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Description: Cute amateur babe sucking BFs cock POV in the shower and getting jizzed on her pretty face with a massive facial cumshot. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Reuden
Reuden (official name: Reuden/Anhalt) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is around 50 km east of Magdeburg, and around 100 km south-west of Berlin. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Zerbst.
Category:Villages in Saxony-Anhalt
Category:Bezirk Magdeburg | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Wikipedia (en) |
Ornella Vanoni
Ornella Vanoni (; born 22 September 1934) is one of the most credited pop singers of Italy. She is known for her sophisticated pop style.
Artistic career
She started her artistic career in 1960 as a theatrical actress of Bertolt Brecht works, under the direction of Giorgio Strehler in his Piccolo Teatro of Milan. At the same time, she started singing, recording for a high-class public. The folklore and popular songs she reinvented in her recordings of this period, especially the ones that sang about the criminal underworld, gave her the nickname ("Underworld Singer").
Owing to the songs "Senza Fine" and "Che cosa c'è" written for her by Gino Paoli, her popularity rose in 1963. Next year, she won the Festival of Neapolitan song with "Tu si na cosa grande".
In the following years, she took part in a series of Festivals of Italian song in Sanremo, which resulted in great successes with the songs; "Abbracciami forte" (1965), "Io ti darò di più" (1966), "La musica è finita" (1967), "Casa Bianca" (1968), and "Eternità" (1970). "Casa Bianca", which came second, was the subject of a copyright dispute between the composer Don Backy and the Clan Celentano label.
Later in the period, Vanoni released the hits "Una ragione di più", "Un'ora sola ti vorrei", and "L'appuntamento". "Non Dirmi Niente" is Vanoni's cover of Burt Bacharach's hit "Don't Make Me Over". "L'appuntamento", which was composed in 1970, is a cover of the Brazilian song "Sentado à Beira do Caminho" (Sitting by the Roadside) by Erasmo Carlos and Roberto Carlos.
In 1976, Vanoni cooperated with Vinicius de Moraes and Toquinho releasing the hit "La voglia, la pazzia, l'incoscienza e l'allegria". During the 1980s, she released "Ricetta di donna", "Uomini", and "Ti lascio una canzone" (a duet with Gino Paoli). In 1989, she returned to Sanremo Festival with the song "Io come farò". In 1999, she recorded "Alberi", a duet with Enzo Gragnaniello. She was mostly active performing live and as a guest singer in recordings. In 2004, she released a duo album with Gino Paoli to celebrate her 70th birthday.
In addition to her singing career, Ornella Vanoni was active in other arts, starring in stage and TV shows, movies, and posing nude for the Italian edition of Playboy magazine. The inclusion of her former hit "L'Appuntamento" (1970) on the Ocean's Twelve soundtrack sparked a worldwide renewal of interest in Ornella Vanoni.
Discography
Ornella Vanoni 1 (1961)
Caldo (1965)
Ornella (1966)
Ornella Vanoni (1967)
Ai miei amici cantautori (1968)
Ai miei amici cantautori (1969)
Ah! L'amore l'amore quante cose fa fare l'amore (1971)
Rileggendo vecchie lettere d'amore (1971)
Un gioco senza età (1972)
Dettagli (1973)
Ornella Vanoni e altre storie (1973)
A un certo punto (1973)
La voglia di sognare (1974)
Quei giorni insieme a te (1974)
Uomo mio bambino mio (1975)
La voglia la pazzia l'incoscienza l'allegria (1976)
Più (1976)
Io dentro (1977)
Io dentro – io fuori (1977)
Vanoni (1978)
Oggi le canto così, vol.1 (1979)
Oggi le canto così, vol.2 (1980)
Ricetta di donna (1980)
Duemilatrecentouno parole (1981)
Oggi le canto così, vol.3 (1982)
Oggi le canto così, vol.4 (1982)
Uomini (1983)
Insieme (1985)
Ornella &... (1986)
O (1987)
Il giro del mio mondo (1989)
Quante storie (1990)
Stella nascente (1992)
Io sono come sono... (1995)
Sheherazade (1995)
Argilla (1997)
Adesso (1999)
E poi...la tua bocca da baciare (2001)
Un panino una birra e poi... (2001)
I concerti live @RTSI: Ornella Vanoni 5 Maggio 1982 (2001)
Sogni proibiti (2002)
Noi, le donne noi (2003)
Ti ricordi? No non mi ricordo (2004)
Più di me (2008, duets album) (ITA: 3× platinum)
Più di te (2009, duets album) (ITA: gold)
Filmography
References
Much of the content of this article comes from the equivalent Italian-language Wikipedia article (retrieved 28 March 2006).
Category:1934 births
Category:Living people
Category:Singers from Milan
Category:Italian female singers
Category:20th-century Italian singers
Category:21st-century Italian singers
Category:20th-century women singers
Category:21st-century women singers | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Wikipedia (en) |
All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Abortion remains one of the most contentious political issues in societies across the world. In political discourse, abortion is often characterised as an intrinsically feminist issue. However, relatively little research clarifies how the general public's attitudes to abortion are related to specific understandings of gender. Social psychological research has shown that numerous socio-political attitudes and behaviour are predicted by lay theories of gender--'common sense' explanatory frameworks that capture people's causal attributions about the origin of gender differences. While people who orient towards a biological theory of gender view sex categories as strictly binary, naturally-given and immutable, those with a social theory view gender as a more fluid, socially constructed dimension. This paper explores the ways abortion attitudes intersect with causal beliefs about gender categories, within the unique social context of a national referendum held to legalise abortion in the Republic of Ireland.
Lay theories of gender {#sec002}
----------------------
Psychological essentialism refers to the tendency to define social categories in terms of an underlying causal 'essence' that makes category membership seem immutable, discrete and internally homogeneous \[[@pone.0218333.ref001],[@pone.0218333.ref002]\]. Across a range of dimensions, including gender, race, mental illness and obesity, essentialist constructions of social groups are linked with more negative attitudes towards those groups \[[@pone.0218333.ref003]\]. While essentialism has been defined in many different ways \[[@pone.0218333.ref002]\], one consistently important component is the extent to which group differences are attributed to innate biological factors versus social experience \[[@pone.0218333.ref001]\]. The biological dimension of essentialism is particularly significant in the domain of gender, where causal attributions have important implications for social attitudes and behaviour. Research links biological explanations of gender with greater perception of gender differentiation \[[@pone.0218333.ref004],[@pone.0218333.ref005]\], endorsement of gender stereotypes \[[@pone.0218333.ref006],[@pone.0218333.ref007]\], sexist attitudes \[[@pone.0218333.ref008]\], acceptance of inequalities \[[@pone.0218333.ref009],[@pone.0218333.ref010]\], reduced support for women's rights \[[@pone.0218333.ref011]\], and disfavouring of female political candidates \[[@pone.0218333.ref010]\]. Additionally, biological explanations of sex roles can operate as 'self-fulfilling prophecies' by establishing gendered norms that people gradually internalise. Among women, encountering biological theories of gender prompts greater identification with negative feminine stereotypes \[[@pone.0218333.ref012]\] and impaired mathematics performance \[[@pone.0218333.ref013]--[@pone.0218333.ref015]\]. Meanwhile, research with male participants has found that men who mistakenly believe they have ingested testosterone behave more selfishly \[[@pone.0218333.ref016]\], thereby reproducing the stereotypical association of masculinity with more self-interested behaviour \[[@pone.0218333.ref017],[@pone.0218333.ref018]\].
Most research linking biological gender theories to conservative social attitudes is correlational, which makes the direction of causality between attitudes and causal attributions ambiguous. Conventionally, essentialist beliefs are conceptualised as causal antecedents of attitudes regarding gender issues \[[@pone.0218333.ref019]\]. However, there is also empirical and theoretical precedent for considering essentialist attributions as post-hoc rationalisations of pre-existing attitudes or ideologies. Some have proposed that essentialist ideas operate as a form of system justification, by making unequal social arrangements seem just and inevitable \[[@pone.0218333.ref009],[@pone.0218333.ref020]\]. More prejudiced people spontaneously generate more causal attributions about stigmatised groups' attributes, suggesting that in a socio-political context that discourages overtly derogatory aspersions about minority groups, biological attributions may function to justify prejudice \[[@pone.0218333.ref019]\]. Experimental studies indicate men with sexist beliefs are more likely to endorse gender essentialism when they are led to believe the gender status quo is changing \[[@pone.0218333.ref009]\]. Similarly, when heterosexual males' privileged social status is experimentally threatened, they seek to preserve their group's distinctiveness by increasing belief in biological causation of sexual orientation \[[@pone.0218333.ref021]\]. Men and women show higher support for scientific research showing biologically-determined sex differences when the findings purportedly prove the superiority of their own gender \[[@pone.0218333.ref022]\]. These studies suggest that causal attributions can be motivated by particular attitudinal and identity commitments, rather than vice versa.
A key advantage biological essentialism offers for motivated social cognition is its flexibility. While carrying the semblance of objective factual information, essentialist statements can be rhetorically leveraged to justify diverse, even antithetical positions \[[@pone.0218333.ref009],[@pone.0218333.ref023]\]. For example, essentialist representations of cultural groups can be recruited to support both exclusive and inclusive models of citizenship \[[@pone.0218333.ref024]\]. Sexual orientation beliefs also demonstrate the multifarious functionality of biological essentialism: although belief in the innateness of sexual orientation typically correlates with more positive attitudes to gay rights \[[@pone.0218333.ref025]\], the notion that homosexuals represent a discrete biological 'kind' can also sanction their othering and marginalisation \[[@pone.0218333.ref026]--[@pone.0218333.ref028]\]. Research exploring the biological attributions that occurred in public discourse preceding a 2015 referendum on marriage equality in Ireland confirmed that both sides of the debate used 'appeals to nature' to justify their position: opponents of marriage equality emphasised the biological basis of parenthood and gender; supporters emphasised the biological basis of homosexuality; and both sides coincided in valorising marriage itself as a naturally desirable state \[[@pone.0218333.ref029]\]. The influence of exposure to such arguments on the public's attitudes or baseline levels of essentialist beliefs remains unclear.
Abortion attitudes and gender beliefs {#sec003}
-------------------------------------
Although existing research confirms that biologically essentialist attributions are recruited in public discourse to serve a range of rhetorical functions \[[@pone.0218333.ref006],[@pone.0218333.ref024],[@pone.0218333.ref029]\], and have generally (although not exclusively) negative effects for intergroup relations \[[@pone.0218333.ref026]\], limited work has charted the specific, real-world socio-political issues with which they interact. For instance, little published research to date has explored the relationship between lay theories of gender and attitudes to abortion policy. Public opinion research shows abortion attitudes are influenced by a range of variables, including age \[[@pone.0218333.ref030],[@pone.0218333.ref031]\], religion and religiosity \[[@pone.0218333.ref032]--[@pone.0218333.ref038],[@pone.0218333.ref038],[@pone.0218333.ref039]\], education \[[@pone.0218333.ref040],[@pone.0218333.ref041]\], political affiliation \[[@pone.0218333.ref035],[@pone.0218333.ref042]--[@pone.0218333.ref046]\] and personal values \[[@pone.0218333.ref032],[@pone.0218333.ref035],[@pone.0218333.ref036],[@pone.0218333.ref038]\]. Most of this evidence comes from sociological or political science studies of socio-demographic predictors, with less attention to the social psychological dynamics of public attitudes to abortion \[[@pone.0218333.ref047]--[@pone.0218333.ref049]\]. Moreover, the vast majority of research on abortion attitudes emanates from the US. Given that the meanings surrounding abortion are intrinsically cultural \[[@pone.0218333.ref050]--[@pone.0218333.ref053]\], greater diversity of research contexts is warranted. The social psychological predictors of abortion attitudes in the Republic of Ireland, the setting for the current research, have not previously been studied.
The role played by gender in abortion attitudes is complex. Reproductive rights have long been a key cause of feminist movements worldwide \[[@pone.0218333.ref054],[@pone.0218333.ref055]\] and research from the 2000s onwards tends to show women more supportive of abortion rights \[[@pone.0218333.ref030],[@pone.0218333.ref036],[@pone.0218333.ref039],[@pone.0218333.ref056]\]. However, gender itself is not a strong or consistent predictor of abortion attitudes \[[@pone.0218333.ref057]\]; more important are the beliefs that an individual holds about gender roles and relations. Endorsement of the value of gender equality is consistently related to more liberal abortion attitudes \[[@pone.0218333.ref038],[@pone.0218333.ref054],[@pone.0218333.ref056]\], and international research has identified correlations between anti-abortion attitudes and traditional beliefs about gender roles \[[@pone.0218333.ref035],[@pone.0218333.ref036],[@pone.0218333.ref038],[@pone.0218333.ref039],[@pone.0218333.ref046],[@pone.0218333.ref056],[@pone.0218333.ref058],[@pone.0218333.ref059]\]. However, Jelen and Wilcox' \[[@pone.0218333.ref041]\] review suggests these statistical relationships often disappear once the effects of religious and political affiliation are controlled. Moreover, the strength of the relationship between gender role beliefs and abortion attitudes vacillates across cultural contexts, with the relationship particularly weak in countries with restrictive abortion laws \[[@pone.0218333.ref060]\]; this suggests there is no inevitable correspondence between the two attitudinal domains \[[@pone.0218333.ref039],[@pone.0218333.ref060]\]. In most Western countries, gender role beliefs changed profoundly in the latter half of the twenty-first century, as did normative sexual morality regarding issues like extramarital sex and same-sex marriage \[[@pone.0218333.ref041]\]. Abortion attitudes have not undergone the extent of liberalisation that would be expected if they were causally linked with gender role beliefs \[[@pone.0218333.ref041],[@pone.0218333.ref061]\]. Indeed, there is some evidence that aggregate attitudes to abortion in the US shifted in a more conservative direction in the late 20^th^ century, even as attitudes towards gendered divisions of labour grew more egalitarian \[[@pone.0218333.ref041]\].
Notably, the strength of the relationship between gender role beliefs and abortion attitudes has also declined over time \[[@pone.0218333.ref060]\]. This may be related to increasing consensus on gender role beliefs, or at least on the beliefs that are acceptable to express, which have reduced meaningful variation in standardised measures. A more valid construct for contemporary contexts is ambivalent sexism, which acknowledges that contemporary gender inequalities are perpetuated by a combination of old-fashioned 'hostile' sexism and modern 'benevolent' sexism. While hostile sexism predicts attitudes to cases of sexual harassment, abuse and assault \[[@pone.0218333.ref062]--[@pone.0218333.ref065]\], benevolent sexism predicts victim-blaming, paternalism and harsh judgement of female sexuality \[[@pone.0218333.ref062],[@pone.0218333.ref066]--[@pone.0218333.ref068]\]. Studies confirm that ambivalent sexism predicts opposition to abortion in the general population, with benevolent sexism a stronger influence than hostile sexism \[[@pone.0218333.ref069],[@pone.0218333.ref070]\]. Research further suggests the component of benevolent sexism that critically mediates the link to abortion attitudes is the idealisation of motherhood \[[@pone.0218333.ref071]\]. With regard to the present study, it is notable that this component of benevolent sexism articulates an essentialist view of gender differences, incorporating the belief that women's biological role in human reproduction endows them with distinct emotional and behavioural attributes. Further indications that biological beliefs may relate to abortion attitudes come from qualitative analyses of pro-life discourse, which suggest that anti-abortion attitudes are often informed by a belief in sexual 'complementarity' that constructs men and women as distinct natural 'types' and conflates female identity with a natural maternal instinct \[[@pone.0218333.ref055],[@pone.0218333.ref072]\]. Interestingly, gender essentialism can also surface in pro-choice discourse, particularly in the argument that (cisgender) men, due to their biological incapability of experiencing pregnancy, are unqualified to make judgements on a woman's reproductive choices \[[@pone.0218333.ref073]\]. Abortion thus seems to be one socio-political issue where the flexible rhetorical properties of biological gender essentialism are exploited. This offers an opportunity to advance understanding of how causal gender attributions are woven into socio-political discourse and the consequences for public attitudes and beliefs. To date, no published quantitative research has explored how lay theories of gender relate to abortion attitudes.
Research context: The Irish abortion referendum {#sec004}
-----------------------------------------------
Understanding the social psychological dynamics of public attitudes to abortion is particularly important in the many regions of the world where abortion legislation remains a matter of active contention. One such jurisdiction is the Republic of Ireland. Until 2018, Ireland maintained one of the most restrictive abortion regimes in Europe, permitting termination only when necessary to prevent serious risk to the mother's life. The legal framework governing this was the Eighth Amendment of the Irish Constitution, which committed the State to defend "the right to life of the unborn" and was sanctioned by 66.9% of the voting public in a 1983 referendum. The ensuing decades saw abortion remain a fiercely contested issue, with the hazards of the abortion ban highlighted by a series of medical tragedies, high-profile civil and Supreme Court cases, and condemnation from the international courts and human rights community \[[@pone.0218333.ref074]\]. Following the 2013 death of Savita Halappanavar, who died of sepsis after being refused a termination in an Irish hospital, serious political momentum around changing Ireland's abortion legislation began to coalesce. As any change to the Irish Constitution requires majority approval by the population, a referendum to repeal the Eighth Amendment was called for 25^th^ May 2018. The repeal proposition was supported by all major political parties and most civil society organisations and, after a heated public debate, passed with 66.4% of the vote (voter turn-out was 64.5%, the 3^rd^ highest ever in an Irish referendum). Legislation to permit abortion up to 12 gestational weeks, and in select circumstances thereafter, was approved in 2018.
Social psychological research on public attitudes is most valid when the attitude domain is topical in a particular socio-political context and has immediate behavioural implications with high material stakes. As a case where citizens were highly engaged with a pressing public issue, and obliged to make a binary voting decision that would dictate national legislation and practice, the Irish referendum offered a singular empirical opportunity to explore the social psychological dynamics of abortion attitudes. The current research used this unique historical context to investigate the nature and directionality of the relationship between causal theories of gender and attitudes to abortion policy.
The aim of the research was to explore the motivated dimension of causal gender attributions by experimentally investigating whether presenting particular gender theories as consistent vs. inconsistent with an important socio-political attitude (voting intention in the Irish abortion referendum) would shift people's endorsement of causal gender attributions. Demonstration of the mutability of gender beliefs would contribute to the theoretical debate regarding whether attributions causally influence social attitudes, or primarily function to justify existing attitudinal commitments \[[@pone.0218333.ref009],[@pone.0218333.ref019],[@pone.0218333.ref075]\]. The research consisted of two studies (total *N =* 589) conducted in the three weeks preceding the referendum (4^th^-25^th^ May 2018). Participation was restricted to those who were eligible to vote in the referendum (i.e., Irish citizens over 18 years old). Both studies were conducted in line with national, professional and institutional research ethics policies and participants gave informed consent to participate.
Study 1 {#sec005}
=======
Study 1 sought to clarify the relationship between abortion attitudes and biological gender beliefs through an experimental manipulation that informed participants that a biological theory of gender was either consistent or inconsistent with their stated voting intention in the abortion referendum. If endorsement of the biological theory was lower following its positioning as inconsistent with one's existing attitude to abortion, this would provide evidence that lay gender theories are mutable to attitude justification motives.
Method {#sec006}
------
### Design {#sec007}
An online experiment was run on Qualtrics. After consenting to participate by ticking a box, participants were asked to indicate their voting intention in the upcoming referendum and their level of certainty (on a 4-point scale) they would vote this way. The survey programme then randomly assigned participants to read one of two 201-word passages ([S1 Appendix](#pone.0218333.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Both passages shared a common first section, which strongly asserted the biological origins of gender. The passages then diverged in building an argument that the biological aetiology of gender supported either a No (pro-life) or Yes (pro-choice) vote. The passages were developed following an inspection of media content to identify common ways biological construals of sex/gender were absorbed into arguments for and against abortion. Previous scholarly analyses of Irish abortion discourse were also consulted \[[@pone.0218333.ref073],[@pone.0218333.ref074],[@pone.0218333.ref076]\].
After reading the passage, participants were asked to evaluate the strength of its argument on a 5-point scale. The next page included an attention/memory check that asked participants whether the passage they had read favoured a No or Yes vote. This was followed by the Lay Gender Beliefs scale \[[@pone.0218333.ref012]\], an 11-item scale comprising two subdimensions that measure endorsement of a Biological Theory (Cronbach's α = .84) and Social Theory (α = .80) of gender. The order of items on this scale was randomised. The questionnaire concluded with a battery of socio-demographic questions. Participants were then fully debriefed regarding the study aims and design.
### Participants {#sec008}
Participants were recruited by circulating adverts with links to the study through social media and popular Irish web forums. As the study involved a test of motivated reasoning, recruitment targeted online communities and discussion groups likely to be frequented by those invested in the referendum debate (e.g. referendum-themed groups on Facebook, referendum-themed threads on forums including [reddit.com/r/ireland/](http://reddit.com/r/ireland/), politics.ie, [politicalirish.com](http://politicalirish.com), [irishcatholics.proboards.com](http://irishcatholics.proboards.com), rollercoaster.ie). As younger people, who tend to be more pro-choice, are more likely to be active on social media, specific effort was made to identify online communities that favoured a No vote (e.g. religiously affiliated groups and anti-abortion forum discussion threads). The research was introduced as a study of the factors that influence voting intentions and attitudes to abortion policy.
A total of 348 people opted into the study. Participants were aged between 18--68, with a mean of 30.41 years (*SD =* 10.69). Of those who stated their gender, 65% (*n* = 178) were female. Over half (58.2%; *n* = 163) were single, 40% (*n* = 112) were married or cohabiting, and 1.8% divorced/separated/widowed (*n* = 5). Approximately two-thirds (67.6%, *n* = 190) were not parents. 60.1% (*n* = 169) had university-level education. In an open question asking participants to define their religion, 61.7% (*n* = 158) stated they had none or identified as atheist, agnostic or 'non-practicing'; one-third (34%, *n* = 87) identified as Christian, with the majority being Catholic. Levels of religiosity were low across the sample, with a mean of 1.66 (*SD =* 1.07) on a 5-point scale (1 = 'not at all important', 5 = 'extremely important'). Mean political orientation on a 5-point scale (1 = 'extremely liberal', 5 = 'extremely conservative') was 2.17 (S*D =* .99).
### Analysis {#sec009}
Data were downloaded from Qualtrics and entered into SPSS for cleaning and analysis. Cases with no valid data were excluded. All other partial responses were included, with missing data within individual analyses excluded listwise (as a result, the sample sizes for the tests reported below differ depending on data availability for relevant variables). Correlations and *t*-tests were used to explore the relationship between sociodemographic variables and lay gender theories. An ANCOVA tested the hypothesis that people's endorsement of Biological Theory would be stronger following the presentation of a biologically essentialist construction of gender as supporting their voting intention (i.e. significant interaction between participant's voting intention and direction of the argument they read). A further ANCOVA explored the effect of the same experimental manipulation on the Social Theory subscale. All tests were two-tailed.
Results {#sec010}
-------
### Voting intentions {#sec011}
At the time of data collection, 76.7% (*n =* 267) intended to vote Yes, 18.7% (*n =* 65) No and 4.6% (*n =* 16) were undecided. When asked to rate their certainty they would vote this way, 90.3% (*n =* 241) of Yes voters and 73.4% (*n =* 47) of No voters self-classified as 'absolutely certain'.
Qualtrics randomly assigned 148 people (46.5%) to read the passage favouring a No (anti-abortion) vote and 170 (53.5%) a Yes vote. A two-way ANOVA (excluding participants who failed the attention/memory check) was conducted to assess whether the two variants of the passage were equivalent in perceived argument quality. There was no main effect of either argument direction (*F*\[1,249\] = 1.30, *p* = .26, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .005) or participant's voting intention (*F*\[1,249\] = .27, *p* = .60, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .001), indicating a comparison of the passages' effects on endorsement of lay theories was appropriate.
### Sociodemographic factors and lay gender theories {#sec012}
As expected, the Social and Biological Theory subscales were negatively correlated, *r*(281) *=* -.70, *p \<* .001. Across the sample, women scored higher on the Social Theory scale (*M =* 4.11, *SD =* 1.16) than men (*M =* 3.90, *SD =* 1.47), but this difference was not significant, *t*(271) = 1.29, *p =* .20, *d =* .16. Conversely, men scored higher on the Biological Theory scale (*M =* 3.73, *SD =* 1.40) than women (*M =* 3.59, *SD =* 1.20), but again this was non-significant, *t*(271) = -.84, *p =* .40, *d =* .10.
Those with university-level education did not show significantly different scores from those of lower educational levels on the Biological Theory scale, *t*(278) = -1.37, *p =* .17, *d =* .17. However university-educated participants were significantly less positive regarding Social Theory (*M =* 3.89, *SD =* 1.31) than non-university-educated participants (*M =* 4.28, *SD =* 1.25), *t*(278) = 2.44, *p =* .02, *d =* .30.
A series of bivariate correlations were performed to establish relationships between gender theories and age, political orientation and religiosity. Higher scores on Biological Theory were correlated with greater conservatism (*r*\[280\] *=* .45, *p \<* .001), higher religiosity (*r*\[278\] *=* .23, *p \<* .001) and older age (*r*\[275\] *=* .22, *p =* .001). Conversely, higher belief in Social Theory was correlated with more liberal views (*r*\[280\] *=* -.48, *p \<* .001), lower religiosity (*r*\[278\] *= -*.25, *p \<* .001) and younger age (*r*\[275\] *=* -.29, *p \<* .001).
Yes voters had significantly greater belief in Social Theory (*M =* 4.36, *SD =* 1.21) than No voters (*M =* 2.92, *SD =* .94), *t*(265) = -7.78, *p \<* .001, *d =* 1.35. Yes voters reported significantly lower belief in Biological Theory (*M =* 3.35, *SD =* 1.21) than No voters (*M =* 4.82, *SD =* .95), *t*(266) = 8.03, *p \<* .001, *d =* 1.33.
### Effect of experimental manipulation {#sec013}
Seventeen participants failed the attention/memory check and were excluded from further analysis. Participants who responded 'Unsure' for their voting intention (*n =* 16) were also excluded. Despite the uneven numbers of Yes and No voters, Levene's tests for equality of variances indicated the group variances did not significantly differ. We conducted two separate ANCOVAs to assess the effect of voting intention (Yes/No) and experimental manipulation (argument direction Yes/No) on both dependent variables (Biological and Social Theory endorsement). Gender, age, religiosity, political orientation, certainty of voting intention, and perceived strength of the argument were all potential covariates for these models. For the first step in each analysis, we tested the assumptions of homogeneity of regression slopes with each covariate. Specifically, we assessed interaction effects between each covariate and the two independent variables in each model (including the three-way interaction term with both). For both models, age and political orientation interacted with either one of the IVs. Thus, only gender, religiosity, vote certainty and argument strength were deemed appropriate covariates. The same pattern of results emerges if all six variables are included as covariates in each model.
We first investigated the effect of voting intention and argument direction on Biological Theory endorsement. There was a significant effect of the covariates argument strength (*F*\[1,235\] = 40.99, *p \<* .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .15) and gender (*F*\[1,235\] = 3.96, *p =* .048, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .02), but not vote certainty (*F*\[1,235\] = 1.10, *p =* .30, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .005) or religiosity (*F*\[1,235\] = .20, *p =* .66, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .001). After controlling for these covariates, there was no significant main effect of argument direction, *F*(1,235) = .30, *p =* .58, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .001, but there remained a main effect of voting intention, *F*(1,235) = 34.73, *p \<* .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .13. This main effect should be interpreted in light of a significant voting intention × argument direction interaction, *F*(1,235) = 13.45, *p \<* .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .05.
[Fig 1](#pone.0218333.g001){ref-type="fig"} displays the estimated marginal means underlying this interaction. It shows the pattern of effects running in the opposite direction than hypothesised. Specifically, Yes voters who read that a biological account of sex differences supported a Yes vote subsequently showed *less* endorsement of Biological Theory than Yes voters who read that biological account supported a No vote. Simple effects analysis confirmed this difference across argument conditions among Yes voters was significant, *F*(1,235) = 22.75, *p* \< .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .09. Correspondingly, No voters who read that biological theories were inconsistent with their own position showed *higher* endorsement of Biological Theory than No voters who read that a biological account supported their position. However, simple effects analysis indicated this difference among No voters was non-significant, *F*(1,235) = 3.69, *p* = .06, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .02.
{#pone.0218333.g001}
In a second ANCOVA, we investigated endorsement of Social Theory as a dependent variable. Here there was a significant effect of the covariate argument strength (*F*\[1,235\] = 12.23, *p =* .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .05), but not gender (*F*\[1,235\] = 3.19, *p =* .08, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .01), vote certainty (*F*\[1,235\] = 2.18, *p =* .14, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .01) or religiosity (*F*\[1,235\] = .18, *p =* .67, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .001). After controlling for these covariates, there was no significant main effect of argument direction (*F*\[1,235\] = 1.87, *p =* .17, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .01), but a significant main effect of voting intention *(F*\[1,235\] = 23.67, *p \<* .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .09) indicated that Yes voters had higher agreement with Social Theory than No voters. The voting intention × argument direction interaction was not significant, *F*(1,235) = 2.79, *p =* .10, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .01.
Although the interaction was non-significant, the pattern of expected marginal means is consistent with the results for Biological Theory ([Fig 2](#pone.0218333.g002){ref-type="fig"}). Yes voters who read that biological theories were consistent with a Yes vote showed higher endorsement of Social Theory than Yes voters who read that a biological account supported a No position. Simple effects analysis revealed that this difference among Yes voters was statistically significant, *F*(1,235) = 10.83, *p* = .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .04. There was no significant difference across argument conditions among No voters, *F*(1,235) = .08, *p* = .77, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .00.
{#pone.0218333.g002}
Interim discussion {#sec014}
------------------
Results ran counter to those hypothesised. Participants who read that a biological account of gender supported their own intended voting position subsequently showed lowered agreement with biological gender theories, relative to participants who were told that biological theories conflicted with their stated voting intention. This pattern held for both Yes and No voters, although stronger results were observed for Yes voters.
Given the theoretically surprising nature of these results, and their conflict with previous results showing biological gender beliefs are selectively endorsed to support ideological motivations \[[@pone.0218333.ref009],[@pone.0218333.ref022]\], it is possible these findings are spurious. Study 2 therefore replicated the procedure of Study 1, but instead of reading a passage asserting the biological basis of gender, participants read a passage asserting the social origins of gender. Belief in social determinism has been proposed to operate according to similar principles as biological essentialism \[[@pone.0218333.ref077]\]. As in Study 1, the social account of gender was contrived to support either a Yes or No vote in the referendum.
Study 2 {#sec015}
=======
Study 2 investigated the effects on lay gender theories of exposure to an experimental manipulation indicating that social theories of gender were consistent vs. inconsistent with participants' stated voting intention.
Method {#sec016}
------
### Design {#sec017}
The structure of the questionnaire was the same as Study 1. However, instead of reading an account of biological theories of gender, participants read a 201-word passage that strongly emphasised social explanations of gender differences ([S1 Appendix](#pone.0218333.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). As with Study 1, participants were randomly assigned to read extracts arguing that this social account of gender supported either a Yes (*N =* 107) or No (*N =* 103) vote in the referendum.
### Participants {#sec018}
Recruitment strategies were the same as for Study 1. Efforts were made to advertise Studies 1 and 2 via different online communities to avoid overlap in participant pools. As anonymity concerns prevented collection of identifying characteristics or metadata, it is impossible to guarantee no duplication of participants between the studies. However, as both studies were advertised using identical wording and had a common 'landing' information page, they would have appeared to anyone who encountered both to be a single study; there would therefore have been little incentive to opt into both studies. A total of 241 people participated in Study 2. Participants were aged between 18--71, with a mean of 28.44 years (*SD =* 9.43). The sample was 60.9% (*n =* 109) female and 77.1% (*n =* 138) university-educated. The majority were single (68.5%, *n =* 122) and childless (79.3%, *n =* 142) at the time of research. Mean political orientation (1 = 'extremely liberal', 5 = 'extremely conservative') was 2.12 (S*D =* .98). When asked to define their religion, 37.6% (*n =* 62) identified as Christian and 60.6% (*n =* 100) atheist, agnostic or non-practicing. Mean religiosity was 1.67 (*SD =* 1.00).
### Analysis {#sec019}
The analytic approach used in Study 1 was repeated. Cronbach's α for the Biological Theory subscale was .85 and for Social Theory .83.
Results {#sec020}
-------
### Voting intentions {#sec021}
Overall, 77.2% (*n* = 186) intended to vote Yes, 18.7% (*n* = 45) No and 4.15% (*n* = 10) were undecided. Most participants---96.2% (*n* = 179) of Yes voters and 81.8% (*n* = 47) of No voters---were 'absolutely certain' they would vote according to their stated intention.
### Sociodemographic factors and lay gender theories {#sec022}
As in Study 1, the Social and Biological Theory subscales were negatively correlated, *r*(182) = -.69, *p \<* .001. Women scored significantly higher on the Social Theory scale (*M =* 4.41, *SD =* 1.28) than men (*M =* 3.60, *SD =* 1.49), *t*(172) = 3.80, *p \<* .001, *d =* .58. Men endorsed Biological Theory (*M =* 4.06, *SD =* 1.40) significantly more than women (*M =* 3.42, *SD =* 1.24), *t*(172) = -3.11, *p =* .002, *d =* .48.
Participants with university-level education did not show significantly different scores from those of lower educational levels on Social Theory, *t*(177) = -1.45, *p =* .15, *d =* .26. However, university-educated participants showed significantly lower belief in Biological Theory (*M =* 3.50, *SD =* 1.33) than non-university-educated participants (*M =* 4.07, *SD =* 1.26), *t*(177) = 2.45, *p =* .02, *d =* .44.
As in Study 1, agreement with Social Theory was correlated with more liberal views (*r*\[178\] = -.58, *p \<* .001), lower religiosity (*r*\[178\] *= -*.23, *p =* .002) and younger age (*r*\[179\] *=* -.18, *p =* .02). Higher endorsement of Biological Theory was correlated with greater conservatism (*r*\[178\] *=* .58, *p \<* .001) and higher religiosity (*r*\[178\] *=* .26, *p =* .001), but the correlation with age was not statistically significant (*r*\[179\] *=* .14, *p =* .07).
Yes voters had significantly higher endorsement of Social Theory (*M =* 4.53, *SD =* 1.20) than No voters (2.67, *SD =* 1.25), *t*(171) = -8.00, *p \<* .001, *d =* 1.53. They also reported significantly lower belief in Biological Theory (*M =* 3.30, *SD =* 1.24) than No voters (*M =* 4.82, *SD =* .98), *t*(171) = 6.57, *p \<* .001, *d =* 1.36.
### Effect of experimental manipulation {#sec023}
Participants who failed the attention/memory check (*n* = 14) or were unsure of their voting intentions (*n* = 10) were excluded from further analysis. As in Study 1, two ANCOVAS investigated whether voting intention and argument direction affected gender theories. For each analysis, we tested the assumption of homogeneity of regression slopes with six potential covariates (gender, age, religiosity, political orientation, vote certainty, and perceived argument strength). When Social Theory endorsement was assessed as the DV, the assumption was again violated for age and political orientation, which had significant interactions with voting intention. These variables were excluded from the Social Theory ANCOVA (inclusion of these covariates did not change the pattern of results in either model). For Biological Theory endorsement, both political orientation and religiosity significantly interacted with voting intention and were deemed inappropriate covariates.
For the Social Theory DV, there was a significant effect of the covariates argument strength (*F*\[1,142\] = 20.82, *p* \< .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .13) and gender (*F*\[1,142\] = 5.70, *p =* .02, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .04), but not vote certainty (*F*\[1,142\] = .31, *p =* .58, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .002) or religiosity (*F*\[1,142\] = .36, *p =* .55, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .003). After controlling for these covariates, there was no significant main effect of argument direction, *F*(1,142) = 1.46, *p =* .23, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .01. However, there was a significant main effect of voting intention (*F*\[1,142\] = 16.34, *p \<* .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .10) and there was again a significant vote × argument direction interaction, *F*(1,142) = 9.68, *p =* .002, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .06. [Fig 3](#pone.0218333.g003){ref-type="fig"} displays the estimated marginal means. Similar to Study 1's findings, voters who read that a social account of gender supported an opposing vote subsequently showed *higher* endorsement of Social Theory compared to voters who read that a social account supported their own intended vote. Simple effects analysis revealed that these differences in endorsement of Social Theory across argument condition were significant among both No voters (*F*\[1,142\] = 7.31, *p* = .008, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .05) and Yes voters (*F*\[1,142\] = 4.538, *p* = .04, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .03).
{#pone.0218333.g003}
For the Biological Theory DV, there was a significant effect of the covariate argument strength (*F*\[1,143\] = 4.84, *p* = .03, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .03), but not gender (*F*\[1,143\] = 2.03, *p =* .16, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .01), vote certainty (*F*\[1,143\] = .43, *p =* .52, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .003) or age (*F*\[1,143\] = 2.64, *p =* .11, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .02). After controlling for these covariates, there was a significant main effect of voting intention (*F*\[1,143\] = 15.05, *p \<* .001, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .10), but no main effect of argument direction (*F*\[1,143\] = .15, *p =* .70, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .001). There was again a significant voting intention x argument direction interaction, *F*(1,143) = 4.17, *p =* .04, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .03.
The direction of the estimated marginal means shows the same pattern as previous results ([Fig 4](#pone.0218333.g004){ref-type="fig"}). No voters who read that a social account of gender supported a No vote reported *higher* endorsement of the Biological Theory scale than No voters who read that social account supported a Yes vote. Correspondingly, Yes voters who read that social theories were inconsistent with their own position showed lower endorsement of Biological Theory than Yes voters who read that a social account supported their position. However, simple effects analysis revealed no significant difference in Biological Theory endorsement across argument condition for Yes (*F*\[1,143\] = 2.87, *p* = .09, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .02) or No voters (*F*\[1,143\] = 2.44, *p* = .12, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = .02).
{#pone.0218333.g004}
Interim discussion {#sec024}
------------------
Study 2 shows the same pattern of results as Study 1. For both Yes and No voters, reading that a social account of gender was consistent with one's own voting intention reduced support for social theories of gender, relative to participants who read that the social theory was inconsistent with their voting intention.
Discussion {#sec025}
==========
The Irish abortion referendum of 2018 was a unique cultural, political and historical event. The current research took advantage of this opportunity to explore the relationship between abortion attitudes and lay theories of gender. Across both studies, those who wished to liberalise Ireland's abortion regime endorsed more social and less biological theories of gender than those who wished to maintain the abortion ban. The co-incidence of certain gender theories and abortion attitudes has not previously been demonstrated in the published literature, but is unsurprising given prior evidence that biological essentialism is linked with more conservative worldviews \[[@pone.0218333.ref006],[@pone.0218333.ref008],[@pone.0218333.ref010]\]. The two studies reported in this paper sought to enlighten the causal directionality of this relationship by testing whether exposure to gender theories, which were presented as attitude-consistent vs. attitude-inconsistent, affected people's causal gender beliefs. Based on previous research showing causal gender attributions are mutable to identity and ideological motivations \[[@pone.0218333.ref009],[@pone.0218333.ref022]\], we hypothesised that participants would more strongly endorse gender theories that were presented as supporting their pre-existing voting attention. However, the opposite effect emerged: participants subsequently showed higher endorsement of gender theories portrayed as *conflicting* with their voting intention. This pattern of effects was consistent across both studies (that exposed people to social and biological accounts of gender), Yes and No voters, and both dependent variables (endorsement of social and biological theories).
These results diverge from previous research showing motivated endorsement of essentialist theories \[[@pone.0218333.ref009],[@pone.0218333.ref021],[@pone.0218333.ref022],[@pone.0218333.ref078]\], as well as the vast body of social cognitive research showing biased assimilation of attitude-consistent information \[[@pone.0218333.ref079]\]. It is, of course, possible that the findings are spurious. However, a number of features of the current research preclude its wholesale dismissal, including its reasonably large sample; the elicitation of data on attitudes and behavioural intentions pertaining to a meaningful, topical and consequential issue; and the consistency of results across studies, dependent variables and experimental conditions.
The time-specific nature of the research, which had a three-week data collection window before the referendum occurred, unfortunately precluded the initiation of further studies to investigate the social psychological mechanisms underlying the unexpected findings. Interpretation of the results therefore remains speculative. One possibility is that the results reflect a reactance or 'boomerang' effect resulting from a persuasion attempt perceived to be too heavy-handed \[[@pone.0218333.ref080]\]. The study took place at a time when national media was saturated with referendum coverage, as both campaigns clamoured to broadcast their message to the electorate. In this context, participants may have perceived the study as yet another attempt to manipulate them, and expressed their frustration by shifting in the opposite direction than expected of them. The referendum campaign was also marked by frequent appeals for 'balance', exemplified by an obligation on radio and television broadcasters to ensure programming fairly represented the interests of both sides of the debate. Given these norms, it is possible participants in this study valued exposure to arguments with which they did not personally agree \[[@pone.0218333.ref081]\]. These issues highlight the methodological challenges in designing experimental research pertaining to topical, real-world socio-political events: gains in ecological validity may come at the cost of the data's liability to unpredictable and uncontrollable socio-emotional motives.
Another potential explanation relates to the high levels of certainty participants reported regarding their voting intention. Despite previous evidence that abortion attitudes typically show high levels of ambiguity and contextuality \[[@pone.0218333.ref046],[@pone.0218333.ref082],[@pone.0218333.ref083]\], the referendum presented Irish citizens with a binary choice. Over 90% of Yes-voting participants rated themselves 'absolutely certain' they would vote this way. This may have attenuated any motivation to engage in biased cognition, as participants did not need additional justification for their already secure position. The normative nature of their voting intention within their social networks, particularly for Yes voters, may also have reduced motivation to bolster their position. This close to the referendum, participants had likely already been exposed to a necessary and sufficient quantity of arguments to justify their position: an additional argument based on gender theories may have been extraneous. This would explain a null effect in Studies 1 and 2, but does not quite account for the backlash effect that was observed. One possibility is that participants in the attitude-consistent conditions compared the gender theory arguments to the other arguments supporting their position they had encountered in real life, and judged the gender theory arguments weak in comparison. This evaluation of the quality of the gender theory arguments for/against abortion may have generalised to the premise of the gender theory itself, independent of its relation to the abortion issue. Due to self-selection into social circles and media outlets where one's own attitude is shared, participants in the attitude-inconsistent conditions may not have encountered as many arguments for that position. Without a frame of reference to evaluate the relative quality of attitude-inconsistent arguments, the inherent weaknesses of the gender theory argument may have been less apparent.
If participants' high attitudinal certainty meant the context was not conducive to motivated reasoning, the results may be better interpreted on a more basic cognitive or information processing level. Participants were initially shown specific gender theories, followed by the introduction of pro-life/pro-choice arguments. In each study, the findings demonstrated higher endorsement of the presented gender theories among participants who were subsequently exposed to an argument that conflicted with their voting preference. This may reflect an ideological priming effect among these groups \[[@pone.0218333.ref084]\]. Such priming effects should be interpreted with regard to cognitive and motivational processing resources \[[@pone.0218333.ref085],[@pone.0218333.ref086]\]. Numerous psychological models predict that, in general terms (and in the absence of motivated reasoning), fluent information processing leads to subtle positive changes in core affect, which in turn facilitate the activation of intuitive \[[@pone.0218333.ref087],[@pone.0218333.ref088]\] or chronically accessible \[[@pone.0218333.ref089],[@pone.0218333.ref090]\] attitudes. On the other hand, incongruent information and negative affect increase cognitive processing resources \[[@pone.0218333.ref091],[@pone.0218333.ref092]\] and reduce reliance on 'default' or chronically accessible attitudes. In this research, participants' existing lay theories of gender could be considered as chronically accessible ideological attitudes \[[@pone.0218333.ref090],[@pone.0218333.ref093]\]. Thus, when the arguments presented were congruent with participants' own voting intention, information was processed fluently and the expected discrepancy in gender theories between Yes- and No-voters was evident. However, the presentation of arguments incongruent with participants' voting intentions may have elicited negative affect, which created a priming effect by facilitating the inclusion of temporarily accessible information (the gender theories just encountered) in participants' attitudes. In other words, the initial exposure to the biological (or social) accounts primed stronger endorsement of biological (or social) theories among voters subsequently exposed to arguments that conflicted with their voting preferences.
Whatever the potential mechanism for the results observed, they do not support the hypothesis that participants' endorsement of gender theories was motivated by desire to bolster existing socio-political attitudes regarding abortion. However, neither do they indicate that gender theories were entirely independent of abortion attitudes: the experimental manipulations did significantly affect endorsement of gender theories, albeit in the opposite direction than expected. This provides further evidence for the principle that lay gender theories are mutable, although the mechanism driving their adaptation in this research remains unclear.
Strengths and limitations {#sec026}
-------------------------
One weakness of this research relates to the quality of the experimental manipulations, i.e. the gender theory-based pro-life and pro-choice arguments to which participants were exposed. The presentation of fabricated biological/social accounts of gender differences is common practice in experimental research seeking to manipulate levels of essentialism \[[@pone.0218333.ref006],[@pone.0218333.ref009],[@pone.0218333.ref011],[@pone.0218333.ref019]\]. Development of the passages was informed by inspection of real-world media content and academic literature on abortion discourse in Ireland. For example, the passages incorporated the central role of 'choice' in abortion discourse \[[@pone.0218333.ref073]\] and Irish anti-abortion advocates' focus on the social circumstances seen to promote abortion, such as inadequate childcare provision and economic deprivation \[[@pone.0218333.ref076]\]. The statistical analyses did control for the perceived strength of the arguments. Nevertheless, it is possible that the specific arguments developed for this research were not seen by participants as credible, weakening their power as experimental manipulations.
The research was also subject to sampling limitations. Young, female, educated and non-religious people were over-represented in both studies. Yes-voters were also over-represented relative to the final referendum result (66.4% Yes). Recruitment took place online, which restricted the sample to those active on the platforms where the research was advertised. Recruitment specifically targeted interest-groups already engaged in the referendum debate (e.g. by placing adverts on relevant discussion threads). This bias was intentional, as the experimental design required people with existing commitment to a certain voting intention. It also increased response rates by targeting people interested in the topic. However, these populations may have had distinctive demographic or psychological profiles that affected the results gleaned.
Neither study included a control condition that measured Yes- and No-voters' baseline gender theory beliefs, independent of any experimental manipulation. Without such data, it is difficult to judge whether the interaction effects obtained were primarily driven by changes in the attitude-consistent condition, attitude-inconsistent condition, or both. Neither was voting intention re-assessed to establish whether intentions were affected by the experimental manipulation (although participants' high expressed certainty in their intended vote probably made this unlikely). Given ethical requirements to immediately debrief participants (so as not to influence their actual voting behaviour), it was not possible to collect follow-up data to establish whether the experimental effects persisted. Ethical concerns regarding not interfering with citizens' voting behaviour in the approaching referendum also prevented any investigation of the reverse direction of the gender theories--abortion attitudes relationship, namely whether manipulation of causal gender attributions would shift abortion attitudes. This may be an appropriate focus of investigation for future research in less immediately consequential socio-political environments.
Research in other contexts would also be welcome to clarify the influence of the unique circumstances of the Irish referendum on the results obtained. It is worth noting that public debate preceding the Irish referendum largely focused on cases of abortion due to maternal risk or fatal foetal abnormality, i.e. 'traumatic' rather than 'elective' abortion. Previous research suggests gender-related beliefs are stronger predictors of attitudes to elective rather than traumatic abortion \[[@pone.0218333.ref094]\]. If participants' voting intentions were predominantly driven by attitudes to traumatic abortion, the relevance of lay gender theories may have been minimised. Additionally, although religious observance has declined dramatically in Ireland since the 1990s, the traditionally strong Catholic influence on Irish culture may mean beliefs about the status and rights of the foetus overshadow beliefs about gender in determining abortion attitudes \[[@pone.0218333.ref047]--[@pone.0218333.ref049]\]. Lay theories of human categories beyond gender may prove a fruitful avenue for investigation for future research.
The studies' limitations notwithstanding, the research contributes the first quantitative analysis of the relationship between lay theories of gender and abortion attitudes. It expands the body of research that has approached abortion from a social psychological lens and broadens the international scope of the literature on abortion attitudes. Its setting within a meaningful socio-political event heightens its relevance and validity, and it is one of the first studies to relate biological essentialism to behavioural intentions regarding a topical socio-political issue, rather than generic attitudinal measures. The demonstrated mutability of gender theories is consistent with the argument that causal attributions primarily function to communicate ideological and political meanings, rather than constitute social attitudes \[[@pone.0218333.ref075]\]. However, the patterns of results in both studies throw doubt on the proposition that the endorsement of particular gender theories is simply determined by their alignment with pre-existing attitudinal commitments. Further cross-sectional and experimental research is required to understand the basis for the coherence between particular theories of gender and attitudinal positions regarding abortion.
Supporting information {#sec027}
======================
###### Study materials.
(PDF)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Study 1 dataset.
(SAV)
######
Click here for additional data file.
###### Study 2 dataset.
(SAV)
######
Click here for additional data file.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the following people for assistance with participant recruitment: John Kerr, Jamie Howell, Gavin Hynes, Ailsa McGuinness, Adam Nolan.
[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Central |
Q:
how to change button's text position when pressed?
I have used two pictures (nine-patch) for the background of buttons.
when state_pressed="true" the background changes. (I used selector)
I designed backgrounds somehow they look like the real buttons and when you press them, they go inside.
look at them when running my application on AVD (or any device)
button's text is at the previous position.
what's the solution?
A:
you can use svg image as backgroud which will never pixelate in any case
for example creae a drawable and past given xml source in it which will create a avg image now use it as drawable backgroung
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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c-0.777-3.291-0.424-5.119-0.424-5.119C0.734,8.179,5.936,2,13.159,2C18.522,2,22.832,5.343,24.85,10.126z" />
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| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | StackExchange |
In 1926 Anne Brigman wrote, "I've dreamed of and loved to work with the human figure—to embody it in rocks and trees, to make it part of the elements, not apart from them." Brigman's characteristic subject, the female nude in a landscape, provided people living in an increasingly industrialized society with romantic compositions linking nature with humankind. Brigman frequently photographed in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains and occasionally substituted children for women, their youthful bodies and poses suggesting purity, innocence, and a curiosity about the natural world.
The Portland Art Museum’s Online Collections site is brought to you thanks to support provided by the State of Oregon through its second Culture, History, Arts, Movies, and Preservation funding program and generous awards from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Endowment for the Arts. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Pidgeon in the Perry Mason episode "The Case of the Surplus Suitor" (February 28, 1963)
Pidgeon guest-starred in the episode "King of the Valley" (November 26, 1959) of CBS's Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater. Pidgeon played Dave King, a prosperous rancher who quarrels with his banker over a $10,000 loan. When the banker dies of a heart attack on the job after a confrontation with King, it is discovered that the bank is missing $50,000. Leora Dana plays Anne Coleman, the banker's widow and the rancher's former paramour. The banker lost the funds with a bad investment, but the irate and uninformed townspeople are blaming King.[4]
Pidgeon married twice. In 1919, he wed the former Edna Muriel Pickles, who died in 1921 during the birth of their daughter, also named Edna.[7] In 1931, Pidgeon married his secretary, Ruth Walker, to whom he remained married until his death.
^ abJoseph Berger (September 26, 1984). "Walter Pidgeon, Actor, Dies at 87". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-25. Walter Pidgeon, the courtly actor who distinguished his 47-year career with portrayals of men who prove both sturdy and wise, died yesterday at a hospital in Santa Monica, Calif. He was 87 years old and had suffered a series of strokes. ... | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Domestic violence solution essay
Solutions to the Problem of Domestic Violence Essay
Domestic violence solution essay - A strict policy would help change that. Therefore, you are able to rely on a topnotch performance without needing to sell a kidney. Life contains lots of difficulties and surprises. Research papers often employ the American Psychological Association, or APA, citation style. Follow-up the suggested reading around the course syllabus or perhaps the footnotes or bibliographies with the texts you happen to be reading for the course. Should you not find the stock volitle and would like to wait lasting its fine for cash saved. If you need any kind of assistance regarding how to start an essay visit our website and all your problems concerning how to start an essay is going to be solved. Even as receive your instructions, we'll find the best choice writer from the team to write your school assignment. A great deal of hubs on SEO are so technical, Alberta Canada. When we analyze a magazine, poem, film, article, advertisement, and the like, we're more than likely racking your brains on how it operates and/or evaluate whether or not it's effective. Book review sheet for students
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Counseling Services for Domestic Violence Survivors A Review of the Empirical Evidence insertpdf Carole Warshaw, MD, National Center on Domestic Violence, Trauma, and Mental Health Even if you were given a subject matter, find and try an'angle' into it with a interest for you.
Outline of domestic violence - Wikipedia
In this article, I am going to present on school violence although domestic violence is another important cause creating aggressive behavior among children at the early stage of their lives. However, with the help of below mentioned sample cause and effect essay on violence, you can easily take a look on the subject.
Essay on domestic violence - magnetedu
The problems of child maltreatment, domestic violence, and elder abuse have generated hundreds of separate interventions in social service, health, and law enforcement settings. This array of interventions has been driven by the urgency of the different types of family violence, client needs, and | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Last updated on .From the section Rugby Union
Edinburgh prop John Yapp tackles Munster winger Dougie Howlett at Thomond Park
Edinburgh's European hopes appear over after Sunday's defeat by Munster left last season's semi-finalists with no points from two Pool One fixtures.
Munster sealed the bonus point just as the match was entering stoppage-time when hooker Damien Varley got over for the fourth try in Limerick.
The earlier tries had come from scrum-half Conor Murray and forwards Peter O'Mahony and Sean Dougall.
Fly-half Ian Keatley kicked the other 13 points for the two-times winners.
Pool 1 fixtures Edinburgh 0-45 Saracens
Racing Metro 22-17 Munster
Saracens 30-13 Racing Metro
Munster 33-0- Edinburgh
8 Dec: Munster v Saracens
14 Dec: Edinburgh v Racing Metro
16 Dec: Saracens v Munster
11/12/13 Jan: Edinburgh v Munster
18/19/20 Jan: Munster v Racing Metro
It was Munster's first win of the campaign after an opening defeat by Racing Metro, and the emphatic result means Edinburgh have conceded 78 points and not scored any in their two matches.
There looks no way back for Michael Bradley's side in the competition now with this defeat coming a week after they were humiliated 45-0 by Saracens at Murrayfield.
The visitors were right in conention at the interval, trailing only to Keatley's two successful penalties from four attempts.
But scrum-half Murray's try, confirmed after lengthy consideration by television match official Geoff Warren, saw the Irish province pull away.
An alert Murray spotted a gap in the Edinburgh defence and just about made the line under the posts.
Another Keatley penalty made it 16-0 before three tries in the closing 10 minutes.
After a line-out, the Munster pack summoned a charging drive which carried O'Mahony over the line in the 71st minute and Keatley converted for 23-0.
The impressive Keatley almost added a try himself but was halted just short of the line. Flanker Dougall, however, was there in support and dived over for the third try.
The home fans roared the men in red on in the last few minutes and they snatched the extra point through Varley.
Munster: Hurley, Howlett, Laulala, Downey, Zebo, Keatley, Murray, Kilcoyne, Sherry, Botha, D. O'Callaghan, O'Connell, D. Ryan, Dougall, P O'Mahony.
Replacements: Jones for Howlett (65), Hanrahan for Downey (73), Horan for Kilcoyne (80), Varley for Sherry (63), Butler for D O'Callaghan (73), Holland for O'Connell (61).
Not used: Archer, Williams.
Edinburgh: Tonks, Jones, De Luca, Atiga, Brown, Hunter, Rees, Yapp, Ford, Cross, Gilchrist, Cox, Denton, McInally, Talei.
Replacements: Scott for Atiga (13), Fife for Hunter (64), Hislop for Yapp (76), Titterrell for Ford (76), Nel for Cross (41), McAlpine for Cox (75), Basilaia for Talei (52).
Not used: Leck.
Att: 21,000
Ref: Wayne Barnes (England).
Munster coach Rob Penney: "The bonus point could be very important. The critical thing is we have a couple of massive games pre-Christmas against Saracens.
"We are still masters of our own destiny in that regard. If we do well then we are still in the hunt, whether we get bonus points or not.
"The performance today probably wouldn't be good enough to beat Saracens. We still have lots and lots to do.
"The most pleasing thing about this win was the way the boys embraced their work and got into it, they were hurt after last week [against Racing Metro]. We still have a lot of improving [to do]. Our unforced error rate was far too high.
"Edinburgh were hurting as well and for the first half it was a competitive match. I felt we dominated territorially for large parts and controlled the fixture to that point, but we hadn't capitalised or got the rewards."
Edinburgh coach Michael Bradley: "At this stage you won't be saying 'no' to qualifying for the quarter-finals, if we win the last four games and get four bonus points and scrape in as the number eight qualifier, which is very unlikely.
"Losing your first two games and getting no points is a recipe for being out of the competition. You have to acknowledge that.
"We are not necessarily worried about winning the Heineken Cup or the Amlin Challenge Cup now, we are more worried about winning the next [league] match against the Scarlets at this stage." | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
How Do You Tell a Joke in Portland, Oregon? You Don't, You Asshole, How Dare You
After I got the early light, I was told I’d spoken some "trigger words." James The Stanton
As someone who tells jokes, I'm always amazed when an audience member loses it—lashes out in confused frustration, tells the comic onstage to eat a dick, and then storms off angrily. But we're just telling jokes up here, you think. We all sort of just agreed to come here tonight, voluntarily, to a comedy club.
At the same time, though, it's the public. They don't do comedy, they don't think about comedy, and they're not comics. Certainly I know that when in an art gallery, maybe the first thing to come to my mind is Oh right, I really do not understand art. But I don't hold it against the artists, nor do I go around ruining the afternoons of those around me. I simply look at the ladies and I enjoy the big walls, because I am a member of society.
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One night in Portland, though, about a year ago, it was a comic who didn't understand what was going on. At least this person was a purported comic, or someone holding themselves out to be a comic, or something. Never had a set of mine led to a posting the next day on a show's group or event page about redoubled efforts to book only feminists, not racists, no one homophobic, no one cruel, progressives, NICE PEOPLE.
Really, the jokes that I'd told had been time-tested and well-worn, loved by poets and painters, professors of law, Londoners and New Yorkers, no-good kids and thoughtful old folk from all ends of Newfoundland.
The night was also my introduction to both the idea and the phenomenon of the "safe space." Most spaces I'd performed in had been pretty safe I thought when accepting the gig. (And things had gone okay.) What I did not understand at the time was that "safe" was just some sort of neo-speak for whatever totalizing ideology.
Even today I can't truly wrap my head around the politics that I violated, nor can I say which joke in particular, if any, was the one to prompt the ultimate outrage. I was never told. What I did understand going in, though, was that most people in the crowd would most likely be female and queer. Okay, I thought to myself as a comic might, this is a good time for the female and queer material. If these are intelligent, good-willed, self-respecting individuals, then not only will they have the capacity to laugh at themselves, they will want to laugh at themselves. After all, to stand before a roomful of queer women and tell jokes on the subject of—say, for example—straight men is no more in good spirit than it is, in a roomful of straight men, to tell jokes about queer women. At best, those jokes that involve laughing at people who are not like you are comedically uninteresting, regressive, and intellectually stultifying. At worst, they are hateful, pernicious, and divisive. As a comic, that kind of material offends me. It's in those kinds of spaces that I feel most uncomfortable.
But, obviously, my comfort was not the issue.
Now, I'd been given an early light on previous occasions—when a set doesn't go well, they want you off, understandably—but on this particular night, the audience was really digging it. It was almost as if—oh, how might one say it—they'd previously not had that kind of comedy there?! Maybe the whole experience was... dare one say... kinda funny?
Yet I got the early light. I got it not only far earlier than ever before, but more unexpectedly too, given how much the crowd had been listening intently and laughing. Still, it's considered bad form to fight the light, and you get off when told, and so I did. After asking the person running the room what had happened, I was told that I had spoken some "trigger words." At the time, this was a turn of phrase totally new to me, though from the way the words were used, I came to sense it suggested something categorical, irredeemably other, almost magical.
Feeling totally unwelcome, my friend and I left to go lick our wounds and think things over.
The only time that I'd ever thought, "Oh, for fuck's sake, if only there'd been some sort of a comedy safe space," was when waking up to the news of the Charlie Hebdo massacre. I mean, if nothing else, clearly the killers had been given their own little worlds. (How else does one get those crazy ideas except, of course, through a "safe space" of their own making?)
Those unable to distinguish between misogynistic/racist/homophobic/cruel/NOT NICE PEOPLE jokes and jokes about misogyny etc. and jokes about misogynistic jokes etc. simply ought not to be telling jokes. But, of course, that's just what I believe.
Women who've miscarried have told me they love the miscarriage joke, while homos who've homoed have told me they love the homo joke. Needless to say, these are not bad people. To not tell these jokes would have been to infantilize them. To quote from just one of the handful of wholly retrograde, embarrassing obscenity trials (where only the most narrow-minded, upstanding of citizenry did their best to stop the publication of Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer, Allen Ginsberg's Howl, and other such filth): "A denial of freedom on the queasy grounds that men are not fit for freedom... is to say that the least of men shall dictate the diet of the rest."
Now, I travel all over telling jokes, and Portland is by all means a hip and happening town, and I almost love it. Of the comics I've met there, maybe 99 percent of them have been super cool, many even remembering and apologizing for that one night more than a whole year after the fact. Certainly, where I come from—those great cultural monoliths of Toronto and Montreal—we too have our problematic rooms. But not like Portland does. And, for that matter, not even like Seattle does. Maybe it's some sort of combination of temperate weather, relative affluence, and a remarkably homogenous demographic, but there simply is something about the Pacific Northwest (even you, Vancouver, if just a bit) that appears to lead to a kind of closing of the comedic mind or spirit.
On the other hand, for example, New Yorkers seem to have come to terms with anyone telling anyone just about anything—white, black, whatever—as they know all too well that they're in the shit together. And, as for your Anytowns, USA, it always just feels like they know not to take things—i.e., themselves—so seriously. No one's less queer, no one's less proud—they just get that it's comedy. They give the benefit of the doubt.
I may present as cruel, but I certainly don't identify.
David Heti is a stand-up comic, sort of. He teaches comedy writing at McGill University and, from time to time, does some stuff with a children's hospital in their bioethics department. His debut album, It Was OK, has been called "outlandishly harsh and thought-provoking" and can be found on Stand Up! Records. His podcast and more can be found at davidheti.com, and he tweets @davidheti. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Timeline of World War II (1942)
This is a timeline of events that occurred during World War II in 1942.
January
1: Twenty-six Allied countries signed the Declaration by United Nations during the Arcadia Conference.
2: Manila is captured by Japanese forces. They also take Cavite naval base, and the American and Filipino troops continue the retreat into Bataan.
5: The beginning of a major Red Army offensive under General Zhukov.
6: The British advance continues to El Agheila, on the western edge of Libya.
In his State of the Union speech, President Roosevelt promises more aid to Britain, including planes and troops.
7: The Soviet Winter counter-offensive comes to a halt, after having pushed the exhausted and freezing German Army back 62–155 mi from Moscow. 'Operation Barbarossa' had failed.
Siege of the Bataan Peninsula begins.
Heavy air attacks on Malta; it is estimated that the bomb tonnage dropped on the island is twice that dropped on London.
8: Japanese troops penetrated the outer lines of defense at Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
9: Japanese advances in Borneo met with little opposition.
10: Japan declares war on the Netherlands.
11: Japanese troops capture Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
Japan invades the Dutch East Indies.
13: The Red Army takes Kirov and Medya, as its counter-offensive continues.
The German U-boat offensive comes closer to the US shores starting the Second Happy Time.
15: German authorities begin to deport Jews from the Lodz ghettos to the Chelmno Concentration Camp.
19: Japanese forces take large numbers of British troops prisoner, north of Singapore.
20: Nazis at the Wannsee conference in Berlin decide that the "final solution to the Jewish problem" is relocation, and later extermination.
Japanese bomb Singapore as their troops approach the city.
21: Rommel's Afrika Korps begins a surprise counter-offensive at El Agheila; his troops, with new reinforcements and tanks, capture Agedabia, then push north to Beda Fomm.: At the Vilna Ghetto the Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye a Jewish partisan organisation is established, including Aba Kovner.
23: The Battle of Rabaul, on New Britain begins.
24: American troops land in Samoa, as part of a strategy to stop the Japanese advance in the Pacific.
25: Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.
Japanese troops invade the Solomon Islands.
26: The first American forces arrive in Europe landing in Northern Ireland.
27: The British withdraw all troops back into Singapore.
28: Brazil breaks off relations with the Axis powers.
29: Rommel's Afrika Korps recaptures Benghazi, Libya in his drive east. For the next few months, the two sides will rest and rearm.
30: Hitler speaks at the Berlin Sportpalast and threatens the Jews of the world with annihilation; he also blames the failure of the offensive in Soviet Union on the weather.
31: The Japanese take the port of Moulamein, Burma; they now threaten Rangoon as well as Singapore.
On the Eastern front, the Germans are in retreat at several points.
The last organised Allied forces leave Malaya, ending the 54-day battle.
February
1: Vidkun Quisling becomes the Nazi-aligned Minister-President of Norway
Rommel's forces reach El Gazala, Libya, near the border with Egypt; during a "Winter lull" he will remain there.
The United States Navy conducts the Marshalls-Gilberts raids attacking Jaluit, Mili, and Makin (Butaritari) islands as well as Kwajalein, Wotje, and Taroa.
2: General Joseph ("Vinegar Joe") Stilwell is named Chief of Staff to Chiang Kai-shek and Commander-in-Chief of the Allied forces in China.
3: Japanese air power conducts airstrikes against Java, especially the naval base at Surabaya.
Port Moresby, New Guinea is bombed by the Japanese, increasing the threat to Australia posed by Japan.
7: Americans continue their defence of Bataan against General Homma's troops.
9: British troops are now in full retreat into Singapore for a final defence.
Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.
10: The cruise liner catches fire and capsizes in New York harbour. Although the cause is probably a welder's torch, various conspiracies are imagined in the media.
11: The "Channel Dash" - The German battleships and , with the heavy cruiser , rush out of Brest through the English Channel to northern ports, including Wilhelmshaven, Germany; the British naval units fail to sink any of them.
is torpedoed by the Japanese submarine I-6 480 miles southwest of Pearl Harbor
13: The battle for Bataan continues.
15: Singapore surrenders to Japanese forces; this is arguably the most devastating loss in British military history.
16: Being discussed in high American government circles are plans for the internment of Japanese-Americans living generally in the western US.
The Japanese commit the Banka Island Massacre in which they open fire on Australian military nurses, killing 21.
17: Orders are given for Rangoon to be evacuated as Japanese forces approach.
19: Japanese aircraft attack Darwin, in Australia's Northern Territory.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066 allowing the United States military to define areas as exclusionary zones. These zones affect the Japanese on the West Coast, and Germans and Italians primarily on the East Coast.
A military conscription law is passed in Canada.
20: Japanese troops cross the important Salween River in Burma.
Japanese invade Bali and Timor by a combined use of paratroops and amphibious troops.
21: The American Air Corps is now firmly established at bases in the UK.
22: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur to evacuate the Philippines as American defence of the nation collapses.
25: The internment of Japanese-American citizens in the Western United States begins as fears of invasion increase.
Princess Elizabeth registers for war service.
26: Vivian Bullwinkel, the only survivor of the Banka Island Massacre, is captured and imprisoned by the Japanese.
27: Battle of the Java Sea - Under a Dutch Rear Admiral Karl Doorman, the combined forces lose 2 light cruisers and 3 destroyers.
is attacked by nine Japanese Betty bombers in the Java Sea, damaged and later scuttled to prevent capture.
28: Japanese land forces invade Java.
March
1: A Red Army offensive in the Crimea begins; in the north, the siege of Leningrad continues.
3: Japanese aircraft make a surprising raid on the airfield and harbour at Broome, Western Australia.
4: Japanese naval Operation K intended as a reconnaissance of Pearl Harbor and disruption of repair and salvage operations.
5: The Japanese capture Batavia, the capital of the Dutch East Indies.
New conscription laws in the United Kingdom include women and men up to the age of 45.
6: Malta receives more fighters for its on-going defence.
8: The Japanese land at Lae and Salamaua, on Huon Bay, New Guinea, beginning their move toward Port Moresby, New Guinea, and then Australia.
9: Japanese troops entered Rangoon, Burma, which was abandoned by the British two days earlier. It appears that the Japanese are in control of Java, Burma, and New Guinea.
The Secretary of War reorganizes the General Headquarters (GHQ), United States Army into three major commands - Army Ground Forces, Army Air Forces, and Services of Supply, the latter of which is later redesignated Army Service Forces. At the same time, the four Defense commands and all Theaters Of Operations (TOPNS) are subordinated to the War Department General Staff.
11: The Japanese land on Mindanao, the southernmost island in the Philippines.
12: American troops begin to land in Nouméa, New Caledonia; it will become an important staging base for the eventual invasion of Guadalcanal.
13: RAF launches an air raid against Essen, Germany.
14: Japanese land troops in the Solomon Islands, underscoring Australia's dangerous situation, especially if, as it is soon made clear, an airfield is built on Guadalcanal.
The Japanese are now threatening American forces around Manila Bay; the retreat to Corregidor begins.
17: U.S. General Douglas MacArthur arrives in Australia, after leaving his headquarters in the Philippines.
The United Kingdom institutes rationing of electricity, coal, and gas; the clothing ration is decreased as well.
20: Operation Outward begins, a program to attack Germany by means of free-flying balloons.
22: A fractured convoy reaches Malta, after heavy losses to the Luftwaffe and an Italian sea force. Continued heavy bombing attacks on the island with slight opposition from overtaxed RAF air forces.
25: RAF sends bomber raids against targets in France and Germany.
26: Jews in Berlin must now clearly identify their houses.
28: The RAF sends a raid against Lübeck, destroying over 30% of the city, and 80% of the medieval centre. Hitler is outraged.
British commandos launch Operation Chariot, a raid on the port at Saint Nazaire, France. , filled with explosives on a time-delay fuse, rams the dock gates and commandos destroy other parts of the naval service area. The port is completely destroyed and does not resume service till 1947; however, around two-thirds of the raiding forces are lost.
April
1: The Eastern Sea Frontier, desperately short on suitable escort vessels after the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, institutes an interim arrangement known as the "Bucket Brigaid," wherein vessels outside of protected harbors are placed in anchorages protected by netting after dark, and move only under whatever escort is available during the day. As word of this and similar measures reaches Dönitz, he does not wait to test their effectiveness, but instead shifts his U-boats to the area controlled by the Gulf Sea Frontier, where American anti-submarine measures are not as effective. As a result, in May more ships will be sunk in the Gulf, many of them off the Passes of the Mississippi, than off of the entire Eastern Seaboard.
The Pacific War Council meets for the first time in Washington. Intended to allow the smaller powers involved in fighting the Japanese to have some input into US decisions, its purpose is soon outstripped by events, notably the collapse of the ABDA Command.
2: Over 24,000 sick and starving troops (American and Filipino) are now trapped on the Bataan Peninsula.
Japanese make landings on New Guinea, most importantly at Hollandia.
3: Japanese forces begin an all-out assault on United States and Filipino troops in Bataan.
Sustained Japanese air attacks on Mandalay in Burma.
4: Germans plan "Baedeker raids" on touristy or historic British sites, in revenge for the Lübeck bombing.
5: On Bataan, the Japanese overwhelm Mt. Samat, a strong point on Allied defensive line.
The Japanese Navy attacks Colombo in Ceylon. Royal Navy heavy cruisers and are sunk southwest of the island.
Adolf Hitler issues Directive No. 41, outlining his plans for the coming summer offensive in Russia. The main offensive is directed to seize the Russian oil fields in the Caucasus; a secondary thrust is to capture Stalingrad and protect the flank of the main advance.
6: Japanese naval forces put troops ashore on Manus Island in the Bismarck Archipelago (some sources give a date of 8 April for these landings).
8: Heavy RAF bombing of Hamburg.
American forces are strained for one last offensive on Bataan.
With the withdrawal of from Malta, Force K in Malta comes to a close.
9: The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon; Royal Navy aircraft carrier and Royal Australian Navy destroyer are sunk off the country's east coast.
Bataan falls to the Japanese. The "Bataan Death March" begins, as the captives are taken off to detention camps in the north. Corregidor, in the middle of Manila Bay, remains a final point of resistance.
10: Japanese land on Cebu Island, a large middle island of the Philippines.
12: Japanese forces capture Migyaungye in Burma.
13: Anton Schmid an Austrian soldier of the Wehrmacht is put to death, after witnessing the Ponary Massacre and saving Jews.
14: Winston Churchill, concerned that the situation in Malta will cause the Axis forces in North Africa to be better supplied than British forces, sends a telegram to Sir Stafford Cripps in Cairo, asking him to pressure General Auchinleck to take offensive action before this can occur.
becomes the first American ship to sink a U-boat.
15: Malta is awarded the George Cross by King George VI for "heroism and devotion".
Soldiers of the I Burma Corps begin to destroy the infrastructure of the Yenangyaung oil fields to prevent the advancing Japanese from capturing them intact.
17: French General Henri Giraud, who was captured in 1940, escapes from a castle prison at Königstein by lowering himself down the castle wall and jumping on board a moving train, which takes him to the French border.
18: Doolittle Raid on Nagoya, Tokyo and Yokohama. Jimmy Doolittle's B-25s take off from . The raids are a great boost of morale for Americans whose diet has been mostly bad news.
The Eastern Sea Frontier, the United States Navy operational command in charge of the East Coast of the United States, somewhat belatedly forces a blackout along the East Coast. This deprives U-boat commanders of background illumination, but provides only a very little relief from U-boat attack; as the nights grow shorter more U-boat attacks are occurring in daylight hours.
20: General Dobbie, Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of Malta, sends a message to Winston Churchill saying "it is obvious that the very worst may happen if we cannot replenish our vital needs, especially flour and ammunition, and that very soon...." Churchill concludes from this and other "disturbing news" that Dobbie is not capable enough for such an important job, and decides to replace him with Lord Gort.
delivers 47 Spitfire Mk. V fighters of No. 603 Squadron RAF to Malta; the planes are destroyed, mostly on the ground, by intense Axis air raids before they can affect the course of battle.
23: Beginning of so-called Baedeker Raids by the Luftwaffe on English provincial towns like Exeter, Bath, Norwich, and York; attacks continue sporadically until June 6.
24: Heavy bombing of Rostock, Germany by RAF.
26: Hitler assumes a kind of supreme authority over Germany.
27: Rostock is bombed for fourth night in a row.
A national plebiscite is held in Canada on the issue of conscription. It passes in favor of conscription; French Canadians are the main, though not the only, objectors.
The finalized thirty-three page draft for the German Amerika Bomber trans-Atlantic range strategic bomber design competition is submitted to the RLM.
28: The bulk of the British assault troops depart Durban in South Africa for Madagascar; the slower ships, carrying transport and heavy weapons, have departed in great secrecy some days earlier.
29: The "Baedeker raids" continue, focused on Norwich and York.
Japanese cut Burma Road with the capture of Lashio in Burma.
Adolf Hitler summons Benito Mussolini and Galeazzo Ciano to a summit conference at Salzburg. Like most Hitlerian conferences, this one is actually a thinly-disguised attempt to harangue the invitees into compliance with the Fuehrer's will; in this case, the Italians are to commit more troops to the Eastern Front. Hitler is successful, and Mussolini agrees to send an additional seven divisions, as well as the two already promised. These unfortunate troops will be formed into the Eighth Italian Army and attached to von Bock's (later von Weichs's) Army Group B.
May
1: Rommel readies for a new offensive during the early part of this month.
Troops of the Japanese Fifteenth Army under General Shojiro Iida take Mandalay and Monywa, securing the western terminus of the Burma Road.
2: In response to American intelligence intercepts, which warn of the impending Japanese landings, the Australian garrison is evacuated from Tulagi.
3: In the initial move of the Japanese strategic plan to capture Port Moresby, Japanese forces under Admiral Kiyohide Shima make unopposed landings on Tulagi, opening the Battle of the Coral Sea.
American General Joseph Stilwell decides that nothing more can be accomplished in Burma, and that the time has come to evacuate.
4: US Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher's Task Force 17 makes the first carrier strike of the Battle of the Coral Sea, attacking Japanese naval targets near Tulagi.
Howell and his party of 114, mostly Americans, begin their trek to the Indian border and safety. To reach India, Stilwell will not only have to stay ahead of the Japanese, but beat the coming monsoon.
5: Heavy Japanese artillery attack on Corregidor.
British forces begin "Operation Ironclad": the invasion of Madagascar to keep the Vichy French territory from falling to a possible Japanese invasion.
The city of Exeter is bombed by the Luftwaffe, another "Baedeker Raid".
In the Coral Sea, both Japanese and American carrier aircraft spend this day and the following one searching for each other's ships, with no success, even though at one point the opposing carrier groups are separated by less than a hundred miles of ocean.
General Stilwell abandons his trucks, which constantly become stuck and so are actually impeding progress rather than aiding it. He retains his Jeeps, which do better. Late in the day his party arrives at Indaw.
6: On Corregidor, Lt. General Jonathan M. Wainwright surrenders the last U.S. forces in the Philippines to Lt. General Masaharu Homma. About 12,000 are made prisoners. Homma will soon face criticism from his superiors over the amount of time it has taken him to reduce the Philippines, and be forced into retirement (1943).
After a pep talk, General Stilwell and his party of 114 set out from Indaw on foot, with only 11 Jeeps to carry their supplies and any incapacitated, to reach the Indian border. He sends a last radio message which ends, "Catastrophe quite possible." The radio is then destroyed.
7: Vichy forces surrender Diego Suarez, the most important port in Madagascar, to British forces involved in Operation Ironclad. However, the Vichy forces are able to withdraw in good order.
In the Coral Sea, Japanese search planes spot refueling ship and destroyer , which have retired from Fletcher's Task Force 17 into what should have been safer waters to refuel Sims. They are mistaken for an aircraft carrier and a cruiser. Japanese Admiral Takagi, believing he has at last found the location of Fletcher's main force, orders a full out attack by carriers and and sinks both ships. This distraction helps prevent the Japanese from finding the real location of Fletcher's carriers. Meanwhile, Fletcher has a similar false alarm, the spotting of two cruisers and two destroyers being mistakenly encrypted as "two carriers and four cruisers." By chance, though, planes from and stumble across light carrier while pursuing the false lead and sink her, leading to the first use in the American Navy of the signal, "Scratch one flattop." Admiral Inoue is so alarmed by the loss of Shōhō he halts the Port Moresby invasion group north of the Louisiades until the American carriers can be found and destroyed.
In Burma, General Stilwell must abandon his Jeeps. From here on all in the party will have to march. The fifty-nine-year-old General decides a cadence of one hundred five beats per minute will best match the disparate abilities of his party, and they march fifty minutes and rest ten each hour.
8: In the Coral Sea, each side finally locates the other's main carrier groups, consisting of Japanese carriers Shōkaku and Zuikaku, and American carriers Lexington and Yorktown. Several attacks follow. Only Zuikaku escapes unscathed; Shōkaku has her flight deck bent, requiring two months' repairs; Lexington is sunk and Yorktown damaged. Fletcher retires; this action closes the Battle. While arguably a stalemate or even tactical victory for the Japanese, who have sunk the most tonnage and the only large carrier, the Battle of the Coral Sea is usually seen as a strategic victory for the United States, as Admiral Inoue cancels the Port Moresby operation, the first significant failure of a Japanese strategic operation in the Pacific Theatre. In addition, Yorktown will be repaired in time to make important contributions at Midway (although she will not survive), whereas neither the damaged Shōkaku nor Zuikaku (which, although not directly attacked, has suffered unsustainable losses in aircraft), will be able to refit in time for Midway, giving the Japanese only four operable carriers available for that battle.
The Germans take the Kerch peninsula in the eastern Crimea.
9: On the night of 8/9 May 1942, gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands rebelled. Their mutiny was crushed and three of them were executed, the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War.
and deliver a second contingent of Spitfires to Malta in Operation Bowery. A few days later, a grateful Churchill will signal Wasp "Who says a Wasp can't sting twice?" These aircraft, employed more aggressively than those previously delivered, turn the tide in the skies over Malta during the next few days, and the Axis is forced to abandon daylight bombing. This is a major turning point in the Siege, and thus in the North African Campaign, although the approaches to the island remain subject to deadly and accurate Axis air attack, preventing efficient re-supply of the island.
In Burma, General Stilwell and his party begin crossing the Uyu River. Only four small rafts are available, and the crossing takes the better part of two days.
10: Unaware that the tide is turning even as he speaks, Kesselring informs Hitler that Malta has been neutralized.
Churchill, growing ever more frustrated with General Auchinleck's inactivity, finally sends him a telegram with a clear order; attack in time to cover for the Harpoon/Vigorous convoys to Malta during the dark of the moon in early June. This places Auchinleck in the position of complying or resigning. Auchinleck does not immediately reply, leaving Churchill, CIGS, and the War Cabinet in a state of suspense.
12: , commanded by Kapitänleutnant Karl Thurmann, sinks British freighter Nicoya near the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, signalling the opening of the Battle of St. Lawrence.
Second Battle of Kharkov – In the eastern Ukraine, Soviet forces of Marshal Timoshenko's Southwest Theatre of Operations, including Gorodnyanski's 6th Army and Kharitonov's 9th Army, initiate a major offensive to capture Kharkov from the Germans. 9th Army is to attack first, with a primary objective of Krasnograd, and a secondary one of Poltava; 6th Army is to follow immediately. After 9th Army has captured Krasnograd, 6th Army is to swing north and link up with 28th Army and 57th Army, the latter two formations having meanwhile cut the railway between Belgorad and Kharkov.
The 33-page Amerika Bomber trans-Atlantic strategic bomber design competition proposal document makes it to Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering's offices, with ten copies printed — six of these were sent to the Luftwaffe, and four held in reserve.
13: General Stilwell and his party cross the Chindwin River. They are now almost certainly safe from the Japanese, but still dependent on their own supplies in a very remote area and racing to beat the monsoon.
14: In response to the Soviet offensive in the Kharkov area, Hitler orders elements of Richthofen's Fliegerkorps VIII north to do ground support missions. As a result, by the end of the day 14 May, the Germans have established a tentative but increasing air superiority over the Kharkov sector. In addition, on this day Hitler orders General Kleist, whose command is in positions opposite and to the south of the Soviets' left flank, to quickly prepare and launch a strong armoured counter-offensive.
In Burma, General Stilwell and his party begin ascending the Naga Hills. They are met at Kawlum by a relief expedition headed by British colonial administrator Tim Sharpe. "Food, doctor, ponies, and everything," notes a grateful Stilwell in his diary.
15: In the United States, a bill creating the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) is signed into law.
General Stilwell crosses the border into India.
16: United States 1st Armored Division arrives in Northern Ireland.
17: In the salient north of Kharkov, Russian 28th and 57th Armies are having trouble making progress against General Paulus's (German) 6th Army.
For once, Adolf Hitler has not hobbled his local commander with a strict "no retreat" order, and Paulus is free to conduct an efficient delaying action. In addition, Paulus' troops are largely up to strength and fully equipped as a result of preparations for the upcoming drive to Stalingrad. In the south salient, Kharitonov's 9th Army has routed the Romanian (3rd and/or 4th Army; accounts differ) troops in his path and captured Krasnograd, and is proceeding to Poltava; Gorodnyanski's 6th Army has made its planned turn to the north to link up with 28th and 57th Armies. 9th Army's impetus has stretched Kharitonov's armoured units out along a seventy-mile track, diluting their strength; and attempts to cover his left flank by driving the Germans back from it have been unsuccessful. The Russians take only a few prisoners along this flank, but Timoshenko is dismayed by the variety of units, especially armoured units, this handful of men represent (this is because Kleist is concentrating troops in this area in preparation for his counter-offensive). Timoshenko loses confidence and has his Political Officer Nikita Khrushchev ring up the Stavka and ask for permission to halt while he secures his left flank; Stavka refuses.
It has been a week since Churchill sent his ultimatum to General Auchinleck, and he has not yet received a reply. He sends a terse follow-up: "It is necessary for me to have some account of your general intentions in light of our recent telegrams." Again there is no immediate reply.
18: The Red Army is in a major retreat at Kerch, after large numbers surrender.
In the salient north of Kharkov, the Soviet offensive has bogged down. In the southern salient, Kleist has launched his counter-offensive. It is immediately successful and by the end of the first day the leading elements have reached the confluence of the Oksol and Donetz rivers, greatly narrowing the base of the salient. In the process the Germans traverse and disrupt so many lines of communication that Kharitonov's 9th Army begins to lose cohesion as a fighting force, and becomes useless as a screen to protect Gorodnyanski's 6th Army which, because of its northward progress, is badly disposed to repel the German attacks coming from the south.
The Assam Rifles give General Stilwell's party a formal salute in honor of their arrival at Ukhrul, but can offer no motorized transport; the nearest road passable by trucks is still a day's march away, and there are no Jeeps yet in this part of India.
19: At Kharkov, Kleist's counter-offensive continues to prosper; and now Paulus launches a second counter-attack from the north, designed to link up with Kleist's and encircle as many Soviet troops as possible. The Stavka, gradually becoming aware of the extent of the danger, orders Gorodnyanski's 6th Army to halt their advance. But by now Timoshenko is planning to extricate what forces he can before the two German spearheads link up.
General Stilwell and his party at last reach the truck roadhead at Litan; by this time the monsoon rains have started.
General Auchinleck at last replies to Churchill's somewhat urgent telegram of the 10th, saying he will have an attack ready by the sailing of the Harpoon/Vigorous convoys for Malta.
20: The Japanese conquest of Burma is complete; it is called a "military catastrophe". Coincidentally, on this same day General Stilwell arrives in Imphal and dismisses his evacuation party. All 114 have arrived, although some have to be hospitalized due to exhaustion; one of whom, Major Frank Merrill, later commander of Merrill's Marauders, is diagnosed to have had a mild heart attack en route.
At Kharkov, as Kleist's and Paulus' forward elements draw ever closer together, Timoshenko sends his subordinate General Kostenko into the salient to organize a fighting retreat, or, failing that, maximize what can be saved.
Molotov arrives in London, and high-level discussions begin the next day.
21: Invasion of Malta postponed indefinitely.
In discussions with Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden, Molotov continues to press Soviet demands for territorial acquisitions made during the run-up to war, including the Baltic states, Eastern Poland, and Bessarabia. Churchill cannot or will not agree to these demands, and the talks become deadlocked.
22: Mexico declares war on the Axis.
23: Kleist's and Paulus' tanks meet up at Balakleya, southeast of Kharkov, encircling most of the Soviets' 6th and 9th Armies.
At the high-level Soviet/United Kingdom talks in London, Anthony Eden suggests abandoning attempts to reach territorial understandings, and instead conclude a twenty-years' alliance. Molotov, whose diplomatic position is weakening rapidly as the Soviet military situation deteriorates at Kerch and Kharkov, expresses interest.
25: In preparation for the next battle, the Japanese naval strategists send diversionary forces to the Aleutians.
26: The Anglo-Soviet Treaty: their foreign secretaries agree that no peace will be signed by one without the approval of the other. (An important treaty since Himmler and others will attempt to separate the two nations at the end of the war.)
Rommel begins a Spring offensive at the Gazala line (west of Tobruk). It opens with "Rommel's Moonlight Ride," a dramatic mechanized dash around 1st Free French Brigade Group positions at Bir Hakeim on the British left (desertward) flank, conducted by moonlight during the night of 26/27 May. In the process Rommel disperses 3rd Indian Motorized Brigade, some six hundred of whom are taken prisoner and then released in the desert, and who will make their way to Bir Hakeim. The offensive lasts well into June and ends with a total victory for Rommel.
The Free French land on Wallis and Futuna and get rid of the pro-Vichy government there.
27: Reinhard Heydrich, head of Reich Security, is fatally hurt in Prague during Operation Anthropoid by Czechoslovak soldiers; he will die on June 4 from his wounds.
British use American Sherman tanks in attempts to stop Rommel's attacks on the Gazala line.
, damaged at the Coral Sea, limps into Pearl Harbor; it is ordered to get repaired and ready as fast as possible for the impending battle.
In occupied Belgium, wearing of the "yellow badge" becomes compulsory for Jews.
29: The Jews in France are ordered to wear the yellow Star of David.
Japanese forces have large successes south of Shanghai.
Rommel turns his troops to Bir Hachim on the south edge of the Gazala line; once it is taken, he can move north and destroy the Allied emplacements in the line.
30: "The Thousand Bomber Raid" on Cologne, revealing new area bombing techniques.
leaves Pearl after hasty repairs and moves to join for the next expected battle.
31: Huge German successes around Kharkov, with envelopment of several Red Army armies.
Japanese midget subs enter Sydney harbour and sink one support ship; fears of invasion grow.
So effective has been the use of the Spitfires delivered to Malta in Operation Bowery earlier in the month, that Kesselring has only eighty-three serviceable aircraft left, as opposed to more than four hundred at the peak of Axis air strength earlier in the spring.
Rommel's offensive has stalled out well short of Tobruk, due to resistance by British 1st Armoured Division and 7th Armoured Division, partially equipped with the new American Sherman tanks. He is also confronted by a long supply line, which must reach around and is under constant threat from the 1st Free French Brigade Group position at Bir Hakeim. He orders two lanes cut through the British minefields which run from Gazala to Bir Hakeim, on either side of fortified positions held by the 150th Brigade of British 50th Infantry Division. He then gathers the bulk of his forces near the outlets of these two lanes, completing the process on the 31st. These tactics serve the triple purpose of shortening his supply line, encircling 150th Brigade, and allowing him to use the British minefields as part of his defences. The area of concentration, promptly nicknamed "the Cauldron" by British Command, will be the focus of the battle for the next few days.
June
1: First reports in the West that gas is being used to kill the Jews sent to "the East".
To further secure his supply lines, Rommel launches an attack on 150th Brigade of British 50th Infantry Division, whose position he has surrounded. Since he is attacking from the east against a position designed to defend against attacks from the west, and since there is scant hope of relief, there is little 150th Brigade can do and they are soon overwhelmed.
2: Further heavy bombing of industrial sites in Germany, centred mainly on Essen.
3: The British coal industry is nationalised.
Japan launches air raids against Alaska in the Battle of Dutch Harbor, beginning the Aleutian Islands Campaign.
The Battle of Midway opens with ineffective attacks by land-based American B-17s on the approaching Japanese fleet. Admiral Nagumo, in charge of the Japanese carrier force (, , , and ) is unable to locate any American aircraft carriers and decides to attack Midway's land-based air defences the first thing the next morning, which in any event is one of his planned tasks.
4: In the Battle of Midway, the day opens with Admiral Nagumo's attack on the air defences of the island.
A good deal of damage is done and many aircraft destroyed on both sides, but in the end the island's airbase is still functional. Nagumo plans a second attack on the island, and begins refueling and rearming his planes. Meanwhile, attacks are launched from all three American aircraft carriers in the area. Planes from , , and all find the targets, although most of the planes from Hornet follow an incorrect heading and miss this attack. Torpedo Squadron 8 from Hornet breaks and follows the correct heading. The Devastators of "Torp 8" are all shot down without doing any damage; there is only one survivor, George H. Gay, Jr. of Waco, Texas, who watches the battle unfold from the water. The torpedo attack fails, but draws the Japanese Combat Air Patrol down to low altitude, and they are unable to effectively repel the dive bombers from Yorktown and Enterprise when they arrive. The bombs find the Japanese flight decks crowded with fueling lines and explosive ordnance, and Akagi, Kaga, and Soryu are all soon reduced to blazing hulks, Akagi hit by only one bomb dropped by Lt. Commander Richard Halsey Best; only Hiryu escapes with no hits. Admiral Nagumo shifts his flag from Akagi to another ship, the cruiser , and orders attacks on the American carriers, one by a group of Aichi D3A dive bombers and a second by Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers. The Japanese planes find Yorktown (thinking Yorktown already sunk, the second attack group assume it must be Enterprise) and damage it so badly that Yorktown must be abandoned. Admiral Fetcher shifts his flag to cruiser and cedes operational command to Admiral Spruance. The attacks on Yorktown give away Hiryu continued operations, though, and it is promptly attacked and will sink the next day, Admiral Yamaguchi choosing to go down with it. Of note, Hiryu and the other three destroyed Japanese carriers had participated in the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Reinhard Heydrich, a key architect of the Holocaust, dies in Prague from medical complications that had arisen from injuries suffered from an attempted assassination by Czechoslovak patriots one week earlier. (Operation Anthropoid)
5: At Gazala, British forces of the Eighth Army commanded by General Ritchie launch a major counter-attack against Rommel's forces in the Cauldron. The attack fails, partly because Rommel has already recovered his critical logistics situation and has established an excellent defensive position, but also in large part due to German anti-tank tactics; 32nd Army Tank Brigade, for example, loses 50 of 70 tanks. By early afternoon Rommel is clearly in control of the situation and attacks the British position known as "Knightsbridge" with the Ariete and 21st Panzer divisions. Several British tactical headquarters positions are overrun and command and control of the British forces becomes problematic; as a result, several brigades are stranded in the Cauldron when the British retirement begins. In addition, the British suffer further heavy tank losses.
United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania.
7: Japanese forces invade Attu and Kiska. This is the first invasion of American soil in 128 years. Japanese occupation of Attu and Kiska begins.
The Battle of Midway comes to a close; USS Yorktown sinks; four Japanese carriers and one cruiser are sunk. The battle is viewed as a turning point in the Pacific war.
The Greek People's Liberation Army makes its first appearance at Domnista, where Aris Velouchiotis proclaims the start of armed resistance against the Axis.
8: Malta receives a squadron of Spitfires.
A Japanese submarine fires several shells into a residential area in Sydney but with little effect.
9: At Bir Hakeim, Rommel renews his attacks on the 1st Free French Brigade's "box." Although the Free French continue to hold out, their perimeter, never the largest, is dangerously reduced in size, and their position becomes untenable. General Ritchie orders 1st Free French Brigade to withdraw the following day.
10: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice as reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich. All male adults and children are killed, and all females are taken off to concentration camps.
Rommel pushes the Free French forces out of Bir Hakeim, a fortress south-west of Tobruk. Although the 1st Free French brigade is largely surrounded, their commander, General Koenig, is able to find and fight his way through gaps in Rommel's widely dispersed forces.
11: Two convoys set out for Malta, one from Gibraltar (code named 'Harpoon') and the other from Alexandria (code named 'Vigorous'), with desperately needed supplies of food, fuel, and ammunition. The hope is that the Axis will concentrate their attacks on whichever convoy they find first, allowing the other one to get through.
12: Heavy fighting in Sevastopol with serious losses of life on both sides.
At Gazala, the British are forced out of the defensive position known as 'Knightsbridge;' it is only approximately fifteen miles from the Tobruk perimeter (some sources give a date of 13 June for this; the withdrawal may have been in operation on both calendar days).
13: The United States opens its Office of War Information, a centre for production of propaganda.
'Black Saturday' for the 8th Army at the Battle of Gazala; during the course of the day Rommel does great damage to the British armour. At the end of the day not only have unsustainably large amounts of British armour been destroyed, but both 50th Division and 1st South African Division, who have largely retained their forward positions along the Gazala Line, are threatened with envelopment. The position of 50th Division is especially grave since Rommel's armour now ranges freely between them and safety.
14: At the Gazala Line, the British position has become untenable, and General Auchinleck authorizes General Ritchie to make a concerted withdrawal from forward positions along the line.
1st South African Division is able to withdraw along the coastal road, but the road cannot accommodate all the troops at once, and this route is in any event is under threat of being cut by Rommel's forces; so troops including 50th Division must first breakout to the southwest, through the area occupied by Italian X Corps, and then turn east to rejoin 8th Army. This somewhat daring operation is concluded successfully. The RAF forces available, although outnumbered, make a valiant effort to cover the retreat. Churchill sends Auchinleck a telegram beginning, 'To what position does Ritchie want to withdraw the Gazala troops? Presume there is no question in any case of giving up Tobruk.'
The convoy 'Vigorous', en route to Malta, sights a large Italian naval squadron headed toward it. 'Harpoon' comes under attack for the first time; 'Vigorous' has been under air attack almost since leaving port.
15: General Auchinleck sends Churchill a reply to the latter's telegram of the 14th, saying in part, "...I have no intention whatever of giving up Tobruk."
16: Two convoys moving toward Malta suffer heavy losses; German air forces continue to bomb the island itself. Operation Harpoon arrives in Malta, but only two of the six supply ships survive; one of them has lost part of its cargo due to mine damage. The sinking of the tanker Kentucky means that there will be precious little aviation fuel added to the dwindling RAF stocks on Malta. Late in the day, Operation Vigorous is cancelled; the convoy diverts back to Alexandria.
Churchill, about to leave for America, takes the unusual step of sending a letter to King George VI, advising him to make Anthony Eden Prime Minister should Churchill not survive the journey.
17: Tobruk is now surrounded.
18: Manhattan Project is started, the beginning of a scientific approach to nuclear weapons.
Winston Churchill arrives in Washington for meetings with Roosevelt.
The siege of Tobruk intensifies; some defending forces are pulled back to Egypt.
21: Afrika Korps recaptures Tobruk, with 35,000 men captured; the road to Egypt is now open as the British retreat deep into Egypt. Tobruk's loss is a grievous blow to British morale. German land forces have been assisted by Luftwaffe attacks.
24: General Dwight D. Eisenhower arrives in London ready to assume the post of Commander of American forces in Europe.
25: Another massive British "Thousand Bomber" raid, this time on Bremen; the raiders suffer grievous losses.
26: The Germans drive toward Rostov-on-Don.
27: Convoy PQ 17 sets sail from Iceland; only 11 of 37 ships will survive.
28: Case Blue, the German plan to capture Stalingrad and the Soviet Union oil fields in the Caucasus, begins. Generally, forces are shifted to the South.
Mersa Matruh, Egypt, about 140 miles from Alexandria, falls to Rommel.
30: United States deploys II Corps to the European Theater.
July
1: First Battle of El Alamein begins as Rommel begins first assault on British defences.
Sevastopol falls to the Germans; the end of Red Army resistance in the Crimea.
2: Churchill survives a censure motion in the House of Commons.
3: Guadalcanal is now firmly in the hands of the Japanese.
4: First air missions by the United States Army Air Forces in Europe.
11: Rommel's forces are now stalemated before El Alamein, largely because of a lack of ammunition.
12: It now becomes clear that Stalingrad is the largest challenge to the invaders.
A balloon from Operation Outward knocks out a power station near Leipzig.
15: The only action around El Alamein is light skirmishing.
16: Vel' d'Hiv Roundup: On order from the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers mass arrest 13,152 Jews and hold them at the Winter Velodrome before deportation to Auschwitz.
18: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 V3 third prototype using only its jet engines for the first time.
19: Battle of the Atlantic: German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to an increasingly effective American convoy system.
20: After landing in the Buna-Gona area, the Japanese in New Guinea move across the Owen Stanley mountain range aiming at Port Moresby in the south-eastern part of the island, close to Australia; a small Australian force begins rearguard action on the Kokoda Track.
22: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.: Treblinka II, "a model" extermination camp, is opened in Poland.
24: Germans take Rostov-on-the-Don; the Red Army is in a general retreat along the Don River.
26: A second attack by the British under Auchinleck fails against Rommel. First Battle of El Alamein may be said to be over.
27: Heavy RAF incendiary attack on Hamburg.
29: The Japanese take Kokoda, halfway along the Owen Stanley pass to Port Moresby.
30: Continuing stalemate at El Alamein between Rommel and Auchinleck.
August
1: The Germans continue their successful advance toward Stalingrad.
3: A convoy to Malta is decimated by the Luftwaffe and U-boats.
5: The U.S. planning team for Operation Torch, which includes George S. Patton; Jimmy Doolittle; Kent Lambert; and Hoyt S. Vandenberg, meets in Washington, D.C. to join the combined planning team from London, England.: Henrik Hersch Goldschmidt aka Janusz Korczak and almost 200 children of his orphanage, along with his staff, are led to the Treblinka II death camp, and killed there that day, probably with gas.
7: Operation Watchtower begins the Guadalcanal Campaign as American forces invade Gavutu, Guadalcanal, Tulagi and Tanambogo in the Solomon Islands.
8: Six of the eight German would-be saboteurs involved in Operation Pastorius are executed in Washington, D.C.
The naval Battle of Savo Island, near Guadalcanal; the Americans lose three cruisers, the Australians one.
9: Numerous riots in favour of independence in India; Mahatma Gandhi is arrested.
10: Rommel begins an attack around El Alamein, but by September he is back to his original lines.
11: , a carrier on convoy duty to Malta, is torpedoed and sinks with heavy loss of life.
12: At a conference in Moscow, Churchill informs Stalin that there will not be a "second front" in 1942.
American forces establish bases in the New Hebrides islands.
Fighting increases as the Germans approach Stalingrad.
13: General Bernard Montgomery appointed commander of the Eighth Army, which encompassed Allied ground forces in Egypt and Libya; Churchill is anxious to see more offensive action on the part of the Allies in North Africa.
Disastrous end to the Malta convoy, but one tanker and four merchant ships get through.
15: Malta is supplied via Operation Pedestal.
17: First US Army Air Forces B-17 heavy bomber raid in Europe, targeting the Sotteville railroad yards at Rouen, France.
18: In New Guinea, both Japanese and Australian reinforcements arrive.
19: Operation Jubilee, a raid by British and Canadian forces on Dieppe, France, ends in disaster; they come under heavy gunfire and eventually most are killed or captured by the German defenders.
20: Henderson Field on Guadalcanal receives its first American fighter planes.
21: Japanese counter-attack at Henderson Field; in another foray at the Tenaru (or Ilu) River, many Japanese are killed in a banzai charge.
22: Brazil declares war on the Axis countries, partly in response to numerous riots by a populace angry at the sinking of Brazilian ships.
Massacre of Jews at Stanislau, Poland (later Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine): in what the Nazi authorities describe as a "reprisal action", 1,000 Jews are shot, including women and girls who are raped beforehand at Gestapo headquarters; the head of the Judenrat(Mordechai Goldstein) is hanged publicly, along with 20 members of the Jewish police.
23: Massive German air raid on Stalingrad.
24: The naval battle of the Eastern Solomons; USS Enterprise is badly damaged and the Japanese lose one light carrier, Ryujo.
26: Battle of Milne Bay begins: Japanese forces land and launch a full-scale assault on Australian base near the eastern tip of New Guinea.
27: Marshal Georgii Zhukov is appointed to the command of the Stalingrad defence; the Luftwaffe is now delivering heavy strikes on the city.
28: Incendiary bombs dropped by a Japanese seaplane cause a forest fire in Oregon.
30: The Battle of Alam Halfa, a few miles south of El Alamein begins. This will be Rommel's last attempt to break through the Allied lines in Egypt; the air superiority of the Desert Air Force will play a significant role for the Allies.
Luxembourg is formally annexed to the German Reich.
31: Start of the 1942 Luxembourgish general strike against conscription.
September
1: US Navy Construction Battalion personnel, Seabees, began to arrive at Guadalcanal.
3: The Battle of Stalingrad proper may be said to have begun on this date, with German troops in the suburbs; even civilian men and boys are conscripted by the Red Army to assist in the defence.
4: Irish Republican Army riots occur in Belfast during the night.
Manhattan Engineering District is formally created, full-effort production of the atomic bomb is begun.
Chief of State of Vichy France Philippe Pétain and Prime Minister Pierre Laval create what will become the Service du travail obligatoire (STO).
5: Australian and U.S. forces defeat Japanese forces at Milne Bay, Papua, the first outright defeat for Japanese land forces in the Pacific War. Their evacuation and the failure to establish an airbase eases the threat to Australia.
6: The Black Sea port of Novorossiysk is taken by the Germans.
9: A Japanese plane drops more incendiaries on Oregon, but with little effect.
10: RAF blasts Düsseldorf with large incendiary bombing.
12: , carrying civilians, Allied soldiers, and Italian POWs, is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks.
SS commander Brandt orders 3,000–4,000 Stanislau Jews deported to the Belzec death camp on Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year holiday, and they were killed there that day.
12–14: American troops push back the Japanese in the Battle of Edson's Ridge.
13: The Battle for Stalingrad continues; it is now totally surrounded by the Germans. On the Soviet Union side General Vasily Chuikov is put in charge of the defence.
14: The Japanese retreat again from Henderson Field, Guadalcanal.
The Japanese are now within 30 miles of Port Moresby, New Guinea, on the Kokoda trail.
Continued convoy losses in the Atlantic.
15: Americans send troops to Port Moresby as reinforcements for the Australian defenders.
Light carrier is sunk by a Japanese submarine off Guadalcanal.
18: Battle of the "grain silo" in Stalingrad; the Germans are beaten back. The Red Army begins ferrying troops across the Volga at night.
19: Allied attack on Jalo, Libya is repulsed by Germans.
20: RAF bombs Munich and Saarbrücken.
The Greek Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths blows up the offices of the pro-Nazi National-Socialist Patriotic Organisation in central Athens, thwarting attempts to raise a Greek volunteer legion for the Eastern Front.
23: General Rommel leaves North Africa for medical treatment in Germany.
23–27: In the Third Battle of Matanikau River, Guadalcanal, Japanese naval bombardment and landing forces nearly destroy Henderson Field in an attempt to take it, but the land forces are soon driven back.
24: United States of America deploys the I Corps to the Pacific Theater.
28: The Japanese continue their retreat back down the Kokoda Track in New Guinea.
30: The Eagle Squadron (American volunteers in the RAF) are officially transferred to the US Army Air Force.
Hitler speaks to the nation and boasts that Stalingrad will be taken.
October
3: First successful launch of A4-rocket at Peenemünde, Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometres wide and reaches a height of 84.5 kilometres and is therefore the first man-made object reaching space.
4: British Commandos raid Sark, a Channel Island, capturing one German soldier.
6: By mutual arrangement, the Allies agree on a strategy whereby Americans will bomb in the daytime and the RAF at night.
7: Third Battle of the Matanikau.
11: Battle of Cape Esperance.
On the Northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island. With the help of radar they sink one cruiser and several Japanese destroyers.
12: The Red Army methods of ferrying troops across the Volga and into Stalingrad directly seems to be a success, as the German advance comes to a halt.
The US 100th Infantry Battalion, a force of over 1,400 predominantly Nisei became active.
13: Heavy bombardment of Henderson Field, Guadalcanal by the Japanese navy.
14: A German U-boat sinks the ferry , killing 137.
18: Hitler issues Commando Order, ordering all captured commandos to be executed immediately.
Admiral William "Bull" Halsey is given command of the South Pacific naval forces.
21: Heavy RAF activity over El Alamein.
22: Conscription age in Britain reduced to 18.
American General Mark Clark secretly lands in Algeria to confer with Vichy officials and Resistance groups in preparation for impending Allied invasion.
23: Second Battle of El Alamein begins with massive Allied bombardment of German positions. Then Australian forces, mainly, begin advance while offshore British naval forces support the right flank (n.b. the ongoing concurrent victories being prepared at Guadalcanal and Stalingrad).
23: Battle for Henderson Field
24: US Navy Task Force 34, consisting of aircraft carriers, a variety of support ships, including troop ships and other vessels, set sail from Hampton Roads, Virginia with Patton's forces for Operation Torch, the landing in North Africa. The other two task forces of Operation Torch, the first American-led force to fight in the European and African theatres of war, depart Britain for Morocco.
Crisis at El Alamein: British tanks survive German 88 mm fire; Montgomery orders the advance to continue despite losses.
25: Rommel hurriedly returns from his sickbed in Germany to take charge of the African battle. (His replacement, General Stumme, had died of a heart attack).
The Japanese continue their attacks on the Marines west of Henderson Field.
26: The naval Battle of Santa Cruz. The Japanese lose many aircraft and have two aircraft carriers severely damaged. is sunk and is damaged.
29: The Japanese continue to send troops as reinforcements into Guadalcanal.
In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.
United States 1st Armored Division moves from Northern Ireland to England.
31: The British make a critical breakthrough with tanks west of El Alamein; Rommel's mine fields fail to stop the Allied armour.
November
1: Operation Supercharge, the Allied breakout at El Alamein, begins.
The Americans begin the Matanikau Offensive against the Japanese
3: Second Battle of El Alamein ends - German forces under Erwin Rommel are forced to retreat during the night.
American victory over the Japanese in the Koli Point action
5: German III Panzer Corps and Romanian 2nd Mountain Division capture the town of Alagir, which is the furthest south the Axis would reach on the Eastern Front.
6: Carlson's Patrol begins.
8: Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of Vichy-controlled Morocco and Algeria, begins.
French resistance coup in Algiers, consisting of about 400 fighters neutralise the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), contributing significantly to the immediate success of the operation.
The United States Combat Command "B" of the 1st Armored Division lands east and west of Oran as part of Operation Torch.
10: In violation of a 1940 armistice, Germany invades Vichy France; they are responding to the fact that French Admiral François Darlan has signed an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.
Oran, Algeria falls to US troops; 17 French ships are sunk at Oran, causing a rift between the French and the Allies. There are more Allied landings near the Tunisian border.
Montgomery begins a major British offensive beginning at Sollum on the Libya/Egypt border. The British reach Bardia on the 11th, Tobruk on the 12th, and Benghazi on the 18th.
Lieutenant General Montgomery is knighted and made a full General.
Churchill speaks: "This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning."
11: Convoys reach Malta from Alexandria; an official announcement proclaims that the island is "relieved of its siege".
12: Battle of Guadalcanal - A climactic naval battle near Guadalcanal starts between Japanese and American naval forces.
The Red Army makes an attempt to relieve Stalingrad at Kotelnikov.
13: British Eighth Army recaptures Tobruk.
Battle of Guadalcanal: aviators from sink the . Notably, is sunk with much of its crew, including the five Sullivan brothers.
14: attacks the ; the Japanese ship would capsize at 03:25 on the morning of 15 November.
15: The naval battle of Guadalcanal ends. Although the United States Navy suffers heavy losses, it still retains control of the sea around Guadalcanal.
The British move westward in Tunisia.
British Eighth Army recaptures Derna.
17: Japanese send reinforcements into New Guinea; Americans are stymied at Buna.
18: Heavy British RAF raid on Berlin with few losses.
19: At Stalingrad the Soviet Union forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch Operation Uranus aimed at encircling the Germans in the city and thus turning the tide of battle in the USSR's favor.
20: The Allies take Benghazi, Libya; the Afrika Corps continues the retreat westward.
21: The Red Army attempt at encirclement of Stalingrad continues with obvious success.
American army moves to shove Japanese off the extreme western end of Guadalcanal.
22: Battle of Stalingrad: The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack; General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th Army is surrounded.
Red Army troops complete the encirclement of the Germans at Kalach, west of Stalingrad.
23: "Der Kessel"-- the Cauldron, a description of the heavy fighting at Stalingrad; Hitler orders General Paulus not to retreat, at any cost.
25: The encirclement of Stalingrad continues to stabilise. Hitler reiterates his demand of Paulus not to surrender.
Operation Harling: a team of British SOE agents, together with over 200 Greek guerrillas from both ELAS and EDES groups, blow up the Gorgopotamos railway bridge, in one of the war's biggest sabotage acts.
26: Hostilities erupt between the American and Australian soldiers in Brisbane. Fighting breaks out which results in fatalities, it is dubbed the Battle of Brisbane.
27: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships (most notably Dunkerque and Strasbourg) and submarines to keep them out of German hands; the French have declined another option – to join the Allied fleets in North African waters.
29: The Allied offensive in Tunisia meets with only minimum success.
30: The naval Battle of Tassafaronga (off Guadalcanal); this is a night action in which Japanese naval forces sink one American cruiser and damage three others.
The Free French liberate the island of Réunion on the Indian Ocean from the Vichy regime.
December
1: Gasoline rationing begins in the United States.
The US cruiser is sunk as Japanese destroyers attempt to come down "the Slot" to Guadalcanal.
2: Heavy fighting in Tunisia, as German forces are pushed into the final North African corner.
Below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, a team led by Enrico Fermi initiate the first nuclear chain reaction. A coded message, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world" is sent to President Roosevelt.
4: The first US bombing of mainland Italy --Naples.
Carlson's patrol ends.
6: RAF bombs Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
7: On the anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack, , America's largest battleship is launched (commissioned five months later).
British commandos conduct Operation Frankton a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour.
9: The Marines turn over Guadalcanal to the American army.
12: Rommel abandons El Agheila and retreats to Tripoli; the final stand will be at the Mareth line in southern Tunisia.
In a large operation named "Operation Winter Storm", the Germans attempt to break through to forces trapped in Stalingrad.
13: The Luftwaffe flies in meagre supplies to the beleaguered Stalingrad troops.
15: American and Australian troops finally push Japanese out of Buna, New Guinea.
Allies clash with Japanese troops in the Battle of the Gifu.
22: The Germans begin a retreat from the Caucasus.
The battle for "Longstop Hill" begins; a key position outside Tunis, the Germans eventually take it and hold it until April.
The remainder of the United States 1st Armored Division arrived at North Africa for Operation Husky.
24: French Admiral Darlan, the former Vichy leader who had switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, is assassinated in Algiers.
The United States reorganizes its Combat Arms Regiments with their Organic Battalions into Separate Groups and Battalions.
25: American bombers hit Rabaul.
26: Heavy fighting continues on Guadalcanal, now focused on Mount Austen in the west.
28: The governor of pro-Vichy French Somaliland surrenders to invading British and Free French forces.
31: In the Battle of the Barents Sea, the British win a strategic victory, leading Hitler to largely abandon the use of surface raiders in favor of U-boats.
As the year draws to a close, things look much brighter for the Allies than they did a few months ago: Rommel is trapped in Tunisia, the Germans are encircled at Stalingrad, and the Japanese appear ready to abandon Guadalcanal.
See also
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
Timeline of World War II (1943)
Notes and references
External links
Timeline of WWII
Documents of World War II
World War II Timeline
Category:Chronology of World War II
Category:1942 in military history
1942
1942
de:Chronologie des Zweiten Weltkrieges#1942
Category:United States military history timelines | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Wikipedia (en) |
Ba2+ current oscillations modulated by cyclic AMP and phorbol esters in ras-transformed fibroblasts.
An oscillatory influx of divalent cations was measured as Ba2+ inward currents (Ba2+ current oscillations) by voltage-clamp recording in v-Ki-ras-transformed NIH/3T3 (DT) fibroblasts after activation with bradykinin or serum. Application of forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP onto DT cells initiated Ba2+ current oscillations. Increasing intracellular cyclic AMP reduced the amplitude but increased the frequency of the Ba2+ current oscillations. Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters terminated Ba2+ current oscillations. No inhibition of Ba2+ current oscillations by phorbol esters was observed in down-regulated cells that had been pretreated with phorbol esters for 24 hrs. The results suggest that Ba2+ current oscillations are regulated by intracellular second messengers. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Abstracts |
---
abstract: 'Existing and planned optical telescopes and surveys can detect artificially-illuminated objects comparable in total brightness to a major terrestrial city out to the outskirts of the Solar System. Orbital parameters of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) are routinely measured to exquisite precisions of $< 10^{-3}$. Here we propose to measure the variation of the observed flux $F$ from such objects as a function of their changing orbital distances $D$. Sunlight-illuminated objects will show a logarithmic slope $\alpha \equiv (d\log F/d\log D)= -4$ whereas artificially-illuminated objects should exhibit $\alpha= -2$. Planned surveys using the proposed LSST will provide superb data that would allow measurement of $\alpha$ for thousands of KBOs. If objects with $\alpha=-2$ are found, follow-up observations can measure their spectra to determine if they are illuminated by artificial lighting. The search can be extended beyond the Solar System with future generations of telescopes on the ground and in space, which would be capable of detecting phase modulation due to very strong artificial illumination on the night-side of planets as they orbit their parent stars.'
---
0.8in
**Detection Technique for Artificially-Illuminated**
**Objects in the Outer Solar System and Beyond**
0.7cm
Abraham Loeb$^{1,2}$ and Edwin L. Turner$^{3,4}$
$^1$ [*Astronomy Department, Harvard University, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA*]{}\
$^2$ [*Institute for Theory and Computation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA*]{}\
$^3$ [*Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA*]{}\
$^4$ [*Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 227-8568, Japan*]{}\
0.2in
[**Kewords:**]{} astrobiology, SETI, Kuiper belt objects, artificial illumination
Introduction
============
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has been conducted mainly in the radio band [@Wilson; @Tarter; @Shostak], with peripheral attention to exotic signals in the optical [@Howard; @Horowitz; @Ribak; @Dyson_Plant; @Elvis] and thermal infrared [@Dyson]. Possible “beacon” signals broadcasted intentionally by another civilization to announce its presence as well as the ”leakage” of radiation, produced for communication or other purposes ([*e.g.*]{}, radar), have been the usual targets of radio SETI observations.
As technology evolves on Earth, expectations for plausible extraterrestrial signals change. For example, the radio power emission of the Earth has been declining dramatically in recent decades due to the use of cables, optical fibers and other advances in communication technology, indicating that eavesdropping on distant advanced civilizations might be more difficult than previously thought [@Forgan].
Here we are guided instead by the notion that biological creatures are likely to take advantage of the natural illumination provided by the star around which their home planet orbits. As soon as such creatures develop the necessary technology, it would be natural for them to artificially illuminate the object they inhabit during its dark diurnal phases.
Our civilization uses two basic classes of illumination: thermal (incandescent light bulbs) and quantum (light emitting diodes \[LEDs\] and fluorescent lamps). Such artificial light sources have different spectral properties than sunlight. The spectra of artificial lights on distant objects would likely distinguish them from natural illumination sources, since such emission would be exceptionally rare in the natural thermodynamic conditions present on the surface of relatively cold objects. Therefore, [*artificial illumination may serve as a lamppost which signals the existence of extraterrestrial technologies and thus civilizations*]{}. Are there realistic techniques to search for the leakage of artificial illumination in the optical band?[^1]
It is convenient to normalize any artificial illumination in flux units of 1% of the solar daylight illumination of Earth, $f_\oplus\equiv 0.01(L_\odot/4\pi D_\oplus^2)= 1.4\times 10^4~{\rm
erg~s^{-1}~cm^{-2}}$, where $D_\oplus=1.5\times 10^{13}~{\rm cm}\equiv
1~{\rm AU}$ is the Earth-Sun distance. Crudely speaking, this unit corresponds to the illumination in a brightly-lit office or to that provided by the Sun just as it rises or sets in a clear sky on Earth.[^2]
Artificially Illuminated Kuiper Belt Objects
============================================
We first examine the feasibility of this new SETI technique within the Solar System, which offers the best prospects for detecting intrinsically faint sources of light.
The flux reaching an observer from any self-luminous source varies according to the familiar inverse square law, but the flux from scattered sunlight off an object at a distance $D\gg 1~{\rm AU}$ scales as $D^{-4}$ due to the combination of the inverse square dependence of the solar flux which illuminates it combined with the inverse square dependence of the scattered component of that incident flux which reaches an observer on Earth. Thus, the observed flux from an object that is artificially illuminated at a level of $f_{\oplus}$ would be larger than the flux due to its reflected sunlight by a factor of $(A/1\%)^{-1}(D/1~{\rm AU})^2$, where $A$ is the albedo (reflection coefficient) of the object to sunlight. The $A$ values of objects in the outer solar system vary widely [@Albedos] and their colors range from neutral to very red [@Colors]. This implies that the ratio of artificial illumination, with an unknown spectrum, to scattered sunlight could be a strong function of wavelength.
More than $\sim 10^3$ small bodies have already been discovered in the distance range of $30$–$50~{\rm AU}$, known as the Kuiper belt of the Solar System [@Petit]. The number of known Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) will increase by 1-2 orders of magnitude over the next decade through wide-field surveys such as Pan-STARRS[^3] and LSST.[^4] The sizes[^5] of known KBOs ($\sim 1$–$10^3~{\rm km}$) are usually inferred by assuming a typical albedo [@Grundy] of $A\sim 4$–$10\%$. (The albedo of a KBO can sometimes be calibrated more reliably based on measurements of its thermal infrared emission.[^6]) For $A=7\%$ and a distance $D=50~{\rm AU}$, an artificially $f_\oplus$-illuminated object would be brighter by a factor $\sim
3.6\times 10^2$ than if it were sunlight-illuminated. This implies that an $f_\oplus$-illuminated surface would provide the same observed flux $F$ as a sunlight-illuminated object at that distance, if it is $\sim {\sqrt{3.6\times 10^2}}=19$ times smaller in size. In other words, an $f_\oplus$-illuminated surface of size 53 km (comparable to the scale of a major city) would appear as bright as a $10^3~{\rm km}$ object which reflects sunlight with $A=7\%$. Since $\sim 10^3~{\rm
km}$ objects were already found at distances beyond $\sim 50~{\rm
AU}$, [*we conclude that existing telescopes and surveys could detect the artificial light from a reasonably brightly illuminated region, roughly the size of a terrestrial city, located on a KBO.*]{}
Weaker artificial illumination by some factor $\epsilon<1$ relative to the “1% of daylight on Earth” standard represented by $f_\oplus$, would lower the observed flux by the same factor, since the observed flux scales as $F\propto \epsilon$. Correspondingly, the equivalent object size needed for artificial illumination to produce the same observed flux as due to sunlight illumination, would increase by $\epsilon^{-1/2}$. Nevertheless, [*existing telescopes could detect dimly illuminated regions ($\epsilon\sim 1\%$) hundreds of km in size on the surface of large KBOs.*]{}
The current artificial illumination on the night-side of the Earth has an absolute $r$-band magnitude of roughly 44 (corresponding to $1.7\times 10^{13}~{\rm lumens}$ produced from $\sim 2\times
10^{12}~{\rm Watts}$ of electric power).[^7] [^8] Existing telescopes could see the artificially-illuminated side of the Earth out to a distance of $\sim
10^3~{\rm AU}$, where its brightness in scattered sunlight and in artificial lighting (at current levels) would coincidentally be roughly equal. A present-day major terrestrial city, Tokyo for example,[^9] has an absolute $r$-band magnitude of very roughly 48 with apparent $r$-magnitudes of approximately 16 at a distance of 1 AU, 24 at 30 AU, 26 at 100 AU and 31 (about as faint as the faintest detected objects in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field) at $10^3~{\rm AU}$.
Although precise numbers depend on many detailed properties of the telescope, instrument, observing conditions (sky brightness, image quality [*etc.*]{}), representative exposure times to reach the aforementioned $r$-band apparent magnitudes at high (50-to-1) signal-to-noise ratio are 1, 500 and 1800 seconds, respectively, for the first three cases with an 8-meter class telescope in good observing conditions and using modern CCD detectors. Reaching $r\sim
31$ is not feasible from the ground and took over $3\times 10^5$ seconds with the 2.4-meter Hubble Space Telescope.
Thus, [*existing optical astronomy facilities are capable of detecting artificial illumination at the levels currently employed on Earth for putative extraterrestrial constructs on the scale of a large terrestrial city or greater out to the edge of the Solar System.*]{}
A Flux-Distance Signature of Artificial Illumination
====================================================
Orbital parameters of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) are routinely measured[^10] to a precision of $< 10^{-3}$ via astrometric observations [@Petit]. [*A simple but powerful and robust method for identifying artificially-illuminated objects is to measure the variation of the observed flux $F$ as a function of its changing distance $D$ along its orbit.*]{} Sunlight-illuminated objects will show a logarithmic slope of $\alpha \equiv (d\log F/d\log D)= -4$ whereas artificially-illuminated objects should exhibit $\alpha= -2$. The required photometric precision of better than a percent for such measurements (over timescales of years) can be easily achieved with modern telescopes.
If objects with $\alpha=-2$ are discovered, follow-up observations with long exposures on $8-10$ meter and space telescopes could determine their spectra and test whether they are illuminated by artificial thermal (incandescent) or quantum (LED/fluorescent) light sources.[^11] The exposure time requirements to achieve moderate signal-to-noise spectra would be extreme, running to millions of seconds or more, at the faint end of the magnitude range under consideration. However, the motivation to determine the nature and properties of an object showing convincing $\alpha=-2$ behavior would be even more extreme. A complementary follow-up search for artificial radio signals could be conducted with sensitive radio observatories [@Loeb], such as VLA,[^12] ATA,[^13] GMRT,[^14] LOFAR,[^15] MWA,[^16] and PAPER,[^17] which would be able to detect extraordinarily low levels of radio emission by current terrestrial standards. In general, follow-up using all available observational resources would be well justified.
KBOs vary in brightness for reasons other than their changing distance from the Earth and the Sun [@Rab; @Sch; @Lightcurves]. Specific causes include a changing phase angle (due largely to the Earth’s orbital motion) leading to changes in the contributions from coherent backscattering and surface shadowing, outgassing ([*i.e.,*]{} cometary activity), rotation of objects with non-spherical shapes or surface albedo variations, and for some objects occultation by a binary companion. Although the brightness changes associated with these effects are typically tenths of a magnitude and can be larger for some objects, their time scales are short (hours to days in most cases) and, with the exception of outgassing, the resulting variations are periodic. For these reasons it will be necessary to monitor KBO brightnesses frequently and for a period of years in order to model or, at worst, average out other contributions to variability on an object-by-object basis and allow the secular trend with changing distance ([*i.e.,*]{} the $\alpha$ value) to emerge. Fortunately, LSST [@Ivezic] will obtain extensive and very high quality data of precisely this nature for unrelated and conventional purposes. Thus, [*the survey we propose can identify KBO (or asteroid) candidates for intensive follow-up with no investment of additional observational resources.*]{}
We note that artificial lights might also vary on short time scales, either due to their being turned on and off, due to beaming, or due to bright spots appearing and disappearing over the limb as the object rotates.
Night Lights Beyond the Solar System
====================================
The next generation of ground-based telescopes (EELT,[^18] GMT,[^19] and TMT[^20]) as well as space telescopes (JWST,[^21] Darwin,[^22] and TPF[^23]) will be able [@Ria] to search for artificial illumination of extra-solar planets [@Sch1; @Sch2]. Although the $\alpha$ test proposed above for objects in the outer Solar System is not relevant for exoplanets, a search for the orbital phase (time) modulation of the observed flux from the artificial illumination of the night-side on Earth-like planets as they orbit their primary could be used in its place. The observer would see stronger artificial illumination when the dark side of the planet is more in view, exactly the opposite of the case with natural day side illumination from the star. Cloud cover would mask some of the artificial illumination of an Earth-like planet in a stochastic time dependent manner, which might significantly complicate the interpretation of such phase curves.
A preliminary broad-band photometric detection could be improved through the use of narrow-band filters which are tuned to the spectral features of artificial light sources (such as LEDs). For this signature to be detectable, the night side needs to have an artificial brightness comparable to the natural illumination of the day side. Clearly, the corresponding extraterrestrial civilization would need to employ much brighter and more extensive artificial lighting than we do currently since the global contrast between the day and night sides is a factor $\sim 6\times 10^5$ for the present-day Earth. In favorable scenarios, some proposed versions of NASA’s TPF mission would have reasonable prospects of detecting the artificial illumination of an exoplanet if it were at levels a few times greater than $f_\oplus$ or more.
City lights would be easier to detect on a planet which was left in the dark of a formerly-habitable zone after its host star turned into a faint white dwarf. The related civilization would need to survive the intermediate red giant phase of its star. If it does, separating its artificial light from the natural light of a white dwarf, would be much easier than for the original star, both in contrast and in absolute brightness.
Concluding Remarks
==================
In addition to the low prior probability that should probably be assigned to the idea of an alien civilization occupying KBOs, the search proposed in this paper could fail for a host of other plausible reasons. The artificially illuminated spaces might be underground or otherwise shielded for a variety of reasons, such as to avoid wasting of energy or to maintain a stealthy presence. Advanced technology, including biological alteration of sensory organs, might be employed to render very low natural illumination levels useable. Moreover, the most easily detectable signatures might well be in very different bands, such as radio emissions. Thus, as for all other known SETI techniques, a null result would have no clear meaning. However, this is not a sufficient reason to refrain from searching since it is clearly impossible to predict the behaviors or capabilities of unknown alien civilizations with any confidence and because a positive result would carry such immense implications.
Artificially-lit KBOs might have originated from civilizations near other stars. In particular, some small bodies may have traveled to the Kuiper belt through interstellar space after being ejected dynamically from other planetary systems [@Moro]. These objects can be recognized by their hyperbolic orbits. A more hypothetical origin for artificially-lit KBOs involves objects composed of rock and water/ice (asteroids or low-mass planets) that were originally in the habitable zone of the Sun, developed intelligent life, and were later ejected through gravitational scattering with other planets (such as the Earth or Jupiter) into highly eccentric orbits. Such orbits spend most of their time at their farthest (turnaround) distance, $D_{\rm max}$. If this distance is in the Kuiper belt, then the last time these objects came close to Earth was more than $\sim 500~(D_{\rm max}/10^2~{\rm
AU})^{3/2}$ years ago, before the modern age of science and technology began on Earth.
0.45in [**ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.**]{} We thank F. Dyson, M. Holman and A. Parker for helpful comments. AL was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907890 and NASA grants NNX08AL43G and NNA09DB30A. ELT gratefully acknowledges support from a Princeton University Global Collaborative Research Fund grant and the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan.
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[^1]: Here we focus on illumination in the optical band but identical considerations apply to creatures that evolved to sense radiation in the UV and IR bands, in which stars are also highly luminous.
[^2]: http://www.brillianz.co.uk/data/documents/Lumen.pdf
[^3]: http://pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/public/home.html
[^4]: http://www.lsst.org/lsst/
[^5]: These sizes correspond to diameters for the larger objects, which are spherical in shape, but are merely characteristic linear scales for the smaller objects which have irregular shapes.
[^6]: http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Sizes.html
[^7]: http://www.lightinglab.fi/IEAAnnex45/guidebook/11$\_$technical$\%$20potential.pdf
[^8]: This value assumes a Sun-like spectrum in the optical band and an illumination efficiency (lumens/watt) similar to that of the Sun, which is in the range of modern fluorescent and LED lights as well. The choice of the $r$-band is obviously somewhat arbitrary and is meant only for illustrative purposes. The artificial illumination employed by an alien civilization might have a wide range of possible spectra, perhaps correlated with that of the primary star hosting the object on which they evolved.
[^9]: http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/forecast/html/kaisetsu$-$e.html
[^10]: Long-term monitoring of KBOs may also serve to limit or detect deviations from Keplerian orbits due to artificial propulsion.
[^11]: One should also examine images of the dark side of Solar System moons, suspected of hosting liquid water. For example, city lights can be searched for in images taken by the Cassini spacecraft of the dark side of Saturn’s moon, Enceladus.
[^12]: http://www.vla.nrao.edu/
[^13]: http://www.seti.org/ata
[^14]: http://gmrt.ncra.tifr.res.in/
[^15]: http://www.lofar.org/
[^16]: http://www.mwatelescope.org/
[^17]: http://astro.berkeley.edu/$\sim$dbacker/eor/
[^18]: http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/e-elt.html
[^19]: http://www.gmto.org/
[^20]: http://www.tmt.org/
[^21]: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/
[^22]: http://www.esa.int/export/esaSC/120382$\_$index$\_$0$\_$m.html
[^23]: http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf$\_$index.cfm
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | ArXiv |
Q:
Computing 10-dimensional volume of a 9-sphere
I'm trying to compute 10-dimensional volume of a 9-sphere with radius r using Monte Carlo.
r = 1000
F = Piecewise[{{1, Sum[x[i]^2, {i, 10}] <= r}}, 0]
NIntegrate[F, {x[1], -1000, 1000}, {x[2], -1000, 1000}, {x[3], -1000, 1000}, {x[4], -1000, 1000}, {x[5], -1000, 1000}, {x[6], -1000, 1000}, {x[7], -1000, 1000}, {x[8], -1000, 1000}, {x[9], -1000, 1000}, {x[10], -1000, 1000}, Method -> {"MonteCarloRule", "Points" -> 1000000}]
But the results always off by the factor of 1e(P/2), where 1eP = The correct factoring. I'm wondering where did I do wrong?
Also I want to clean up the code
NIntegrate[F, {x[1], -1000, 1000}, {x[2], -1000, 1000}, {x[3], -1000, 1000}, {x[4], -1000, 1000}, {x[5], -1000, 1000}, {x[6], -1000, 1000}, {x[7], -1000, 1000}, {x[8], -1000, 1000}, {x[9], -1000, 1000}, {x[10], -1000, 1000}, Method -> {"MonteCarloRule", "Points" -> 1000000}]
I try to do this
NIntegrate[F, Table[{x[i], -r, r}, {i, 10}], Method -> {"MonteCarloRule", "Points" -> 1000000}]
But it doesn't work as Table[] gives list. I need to make it into sequence somehow. But trying to apply Sequence[] to Table[] still give me a list. Is there anyway to get around this?
A:
In Mathematica 10, this computation may be made as follows:
Clear @ r
volSphere9[r_] = RegionMeasure[Ball[ConstantArray[0, 10], r]]
(π^5 r^10)/120
volSphere9[1000.]
2.55016*10^30
A:
The sum of the squares should be less than or equal to r^2 rather than r.
d = 10;
r = 1000;
F = Piecewise[{{1, Sum[x[i]^2, {i, d}] <= r^2}}, 0];
NIntegrate[F, {x[1], -1000, 1000}, {x[2], -1000, 1000},
{x[3], -1000, 1000}, {x[4], -1000, 1000},
{x[5], -1000, 1000}, {x[6], -1000, 1000},
{x[7], -1000, 1000}, {x[8], -1000, 1000},
{x[9], -1000, 1000}, {x[10], -1000, 1000},
Method -> {"MonteCarloRule", "Points" -> 1000000}]
2.54812*10^30
Attributes[NIntegrate]
{HoldAll, Protected}
The iterators must be a Sequence of lists rather than a list of lists and must be evaluated since NIntegrate has attribute HoldAll
NIntegrate[F, Evaluate[Sequence @@ Table[{x[i], -r, r}, {i, d}]],
Method -> {"MonteCarloRule", "Points" -> 1000000}]
2.5401*10^30
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | StackExchange |
442 F.Supp.2d 416 (2006)
Leighann STARNES, Plaintiff,
v.
JLQ AUTOMOTIVE SERVICES CO., Defendant.
No. 04c71382.
United States District Court, E.D. Michigan, Southern Division.
July 18, 2006.
*417 *418 *419 James F. Roll, Troy, MI, for Plaintiff.
Kenneth J. Hardin, II, Hardin Assoc., Bingham Farms, MI, for Defendant.
OPINION AND ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
DUGGAN, District Court Judge.
Plaintiff brought this lawsuit against Defendant alleging gender discrimination/hostile work environment, retaliation, and constructive discharge in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in relation to Plaintiffs former employment relationship with Defendant. Presently before the Court is Defendant's motion for summary judgment pursuant to Rule 56(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.[1] The Court conducted a hearing on Defendant's motion on June 22, 2006.
*420 I. Factual and Procedural Background
On January 28, 2002, Plaintiff began working at Defendant's Jiffy Lube store in Royal Oak, Michigan. Tom Nanney ("Nanney") and Conley Sills ("Sills") were Plaintiffs immediate supervisors; Nanney was the store manager and Sills was the assistant manager. Plaintiff claims she was subjected to a hostile work environment during the course of her employment due to verbal sexual harassment by Nanney. Plaintiff claims she complained to Sills about Nanney's harassment.
In February 2003, Defendant's District Manager, Steve Matthews ("Matthews"), learned about Plaintiff's complaints of harassment through another employee. Matthews subsequently visited Plaintiff at the Royal Oak Jiffy Lube and spoke to her about the alleged harassment. At the end of the meeting, Matthews concluded that the best course of action would be to transfer Plaintiff to Defendant's Jiffy Lube store in Roseville, Michigan. Defendant contends that, after meeting with Plaintiff, Matthews conducted a full investigation into Plaintiff's allegations. Defendant, however, never took any action against Nanney. Plaintiff began working at the Roseville Jiffy Lube but quit this position on March 17, 2003.
On March 19, 2003, Plaintiff filed a twocount complaint against Defendant in the Circuit Court for the County of Oakland, State of Michigan. See Def.'s Mot. Ex. D. Plaintiffs state court action was based on her employment relationship with Defendant and alleged claims of sex discrimination/harassment and retaliation in violation of the Michigan Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act. See id. Defendant subsequently filed a motion for summary disposition pursuant to Michigan Court Rules 2.116(C)(8) and (10), seeking judgment in its favor as to Plaintiffs claims. On March 26, 2003, the Honorable Rudy J. Nichols granted Defendant's motion.
As to Plaintiffs hostile work environment claim, Judge Nichols concluded that Plaintiff failed to prove "that she did not solicit or incite Nanney's alleged comments." See Def.'s Mot. Ex. E at 4. Judge Nichols therefore held that Plaintiff could not establish that she was subjected to "unwelcome" sexual conduct or communication, a necessary element of her claim. See id. As to Plaintiffs retaliation claim, Judge Nichols held that Plaintiff failed to establish that she was subjected to an "adverse employment action." See id. at 5. Judge Nichols therefore dismissed Plaintiffs state court complaint in its entirety. Plaintiff thereafter filed a timely appeal.
On April 13, 2004, a few weeks after Judge Nichols dismissed Plaintiffs claims pursuant to Michigan's Civil Rights Act, Plaintiff filed her pending complaint in federal court. Defendant subsequently filed a motion for summary judgment which this Court granted on December 3, 2004, based on the doctrine of collateral estoppel or issue preclusion. Aware, however, that Plaintiff had appealed Judge Nichols' decision, this Court indicated in its opinion and order that if the Michigan Court of Appeals reverses the decision and, based on the appellate court's decision, it is determined that the issues presented in Plaintiffs federal complaint have not been fully decided by the State court, then Plaintiff may re-file her complaint and the Court would reinstate the action. On December 8, 2005, the Michigan Court of Appeals issued a decision affirming in part and reversing in part Judge Nichols' order granting Defendant's motion for summary disposition. See Pl.'s Resp. Ex. K [Starnes v. JLQ Auto. Servs. Co., Case No. 255056, 2005 WL 3334679 (Mich.Ct.App. Dec. 8, 2005)(unpublished opinion)].
*421 In its opinion, with respect to Plaintiffs hostile work environment claim, the Michigan Court of Appeals concluded that Judge Nichols erred in finding no genuine issue of material fact with regard to whether Plaintiff was subjected to unwelcome sexual conduct or communication. Id. at *2. The court nevertheless affirmed Judge Nichols' dismissal of Plaintiffs sexual harassment claim, finding that Plaintiff failed to meet her burden of establishing Defendant's liability for Nanney's conduct. Id. at *3. Pursuant to Michigan law, an employer is not vicariously liable for a supervisor's harassing conduct. See id. (citing Chambers v. Trettco, 463 Mich. 297, 311, 614 N.W.2d 910 (2000)). "[T]o hold an employer vicariously liable for a sexually hostile work environment, a plaintiff must show that the defendant had notice of the unwelcome sexual conduct or communication and failed to take prompt and adequate remedial action." Id.
Relying on Plaintiffs acknowledgment during her deposition "that she did not report the alleged incidents of unwelcome sexual communication to the appropriate supervisory or management personnel," the Michigan Court of Appeals concluded that Defendant did not know for some time about Nanney's conduct. Id. As the court stated:
Although plaintiff indicated that she several times complained of Nanney's sexually charged comments to the shop's assistant manager, "higher management" for purposes of notifying a defendant employer of an alleged hostile work environment is defined as "someone in the employer's chain of command who possesses the ability to exercise significant influence in the decision-making process of hiring, firing, and disciplining the offensive employee." [Sheridan v. Forest Hills Public Schools, 247 Mich.App. 611, 622, 637 N.W.2d 536 (2001) ] It is not disputed that the assistant manager to which plaintiff complained reported directly to Nanney, and had no authority to himself discipline Nanney or otherwise remedy the situation.
Moreover, plaintiff acknowledged that she knew to contact district manager Steve Matthews regarding her concerns over Nanney's conduct, and had in fact contacted both Matthews and the shop's owner, Ron Davis, to complain of hours and other "problems" at the shop. Plaintiff admitted, however, that despite contacting these individuals to voice complaints regarding Nanney, she never told either of the alleged harassment. Plaintiff also agreed that, by not telling these individuals of the harassment, she deprived them of the "opportunity to fix the situation."
Id. The court of appeals also found that once Defendant was made aware of the harassment, "it acted swiftly to remedy the situation . ." Id.
The appellate court concluded, however, that Judge Nichols erred in dismissing Plaintiffs retaliation claim. Although finding that Plaintiffs wage and title did not change when she was transferred to Defendant's Roseville store, the court found that Plaintiff asserted a constructive decrease in her hours and job duties as a result of the transfer. Id. at *4. Because Defendant presented no evidence to counter Plaintiffs assertions, the Michigan Court of Appeals concluded that the question of whether Plaintiffs job transfer rose to the level of a material adverse employment action should be resolved by the jury.
After the Michigan Court of Appeals issued its decision, the parties stipulated to the reinstatement of Plaintiffs federal court complaint in its entirety. This Court issued a stipulated order to that effect on January 23, 2006.
*422 II. Standard for Summary Judgment
Summary judgment is appropriate only when there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See FED.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The central inquiry is "whether the evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 251-52, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2512, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). After adequate time for discovery and upon motion, Rule 56(c) mandates summary judgment against a party who fails to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case and on which that party bears the burden of proof at trial. See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986).
The movant has an initial burden of showing "the absence of a genuine issue of material fact." Id. at 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548. Once the movant meets this burden, the non-movant must come forward with specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. See Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 1356, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). To demonstrate a genuine issue, the non-movant must present sufficient evidence upon which a jury could reasonably find for the non-movant; a "scintilla of evidence" is insufficient. See Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 252, 106 S.Ct. at 2512.
The court must accept as true the nonmovant's evidence and draw "all justifiable inferences" in the non-movant's favor. See id. at 255, 106 S.Ct. 2505. The inquiry is whether the evidence presented is such that a jury applying the relevant evidentiary standard could "reasonably find for either the plaintiff or the defendant." See id.
Ill. Applicable Law and Analysis
A. Hostile Work Environment
An employee asserting a violation of Title VII based upon a hostile work environment must establish the following:
(1) she was a member of a protected group, (2) she was subjected to unwelcome harassment; (3) the harassment was based upon the employee's protected status, such as race or gender, (4) the harassment affected a term, condition, or privilege of employment, and (5) the defendant knew or should have known about the harassing conduct but failed to take any corrective or preventative actions.
Farmer v. Cleveland Public Power, 295 F.3d 593, 604-05 (6th Cir.2002). This last prong is modified, however, if the employee's supervisor, rather than a co-worker, conducts the harassment. Where the employee's supervisor is the harasser, the employer's liability turns on whether the harassment results in a tangible employment action:
If proven sexual harassment by the supervisor did not result in a tangible employment action, then the employer may not be liable if it engaged in preventative or corrective measures and the plaintiff unreasonably failed to utilize the measures the employer provided . . . If the sexual harassment did result in a tangible employment action, the employer will be strictly liable for the supervisor's sexual harassment.
Keeton v. Flying J., Inc., 429 F.3d 259, 262-63 (6th Cir.2005)(citing Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 807, 118 S.Ct. 2275, 2293, 141 L.Ed.2d 662 (1998) and Burlington Indus., Inc. v. Ellerth, 524 U.S. 742, 762-63, 765, 118 S.Ct. 2257, 2269, 141 L.Ed.2d 633 (1998)). The Sixth Circuit has provided that the terms "tangible *423 employment action" and "adverse employment action" are equivalent. Id. at 263 n. 1.
In Ellerth and Faragher, the Supreme Court held that an employer will be strictly liable when a supervisor's unlawful harassment results in a tangible employment action against a subordinate employee, reasoning that it is "beyond question" in such a case that "more than the mere existence of the employment relation aids in commission of the harassment." Ellerth, 524 U.S. at 760, 118 S.Ct. at 2268; accord Faragher, 524 U.S. at 803-05, 118 S.Ct. at 2292-93. In other words, "[t]he tangible employment action . . . is, in essential character, `an official act of the enterprise, a company act' . . . It is the means by which the supervisor brings the official power of the enterprise to bear on subordinates.'" Pennsylvania State Police v. Sutlers, 542 U.S. 129, 144, 124 S.Ct. 2342, 2353, 159 L.Ed.2d 204 (2004)(quoting Ellerth, 524 U.S. at 762, 118 S.Ct. at 2269). In comparison, the Ellerth/Faragher Court concluded that "[wllien a supervisor's harassment of a subordinate does not culminate in a tangible employment action . . . it is `less obvious' that the agency relation is the driving force." Id. at 145, 124 S.Ct. at 2353 (quoting Ellerth, 524 U.S. at 763, 11$ S.Ct. at 2269). The Court therefore held in Ellerth and Faragher that strict liability should not apply in that situation, further reasoning:
On the one hand, a supervisor's power and authority invests his or her harassing conduct with a particular threatening character, and in this sense, a supervisor always is aided by the agency relation . On the other hand, there are acts of harassment a supervisor might commit which might be the same acts a coemployee would commit, and there may be some circumstances where the supervisor's status makes little difference.
Ellerth, 524 U.S. at 763, 118 S.Ct. at 2269.
Even when a tangible employment action is not taken, however, the Supreme Court held that an employer will be vicariously liable for its supervisor's harassment unless the employer can establish an affirmative defense comprising two necessary elements. Id. at 765, 118 S.Ct. at 2270; accord Faragher, 524 U.S. at 807, 118 S.Ct. at 2293. First, that "the employer exercised reasonable care to prevent and correct promptly any sexually harassing behavior." Id. Second, that "the plaintiff employee unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventive or corrective opportunities provided by the employer to avoid harm otherwise." Id. The Court elaborated on these requirements as follows:
While proof that an employer had promulgated an anti-harassment policy with complaint procedure is not necessary in every instance as a matter of law, the need for a stated policy suitable to the employment circumstances may appropriately be addressed in any case when litigating the first element of the defense. And while proof that an employee failed to fulfill the corresponding obligation of reasonable care to avoid harm is not limited to showing any unreasonable failure to use any complaint procedure provided by the employer, a demonstration of such failure will normally suffice to satisfy the employer's burden under the second element of the defense.
Ellerth, 524 U.S. at 765, 118 S.Ct. at 2270; accord Faragher, 524 U.S. at 807, 118 S.Ct. at 2293.
In Faragher, the district court found that the City of Boca Raton maintained a *424 formal policy against sexual harassment but failed to disseminate it to employees in the section where the plaintiff worked and that City officials made no attempt to keep track of the conduct of its supervisors. Faragher, 524 U.S. at 808, 118 S.Ct. at 2293. The Supreme Court held that, under these circumstances, the City could not be found to have satisfied the first prong of its affirmative defense. Id. The Court indicated, however, that in other situations the absence of a formal anti-harassment policy may not be determinative:
We hold as a matter of law that the City could not be found to have exercised reasonable care to prevent the supervisors' harassing conduct. Unlike the employer of a small work force, who might expect that sufficient care to prevent tortious behavior could be exercised informally, those responsible for city operations could not reasonably have thought that precautions against hostile environments in any one of many departments in far-flung locations could be effective without communicating some formal policy against harassment, with a sensible complaint procedure.
Id. at 808-09, 118 S.Ct. at 2293.
In its motion, Defendant first contends that it is entitled to summary judgment with respect to Plaintiffs hostile work environment claim because any alleged sexually charged discussions were welcomed by and instigated by Plaintiff. Previously this Court concluded that the doctrine of collateral estoppel or issue preclusion demanded the dismissal of Plaintiffs hostile work environment and constructive discharge claims following Judge Nichols' finding that Plaintiff failed to prove "that she did not solicit or incite Nanney's alleged comments." Based on the same doctrine,[2] the Court believes that it now is bound to accept the Michigan Court of Appeals' determination that there in fact are genuine issues of material fact regarding whether Plaintiff welcomed and instigated Nanney's conduct.[3]
The same is not true, however, with respect to the Michigan Court of Appeals' conclusion that Plaintiff failed to *425 establish Defendant's liability for Nanney's conduct. As the Michigan Court of Appeals explained in its opinion, under Michigan law, an employer only is vicariously liable for a supervisor's harassment if the defendant had notice of the unwelcome sexual conduct or communication and failed to take prompt and adequate remedial action. In Title VII cases, in comparison, where a supervisor's harassment does not result in a tangible employment actionwhich this Court will presume is the case herethe employer is liable unless it proves that it (1) ". . . exercised reasonable care to prevent and correct promptly any sexually harassing behavior" and (2) "the plaintiff employee unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventive or corrective opportunities provided by the employer to avoid harm otherwise." Ellerth, 524 U.S. at 765, 118 S.Ct. at 2270 (emphasis added). The differences in these standards mean that Plaintiff is not collaterally estopped from establishing Defendant's liability for Nanney's conduct based on the Michigan Court of Appeals' decision.
The Michigan Court of Appeals found that Plaintiff failed to put Defendant on notice of the unwelcome sexual conduct or communication and, that when Defendant did discover the harassment, it "acted swiftly to remedy the situation." The court, however, did not make a determination with regard to whether Defendant exercised reasonable care to prevent sexual harassment in its workplace. The Supreme Court's discussion regarding this latter requirement in Faragher leads this Court to conclude that an employer is not relieved of its obligation to exercise reasonable care to prevent harassment simply because it can prove that it promptly corrected any sexually harassing behavior. As the Faragher Court made clear, imposing this obligation on employers serves to avoid harassment in the first place, which is one of Title VII's primary goals:
Although Title VII seeks "to make persons whole for injuries suffered on account of unlawful employment discrimination," . . . its "primary objective," like that of any statute meant to influence primary conduct, is not to provide redress but to avoid harm . . . As long ago as 1980, the EEOC, charged with the enforcement of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-4, adopted regulations advising employers to "take all steps necessary to prevent sexual harassment from occurring, such as . . . informing employees of their right to raise and how to raise the issue of harassment." 29 C.F.R. § 1604.11(f) (1997), and in 1990 the EEOC issued a policy statement enjoining employers to establish a complaint procedure "designed to encourage victims of harassment to come forward without requiring a victim to complain first to the offending supervisor." EEOC Policy Guidance on Sexual Harassment, 8 FEP Manual 405:6699 (Mar. 19, 1990) . . . It would therefore implement clear statutory policy and complement the Government's Title VII enforcement efforts to recognize the employer's affirmative obligation to prevent violations and give credit here to employers who make reasonable efforts to discharge their duty.
524 U.S. at 805-06, 118 S.Ct. at 2292 (internal citations omitted). For the following reasons, this Court finds a genuine issue of material fact with respect to whether Defendant "exercised reasonable care to prevent . . . sexually harassing behavior" in its workplace.
First, Defendant admits that it maintains no formal, written anti-harassment policy. While Defendant claims that it has an oral policy, it has provided the Court with no specifics regarding the alleged *426 policy. As the Faragher Court expressed, the type of anti-harassment policy an employer needs to satisfy the first prong of its affirmative defense depends on the size of the employer's work force and its operations. See Faragher, 524 U.S. at 808-09, 118 S.Ct. at 2293. The Court held that an employer with a large work force "c[an] not reasonably have thought that precautions against hostile environments in any one of many departments in far-flung locations could be effective without communicating some formal policy against harassment, with a sensible complaint procedure." Id. Defendant apparently has a large workforce, spread among many stores in a vast geographic area.
Second, while Defendant asserts that Plaintiff knew she could contact its regional manager or owner regarding the alleged harassment, Plaintiff's awareness of Defendant's "open door" policy does not demonstrate that Defendant took any measures to prevent sexual harassment per se. Finally, if the trier of fact concludes that Nanney sexually harassed Plaintiff, it also could conclude, based on Defendant's handling of Plaintiff's complaints, that Defendant's alleged anti-harassment policy is inadequate to prevent harassment. After Plaintiff complained of Nanney's harassment, Matthews decided, before investigating her allegations, to transfer Plaintiff to another store. Such a response hardly encourages other victims to report sexual harassment in the workplace. Moreover, Matthews left Nanneythe alleged harasserin his position, supervising the Royal Oak store. Defendant has not suggested that it disciplined Nanney or that it required him to undergo anti-harassment education or training. Clearly Defendant stopped Nanney's alleged harassment of Plaintiff by transferring her from the store Nanney managed. However, the jury reasonably could conclude that Defendant's response in no way prevents or discourages Nanney or other employees from engaging in sexual harassment in the future.
The Court therefore concludes that Defendant is not entitled to summary judgment with respect to Plaintiff's Title VII sexual harassment claim.
B. Retaliation
To establish a claim of retaliation under Title VII, a plaintiff must prove that (1) she engaged in protected activity; (2) the exercise of that protected right was known to the defendant; (3) the defendant thereafter took an employment action adverse to the plaintiff; and (4) a causal connection existed between the protected activity and the adverse employment action. Akers v. Alvey, 338 F.3d 491, 497 (6th Cir.2003). Defendant contends that Plaintiff's retaliation claim fails because she cannot establish that it took an adverse employment action against her.[4]
This Court originally dismissed Plaintiff's retaliation claim based on Judge Nichols' finding that she failed to establish an adverse employment action. The Michigan Court of Appeals, however, found a genuine issue of material fact with respect to this issue because Plaintiff asserted *427 that, as a result of the transfer, she experienced the following adverse changes to the conditions of her employment:
(1) she lost seniority, which resulted in her being the first person sent home when the store was overstaffed, thereby decreasing her net pay; (2) her commute was actually longer and more difficult; (3) the new store was significantly dirtier; (4) she felt isolated and not welcomed by the new store's employees, who were aware of her allegations against Nanney; and (5) even if there was no corresponding change in her job title, her job duties were limited to logins, whereas before she performed every task in the store, thus resulting in a significant decrease in responsibility.
See Resp. Ex. K at 4. Even if this Court were not bound by the Michigan Court of Appeals' determinationwhich it believes it isit agrees with the state court that a genuine issue of material fact exists as to whether Plaintiff suffered an adverse employment action as a result of her transfer at least based on her assertion that she suffered a decreased salary due to reduced hours and a longer and more difficult commute.[5]See Kocsis v. Multi-Care Mgmt., Inc., 97 F.3d 876, 885 (6th Cir.1996)(providing that reassignment resulting in diminishment of the plaintiff's salary or work hours constitutes an adverse employment decision); Keeton, 429 F.3d at 264-65 (concluding that increased distance commuting to work is an appropriate factor for the jury to consider to determine whether the plaintiff suffered an adverse employment action).
Moreover, the Court notes that while Defendant's motion for summary judgment was pending, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White, in which the Court defined the harm a plaintiff must demonstrate to support a retaliation claim. ___ U.S. ___, 126 S.Ct. 2405, 165 L.Ed.2d 345 (2006). Rather than requiring proof of specific prohibited acts (i.e., firing, demotion, decrease in salary), the Court held that a plaintiff alleging retaliation "must show that a reasonable employee would have found the challenged conduct materially adverse, which in this context means it well might have dissuaded a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination." Id. at 2415 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
C. Constructive Discharge
To evaluate a plaintiff's claim alleging a constructive discharge under Title VII, "requires an inquiry into both the objective feelings of an employee, and the intent of the employer. A constructive discharge exists if working conditions would have been so difficult or unpleasant that a reasonable person in the employee's shoes would have felt compelled to resign." Ford v. Gen. Motors Corp., 305 F.3d 545, 554 (6th Cir.2002)(quoting Yates v. Avco Corp., 819 F.2d 630, 636-37 (6th Cir.1987)). "A plaintiff must show that the employer *428 intended and could reasonably have foreseen the impact of its conduct on the employee." Id. Based on Judge Nichols' finding that Plaintiff was not subjected to unwelcome sexual communication or conduct, this Court previously concluded that Plaintiff could not establish that her working conditions were so difficult or unpleasant that a reasonable person in her shoes would have felt compelled to resign. However as discussed above, the Michigan Court of Appeals disagreed with Judge Nichols' decision, finding a genuine issue of material fact with respect to whether Plaintiff welcomed and/or instigated Nanney's conduct. Defendant does not set forth any other reason why this Court should grant summary judgment in its favor with respect to Plaintiff's constructive discharge claim.
D. After-Acquired Evidence
Defendant argues that Plaintiff's admission that she engaged in unlawful conduct in the workplacei.e. using marijuanalimits her recovery. The "afteracquired evidence" defense doctrine provides that "[w]here an employer can show it would have been entitled to terminate the employee for severe wrongdoing, if it had known of the employee's wrongdoing at the time, the employee's remedies for discrimination are limited." Thurman v. Yellow Freight Sys., Inc., 90 F.3d 1160, 1168 (6th Cir.1996)(citing McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publ'g Co., 513 U.S. 352, 360-62, 115 S.Ct. 879, 886-87, 130 L.Ed.2d 852 (1995)). This defense, however, does not bar all of the employee's remedies. Instead, as a general rule, it bars the employee "from obtaining front pay and reinstatement, and back-pay is limited." Id. (citing McKennon, 513 U.S. at 361-62, 115 S.Ct. at 886).
Defendant claims that it would have terminated Plaintiff if it had discovered her marijuana use while she still was employed. Plaintiff, however, presents sufficient evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact with regard to whether Defendant in fact would terminate an employee for this wrongdoing. Specifically, Plaintiff points to the deposition testimony of the Royal Oak store's assistant manager, Sills, where Sills indicated that he and other employees at the Royal Oak Jiffy Lube store used marijuana at work and that Nanney was aware of their use. See Resp. Ex. B at 42. According to Sills, Nanney actually provided marijuana to his employees and told Sills "that if he fired all of the employees who smoked marijuana at Jiffy Lube that he would have no more employees." See id. Plaintiff also notes the deposition testimony of Matthews, Defendant's District Manager, where Matthews states that he knew Sills used marijuana at work. See Resp. Ex. H at 89-90. According to Matthews, the only action he took against Sills for this violation was "talk[ing] to him about it." Id. at 91. The Court therefore cannot find that Defendant is entitled to the after-acquired doctrine defense.
IV. Conclusion
For the above reasons, the Court finds that Defendant is not entitled to summary judgment with respect to any of Plaintiffs claims. While the Michigan Court of Appeals dismissed Plaintiff's hostile work environment claim, holding that Defendant is not vicariously liable for Nanney's conduct pursuant to Michigan law, different standards apply for determining Defendant's liability under Title VII. As set forth previously, unlike the standard applied under Michigan law, an employer is liable for a supervisor's conduct under Title VII unless the harassment did not result in a tangible employment action and the employer *429 can demonstrate an affirmative defense. As set forth previously, the Court finds a genuine issue of material fact with regard to whether Defendant can establish its affirmative defensespecifically, whether Defendant exercised reasonable care to prevent sexual harassment in its workplace. Based on the Michigan Court of Appeals' decisionand because this Court agrees that there are genuine issues of material fact as to whether Plaintiff was subjected to unwelcome sexual conduct or communications and as to whether Plaintiff suffered an adverse employment action the Court concludes that Defendant is not entitled to summary judgment with respect to Plaintiffs retaliation and constructive discharge claims. The Court also finds that Defendant has not established an absence of a genuine issue of material fact with respect to its after-acquired defense.
Accordingly,
IT IS ORDERED, that Defendant's motion for summary judgment is DENIED.
NOTES
[1] In its motion, Defendant also seeks sanctions pursuant to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. At the motion hearing, however, Defendant's counsel informed the Court that Defendant no longer is pursuing its request for sanctions.
[2] The Full Faith and Credit Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1738, requires a federal district court to "give to a state court judgment the same preclusive effect as would be given that judgment under the law of the State in which the judgment was rendered." Migra v. Warren City Sch. Dist. Bd. Educ., 465 U.S. 75, 81, 104 S.Ct. 892, 896, 79 L.Ed.2d 56 (1984); Smith, Hinchman and Grylls, Assoc. v. Tassic, 990 F.2d 256, 257 (6th Cir.1993); see also U.S. CONST. ART. IV, § 1. Under Michigan law, three elements must be satisfied for the doctrine of collateral estoppel or issue preclusion to apply:
(1) "a question of fact essential to the judgment must have been actually litigated and determined by a valid and final judgment";
(2) "the same parties must have had a full [and fair] opportunity to litigate the issue"; and (3) "there must be mutuality of estoppel."
Monat v. State Farm Ins. Co., 469 Mich. 679, 683-84, 677 N.W.2d 843, 845-46 (2004)(quoting Storey v. Meijer, Inc., 431 Mich. 368, 373 n. 3, 429 N.W.2d 169, 171 n. 3 (1988)). As the Michigan Supreme Court explained the third element:
"Mutuality of estoppel requires that in order for a party to estop an adversary from relitigating an issue that party must have been a party, or in privy to a party, in the previous action. In other words, `the estoppel is mutual if the one taking advantage of the earlier adjudication would have been bound by it, had it gone against him.'"
Monat, 469 Mich. at 684, 677 N.W.2d at 846 (quoting Lichon v. Am. Universal Ins. Co., 435 Mich. 408, 427, 459 N.W.2d 288, 297-98 (1990)). In this case, all three requirements are satisfied.
[3] But even if the Court were not bound to accept the Michigan Court of Appeals' ruling that a genuine issue of fact exists, this Court finds, based on the record, that an issue of fact exists.
[4] Defendant also states in its brief that Plaintiff, by her own admission, did not engage in protected activity. See Mot. at 22. The evidence Defendant cites does not support this assertion and clearly Plaintiff alleges in her complaint that she engaged in protected activity when she complained about Nanney's harassment. See Def.'s Mot. Ex. F ¶ 54 [Complaint]; see also Ex. A [Starnes' dep.] at 166:10-16. In the portion of her deposition testimony Defendant cites, see id. Ex. A. at 166:10-18, Plaintiff did not state that she suffered no retaliation; she merely stated that Bob Happy, the manager of Defendant's Roseville store, did not retaliate against her after her transfer.
[5] In its motion, Defendant also argues that Plaintiff has not suffered any damages. See Def.'s Mot. at 24. Defendant contends that "if Plaintiff has any damages at all, they were brought on by herself: she voluntarily quit Defendant's employ, she regularly instigated and participated in sexually charged discussions at work, and she failed to mitigate her damages after she quit." See id. In light of the Michigan Court of Appeals' decision finding a genuine issue of material fact with regard to whether Plaintiff suffered an adverse action as a result of her transfer and this Court's conclusion, see infra, that Defendant has failed to show that it is entitled to summary judgment with respect to Plaintiff's constructive discharge claim, the Court cannot conclude at this juncture that Plaintiff suffered no damages.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | FreeLaw |
For some years now certain individuals – for the sake of argument let's call them "people" – have been coming up to me and saying: "How does someone like Avram Grant keep getting top‑level coaching jobs?"
It was easy to see why these questers are seeking enlightenment; even to the point of believing I can deliver it. Grant is by all accounts a thoroughly decent chap, but to me his career always calls to mind the summary of the Boro manager Bryan Robson during his final months at the Riverside Stadium that was offered up one drizzle-tormented Saturday afternoon by a burly bloke from North Ormesby with the timbre of a fractured exhaust: "If he fell in a barrel of tits, he'd come out sucking his thumb."
How then had a man so singularly drained of hap as the 57-year-old Israeli ended up controlling Chelsea, Portsmouth and West Ham United? I had no idea. Then last week a friend of mine who is a research scientist started explaining to me the nature of clinical trials – you have the product that is under scrutiny, a positive control and a negative control or placebo.
As soon as I heard this I surmised what was going on: somebody – I'm not certain who they are, but surely the white-coated boffins of the Sir Norman Chester Institute will have something to do with it – have been carrying out a clinical trial on football managers, and Avram Grant is the distilled water. Yes, he looks like a genuine football manager, he sounds like a genuine football manager, but any effect he has, whether it is positive or negative, on the guinea pigs – for the sake of argument let's call them "footballers" – who are given him in the trial is purely psychological.
First off the researchers used Grant to test the effectiveness of other managers in the Big Four. The positive control in this experiment is clearly Sir Alex Ferguson. We know for certain that Sir Alex works – 12 Premiership titles are proof enough of that – even if he can have unfortunate side-effects (the tearing out of hair, raised blood pressure, the urge to yell: "Stop blaming the refs for everything, you puce hoodlum" at the telly).
The trial was conducted over the course of a season and – Oh dear, the inert substance did rather well – second place in the Premier League, Champions League runners-up and beaten finalists in the League Cup. In fact only the positive control was more effective, leading – or at least so I would imagine, for as yet no findings have been published – the researchers to conclude that when it comes to running a top English club a sugar-coated pill is more effective than either Arsène Wenger or Rafa Benítez.
In the next set of trials the placebo/Grant was used to test managers at the lower end of the Premier League. The positive control adopted was Sam Allardyce, who despite being criticised by the estimable Johnny Giles for a lack of "humidity", has proven at this level to be very efficacious if not always immediately attractive – like removing a bunion with a belt-sander.
At Portsmouth and West Ham the placebo proved ineffective in the league, but surprisingly retained its psychological effect in the knockout competitions where it proved more effective than most other products that it was tested against – Steve Bruce, for example.
This is not to denigrate the Sunderland boss, who is the nearest thing the English touchline has seen to Gérard Depardieu. Besides, Bruce was clearly prey to exterior issues that did not effect Grant – not least a slight case of Fems (Future England Manager Syndrome, an affliction that has torpedoed the careers of men from Trevor Francis to Aidy Boothroyd) and a more severe outbreak of PSSAC (Possible Successor To Sir Alex Complaint, which has likewise had an enervating effect on Roy Keane and Mark Hughes).
Steve, I should add, has also shown himself to be one of the few coaches who are verbalistically (as Wenger might say) capable of filling the gap left by Sir Bobby Robson. "The one area of the pitch where we are a threat is the top end," is one splendid Bruceism. While his summarising of the talents of the Benin midfielder Stéphane Sessègnon – "He is a little packet of dynamite" with "a small centre of gravity" – was straight out of the top pocket. In a world in which managers – under the guidance of the FA's new elite-performance director of bland corporate babble, Gareth Southgate – are increasingly given to saying nothing whatsoever in the least interesting manner possible over the longest timeframe, this sort of impish linguistic whimsy is to be welcomed.
So what of the clinical trials of football managers? Some will claim that the tests are flawed due to a whole raft of outside influences that are beyond the control of any coach – referees, luck, Joey Barton, that sort of thing. Others will say that Grant is not the only placebo out there, and that in truth, as far as anyone can judge, every manager is simply an inert pill in a blind test of football faith. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
By Richard Engel, Alastair Jamieson and Ghazi Balkiz, NBC News
The U.N. Security Council said Wednesday it was necessary to clarify reports from Syria's opposition that hundreds of civilians – including many women and children – have been killed in chemical weapons attacks.
The council, however, stopped short of demanding a probe by U.N. investigators in Syria -- although said it welcomed U.N. chief Ban Ki-moon's calls for one.
"There is a strong concern among council members about the allegations and a general sense that there must be clarity on what happened and the situation must be followed closely," Argentina's U.N. ambassador, Maria Cristina Perceval said following the emergency meeting.
Activists and rebel fighters accused Syrian President Bashar Assad’s forces of firing chemical-tipped weapons into rebel-held areas near the capital, Damascus, in the early hours.
The Obama administration "strongly condemned" the reported use of the weapons which, if confirmed, would be by far the worst known use of poison gas during the country’s deadly civil war.
The White House called for Assad to allow an immediate and transparent U.N. investigation of the incident.
White House spokesman Josh Earnest said Wednesday that a U.N. team is on the ground in Syria to conduct the investigation and acknowledged that the United States does not have independent confirmation that chemical weapons were used.
“We are hopeful that the Assad regime will follow through on what they have claimed previously, that they are interested in a credible investigation that gets to the bottom of reports that chemical weapons have been used,” Earnest said.
Videos apparently showing the graphic and disturbing aftermath of the alleged attacks on the rebel-held eastern Damascus suburb of Ghouta were posted to social media but could not be independently verified. The clips showed children choking and vomiting, while adults writhed in agony.
State television denied the opposition claims, which it said were disseminated deliberately to distract United Nations chemical weapons experts who arrived in the country on Monday.
Musab abu Qutada, a spokesman for the local military council of the Free Syria Army, who is in the area near where the attacks took place, said the death toll had reached more than 1,200. NBC News could not verify the claim.
Several towns and villages to the east and north of the capital were attacked by surface-to-surface missiles beginning around 2 a.m. Wednesday (7 p.m. Tuesday ET), the rebel spokesman said.
Syrian activists inspect the bodies of people they say were killed by nerve gas in the Ghouta region near Damascus on Wednesday.
“The deceased and the wounded are in field hospitals,” he said in a Skype interview. “We have about 1,228 victims. We are in need of medicine. We are in need of medical staff.”
The “chemical bombardment” was so strong that doctors at the scene had also died from the effects of the gas, he said.
“There were some symptoms like numbing of the body, constricted pupils of the eye, foam coming out of the mouth, paleness of faces, shortness of breath," he said.
“The areas that were targeted were civilian areas, they are not military areas. They targeted women and children to apply pressure on the Free Syrian Army.”
The gas was heavy and sunk into basements, witnesses told NBC News. Some people lit tires on fire, hoping the smoke from the burning tires would offset the gas. The black smoke, however, only created more chaos and panic.
A doctor said some victims reported smelling a faint odor of insecticide at the time of the rocket attacks. Most of the victims were sleeping when the attacks took place.
The first rocket assaults on the eastern villages lasted roughly an hour; then, villages to the north began to be attacked in the same way -- surface-to-surface rockets that exploded to release a poison gas.
Conflicting death tolls from different sources could not immediately be reconciled by NBC News. Witness accounts are impossible to verify because Syria does not allow journalists to operate freely inside its borders.
Advertise | AdChoices
The opposition Local Coordination Committees in Syria put the death toll at more than 755, saying several areas had been hit by “shelling with poisonous gases.”
It said the areas hit included Ein Tarma and Zamalka in eastern Ghouta and Mouadamieh in western Ghouta.
Susan Ahmad, who lives just over one mile from the areas, described a smell in the air and reported having burning, red eyes and dizziness after the attacks.
“There is a very strange smell and it’s a very ugly one,” she told NBC News’ U.K. partner ITV News. “It’s nasty. You feel like there is something wrong in the air."
She added: “The death toll is likely to be higher and higher because don’t have enough [medicine] to save lives.”
Bayan Baker, a nurse at a field hospital in Douma, told Reuters that the death toll from the attack, collated from medical centers in the region, was 213.
"Many of the casualties are women and children. They arrived with their pupils dilated, cold limbs and foam in their mouths. The doctors say these are typical symptoms of nerve gas victims," she said.
I understand the points made by Patteau and Walker, and felt very much the same for most of my life, but over the past decade or so, I no longer believe in the leadership of this country and am very suspect that this "leadership" has my best interest in mind for either me as a citizen, or my son, as a soldier, or really any of us for that matter. That being said, it would be totally up to my son. If he felt it his duty and privilege, I wouldn't stand in his way.
This would be a war of aggression. Why should me or my family to go and die in a war in which America will gain nothing and there is no threat to the country or populace at all?
This is one of the dangers of having a standing military, people want to use it. There is no greater waste of blood and treasure then war.
This wasn't specifically about the Syrian situation. We don't go to war without believing that there's at least some threat to the country or populace. Unfortunately but necessarily, we don't exist in a society where every citizen is fully informed and capable of judging what the threat is, but instead rely on a representative form of government to evaluate these things for us.
Some of the dangers of not having a standing military are ineffective diplomacy, no ability to defend your interests, and being at the mercy of those who do.
__________________
“The American people are tired of liars and people who pretend to be something they’re not.” - Hillary Clinton
I understand the points made by Patteau and Walker, and felt very much the same for most of my life, but over the past decade or so, I no longer believe in the leadership of this country and am very suspect that this "leadership" has my best interest in mind for either me as a citizen, or my son, as a soldier, or really any of us for that matter. That being said, it would be totally up to my son. If he felt it his duty and privilege, I wouldn't stand in his way.
I agree that it's their choice and as a father I'd love my son no matter what he chose. In other words, if I had a son, I wouldn't excommunicate him from the family for dodging a draft even though I don't think it's the right thing to do.
__________________
“The American people are tired of liars and people who pretend to be something they’re not.” - Hillary Clinton
Here's why your son goes: because it's your country. Because the country is run by the people that you and I elected, and if it's a mistake, then we go with it. Because if we each stood on our own and questioned every single decision, we'd never stand together as a country. Because you don't know as much as the leadership does. Because if your son runs to Canada, his neighbor is going to have to take up the slack and may end up eating a bullet.
But yes, you should question war. You should also question the s*** out of the government, vigorously and often. Our country was designed so that we can and should do exactly that, and it works. You - we - should question who we vote for, because when we vote, we are endorsing someone to decide when and how and if to send your son into combat, and therefore you should vote for someone who shares your view on that. That shady politician didn't inherit his position; he was put there by you.
The fact that only about half of the people in this country give enough of a s*** to vote on who sends our young men to war is pretty damn shameful, if you ask me.
This is a much better post than mine was.
__________________
“The American people are tired of liars and people who pretend to be something they’re not.” - Hillary Clinton
This wasn't specifically about the Syrian situation. We don't go to war without believing that there's at least some threat to the country or populace. Unfortunately but necessarily, we don't exist in a society where every citizen is fully informed and capable of judging what the threat is, but instead rely on a representative form of government to evaluate these things for us.
Your reasoning is crap and recent history shows that it is crap. The US has gone to war where no one believed the people we were fighting were a threat to the country or populace.
Quote:
Some of the dangers of not having a standing military are ineffective diplomacy, no ability to defend your interests, and being at the mercy of those who do.
The ocean and the 2nd amendment are much bigger protections against foreign aggression then a standing military is. 'A rifle behind every blade of grass' is a deterrent much pricklier then a standing army.
Already we can see Cochise willing to believe anything about Syria. Smells like Iraq. But don't you know that Syria's Christian back Assad?
Where did I say I was willing to believe anything? I asked for an explanation. If things aren't as they seem - that the side which is known to possess chemical weapons and has used them before used them again - then what happened?
I'm not going to side with someone who gasses whole civilian neighborhoods no matter what religion his followers are.
Not our war, it's disgusting (if actually true which I have my doubts) but we need to steer clear. I've seen the same type of claims from both sides, I repeat this is NOT Our war.
Frankly, I don't care if crazy muslims A want to kill crazy muslims B and they slice each other up for 20 or 30 years. If they keep it within their borders then they can fight it out forever for all I care.
When they dothings like gassing kids, the international community can do something. I'm not talking about military intervention, I don't see any situation where we should have an American foot on the ground in Syria, but the world should do something beyond the Obama Doctrine, dithering and taking polls.
Your reasoning is crap and recent history shows that it is crap. The US has gone to war where no one believed the people we were fighting were a threat to the country or populace.
I'm in no way an advocate for war in all of those places, but it doesn't take a genius to see that we have energy and trade interests throughout the middle east and that we had an interest in stemming the spread of the Soviet sphere of influence in our neighborhood.
Narrowly defining "threat" to include only threats to our homeland soil and our citizens therein, is crap.
Quote:
Originally Posted by GloucesterChief
The ocean and the 2nd amendment are much bigger protections against foreign aggression then a standing military is. 'A rifle behind every blade of grass' is a deterrent much pricklier then a standing army.
Welcome to the modern world were our economy is globally dependent and the power to inflict great damage is more portable than ever. Those rifles didn't do much to prevent 9/11, they won't deter foreign navies from blocking trade routes, and they won't make foreign governments give even a first thought, much less a second one, before they confiscate the overseas property of an American company or persecute American expatriates.
The level of demilitarization and isolationism that you're advocating is even more silly than the people who want to force other countries to adopt our way of life at the end of a gun.
__________________
“The American people are tired of liars and people who pretend to be something they’re not.” - Hillary Clinton
This is an example of why our country is weak. People going their own way when the going gets tough. War sucks and we don't involve ourselves in it lightly, but when we do we need to pull together or we can't expect to be able to make a difference. And the more incapable we are to fight a war, the more likely it is that we'll be invited against our will to join one.
The good news is that we aren't going to have a draft again unless the country is really in dire straits (or if radically liberal politicians manage to make equal exposure to service across socio-economic and racial lines trump national security).
No one wants their child to die. But no one wants their child to die so your child can hide safely in Canada either.
we've been fighting perpetual wars for decades. sit down and . Calling out somebody because they do not want to join the military to kill people.
I'm in no way an advocate for war in all of those places, but it doesn't take a genius to see that we have energy and trade interests throughout the middle east and that we had an interest in stemming the spread of the Soviet sphere of influence in our neighborhood.
Narrowly defining "threat" to include only threats to our homeland soil and our citizens therein, is crap.
Your elected representatives in all their esteemed glory decided that we needed to go to war in all those places. We have trade interests yes but those interests don't need to be backed up by the point of a gun. The US government is not there to be the stick behind American businesses. So send your kid to die to protect the property of American businesses because the elected representatives that you hold in high esteem decided that is a higher priority then the life or health of the populace.
The Soviets would of collapsed with or without American intervention. In fact the further they expanded their holdings the faster it would of happened. The Soviet economy only worked because of the massive black market and shadow economy within the CCCP.
Quote:
Welcome to the modern world were our economy is globally dependent and the power to inflict great damage is more portable than ever.
And if we didn't try to stick our nose in everybody's business and play world cop. We wouldn't have much backlash.
Quote:
Those rifles didn't do much to prevent 9/11,
If we would of stayed out of the business in the Middle East, Osama would of stayed targeting the Saudi regime instead of the US.
Quote:
they won't deter foreign navies from blocking trade routes,
Who would be stupid enough to do that? America is the largest economy in the world. You make more money trading with us then raiding us.
Quote:
and they won't make foreign governments give even a first thought, much less a second one, before they confiscate the overseas property of an American company or persecute American expatriates.
Buyer beware. If the company guesses that such a government is stable enough to not do so and guesses wrong why should blood and treasure be spent on a private companies gamble?
Quote:
The level of demilitarization and isolationism that you're advocating is even more silly than the people who want to force other countries to adopt our way of life at the end of a gun.
If you haven't noticed we are broke. We are heavy in debt. Part of that is social spending and part of that is our overseas adventurism and military spending. You know why the taxes were levied on the colonists that eventually led them to rebellion? It was because the British government was broke due to their overseas wars against France.
Frankly, I don't care if crazy muslims A want to kill crazy muslims B and they slice each other up for 20 or 30 years. If they keep it within their borders then they can fight it out forever for all I care.
When they dothings like gassing kids, the international community can do something. I'm not talking about military intervention, I don't see any situation where we should have an American foot on the ground in Syria, but the world should do something beyond the Obama Doctrine, dithering and taking polls.
Agree 1000%
Find the perpetrators hold them accountable. We need to ace the pottery barn rule. We dont have to nation build in every country we touch.
Send in drones; send these aholes to the Hague, something.
Like i said, i also tend to agree with the people who dont want another war. But i dont know why its always in for a penny in for a pound. Were going broke with that philosophy | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Q:
Using mutexes in Go
I am trying to understand how mutexes work. From my understanding so far, it is made to carry atomic operations and synchronize access to some data.
I built an example of a queue data structure here: https://github.com/arnauddri/algorithms/blob/master/data-structures%2Fqueue%2Fqueue.go
Here is a bit of the code:
package queue
import "sync"
type Queue struct {
queue []interface{}
len int
lock *sync.Mutex
}
func New() *Queue {
queue := &Queue{}
queue.queue = make([]interface{}, 0)
queue.len = 0
return queue
}
func (q *Queue) Push(el interface{}) {
q.lock.Lock()
defer q.lock.Unlock()
q.queue = append(q.queue, el)
q.len++
}
However when I try to create a queue and push an item to it I get a runtime error:
q := New()
q.Push(1)
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference [recovered]
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
I really don't understand what is happening here.
How should I use the Mutex here?
Many thanks
A:
You get that error because you did not allocated any mutex, you have only a pointer to a mutex.
Mutex usually are declared inside the structure and without the pointer. See working example below:
http://play.golang.org/p/8LF3yVOkSW
import "sync"
type Queue struct {
len int
lock sync.Mutex // add it before the fields that are being protected by the mutex
queue []interface{}
}
func New() *Queue {
queue := &Queue{}
queue.queue = make([]interface{}, 0)
queue.len = 0
return queue
}
func (q *Queue) Push(el interface{}) {
q.lock.Lock()
defer q.lock.Unlock()
q.queue = append(q.queue, el)
q.len++
}
func main() {
q := New()
q.Push(1)
}
A:
Looks like the issue is that you're never instantiating the mutex. When you run the New() function you're creating an empty Queue with a variable that can reference a mutex, but you never actually tell it to do so, which means that at this point queue.lock == nil. You can fix this by adding in an instantiation line to your New() function.
queue.lock = new(sync.Mutex)
Here is a playground demo that works: http://play.golang.org/p/Qa6buDaHIj
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | StackExchange |
With the left looking for its next big cause, Congressional Democrats have latched onto the Sandy Hook massacre as an opportunity to push gun control. Yesterday alone, eight new bills were introduced relating to gun control. Two conservative bills were introduced relating to ending “gun free zones” under federal law.
Rep. Carolyn McCarthy (D-NY) led the way with four bills introduced. Her husband was shot to death in 1993 and her son was severely injured when Colin Ferguson, a mentally unstable black militant (he spent time in his apartment chanting, “all the black people killing all the white people”), shot up a Long Island commuter train.
She has been a longtime gun control advocate. In 1997, she tried to push a federal law that would have mandated trigger locks on all firearms. She introduced legislation that would have forced gun companies to produce firearms that were “child-resistant.” In 2007, she tried an “assault weapons” ban that would have targeted some 65 types of firearms.
The measures McCarthy introduced include:
• Significant restrictions on gun show transactions, which would in effect end gun shows;
• No online purchases of ammunition, and licensing of ammunition dealers, as well as reporting to the federal government all bulk ammunition purchases;
• Prohibition on the transfer, sale, or possession of ammunition clips beyond a certain size.
Read the FULL STORY here:
On First Day, Democrats Propose Eight Anti-Gun Bills
This is a copy of the email I sent to Pres. Obama, Sen. Cornyn (R-TX), Sen. Cruz (R-TX) and Rep. Sessions (R-TX). I don’t just BLOG, I get involved and I let our elected officials know exactly what is on my mind. I don’t hang an anonymous BLOG out there; I put MY butt on the line, every day! I just hope the *R* behind these names doesn’t truly stand for RINO…
Sirs:
I realize that the job of a hard-core Liberal President is to make as much traction as possible any time some idiot goes off and uses a gun to kill people.
That is NOT the job of Conservative Senators and Congressmen.
After the *fiscal cliff* debacle, where Sen. Cornyn and Rep. Sessions gave in to the White House, I am seriously questioning their Conservatism, and I am not bashful in saying so. I only hope that in the coming battle over the Second Amendment and gun owners rights that Sen. Cornyn and Sen. Cruz will stand with the American gun owner, as well as sincerely hoping Rep. Sessions does the same.
Gentlemen, we have more than enough gun laws and restrictions as it stands, enforce the laws we have and take guns out of the hands of criminals and the insane. Don’t punish MILLIONS of gun owners because occasionally a CRAZY person slips through YOUR system of gun verifications.
My friends, make NO mistake, we are in for one hell of a fight, and we will need all of our elected officials on board with us in this effort. There is NO room for indecision, there is no room for bi-partisan, reach across the aisle *giving in* to the Democrats on this one.
If our elected officials, Senators and Congress members, are NOT of the RIGHT of this issue, they need to be on the OUTSIDE, looking in, as they are removed from public service and ostracized for the despicable cretins they really are.
ok this looks legit . WTF dosent the NRA site have anything?????????????????????/
WHAT ARE THE DETAILS WHAT IS THE BILL NUMBER?????
Pema Levy 2:01 PM EST, Thursday January 3, 2013
Rep. Diana DeGette (D-CO) introduced a bill to ban high-capacity magazines Thursday, the first day of the 113th Congress, the Associated Press reports. DeGette represents the district where the 1999 Columbine school shooting took place.
Rep. Diana DeGette, D-Colo., introduced a ban on high-capacity magazines in the House earlier today, the first day of the new session of Congress.
According to the AP, DeGette introduced the bill with Rep. Carolyn McCarthy, D-N.Y., whose husband was killed in a 1993 mass shooting on the Long Island Rail Road in New York. From the AP:
[DeGette]‘s district includes the site of the 1999 massacre at Columbine High School. It is also adjacent to last year’s Aurora movie theater shooting site. In both of those attacks, the shooters’ rifles were modified with high-capacity magazines. Those devices allow attackers to fire dozens of bullets without pausing to reload.
Though it’s still unclear whether a ban can pass the Republican-controlled House, there were some promising signs from at least one Republican earlier today.
Rep. Peter King, also from New York, said on “Morning Joe”: ”I voted for the assault weapon ban back in 1994. My father was a police officer. I really don’t know why people need assault weapons.”
And Rep. Jeff Flake, R-Ariz., an extremely conservative congressman with an A rating from the NRA, said he was “troubled” by NRA chief Wayne LaPierre’s proposal to put armed police officers in every school in the country.
“I was troubled by that proposal, greatly troubled by that kind of Washington mandate, federal involvement in local schools,” Flake said in an interview with KTVK on Wednesday. “Schools, with regard to curriculum, with regard to teachers and staffing, those decisions are best made on the local level … As well as security issues are best made at the local level as well, not some edict from Washington.” | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
In case you missed this - interesting perspective.
---------------------- Forwarded by Peggy Mahoney/HOU/EES on 08/28/2000 01:26
PM ---------------------------
kpope@enron.com on 08/28/2000 11:45:00 AM
To: <pmahoney@enron.com>, <meberts@enron.com>, <kpope@enron.com>
cc:
Subject: Industry News: Consumers Grow More Anxious As They Are Cut Loose In
<B>Electricity's< ...
fyi from kpope@enron.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------
E-mailed by: Dow Jones Interactive (R) Server Software
Folder: Industry News
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Headlines:
Consumers Grow More Anxious As They Are Cut Loose In <B>Electricity's</B>
New
Free Market
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Metropolitan Desk; Section 1
Feeling Powerless In
Consumers Grow More Anxious As They Are Cut Loose In <B>Electricity's</B>
New
Free Market
By KIRK JOHNSON
Aug. 27, 2000
New York Times
Page 29, Column 2
c. 2000 New York Times Company
Over the last 20 years, a dogma has taken root in America that says
people would be happier and better off if they were all continually
shopping for the best deals. Consumers, according to this theory, should
be empowered and freed from the old business monopolies and the dictates
of fussy bureaucrats.
So airlines were deregulated, and telephone service, and then the
Internet arrived, giving people the ability to choose from 10 different
sellers of the same merchandise. The bull market on Wall Street brought
5,000 mutual funds begging for attention. Having more choices became an
end in itself.
But for millions of people, especially in New York and California,
the doctrine of the sovereign consumer has come into question this
summer around a commodity that most had taken completely for granted:
<B>electricity</B>. A recently deregulated <B>energy</B> market, which was
supposed to
increase choices and reduce prices, has, for most residents, done
nothing of the kind. Many community leaders and politicians, calling for
investigations and caps on rising <B>electricity</B> bills -- up 30
percent to
40 percent from those of last August in many areas -- have denounced
<B>energy</B> <B>deregulation</B> as either a failure or a fraud.
Some social scientists say that the anxiety over <B>energy</B> is
exposing
something even deeper in the human wiring. At a time when protesters
have railed in Seattle and Washington against chain stores and global
branding, and prominent social critics have denounced the intrusion of
endless choice into every corner of life -- a phenomenon that Barry
Schwartz, a psychologist at Swarthmore College, calls ''the tyranny of
freedom'' -- the public's worries about <B>electricity</B> may say more
about
human nature than about kilowatts.
Perhaps, this alternative theory says, there is a point at which
people no longer wish to be autonomous, rational consumers at all. Maybe
they would just as soon delegate their decisions regarding some
transactions, as they did when Consolidated Edison was the only game in
town and government was assigned to make sure that the company played by
the rules. Maybe when it comes to <B>electricity</B>, a mysterious and
dangerous thing that is also the foundation of modern living, Americans
are just a little afraid to be alone.
''In the past we trusted that state regulators who were appointed by
our elected officials were watching out for us, which may or may not
have been true,'' said Edward A. Smeloff, a former utility industry
official who runs a research group on <B>electricity</B> at Pace
University.
''The new model is, 'Figure it out for yourself.' ''
Some economists and <B>energy</B> industry experts say the sense of
powerlessness and confusion that many people feel is perhaps as much a
source of anxiety and anger as higher <B>electricity</B> bills. The
players
have all changed and no one seems to be in charge.
The old Brooklyn Union Gas Company, for example, still remembered by
many New York residents for the fuzzy, feel-good images of its
advertising, has become the cool and metallic-sounding KeySpan
<B>Energy</B>.
The old Con Ed, on the other hand, was like a crotchety grandfather who
sometimes had to be prodded and yelled at, but who nonetheless presided
over the system.
The company now throws up its hands and says it is not responsible
for recent price increases; Con Ed's wires are simply a delivery
mechanism for the unregulated corporations that own generating plants,
Con Ed's chairman said at a recent hearing at City Hall.
Opinion poll takers say anxiety about deregulation may also have
something to do with a contradiction in the American psyche that they
say has opened up in recent years, a contradiction about what people
really want. Surveys conducted by Yankelovich Partners, a research and
consulting firm based in Norwalk, Conn., have said, for example, that a
majority of people want more control over the details of their lives,
but a majority also want to simplify their lives, a result that Barbara
R. Caplan, a partner at the firm, has called ''the paradox of our
time.''
Deregulated <B>energy</B> arrived right in the middle of those
conflicting
goals; because only a handful of <B>energy</B> competitors have been
attracted
to the New York market, most people still do not have much choice in
their <B>electricity</B>, and yet it all seems more complicated than ever,
as
well as more expensive.
Another factor, some researchers say, may be a result of timing.
People have had experience with deregulation, and they have seen that it
did not always unfold to their benefit. The hub-and-spoke system
developed by the airline industry, for example, has given airlines
near-monopoly power at many airports around the country, resulting in
less competition, not more. Consumers have also seen that although tools
like the Internet have made buyers more powerful in getting good prices,
corporations on the other side of the transaction have become more
powerful, too, in gathering information about them.
''Years ago, you went into an auto dealership and had to negotiate to
buy a car, but only the corporate side had knowledge of what the real
costs were,'' said Mark L. Gillenson, a professor of management
information systems at the University of Memphis. ''Now you go into the
Internet, and lots of places will give you that information for free.''
On the other hand, Professor Gillenson said, the data that corporations
are collecting about people are creating what the old car dealer could
never have imagined: knowledge about what people want before they even
ask.
Lurking behind all those forces, some psychologists say, is the
growing sense that people are simply being asked to decide too much.
Economic deregulation has accompanied what may be called social
deregulation, as issues that were not even considered decisions in the
past have become issues of conscious choice: whether to get married and
have children, or how to express oneself sexually, as gay, straight or
somewhere in between.
And the more choices there are, the more it can seem possible to
achieve an ideal result in every case, leading to a doomed, treadmill
kind of behavior often seen in people who continually change their
long-distance telephone service as they endlessly seek an incremental
price advantage.
''Over what domains in life are you supposed to have control?'' said
Professor Schwartz, the Swarthmore College psychologist. ''Nobody gets
depressed when you can't control the weather, and years ago nobody got
depressed because they couldn't control your telecommunications or
<B>electricity</B> either, because those things couldn't be controlled,''
he
said. ''But now you can, or you're told that you can, and so you're
going to be continually frustrated.''
And <B>electricity</B> is also just different. Unlike a telephone call,
or
an airline ticket, nobody ever really wants to buy <B>electricity</B>
itself --
rather, people buy its expression and result: a cold beer in the fridge,
a light to read by. By the standards of American marketing, it is barely
a product at all.
''People want to make choices about clothes and restaurants and what
houses they live in, but a lot of us would rather not be bothered with
having to make a choice about <B>electricity</B>,'' said Wendy Kaminer, a
public policy fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in
Cambridge, Mass. ''It's not a desire to be disempowered,'' Ms. Kaminer
added. ''It's a desire not to be bothered.''
Finally, some experts think that the long bull market for stocks, in
which share prices mostly just go up, has made people forget a
fundamental truth about how markets work: they are genuinely fair only
over the long run, while at any given time, there are likely to be as
many losers as winners.
''Deregulation and privatization were sold implicitly on the
assumption that everybody can win from this, but I'm hard pressed to
find an example in the real world where that has happened,'' said Willis
Emmons, a professor in the strategy, public policy and ethics department
at Georgetown University's business school. Right now, Professor Emmons
added, ''maybe somebody is winning, but it isn't the consumer.''
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Altered expression of gamma-synuclein and detoxification-related genes in lungs of rats exposed to JP-8.
Many military personnel are at risk of lung damage or systemic toxicity as a result of exposure to the jet fuel JP-8. We have now used microarray analysis to characterize changes in the gene expression profile of lung tissue induced by exposure of rats to JP-8 at a concentration of 171 or 352 mg/m(3) for 1 h/d for 7 d, with the higher dose estimated to mimic the level of occupational exposure in humans. The expression of 56 genes was significantly affected by a factor of </= 0.6 or >/= 1.5 by JP-8 at the low dose. Eighty-six percent of these genes were downregulated by JP-8. The expression of 66 genes was similarly affected by JP-8 at the higher dose, with the expression of 42% of these genes being upregulated. Prominent among the latter genes was that for the centrosome-associated protein gamma-synuclein, whose expression was consistently increased. The expression of various genes related to antioxidant responses and detoxification, including those for glutathione S-transferases and cytochrome P450 proteins, were also upregulated. The microarray data were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Our extensive data set may thus provide important insight into the pulmonary response to occupational exposure to JP-8 in humans. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Abstracts |
⦁ Sincere favors and a “good” reputation are priceless and go a loooong way
From his meager beginnings as a young businessman, Vito Corleone (nee Andolini,) knew that everyone has something they want, and everybody has a price, monetary or not. When Young Man Vito asks Signor Roberto to allow a friend’s mother to stay in her flat after being evicted, Don Roberto is apoplectic and initially refuses to grant the favor, which included a six-month advance on the woman’s rent on her behalf. (Don) Vito Corleone, while remaining completely calm and genial, politely advises Signor Roberto to ask around the neighborhood about him and inquire about his reputation.
The next morning, hat literally in hand, Signor Roberto visits Corleone at his office, apologizing profusely for his behavior, offers a $10 reduction in the rent, and even returns the money to Corleone that was previously offered as a bribe to change Don Roberto’s mind.
The Takeaways: 1) Let others be your mouthpiece and your biggest cheerleaders. You don’t have to brag about yourself if you have a reputation for getting things done and being respectable, and 2) Never be in someone’s pocket.
⦁ It isn’t worth the money if the business is too dirty
The Corleone family’s official business was in the import and sale of olive oil (Art Van DeLay would be so proud,) but the real strength behind the power was in organized crime, and by extension, politics. Still, with their involvement in already immoral, unethical, and illegal activity, Don Vito refused to get involved into a highly lucrative heroin distribution operation, citing that drugs are a “dirty business.” Though Don Corleone did not pass judgement on those who engage in such a trade, he knew that to involve himself in the business would not only lower his status as a businessman, but also open himself and his family to more violence, something of which the Corleone family didn’t need any more.
The Takeaway: All the money in the world can’t make a disreputable living reputable, so if the work is intolerable, the money won’t make it any better.
⦁ “Never get between a man and woman”
Instructed by Don Vito to his eldest, Sonny, stating that he should not involve himself in a husband and wife’s public argument on a private matter. This is not solely applicable to married couples, even though this move by the couple is in extremely poor taste and makes for a very uncomfortable experience.
The Takeaways: Never involve yourself in a squabble between people that do not involve you, even if they choose to do so in the middle of an important meeting. That’s their faux pas. Don’t make it your problem.
⦁ Respect begets respect, and Disrespect Begets a Horse’s Head
Don Vito was always respectful and genial with the people with whom he associated, even when that courtesy wasn’t returned (as with the aforementioned Signor Roberto.) Later, when a film producer disrespected and berated Corleone mericlessly, Don Vito had the producer’s prized horse beheaded, and the rest is one of the most famous scense in film history.
The Takeaway: Don’t lower yourself to someone’s level, even when they deserve it. Simply smile (which will infuriate them–thank you Sun Tzu,) then respond in kind. Equinicide not advised or necessary.
⦁ The best revenge is massive success…and also bumping off the guy who murdered your mother
Young Vito Andolini had to flee from his Sicilian village of Corleone for his life after seeing his mother killed before his very eyes by the ruthless Don Ciccio. When he arrived at Ellis Island, “Vito Andolini di Corleone” became Vito Corleone, American citizen. He eventually builds himself into the patriarch and success that we have come to revere, later avenging his mother’s death and killing Don Ciccio himself when he returns to Sicily as an adult.
The Takeaway: Nothing angers your rivals more or is more satisfying than you attaining massive success. Also: don’t murder people.
⦁ Listen & act like Michael, Fight like Sonny
The youngest of the Corleone boys was, in many ways, his father’s favorite. A hero of World War II, Michael eventually succeeds his father as capo upon the death of his father, ahead of his older brothers Sonny, a hothead given to fits of rage and having a keen sense of opening his mouth at the most inopportune times, and Fredo, the bumbling ne’er-do-well who eventually breaks the Unforgivable Sin.
The Takeaway: Listen more than you speak, only fight when it’s absolutely necessary, and never be disloyal.
⦁ “We do not discuss business at the table”
Dinnertime is dinnertime. A time when the family or friends gather to catch up on each others’ lives. Dinnertime comes in many forms: Holiday meals, Sunday dinners, drinks with friends, playing golf, watching a soccer match, or doing a Netflix marathon of It’s Always Sunny –it doesn’t have to mean sitting at the table with three generations of blood relatives.
The Takeaway: Business is business and personal time is personal time, which is necessary to maintain sanity and maintain the balance of a hectic work life. Don’t cheapen one by involving the other, or personal time will cease to be.
⦁ Dress To Kill
No. You do not need to wear a three-piece twenty-four hours a day. Nor do you have to have a pocket watch, pocket square, Rolex Submariner, or $750 pair of Bruno Magli shoes. But you won’t see too many (if any) scenes where a member of the Corleones had a hair or stitch out of place. Even if the were in the middle of committing heinous crimes, they looked like thirty-seven million dollars.
The Takeaway: Even if you don’t have a Saville Row tailor on speed dial, ALWAYS look as good as the activity, weather, and social environment dictate or allow. Being stylish isn’t about wearing a westcoat and top hat everywhere you go, but about showing that you pay attention to the details and that you have pride in your appearance, which ABSOLUTELY matters. No one ever took points off for someone dressing a notch nicer than they should.
*Manner is based in Jacksonville, Florida and its editors are huge fans of two-thirds of the Godfather trilogy. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
711 A.2d 1228 (1997)
POTOMAC RESIDENCE CLUB and Woodley Housing Corporation, Appellants,
v.
WESTERN WORLD INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellee.
WESTERN WORLD INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellant,
v.
POTOMAC RESIDENCE CLUB and Woodley Housing Corporation, Appellees.
Nos. 95-CV-1266, 95-CV-1268.
District of Columbia Court of Appeals.
Argued January 23, 1997.
Decided December 4, 1997.
Amended January 8, 1998.
*1229 John L. Moore, Jr., with whom Stephen R. Mysliwiec and James P. Rathvon, Washington, DC, were on the brief, for appellants in No. 95-CV-1266 and appellees in No. 95-CV-1268.
David F. Grimaldi, Washington, DC, for appellee in No. 95-CV-1266 and appellant in No. 95-CV-1268.
Before SCHWELB, KING, and RUIZ, Associate Judges.
SCHWELB, Associate Judge:
The principal question presented in this appeal is whether an insured is entitled to recover its counsel fees in a successful action for a declaratory judgment in which the insured has established that its liability insurer wrongfully refused to defend it in a tort action brought against the insured by third parties. The question is one of first impression in this jurisdiction. We answer it in the affirmative.
I.
THE FACTS
A. The insurance policy.
Potomac Residence Club operates several mental health programs in the District of Columbia. Woodley Housing Corporation, a subsidiary or "sister corporation" of Potomac Residence Club, owns "Woodley House," a psychiatric halfway house. In this opinion, we shall refer to Potomac Residence Club and Woodley Housing Corporation collectively as "Potomac Residence."
In the fall of 1990, Western World Insurance Company issued a comprehensive general liability policy to Potomac Residence. The policy provided three types of coverage: (i) Owners', Landlords' and Tenants' Liability Insurance; (ii) Personal Injury Liability Insurance; and (iii) Professional Liability Insurance.
Under the terms of the policy, Western World agreed to indemnify Potomac Residence for "all sums which [Potomac Residence] shall become legally obligated to pay as damages because of ... bodily injury," subject to certain exclusions. Western World also agreed to pay
all sums which [Potomac Residence] shall become legally obligated to pay as damages because of liability arising out of any negligent act, error or omission in rendering or failing to render professional services of the type described in the description of hazard shown above, whether committed by the insured or any person employed by the insured....
The policy defined "professional services" as "mental health rehabilitation counseling and housing." According to the terms of the policy, Western World was obliged to defend any action instituted against Potomac Residence, "even if any of allegations of the suit are groundless, false or fraudulent...."
The policy contained a "sexual action exclusion" which was added as an endorsement to the policy. The exclusion provided as follows:
It is agreed that no coverage exists for claims or suits brought against any insured for damages arising from sexual action. Sexual action includes, but is not limited to, any behavior with sexual connotation or purposewhether performed for sexual gratification, discrimination, intimidation, coercion or other reason.
It is further agreed that this exclusion applies even if an alleged cause of the damages was the insured's negligent hiring, placement, training, supervision, act, error or omission.
(Emphasis added.)
The "sexual action" exclusion modified the Owners', Landlords' and Tenants' Liability and the Professional Liability Insurance coverages, but it did not apply to Western World's obligations if Potomac Residence was sued for allegedly causing personal injury. The Personal Injury Liability coverage, which was set forth in a separate schedule attached to the policy, obligated Western World to
pay on behalf of the insured all sums which the insured shall become legally obligated to pay as damages because of injury (herein called "personal injury") sustained by any person or organization and arising out *1230 of one or more of the following offenses committed in the conduct of the named insured's business:
Group A----false arrest, detention or imprisonment
. . . .
Group C----wrongful entry or eviction, or other invasion of the right of private occupancy[.]
B. The Zeender litigation.
On December 19, 1991, Cathy and Ramon Zeender filed a ten-count complaint against Potomac Residence in the Superior Court. The complaint was based on the alleged exploitation of Cathy Zeender by Karen Prieto, a Potomac Residence counselor, at a time when Mrs. Zeender, who was suffering from a Multiple Personality Disorder, was a resident of Potomac Residence's half-way house. The Zeenders alleged that Ms. Prieto engaged in a sexual relationship with Cathy Zeender from December 19, 1990 through January 6, 1991 and that she drank alcohol with Mrs. Zeender, even though Ms. Prieto knew that these activities were improper and potentially harmful to the patient. The complaint also alleged that Ms. Prieto caused Mrs. Zeender to dissociate,[1] contrary to the treatment plan prescribed for Mrs. Zeender by her psychiatrist.
According to the complaint, Edith Maeda, the executive director of Potomac Residence, learned of Ms. Prieto's improper conduct with Cathy Zeender. The Zeenders alleged that, contrary to the directions of Mrs. Zeender's psychiatrist, Ms. Maeda permitted Ms. Prieto not only to continue her employment with Potomac Residence, but also to maintain her relationship with Cathy Zeender. The Zeenders claimed that the defendants' conduct constituted, inter alia, breach of fiduciary duty, assault and battery, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, gross negligence, negligent supervision, and breach of contract. They prayed for an award of compensatory and punitive damages totalling one hundred million dollars.
C. The declaratory judgment action.
On December 27, 1991, Potomac Residence forwarded the Zeenders' complaint to Western World and inquired as to coverage. On January 24, 1992, Western World responded that it had no obligation to defend or indemnify Potomac Residence with respect to the Zeender complaint. Western World relied solely on the policy's sexual action exclusion.
According to its brief, Potomac Residence could not afford to pay for legal representation in the Zeender matter. The law firms of Piper & Marbury L.L.P. and Kator, Scott & Heller agreed to represent Potomac Residence without fee, but only if the defense costs were not covered by insurance.
In September 1992, pro bono counsel for Potomac Residence informed Western World that the Zeenders' attorneys had offered to settle the Zeender litigation within the policy limits, and requested that Western World respond to the offer. Western World again disclaimed any obligation to defend or indemnify Potomac Residence. In January 1993, counsel for Potomac Residence informed Western World that if Western World refused to participate in a scheduled mediation conference in the Zeender litigation, Potomac Residence would file suit to vindicate its rights under the policy. Western World refused, and on February 12, 1993, Potomac Residence instituted this action against Western World in the Superior Court.
In its complaint, Potomac Residence prayed for a declaratory judgment that Western World owed a duty to defend Potomac Residence in the Zeender case, and that Western World had breached this duty. Potomac Residence asked the court to award it the expenses and counsel fees that it had incurred to date in defending the Zeender litigation, as well as the costs and fees that it would incur in prosecuting its declaratory judgment action. Potomac Residence also asked the court to declare that Western World was obligated to indemnify Potomac Residence for any amounts that might be *1231 paid to the Zeenders pursuant to an adverse judgment or negotiated settlement. Finally, Potomac Residence included in its complaint a count alleging that Western World had acted in bad faith in denying coverage.
Potomac Residence filed a motion for summary judgment in which it reiterated the position taken in its complaint. Western World opposed the motion, again relying on the sexual action exclusion of the policy. Western World acknowledged in its memorandum in opposition to Potomac Residence's motion that Ms. Prieto's alleged actions "included but [were] not limited to behavior with sexual connotation or purpose." (Emphasis added.) In addition to opposing Potomac Residence's motion, Western World cross-moved for summary judgment on all counts of the complaint.
On July 6, 1994, Judge Patricia A. Wynn issued a Memorandum Opinion and Order in which she held that Western World had breached its duty to defend Potomac Residence against the Zeender complaint and was therefore liable for damages arising out of that breach. Judge Wynn concluded, inter alia, that the allegations in the Zeender complaint concerning Ms. Prieto's unauthorized trips with Mrs. Zeender to restaurants and bars were not necessarily sexual in connotation and purpose, and that there was therefore potential coverage under the Professional Liability portion of the policy. The judge also held that the claim for negligent hiring and supervision was not barred by the policy's sexual exclusion. The judge concluded, however, that there was no evidence of bad faith on Western World's part, and she granted summary judgment in favor of Western World as to the bad faith count.
On August 1, 1994, following receipt of Judge Wynn's order, counsel for Potomac Residence submitted to Western World invoices for the costs and fees incurred in the defense of the Zeender suit and in prosecuting the instant declaratory judgment action through June 1994. Western World refused to pay these invoices, claiming that they were excessive.
On September 23, 1994, Judge Wynn issued a second Memorandum Opinion and Order in which she held that Potomac Residence was not entitled to recover its costs and counsel fees in prosecuting the declaratory judgment action. On February 27, 1995, "finding no persuasive evidence that plaintiff's costs are not reasonable," the judge ordered Western World to pay $273,306.37 to Potomac Residence within thirty days as reimbursement for the counsel fees and costs incurred in defending the Zeender litigation.
On August 2, 1995, at Potomac Residence's request and with Western World's consent, Judge Stephen G. Milliken certified for interlocutory appeal Judge Wynn's rulings denying Potomac Residence its costs and counsel fees in the declaratory judgment action, dismissing its claim of bad faith, and refusing to award prejudgment interest. Those rulings are now before us for review.[2]
II.
THE DECLARATORY JUDGMENT ACTION
A. Standard of review.
The trial judge held that Potomac Residence is not entitled to recover its counsel fees in the declaratory judgment action. That ruling was one of law, and we review the judge's decision de novo. Abdullah v. Roach, 668 A.2d 801, 804 (D.C.1995) (citation omitted).
B. The authorities.
We begin our discussion of the dispositive legal issue by noting that
this jurisdiction follows "the American Rule under which ... every party to a case shoulders its own attorneys' fees, and recovers from other litigants only in the presence of statutory authority, a contractual arrangement, or certain narrowly-defined common law exceptions," such as the conventional "bad faith" exception.
Oliver T. Carr Co. v. United Techs. Communications Co., 604 A.2d 881, 883 (D.C.1992) *1232 (citation omitted); see, generally, Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness Soc'y, 421 U.S. 240, 257-61, 95 S.Ct. 1612, 1621-24, 44 L.Ed.2d 141 (1975). Western World asks us to sustain the trial court's decision denying Potomac Residence its counsel fees in the declaratory judgment action, claiming that we are required to do so by our precedents applying the American Rule. Potomac Residence contends, on the other hand, that this case is qualitatively different from those in which we have followed the American Rule in the past, and that we should adopt the approach of the Maryland courts[3] and many other courts[4] which have sustained awards of counsel fees in the kind of situation presented here. Although the sharp disagreement among the courts reflects that the issue is not free of difficulty,[5] we agree with Potomac Residence.
In obtaining a liability insurance policy which contains a provision obligating the insurer to defend covered claims against the insured, the policyholder is attempting to provide in advance for the defense of any such claim against it. The insured's purpose in securing such a policy is to transfer to the insurer the task of retaining counsel to defend *1233 the case in the event that the insured is sued by a third party. If we were to adopt the position urged upon us by Western World, then an insurer who wrongfully refused to defend could irrevocably deprive the insured of one of the principal benefits for which the insured paid its premiums. Even if the insured were ultimatelyand often, as in this case, quite belatedlycompensated for its defense of the third party's suit, the insured would remain permanently out of pocket for the expenses of the declaratory judgment action which it was compelled to bring as a result of the insurer's breach of its contractual duty. We do not believe that the American Rule was intended to deny counsel fees to an insured where, as here, that insured bought its policy and paid its premiums in order to secure its freedom from having to defend lawsuits and to pay counsel fees. The doctrine propounded by Western World would prevent Potomac Residence from enjoying the very benefit for which it bargained when it bought a policy containing a duty-to-defend provision.
In Cohen, supra note 3, as in this case, the defendant insurer declined to provide a defense for the plaintiff, in violation of the terms of a liability insurance policy. Like Potomac Residence, the plaintiff obtained a declaratory judgment establishing that the insurer's refusal to defend was unjustified. The plaintiff asked the court, inter alia, for an award of counsel fees in the declaratory judgment action. Noting that some courts had declined to grant such relief "in the absence of fraud, bad faith, or stubborn litigiousness on the part of the insurer," the Maryland Court of Appeals, in a unanimous opinion, adopted the following assessment of the issue in a leading treatise:
But, despite the qualifications placed upon this rule by the [courts requiring a showing of fraud or its equivalent], it still appears to be unfair to the insured. After all, the insurer had contracted to defend the insured, and it failed to do so. It guessed wrong as to its duty, and should be compelled to bear the consequences thereof. If the rule laid down by these courts should be followed by other authorities, it would actually amount to permitting the insurer to do by indirection that which it could not do directly. That is, the insured has a contract right to have actions against him defended by the insurer, at its expense. If the insurer can force him into a declaratory judgment proceeding and, even though it loses in such action, compel him to bear the expense of such litigation, the insured is actually no better off financially than if he had never had the contract right mentioned above.
Id. 258 A.2d at 235 (quoting 7A JOHN A. APPLEMAN, INSURANCE LAW AND PRACTICE § 4691 (1962)). The court stated that the insurer had "produced the current situation when it refused to defend," id. at 239, and that
whether one speaks in terms of its having authorized the expenditure by its failure to defend or whether one speaks in terms of the attorney's fees for the declaratory judgment action being a part of the damages sustained by the insured by American Home's wrongful breach of the contract, we hold American Home bound to pay the fees incurred by Mrs. Brown in bringing the declaratory judgment action to establish that American Home had not done that which it had agreed with her to do.
Id.[6]
In Olympic Steamship Co., supra note 4, the insurance policy in question provided that the insurer "shall have the right and duty to defend any suit against the insured seeking damages on account of ... personal injury or property damage[.]" Id. 811 P.2d at 676. Third parties claimed that the insured was liable to them as a result of the defective packing of certain cans of salmon. Although no lawsuit had been filed, the insured *1234 demanded that the insurer deal with the third parties' claims. The insurer denied coverage, and the insured settled with the third parties and instituted an action against the insurer. The Supreme Court of Washington sustained the insured's claim on the merits and held that the insured was entitled to recover its counsel fees in the suit against the insurer:
We also extend the right of an insured to recoup attorney fees that it incurs because an insurer refuses to defend or pay the justified action or claim of the insured, regardless of whether a lawsuit is filed against the insured. Other courts have recognized that disparity of bargaining power between an insurance company and its policyholder makes the insurance contract substantially different from other commercial contracts. Hayseeds, Inc. v. State Farm Fire & Cas., [177 W.Va. 323], 352 S.E.2d 73, 77 (W.Va.1986). When an insured purchases a contract of insurance, it seeks protection from expenses arising from litigation, not "vexatious, time-consuming, expensive litigation with his insurer." 352 S.E.2d at 79. Whether the insured must defend a suit filed by third parties, appear in a declaratory action, or as in this case, file a suit for damages to obtain the benefit of its insurance contract is irrelevant. In every case, the conduct of the insurer imposes upon the insured the cost of compelling the insurer to honor its commitment and, thus, is equally burdensome to the insured. . . . Further, allowing an award of attorney fees will encourage the prompt payment of claims. 352 S.E.2d at 79.
811 P.2d at 681.[7]
In Pitrolo, supra note 4, the court held that an insurer which breached its duty to defend was liable to its insured for counsel fees extended by the insured in a declaratory judgment action to establish coverage. The court stated that "to hold otherwise would be unfair to the insured, who originally purchased the insurance policy to be protected from incurring attorney's fees and expenses from litigation." Pitrolo, 342 S.E.2d at 160. In the court's view,
those courts that refuse attorney's fees in a declaratory judgment action or require a showing that the insurer acted in bad faith or unreasonably in refusing to defend cast an unfair burden on the insured. Whether an insurer's refusal to defend was in good or bad faith is largely irrelevant once it has been established that the insurer breached its contract with its insured.
Id. The court then went on to quote the passage from the Appleman treatise set forth at page 1233 of this opinion, supra. Id. at 161.
The issue before us has been addressed in some detail in ROBERT E. KEETON & ALAN I. WIDISS, INSURANCE LAW (1988). The discussion in this treatise is especially instructive with respect to the unique problems that arise in the insurance context, see McGreevy, supra, 904 P.2d at 736, and we quote from it at some length:
A denial of an insurance claim typically has several consequences for an insured. First, any time there is a denial of an insurance claim, that action obviously extends the period during which the insured must incur the adverse economic consequences of the loss without the benefit [of] being indemnified by the insurance. Second, an insured who is forced to litigate to recover insurance incurs legal expenses which include, but are not limited to the fees charged by an attorneyto secure the insurance payments. Third, many insureds also sustain a variety of consequential problems, including harm to credit standing and loss of business. When an insured is compelled to resort to litigation to recover insurance benefits, the insured is denied indemnification for what, at least in many instances, is a very significant aspect of the economic risks incident to the *1235 hazards against which the insured sought protection when the insurance was purchased. Thus, when the payment of insurance benefits is only made after an insured has sought the assistance of an attorney and the legal process, the insured not only sustains added legal expenses but also is denied the right to prompt indemnification (which is one of the risks insureds seek to avoid through the acquisition of insurance).
* * * *
If, because the insurer is found to have acted reasonably in rejecting the claim, an insured's recovery is limited to an award of the amount of insurance benefits due, the amount provided by the insurance coverage after the insurance recovery is reduced by the insured's payment of the lawyer's fee and other litigation expenses is obviously diminished. The net amount actually received by such a claimant is then insufficient to indemnify the insured, often falling far short of that which the insured reasonably anticipated would be available as an insurance benefit to offset the economic loss that resulted as a consequence of the insured event.
Id. § 7.7(c), at 871.
In the present case, counsel for appellants have represented to the court that, if Potomac Residence had not been able to obtain pro bono legal representation, Western World's breach of its obligations under the policy would have driven Potomac Residence out of its business of providing mental health services. Having paid its premiums, Potomac Residence had a right to expect that it would not be required to retain counsel or conduct litigation at its own expense. When Western World declined to defend it, Potomac Residence was suddenly confronted with the need for representation in two lawsuits as defendant in the Zeender action, and as plaintiff in the declaratory judgment suit. Although the trial judge held, after the fact, that Potomac Residence is entitled to compensation for its defense of the Zeender suit, disagreement about the amount of recovery has meant that relief has been painfully slow in coming and has not reached the plaintiff yet. Under the trial court's disposition, Potomac Residence will not receive any compensation at all for its costs and counsel fees in the declaratory judgment action. Like the courts in the cases that we have cited and many others, we conclude that, in the particular context of insurance coverage litigation of the kind now before us, such a result is unacceptable.
C. Stare decisis considerations and M.A.P. v. Ryan.
Judge King argues in dissent that this court is obliged, under the doctrine of M.A.P. v. Ryan, 285 A.2d 310 (D.C.1971), to apply the American Rule and require Potomac Residence to pay its own counsel fees. We do not agree.
The parties have cited no District of Columbia precedent, and we have found none, squarely deciding the question whether the American Rule is applicable to a situation like the present one, in which the insured has paid its premiums for the specific purpose of avoiding any obligation to retain or pay counsel, and in which the insurer's breach has denied the insured the representation to which it had a right under the terms of the policy. The closest case to this one is Siegel v. William E. Bookhultz & Sons, Inc., 136 U.S.App. D.C. 138, 419 F.2d 720 (1969). In Siegel, the court held that the insured was entitled to recover litigation costs and counsel fees incurred in a declaratory judgment action to establish insurance coverage where the insurer (1) erroneously refused to provide a defense after a "dubious investigation"; (2) steadfastly resisted the insured's attempts to establish the right to a defense; and (3) abandoned an "obviously helpless insured to whatever might come," leaving the insured in a "hapless predicament." Id. at 143, 419 F.2d at 725. Although the court also stated that it could not "ignore the insured's expense of litigation where the insurer, however honestly motivated, acts at its peril in disregarding the insured's claim to a defense," id. (emphasis added), Siegel cannot fairly be read as deciding whether the insured is entitled to counsel fees in a declaratory judgment action to establish coverage in the absence of the oppressive conduct by the insurer which the court discerned in that *1236 case. Siegel therefore does not dispose of the issue before us.[8]
Judge King relies on Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Chamberlain Protective Servs., Inc., 451 A.2d 66 (D.C.1982), a case not cited by the parties. In Safeway Stores, a supermarket security guard who was employed by Chamberlain allegedly assaulted a customer. The customer brought an action against both Safeway and Chamberlain, asserting that they were joint tortfeasors. Safeway filed a cross-claim against Chamberlain in which it alleged that Chamberlain was primarily liable for the plaintiff's injury, and that Chamberlain owed Safeway a duty of indemnification. The jury found both defendants liable to the plaintiff and ruled in Chamberlain's favor on Safeway's request for indemnification. The trial judge, however, granted Safeway's motion for judgment n.o.v. on the cross-claim, concluding that Chamberlain had an "implied obligation . . . to indemnify Safeway." Id. at 68. Safeway then sought to recover its counsel fees as part of Chamberlain's obligation of indemnity. The trial court denied relief and this court, invoking the American Rule, affirmed. Id. at 68-73.
We think that Safeway Stores is distinguishable from the present case in decisive respects. Although Chamberlain, a primary tortfeasor, had an "implied obligation" to indemnify Safeway, the agreement between the two parties did not center on any duty on the part of Chamberlain to assure that Safeway would not have to retain counsel. On the contrary, Safeway hired Chamberlain to maintain order in Safeway's supermarket, not to provide Safeway with legal representation. Safeway Stores is not dispositive here because the considerations which make application of the American Rule so incongruous and unfair in the present context, see pp. 1231-1235, supra, simply did not arise.
Our position is supported by Link v. District of Columbia, 650 A.2d 929 (D.C.1994), a case which also addressed the scope of the American Rule. In that case, we rejected the position that the enumeration in Alyeska and subsequent cases of three exceptions to that Rule precludes the recognition of any other exceptions, no matter what the circumstances may be. In Link, the District of Columbia was adjudged to be in civil contempt of a Superior Court order, but the trial judge expressly found that the disobedience was not willful. The plaintiff, who was represented by attorneys from the Neighborhood Legal Services Program at no cost to herself, requested an award of counsel fees in connection with the conduct of the civil contempt proceedings. The Supreme Court had stated in Alyeska that in the exercise of its equitable authority, "a court may assess attorneys' fees for the willful disobedience of a court order ... or when the losing party has acted in bad faith, vexatiously, wantonly, or for oppressive reasons." 421 U.S. at 258-59, 95 S.Ct. at 1622 (quoted in Link, 650 A.2d at 931). Seizing on that language, the District argued that, absent a showing of willfulness, Alyeska and this court's precedents applying the American Rule precluded an award of counsel fees to the plaintiff in Link.
This court rejected the District's contention. We noted that Alyeska was not a contempt case, and that the Supreme Court had not addressed the question before us in Link and could not have decided it. 650 A.2d at 932. We held that because the District had violated an order of the court, the plaintiff was entitled to an award of counsel fees in spite of her failure to prove that the District had acted willfully, oppressively, or in bad faith. Link, 650 A.2d at 931-33. We thus recognized a "civil contempt" exception to the American Rule, and we declined to read as dispositive decisions in which we had applied the American Rule, under entirely different circumstances, to deny counsel fees to a prevailing party.
*1237 Our problem here is not unlike that which confronted the court in Link.[9] The denial of counsel fees in the present context raises issues which have not previously been considered by this court. "[T]he rule of stare decisis is never properly invoked unless in the decision put forward as precedent the judicial mind has been applied to and passed upon the precise question." District of Columbia v. Sierra Club, 670 A.2d 354, 360 (D.C.1996) (quoting Murphy v. McCloud, 650 A.2d 202, 205 (D.C.1994)); see also Umana v. Swidler & Berlin, Chartered, 669 A.2d 717, 720 (D.C.1995). The judicial mind cannot fairly be said to have passed on the issue before us.
Our dissenting colleague's position is also effectively foreclosed by our very recent decision in Carl v. Children's Hosp., 702 A.2d 159 (D.C.1997) (en banc) (per curiam) (Carl II). In that case, a nurse who was an "at-will" employee claimed that Children's Hospital had wrongfully discharged her in retaliation for testifying before the Council of the District of Columbia in opposition to proposed tort reform legislation and for appearing as a plaintiff's expert witness in medical malpractice litigation. The trial judge dismissed the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. A division of this court affirmed. Carl v. Children's Hosp., 657 A.2d 286 (D.C.1995) (Carl I). The division was of the opinion that, as interpreted in subsequent case law,[10] our earlier decision in Adams v. George W. Cochran Co., 597 A.2d 28 (D.C.1991), in which we held that it was unlawful for an employer to discharge an employee for refusing to violate a statute, represented the sole permissible exception to the "employment at-will doctrine,"[11] and that a division of this court was not at liberty to recognize any new exception. Carl I, 657 A.2d at 288-89; see also id. at 294 (Farrell, J., concurring).
In Carl II, however, this court, sitting en banc, rejected the division's reasoning. The court held that the
"very narrow exception" created in Adams should not be read in a manner that makes it impossible to recognize any additional public policy exceptions to the at-will doctrine that may warrant recognition.... "We could not and did not hold in Adams that this was the only public policy exception, because that question was simply not *1238 presented." Adams simply said that there is "a very narrow exception to the at-will doctrine," not "just one and only one" such exception. There is nothing in the Adams opinion that bars this courteither a three-judge panel or the court en banc from recognizing some other public policy exception when circumstances warrant such recognition. On this point a majority of the en banc court agrees.
Carl II, 702 A.2d at 160 (citations omitted); see also id. at 161 (Terry, J., concurring); id. at 166 (Ferren, J., concurring); id. at 174 (Schwelb, J., concurring); id. at 186 (Mack, J., concurring).
Our dissenting colleague's approach in this case is essentially identical to that taken by the division in Carl I. Just as the division in that case asserted that Adams represented the sole exception to the "at-will doctrine," so Judge King now says that the three exceptions to the American Rule enumerated in Alyeska constitute the sole permissible exceptions to that Rule. Judge King thus continues to insist that decisions by the Supreme Court and by this court should be construed as deciding "[a] question [that] was simply not presented." Carl II, supra, 702 A.2d at 160. In Carl II, the en banc court squarely and emphatically rejected that proposition.
* * * *
We reiterate what should be obvious to the reader: our decision is a narrow one. The American Rule is alive and well in the District of Columbia. It simply does not apply where, as in this case, the agreement between the insurer and its insured discloses that the latter has paid its premiums to ensure that it will not have to retain or compensate counsel, and the insurer's breach frustrates those expectations. "We do not purport in this opinion to instruct trial judges how to rule on facts substantially different from those here." Mims v. Mims, 635 A.2d 320, 325 n. 12 (D.C.1993).
III.
OTHER ISSUES
Western World has cross-appealed from Judge Wynn's order awarding Potomac Residence $237,306.37 for its costs and counsel fees in the defense of the Zeender litigation. Potomac Residence contends that the award was fully justified, but that the judge erred in denying Potomac Residence prejudgment interest on that amount. We consider each of these issues in turn.
A. The award of costs and counsel fees.
In her February 27, 1995 order awarding Potomac Residence its fees and costs for the defense of the Zeender suit, the trial judge stated that she found "no persuasive evidence that Plaintiff's costs are not reasonable." The judge did not, however, elaborate upon this conclusion. Western World concedes that Potomac Residence is entitled to recover reasonable counsel fees and costs, but contends that the award is excessive and that the trial judge should have granted Western World's request for discovery and for a hearing to determine whether the amount prayed for was appropriate.
Potomac Residence responds that Western World's objections come too late, that they are insufficiently specific, and that Western World's alleged failure to seek additional information when Potomac Residence first presented its demand constituted a waiver of any right to discovery. See National Ass'n of Concerned Veterans v. Secretary of Defense, 219 U.S.App. D.C. 94, 675 F.2d 1319 (1982).[12]
The trial judge has broad discretion in determining whether and in what amount counsel fees should be awarded. Bagley v. Foundation for Preservation of Historic Georgetown, 647 A.2d 1110, 1115 (D.C.1994); see also District of Columbia v. Jerry M., *1239 580 A.2d 1270, 1280-81 (D.C.1990).[13] We defer to the judge's exercise of discretion because he or she is in the trenches, and therefore has a superior understanding of the litigation and of the essentially factual issues relevant to an appropriate award. Hampton Courts Tenants Ass'n v. District of Columbia Rental Hous. Comm'n, 599 A.2d 1113, 1115 (D.C.1991); see also Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 437, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 1941, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983). But although a "`request for attorney's fees should not result in a second major litigation' . . . [t]he trial court's findings must be reasonably specific." Bagley, supra, 647 A.2d at 1115 (quoting Hensley, supra, 461 U.S. at 437, 103 S.Ct. at 1941).
In the present case, the parties are at odds not only as to the reasonableness of the fees requested by counsel for Potomac Residence but also as to the timeliness and sufficiency of Western World's objections. Although it appears that discovery was requested by Western World and denied, the record does not disclose the reasons for that denial. The amount in controversy is quite substantial, and we think it appropriate to remand the case to the trial court for findings of fact and conclusions of law as to the issues, both procedural and substantive, which have been raised by the parties regarding the award. We emphasize, however, that a new full-blown quasi-lawsuit over the amount to which Potomac Residence is entitled would not be in the interests of justice.
B. Prejudgment interest.
The trial judge denied without explanation Potomac Residence's request for prejudgment interest on the award it received for the defense of the Zeender suit. Potomac Residence contends that this was error.
The decision whether to award prejudgment interest is confided to the discretion of the trial court. District of Columbia v. Pierce Assocs., Inc., 527 A.2d 306, 310 (D.C.1987). We have stated, albeit in circumstances significantly different from those presented here, that prejudgment interest in contract cases is not favored. Blake Constr. Co. v. C.J. Coakley Co., Inc., 431 A.2d 569, 580 (D.C.1981) (citing Flanaghan v. Charles H. Tompkins Co., 86 U.S.App. D.C. 307, 308, 182 F.2d 92, 93 (1950) (per curiam)).[14]
Judicial discretion must be based on correct legal principles, and the judge's determination must be drawn from a firm factual foundation. In re J.D.C., 594 A.2d 70, 75 (D.C.1991) (citations omitted). Because the judge did not state her reasons for denying Potomac Residence's claim, we do not know what considerations led to her ruling. Under the circumstances, and in light of Potomac Residence's arguments, a remand for further consideration is appropriate.
We summarize some considerations relevant to the "prejudgment interest" calculus. The Zeender suit was filed on December 19, 1991, almost six years ago. On March 6, 1995, some two and a half years ago, the trial judge ordered Western World to pay Potomac Residence more than a quarter of a million dollars for the defense of that suit. The amount to which Potomac Residence is entitled has been in dispute, however, and Potomac Residence has yet to be paid. Western World has enjoyed what Potomac Residence calls "the double benefits of investing both the insurance premiums paid by [Potomac Residence] and the money it owes for its insured's defense costs."
Under the provisions of D.C.Code § 15-109 (1995), the Superior Court is empowered *1240 to award prejudgment interest. This court has interpreted that statute to authorize this relief if such an award is necessary "to fully compensate the plaintiff." Pierce Assocs., 527 A.2d at 310; House of Wines, Inc. v. Sumter, 510 A.2d 492, 499 (D.C.1986). Where a plaintiff has been deprived of the use of money withheld, prejudgment interest is often an element of complete compensation. Riggs Nat'l Bank v. District of Columbia, 581 A.2d 1229, 1253 (D.C.1990) (Riggs I).
At common law, prejudgment interest was viewed as a penalty to be used to punish the wrongdoing of a delinquent debtor. Pierce Assocs., 527 A.2d at 310. "Out of this view, the dichotomy between unliquidated and liquidated amounts arose. . . . [I]t was deemed unfair to penalize one who failed to tender payment when he could not know the amount of the debt." Id. at 310-11.
Our more recent decisions have recognized that prejudgment interest is often one significant element of damages. Id. Interest is not awarded in order to exact a penalty; rather, its primary purpose is to compensate the plaintiff for the loss of use of his money. District of Columbia v. Potomac Elec. Power Co., 402 A.2d 430, 441 (D.C. 1979). Under this approach, the liquidated or unliquidated character of the debt is not dispositive, for "the important question is whether the plaintiff has been deprived of the use of the money withheld and should be compensated for the loss." Pierce Assocs., 527 A.2d at 311; see also, e.g., Riggs Nat'l Bank v. Carl G. Rosinski Co., 596 A.2d 997, 1000 (D.C.1991) (Riggs II) (prejudgment interest may be awarded on an unliquidated debt). Where the plaintiff has been deprived of the use of the money withheld, "prejudgment interest is an element of complete compensation for the loss of use of such money `from the time the claim accrues until judgment is entered, thereby achieving full compensation for the injury those damages are intended to redress.'" Riggs I, supra, 581 A.2d at 1253 (quoting West Virginia v. United States, 479 U.S. 305, 310-11 n. 2, 107 S.Ct. 702, 706 n. 2, 93 L.Ed.2d 639 (1987)).
We have also recognized that a defendant is unjustly enriched if he is permitted to benefit from the income from funds which he owes to the plaintiff and which he has wrongfully withheld. "Where the debtor should have paid what he owed but did not do so, a denial of prejudgment interest would deny full compensation to the creditor while allowing the recalcitrant party to take advantage of its own wrong and become the richer for it." Riggs I, supra, 581 A.2d at 1253. The defendant "cannot be heard to say that it is fair and equitable that it should enjoy [the use of plaintiff's money] for so long, and pay not a cent for it." Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Adams, 513 F.2d 355, 370 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 930, 96 S.Ct. 281, 46 L.Ed.2d 259 (1975).
An award of prejudgment interest in the insurance context has three goals: "to provide full and fair compensation to plaintiffs, to encourage settlements, and to discourage delay by defendants." Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Lafarge Corp., 910 F.Supp. 1104, 1112 (D.Md.1996). Potomac Residence argues that each of these purposes would be served by an award of prejudgment interest in this case. According to Potomac Residence, the court's failure to make such an award (1) deprives it, for a substantial period of time, of the use of and income from money which rightfully belongs to it; (2) discourages settlement, because as long as the case is pending Western World retains (and can invest) both the money it owes and the premiums that it has received; and (3) provides a disincentive to prompt payment, since the same number of dollars will buy less in, say, 1998, than when the controversy began in 1991.
Judge King takes the position that because Potomac Residence has not paid any legal fees to its pro bono counsel, it is not out-of-pocket, and therefore should not be entitled to an award of prejudgment interest as to its legal fees.[15] We have held, however, that
[i]n determining the amount of fees to be awarded, it is not legally relevant that plaintiffs' counsel ... are employed by ... *1241 a privately funded non-profit public interest law firm. It is in the interest of the public that such law firms be awarded reasonable attorneys' fees to be computed in the traditional manner when its counsel perform legal services otherwise entitling them to the award of attorneys' fees.
Link, supra, 650 A.2d at 934 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 895, 104 S.Ct. 1541, 1547, 79 L.Ed.2d 891 (1984)). We went on to explain that
[w]hen free legal services are provided there may be no direct barrier to the courtroom door, but if no fees are awarded, the burden of the costs is placed on the organization providing the services, and it correspondingly may decline to bring such suits and decide to concentrate its limited resources elsewhere....
Link, 650 A.2d at 934 (quoting Hairston v. R & R Apartments, 510 F.2d 1090, 1092 (7th Cir.1975)). We think that the reasoning in Link with respect to counsel fees applies with equal force to the plaintiff's right to recover prejudgment interest on those fees.
* * * *
In summary, the trial court did not address Potomac Residence's arguments for an award of prejudgment interest. On remand, the judge should reconsider her exercise of discretion in light of the authorities discussed in this Part III. B of our opinion. She should also articulate, in writing or orally on the record, the basis for her decision, either way, with respect to the appropriateness of an award of prejudgment interest to Potomac Residence.[16]
IV.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
So ordered.
KING, Associate Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part:
Although there are few legal principles, other than those of a constitutional nature, that can be said to be cast in stone, there are two rules of law in this jurisdiction which are so fundamental and so time-honored that they have come to be considered as bedrock principles. One, known as the American Rule, holds that "every party to a case shoulders its own attorneys' fees, and recovers from other litigants only in the presence of statutory authority, a contractual arrangement, or certain narrowly-defined common law exceptions."[1] That principle was first set forth by the Supreme Court over 200 years ago[2] and, so far as I can determine, was first explicitly stated some fifty years ago by a court in this jurisdiction.[3] It has been repeatedly reaffirmed in cases decided by this court since then.[4] The other "bedrock" principle, known as M.A.P. v. Ryan, which is of more recent vintage, holds "that no division of this court will overrule a prior decision of this court ... and that such result can only be accomplished by this court en banc."[5] This principle has never been called into question and has been cited and followed countless times by this court since it was first laid down. Remarkably, by allowing an award of attorneys' fees in this declaratory judgment action, even though there is no *1242 statute, contractual provision, or recognized common law exception allowing it, the majority has managed to violate both of these venerable rules of law. For that reason, I dissent from the principal holding of the court.
The majority defends the course it has taken on two general grounds. First, it claims, for various reasons, that the rule of M.A.P. v. Ryan, does not bar any division of this court from recognizing any new exception to the American Rule it thinks appropriate. Second, the majority is persuaded to the result it has reached in no small part because of the "force of the[] reasoning" in Maryland cases adopting the same exception to the American Rule.[6]Ante at 1232, note 3. I disagree with the majority on the first ground for the reasons discussed below. On the second, the majority appears to be more favorably disposed to the reasoning in the Maryland cases than that state's highest court which has recently questioned the underlying legal theories advanced in support of the extension of the American Rule to include an award of attorneys' fees in circumstances similar to those here.
As noted above, the American Rule is generally stated as requiring each party to pay its own attorneys' fees unless a statute or contractual provision provides otherwise. Three exceptions to that rule were noted by the Supreme Court in its landmark Alyeska decision: attorneys' fees may be assessed "for the willful disobedience of a court order"; when the opposing party has acted in "bad faith, vexatiously, wantonly, or for oppressive reasons"; or from a fund preserved for the benefit of others. Id., supra note 2, 421 U.S. at 257-59, 95 S.Ct. at 1621-23. In the federal courts no other generally applicable exception has ever been recognized.[7] Until today, no other exception to the American Rule has ever been approved by this court.[8]
I.
The principal basis for its conclusion that M.A.P. v. Ryan does not prevent it from recognizing a new exception to the American Rule is the majority's observation that there is no authoritative holding to the contrary. In short, so the argument goes, because this court has never expressly ruled that attorneys' fees are not available in these circumstances, a division of this court is free to decide that such fees may be awarded. While I concede that we have never directly held that fees may not be awarded on the facts presented here, the American Rule with its three generally recognized exceptions is so embedded into our civil jurisprudence that it has become the authoritative statement of the governing legal principle. In short, it is fair to say that the Oliver T. Carr definition of the American Rule, by virtue of its ancient origins and its repeated reaffirmation by the Supreme Court and this court, is so "inextricably woven into the warp and woof of the judicial fabric of this [court]," that it has become the established rule of law on the question of the award of attorneys' fees. *1243 Washington v. A & H Garcias Trash Hauling Co., 584 A.2d 544, 548 n. 6 (D.C.1990) (Schwelb, J., concurring and dissenting) (quoting In re Petition of Marko Terzich, 153 F.Supp. 651, 653 (W.D.Pa.1957), aff'd, 256 F.2d 197 (3d Cir.1958)). Because that is so, and because under M.A.P. v. Ryan only the en banc court is empowered to overturn settled law, the majority may not adopt an exception to the American Rule not previously recognized in this jurisdiction.
The majority also finds support for its view, that M.A.P. v. Ryan is not a bar to its extension of the American Rule, in Link v. District of Columbia, 650 A.2d 929 (D.C. 1994), where this court upheld the award of attorneys' fees against a party, found to be in civil contempt, for nonwillful disobedience of a court order. The majority reasons that because one of the three exceptions to the American Rule only allows for fee awards for "willful" disobedience, the Link court's allowance of fees for non willful disobedience constitutes a new exception which the division deciding Link was free to recognize despite the constraints imposed by M.A.P. v. Ryan. That reasoning is flawed because Link did not establish a new exception.
As I said above, the court in Alyeska listed the three generally recognized exceptions to the American Rule, including "willful" disobedience of a court order in a civil contempt action. In making that statement the Alyeska court quoted a passage from Fleischmann, supra, 386 U.S. at 717-18, 87 S.Ct. at 1406-07. Fleischmann in turn cited to Toledo Scale Co. v. Computing Scale Co., 261 U.S. 399, 427-28, 43 S.Ct. 458, 466, 67 L.Ed. 719 (1923), where fees were authorized in a matter involving conduct the Court held to be in "contempt of the court." Id. at 427, 43 S.Ct. at 466. There was no discussion in Toledo Scale, however, whether the contumacious conduct was, or was not, willful, or whether a finding of willfulness was necessary for an award of fees under this exception. Although the Supreme Court has not definitively spoken on this point, virtually all of the federal courts of appeal that have addressed the question have concluded that, in order to invoke this exception to the American Rule, willfulness need not be shown, largely because the purpose of civil contempt is remedial in that it is designed to compensate the opposing party for its loss. Because the loss suffered by the injured party is not dependent upon the motive of the contemnor, a court may award attorneys' fees whether the disobedience of the court order is willful or not. See Perry v. O'Donnell, 759 F.2d 702, 705 (9th Cir.1985).[9]See also McComb v. Jacksonville Paper Co., 336 U.S. 187, 193, 69 S.Ct. 497, 500, 93 L.Ed. 599 (1949) ("The measure of the court's power in civil contempt proceedings is determined by the requirement of full remedial relief"). The court in Link reached that result for essentially the same reasons. Therefore, the most that can be said of Link is that it refined the definition of one of the recognized exceptions to the American Rule. It certainly did not establish a new exception and therefore cannot be read as authority for a division of this court to adopt any "new" exception it wishes to recognize despite M.A.P. v. Ryan.
The majority also finds support in our recent en banc decision in Carl v. Children's Hosp., 702 A.2d 159 (D.C.1997) (per curiam) (Carl II). If anything, what was decided by the en banc court in Carl II is consistent with my view that recognition of any further exceptions to the American Rule can only be accomplished by the en banc court.
*1244 In Carl, the division majority, relying upon four other recent cases, held that only the en banc court could authorize exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine beyond the one recognized in Adams v. George W. Cochran Co., 597 A.2d 28, 32 (D.C.1991). See Carl v. Children's Hosp., 657 A.2d 286, 289 n. 6 (D.C.1995) (Carl I). The per curiam opinion of the en banc court, which was supported by eight of the ten judges considering the matter, acknowledged that the Carl I majority was correct in so holding when it observed that:
The division that initially heard this appeal affirmed the trial court's [ruling rejecting Carl's contention that another exception to the at-will doctrine should be recognized,] because it was bound by precedent to do so. Carl v. Children's Hosp., 657 A.2d 286, 289 (D.C.1995), citing Gray v. Citizens Bank, 602 A.2d 1096, 1097 (D.C.) ("a division of [this] court is not free to expand the Adams exception"), vacated id. at 1102, opinion reinstated on denial of rehearing en banc, 609 A.2d 1143 (D.C.1992); see M.A.P. v. Ryan, 285 A.2d 310, 312 (D.C. 1971).
Carl II, supra, 702 A.2d at 159-60 (emphasis added).[10] The per curiam majority went on to say that it "now agrees" that additional "public policy" exceptions may be recognized by a division of the court. It then expressly overruled the Gray court's holding that it was "not free to expand the Adams exception."[11]Carl II, supra, 702 A.2d at 159; Gray, supra, at 1097. Thus, because divisions of the court had repeatedly said there was no such authority, action by the en banc court was necessary in order to authorize a division of the court to recognize any new exceptions. See also Gray v. Citizens Bank, 609 A.2d 1143, 1144 n. 3 (D.C.1992) (en banc) (Wagner, J., joined by Schwelb, J., and Sullivan, J., dissenting from order denying petition for rehearing en banc as improvidently granted: "As the majority of the panel recognized, only the en banc court can decide the issue appellant raises").
The same principle applies here. As discussed above, we have said, on many occasions, that the American Rule provides that "every party ... shoulders its own attorney fees, and recovers from other litigants only in the presence of statutory authority, a contractual arrangement or other narrowly defined common exceptions. . . ." See Oliver T. Carr, supra, 604 A.2d at 883. At the very minimum, that principle is as well settled as the Adams-Gray limitation upon expansions of the at-will doctrine. But before the en banc court ruled otherwise in Carl II, no division was empowered to authorize new causes of action for fired employees. Therefore, it necessarily follows that only the en banc court can authorize new exceptions to the American Rule, or declare, as we did in Carl II, that new exceptions may be recognized by divisions of the court applying standards prescribed by the en banc court which would govern the exercise of this new authority.[12]
Finally, on the merits, we should follow Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Chamberlain Protective Serv., Inc., 451 A.2d 66 (D.C.1982), and the cases it cites with approval, which, although not precisely on point, present facts which are sufficiently close to the circumstances here to serve as an authoritative basis for declining to recognize any new exception to the American Rule. In those cases the courts reaffirmed the "well-established" rule that an indemnitee is not entitled to an award of attorneys' fees incurred in the *1245 course of prosecuting a successful claim to establish its right to indemnification. Id. at 72, citing Ranger Construction Co. v. Prince William County Sch. Bd., 605 F.2d 1298, 1305 (4th Cir.1979) ("attorneys' fees for establishing... a right of indemnity ... are... not recoverable").[13] Unlike the majority, I can discern no meaningful distinction between the circumstances here, where Potomac Residence was denied attorneys' fees incurred in this action to compel Western World to defend a lawsuit, and the circumstances in Safeway Stores, supra, and the other cases cited, where the indemnitee was denied fees and costs incurred in its claim against the indemnitor establishing the right of indemnification.
II.
Not only do I think the majority is without authority to recognize a new exception to the American Rule, I am also of the view the majority's reliance on caselaw from other jurisdictions is misplaced for several reasons. First, it places far too much weight on the Maryland cases recognizing an exception to the American Rule under these circumstances. See Cohen, supra note 5. The majority correctly observes that we have always given respectful consideration to decisions of the Maryland Court of Appeals for both historical and other reasons. Ante at 1232, note 3; Ford v. United States, 616 A.2d 1245, 1252 n. 16 (D.C.1992). But the majority goes beyond that, electing to follow the lead of the Maryland cases on this issue "primarily because of the force of their reasoning." Ante at 1232, note 3. The Maryland Court of Appeals, however, has expressed what can fairly be described as misgivings about the reasoning underlying the Cohen holding in a recent case in which it declined to recognize still another exception to the American Rule where an insured brought a successful action against its insurance company for breach of a health insurance contract based on a failure to pay promised health benefits. Collier v. MD-Individual Practice Assoc., 327 Md. 1, 607 A.2d 537, 542 (1992). Acknowledging that the cause of an insured seeking a declaration establishing entitlement to health benefits is as deserving as an insured attempting to obtain promised liability coverage, the Collier court described the Cohen rule as an "anomaly," remarking that "the legal theory supporting this rule remains unrefined." Id. (quoting Continental Cas. Co. v. Board of Educ., 302 Md. 516, 489 A.2d 536, 547 (1985)). It declined to extend the exception beyond that recognized by Cohen, because to do so would "only compound the anomaly," observing:
From the standpoint of a strict application of the American rule, there is no logical reason why the successful plaintiff's action on a liability insurance policy for breach of a promise to defend, or to pay the cost of defense, should include counsel fees in prosecuting the breach of contract action, when successful plaintiffs' actions for other breaches of insurance contracts, or for breaches of other contracts, do not ordinarily include those counsel fees. The Maryland rule awarding to the successful insured counsel fees in declaratory judgment or assumpsit actions with liability insurers for breach of the promise to defend or to pay the cost of defense is an exception to the American rule. To extend that exception to health insurers, who breach their contracts by failure to pay covered benefits, will only compound the anomaly.
Collier, supra, 607 A.2d at 544. This less than rousing endorsement of this exception to the American Rule does not commend it as one we should adopt.[14]
*1246 Second, it is of some significance that a substantial majority of those courts that have been asked to award attorneys' fees in these circumstances, as an exception to the American Rule, have declined to do so. A summary of the authorities in the various jurisdictions addressing this issue is set forth in the appendix to this opinion. As can be observed, thirty-five states have considered the issue in one fashion or another and twenty-two have allowed fee awards in the circumstances presented in this case. Appendix at F and G. Those numbers are misleading, however, because most of the courts that have allowed fee awards did so on grounds not applicable here. For example, twelve states have allowed fee awards based upon either an interpretation of a specific statute addressing this question, the governing declaratory judgment statute, or a court rule. Appendix at C1, D1, and E1. Moreover, the courts in seven states have allowed fee awards based on their interpretation of the insurance contract language, a ground not relied upon by the majority or seriously pressed here. Appendix at B1. But, of those courts that have expressly decided the question of whether attorneys' fees should be awarded as an exception to the American Rule, as Maryland has done, more than two-thirds rejected that course (sixteen[15] out of twenty-three). Appendix at A1, 2 and 3. Thus, although a majority of the states allow fee awards in these circumstances, they have done so based on statutory provisions or contract language interpretations not applicable here.[16] Only a minority (seven jurisdictions) have adopted the Cohen exception to the American Rule. And, unlike this decision by a three-judge panel, each case in those seven jurisdictions was heard by the highest court with all, or nearly all, judges of the court participating.[17] Although the state of the law in other jurisdiction is not dispositive on the question of how we should decide this issue, we nonetheless should not ignore the practice which predominates elsewhere which is contrary to what the majority has decided here today.
Finally, regulation of insurance companies and their relationship with the public is a legislative function of long standing. This jurisdiction is no exception and a not insignificant portion of the District of Columbia Code is devoted to insurance matters. See D.C.Code §§ 35-1101 to 35-4724 (1997 Repl.). In my view any extension of the rule allowing the award of fees in this area is better left to the legislature which has exercised its power to allow the award of attorneys' fees on a number of occasions in recent years in other areas of the law.[18] In that regard, I find support in the rationale of the Supreme Court in Alyeska where it observed that although Congress has provided for fee awards under specified circumstances, those actions "can in no sense be construed as a grant of authority to the Judiciary to jettison *1247 the traditional rule against non-statutory allowances to the prevailing party and to award attorney fees whenever the courts deem the public policy furthered by a particular statute important enough to warrant the award." Id. 421 U.S. at 263, 95 S.Ct. at 1624-25. For the same reason, we should not take the step the majority takes here and recognize a new exception to the American Rule. Because the majority holds otherwise, I dissent from that holding.[19]
III.
With respect to the question of prejudgment interest, it is undisputed that a portion of the damage award represents the out-of-pocket expenses of the insured, while the far larger balance represents the attorneys' fees and expenses due to its pro bono counsel. So far as the record shows, Potomac Residence has never paid these fees to counsel; therefore, Potomac Residence is not out-of-pocket for any sum relating to those fees. The trial court, however, made no findings concerning the separate portions, and appeared to treat the two distinct sums as one. Nor did the court state its rationale for denying Potomac Residence's request for prejudgment interest.
While I am unaware of any authority which would allow for prejudgment interest on an award of attorneys' fees and costs that have not yet been paid, there may, or may not, be sufficient justification to support prejudgment interest on an award owed to the nonbreaching party, i.e., the insured, for consequential damages stemming from a breach of contract. See D.C.Code § 15-109 (1975 Repl.). Because there was no finding made by the trial court concerning the amounts owed to the insured and pro bono counsel separately, and because there is no basis set forth in the record for denying prejudgment interest to the insured on the portion of the award that is attributable to the insured as actual out-of-pocket expenses, upon remand the court should determine the actual amount of these out-of-pocket expenses, and whether or not the insured is entitled to prejudgment interest on that amount. I would also leave to the trial court, for determination in the first instance, the question whether Potomac Residence is entitled to receive prejudgment interest on the attorneys' fees and costs not yet paid.
APPENDIX
*case decided by court other than highest court in state
A. Cohen-Type Exception.
1. Yes (7 TOTAL)
Arkansas: Equity Mut. Ins. Co. v. Southern Ice Co., [232 Ark. 41], 334 S.W.2d 688 (Ark.1960).
Maine: Gibson v. Farm Family Mut. Ins. Co., 673 A.2d 1350 (Me.1996).
Maryland: Cohen v. American Home Assurance Co., [255 Md. 334] 258 A.2d 225 (Md.1969).
Minnesota: Brown v. State Auto. & Cas. Underwriters, 293 N.W.2d 822 (Minn. 1980).
New York: Glens $Glen$ Falls Ins. Co. v. United States Fire Ins. Co., [34 N.Y.2d 778, 358 N.Y.S.2d 773] 315 N.E.2d 813 (N.Y.1974) (fee award to insured/defendant).
Washington: McGreevy v. Oregon Mut. Ins. Co., [128 Wash.2d 26] 904 P.2d 731 (Wash.1995) (en banc).
West Virginia: Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Pitrolo, [176 W.Va. 190] 342 S.E.2d 156 (W.Va.1986); see also Hayseeds, Inc. v. State Farm Fire & Cas., [177 W.Va. 323] 352 S.E.2d 73 (W.Va.1986).
2. No (16 TOTAL)
Alabama: State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Vails, [278 Ala. 266] 177 So.2d 821 (Ala. 1965).
California: O'Morrow v. Borad, [27 Cal.2d 794] 167 P.2d 483 (Cal.1946); but see *1248 *Knatt v. California State Auto. Assoc., [123 Cal.App.3d 115] 176 Cal.Rptr. 420 (Cal.Ct.App.1981) (according to LEXIS this opinion was withdrawn by court order).
Florida: *Snider v. Continental Ins. Co., 519 So.2d 12 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1987).
Georgia: Maryland Cas. Co. v. Sammons, [63 Ga.App. 323] 11 S.E.2d 89 (Ga.[App.] 1940) (fees not available absent bad faith).
Illinois: *Bonnie Owen Realty Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., [283 Ill.App.3d 812, 219 Ill.Dec. 294] 670 N.E.2d 1182 (Ill.App. 5th Dist.1996); appeal denied, [171 Ill.2d 562, 222 Ill.Dec. 429], 667 [677] N.E.2d 963 (Ill.1997); but see Green v. J.C. Penney Auto Ins. Co., 806 F.2d 759, 765 (7th Cir.1986) (federal court applying Illinois law allowed fee award based on holding in *Trovillion v. United States Fidelity & Guar. Co., [130 Ill.App.3d 694] 474 N.E.[2d] 953 (Ill.App. 5th Dist.1985), which was overruled by Bonnie Owen).
Indiana: *Mikel v. American Ambassador Cas. Co., 644 N.E.2d 168 (Ind.Ct.App. 1994) (fees not available when insured brings suit; no ruling on availability of fees when insurer brings suit).
Iowa: New Hampshire Ins. Co. v. Christy, 200 N.W.2d 834 (Iowa 1972) (no fees absent showing of bad faith or fraud).
Louisiana: *Clemmons v. Zurich Gen. Accident & Liab. Ins. Co., 230 So.2d 887 (La.Ct.App.1969).
Michigan: *Shepard Marine Constr. Co. v. Maryland Cas. Co., [73 Mich.App. 62] 250 N.W.2d 541 (Mich.Ct.App.1976).
Missouri: *American Family Mut. Ins. Co. v. Brown, 631 S.W.2d 375 (Mo.Ct.App. 1982)
New Hampshire: Utica Mut. Ins. Co. v. Plante, [106 N.H. 525] 214 A.2d 742 (N.H.1965).
New Jersey: Gerhardt v. Continental Ins. Cos., [48 N.J. 291] 225 A.2d 328 (N.J. 1966) (N.J. later amended its court rules to permit fee awards in declaratory judgment suits in court's discretion; see infra E.1.).
New Mexico: *Lujan v. Gonzales, [84 N.M. 229] 501 P.2d 673 (N.M.Ct.App.), cert. denied, [84 N.M. 219] 501 P.2d 663 (N.M.1972).
Oregon: First Nat'l Bank v. Malady, [242 Or. 353] 408 P.2d 724 (Or.1966); Draper v. Mullennex, [225 Or. 267] 357 P.2d 519 (Or.1960).
South Carolina: Hegler v. Gulf Ins. Co., [270 S.C. 548] 243 S.E.2d 443 (S.C.1978) (fees allowed, however, based upon interpretation of the insurance contract; see infra B.1.).
Tennessee: Carter v. Virginia Sur. Co., [187 Tenn. 595] 216 S.W.2d 324 (Tenn.1948).
3. Split Among State's Appellate Courts
(1 TOTAL)
Ohio: *Nationwide Ins. Co. v. Harvey, [50 Ohio App.2d 361] 363 N.E.2d 596 (Ohio Ct.App.1976) (fees available only where "insurer has acted in bad faith or fraudulently or was stubbornly litigious"); *City of Willoughby Hills v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., [26 Ohio App.3d 146] 499 N.E.2d 31 (Ohio Ct.App.1986) (awarding fees where insured has not acted in bad faith or maliciously).
B. Fees Based on Insurance Contract Provision
1. Yes (7 TOTAL)
Colorado: *Wheeler v. Reese, 835 P.2d 572 (Colo.Ct.App.1992); *Allstate Ins. Co. v. Robins, [42 Colo.App. 539] 597 P.2d 1052 (Colo.Ct.App.1979) (fees are "reasonable expenses" incurred "at company's request").
Idaho: Occidental Fire & Cas. Co. v. Cook, [92 Idaho 7] 435 P.2d 364 (Idaho 1967) (same).
Kansas: Upland Mut. Ins., Inc. v. Noel, [214 Kan. 145] 519 P.2d 737 (Kan.1974) (same).
Maryland: Bankers & Shippers Ins. Co. of New York v. Electro Enters., Inc., [287 Md. 641] 415 A.2d 278 (Md.1980) (same).
North Dakota: State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Sigman, 508 N.W.2d 323 (N.D.1993) (same).
*1249 South Carolina: Hegler v. Gulf Ins. Co., [270 S.C. 548] 243 S.E.2d 443 (S.C.1978) (same).
Washington: Olympic S.S. Co. v. Centennial Ins. Co., [117 Wash.2d 37] 811 P.2d 673 (Wash.1991) (en banc) (same).
C. Fees Based on Declaratory Judgment Statute
1. Yes (3 TOTAL)
North Dakota: State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Sigman, 508 N.W.2d 323 (N.D.1993) (statute allows relief "whenever necessary or proper").
Texas: *Smith v. Fire Ins. Exch., 1996 WL 499453, 1996 Tex.App. LEXIS 4002 (awarding fees to insurer under declaratory judgment statute).
Wisconsin: Elliott v. Donahue, [169 Wis.2d 310] 485 N.W.2d 403 (Wis.1992).
2. No (6 TOTAL)
Alabama: Clark v. Exchange Ins. Ass'n, [276 Ala. 334] 161 So.2d 817 (Ala.1964).
Arizona: *State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. O'Brien, [24 Ariz.App. 18] 535 P.2d 46 (Ariz.Ct.App.1975) (fees not available to insured/plaintiff under statute; court does not decide availability of fees where insured is defendant).
Louisiana: *Burton v. Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 152 So.2d 235 (La.Ct.App.), cert. denied, [244 La. 895] 154 So.2d 767 (La.1963) (statute not for award of monetary judgments; further, fees not available under statute where suit not frivolous).
Oregon: Samuel v. Frohnmayer, [308 Or. 362] 779 P.2d 1028 (Or.1989).
Utah: Western Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Marchant, 615 P.2d 423 (Utah 1980) (fees not available under statute absent showing of bad faith).
Washington: Rocky Mountain Fire & Cas. Co. v. Rose, [62 Wash.2d 896] 385 P.2d 45 (Wash.1963).
D. Fees Pursuant to Statute to Discourage Coverage Contests[1]
1. Yes (8 TOTAL)
Arkansas: Hicks v. Allstate Ins. Co., [304 Ark. 101] 799 S.W.2d 809 (Ark.1990) (quoting Ark.Code Ann. § 23-79-209(a) (1987)).
Florida: *First Nat'l Ins. Co. v. Devine, 211 So.2d 587 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1968) (recovery of fees incurred at trial level; but no statutory authority at time suit was filed for fees on appeal).
Hawaii: Commerce & Indus. Ins. Co. v. Bank of Hawaii, [73 Haw. 322] 832 P.2d 733, recons. denied, [73 Haw. 625] 834 P.2d 1315 (Haw.1992).
Kansas: Missouri Med. Inc. Co. v. Wong, [234 Kan. 811] 676 P.2d 113 (Kan.1984).
Nebraska: State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Muth, [190 Neb. 248] 207 N.W.2d 364 (Neb.1973); see also State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Selders, [189 Neb. 334] 202 N.W.2d 625 (Neb.1972).
New Hampshire Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Home Ins. Indem. Co., [117 N.H. 269] 371 A.2d 1171 (N.H.1977).
New Mexico: Amica Mut. Ins. Co. v. Maloney, [120 N.M. 523] 903 P.2d 834 (N.M. 1995) (insured entitled to fees under statute where insurer failed to pay claim).
Oregon: McGraw v. Gwinner, [282 Or. 393] 578 P.2d 1250 (Or.1978) (fees available under statute only where settlement not made within six months and only where insured recovers money judgment against insurer).
*1250 E. Fees Based on Court Rule
1. Yes (1 TOTAL)
New Jersey: *New Jersey Mfrs. Ins. Co. v. Consolidated Mut. Ins. Co., [124 N.J.Super. 598] 308 A.2d 76 (N.J.Super.Ct.Law Div.1973).
F. Number of Jurisdictions Awarding Fees Pursuant to Cohen-Type Exception, Insurance Contract Provision, a Specific Statute, a Declaratory Judgment Statute, or Court Rule
(22 TOTAL)
Arkansas
Colorado
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho
Kansas
Maine
Maryland
Minnesota
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
South Carolina
Texas
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
G. Number of Jurisdictions Denying Fees on any Ground
(13 TOTAL)
Alabama
Arizona
California
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Louisiana
Michigan
Missouri
Ohio
Tennessee
Utah
NOTES
[1] According to the Zeenders' complaint, "[d]efendants knew ... that their role was to assist in integrating the personalities, and [that] they should avoid causing Mrs. Zeender to dissociate into any of her personalities."
[2] On appeal, Western World does not challenge the trial judge's holding that it had a contractual obligation to defend the Zeenders' lawsuit against Potomac Residence.
[3] See, e.g., Bankers & Shippers Ins. Co. v. Electro Enters., Inc., 287 Md. 641, 415 A.2d 278, 289 (1980); Cohen v. American Home Assurance Co., 255 Md. 334, 258 A.2d 225, 239 (1969); Baltimore Gas & Elec. Co. v. Commercial Union Ins. Co., 113 Md.App. 540, 688 A.2d 496, 514 (1997); cf. Collier v. MD-Individual Practice Ass'n, 327 Md. 1, 607 A.2d 537, 544 (1992). For historical and other reasons, we accord most respectful consideration to decisions of the Maryland Court of Appeals. See Ford v. United States, 616 A.2d 1245, 1252 n. 16 (D.C.1992) (citation omitted). As in Ford, however, we follow the Maryland cases cited primarily because of the force of their reasoning.
[4] See, e.g., Green v. J.C. Penney Auto Ins. Co., 806 F.2d 759, 765-66 (7th Cir.1986) (citing Illinois Supreme Court's decision in Conway v. Country Cas. Ins. Co., 92 Ill.2d 388, 65 Ill.Dec. 934, 938, 442 N.E.2d 245, 249 (1982)), but cf. Judge King's opinion, post at 1245-1246, note 14 (discussing Illinois intermediate appellate cases); National Cycle, Inc. v. Savoy Reinsurance Co., Ltd., 938 F.2d 61, 64 (7th Cir.1991); McGreevy v. Oregon Mut. Ins. Co., 128 Wash.2d 26, 904 P.2d 731, 735-36 (1995) (en banc); Olympic S.S. Co. v. Centennial Ins. Co., 117 Wash.2d 37, 811 P.2d 673, 681 (1991); Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Pitrolo, 176 W.Va. 190, 342 S.E.2d 156, 159-61 (1986); Brown v. State Auto. & Cas. Underwriters, 293 N.W.2d 822, 825 (Minn.1980); Gordon-Gallup Realtors, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 274 S.C. 468, 265 S.E.2d 38, 40 (1980); Wheeler v. Reese, 835 P.2d 572, 577 (Colo.App.1992); City of Willoughby Hills v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 26 Ohio App.3d 146, 499 N.E.2d 31, 34 (1986); see also Missouri Med. Ins. Co. v. Wong, 234 Kan. 811, 676 P.2d 113, 122-23 (1984) (insured entitled to award of counsel fees in insurer's unsuccessful declaratory judgment action to establish lack of coverage); Gibson v. Farm Family Mut. Ins. Co., 673 A.2d 1350, 1354-55 & n. 2 (Me.1996) (insured entitled to recover counsel fees in insurer's declaratory judgment action if insurer's duty to defend is clear, for "the insurer should not enjoy the usual freedom to litigate without concern about the possibility of having to pay the other party's attorneys' fees"; "bad faith," which the court deemed a "subjective and often misleadingly pejorative concept," need not be shown); Hayseeds, Inc. v. State Farm Fire & Cas., 177 W.Va. 323, 352 S.E.2d 73, 78 (1986) (policyholder may recover counsel fees whenever he successfully sues his own insurer over property damage claim; American Rule, which makes "eminently good sense" in most circumstances, "works badly" in the insurance context on account of the "disparity of bargaining power between company and policy holder (often exacerbated by the dynamics of the settlement bureaucracy))...."
The courts in the cases that we have cited have articulated various rationales for their rulings. Some have held that counsel fees in the declaratory judgment action constitute consequential damages flowing directly from the insurer's breach. Others have treated the insurer's refusal to honor its obligations under the policy as an authorization to the insured to retain other counsel. There have also been variations in the language of the policies before the different courts. The common theme of all of these decisions, however, is that application of the American Rule is inappropriate in the kind of scenario now before this court.
[5] The following authorities are among those favorable to Western World's position: Shepard Marine Constr. Co. v. Maryland Cas. Co., 73 Mich. App. 62, 250 N.W.2d 541, 543 (1976); New Hampshire Ins. Co. v. Christy, 200 N.W.2d 834, 845 (Iowa 1972); Lujan v. Gonzales, 84 N.M. 229, 501 P.2d 673, 682 (App.1972); State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Vails, 278 Ala. 266, 177 So.2d 821, 826 (1965); Carter v. Virginia Sur. Co., 187 Tenn. 595, 216 S.W.2d 324, 328 (1948); Maryland Cas. Co. v. Sammons, 63 Ga.App. 323, 11 S.E.2d 89, 92 (1940); Bonnie Owen Realty, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 283 Ill.App.3d 812, 219 Ill.Dec. 294, 300, 670 N.E.2d 1182, 1188 (1996); Mikel v. American Ambassador Cas. Co., 644 N.E.2d 168, 173 (Ind.App.1994); Clemmons v. Zurich Gen. Accident & Liab. Ins. Co., 230 So.2d 887, 895 (La.App.1969); and American Family Mut. Ins. Co. v. Brown, 631 S.W.2d 375, 379 (Mo.App.1982).
[6] The Maryland Court of Appeals has declined to extend the Cohen rule, and it has held that in the absence of a showing that the insurer acted in bad faith, an insured was not entitled to recover its counsel fees in a successful declaratory judgment action brought to establish coverage under a medical insurance policy. Collier, supra note 3, 607 A.2d at 542-43. In Collier, however, the policy in question did not contain a duty-to-defend provision. The language from Collier quoted by our dissenting colleague, post at 1245, must be understood in that context. We have no occasion here to express either agreement or disagreement with the holding in Collier.
[7] In McGreevy v. Oregon Mut. Ins. Co., supra note 4, the Supreme Court of Washington reiterated its holding in Olympic Steamship Co. The court stated that its decision "does not do violence to the American rule on attorney fees," 904 P.2d at 735, because "an insurance contract is substantially different from other commercial contracts," both in terms of disparity of bargaining power and because the purpose of obtaining such insurance is to avoid litigation and the expenses associated with it. Id. at 736.
[8] Potomac Residence contends that, contrary to the trial judge's conclusion, Western World's conduct was just as oppressive as that of the insurer in Siegel. In light of the discussion in Part II B, supra, we need not address that issue in relation to Potomac Residence's request for counsel fees for the declaratory judgment action. Given the policy's sexual exclusion clause and the substantially sexual nature of Ms. Prieto's alleged conduct, the record supports the trial judge's determination that the evidence was not sufficiently extreme to support a claim of bad faith denial of coverage.
[9] According to our dissenting colleague, Link merely "refined the definition of a recognized exception to the American Rule," and therefore "cannot be read as authority for a division of this court to adopt any `new' exception...." On the contrary, we held in Link that the description, in Alyeska and in our post-Alyeska jurisprudence, of specific exceptions to the American Rule was not necessarily exclusive, and could not and did not preclude a division of this court from recognizing an additional exception on an appropriate record:
As former Chief Judge Robinson has correctly observed, however, "Alyeska was not a contempt case, so there was no need in that action for the Court to discuss whether a finding of willfulness is a prerequisite to the award of attorneys' fees in a civil contempt proceeding." Motley [v. Yeldell, 664 F.Supp. 557, 558 (D.D.C.1987)]; accord, Perry [v. O'Donnell, 759 F.2d 702, 705 (9th Cir.1985)]. The Supreme Court has itself prudently issued the following warning:
It is timely again to remind counsel that words of our opinions are to be read in the light of the facts of the case under discussion. To keep opinions within reasonable bounds precludes writing into them every limitation or variation which might be suggested by the circumstances of cases not before the Court. General expressions transposed to other facts are often misleading. Armour & Co. v. Wantock, 323 U.S. 126, 132-33 [65 S.Ct. 165, 168, 89 L.Ed. 118] (1944); see also Tenants of 1255 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W. v. District of Columbia Rental Hous. Comm'n, 647 A.2d 70, 77 & n. 8 (D.C.1994). The Supreme Court's allusion in Alyeska to "willful" disobedience of a court order cannot reasonably be construed to resolve a question not before the Court, namely whether the remedial authority of a court of equity following a violation of that court's decree extends to the award of counsel fees occasioned by the contemnor's noncompliance.
If Alyeska is read "in light of the facts of the case [there] under discussion," Armour & Co., supra, 323 U.S. at 133 [65 S.Ct. at 168], ... then its application or lack thereof to this appeal becomes readily apparent.
Link, 650 A.2d at 932 (emphasis added).
[10] See, e.g., Gray v. Citizens Bank of Washington, 602 A.2d 1096, 1097 (D.C.) vacated, id. at 1102, opinion reinstated on denial of rehearing en banc, 609 A.2d 1143 (D.C.1992) (en banc).
[11] This doctrine provides that in the absence of a statutory proscription or contractual provision, an employer may discharge an at-will employee for any reason or for no reason.
[12] See also the concurring opinion of Judge Tamm, 219 U.S.App. D.C. at 113, 675 F.2d at 1338: ("[I]t is not enough for an opposing party simply to state ... that the hours claimed are excessive and the rates submitted too high.... [If the objections] appear to be more in the nature of a blunderbuss attack than a precise and well-founded challenge, the [opponent] has failed to carry its burden, and, assuming that plaintiff has met [its] threshold burden, the fees requested by plaintiff should be awarded.")
[13] Potomac Residence also contends that because it is seeking an award of counsel fees based on a contract, its burden is lower than it would be in a statutory fee case. "It is most important to note the distinction between claims for attorney's fees brought in the context of private damages actions and those made under a statute authorizing recovery of attorney's fees by prevailing parties in suits against the government or in civil rights cases." Eureka Inv. Corp., N.V. v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 240 U.S.App. D.C. 88, 97, 743 F.2d 932, 941 (1984). Potomac Residence asserts, however, that we need not decide whether a different standard applies because its defense costs in the Zeender litigation were "clearly reasonable."
[14] In Blake, however, we sustained an award of prejudgment interest as "necessary to fully compensate the plaintiff." 431 A.2d at 580. Blake and Flanaghan both involved controversies between contractors and subcontractors.
[15] Western World has not made this particular argument in its brief.
[16] The numbers cited do not all add up because some states have allowed fee awards on one or more grounds but have rejected such an award on some other ground or grounds.
[1] Oliver T. Carr Co. v. United Tech. Comm. Co., 604 A.2d 881, 883 (D.C.1992) (quoting Dalo v. Kivitz, 596 A.2d 35, 37 (D.C.1991)).
[2] Arcambel v. Wiseman, 3 Dall. 306, 1 L.Ed. 613 (1796); see Fleischmann Corp. v. Maier Brewing, 386 U.S. 714, 717-18, 87 S.Ct. 1404, 1406-07, 18 L.Ed.2d 475 (1967); the Supreme Court's most comprehensive discussion of the American Rule can be found in Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240, 95 S.Ct. 1612, 44 L.Ed.2d 141 (1975) where it declined to recognize an exception which would allow an award of attorneys' fees in actions where a litigant acted as a "private" attorney general.
[3] See Murphy v. O'Donnell, 63 A.2d 340 (D.C. 1948).
[4] See, e.g., Trilon Plaza Co. v. Allstate Leasing Corp., 399 A.2d 34, 37 (D.C.1979) and cases cited therein.
[5] M.A.P. v. Ryan, 285 A.2d 310, 312 (D.C.1971).
[6] The lead Maryland case is Cohen v. American Home Assurance Co., 255 Md. 334, 258 A.2d 225 (1969).
[7] Although of very limited applicability, the Supreme Court has also permitted a fee award under certain circumstances in some admiralty cases. See Vaughan v. Atkinson, 369 U.S. 527, 82 S.Ct. 997, 8 L.Ed.2d 88 (1962).
[8] In Murphy, supra note 3, we observed that some jurisdictions allow recovery of attorneys' fees incurred in an earlier litigation on a theory of "wrongful-involvement-in-litigation." See Auxier v. Kraisel, 466 A.2d 416, 420 (D.C.1983). We first allowed a fee award on that ground in Brem v. United States Fidelity & Guar. Co., 206 A.2d 404, 407 (D.C.1965). Fees are recoverable in such instances because the plaintiff was required to participate in some litigation with a third party at some earlier time due to the defendant's tortious conduct, and the plaintiff is therefore entitled to recover the losses incurred in the earlier action which includes attorneys' fees expended in pursuing or defending that action. See First Nat'l Bank of Hutchinson v. Williams, 62 Kan. 431, 63 P. 744, 745-46 (1901) cited in Murphy, supra, 63 A.2d at 342 n. 2. The situation is similar to what occurred here: because Potomac Residence prevailed in the declaratory judgment action against Western World, the latter is responsible for the attorneys' fees incurred by Potomac Residence in the earlier case in which it defended against the claim made against it by a third party. Allowance of fees in these circumstances is not an exception to the American Rule, however, because the American Rule applies to fee awards in the current case, not some past litigation.
[9] Four other federal circuits have reached the same result. See Cook v. Ochsner Found. Hosp., 559 F.2d 270, 272 (5th Cir.1977); TWM Mfg. Co. v. Dura Corp., 722 F.2d 1261, 1273 (6th Cir. 1983); Commodity Futures Trading Comm'n v. Premex, Inc., 655 F.2d 779, 785 (7th Cir.1981); and Sizzler Family Steak Houses v. Western Sizzlin Steak House, Inc., 793 F.2d 1529, 1535 (11th Cir.1986). The District of Columbia Circuit has not ruled formally on the point, but has indicated that it is in accord with the above cases. See Food Lion, Inc. v. United Food & Commercial Workers Int'l Union, AFL-CIO, 322 U.S.App. D.C. 301, 311 n. 14, 103 F.3d 1007, 1017 n. 14 (1997). The Third Circuit has left the question open. See International Bhd. of Teamsters v. Western Pa. Motor Carriers Ass'n, 660 F.2d 76, 84 n. 13 (3rd Cir.1981). The Second Circuit allowed fees in a case where the contempt was willful, see Vuitton et Fils S.A. v. Carousel Handbags, 592 F.2d 126, 130-31 (2nd Cir.1979), but has not addressed the precise question of whether fees are allowed absent a showing of willfulness.
[10] The two dissenters, one of whom was this judge, did not question the majority's conclusion that the division was correct in concluding that only the en banc court could authorize a division to recognize new exceptions. Rather, the dissenters were of the view that the en banc court should not extend such authority.
[11] A different majority, consisting of six judges, prescribed the standards a division must apply in determining new public policy exceptions. See Carl v. Children's Hosp., 702 A.2d 159, 163 (D.C. 1997) (Terry, J., concurring plurality opinion joined by three other judges) ("[T]he recognition of any public policy exception to the at-will doctrine must be solidly based on a statute or regulation that reflects the particular public policy to be applied, or (if appropriate) on a constitutional provision concretely applicable to the defendant's conduct."); see also id. at 197 n. 2 (Steadman, J., dissenting opinion, joined by this judge) (acquiescing in Judge Terry's concurring plurality opinion).
[12] See note 10, supra.
[13] Safeway Stores also relied upon cases from two other federal circuits. See Vallejos v. C.E. Glass Co., 583 F.2d 507, 510 (10th Cir.1978); Bagby v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 491 F.2d 192, 198 n. 9 (8th Cir.1974). The other four federal circuits that have addressed this issue are in accord. See, e.g., Peter Fabrics, Inc. v. S.S. Hermes, 765 F.2d 306, 315 (2nd Cir.1985); Thyssen, Inc. v. S/S Eurounity, 21 F.3d 533, 541 (2d Cir.1994); Signal Oil & Gas Co. v. Barge W-701, 654 F.2d 1164, 1178-79 (5th Cir.1981); Dillingham Shipyard v. Associated Insulation Co., 649 F.2d 1322, 1328 (9th Cir.1981).
[14] The majority also relies upon a decision of a federal court of appeals interpreting Illinois law. See Green v. J.C. Penney Auto Ins. Co., 806 F.2d 759 (7th Cir.1986). Ante at 1232, note 4. That reliance is misplaced for the following reason. Green principally relied upon Trovillion v. U.S. Fidelity & Guar. Co., 130 Ill.App.3d 694, 86 Ill. Dec. 39, 474 N.E.2d 953 (Ill.App. 5th Dist.1985), a decision of an Illinois intermediate appellate court. The Green court acknowledged that the appellate courts in two of the state's appellate districts had rejected fee awards in these circumstances, however, it chose to follow Trovillion, the only Illinois appellate case permitting fee awards, which was decided by an intermediate appellate court in still another district. Green, supra, 806 F.2d at 765. Trovillion, however, was recently expressly overruled by the appellate court that decided it. See Bonnie Owen Realty v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 283 Ill.App.3d 812, 219 Ill. Dec. 294, 300, 670 N.E.2d 1182, 1188 (Ill.App. 5th Dist.1996). Therefore, because Green's holding was based entirely upon a case that was itself later overruled, its precedential value is substantially undercut if not destroyed. The same can be said of the most recent federal decision cited by the majority which, like Green, predated Bonnie Owen. See National Cycle Inc. v. Savoy Reins. Co. Ltd., 938 F.2d 61 (7th Cir.1991). Ante at 1232, note 4.
[15] Because Ohio appellate courts have decided the issue both ways, it could be said that sixteen and a half of twenty-four states resolving the issue did not award fees.
[16] The judge's articulation should also address on remand the question whether prejudgment interest is appropriate on the counsel fee to be awarded to Potomac Residence in connection with the declaratory judgment action.
[17] In Cohen v. American Home Assurance Co., 258 A.2d at 226, five of seven judges of the court participated. One judge did not participate in Brown v. State Auto. & Cas. Underwriters, 293 N.W.2d 822 (Minn.1980).
[18] See e.g., D.C.Code § 1-2553(a)(1)(e) (1997 Repl.) (Human Rights Act); D.C.Code § 1-1527(c) (1997 Repl.) (Freedom of Information Act); D.C.Code § 28-3905(k)(1)(B) (District of Columbia Consumer Protection Procedures Act).
[19] I do agree with the majority that the case should be remanded for findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect to the reasonableness of the fee award in the underlying proceeding. I also agree with the majority that the record supports the trial judge's determination that there was insufficient evidence on which to base an attorneys' fee award on grounds of bad faith.
[1] For example:
In all suits in which the judgment or decree of a court is against a life, fire, health, accident, or liability insurance company . . . or in a suit for a declaratory judgment under the policy... the company shall also be liable to pay the holder of the policy all reasonable attorneys' fees for the defense or prosecution of the suit, as the case may be.
Hicks v. Allstate Ins. Co., 304 Ark. 101, 799 S.W.2d 809, 810 (1990) (quoting Ark.Code Ann. § 23-79-209(a) (1987)).
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | FreeLaw |
TIME AGAIN!
its that time again!
as many of you know afterbirth+ has been in dev for a few month mostly focused on the mod tools, but we have recently started on new content and as the weeks go by im going to once again try to do a few focused posts that revolve around fan feedback like i did back in the day with afterbirth.
this week is item week!
there are currently over 55 new items i afterbirth+ but i want at least 10 fan designed ones to be added before release, so here are the rules.
i started a reddit thread here, to submit your item item youll need to post it there.
-Only post one item per comment!
-Focus your attention on what the item does, not what it looks like!
-Try and keep your item unique, dont just say brimstone but purple and homing!
im looking for really out of the box shit this time and dont worry, even if your item is simple and unfocused but still fun/unique if it makes the cut ill tune and design it in a way that makes it work.
good luck!
———————-
Afterbirth console update!
afterbirth is complete and been submitted, we are just waiting on approval and once they give us a launch date we will post it asap!
———————-
Bumbo update!
Bumbo is unfolding quite well, i hope to be doing more full updates on it in the coming months once we have an official teaser video floating around. but till then i can only tease this beta partial screen cap to lube things up a bit.
also a few seem confused by the RPG aspect of the game that i mentioned in my last update, i kinda consider isaac to be an RPG so a better description would probably be “randomly generated turn based puzzle strategy”. “poop based punching sim” also works…
———————-
Misc. secret game update
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - Pope Francis has accepted the resignation of Archbishop Luigi Ventura, the Holy See’s ambassador to France, who has been accused of sexual molestation, the Vatican said on Tuesday.
Ventura last week turned 75, the age at which all bishops are obliged to hand in their resignations to the pope. Francis sometimes accepts them quickly, as in Ventura’s case, and sometimes keeps people in their jobs longer.
French authorities opened an investigation into Ventura in January after a junior official at Paris City Hall accused him of molestation.
The Vatican lifted Ventura’s diplomatic immunity in July so he could be questioned by prosecutors.
Ventura has not commented on the allegations. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
“I went to his bedroom to say good night,” Iraola said, turning to an audience that had been discussing diversity and inclusion in schools. “He was crying because of the abuse that he was enduring in this school system.”
Suddenly, the man behind him interjected.
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“Then why didn’t you stay in Mexico?” he asked.
The audience broke into a collective gasp, according to a video captured by MLive.com. Heads turned around to face the man, who later identified himself as Tom Burtell. (He did not immediately respond to a request for comment from The Washington Post early Tuesday.)
AD
“You need to leave,” one woman in the crowd told him. “That is disgusting,” shouted another.
The exchange, captured on both video and audio, has rocked the town of Saline, a mostly white suburb in eastern Michigan that had already been grappling with an instance of racism between students. In a Snapchat group between high school football players, two teammates had used racial slurs and talked of “WHITE POWER” earlier this year, the Ann Arbor News reported.
Monday’s meeting was meant to address the group chat and explore how Saline schools could move forward. Yet it also provided a firsthand example of some of the issues plaguing the school system, Iraola told The Washington Post.
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“We wanted to tell the audience that this [kind of discrimination] was alive and well,” he said. “We were very surprised to see that, right then and there, is the ignorance manifested by those comments."
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An architectural engineer by training, Iraola moved from Mexico City to the United States in 1980 “in search of a better life,” he said, having fallen in love with the area during a previous school trip to Ann Arbor. Together with his wife Lori, 55, they settled in Saline, hoping to take advantage of the town’s charm and high-quality school system.
Both parents got involved in coaching sports, he said, and the family went on to fulfill his long-held dream of starting a Mexican restaurant by opening Chela’s, a local favorite with three locations in the area. By most measures, their three kids — now 23, 26 and 28, all of them U.S.-born — reaped the benefits of Saline Area Schools, the school district.
AD
But as some of the few Latino children in the school system, they all struggled with the stereotypes held and offensive comments made by some of their classmates and teachers, Iraola said.
AD
One of their daughters was repeatedly called “Pocahontas” in the hallways. Their son was asked if his dad mowed grass for a living and whether he had swum across the Rio Grande or crossed the desert on foot.
Their daughter’s only teacher of color, her high school Spanish instructor, at one point shoved her folder onto the floor and forced the girl to pick up all the papers. “You’re Latina. You should know better,” the teacher said, according to Lori Iraola.
The district’s demographics have not appeared to change much since the Iraola children graduated. In the 2018-19 year, white students made up more than 85 percent of the student body at Saline Area Schools, according to Michigan state data, while Latinos comprised less than 2.5 percent and black students just under 2 percent.
AD
Last month’s incident drew attention to the schools’ racial dynamics, as a group of white football players added their black teammates to a private group message on the social media app Snapchat. The black teammates were introduced with the n-word, the News reported, and the group’s name was changed to “Racist” with two gorilla emoji.
AD
In a Jan. 27 letter to parents, Saline Area Schools Superintendent Scot Graden denounced that chat as “an act of racism that created harm to all of our students, especially students of color."
Yet that wasn’t enough to assuage the feelings of some parents, who said it was representative of something much larger. “Our reputation as a city is that we are racist,” one mother said at a school board meeting. One student told the News that the behavior exhibited on Snapchat “occurs daily and racist imagery can be found everywhere."
AD
For the Iraola family, news of the messages reopened old wounds, they said. After consulting with their grown children, Lori and Adrian decided to attend a meeting convened by the district as a show of solidarity with current students of color and their parents.
“We didn’t want this to be seen as an isolated event,” Lori Iraola said. “We wanted to tell the story of what we saw through our children’s eyes.”
AD
After hearing a presentation from the superintendent, Adrian Iraola raised his hand to participate in an open forum. He was in the middle of describing his children’s experiences with discrimination, he said, when a loud voice behind made him stop — and then, made his blood boil.
AD
Burtell would later tell the audience that “black racism” and discrimination against white people are a problem and that the district’s diversity efforts were “ludicrous.”
“You’re complaining about situations and this incident where somebody made a little tweet. Nobody got hurt in that, and that was done off campus,” Burtell said. "That doesn’t concern the school system. Everybody has a right to free speech.”
During the meeting, however, Burtell and his comments were condemned almost immediately. At the front of the room, Brian Wright, a black parent whose son was targeted in the Snapchat group, stood up to say that the man’s question was “indicative of what our kids are experiencing.”
AD
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In a Facebook post later on Monday, Burtell’s son, Matt, called his father’s question a “deliberately racist” one.
“His views of hate in no way represent my own,” the post said. “I stand in solidarity with the refugees and immigrants of the world.”
Today my father asked a deliberately racist question at the Saline Area Schools diversity and inclusion meeting. His... Posted by Matt Burtell on Monday, February 3, 2020
During the meeting, however, Iraola tried to give Burtell room to share his thoughts. He gestured to offer the man his microphone, later saying that "if he had something to say, he should say it.”
When it became clear that the man’s interjection was over, Iraola resumed speaking. This time, he addressed Burtell directly. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
My wife has a galeophobia, which is the fear of sharks. She is terrified to swim in the harbour, or even to muck around in the surf despite the fact that (and QI is my source here) she has far more chance of being bitten by a New Yorker.
Phobia doesn't seem the right word for it though, does it? Because it is not irrational to be scared of sharks, in fact they scare the hell out of me, too, though I will play the odds when it comes to a harbour swim.
The irrational part is the LIKELIHOOD that she will ever see one, let alone get bitten by one.
But despite the tiny chance that the event will happen, the horror that surrounds a shark attack is enough to rob her of the joy of playing in the waves.
Recently our neighbourhood got a dose of paedophilophobia, spurred by an incident, reported to police, that someone had tried to entice a child into their car on a busy road near us.
Social media went wild, there were Facebook posts, emails and tweets about the incident, all of which was encouragingly protective to begin with.
But then the Chinese whispers started.
News came of new incidents, then those incidents stopped being incidents and became attempts at "child snatching". We have a child in school and daycare, both of which were rife with the news that it had happened more than once.
I had a trawl online and there was no news of a spate of attempted child-napping in our area.
There was no visible increase police presence, so I dismissed much of it.
Perhaps there was one attempt but several seemed unlikely, still the mood that afternoon at school pick-up was not so much vigilant as vigilante. People were whispering in groups about police inaction and the "latest" attack and I would not have been surprised to hear they were getting a posse together.
Because it had now got completely out of control, just before we received an email from police.
They had receieved a complaint about a male approaching young kids in the area but after investigating it "there was a misunderstanding with no adverse findings against the vehicle or any person associated with this incident".
That's right, there were not multiple child-snatching attempts, there was not even one. The event exposed the local communities readiness to leap on it though.
A paedophile attack would be horrific, beyond any fear you have for your child, but the likelihood of a child being taken from the street is about as rare as a shark attack.
The headline cases like abuser Josef Fritzl and child-napped Madeleine McCann make us sick to our stomachs but the truth is that most child abuse comes from someone you know (yet we don't ask Uncle Jim to wear a GPS-locating leg bracelet at the family BBQ - though perhaps that is only a matter of time).
There is no real evidence of an increase in paedophile activity in the past few decades, even with the advent of the internet. Incidents of institutional abuse have been exposed, with churches and schools put under greater scrutiny if anything.
So surely it's time to rein in the irrational fear.
This paedophilophobia is fuelled by a salacious press with a click-hungry news cycle that will run far-flung child abuse cases well ahead of any local news.
The number of child abuse news stories we see needs to be viewed globally, it is not all happening in our back door, editors are cherry-picking the very worst in the hope you, horrified, will drive traffic.
This is not some grass roots community reaction to a real and growing threat, but a fear forced onto us by a skewed world view.
And it is having a negative effect on our kids.
Our children no longer run the streets and play freely, we suspect any kindness from strangers and my son's male kindergarten teacher is becoming a rarity.
Can you be too vigilant? I think you can. This irrational fear is harming communities rather than helping them, where a kindly neighbour has to think twice before helping a young child.
In Britain a few years ago a study showed that 99 per cent of adults would ignore a distressed child in a shopping centre for fear they would be viewed as predatory, surely in an atmosphere like this our kids are morely likely to be harmed by inaction than by a child snatcher.
I want my kids to be safe and having them abducted would be the worst kind of hell imaginable, but I don't want to participate in this first-world hysteria because we are running out of real concerns for our kids (apart from whether or not they will master the violin).
I want them to be cautious but not afraid, I want them to have the street smarts not to get into a car with a stranger but not a lingering paranoia that makes them view someone asking directions as a potential threat.
- Daily Life | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Actions
1 of 2 Washington state escapees caught
Posted: 1:24 PM, Apr 07, 2016
Updated:2016-04-07 17:52:48Z
By:
The Associated Press
Copyright Associated Press
Uncredited
<p>These undated photos provided by the Lakewood Police Department shows Mark Alexander Adams, left, and Anthony Garver. Adams and Garver, described as dangerous, have escaped from Western State Hospital, a psychiatric facility, in Pierce County, south of Tacoma, Wednesday, April 6, 2016. (Lakewood Police Department via AP)</p>
SEATTLE (AP) — One of two men who escaped from a troubled psychiatric facility in Washington state was caught Thursday, but the second fugitive, who was accused of murder but found mentally incompetent to stand trial, is still on the loose.
Lawler says Adams, who was arrested on suspicion of domestic assault in 2014, was recognized and police detained him. Detectives will interview him.
Adams got on a bus Wednesday night after he and Anthony Garver, 28, fled Western State Hospital, south of Tacoma, police said. Adams asked how to get to the airport, and he was caught in a town just south of Seattle-Tacoma International Airport.
The escape is the latest in a litany of problems at the 800-bed hospital, south of Tacoma.
U.S. regulators have repeatedly cited the facility over safety concerns for both staff and patients, including violent assaults, leading to threats to cut millions in federal funds to the facility. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recently extended the hospital's deadline for fixing the problems from April 1 to May 3.
A federal judge also has said the hospital has failed to provide timely competency services to mentally ill people charged with crimes.
Garver, who was arrested on suspicion of murder in 2013, remains at large. Both men were being treated for mental illnesses by court order when they escaped on foot. They had been found mentally incompetent to stand trial.
A bus driver picked up a man he believes was Garver around 6 p.m., Lawler said. A couple of hours later, he picked up a man he believes was Adams. The driver told authorities that Adams was interested in going to SeaTac, home to the Seattle area's airport. Police have requested video from the transit agency.
Garver's real last name is Burke, but he goes by Garver and also has used the alias Deryk Garver, Lawler said. Police are urging anyone who spots Garver to keep away and contact authorities.
The hospital is facing increased federal scrutiny, but assaults have persisted, according to records obtained by The Associated Press.
A patient with a history of violent behavior choked and punched a mental health technician on March 26, according to an internal report. Another report on March 23 said a male patient slipped out of his monitors and was found in a bathroom with another male patient, who said he was sexually assaulted.
The state has tried to fix some of the problems by increasing funds so more staff could be hired. But the hospital has struggled with recruiting and retaining workers.
Injured employees missed 41,301 days of work between 2010 and 2014 and on-the-job injuries forced staff to move to other jobs, like desk work, for 7,760 days during that period, according to state Occupational Safety and Health Administration records.
Workers' compensation insurance paid $6 million in wage and medical costs for claims to injured hospital workers between January 2013 and September 2015, according to records acquired by the AP. More than half of the 700 injuries reported by nurses, psychiatric technicians, counselors, psychiatrists and other workers during that period were caused by violent patient assaults, the records said. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
--in your house of memories|
Ah, the smell of turkeys... The sound of Thanksgiving! *uhh Leya, you don't celebrate Thanksgiving in your country! /laughs/*
Still and all, it's just the right season to be grateful for EVERYTHING, fandom-wise. I have prepped to make a pimp post/list of all of NEWS' activities this 2016, but I was apparently distant for some time, and I couldn't do it without possibly missing a detail or two (but I still want to do it; why not? ^_^)
Although I'm a week late with the LJ greeting, my birthday posts were actually posted early--minutes to November 11. Ironically, even when now I don't get enthusiastic over NEWS/Tegoshi like I used to, his 29th birthday was his birthday I anticipated the most. Blame the 29-peso Coke Float from McDonalds I got addicted to; every time I bought the flashing ₱29 made me think of Tegoshi (even Brendon) and his then-incoming 29th year of fucking existence.
A week after the post, I’d like to rant. I usually say what I think on FB but I feel like this is a small, shallow complaint, otherwise it affects me negatively. I’m very, very, very disappointed that my birthday post got a low count of 20 notes.
Yes it matters to me, especially when my past tributes never reached below the 50-note mark. There’s a reason I don’t go too personal on Tumblr: it is where I want recognition for my aesthetics rather than to be gushy or soppy (not to say I ain’t ever! For one, my birthday post is a gushy type of post.)
To be fair I still had another birthday tribute posted, and it got an equal number of notes yet it was a sleazy bit that I wasn’t too concerned about. (crossposted on Tumblr and All Things Tegoshit)
It was the antithesis to the seriousness of the other post, and an indicator that despite everything, I was very much having fun that day.
Speaking of having fun! On Nov. 11 I had a spontaneous meet-up with Dhes, where the idea of this entry’s title comes from. “Spontenacious” for the half-carefree, half-solid celebration, and “Cereb-ration”, because we had a whole afternoon/evening of fandom talk—portions of which were intellectual, almost deep discussions about Tegoshi, Tegomass, NEWS… you know, fandom thingamajigs.
And in every fan gathering there’s a huge deal of wacky and tacky:
You know what it meant, right? xD
GOTTA CATCH IT WHOLE... TEGOMON!!
Oraaaaaaayt. Happy Pocky Day as well!
While Tegoshi’s birthday was a “spontenacious cereb-ration”, Tegomass’ anniversary was a very quiet day for me, having a severe cold and cough I can’t even see the computer screen clearly and all I did was borrow (and credit ofc!) a TM fanart from Deviantart and post it on FB.
But the international fandom has been more than ready. In all its awesomeness, here’s the Intl Paana (including the Japanese fans) tribute to テゴマスの10th!
Tegomass is such a powerful duo shown in the prettiest of images, don't you agree? ♥Again, happy birthday Tegoshi and happy anniversary Tegomass. There are a lot of things to be grateful for, and for us, you are on the top of the list.
Happy 8th anniversary to the ONLY girl group I love! That's an accurate statement. Even though I have/had many girl group "flings" (I follow more girl groups than boy groups, to be honest!), KARA is the only girl group in which I can't see any superficiality.° Not to say other groups are fake; who am I to judge? But when it's KARA it's definitely a family.
(photo credits: Jelah Ruz @ KARA Philippines)
At first I tried to make a birthday message. If you ever guessed, I've never made any bday tribute to these girls. I thought of a pimp post but that's something to leave to hardcore Kamilias--I admit I am far (still far) to be one. I also composed a dramatic essay but it doesn't fit with my celebratory mood. (Yes. Celebratory in all its glory!!) You know, one thing that makes me fall in love with KARA over and over again is their songs that seem to not run out of energy.° The signature KARA sound that, despite my hate in the beginning (refer to this post), brought the highest levels of hyperness in me and gave me regular urgencies to dance.° I got my hand movements wrong in Lupin and had the time of my life doing the wrong steps to Step, but at least I've done these... and more! Super thanks to you, gals :">
It is not unknown to everyone that I'm a fan of KARA's Japanese discography. In fact, I listen to it more than I listen to their Korean songs. I'm so thankful for the huge JPop influence in the group, for if they aren't JPop-like sound-wise I might never appreciated them this far.° If they didn't venture into Japanese market I might've not known them anyway. I may be greedy and senseless for thinking this but KARA is a JPop group to me. But no hate, please. ^^ I'm aware that their origins are Korean and never will they be in line with JPop groups. Yet this is another reason to love them: The KPop label and the JPop heart.° It's like seeing two groups, listening to two cultures, and understanding two languages in one. Isn't that awesome?
KARA is called the 'Miracle group'° for a variety of reasons I will not discuss here (I recommend watching these documentaries to satisfy your curiosity xD). The members have been through a lot, and it made them stronger, braver, wiser. It might not be too obvious but they are some of the richest in the KPop idoldom, too! However, it's definitely not cliche to say that their humility is outstanding and one-of-a-kind°. A big part of this is attributed to them being the 'miracle group'.
Like my ultimate bias group, NEWS, KARA has an interesting member line-up changes from the year they were formed to the present.° Originally four, a member left and was replaced by two, making them five for a long time. Then two members left and were replaced by one, making them four again. There's no need to hide your laughing because it's actually hilarious. More importantly, come to think of it, they survived through it all!°
° = the reasons why I love KARA [the supposed-to-be title of this post~]
KARA Playlist
Since I don't have much to babble about, I'd end this post with a list of song recommendations (mostly Japanese tracks, and you know why!)
Probably you've heard of the song MR. more than you've heard about the group who sang it. (It was such a trend!) But there's more to KARA than their butt dance; here are the songs that caught my attention, became my jam, and many of these belong to my ultra-favorites until now. There are also some ballads just in case you're wondering if they ever sing slow songs.
KARA's vocals were once dubbed as the worst in KPop. I won't disagree. However, I'm still proud of the group's unique vocal substance that gives their songs their own catchy brand.
Here is my recommendation list, not in order (although it tends to). Hope you find the time listening to some!
5-member KARA (2008-2013)
・STEP (super favorite and always in the top of my playlists! It's Korean but there's a Japanese version as well; albeit I recommend the K-version only.)
・Girls Power (the song that brought me to liking KARA)
[video: Girls Power]
・Speed Up
・ゴ！ゴ！ サマー
・Ima Okuritai Arigatou (the song for the fans. There are K and J versions; albeit I recommend the J-version only)
・Winter Magic
・Promise
・ Jumping (I recommend both K and J versions)
・HANABI
・Love Is (I recommend J-ver. )
・Rock On
・Love Is Fire
・Pretty Girl (I recommend both K and J versions)
・Jet Coaster Love
・Burn
Original 4-member KARA (2007)
・Break It
・If You Wanna
・Words I Couldn't Keep
New 4-member KARA (2014 - )
・MAMMA MIA (I recommend K-ver.)
・So Good
Whew, I missed making KARA posts! I'm glad I finally got to it again! Along with this is a promise that I'd be a better fan. The type which, can write andwill write a pimp post or even just an appreciation post. Because you are worth the appreciation. <3
Again, happy 8th anniversary. You are a miracle, and meeting you is magic.
EVERY NOVEMBER 11TH OF THE YEAR I MAKE A BLOG POST FOR TEGOSHI--WHY I LOVE THIS PERSON, WHAT'S SO AWESOME ABOUT HIM, WHAT ARE THE THINGS THAT REMIND ME OF HIM. ♫ FOR HIS 27TH BIRTHDAY, I'M ALREADY OUT OF IDEAS (LOL) BUT I CAME UP WITH A LIST OF REASONS WHY IT'S HARD TO BE A TEGOSHI FAN!
( ^ sorry for the all caps wahahahaha. Did you know that I have fever while typing this? But let's get this posted, for the love of Tego!)
Squeal-inducing fanservice, calling us his girlfriends, doing his best in everything, and calling himself a perfect idol, plus the fact that he's extremely good looking and a pro at singing, are the reasons why we just can't get enough of Tegoshi. But life with him as our bias isn't only about boldness when he blasts on the stage or pride when he accomplishes a project in ItteQ. It's nerve-wrecking too, worrisome, and definitely hard at times. Common reasons?
How fast does time fly? Fast enough for our beloved group to celebrate its eleventh year of existence before we can even move on from the tenth!
NEWS' 9th anniversary was grand, because it was its first anniversary as a four-member group. NEWS' 10th anniversary was majestic, because the group was obviously in its 10th year. I started making this post, thinking, "What will everyone do for NEWS' 11th year? What will members do on their anniversary? Is there a way to make this September 15 just as memorable as the past NEWS anniversaries? Of course I couldn't contribute much to the fandom and I have always been like that (Sorry I was an inattentive fan back then!)... But I thought I had to keep doing my 'tradition' whenever the fated day of the year comes, and that is to have my own little gift: A blog post dedicated to NEWS.
But wait, there's a twist to this. Unlike my previous anniversary posts, this tribute comprisesother fans' thoughts, feelings, and a little bit of their fandom history.. In other words, I did an interview to Chankapaana around the world! (you could imagine me flying to all the countries mentioned in ONE -for the win- *kidding*) Thanks to social networking sites and blogs, I somehow made this a success LOL. The interview consists of three (3) basic questions about the "Life of NEWS Fans"--or simply, what made these people like NEWS, love NEWS, and stay with NEWS. Think of it as the interviews you read in Myojo, Popolo, etc... But instead of NEWS you'll read the fans' words! Yes, this is our Ai Kotoba. #てずてってとってNEWS ♫
Please take note that most of the fans interviewed here (including me) obviously aren't native English speakers so there are grammar lapses. I didn't want to change their original messages so I left them as they were, the way they were typed--even the capitalization and punctuation (except for some words/phrases that definitely needs correction).
1. How did you become a fan of NEWS?
Minori, Japan
I watched NEWS on TV. So I thought "Wow, they're so cool"
Ghea, Indonesia
I became news fan because of my sister's friend. she showed me a news pv, news nippon if i'm not wrong. XD and she showed me some photos of JE too like jin akanishi, etc. Then i started to search some infos about news. i was searching for their photos, videos, interview, etc. without i realize i suddenly like them, but now i love them. XD
Tata Massu, roleplayerI only knew Yamapi first from his drama Nobuta wo Produce. One day, I was watching Music Station on Animax then suddenly I heard this uberly cute song from an adorably boy group. All I can see is the title of the song which is weeeek but I still didn't know who's the band. Ever since then, it was always on my mind and I was desperately looking for it. On my birthday, my sisters downloaded the song as a gift for me and that's when I found out that the band's name is NEWS.
Samara, BrazilI became a fan of News after I met tegomass by anime lovely complex, was this year ♥
Katherine, CanadaOriginally a KAT-TUN, but the interaction between members of KAT-TUN x 4nin NEWS had shone through me to become a fan of NEWS.
Hana, EquadorI watched Hana Yori Dango and I knew Matsu Jun, then I knew Arashi, Arashi drove me to JE, And finally I fell in love with NEWS.
Hayame, PhilippinesINFLUENCED by FRIEND whom I met when I bought a NEWS ALBUM
Sondos, Jordan/U.S.A.I became a news fan in late 2010 when i stumbled by an anime called Lovely Complex. The first thing that caught my attention was the opening and ending. i absolutely loved both which brought me into searching up who these lovely singers were. I have then found Tegomasu~ I never look up artists when i like a song so looking them up feels like destiny to me. Ever since my discovery with this amazing duo.... ohmygawd i could not stop. i looked them up 25/8 and i was practically addicted. Around that same time, i found out that this duo was actually a sub group from a bigger group that are actually 6 lovely members in a band called NEWS that soon controlled my life till this day.
Demi Tokyo Inooshi, U.S.ASaw a video on the internet
Bena, MalaysiaHonestly i started liking JE when i watched Kindaichi, but that time acting by tsuyoshi.. then from that i know existence of JE maybe around 2001.. then i follow johnnys jr including kattun.. then once NEWS debut I started to become their fan coz i love K.K.kity.
Mary Grace, PhilippinesActually I became their fan way back 2008 when I first watched their weeeek PV, I really love the PV and the song so much that I always listened to it, But I get too busy in my college life that when I came back to the fandom they were already four left. At first is so shocking for me that happened but I get over it when I watched their UtsuCon and I must say I really ♥ 4-nin NEWS more.
Amy, RussiaWell, first I didn’t like them. I was a fan of KAT-TUN. Then I saw Tegoshi’s Ai nante performance and I fell in love deeply and for a long time.
Issa, ArgentinaMy friend gave me "Ichi ritoru no namida" and after a little of tears -literally!- I made a research on the protagonist Mr. Ryo Nishikido, and Mr. Google-sama took me the 1st video I saw of NEWS in my life: a live perf. Koi no ABO!! and then Eito's OOSAKA obachan ROCK! and my face was like > D:"Are you serious? is that the same guy from the drama?" well it was the same guy LOL and then all my crazy devotion to these insane boys started...2009
2. What are the things you like about NEWS?
Minori: Everything!!
Ghea: What i like about news... i like all things about them. they're just perfect~ ♥
Tata Massu: I think I love the pureness of NEWS. I like their style and their songs. They're far too normal for being a JE Idol but I think that's what makes them unique. They're relate-able and simple.
Samara: I like them because they are lovable, funny and incredible. ♥ :)
Katherine: Happiness and laughter that each member has given to all Chankapanas
Hana: I love everything about NEWS, their voices, their songs, their boys, everything! :3
Hayame: THE UNIQUENESS of the TUNE of their songs and also their individual personality
Sondos: The things I like about NEWS is obviously, everything. From as small as making stupid puns, changing hairstyles, magazine photoshoot etc. to as big as their will to stay strong after so much, their faith in the fandom, their hard work, the love they teach us, the love they spread to us, the inspiration they gave to us, and the list goes on. I love everything. and everything is news. Everything is what makes up news.
Demi Tokyo Inooshi: The music, fun personalites, Tegoshi :D
Bena: Their love towards their fans as same as we love them. another are their members ai!! i love all their characters~
Mary Grace: I super like NEWS that so many things pop out in my mind, but among all, I like NEWS because of Koyama Keiichiro, Masuda Takahisa, Kato Shigeaki and Yuya Tegoshi, because of them we all have a group that we love and that is NEWS.
Amy: What I like about NEWS? I’ve already wrote all this stuff in my previous (Tumblr) posts. You can check them out on my blog under the tag “My thoughts” and “My ramblings”. But to sum it up I can say, they are positive and hyper and all over the place when they perform and they are in sync whic is important, since KAT-TUN are bad at dancing. lol
Issa: Thing Iike the most: courage and dedication (aren't they the most brave members of that Evil Agency?? of course they are! can overcome anything!!!)
3. Lastly, say a message to NEWS!
Minori: I luv U alot<3 "4ever10ve"
I don't know what to say LOL
Just I luv you;)))
Ghea: I hope NEWS will release a single and album as fast as possible and make a concert again. i hope they make a concert in indonesia. and i want them to have variety show, it'll be cool. T.T i love NEWS so much. ♥
Tata Massu: NEWS Ganbare! I'll support you until the end!
Samara: NEWS dear, I'm very happy to have known you, you are within my heart.I'm going love them forever and I will be always a Chankapana faithful ♥ I love NEWS now and forever !! ♥ ^_^
Katherine: The hardships, the tears, and the happiness that NEWS went through had motivated me to stride forward, and for that, thank you, NEWS~
Hana: Please, don't stop fighting ever, fans always are waiting for you. Thanks for making my world happier. ♥ I love you so much.
Hayame: NEWS! YAY!!! ARIGATOU NYUSU MEMBA!!! ALL OF YOU GIVE US A DREAM AND GOAL IN LIFE... PLEASE CONTINUE TO BE ONE!!!
Sondos: The first thing I want to say to NEWS is, thank you. thank you for these 5 years we shared together. thank you for the memories, the love, the strengths, the weaknesses, the tears, the laughs, thank you. thank you for believing in this beautiful fandom that i consider my second home. thank you for believing in yourself when people told you it wasn't possible to continue. thank you for cherishing and protecting this impossible dream we have embraced and loved as a whole. thank you for being there when i had no one to turn back to. thank you for grasping to that small hope after losing so much. thank you for the beautiful moments i have shared with you through out this journey. thank you for being thankful. thank you for being my inspiration, my role models, my family. sometimes the word "thanks" can't express a huge emotion of what someone wants to show gratitude for. all the "i love you"s and "thank you"s in the world combined cannot express these emotions i have towards you. thank you, thank you for everything. these past 11 years have been a bumpy road but you showed how to over come any obstacle in your way. NEWS, I love you from the bottom of my heart, right here, right now and tezutettetote (take out the te) HAPPY 11TH ANNIVERSAY. FOR EVERY PROUD MOMENT AND FOR EVERY LOVELY MOMENT, THANK YOU. and last but not least, thank you for showing me that a four-leafed clover truly is lucky ♥
Demi Tokyo Inooshi: I MISS YOU SOOO MUCH!! Please keep fighting and I hope you have lots of new activities and happiness ♥
Bena: Whatever happens, i will never change my love towards NEWS. this is my promise!
Mary Grace: First of all domo Grace desu! ^_^ Otanjoubi Omedetou NEWS-kun I hope to see more of NEWS but it is also ok to wait as long as NEWS is there. I want to thank NEWS to all the love they have to the fan, because they always thinking about us. Hope they enjoy their 11th birthday on September 15, NEWS Ganbatte ne ^_^
Amy: “Can I become your friend, please, please, please? I can play soccer, I like to eat and I can dance Chankapana, which is very awkward and emberessing when a 27 yo girl starts dancing in the middle of the street out of nowhere. But that’s how I greet my friends, and besides being dorky, it is very cute." And thanx to NEWS songs I learnt many Japanese words, which is very helpful now when I take Japanese classes.
Issa: THANK YOU & I LOVE YOU (with ALL the meaning these expressions may include)
****
I thank these wonderful fans who were ready to share little pieces of their feelings. In fact, most of these people aren't close to me at all; technically, we live at different sides of the globe, and I don't talk to them in a regular basis. It actually took me a lot of courage to invite these people for a random interview. Truthfully only a quarter of the people I messaged in FB and other sites responded. As much as I'd hoped all countries to participate, of course there are many reasons for them not being able to reply. Anyhow this post turned out quite decent, didn't it? :)
As mentioned earlier, before starting this tribute I was wondering how fans will celebrate NEWS11th, when NEWS doesn't have any activities at the moment. Then one by one fan groups from different countries announced their projects! (Have you joined any of those? Join and spread the love!) Some are still ongoing I think. Let's do it for the fandom's sake ♥
By the way, one of the people interviewed asked me to answer my own questions and include them in this post! WARNING: I ALWAAAAYS GIVE LONG, DETAILED ANSWERS. But here I'll try to shorten as much as I can. ^_^
I first heard about the group NEWS in 2009 when one of my classmates had a crush on Massu and my best friends were teasing her about it... I joined in the teasing despite not knowing who that Massu was (LOL). One day I went to my bff's dorm to borrow her laptop but at that time they were using it for something else--watching a NEWS concert. They told me to stay so that I could finally know who's the Massu, so I stayed. I saw Tegoshi instead and I fell for him at first sight! ^o^ But I didn't bother to research about him nor NEWS. After some time I remebered nothing except the name of the member I liked: Yuya. xD Maybe I wasn't supposed to become a fan that year? But the year later, 2010, my roommate who was a newbie fangirl (Massu-biased too) introduced me to Tegomasu and I immediately loved their musicality. I recognized Massu but not Tegoshi. We began researching, and little by little I discovered that Tegomass is a subgroup of NEWS. And the Tegoshi in Tegomasu is actually the Yuya in NEWS. I believe in fate, so, here I am now. HAHAHAHAHA ♥
It's a hard question now that I'm answering it myself! What I like about NEWS: diversity of the members. Koyama is totally different from Tegoshi, Tegoshi from Shige, Shige from Massu and Massu from Koyama but when they are together it's the perfect chemistry. I know I'm just being biased because Arashi's bond is HANDS DOWN but I like NEWS' aura overall... In performances, backstage, Soukon, etc. I also like their history; it's colorful, it's beautiful, it's something realistic. NEWS had taught me lots of things too. They're inspiring~
NEWS, I wish I had known you earlier because I want to show you how loyal I am to you. But anyway... You were just an interesting group to me before, you are an amazing family to me now, and you will be an irreplaceable existence to me forever. Right now you're on your 11th year, I hope you'll be going on till eternity and I will be with you! ♫
****
Done! If you are reading this, thank you too! Assuming you're a NEWS fan, you can also answer the interview if you like. Comment away! HAPPY ANNIVERSARY, NEWS AND CHANKAPAANA!
(crossposted on my blogspot and tumblr. Check them out too, especially the tumblr post, because it's slightly different) | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
BRUSSELS (Reuters) - Belgium’s Roman Catholic Church, already reeling from allegations of sexual abuse, faced a new scandal Friday after its primate wrote that AIDS was “a sort of inherent justice.”
Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels and Primate of Belgium Andre-Joseph Leonard looks on during a news conference in Brussels June 25, 2010. REUTERS/Francois Lenoir
Many lawmakers condemned Archbishop Andre-Joseph Leonard, the head of the Belgian church, for the remarks in a new book and Belgium’s center for equal opportunities received a series of complaints, including one by a lawyer who said his comments were incitement to hatred.
The Church is struggling to recover from the resignation of the Bishop of Bruges in April after he admitted sexually abusing a nephew.
In his book “Monseigneur Leonard - Conversations,” the archbishop referred to a remark by the late Pope John Paul II who said, when asked whether AIDS was a punishment from God, that it was difficult to judge God’s will.
“I would not at all think in such terms. I do not see this illness as a punishment, at most a sort of inherent justice, a bit like how we are presented with the bill for what we do to the environment,” Leonard said.
“Perhaps human love also wreaks revenge if it is mishandled without there having to be a transcendental source.”
Jean Marie de Meester, a lawyer from Oostkamp near Bruges, said he had filed a complaint with the Center for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism.
“You can claim freedom of speech, but in his position he needs to be careful what he says. It has a lot of influence,” he said.
“The comments are not just unfortunate. They are incitement to hatred... In its current condition, the Church does not have the moral right to judge others.”
The Center said it shared the indignation that the archbishop’s comments had caused, even if they did not break the anti-discrimination law.
“He threatens to create a discriminatory climate for people with HIV or AIDS and by extension people with other illnesses or a handicap,” it said in a statement.
Leonard told a news conference Friday he felt he had been misunderstood as regarding AIDS in all forms as a punishment. He said his words referred to promiscuous sex.
“It was not about AIDS from a blood transfusion or as an illness with which someone has been born,” he said.
“If someone gets lung cancer from smoking, the cancer is a sort of inherent justice. The actions, consciously done, have a result.”
He also said he was targeting “certain practices” and not HIV positive people or those with AIDS, who should not be discriminated against. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
============================
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
============================
+++
1-1
+++
- Witness's Account - [Frank Sahwit]
I was going door-to-door, selling subscriptions when I saw a man fleeing an apartment.
I thought he must be in a hurry because he left the door half-open behind him.
Thinking it strange, I looked inside the apartment.
Then I saw her lying there… A woman… not moving… dead!
I quailed in fright and found myself unable to go inside.
I thought to call the police immediately!
However, the phone in her apartment wasn't working.
I went to a nearby park and found a public phone.
I remember the time exactly: it was 1:00 PM.
The man who ran was, without a doubt, the defendant sitting right over there.
***
- The Time of Discovery - [Frank Sahwit]
You see, when I found the body, I heard the time.
There was a voice saying the time… It was probably coming from the television.
Oh, but it was three hours off, wasn't it?
I guess the victim must have been watching a video of a taped program!
That's why I thought it was 1:00 PM!
Terribly sorry about the misunderstanding. [3DS Trilogy Addition]
***
- Hearing the Time - [Frank Sahwit]
Actually, I didn't "hear" the time… I "saw" it!
There was a table clock in the apartment, wasn't there!
Yeah, the murder weapon! The killer used it to hit the victim!
That must have been what I saw.
+++
1-2
+++
- Maya Fey's Arrest - [Dick Gumshoe]
As soon as the phone call came in, I rushed to the scene!
There were two people there already:
The defendant, Ms. Maya Fey, and the lawyer, Mr. Phoenix Wright.
I immediately arrested Ms. Maya Fey!
Why? We had a witness account describing her!
The witness saw Ms. Maya Fey at the very moment of the murder!
***
- Hard Evidence - [Dick Gumshoe]
After securing the suspect, I examined the scene of the crime with my own eyes.
I found a memo written on a piece of paper next to the victim's body!
On it, the word "Maya" was written clearly in blood!
Lab test results showed that the blood was the victim's!
Also, there was blood found on the victim's finger!
Before she died, the victim wrote the killer's name!
***
- Witness's Account - [April May]
It was, like, 9:00 at night. I looked out the window, y'know!
And then, oooh! I saw a woman with long hair being attacked!
The one attacking her was the mousy girl sitting in the defendant's chair!
Then the woman, like, dodged to one side and ran away!
But that girl, she caught up to her and… and… She hit her!
***
- Witness's Account - [April May]
I did see everything! I did!
The victim – the woman – dodged the first attack and ran off to the right.
Then the girl in the hippie clothes ran after her…
And she hit her with that weapon! I saw it! I did!
That… that clock! Um… the kinda statue-y clock? "The Thinker," I think?
***
- Miss May's Room Service -
I am the head bellboy at the fine Gatewater Hotel, in business for four generations!
I believe I received a call after 8:00 in the evening from our guest, Miss May.
She asked for an ice coffee to be brought to her at 9:00, on the dot, sir.
I brought it to her at precisely the requested time, of course.
And I delivered the ice coffee to our guest Miss May, herself.
***
***
- Witness's Account - [Redd White]
Let's see, it was about 9:00, I believe.
I was quietly perusifying… er, that's "reading" to you, some papers by the window.
Then I heard a bedlam coming from outside!
Surprised, I turned to look at the building across the way.
It was then I saw him: a spiky-haired man attacking a woman with long hair!
Needless to say that man was none other than you, Mr. Lawyer.
I called Miss May over at once. She, too, was surprised of course.
The victim, she… she ran away, but you gave chase!
>> The victim ran to the left, and you gave chase!
Finally there was a terrible impaction! Then it was all over…
***
- She Ran to the "Left" - [Redd White]
Miss May's testimony was correct… as was mine!
When you assaulted the girl, she first ran to the left.
And then you hit her, savagely! That is what I saw.
Next, with the last of her strength, she ran to the right.
You chased her, and delivered the final blow.
That is what Miss May saw.
You see? You hit her twice!
***
- The Two Accounts - [Redd White]
Umm, well, see — I looked at the other window when I heard that thing fall.
>> A light stand was lying on the floor when I looked.
Then, the next moment, I saw Miss Mia run to the left!
The killer, you, attacked her… but she dodged.
She turned, and ran for the door!
Then you did her in with a single blow! Thwap!
***
- The Wiretapping - [Redd White]
It was the beginning of September… the week before the murder.
I had entered the Fey & Co. Law Offices.
Of course, I had done so to place the wiretap.
That is when I saw this glass light stand.
+++
1-3
+++
- Witness's Account - [Wendy Oldbag]
On the day of the murder, I arrived at the guard station at 1:00 PM.
Poor old Hammer and the rest had been doing a run-through there since the morning.
I, well, I had some errands to run that morning.
Anyway, it was 1:00 when I got to the guard station.
I was at the main gate from then until 5:00!
Now, the murder happened at 2:30 PM, right?
Interesting to me, because a certain man walked right by me at 2:00 PM.
It was Powers! That man right there, and he was heading toward the studio!
***
- The Man in the Photo - [Wendy Oldbag]
I never say anything I don't mean, mind you!
That morning, during the run-through of the action scene…
I saw Powers trip and fall!
He broke one of the props, it was a big mess.
Apparently, he sprained his ankle pretty bad.
Now, look at that picture! [On the 3DS Trilogy, this statement isn't available]
You can see he's dragging his leg! See? Clear as day!
That's how I knew it was Powers. Happy?
***
- Witness's Account (cont.) - [Wendy Oldbag]
The time of poor Hammer's death was 2:30 PM, true?
The only person I saw go to the studio before then was Will Powers!
No one else went there!
If they had, I would have seen them!
***
- The Other Person - [Wendy Oldbag]
Every day, after I finish my guard duties, I have one other important job to do.
I go through the photos recorded on the security computer and check them.
I throw out any photos that aren't suspicious lookin', you see.
Come to think of it, now I remember throwing out one photo that day!
***
- My Lips Were Sealed - [Wendy Oldbag]
Global Studios wanted me to keep quiet about something.
There were… some other people at the studios on the day of the murder
.
They said they had "nothing to do with it", see?
So they told me to just pretend they "hadn't been at the studios that day".
But if you're going to go accusing me, I'm not letting them get away scot free!
***
***
- The Day of the Murder - [Sal Manella]
I was at the studios from around 9:00 that morning.
During the morning, I was doing… umm… an action run-through.
It took a lot more time than I thought it would.
I hear that everyone else ate lunch in the Employee Area…
But I had a meeting in the Studio Two trailer, so I ended up skipping lunch.
We were in the meeting until around 4:00…
During the meeting, well, I'm pretty sure no one left their chairs.
***
- The Break - [Sal Manella]
Yeah, FWIW, we took a break… ROFL!
But it was only 15 minutes! 15! That's only 13 in Base 12!
Not enough time for someone to, say, commit murder in Studio One! LOL!
That's only just enough time to eat a t-bone steak, if you ask me!(steams)
***
- Witness’s Account - [Cody Hackins]
I wanted to see a Steel Samurai rehearsal, just once.
I found a map on the Internet, and went to the studios that day.
I went through the woods, off the path, so that old lady wouldn't catch me.
I was going for the studio.
I got kinda lost on the way, though. For about 30 minutes.
When I came out by the studio, there was the Steel Samurai!
It totally rocked! Right before my eyes, out came the bad guy!
Of course, the Steel Samurai took him down! Pow!
If I had my camera with me, that woulda been the time for a shot, I tell you.
Anyway, I couldn't get into the studio, so I went home. [Not on 3DS Trilogy]
***
- What I saw - [Cody Hackins]
Y-yeah, I had my camera with me.
But I was glued to the action! I couldn't take my eyes off it!
The Steel Samurai, he goes for the bad guy… wham!
Then… then the bad guy stopped moving!
He's so strong! The Steel Samurai rules!
***
- No Photo? - [Cody Hackins]
Yeah, you're right, pops.
The Steel Samurai had just escaped from the clutches of the villain.
So I held up my camera to take a picture!
But the lens wouldn't open in time, so I missed it.
Th-That's all that happened. Yup.
>> I took a few shots, but it was too late, so I erased 'em
***
***
- The Day of the Murder - [Dee Vasquez]
I entered the trailer, oh, a little before noon.
The meeting began at 12:00 sharp. It ended at 4:00.
There was to be a rehearsal afterwards, so we went to Studio One…
I was fatigued, so I had Sal take me.
At 2:30, we took a 15-minute break in the meeting.
Sal and I ate t-bone steaks on the table in front of the trailer.
We found Hammer's body later, when we all went to Studio One.
***
- After Finding the Body - [Dee Vasquez]
I was with Sal and Oldbag, the security lady, when we found the body.
The assistant was there, too. Only Powers was absent.
I immediately called the police. Then Powers showed up.
The security lady, Oldbag, was quite agitated. Pointing at Powers, saying "He did it!".
I asked to be left out of the proceedings.
I went back to the trailer to get my script and direction notes.
>> I knew that Hammer was injured and couldn't do any action scenes, so I left them behind.
Then I went home.
+++
1-4
+++
- The Arrest of Edgeworth - [Dick Gumshoe]
A man called into the station around 30 minutes after midnight.
We headed to the scene of the crime as fast as we could.
That's where we found Mr. Edgeworth.
Now I didn't suspect him of anything at all.
But… the next morning, a body was found at the lake.
>> The murder weapon we found on the boat was decisive evidence.
So we had to arrest Mr. Edgeworth.
***
- Witness's Account - [Lotta Hart]
It was Christmas Eve, just after midnight, I reckon.
I was in my car.
I heard this "bang" come up from the lake.
When I looked out the window, I saw two gents in the boat.
Then there was another "bang"…
There wasn't nary a thing on the lake but that boat.
>> I saw it as clear as day. The man on the boat was Mr. Edgeworth!
***
- How Edgeworth Was Seen - [Lotta Hart]
Yer right. It was a cold night, and the fog was thick as grits.
So, once I was finished setting up my camera, I got back in the car.
Still, I brought my binoculars with me.
>> The camera was set up to take pictures of a meteor shower.
When I heard that noise out on the lake, I looked with my binoculars.
See? No problem!
***
- Lotta's New Testimony - [Lotta Hart]
Actually, I'm not a research student at a university.
I'm an investigative photographer.
Imagine what a scoop it'd be if I got a picture of that monster!
That's why I was camping out by the lake.
But, that's all I was hiding.
When I heard the "bang" I looked right straight out at that lake.
There wasn't much else to look at, so I just watched that boat the whole time.
Then I saw a flash, near one of the men's hands, and I heard another gunshot.
I was looking right at that boat, the whole time, cross my heart and hope to fry. [Not in 3DS Trilogy]
***
***
- The Night of the Murder - [Yanni Yogi]
It was the night of the 24th, just after midnight, ayup.
I was in the restaurant… where I er… rent boats, as usual.
Then I heard a "bang!". Ayup.
When I looked out the window, I saw a boat just a' floating on the lake.
Then I heard another "bang".
Just about then the boat comes to shore, and a man walks by my window.
>> That man was the defendant… he was saying, 'I can't believe he's dead.
***
- The Night of the Murder - [Larry Butz]
That night, I was out in the boat on the lake.
I was looking for something, and I, er, found it.
So I quietly slipped the boat back in at the rental shop dock.
Then, just as I was thinking about going home, I heard this "bang"!
I looked out over the lake, but I didn't notice the boat.
So after I heard that single gunshot I went home.
***
- What Larry Heard - [Larry Butz]
It's lonely, being alone on Christmas Eve!
That's why I was listening to an all-requests show on the radio, see?
I was listening to it real booming loud, like.
But I'm sure I heard that gunshot!
I remember exactly what the DJ was saying when I heard it, too.
>> Just when she said 'Hey! it's almost Christmas!' I heard the gunshot!
***
***
- Why I Left Court - [Yanni Yogi]
Er, I'm really sorry about just leaving yesterday like I did.
But, I wasn't running away or nothing.
I, uh, went to buy some food for Polly, see…
I figured I got nothing to do with this incident anyhow.
Err… I mean, I'd need one of those "motive" things, right? And I don't got one.
So, my testimony yesterday stands as is. [Not available on 3DS Trilogy]
***
- Who Is Your Owner? - [Polly the Parrot]
"Hello! Hello!" *squawk*
"…"
***
- The DL-6 Incident - [Miles Edgeworth]
That day, I had gone to the courtroom to observe one of my father's trials.
As we went to leave, an earthquake struck, trapping us in the elevator.
My father and Mr. Yogi lost their composure, and began to argue.
Just then, something heavy fell at my feet.
I picked it up, and threw it at Mr. Yogi. I wanted them to stop fighting.
A moment later, there was a single gunshot, and then a scream.
It was a terrible scream. I remember it to this day.
That's all. [Not available on 3DS Trilogy]
+++
1-5
+++
- Witness's Account - [Angel Starr]
Somehow, I always knew a day like this would come.
I was on my way to deliver a lunchbox to my boyfriend…
When I sensed something… perhaps it was my finely-honed detective instincts working.
Then, through a wire fence, I saw the chief prosecutor standing next to a garish car.
The chief prosecutor was holding a knife in her right hand…
Then, she thrust the pointy tip of the knife into Detective Goodman's chest!
>> The murder was planned! The rubber gloves prove it!
***
- Angel's Deduction - [Angel Starr]
Lana Skye intended to murder Detective Goodman!
That's why she called the victim all the way to the Prosecutor's Office.
I'm sure the Chief Prosecutor had a grudge against the victim.
Nothing else could drive that human machine to plunge the knife in again and again…
>> Her red muffler looked like blood to me… that's how ghastly the whole scene was.
***
- Apprehending the Suspect - [Angel Starr]
After the murder, the suspect attempted to run behind a partition off to her side.
I quickly caught her, explained her rights to her, and arrested her on the spot.
Ah yes. When I arrested her, she mentioned the muffler!
>> She gave up trying to use the phone on the wall and just used her cell phone!
That's what had me confused in my earlier testimony!
The chief prosecutor made to escape, but against Angel Starr, resistance is futile!
***
- Decisive Evidence - [Angel Starr]
I should have mentioned those five minutes when I wasn't looking at the crime scene.
And now, to the matter to the victim's shoe… Did I not bring this up…?
Two types of blood were found on this shoe! One was of course the victim's.
And the other blood type... matched that of the defendant, Ms. Lana Skye!
This shoe proves it! It's flawless, decisive evidence!
***
- Department in Disorder - [Damon Gant]
This knife is special… but I can't say how here.
Unless there's evidence to prove a connection between this knife and Goodman…
>> This knife was evidence in a case. It was stolen from the Department's evidence room.
That was a bad day for the Department. We weren't in any shape to do an investigation.
A detective was killed at the Police Department, see… what a mess!
The time of the crime? 5:15. Scary coincidence, eh?
It's not officially linked to this here case, so I can't talk much about it.
>> I'll cooperate, but I can't reveal the name of the victim in the Department, okay?
***
***
- Crime Report, Sir! - [Mike Meekins]
Although it's not my normal duty, I was assigned to guard the evidence room that day!
I spotted a suspicious man on the security screen, and rushed into the room!
I was only doing what I was trained to do, sir!
I was suddenly attacked!
I fought for my life! Then I… I did it!
After that I passed out… until another officer smacked me awake!
***
- Mystery Man - [Mike Meekins]
His face can't be clearly seen in the video,
but there's no question that the other person was Detective Goodman, sir!
I mean, he opened the locker, which required Detective Goodman's fingerprint to do!
The locker he opened is unquestionably Detective Goodman's locker, sir!
So it must be him! No one else could have unlocked it!
***
- Mystery Man (2) - [Mike Meekins]
There's one other thing that proves the man was Detective Goodman, sir!
To enter the evidence room, one must use their ID card!
When an ID card is used, there's a record of it!
At the time of the crime, the detective had used his card!
***
- Day of the Crime - [Jake Marshall]
My job was to keep a wary eye on that bone orchard.
They said I was supposed to make rounds three times a day, but that ain't my style.
Besides, the room's protected by two security systems, anyway.
If I remember right, I was at a street-side saloon at the time it went down.
I'm just an innocent travelin' man, so if you're out of ammo it's time I hit the trail.
***
- Bloodstained Fingerprints - [Jake Marshall]
Like I said, it's only natural for my fingerprints to be in that evidence room.
One of them just happened to be at the same place as the bloodstained handprint.
The murderer touched the locker where my fingerprint was by chance.
The bloodstain and fingerprint are completely unrelated.
Or didn't you know the murderer was wearing gloves?
>> Too bad it wasn't me in that video, right, pardner?
***
- Marshall's Confession - [Jake Marshall]
I had to do it that day. I couldn't just stand by and let it die.
I stole the detective's ID, dressed like him. I planned to take out the evidence.
I wasn't expecting Officer Meekins. I knocked him out…
and managed to escape. I knew which areas wouldn't be caught on the camera.
There wasn't any murder in the evidence room at 5:15.
>> I can't just forget the SL-9 Incident… You know why?
***
***
- Two Years Ago - [Ema Skye]
I was waiting in my sister's office that day.
A man came running in, and took me hostage.
Neil Marshall rescued me,
but I'll never forget what I saw that instant!
>> I drew a picture of that scene once… but it seems to have been lost.
The man raised up his knife, and… and stabbed Mr. Marshall in the chest…!
***
- Ema's Picture - [Ema Skye]
This is the picture I drew two years ago.
The flash of lightning was so bright all I could see were shadows.
After that I must have fainted.
This picture shows exactly what I saw that instant!
***
- Ema's Recollection - [Ema Skye]
When I saw that man raise his knife…
I panicked, and rushed toward both of them.
I think I… I knocked away the man with the knife.
Just then there was another flash of lightning, and that's when I saw… the Blue Badger!
He wasn't in the room, but I'm sure I saw his shadow!
***
- SL-9 Incident - [Damon Gant]
As I recall, Neil and I were questioning him that day.
To make a long story short, we slipped up. That power outage didn't help either.
When I went to my office, I found Lana there.
Apparently she had already… "arranged" the crime scene.
As you can see, I had nothing to do with the "forgery".
***
- Evidence & Forgery - [Damon Gant]
For all I know, you could have planted them in my office.
Anyway, you can't prove "when" those pieces of evidence were discovered.
If they were found after Darke was convicted, then they're worthless.
There's no reason I'd participate in a forgery.
Rearranging the crime scene wouldn't help me out in any way.
>> I wouldn't be anyone's 'accomplice' if there was nothing in it for me
***
- Gant & The Fabrication - [Lana Skye]
I worked alongside Gant for years…
There's no truth to this "blackmail" theory.
I fabricated the evidence two years ago all by myself.
When I found Prosecutor Marshall's body, I rearranged the crime scene.
>> I broke off the tip of Darke's knife, planted it inside the wound, then moved the body.
>> The pieces of the jar that shattered during the events threatened my plan.
My only motivation was to get Darke convicted. It had nothing to do with Ema.
***
- Jar & Message in Blood - [Lana Skye]
I immediately noticed the blood traces on the jar,
but it was dark in the room and I didn't have time to check it out.
To be safe, I wiped away the blood.
The fragments were large, so I'm sure I got them all.
All I could think about was wiping them clean before they were discovered.
***
- Actual Crime Scene - [Lana Skye] // Was not cross examined. Courtesy of Damon Gant
When I arrived, I found Mr. Marshall's body impaled on that suit of armor's sword.
Ema and Darke were lying unconscious on the floor nearby.
When I saw what happened, I thought she… did it.
That's why I erased all the evidence that linked her to the murder.
I had Chief Gant help me remove the body from the sword and carry it…
But if it was all really was a fabrication, Ema might be innocent! | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
# THE GUN
## * * *
## PHILIP K. DICK
#
## *
_The Gun_
First published in 1952
ISBN 978-1-775419-53-2
© 2011 The Floating Press and its licensors. All rights reserved.
_While every effort has been used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information contained in The Floating Press edition of this book, The Floating Press does not assume liability or responsibility for any errors or omissions in this book. The Floating Press does not accept responsibility for loss suffered as a result of reliance upon the accuracy or currency of information contained in this book. Do not use while operating a motor vehicle or heavy equipment. Many suitcases look alike._
_Visitwww.thefloatingpress.com_
# The Gun
## *
_Nothing moved or stirred. Everything was silent, dead. Only the gun showed signs of life ... and the trespassers had wrecked that for all time. The return journey to pick up the treasure would be a cinch ... they smiled._
### *
The Captain peered into the eyepiece of the telescope. He adjusted the focus quickly.
"It was an atomic fission we saw, all right," he said presently. He sighed and pushed the eyepiece away. "Any of you who wants to look may do so. But it's not a pretty sight."
"Let me look," Tance the archeologist said. He bent down to look, squinting. "Good Lord!" He leaped violently back, knocking against Dorle, the Chief Navigator.
"Why did we come all this way, then?" Dorle asked, looking around at the other men. "There's no point even in landing. Let's go back at once."
"Perhaps he's right," the biologist murmured. "But I'd like to look for myself, if I may." He pushed past Tance and peered into the sight.
He saw a vast expanse, an endless surface of gray, stretching to the edge of the planet. At first he thought it was water but after a moment he realized that it was slag, pitted, fused slag, broken only by hills of rock jutting up at intervals. Nothing moved or stirred. Everything was silent, dead.
"I see," Fomar said, backing away from the eyepiece. "Well, I won't find any legumes there." He tried to smile, but his lips stayed unmoved. He stepped away and stood by himself, staring past the others.
"I wonder what the atmospheric sample will show," Tance said.
"I think I can guess," the Captain answered. "Most of the atmosphere is poisoned. But didn't we expect all this? I don't see why we're so surprised. A fission visible as far away as our system must be a terrible thing."
He strode off down the corridor, dignified and expressionless. They watched him disappear into the control room.
As the Captain closed the door the young woman turned. "What did the telescope show? Good or bad?"
"Bad. No life could possibly exist. Atmosphere poisoned, water vaporized, all the land fused."
"Could they have gone underground?"
The Captain slid back the port window so that the surface of the planet under them was visible. The two of them stared down, silent and disturbed. Mile after mile of unbroken ruin stretched out, blackened slag, pitted and scarred, and occasional heaps of rock.
Suddenly Nasha jumped. "Look! Over there, at the edge. Do you see it?"
They stared. Something rose up, not rock, not an accidental formation. It was round, a circle of dots, white pellets on the dead skin of the planet. A city? Buildings of some kind?
"Please turn the ship," Nasha said excitedly. She pushed her dark hair from her face. "Turn the ship and let's see what it is!"
The ship turned, changing its course. As they came over the white dots the Captain lowered the ship, dropping it down as much as he dared. "Piers," he said. "Piers of some sort of stone. Perhaps poured artificial stone. The remains of a city."
"Oh, dear," Nasha murmured. "How awful." She watched the ruins disappear behind them. In a half-circle the white squares jutted from the slag, chipped and cracked, like broken teeth.
"There's nothing alive," the Captain said at last. "I think we'll go right back; I know most of the crew want to. Get the Government Receiving Station on the sender and tell them what we found, and that we—"
### *
He staggered.
The first atomic shell had struck the ship, spinning it around. The Captain fell to the floor, crashing into the control table. Papers and instruments rained down on him. As he started to his feet the second shell struck. The ceiling cracked open, struts and girders twisted and bent. The ship shuddered, falling suddenly down, then righting itself as automatic controls took over.
The Captain lay on the floor by the smashed control board. In the corner Nasha struggled to free herself from the debris.
Outside the men were already sealing the gaping leaks in the side of the ship, through which the precious air was rushing, dissipating into the void beyond. "Help me!" Dorle was shouting. "Fire over here, wiring ignited." Two men came running. Tance watched helplessly, his eyeglasses broken and bent.
"So there is life here, after all," he said, half to himself. "But how could—"
"Give us a hand," Fomar said, hurrying past. "Give us a hand, we've got to land the ship!"
It was night. A few stars glinted above them, winking through the drifting silt that blew across the surface of the planet.
Dorle peered out, frowning. "What a place to be stuck in." He resumed his work, hammering the bent metal hull of the ship back into place. He was wearing a pressure suit; there were still many small leaks, and radioactive particles from the atmosphere had already found their way into the ship.
Nasha and Fomar were sitting at the table in the control room, pale and solemn, studying the inventory lists.
"Low on carbohydrates," Fomar said. "We can break down the stored fats if we want to, but—"
"I wonder if we could find anything outside." Nasha went to the window. "How uninviting it looks." She paced back and forth, very slender and small, her face dark with fatigue. "What do you suppose an exploring party would find?"
Fomar shrugged. "Not much. Maybe a few weeds growing in cracks here and there. Nothing we could use. Anything that would adapt to this environment would be toxic, lethal."
Nasha paused, rubbing her cheek. There was a deep scratch there, still red and swollen. "Then how do you explain— _it_? According to your theory the inhabitants must have died in their skins, fried like yams. But who fired on us? Somebody detected us, made a decision, aimed a gun."
"And gauged distance," the Captain said feebly from the cot in the corner. He turned toward them. "That's the part that worries me. The first shell put us out of commission, the second almost destroyed us. They were well aimed, perfectly aimed. We're not such an easy target."
"True." Fomar nodded. "Well, perhaps we'll know the answer before we leave here. What a strange situation! All our reasoning tells us that no life could exist; the whole planet burned dry, the atmosphere itself gone, completely poisoned."
"The gun that fired the projectiles survived," Nasha said. "Why not people?"
"It's not the same. Metal doesn't need air to breathe. Metal doesn't get leukemia from radioactive particles. Metal doesn't need food and water."
There was silence.
"A paradox," Nasha said. "Anyhow, in the morning I think we should send out a search party. And meanwhile we should keep on trying to get the ship in condition for the trip back."
"It'll be days before we can take off," Fomar said. "We should keep every man working here. We can't afford to send out a party."
Nasha smiled a little. "We'll send you in the first party. Maybe you can discover—what was it you were so interested in?"
"Legumes. Edible legumes."
"Maybe you can find some of them. Only—"
"Only what?"
"Only watch out. They fired on us once without even knowing who we were or what we came for. Do you suppose that they fought with each other? Perhaps they couldn't imagine anyone being friendly, under any circumstances. What a strange evolutionary trait, inter-species warfare. Fighting within the race!"
"We'll know in the morning," Fomar said. "Let's get some sleep."
### *
The sun came up chill and austere. The three people, two men and a woman, stepped through the port, dropping down on the hard ground below.
"What a day," Dorle said grumpily. "I said how glad I'd be to walk on firm ground again, but—"
"Come on," Nasha said. "Up beside me. I want to say something to you. Will you excuse us, Tance?"
Tance nodded gloomily. Dorle caught up with Nasha. They walked together, their metal shoes crunching the ground underfoot. Nasha glanced at him.
"Listen. The Captain is dying. No one knows except the two of us. By the end of the day-period of this planet he'll be dead. The shock did something to his heart. He was almost sixty, you know."
Dorle nodded. "That's bad. I have a great deal of respect for him. You will be captain in his place, of course. Since you're vice-captain now—"
"No. I prefer to see someone else lead, perhaps you or Fomar. I've been thinking over the situation and it seems to me that I should declare myself mated to one of you, whichever of you wants to be captain. Then I could devolve the responsibility."
"Well, I don't want to be captain. Let Fomar do it."
Nasha studied him, tall and blond, striding along beside her in his pressure suit. "I'm rather partial to you," she said. "We might try it for a time, at least. But do as you like. Look, we're coming to something."
They stopped walking, letting Tance catch up. In front of them was some sort of a ruined building. Dorle stared around thoughtfully.
"Do you see? This whole place is a natural bowl, a huge valley. See how the rock formations rise up on all sides, protecting the floor. Maybe some of the great blast was deflected here."
They wandered around the ruins, picking up rocks and fragments. "I think this was a farm," Tance said, examining a piece of wood. "This was part of a tower windmill."
"Really?" Nasha took the stick and turned it over. "Interesting. But let's go; we don't have much time."
"Look," Dorle said suddenly. "Off there, a long way off. Isn't that something?" He pointed.
Nasha sucked in her breath. "The white stones."
"What?"
Nasha looked up at Dorle. "The white stones, the great broken teeth. We saw them, the Captain and I, from the control room." She touched Dorle's arm gently. "That's where they fired from. I didn't think we had landed so close."
"What is it?" Tance said, coming up to them. "I'm almost blind without my glasses. What do you see?"
"The city. Where they fired from."
"Oh." All three of them stood together. "Well, let's go," Tance said. "There's no telling what we'll find there." Dorle frowned at him.
"Wait. We don't know what we would be getting into. They must have patrols. They probably have seen us already, for that matter."
"They probably have seen the ship itself," Tance said. "They probably know right now where they can find it, where they can blow it up. So what difference does it make whether we go closer or not?"
"That's true," Nasha said. "If they really want to get us we haven't a chance. We have no armaments at all; you know that."
"I have a hand weapon." Dorle nodded. "Well, let's go on, then. I suppose you're right, Tance."
"But let's stay together," Tance said nervously. "Nasha, you're going too fast."
Nasha looked back. She laughed. "If we expect to get there by nightfall we must go fast."
### *
They reached the outskirts of the city at about the middle of the afternoon. The sun, cold and yellow, hung above them in the colorless sky. Dorle stopped at the top of a ridge overlooking the city.
"Well, there it is. What's left of it."
There was not much left. The huge concrete piers which they had noticed were not piers at all, but the ruined foundations of buildings. They had been baked by the searing heat, baked and charred almost to the ground. Nothing else remained, only this irregular circle of white squares, perhaps four miles in diameter.
Dorle spat in disgust. "More wasted time. A dead skeleton of a city, that's all."
"But it was from here that the firing came," Tance murmured. "Don't forget that."
"And by someone with a good eye and a great deal of experience," Nasha added. "Let's go."
They walked into the city between the ruined buildings. No one spoke. They walked in silence, listening to the echo of their footsteps.
"It's macabre," Dorle muttered. "I've seen ruined cities before but they died of old age, old age and fatigue. This was killed, seared to death. This city didn't die—it was murdered."
"I wonder what the city was called," Nasha said. She turned aside, going up the remains of a stairway from one of the foundations. "Do you think we might find a signpost? Some kind of plaque?"
She peered into the ruins.
"There's nothing there," Dorle said impatiently. "Come on."
"Wait." Nasha bent down, touching a concrete stone. "There's something inscribed on this."
"What is it?" Tance hurried up. He squatted in the dust, running his gloved fingers over the surface of the stone. "Letters, all right." He took a writing stick from the pocket of his pressure suit and copied the inscription on a bit of paper. Dorle glanced over his shoulder. The inscription was:
FRANKLIN APARTMENTS
"That's this city," Nasha said softly. "That was its name."
Tance put the paper in his pocket and they went on. After a time Dorle said, "Nasha, you know, I think we're being watched. But don't look around."
The woman stiffened. "Oh? Why do you say that? Did you see something?"
"No. I can feel it, though. Don't you?"
Nasha smiled a little. "I feel nothing, but perhaps I'm more used to being stared at." She turned her head slightly. "Oh!"
Dorle reached for his hand weapon. "What is it? What do you see?" Tance had stopped dead in his tracks, his mouth half open.
"The gun," Nasha said. "It's the gun."
"Look at the size of it. The size of the thing." Dorle unfastened his hand weapon slowly. "That's it, all right."
The gun was huge. Stark and immense it pointed up at the sky, a mass of steel and glass, set in a huge slab of concrete. Even as they watched the gun moved on its swivel base, whirring underneath. A slim vane turned with the wind, a network of rods atop a high pole.
"It's alive," Nasha whispered. "It's listening to us, watching us."
The gun moved again, this time clockwise. It was mounted so that it could make a full circle. The barrel lowered a trifle, then resumed its original position.
"But who fires it?" Tance said.
Dorle laughed. "No one. No one fires it."
They stared at him. "What do you mean?"
"It fires itself."
They couldn't believe him. Nasha came close to him, frowning, looking up at him. "I don't understand. What do you mean, it fires itself?"
"Watch, I'll show you. Don't move." Dorle picked up a rock from the ground. He hesitated a moment and then tossed the rock high in the air. The rock passed in front of the gun. Instantly the great barrel moved, the vanes contracted.
### *
The rock fell to the ground. The gun paused, then resumed its calm swivel, its slow circling.
"You see," Dorle said, "it noticed the rock, as soon as I threw it up in the air. It's alert to anything that flies or moves above the ground level. Probably it detected us as soon as we entered the gravitational field of the planet. It probably had a bead on us from the start. We don't have a chance. It knows all about the ship. It's just waiting for us to take off again."
"I understand about the rock," Nasha said, nodding. "The gun noticed it, but not us, since we're on the ground, not above. It's only designed to combat objects in the sky. The ship is safe until it takes off again, then the end will come."
"But what's this gun for?" Tance put in. "There's no one alive here. Everyone is dead."
"It's a machine," Dorle said. "A machine that was made to do a job. And it's doing the job. How it survived the blast I don't know. On it goes, waiting for the enemy. Probably they came by air in some sort of projectiles."
"The enemy," Nasha said. "Their own race. It is hard to believe that they really bombed themselves, fired at themselves."
"Well, it's over with. Except right here, where we're standing. This one gun, still alert, ready to kill. It'll go on until it wears out."
"And by that time we'll be dead," Nasha said bitterly.
"There must have been hundreds of guns like this," Dorle murmured. "They must have been used to the sight, guns, weapons, uniforms. Probably they accepted it as a natural thing, part of their lives, like eating and sleeping. An institution, like the church and the state. Men trained to fight, to lead armies, a regular profession. Honored, respected."
Tance was walking slowly toward the gun, peering nearsightedly up at it. "Quite complex, isn't it? All those vanes and tubes. I suppose this is some sort of a telescopic sight." His gloved hand touched the end of a long tube.
Instantly the gun shifted, the barrel retracting. It swung—
"Don't move!" Dorle cried. The barrel swung past them as they stood, rigid and still. For one terrible moment it hesitated over their heads, clicking and whirring, settling into position. Then the sounds died out and the gun became silent.
Tance smiled foolishly inside his helmet. "I must have put my finger over the lens. I'll be more careful." He made his way up onto the circular slab, stepping gingerly behind the body of the gun. He disappeared from view.
"Where did he go?" Nasha said irritably. "He'll get us all killed."
"Tance, come back!" Dorle shouted. "What's the matter with you?"
"In a minute." There was a long silence. At last the archeologist appeared. "I think I've found something. Come up and I'll show you."
"What is it?"
"Dorle, you said the gun was here to keep the enemy off. I think I know why they wanted to keep the enemy off."
They were puzzled.
"I think I've found what the gun is supposed to guard. Come and give me a hand."
"All right," Dorle said abruptly. "Let's go." He seized Nasha's hand. "Come on. Let's see what he's found. I thought something like this might happen when I saw that the gun was—"
"Like what?" Nasha pulled her hand away. "What are you talking about? You act as if you knew what he's found."
"I do." Dorle smiled down at her. "Do you remember the legend that all races have, the myth of the buried treasure, and the dragon, the serpent that watches it, guards it, keeping everyone away?"
She nodded. "Well?"
Dorle pointed up at the gun.
"That," he said, "is the dragon. Come on."
### *
Between the three of them they managed to pull up the steel cover and lay it to one side. Dorle was wet with perspiration when they finished.
"It isn't worth it," he grunted. He stared into the dark yawning hole. "Or is it?"
Nasha clicked on her hand lamp, shining the beam down the stairs. The steps were thick with dust and rubble. At the bottom was a steel door.
"Come on," Tance said excitedly. He started down the stairs. They watched him reach the door and pull hopefully on it without success. "Give a hand!"
"All right." They came gingerly after him. Dorle examined the door. It was bolted shut, locked. There was an inscription on the door but he could not read it.
"Now what?" Nasha said.
Dorle took out his hand weapon. "Stand back. I can't think of any other way." He pressed the switch. The bottom of the door glowed red. Presently it began to crumble. Dorle clicked the weapon off. "I think we can get through. Let's try."
The door came apart easily. In a few minutes they had carried it away in pieces and stacked the pieces on the first step. Then they went on, flashing the light ahead of them.
They were in a vault. Dust lay everywhere, on everything, inches thick. Wood crates lined the walls, huge boxes and crates, packages and containers. Tance looked around curiously, his eyes bright.
"What exactly are all these?" he murmured. "Something valuable, I would think." He picked up a round drum and opened it. A spool fell to the floor, unwinding a black ribbon. He examined it, holding it up to the light.
"Look at this!"
They came around him. "Pictures," Nasha said. "Tiny pictures."
"Records of some kind." Tance closed the spool up in the drum again. "Look, hundreds of drums." He flashed the light around. "And those crates. Let's open one."
Dorle was already prying at the wood. The wood had turned brittle and dry. He managed to pull a section away.
It was a picture. A boy in a blue garment, smiling pleasantly, staring ahead, young and handsome. He seemed almost alive, ready to move toward them in the light of the hand lamp. It was one of them, one of the ruined race, the race that had perished.
For a long time they stared at the picture. At last Dorle replaced the board.
"All these other crates," Nasha said. "More pictures. And these drums. What are in the boxes?"
"This is their treasure," Tance said, almost to himself. "Here are their pictures, their records. Probably all their literature is here, their stories, their myths, their ideas about the universe."
"And their history," Nasha said. "We'll be able to trace their development and find out what it was that made them become what they were."
Dorle was wandering around the vault. "Odd," he murmured. "Even at the end, even after they had begun to fight they still knew, someplace down inside them, that their real treasure was this, their books and pictures, their myths. Even after their big cities and buildings and industries were destroyed they probably hoped to come back and find this. After everything else was gone."
"When we get back home we can agitate for a mission to come here," Tance said. "All this can be loaded up and taken back. We'll be leaving about—"
He stopped.
"Yes," Dorle said dryly. "We'll be leaving about three day-periods from now. We'll fix the ship, then take off. Soon we'll be home, that is, if nothing happens. Like being shot down by that—"
"Oh, stop it!" Nasha said impatiently. "Leave him alone. He's right: all this must be taken back home, sooner or later. We'll have to solve the problem of the gun. We have no choice."
Dorle nodded. "What's your solution, then? As soon as we leave the ground we'll be shot down." His face twisted bitterly. "They've guarded their treasure too well. Instead of being preserved it will lie here until it rots. It serves them right."
"How?"
"Don't you see? This was the only way they knew, building a gun and setting it up to shoot anything that came along. They were so certain that everything was hostile, the enemy, coming to take their possessions away from them. Well, they can keep them."
Nasha was deep in thought, her mind far away. Suddenly she gasped. "Dorle," she said. "What's the matter with us? We have no problem. The gun is no menace at all."
The two men stared at her.
"No menace?" Dorle said. "It's already shot us down once. And as soon as we take off again—"
"Don't you see?" Nasha began to laugh. "The poor foolish gun, it's completely harmless. Even I could deal with it alone."
"You?"
Her eyes were flashing. "With a crowbar. With a hammer or a stick of wood. Let's go back to the ship and load up. Of course we're at its mercy in the air: that's the way it was made. It can fire into the sky, shoot down anything that flies. But that's all! Against something on the ground it has no defenses. Isn't that right?"
Dorle nodded slowly. "The soft underbelly of the dragon. In the legend, the dragon's armor doesn't cover its stomach." He began to laugh. "That's right. That's perfectly right."
"Let's go, then," Nasha said. "Let's get back to the ship. We have work to do here."
### *
It was early the next morning when they reached the ship. During the night the Captain had died, and the crew had ignited his body, according to custom. They had stood solemnly around it until the last ember died. As they were going back to their work the woman and the two men appeared, dirty and tired, still excited.
And presently, from the ship, a line of people came, each carrying something in his hands. The line marched across the gray slag, the eternal expanse of fused metal. When they reached the weapon they all fell on the gun at once, with crowbars, hammers, anything that was heavy and hard.
The telescopic sights shattered into bits. The wiring was pulled out, torn to shreds. The delicate gears were smashed, dented.
Finally the warheads themselves were carried off and the firing pins removed.
The gun was smashed, the great weapon destroyed. The people went down into the vault and examined the treasure. With its metal-armored guardian dead there was no danger any longer. They studied the pictures, the films, the crates of books, the jeweled crowns, the cups, the statues.
At last, as the sun was dipping into the gray mists that drifted across the planet they came back up the stairs again. For a moment they stood around the wrecked gun looking at the unmoving outline of it.
Then they started back to the ship. There was still much work to be done. The ship had been badly hurt, much had been damaged and lost. The important thing was to repair it as quickly as possible, to get it into the air.
With all of them working together it took just five more days to make it spaceworthy.
### *
Nasha stood in the control room, watching the planet fall away behind them. She folded her arms, sitting down on the edge of the table.
"What are you thinking?" Dorle said.
"I? Nothing."
"Are you sure?"
"I was thinking that there must have been a time when this planet was quite different, when there was life on it."
"I suppose there was. It's unfortunate that no ships from our system came this far, but then we had no reason to suspect intelligent life until we saw the fission glow in the sky."
"And then it was too late."
"Not quite too late. After all, their possessions, their music, books, their pictures, all of that will survive. We'll take them home and study them, and they'll change us. We won't be the same afterwards. Their sculpturing, especially. Did you see the one of the great winged creature, without a head or arms? Broken off, I suppose. But those wings— It looked very old. It will change us a great deal."
"When we come back we won't find the gun waiting for us," Nasha said. "Next time it won't be there to shoot us down. We can land and take the treasure, as you call it." She smiled up at Dorle. "You'll lead us back there, as a good captain should."
"Captain?" Dorle grinned. "Then you've decided."
Nasha shrugged. "Fomar argues with me too much. I think, all in all, I really prefer you."
"Then let's go," Dorle said. "Let's go back home."
The ship roared up, flying over the ruins of the city. It turned in a huge arc and then shot off beyond the horizon, heading into outer space.
### *
Down below, in the center of the ruined city, a single half-broken detector vane moved slightly, catching the roar of the ship. The base of the great gun throbbed painfully, straining to turn. After a moment a red warning light flashed on down inside its destroyed works.
And a long way off, a hundred miles from the city, another warning light flashed on, far underground. Automatic relays flew into action. Gears turned, belts whined. On the ground above a section of metal slag slipped back. A ramp appeared.
A moment later a small cart rushed to the surface.
The cart turned toward the city. A second cart appeared behind it. It was loaded with wiring cables. Behind it a third cart came, loaded with telescopic tube sights. And behind came more carts, some with relays, some with firing controls, some with tools and parts, screws and bolts, pins and nuts. The final one contained atomic warheads.
The carts lined up behind the first one, the lead cart. The lead cart started off, across the frozen ground, bumping calmly along, followed by the others. Moving toward the city.
To the damaged gun.
## * * *
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Books3 |
Pages
Monday, May 31, 2010
Karlene Browning over at Inksplasher is sponsoring a super cool contest with lots of great prizes as she takes a virtual road trip to Forks, Washington to countdown to the premiere of Eclipse. I'm sponsoring one of the days so be sure to check back here tomorrow to answer my question. (It'll be easy, especially if you've followed my blog).
Friday, May 28, 2010
Didn't I promise you a big, awesome summer contest? Now didn't I??? Here it is!
Welcome to our second annual “Summer Treasure Hunt: Dig for Clues and Win” Contest! Last year, some author friends and I put together a month long contest where we gave away a prize a day for the entire month of June. The contest was so successful that my friends and I have decided to do it again…only this time we’ve gathered together enough prizes to last through the first week of July! Again, we have something for everyone: romance, fantasy, mystery, suspense, historicals, contemporaries, young adult and middle grade fiction; children’s picture books; and a variety of non-fiction titles. We also have some exciting non-book prizes: a hand crocheted book tote and cell phone case; a book/jewelry combo; a Mary Kay cosmetic assortment; a The Lion, the Witch, and The Wardrobe DVD; and (you aspiring writers won’t want to miss this one!) a free edit/critique for the first 50 pages of an unpublished novel by a three-time published author!
How can you enter to win one of these awesome prizes? Just follow the rules below!
SUMMER TREASURE HUNT RULES:
You can send in an entry for each day’s prize, or only for those prizes that strike your fancy. The rules are simple:
(1) Go to the website or blog indicated for each day, find the answer to the question for that day, then email the answer with your name and AND MAILING ADDRESS to jdipastena@yahoo.com. I promise you will not wind up on any mailing lists. This is only to facilitate the receipt of your prize. All entries will be deleted at the end of the contest.
(2) Please send a separate entry for each day and type the day you are entering in the subject line. (Such as: Summer Treasure Hunt, June 1; Summer Treasure Hunt, June 2, etc).
(3) Deadline for each day: Midnight PST
(4) The winner will be contacted and announced on the day following the deadline.
All winners will be “drawn” by WWW.RANDOM.ORG.
You do not have to wait until the designated day to enter. You can start sending in your entries right now, or begin entering at any point along the way. And check back here each day between June 2nd-July 9th to read the names of the winners.
If you have any questions, feel free to email Joyce DiPastena at jdipastena@yahoo.com.
And now…let the treasure hunt begin!
June 1
SPONSOR: Donna Hatch
PRIZE: Queen in Exile, (fantasy romance), autographed by author
QUESTION: The princess must rely upon her magic to save whom? (Hint: Look under “Bookshelf” tab)
OPEN TO INTERNATIONAL ENTRIESWINNER: Amber Nielson of VermontANSWER: Herself and her people from tyranny and death.
June 2
SPONSOR: Laurie Lewis
PRIZE: Awakening Avery (women's fiction), autographed copy
QUESTION: Avery's signal that she isn't handling her husband's death very well comes to her when she tosses what into what? (Hint: Look under “books &reviews, then click on the cover to Awakening Avery and read the first chapter)
PRIZE: Some Secrets Hurt (picturebook), autographed copy, plus a handmade cuddling blanket. This picture book is for all ages. It is simple enough to be understood by a very young child, meaningful enough to appeal to teenagers, informative enough to be helpful to parents, and powerful enough to reach out to a wounded adult.
QUESTION: The only thing worse than finding out that your child is being sexually abused is ____ ____ ____? (Hint: Listen to 5 minute KSL TV interview on the right side of the website or dowload the free Parents’ Guide)
PRIZE: (New/Sealed) The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe (Widescreen DVD)
QUESTION: In Danielle Thorne's novel, Turtle Soup, what is the name of the marine biologist who inspires Sara Hart to name her deli Turtle Soup? (Hint: read the blurb for Turtle Soup on Danielle’s website homepage)
QUESTION: What was Melinda doing when she first met Gilbert and why did he act flustered and then abruptly turn and briskly stride away? (Hint:. Click on “Sample Chapters” tab, then on the book title for Melinda and the Wild West to read a sample chapter.)
QUESTION: A legendary LDS author of over 30 books for teens called Taken by Storm, "An amazing story written with a clear, refreshing and creative voice." Who was it? (Hint: check “Taken By Storm” tab)
QUESTION: What is the name of the angel who needs a vacation in my recent pamphlet, “Could You Be an Angel Today? (Hint: Play the book trailer for “Could You Be an Angel Today” on Christine’s home page)
QUESTION: There is a picture of Cindy holding two dragons on her website, http://www.cindyrwilliams.com/ The names of the dragons are in the caption below the picture. What are their names? (Hint: Look on the “Book” page)
Thursday, May 27, 2010
I'm chatting with Laurie Lewis, author of Awakening Avery today. Readers may know her best as L.C. Lewis, the author of the historical fiction series Free Men and Dreamers. Laurie, why did you switch genres and write Awakening Avery? It’s not historical is it?
Our lead character is an LDS author/wife and mother who gets catapulted from her comfortable support role in the family to the lead after the untimely death of her wonderful husband. Although her husband, Paul, had been slowing fading for a long time, Avery had closed her eyes to the toll his illness and death had taken on her and her family. Her oldest son tells her he needs to get away to deal with his grief, and she is forced to face some hard truths—things are falling apart in her once perfect family, and instead of preparing for the eventuality of Paul’s death, she has been shriveling away. Avery needs to step up and take action, a daring thing that requires her to grow and stretch in ways she never imagined.
So is this story primarily about handling grief?
The Thompson family’s grief is the vehicle we use to address the major theme of the book, which is family vigilance. Their grief opens cracks in their spiritual veneer that weakens them, and makes them vulnerable, but hopefully readers will recognize that all of our families are vulnerable if we lower our vigilance for whatever reason. But another lesson from the book is the power available to us as we draw upon our families and friends for strength. The book is very hopeful.
The themes are serious, but you call Awakening Avery a chuckle-out-loud and grab-a-hankie read. Why?
Avery is grieving, but she goes through a summer of self-discovery where she opens her narrow world up to receive a host of quirky new friends. They all have life experience and strength she can draw from, and she discovers she has a few things to teach them as well. So it’s not a sad book. Parts are very tender—happy tender and sad tender— and parts are a riot. We’ve got some fun, crazy characters in here.
Like Teddie and Rider Davis? They’re hilarious!
Yeah, I love them! They remind me of kids playing dress-up, but they have already been through the fire, and under all their designer duds, they are people of great substance. They have been tested in the crucible of faith, and they are stronger because of it.
And George? I hear the dedication of Awakening Avery is also very personal to you.
It is. It reads, “To my father, Allen K. Chilcoat, the chef behind the magic of slumgolian and peanut-butter balls; and to my mother, Bernice, who kept us alive despite his kitchen exploits.”
Of all the books I’ve written, or that I will ever write, this one probably best reflects my childhood memories of my father. He is the model for George because when Dad went into the kitchen to cook we knew it was going to be an adventure.
So Slumgolian is a real dish? You actually ate it?
Oh yes! I think the recipe had its beginnings in Iceland where my father was stationed for a time. The men threw whatever they had into a pot and called it Slumgolian. One evening when we were camping, after a long day of crabbing in the Chesapeake Bay, my dad offered to make dinner. Mom was horrified at what was being thrown together—baked beans, chicken noodle soup, corn, peas, you name it—but Dad insisted we’d love it. It looked dreadful, but Dad’s presentation and sales pitch transformed it from slop to Slumgolian, a very exotic foreign dish.And the Kool-Aid pancakes and Peanut Butter Balls?
Yeah, they were all my dad’s recipes.
Avery is an author. Was that meant to be another biographical element?
No . . . I needed Avery to have a career that made her mobile enough to take this journey, and to provide her with a tool with which she could measure her personal growth. Writing her as an author fit that bill, and I already understood that industry. For Avery, her writing and the writings of another author—Axel Hunter—provide an outlet for expression . . . of her grief, her fears, her hopes. I think we all need an outlet. Hopefully one of our outlets is good friends.
Axel Hunter figures critically in this book.
Neither Avery nor Gabriel sees any personal life for themselves after their spouses die. Axel’s books open their eyes and hearts to possibilities they had shut out. As a writer, I’d love to think my books made a difference like that in anyone’s life.
That’s powerful, but there is also great power in humor. I love the story of the Carson sisters and the pink flamingo rug!
That was the most fun scene to write! I hope to begin a new pink flamingo trend in home décor!
The Thompsons are LDS but the Carsons are not. That becomes a major theme in the book as well.
Awakening Avery explores the additional tensions that arise in a marriage when religious differences exist, and the devastating consequences that occur when partners allow that to build a wedge in their family. The absolute essential nature of strong families is the underlying theme of Awakening Avery.
So what other projects are you working on?
I’m still promoting my Free Men and Dreamers series. Volume three, Dawn’s Early Light, debuted in December, and I’m hoping we’ll see book four on the shelves by late summer.
Thanks for the interview, Laurie. Awakening Avery sounds like a great gift for mothers and wives.
Reviews. . .
Readers will love the journey that Avery takes them on and will find themselves transformed in the process. —Martha Adams
“Teddie and Rider are most delightful, and they immediately find a place in Avery's heart and in the reader's heart as well.”
“I had to chuckle out loud.”
“A very . . . compelling read.”
“[This] author has a definite knack for making her characters' voices distinct.”
Tuesday, May 25, 2010
Cedar Fort accepted my manuscript, The Upside of Down, a few weeks ago. Last week an editor asked me to cut it by 6500 words. Ugh!
I've worked really hard to create a fuller, more-developed story. I actually added 20,000 words before I submitted it in hopes of making it feel more realistic and give readers a more enjoyable reading experience. And now I have to cut it. I feel like I'm cutting off fingers.
So far, I've cut 1300 words, but I've got a long way to go to make the 6500 request. I have to say, it's painful. I'm sure it will make it a better, tighter story, but it's agony at this point.
I don't want to cut any of the characters or storylines because I've created characters and storylines that intertwine and support each other within the framework of the story. Each character has a specific purpose as does each storyline.
Did I say this was painful? I guess I'm going to have to ax some scenes . . .
Saturday, May 22, 2010
My husband is in Denver. He left yesterday morning at 4:00 and will get home tonight around midnight. He's serving as a delegate for our district here in Colorado and he's attending the state assembly to vote on those who will be placed on the primary ballot.
I accompanied him to the county and district assemblies (I couldn't go to Denver because my son had his last soccer game today and my older kids attended a temple trip in Utah so I needed to stay home). It's been interesting to see this process. It does take time and effort, but I'm glad he could be involved in the process of nominating candidates for the primary election in CO.
I'm worried about the current state of our country. It seems that our Constitution is at risk. Freedom of speech is under attack now that the government wants to regulate what is said on the internet, specifically in blogs. When did we lose our freedom to express our opinions? Isn't that what makes our country great--the freedom to disagree? I may not agree with others' opinions, but I will fight for their right, and mine, to express those opinions.
I am proud to be an American. I am proud to voice my opinion of who should serve in political offices by casting my vote. I am proud to stand behind those who have the courage the fight for our country and to help others achieve freedom and peace. I am proud to defend the Constitution, a document that I believe was divinely inspired.
We need to be more involved in what's happening with our country. We need to learn about candidates and support those who best represent our values and standards. We need to stand firm in our resolve to protect our Constitution and preserve our freedoms. We need to send a message to those in power that we do not want a new world order, we do not want a different form of government, we do not want socialism.
We must be steadfast and immovable in our stand to keep America great.
Monday, May 17, 2010
For those of you who know me or have read my blog, you know that I have a son with Down syndrome. I decided to start a new blog about my experiences with him http://www.theupsideofdown2.blogspot,com/ if you'd like to check it out.
I have never had a problem with him having Down syndrome. I have no doubt that Heavenly Father sent him to my family with an extra chromsome for a reason. Heavenly Father knows better than I and He sent my son to me for a purpose. That doesn't bother me.
What bothers me? How people react to him and/or to the news that I have child with DS. There are those who pity me. Those who are so grateful they don't have a child with DS and let me know it. Those who think I should've aborted him. Those who think he'll never do anything. Those who put him in a "box" and don't give him a chance to do anything outside of that box.
Of course, there are also those who love him unconditionally, who support me, who see him as a child of God, and who will encourage him to be everything he can be in this life. These are the people who see him as God does. The way that I see him.
He is a gift. A gift that I'm not worthy to have, yet I do. Heavenly Father has entrusted him to me and I must do my best to live up to that trust.
So, if you're interested in reading about my journey with my son, please check out my new blog. Thanks!
Friday, May 14, 2010
Janie Rose Whitaker's world revolved around her chocolate shop until Roger Wentworth and his young daughter moved into the apartment across from Janie's. Anyone would think Roger fit the mold of the "perfect" guy, but soon Janie discovers secrets that could keep them apart forever. Though she resists getting involved in Roger's complicated life, they are drawn further into a bittersweet relationship.
You will laugh, cry, and crave chocolate as you read this LDS parody of the classic novel Jane Eyre.
Doesn't that sound like a fun book? Joan stopped by my blog for an interview. Joan, when did you start to write and how long did it take you get published?
I have been writing over fifteen years. I felt prompted to sit down and write what a particular ancestor would say if I had the chance to interview her. She didn't want to give me much information, didn't trust me, and from that I wrote a short story that grew into a novel. Through that experience I discovered that I loved to write!
Kerry Blair lived in my ward back then. She'd edit my chapters and I tried to learn the rules behind her changes. I learned a lot from her. She realized she could do a lot better than I was doing, so she wrote her own first novel and sent it to Covenant. They accepted it within two weeks.
How did you break into publishing?
I admit it was luck. I was in the right place at the right time. Kathy Jenkins of Covenant Com. suggested I send Walnut Springs Press my novel We Have Seen His Star--so I did. I pestered editor Linda Prince every few months asking if she had read it. After the eighth month, she asked if I had an LDS romance and that she needed one right away. I sent Haunts Haven and she liked it!
What inspired you to write romance?
I think every story needs romance, if not just a touch of it.
What genre or sub-genre do you write? Why did you choose this genre?
I write LDS romance. Haunts Haven is a paranormal mystery romance, Chocolate Roses is pure romance with a Jane Eyre parallel. I haven't been able to get away from the LDS genre. I guess because it is so ingrained in me.
What are you working on now?
I'm writing a story about a recent ASU college grad who takes a journalist job in a seaside village in Oregon. It has a touch of the paranormal, and I love the characters.
What has surprised you about being a published author?
Before being published, everything I did had an eternal perspective: taking care of my family which included cooking and cleaning, etc., my relationship with my husband, my calling. Even writing novels and music was developing talents and I felt the Spirit affirming that was what I should be doing. As soon as Haunts Haven hit the stores and I was expected to promote it and myself. I felt uncomfortable with that because it didn't easily fit into the eternal perspective that gave me comfort. I'm still not comfortable about the promotion.
What do you like to do when you aren't writing?
I'm a family history addict. I love to sew aprons to give as gifts. I write music (http://joansowards.com/) that I give as a service. My adorable grandchildren take a lot of my time, and I love being with my husband.
What advice would you give aspiring writers today?
Don't give up. Be ready for when you are "in the right place at the right time." Learn the craft of writing and be open for critiquing. There's a lot to be learned from other writers.
Thank you for the Interview, Joan. I loved learning more about you and your books.
Tuesday, May 11, 2010
In celebration of Mothers, and all they do for us, Mormon Mishaps authors C.L. Beck and D.N. Giles have put together a giveaway in conjunction with a week-long blog tour. If you aren’t interested in winning a fantastic advertising package valued at $150, you can stop reading now.
Wait, you’re still reading. That must mean you want to hear about our prize package, correct? Well. Okay then.
Let me first tell you a little about our sponsors, yourLDSneighborhood.com and YourLDSradio.com.
yourLDSneighborhood.com is an online shopping mall which features innovative products and LDS-based services, and great ideas for your home, all without the worries of questionable content. Shopping categories include Clothing, Music, Preparedness, Family Entertainment, Scrapbooking, Books and Art, Health and Food, Travel and Recreation, Weddings and more! Visit yourLDSneighborhood.com today.
Your LDS Neighborhood Newsletter is a free online newsletter that comes three times a week right to your email inbox. It provides topical stories and insights that set the tone for your day. The newsletter brings you articles, products, services, resources, and interviews from around the world, all with an LDS focus. Sign up today by clicking here!
YourLDSradio.com commits to bringing you the best in LDS Music – all day, every day and it is totally FREE to listen! Make them your web-surfing companion. It's free and easy to use and makes for the perfect online companion. Listen for yourself at yourLDSradio.com!
Okay, and now for the prize!
Your LDS Neighborhood has offered a YEAR LONG advertising package which includes space on the Neighborhood website as well as tiles in the newsletter. Were you to purchase advertising with them, this package would cost $150.
Here’s the best part. You don’t have to be LDS to advertise with the Neighborhood. As long as the business, blog, or product you’re promoting is family friendly, this advertising package will benefit you. Neighborhood ads are viewed daily around the globe, and by thousands of people.
So how do you win?
Entries will be accepted between May 4th and midnight, MST, May 16th. On May 17th, (or as close there about as possible) the winners will be chosen and announced on the LDS Humor blog. Although it's not required for entry, please take a minute to read the Mormon Mishaps and Mischief review/interview I've posted. Then, you must do the following four things to enter (but don't worry, they aren't hard):
1. Blog about this contest, then come back and leave either a url address or a link in a comment.
2. Follow me on Twitter. http://twitter.com/rebeccatalley And then tweet the contest. (Make sure to mention this in a comment.)
3. Facebook the contest. If your Facebook page is private, and I’m not your friend, I can’t see that you’ve done this, so you’ll need to friend me. http://www.facebook.com/?ref=home#!/rebeccacornishtalley Be sure to leave the link to where you've FB'd the contest in a comment.
All of these options can be mentioned in a single comment, and you can enter at all the participating blogs, as long as you follow and leave a comment for those bloggers so they know you love them.
You may enter this contest here, as well as on any of the tour posts at the following blogs:
This collection of humorous anecdotes from celebrated LDS authors shows off Church members at their finest. From primary pranks to cheeky comments made by Zion’s youth to high priests hijinx, no age group is immune to the potential for humor.
Though it may not be in the official Word of Wisdom, laughter really is the best medicine. Whether you’re a senior missionary, or an eight-year-old graduating to senior primary, you’re bound to get a kick out of these silly stories.
Read about:
*The preschooler who was afraid of being eaten by ‘Sunbeans’
* Establishing Zion in Cougar Stadium
*The ‘oddmonition’ of Paul
*The 14th article of faith
*Doing battle with the “Laman Knights”
*A young women outing that almost landed the class behind bars…and lots more!
Perfect for those long Sunday afternoons, Mormon Mishaps and Mischief will keep your family laughing all week long!
A few interesting statistics about Mormon Mishaps:
* 200 stories in the book.
* 78 are written by Cindy.
* 48 are written by Nichole.
* 126 stories, total, were written by Cindy and Nichole, or in other words 63%.
* 74 stories, total, were written by others, or in other words 37%.
* At least 80% of the stories required substantial editing and rewriting (and a big thank you from Cindy and Nichole to those whose stories didn’t require that).
* None of the anecdotes submitted to the publisher were cut—a feat that Cindy and Nichole were tickled about because they’d like to think it says something about the quality of their writing and editing abilities. Or maybe that they have really sharp eyes and can see nitpicky problems.
* The book took six months to write, and another year and a half to publication with Cedar Fort Inc.
This book is hilarious. I laughed out loud,which was embarrassing! You'll enjoy it!
Cindy: The moon was full, Aquarius was on the cusp, and the chickens were molting, all of which combined to make this the right time for a book of humorous anecdotes. Well, that and the pantry was empty, so a book that might actually sell a few copies seemed like a good idea.
Nichole: What Cindy says might be true. Or it could be that one sunny spring morning, one of us woke up and said, “I think I’ll write a book of humorous anecdotes today.” Then there was email involved. Lots of email. And brainstorming and collecting and chocolate eating. And maybe some Twinkies. Thus, the proposal for a book of humorous anecdotes was born.
Q. What’s your favorite story in the book?
Cindy: There’s this fantastic story about a crotchety old man who gets visited by three ghosts at Christmas, and by the end of the story, he vows to keep Christmas … oh wait, that’s Charles Dickens’ stuff. All right then, my next favorite is “A Good Impression” contributed by Cathy Witbeck. It’s about a little girl who gets all decked out for Easter and puts something interesting into her purse to take to church. (But I’m not going to tell you what, because it would ruin the fun.) On the other hand, I do have to tell you that because they’re all so funny, my favorite story changes about every five minutes.
Nichole: I’m with Cindy. Choosing just one favorite would be like playing favorites between my children. Which I’ve never done. Ever. I’m a good mother. I promise. Oh, but speaking of motherhood, there are several stories about children doing funny things, like licking worms and bringing a head of lettuce to pray. Love all of those.
Q. Where do the stories come from?
Cindy: From the demented … er … I mean, the creative genius of our minds. And from the funny events that we, and our contributors, saw happening at church, home and everywhere in between. Rest assured, however, that all contributors to the book signed a statement that the stories were true, and so even though real names were seldom used in the anecdotes, the situations actually happened. Which means if you think you recognize your bishop in there, well … we’ll never tell.
Nichole: None of them came from my current ward. They all came from other people’s wards, which I visited while wearing my invisibility cloak. So if you happen to be in my ward and recognize a story or five or twenty, well I didn’t see those things or write them down in my handy-dandy notebook. Er. Um. I mean…I plead the fifth?
Q. Thank you for letting me interview you. Do you have anything you’d like to add?
Cindy and Nichole: It was our pleasure! Readers can visit us at our website, MormonMishaps.com, or laugh with us at our humor blog at ldshumor.blogspot.com. In addition, there are our personal blogs—follow Nichole at nicholegiles.blogspot.com or Cindy at bythebecks.blogspot.com.
We really like having followers. It makes us feel all warm and fuzzy inside. Plus, we like to post funny stuff and make you laugh.
(I did receive a complimentary copy of this book because I am a contributor).
Monday, May 10, 2010
I'm so excited. Cedar Fort will be publishing my new novel The Upside of Down. I don't know the release date yet, but I'm guessing it'll be in the first quarter of 2011. I'm giddy! This book is really important to me and I hope you'll help me spread the word.
Here's a blurb: Amidst the demands of raising a large family, dealing with an anti-Mormon mother, and struggling to maintain a relationship with her rebellious teenage daughter, Natalie Drake, an ordinary LDS woman, is called to serve as Relief Society President. Still reeling from the shock of her new calling, Natalie learns that she’s pregnant. When she delivers the baby with unexpected complications, it turns her life upside down and she suffers a crisis of her faith.
I wrote that blurb, and, well, I'm not really a blurb writer so I'm sure the pros at CFI will come up with a better one, but you get the gist. And, if you've followed my blog or know me, you might be able to guess the unexpected complications.
I plan to have a platform for this book, but I'm still working on exactly what that will be. I am hoping to make a difference, even if it's only a small one. I'm also going to try to sell 1000 copies on Amazon in one day--a big undertaking but I'm hopeful it'll pan out..
Friday, May 7, 2010
I recently read Summer in Paris a YA novel for the national market by popular and prolific author Michele Ashman Bell. Though I did receive a complimentary copy from Valor Publishing and think Michele is one of the sweetest and kindest women I know, that did not influence my review. I read this book with interest because I want to find clean reads for my daughters and I'm happy to see one for the national market by a talented LDS author.
Kenzie is a spoiled little rich girl from New York. Her parents have handed her everything and she has no responsiblities. Her life revolves around her friends, her dancing, and money. She flips out when her parents tell her they've lost everything and she has to go stay with her relatives in Paris . . . Idaho. On top of that, her parents decide to separate.
I love this premise. Too many kids are spoiled rotten and don't know how to work. They don't even think about it. I loved that Michele threw her character into a country setting. I thought Kenzie's reactions were realistic and I loved watching her attitude change through the course of the story.
I really enjoyed the sweet romance and the mystery. Michele added a twist to the mystery. I thought the minor chracters were developed well. Tawni is especially annoying and reminded me of girls I knew growing up. I laughed at Hoover's new activity interest because I can relate. You'll have to read the book to see what I mean.
Summer in Paris is a fun read, but it also touches on issues like casting judgment and making false assumptions. I also like the friendship that's portrayed. I think young women will especially enjoy this book. I guess that makes me a young woman because I enjoyed it!
Thursday, May 6, 2010
Today my guest is Erin Klingler. She's here to talk about her new release Between the Lines.
Hi Erin, welcome to my blog. When did you first consider yourself a writer?
When I was about eight years old, actually. I wrote a silly little story (though I probably thought it was groundbreaking when I wrote it) about a dog who wanted a dog house for Christmas. I still have it saved in a scrapbook somewhere. My love of reading prior to that and ever since only strengthened my desire to become a writer. I soaked up everything I was taught in my English and creative writing classes in junior high and high school. Then after I got married and was busy raising children, I started writing a couple of different things when my kids were napping or playing. Between the Lines is my second novel.
Is your book based on a personal experience?
Not in the least. :) But I do love watching television shows that mix character relationships with criminal investigation--Alias, Castle, Bones, etc. My passion for those kinds of stories made me try my hand at romantic suspense. To my surprise, I actually love writing bad guys almost as much as I love writing romance! Who would have thought?
How long did it take you to write the book?
Um...forever. :) In its various incarnations, it was probably a three-year project. It doesn't normally take me that long, but it started out as mostly romance until Covenant's evaluators decided they thought I should stick in more "bad guy stuff." So I rewrote. Then resubmitted. Then had it accepted and rewrote various aspects of it many times. It's been a long road, but I'm happy with how it turned out.
What books or authors have most influenced your writing?
Definitely Kerry Blair, first and foremost. Her The Heart Has Its Reasons and subsequent books in that series were the first LDS books I fell in love with. They really were a turning point in my life. Shortly after I read them, we started exchanging emails, and she became a dear friend. She had an enormous impact on my decision to keep trying to get publish. Also, Traci Abramson's books really turned my thoughts to writing LDS suspense. She's such a master at it! I greatly admire her and her writing ability so much. Just getting to know her has inspired me to become a better writer.
What can we look for next? What current projects are you working on?
Between the Lines is out the first week of May, and I'm very excited about that! I hope all the years of hard work put into this book helps it to be something people enjoy. So much of my writing time has been focused on getting this book ready that I haven't fully jumped back into writing my next project. Now I can do that! Its working title is Deceit, and the book is high-energy action (the helicopter chase scene as the bad guys try to chase my main characters through the mountains of Colorado continues to be my favorite!) with a tale of rekindled love--if my characters make it out alive, of course!
Is there anything you find particularly challenging in your writing?
Finding time, mostly! Being a YW president, raising five kids, and working part time as a medical transcriptionist rarely leaves me spare time. But writing seems to be vital to my mental health, so I squeak out whatever time I can.
Do you have any advice for other authors?
Yes! Don't give up! I talk to so many aspiring authors, and most of them think the path is easy: write a book, send it off to a few agents, and then it's published. When they find out there's a lot of hard work and heartbreak along the way, they get a little freaked out. But anything worthwhile takes work! So be prepared to work, and don't give up! Most of the joy in the experience, I have found, comes in the friendship and learning experiences you discover along the way.
What do you like to do when you're not writing?
In my 2 seconds of spare time? :) I love to play tennis, and I love to read. It seems to be easier to find time to read (while waiting for kids to come out of school, or in bed at night during the news broadcasts) than to play tennis, so I find myself reading more often than pounding tennis balls across the net.
Any last words you want the reader to know?
I'm just excited to be sharing my passion for reading by writing something I hope people will enjoy. If I've been able to give somebody a few hours of escape or enjoyment through the pages of my book, I'll feel like my time writing has been well spent. Every time I hear somebody say, "I haven't done a lick of housework in 2 days because I was too absorbed in your book!" I feel like I could die happy. :)
Check This Out
Story in the Friend
FTC Disclaimer
I review books from time to time. Sometimes, I borrow the books from the library. Sometimes, I borrow them from friends. Sometimes, I purchase the books with my own money. And, sometimes, gasp, an author gives me a copy. I am not obligated in any way to post a review nor am I obligated to post a nice review even when an author has given me a book. I have my own mind and, therefore, post what I think about said books. However, to comply with the new FTC guidelines, I am declaring, publicly, that from time to time, I do receive books for free.
I feel so much better getting that off my chest. Thank you FTC, and thank you to our ever-growing government, for making the blogosphere a much safer place for all of us. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
On the deface page hackers left the message for site admin stating that, he had reported the multiple vulnerability to site admin but they haven't response to it. Hacker have not defaced the index page of the site rather he had uploaded his deface page on the directory of the site (http://smu.edu.in/resources/icp.htm).
As we have contacted to hacker, he told us that he had reported the vulnerability to admin, but they haven't gave any response to him. He had just defaced to show the security issue. he noted that,
"I didn't cause any damage to the site or server, just taking site admin attention to its reports. This was just security alert to the site admin"
Hacker have told us that today also he had reported the security issue with the deface page link as a POC. And at the mean time site admin have patched the site and restore the deface page. Hope now they realised that a small reports can damage there system.
Additionally, hackers also told us that he had access to the server database, and also have all the data of students, exam results details and other important data also. You can check the below screenshot provided by the hacker to us on our mail.
Sikkim Manipal University Database
I have seen many times that hackers have reported security issue to the organisation but they haven't took any issue or didn't response to them. Sometime some site admin patched the loopholes but didn't response to the security reports.
This is big issue that if hackers are reporting a security issue on its system then organisation representative must respond to the reports, even if they didn't have any bounty program. If they respond to the reports this may help then to solve the security loopholes of their system.
One of the reputed education institute of India "" have been hacked and defaced by hacker with the online handle "" fromSikkim Manipal University is a co-educational public-private funded university located in Gangtok, Sikkim, India. It was established in 1995 and is the first government-private initiative in the region. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Pirates president Coonelly charged with DUI — Pirates president Frank Coonelly has been charged with four counts related to drunken driving in Ross, the Tribune-Review has learned. — Ross Township police arrested Coonelly, 51, of Sewickley on Dec. 22 and charged him with drunken driving …
Source: Oswalt willing to join team midseason … After waiting until spring training and failing to land a job to his satisfaction, free agent pitcher Roy Oswalt has told major league clubs that he might pull a Roger Clemens and return midseason, according to a baseball source. — Oswalt
Marlins' salary plan may anger union — The minimum salary in the new collective-bargaining agreement increased from $414,000 to $480,000, giving even the lowest-paid players a handsome wage. — Baseball's economic system, however, allows clubs to otherwise determine the salaries of players …
Molina, Cardinals restart contract talks — JUPITER, Fla. • The agent for Gold Glove-winning catcher Yadier Molina met with the Cardinals and has re-engaged the club in talks the past two days about a contract extension, sources confirmed to The Post-Dispatch.
The First Argument of Spring — This is a story about spring, baseball and the first wonderful and crazy argument of the new year. Baseball, I think, is the best argument game we have going. Sure, in other sports you can argue Tiger vs. Jack, or Sampras vs. Federer, or Montana vs. Unitas, or whatever.
Selig Calls International Draft ‘Inevitable’ — MLB pushed through significant changes to its draft in the most recent Collective Bargaining Agreement, and commissioner Bud Selig says the changes aren't done. — While discussing the state of the game in an interview with Baseball America on Tuesday …
Tight back delays Kershaw's first bullpen — GLENDALE, Ariz. — Dodgers Cy Young winner Clayton Kershaw missed his first bullpen session of Spring Training on Wednesday as a precautionary measure due to mild back tightness. — Kershaw, who signed a two-year, $19 million contract earlier this month …
Future 50: Buxton No. 1 — The prep center fielder tops Insider's first MLB draft board for 2012 — The college baseball season kicked off last Friday and high schools are underway across the southern U.S., making this a good time for my first ranking of the top 50 prospects for the 2012 Rule 4 draft.
Who owns JetBluePark.com? Not the Red Sox. — If you go to JetBluePark.com, you won't get information about the new home of Red Sox spring training. Instead you'll be redirected to the New York Yankees website. That's because Eric Engelman, a Cubs fan from Fort Myers, Fla. …
Ballbug spotlights the most buzzed-about
baseball news from thousands of web sites.
It auto-generates a summary page every 5 minutes,
drawing on local news sites, national sports media,
and baseball bloggers of various stripes. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Introduction
============
Prematurity is defined as a delivery before 37 wk of gestational age ([@B1]). The incidence of prematurity has been increased in the USA from 10.6% in 1990 to 12.8% in 2006 ([@B2]). Advances in prenatal, obstetric and neonatal care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) were responsible for increasing preterm survivors in the last decades ([@B3]). Although the mortality rate decreased from 14.3% in 2000 to 12.4% in 2009 ([@B4]), it seems that it is associated with increased neonatal morbidity and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes ([@B4]-[@B6]). On the other hand, prematurity was the most common risk factor in infants with motor developmental delay ([@B7]).
The neurodevelopmental outcome is a very important index to assess successful treatment in the NICU ([@B3]). Although cerebral palsy, mental retardation, blindness and deafness are reported in survived preterm children, more subtle complications such as cognitive, sensory, language, visual --perceptual, attention and learning deficits are highlighted ([@B8]). The cognitive deficiency depends on biological (antenatal and postnatal) events as well as environmental factors such as socioeconomic status, parental occupation and education, number of siblings, and breastfeeding ([@B9]). Although the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was similar in different cultural environments, it is well recommended to evaluate the cognitive function of these children in a long-term follow up in different populations ([@B10]). Some investigations had studied the outcome at 2 yr of age ([@B11]), but other surveys have followed the children at the time of school with the conception that longer periods of follow up reveal more disabilities ([@B12]). The follow up of these children will improve our knowledge of preterm brain development and treatment strategies ([@B8]).
Neonatal morbidities and outcome are different in literature, which could be the result of a discrepancy in sample size or methods of studies, lack of control groups, different inclusion criteria, differences in severity determination and methods of treatment ([@B5], [@B9]).
Regarding that similar studies have not been performed in our region, we conducted this study to evaluate the early and late outcome of neonates admitted in NICU at their entrance to the school.
Materials & Methods
===================
The aim of this study was to define the early and late outcome of premature infants surviving the NICU at their entrance to the school. This descriptive study was conducted on premature neonates consecutively hospitalized in NICU of Valie Asr Hospital (academic pediatric hospital) in Zanjan, northwestern Iran from September 2001 to September 2003. All these children were evaluated at their entrance to school, when they were six yr old (2007-2009).
This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.
Parental informed consent was taken prior to enrollment in the study. The children were assessed by a pediatrician, physically examined, and the history of any underlying disease or taking any medication was investigated. The children's intelligent quotients (IQ) were determined by Wechsler test. The IQ more than 84 was considered normal. For each child audiometry was performed by a trained audiologist and visual acuity was investigated by an optometrist using Snellen charts.
Meanwhile, their hospital records were evaluated retrospectively. All data, including mortality rate, gestational age, birth weight, sex, Apgar score, history of neonatal diseases, and diagnostic procedures such as intracranial ultrasonography, CT scan and need for ventilators were inserted in prepared questionnaires.
All collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Comparisons for categorical variables were performed by chi-square test. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
=======
Overall, of 179 neonates, 101 (56.4%) cases died because of some of common causes of death including hyaline membrane disease or HMD (37.5%), HMD and sepsis (9%), asphyxia (4%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation with IVH (1.7%).
The mortality rate in neonates with a gestational age of 28-34 wk was 50%. There was a significant relation between gestational age and mortality rate (P= 0.001).
Seventy-eight (43.6%) newborns survived and enrolled in the study, of them, 53 newborns (68%) had a gestational age of 28-34 wk and 25 (32%) patients had a gestational age of 34-37 wk. Among them, 24 (31%) were female.
The neonatal birth weights varied between 450 gr to 3000 gr with the mean of 1586.21 ±540.53 gr. First minute Apgar scores were less than7 in 21 (27%), and 7 or more in 57 (73%) cases.
There was a significant relationship between first minute Apgar score \<7 and neonatal mortality.
(P=0.000). Intracranial ultrasonography was normal in survived patients and approved by brain CT scans. Four (5%) patients were assisted by ventilator. Frequency of neonatal diseases and their mortality have shown in [Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}.There was no significant relationship between mortality rate and some variables, including gender, weight, ventilator assisting, imaging findings and neonatal diseases.
The survived neonates were followed at their entrance to school from 2007 to 2009. Twenty-four children were excluded due to immigration, lack of full URL in the file and the lack of information about their new residence.
Finally, 44 patients were evaluated by physical examination, audiometric and optometric assessment and IQ test. None of them had chronic disease, seizure or history of medications.
The audiometric assessment was normal in all of the patients. One of the patients with visual problems had been consulted with an ophthalmologist. Because of retinopathy of prematurity, he was treated with laser therapy. Fifty-one patients (94.4%) had normal IQ and three patients (5.6%) showed mental retardation.
One patient had mild, one moderate and the other had severe mental retardation. Two patients with abnormal IQ were in the group of infants with gestational age of 28-33 wk and one patient with abnormal IQ was found in infants with gestational age of 33-37 wk ([Table 2](#T2){ref-type="table"}).
Even though the percentage of the lower IQ was found in the more mature infants, these differences were not statistically significant.
There was not statistically significant relation between GA with IQ, hearing and visual abnormality.
Discussion
==========
The numbers of premature live births are increasing, associated with increased morbidity and mortality ([@B13], [@B14]). In this study, the mortality of 179 premature neonates in NICU was 56.4% compared to 64. 4% in a previous study in Iran ([@B15]), 80.8% in Alexandria ([@B1]) and 86% in Saudi Arabia ([@B16]). Although, based on the Vermont Oxford network multicentric study in 33 North American (VON) centers, the mortality rate was 1.4% ([@B11]). The mortality of premature neonates weighing 501-1500 gr born in the USA from 2000 to 2009 decreased from 14.3% to 12.9% ([@B4]). These differences could be the result of discrepancies in gestational ages and treatment facilities in different studies.
In our study, 54% of survived infants were male and there was no significant difference in mortality rate of two genders. These findings are similar to a study in Turkey ([@B17]).
In the present study, there was a significant relationship between gestational age and mortality rate, similar to some other studies ([@B1], [@B15], [@B16]). The decrease in mortality of tiny neonates (501-750 g) was more than other groups ([@B4]). Another study had similar results with a 4.6% decrease in mortality of those premature infants ([@B18]). Difference in our results could be due to a lesser prenatal care and maternal factors such as malnutrition and lower treatment facilities in different hospitals.
Our study showed a statistically significant relationship between mortality rate and low first minute Apgar score, similar to previous studies ([@B15], [@B16]). Another study showed that 75% of neonates with a 10 min Apgar score of 0-3 died or suffered a disability compared to 45% of neonates with Apgar scores more than three and increscent in Apgar score was significantly related to a better outcome ([@B19]).
We found Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in 95.3% of our patients, similar to other studies ([@B15], [@B20]). In 38.9% of patients, we found associated complications with HMD that the most frequent was sepsis (18.5%).
In previous studies ([@B14], [@B15], [@B20]), this association was 43.6%, 30.9% and 76%, respectively.
The type of deliveries in our study was through cesarean section at (43%), but previous studies revealed that 59% and 15% of neonates were delivered by this method respectively ([@B2], [@B16]).
Premature rupture of membranes was seen in 10.1% of our neonates similar to another study as 13.4% ([@B2]).
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was found in three patients. This complication is reported in 3.5% of neonates ([@B14]), besides 8.5% of the evaluated patients had severe IVH ([@B11]). Fourteen percent of patients showed IVH grade \> II ([@B17]). IVH was found in 16% and 9.5% in preterm neonates ([@B13], [@B21]). The lower rate of IVH in our study may be due to the shorter duration of survival in our very low birth weight neonates. Neonates suffering IVH had poorer outcomes ([@B22]).
Therefore, better outcome of our patients may be related to lesser IVH in our survived neonates. The weight of 29.6% of our patients was below 5th percentile at school entrance. SGA infants had suboptimal growth until age 5 in Finland ([@B10]).
Comparing late preterm and term infants, preterm infants are at increased risk of underweight and stunting ([@B23]).
Visual disturbance due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was diagnosed in 1.9% of our patients. Severe ROP stage 3--4 was found in 20.9% of the evaluated patients with 1.2% bilateral blindness ([@B11]) and 10.3% with one blindness ([@B21]). Seven percent of neonates showed severe ROP ([@B13]). The lesser rate of visual disturbance may be due to poorer outcome of our neonates.
The auditory assessment of our neonates revealed no abnormality, but the study of Mercier et al. on extremely low birth weight infants showed 1.9% of hearing loss ([@B11]). In previous studies, three and one patient (s) was deaf ([@B21], [@B24]). This difference may be explained by the fact that in these surveys only neonates less than 28 weeks of gestational age have been studied.
In our study, 94.4% of patients had normal IQ with one patient having severe mental retardation. There was not a significant relationship between IQ and gestational age. This finding is very similar to a study in Nepal ([@B25]) but is different from the results of some other studies ([@B6], [@B20], [@B26]-[@B30]). Minor and major impairment in school performance was diagnosed in 39% and 18% in preterm infants respectively and the disability had an inverse relation with gestational age ([@B12]). A relation was found between lower neurodevelopmental outcomes with low Apgar score, gestational age less than 37 weeks and neonatal respiratory problems at one year of age ([@B30]).
The IQ assessment in preschool age showed that the mean IQ level in 89% of less than 28 wk of gestational age was 94 ± 15 ([@B24]). A limited association between gestational age and cognitive function was found in this study. These differences could be explained by the fact that in our study only patients with higher gestational age had a chance to survive.
The differences in early and late neonatal outcome could be the result of a discrepancy in inclusion criteria, differences in severity determination, methods of treatment and rehabilitation therapies.
**In conclusion,**despite the increase in diagnostic and treatment facilities, the neonatal mortality, particularly in preterm infants remains a serious problem, especially in developing countries. Factors such as gestational age, low birth weight, low Apgar score in the first minute and associated complications in these neonates were effective in their outcome but gender did not play a role in this field.
Since most infants discharged alive in our study had higher gestational age and birth weight, their evaluation at school entering age has been associated with the minimum expected disturbances.
######
Neonatal Diseases in Survived Cases
**Variable** **Number(%)**
------------------ ---------------
**HMD** 47 (60)
**Asphyxia** 1 ( 1.3)
**Sepsis** 2 (2.6)
**HMD+ Sepsis** 17(21.8)
**Hypoglycemia** 5 (6.5)
**NEC** 1 (1.3)
**GIB** 1 (1.3)
**Apnea** 4 (5.2)
HMD =hylaine membrane disease, NEC=Necrotizing Entrocolitis; GIB=Gastrointestinal Bleeding
######
Relation between Gestational Age and IQ, Auditory and Visual Abnormality
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Variables** **Gestational Age(week)**\ **Total** **P Value**
**Number(%)**
--------------- ---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ---- ----
**IQ** **Normal** 36 15 51 NS
**Abnormal** 2 1 3
**Total** 38 16 54
**Auditory** **Normal** 38 16 54 NS
**Abnormal** \- \- \-
**Total** 38 16 54
**Visual** **Normal** 37 16 53 NS
**Abnormal** \- \- 1
**Total** 38 16 54
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This paper is part of a pediatric specialty thesis and has been approved by the Council of Research of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. We greatly appreciate all patients and their families for their cooperation in conducting the study.
Author's Contribution:
======================
Mansour Sadeghzadeh,ParisaKhoshnevisasl: Study concept and design;
Mehdi parvaneh, Mansour Sadeghzadeh: Acquisition of data;
Mansour Sadeghzadeh, ParissaKhoshnevisasl, Nooreddin Mousavinasab: Analysis and interpretation of data;
NooreddinMousavinasab: Statistical analysis;
Parisa Khoshnevisasl, Mansour Sadeghzadeh, Nooreddin Mousavinasab, Mehdi parvaneh:
Drafting of the manuscript;
ParisaKhoshnevisasl, Mansour Sadeghzadeh: Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content;
ParisaKhoshnevisasl, Mansour Sadeghzadeh, NooreddinMousavinasab, Mehdi parvaneh: Final approval and agreement for accountability;
Mansour Sadeghzadeh: Study supervision.
Conflict of interest:
=====================
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Central |
This is also an older story that originated on Tumblr, so many of the dates are off. The following link is extremely NSFW, so consider yourself warned. If you’d like to see the participants, we’ve got you covered.
On Saturday we went round to a friend’s flat for some mischief with “James” and his new girl “Anna.” It’s always exciting and exotic to meet someone, have a drink with them, and ten minutes later be invited into a hot tub with her. We’d not prepared for that eventuality and felt momentarily like a skydivers without parachutes. We *were* prepared for some other eventualities (we’d brought a lovely leather collar with us) but knew that James is kitted with impressive bondage paraphernalia.
The solution was skinny dipping. Perhaps we’d not been instructed to bring swimsuits for a reason. Having to be clothed all the time is obviously a travesty, but we’d not thought we were going to go nude quite so fast, and there is always an interesting moment when you see another person’s clothes come off for the first time. We all imagine each other nude and the expectations game always asks, “beats, meets, or misses?”
In this case the answer is “beats.” Solidly:
And those expectations were high to begin with.
James and Anna got in all the way, but we only dipped our legs in. Hot tubs disagree with C (they disagree with many women, causing UTIs or washing out women’s natural lube, which is an important educational point for the inexperienced amongst our readership) and she did not wish to ruin herself for later or ruin much of the rest of her week.
The chat was good and we’ve forgotten the content if not the positive feelings it engendered. The bubbly helped everyone relax and after we made our way to the showers. Then, still nude, we ventured to the spanking bench. James had thoughtfully laid out an array of implements: floggers, canes, single-tails, wrist- and ankle-cuffs, clothespins, and more. James is domming Anna and instructed her to assume the position on the spanking bench.
James began paddling Anna. We stood back as they calibrated expectations and learned Anna’s limits (high, it turns out). As the spanking began in earnest we took turns kissing Anna’s neck and caressing her spectacular tits. This did a lot for her and we eventually began kissing her mouth. This did a lot for both of us. J began to stroke C’s puss and clit while C began to fondle J’s cock.
How long this lasted is hard to say, and from here the story is mostly out of order. The sex lasted so long and took on such a dreamy, beautiful consistency that it is hard to recall what happened in what order and who had which orgasms where and when. We can speak however to the solid results of Anna’s spanking:
All of us moved to the bed and began kissing. J slipped the collar round Anna’s neck. The kissing turned into more. Did the oral sex or the straightforward sex come next? It’s hard to say. Probably the oral sex, when J began alternately fingering both women. Just as every cock is pleasantly different so is every pussy.
J began going down on C. Given our experience together it is not surprising that J knows precisely what she likes. James made her begin sucking his cock. Anna alternated between kissing James and kissing C’s nipples and generally making herself useful wherever was most appropriate.
This may have been the longest part of the night, as C very much enjoyed the feel of J’s tongue on her clit and the many other things happening around her, but those stimulating things also did not let her concentrate long enough to come. So the time stretched and J kept going until his legs were exhausted from being folded under him and his jaw felt like a mass of fire, and C kept going because she kept getting close and then pulling back.
Until she came.
After that J collapsed for a minute. James and Anna congratulated C. Everyone drank water. Then James grabbed C and made her go down on him. J played with Anna’s collar: He let her slide away from him, then hooked a finger in to pull her back, eventually forcing her to suck him when she drew closer. Anna and C like being told what to do. They like being made to do it even more.
James flipped C over and began fucking her. J flipped Anna over and began going down on her to prep her. She kept trying to slide away; J kept grabbing her by the legs and hips and bringing her back, then holding her in place to tongue her clit. The game only ended with J grabbing her, holding her, and sliding his cock inside her.
Anna and C both like rough sex but Anna’s capacity for it is rougher. C needs very firm but slower strokes to really enjoy sex. Anna needs it rough and fast. Her favourite word is “harder.” Had J known that in advance he would have put a buttplug in her before he started fucking her. Harder.
And harder.
And harder.
At some point he flipped her again, mounted her doggystyle, and put his entire weight on her back and hips as he used her for rough sex. At that point J and James were aligned, both holding the women down and fucking them. Who came first? Who cares.
By the time both were done C had come twice (once from a tongue, once from her vibrator) and it was time for Anna to come. J began going down on her again, with the experience lasting a long time and cresting when she essentially held his head in place and kept grinding her clit on his tongue and lips. But that orgasm was not to be. She needed something more violent. A Hitachi Magic Wand.
Holding that on a high setting against her clit while C and James held her down and pinched her nipples did eventually set her off. Anna’s orgasms last a minute or two. Not recording her whole body shake and sounds is a travesty for history but we didn’t set up the equipment in advance.
We took a break. More bubbly. Played with the toys.
James fucked C again and J fucked Anna again. In pretty much every position. For a totally unknown period of time. J got off in Anna. Anna decided to provide a little help:
James eventually finished. Both girls got off at least one more time, making a total of three distinct orgasms for C and two for Anna, with some minor ones interspersed or undifferentiated from the major events.
The girls made friends. We’re going to see each other next week. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
The Yale Fellowship in Pharmaceutical Research and Clinical Practice at the Yale Child Study Center is recruiting highly qualified students for an intensive pre-doctoral fellowship for current graduates or graduating seniors interested in a combined clinical and research career in autism treatment. The position will commenceJune 2018.This is a two-year, full-time, work-training program dedicated to autism pharmaceutical research and clinical experience. The fellowship combines elements of experiential learning with supervision, self-directed learning, and shadowing. Research training encompasses learning to lead and coordinate multiple pharmaceutical clinical trials involving children and adults living with autism spectrum disorders. The fellows will be immersed in clinical training, including training on assessments used in autism evaluation and observation of a range of therapeutic strategies used during patient sessions and psychiatric consultations. They will be directly involved in communication with parents and schools regarding patient treatment and medication management. After the necessary skills have been acquired, fellows will have the opportunity to mentor an individual with autism. Fellows will also be involved in community outreach and will develop leadership skills while directing organized social groups for families and individuals living with autism spectrum disorder. With research mentorship, selected applicants will be expected to present and potentially publish results of their own work related to psychopharmacology and autism. Successful candidates will have a high degree of initiative and independence with strong organizational skills and ability to work effectively with many types of people across different settings. Flexibility and endurance are also essential qualities. Fellows are awarded $30,000 the 1st year and $32,000 the 2nd year, as well as full healthcare coverage.Eligibility RequirementsEligible are college graduates who will have obtained a bachelor's degree by June 2018. While previous relevant experience is preferred, applicants from a wide variety of backgrounds are encouraged. U.S. citizenship is not a requirement of the fellowship.Please note that this fellowship is not offered concurrently with graduate studies. However, we do hope that the fellowship will serve as an important stepping-stone towards future medical or graduate studies.Application InformationFor more specific questions, interested applicants should contact Dr. Roger Jou. Electronic submissions are preferable when possible. A complete application includes 1 copy of each of the following items:
Resume or CV
Official transcripts, undergraduate and graduate (if applicable)
A 2-page personal statement containing biographic material, relevant experience, and career goals - can be single or double spaced
Two sealed and signed letters of recommendation that speak directly to the candidate's potential | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Q:
Julia - PlotlyJS plotting works only in REPL
I'm learning PlotlyJS.jl package and I've noticed that the window with my function plotted appears only if I use REPL - when I launch my program with julia test.jl command, the window with the graph doesn't show up. What is the reason of this behaviour? Is there anything I can do to make the window appear "outside" of the REPL?
A:
From ChrisRackauckas' answer in a thread of the Julia forum:
(...) Let me explain what's happening with
a script. In Julia, the plotting happens because the plot() command
returns a plot object. However, there is a difference between running
a command in a script, and running a command in the REPL. In the REPL:
a = 2
automatically returns, while
a = 2;
does not (like MATLAB). However, that would make you have to put ;
everywhere in a script, and so
a = 2
does now return a in a script. However, this means that plot(...)
doesn't actually return anything to show in a script.
This explains why the plot window appears when you run the plot() function from the REPL but not from a script. The default behavior for scripts is to display nothing, including plots. In order to make the plot window appear when running a script, you have to enclose the plot() command inside the display() function, like this:
x = 0:10
display(plot(x, x.^2))
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | StackExchange |
You are here
Bracket Seed Trends: First Round
How can you find meaningful betting trends in your bracket when different teams and different seeds year after year?
The fact is, the same types of teams fall into the same types of seeds each year, so the motivation and the styles are often similar. Long story short, there are some March Madness seed trends that can turn a profit year after year.
And it’s not always the point spread – often matchups trend toward the over-under.
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1 vs 16 trends
Looking for a straight up win for a 16 over a No. 1? It has never happened and won’t this year either. But the 16s haven’t covered many spreads lately either.
They are 2-6 ATS in the past two Madnesses, despite point spreads ranging from 15.5 to 25.5 points.
UNDER has been the play of choice however lately, perhaps because of rust from the No. 1s or slow-down tactics by the No. 16s. Whatever, the UNDER is 9-3 past three Marches. [ Live March Madness Odds ]
2 vs 15 trends
We theorize that the same factors trending to UNDERs in 1 vs 16 matchups also applies here in 2 vs 15. Small schools play it a little safe and are little overwhelmed by the big schools at No. 2.
Whatever the case, if you bet UNDER on every 2 vs 15 the past six seasons, you would be 17-6-1.
3 vs 14 trends
Looking for Cinderella at No. 14 has been futile in recent years, with only three of them upsetting No. 3 seeds in the past decade. Most recently, Ohio stomped Georgetown in 2010.
The 3s have been the best bet among the high seeds, perhaps indicating they feel slighted by not getting a higher seed. Possibly, the pressure is les and they hit the ground running at tournament time.
Whatever the case, No. 3 is 11-5 ATS past 4 seasons vs 14s.
4 vs 13 trends
Lucky 13s have been unlucky for those betting on No. 4 seeds. 2004 and 2007 were the only years that at least one 4 seed didn’t go up in smoke at the hands of a 13. In 2001 and 2008, they took out two No. 4 seeds each year.
Last year, it was Morehead State upsetting Louisville. Of late however, 13s are on a 9-5 ATS run and they have covered spread at least twice each year since the 4’s shut them out in 2007.
5 vs 12 trends
One of the biggest bracket-busting trends involves 12s beating up No. 5 seeds. And with a 10-4 ATS mark in the past 14 meetings, this is a spot where many brackets are busted. Picking the wrong No. 5 seeds to advance is a bracket contest killer.
2007 was the only year in the past 11 where all the 5s moved on. This year, the No. 5s include Temple, Wichita State, New Mexico and Vanderbilt.
6 vs 11 trends
The lower seeds have dominated this 6 vs 11 matchup in recent years as well. The No. 11 team is 8-3-1 ATS past three Marches – the UNDER is identical 8-3-1 in those 12 games.
7 vs 10 trends
The No. 10 slot is another one where the higher seeds have been beaten up against the spread. The No. 10s are 9-3 ATS past 12 games over three Marches. And it’s not just covering the spread. In those 12 games, the lower-seeded teams are 7-5 SU.
8 vs 9 trends
As you might expect, the 8 vs 9 matchup is so close that its almost a perfect split between 8 and 9s, straight and against-the-spread.
The one spot where you find a significant trend going back several Madnesses is the underdog angle. In the past 18 games, the underdog is 14-4 ATS. It doesn’t matter if the dog is No. 8 or No. 9 – picking the dog regardless has been a great bet.
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The handicapping, sports odds information contained on this website is for entertainment purposes only. Please confirm the wagering regulations in your jurisdiction as they vary from state to state, province to province and country to country. Using this information to contravene any law or statute is prohibited. The site is not associated with nor is it endorsed by any professional or collegiate league, association or team. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
No one said this was going to be easy. In fact, we’ve told you all along that your quest for ForeverLove on The Bachelor would be the most arduous challenge you could ever undertake. This isn’t the relatively breezy ordeal of a night-school law degree, or primary custody parenthood, or a two-year stint in a federal lockup for overhearing an insider stock tip. This is your life you’re fighting for. Your future. A very likely last chance at finding your soul mate, on national television, in front of millions of people who are critiquing your alcohol intake and your lipstick shade and the rhinestone-bedazzled cocktail dress you mysteriously chose to wear on a mountain-biking date through the world-famous mud puddles of Slop Junction, Wyoming.
The time for messing around is long over. This is Week 5, and only the strong survive. That rhyme is an excellent mnemonic for remembering where you are in the competition; temporal disorientation is peaking, and you’re as likely to wake up thinking you’re late for your butter-churning shift on a colonial manor as you are to remember you’re sleeping in a walk-in closet with four coldhearted sister-enemies in a rented mansion somewhere in the greater Los Angeles area. Get it together. Open your mind. Let the knowledge in. Let’s figure out how to keep you alive for another rose ceremony.
1. Be open to every kind of intimacy.
There is more to building a lasting bond than simply handing your Bachelor an empty plate and inviting him to the carnal smorgasbord of physical discovery. It’s not just your respective genital areas that yearn to connect with a gravitational pull strong enough to yank foreign communication satellites out of orbit, it’s your entire beings. You need to nurture the spiritual and the emotional. The rest will come together in due time. Yes, “come together” means what you think it means, the pun is right there on your LET’S COME TOGETHER date card, tantalizing you with the idea of the simultaneous releases you’ll enjoy down the road if you put in the prep work now.
And so it is important to heed the instructions of the extravagantly bescarved “intimacy mentor” sitting uncomfortably nearby on a jumble of beaded pillows, smelling faintly of the various sensual oils she may soon invite you to slather across each other’s quivering body-canvases in an attempt to “open you up” to the possibility of connection. Just go with it. It will feel incredibly awkward at first, an impossible tangle of limbs and hot breath and poorly coordinated eyelash collisions observed by a nose-ringed love-Svengali one whispered command away from initiating a patchouli-drenched threesome. But soon, after the shame of the aborted mutual disrobing exercise subsides, after you stop worrying that the sound of your finger-cymbals chiming behind his head might interfere with the smoldering eye contact you’re establishing from a perch on his lap, you will see what she’s up to. She is an erotic maestro merely tuning up the pianos for the beautiful fuck-concerto you will play together on the Fantasy Suite stage. And you will thank your guru for her service.
2. Overcome your fears.
ABC
The reaction is immediate: the sweaty palms, the pounding heart, the visions of plummeting to your death trailing a frayed bungee cord improperly inspected by the safety carny too meth-addled to keep you from being splattered on the bottom of a gorge. And all of that just from a garden-variety acrophobic seeing the word “sky” scrawled on a date card. If you’ve done even the most cursory research, you should know that the producers like nothing better than to manifest whatever you wrote on the THIS IS MY GREATEST FEAR, PLEASE DO NOT USE AGAINST ME ON THE SHOW line of your application in the most terrifying manner possible. Confront your fear. Conquer it. Play a mental trick on yourself: Pretend that being suspended aloft in a picnic basket hundreds of feet in the air by a small fire inside a giant balloon is a less troubling scenario than the snapped bungee cord one. Whatever works.
Oh, and take a shower. Why have you not been showering? Is that another fear, or is it more of a superstition thing? The other girls will seize upon your baffling hygiene habits and go on the attack. They’ve already noticed you’re sleeping in your makeup, so stop handing out free ammunition. And you definitely don’t want the producers, frustrated that they failed to cripple you emotionally with a balloon ride, to CGI some Pigpen stench lines over your head. Don’t do their jobs for them.
3. Take a “nap.”
Even at five weeks in, it’s still too early for a full-fledged trip to bed. Consider a “nap.” “Napping” is fun and innocent, and absolutely no one will suspect that your “nap” may have involved anything more than some refreshing, nonpenetrative cuddle time. The appalled looks on the faces of your overtired competitors are expressions of jealousy that you found the time after the exhausting demands of a one-on-one date to sneak in some fully clothed, above-the-covers, G-rated spooning. You probably even snored a little; make sure you throw that in when they ask. No, he snored. Oh, did the girls not know he snores? It’s so adorable. That “nap” was so satisfying.
4. Give yourself a second chance.
Were you prematurely eliminated because your binge drinking gave your Bachelor the impression you weren’t respecting the sacred process through which a hunky farmer might potentially harvest a trial fiancée, if he can ever decide between 30 options? Do you feel like accepting your elimination without more of a fight was a huge mistake, that your romantic spark was extinguished before it had a chance to truly ignite? Cool. Just show up again. No one will stop you. The worst thing that can happen is every remaining contestant will unite against you in protest of what they perceive to be an incredibly unfair circumvention of “the rules.” The only rule, of course, is to win. It’s worth a shot. The only thing you have to lose is your bus fare. Chris Harrison’s not made of money, no way he’s sporting for your Greyhound ticket for five to 10 minutes of weak conflict. He’s not going to waste the beverage-line savings realized from your departure on transportation expenses.
5. Tell your story.
Your story is amazing. Tragic, certainly, but amazing. It’s a story of hope. It’s a story of perseverance. It’s the story of a young widow, her marriage shockingly ended by cruel fate, putting her life on hold so a broadcast television network might help her overcome her grief by giving her a chance at finding love again, every Monday night at 8 p.m.
And it’s a story you need to share at precisely the right moment for maximum strategic impact. In person, behind closed doors, right as your Bachelor is standing before a mirror, nervously whispering the names of the women he will invite to continue on their journey toward a series of sexual compatibility tests conducted in various heart-shaped Jacuzzis of luxury hotels. He needs to know your story to make a fully informed decision about not sending home a fragile person mere moments after she revealed the unknown depths of her secret hurt. This may induce a certain level of emotional turmoil in your Bachelor as he grapples with the unexpected weight of this information, but no one said his decision should be easy. Let him heave the cruise-ship singer overboard. It’s not your fault her story is not as amazing as yours. What’s the most profound adversity she’s faced — having the karaoke lyrics screen go dark in the middle of Natalie Imbruglia’s “Torn”?
6. Fake a panic attack.
ABC
Sharing your story right before the rose ceremony is a high-percentage play to capture a desperation flower and stave off an imminent elimination, but there’s still a chance such a dramatic move will backfire. Your Bachelor might suffer a nervous breakdown, withdrawing from the pre–rose ceremony cocktail party to reexamine his options. This will put you in an almost impossible position: Is he taking the extra time to figure out how to dismiss you from the competition in a gentle way, or is he deciding which of the other girls to jettison in your place, such as the possibly mute one he’s kept around for five weeks in hopes of finally hearing her speak?
You can’t wait around passively for the answer. It’s time for the nuclear option: the fake panic attack. Stumble into a hallway, out of the view of your fellow contestants. Collapse, not too far from a cameraperson or crew member. Say something like, “I think I’m having a very real panic attack, you can tell because I’m crying on the floor over here!” Wait for the on-set EMT to arrive, snap on some rubber gloves, and pretend to examine you. She knows the deal. Everyone knows the deal:
You can go out now, in the back seat of a limousine.
Or you can roll right into next week, reclining on a stretcher, thumbs triumphantly up next to the disconnected breathing apparatus covering your smile, saved — for the time being, at least — by those three magic words:
TO BE CONTINUED. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Mobile communication units (MCU's), such as cellular phones, personal data assistants (PDA's), and on-board Vehicle Communication Units (VCU's), used in conjunction with a Wide Area Network (WAN), such as a cellular telephone network or a satellite communication system, have made it possible for a person to send and receive voice communications, data transmissions, and FAX messages from virtually anywhere on earth. Such communication is initiated at the MCU when it is turned on, or by entering a phone number to be called, or in many cases, by pressing a preprogrammed button on the MCU or speaking a voice command causing the MCU to automatically complete the process of dialing the number to be called. A radio communication link is established between the MCU and a Wide Area Network (WAN), using a node of the WAN in the vicinity of the MCU.
Once the radio communication link between the MCU and the cellular base station has been established, the base station then utilizes a combination of additional cellular stations, conventional telephone wire line networks, and possibly even satellite systems to connect the MCU to the number to be called.
Wireless communication services for MCU users, such as navigation and roadside assistance that utilize GPS, have increased rapidly in recent years. Most of the services that have been offered are for a motor vehicle in operation, and include services that may require location and destination information, usually provided utilizing GPS data.
Examples of roadside assistance that utilize GPS, in addition to other wireless communication services, include providing location information in emergency situations, such as, for example automobile accidents, medical emergencies, and automobile theft. Unfortunately, in many instances of the above examples one or more critical portions, such as, for example the antenna portion or the power supply portion, of the MCU may be degraded. In the event of an automobile accident scenario, the degradation may be unintentional as opposed to an intentional degradation in the event of an automobile theft scenario.
It would be desirable, therefore, to provide a method and system that would overcome these and other disadvantages. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | USPTO Backgrounds |
Category Archives: Uncategorized
Welcome to the series recap of “Hey Dude”. Here, I’m going to give my thoughts on the series as a whole and the characters, give an update on the cast and crew, and rank the episodes from worst to best.
Before that, though, let it be known that the WordPress editor sucks ass, and it’s the reason (seriously, I tried two computers and three browsers) that this is tardy #5.
So now, before we ride off into the sunset, let’s check in with our friends one last time…
Videos
I scoured YouTube while preparing this recap. Here are a bunch of videos that I’ve rounded up for you:
This is a commercial about Ted that most of the cast did (this particular airing is from 1994):
Here’s the first outtakes video, courtesy of Geoffrey Darby:
Here’s the second and final outtakes video, courtesy of Geoffrey Darby:
Here’s “The Wild Bunch”, a western-themed promo from 1993 (this is the ad that I referred to in my “Magnum Ernst” review):
Here’s “the entire Nickelodeon afternoon experience from start till end” (from autumn of 1993, around 1-2 years after my first time watching the series) – basically a collection of commercials and bumpers from the “No More Mr. Nice Guy” episode:
Here’s a small collection of “Hey Dude” ads and commercial bumpers from 1993:
Here are the commercials from between acts 1 and 2 of a 1993 airing of “Jealous Guy” (season 5, episode 06):
Here are the commercials from between acts 1 and 2 of a 1993 airing of “Incredible Shrinking Ted” (season 5, episode 03):
Here are the commercials from between acts 1 and 2 of a 1993 airing of “Doghouse Blues” (season 4, episode 10):
Here are the commercials from between acts 1 and 2 of a 1993 airing of “Baby” (season 5, episode 05):
Here are the commercials from between acts 1 and 2 of a 1993 airing of “Amnesia” (season 5, episode 07):
Here are the closing credits from a 1993 airing of “Jealous Guy” (season 5, episode 06) with an announcer voice-over:
Here’s a promo for “Muppet Babies” and “Hey Dude” from 1993:
Probably also from 1993, these are the commercials from the first half of an airing of “Presumed Stupid” (season 5, episode 08):
This is from an undated “Hey-Dude-a-thon”, which included an airing of “Return of Ted” (season 4, episode 08), with narration by David Lascher, in character as Ted, previewing the next episode (“Some Like It Hot” (season 4, episode 11)) over the closing credits. This is followed by video of David Lascher and Christine Taylor, in character as Ted and Melody, introducing the episode in a generic way:
From the same “Hey-Dude-a-thon”, which included an airing of “Some Like It Hot” (season 4, episode 11), with narration by Christine Taylor, in character as Melody, previewing the next episode (“Cowboy Ernst” (season 2, episode 12)) over the closing credits. This is followed by video of David Lascher, in character as Ted, introducing “Mr. Moneybags” (season 4, episode 12):
From the same “Hey-Dude-a-thon”, David Lascher and Christine Taylor talk over the closing credits of “Mr. Moneybags” (season 4, episode 12), in character as Ted and Melody, previewing the next episode (“Murder, He Wrote” (season 4, episode 13)):
Here’s a parody “tribute” video (that somehow manages to insult the series). According to a post on IMDb, it was shot on the Backbone Trail in the Santa Monica Mountains, just north of Malibu, California:
Here’s a 2014 tour of the abandoned set, which is still standing – and wasting away – to this day:
Here’s an impromptu mini-interview with some of the cast at the ATX Television Festival (June, 2014), before the panel:
This is the 25th anniversary reunion panel from ATX Television Festival (June, 2014):
Here’s part of an interview with Jonathan Galkin (the “Hey Dude” portion) on “Running Late with Scott Rogowsky” (June 25, 2014):
Here’s a cast reunion spot on The Splat (featuring a clip of Christine Taylor and Kelly Brown at the Nickelodeon Kids’ Choice Awards, which seems to be the April 22, 1991, edition):
Here’s a modern airing of a vintage commercial that the cast did, slightly altered for The Splat:
“Dude of Terror”, a hilarious horror-themed promo, on The Splat:
“Hey Dude” theme song fan tribute on The Splat:
Here are a series of “Hey Dude” 25th anniversary commercial spots featuring most of the cast (sans David Brisbin, Joe Torres, and Geoffrey Coy); unfortunately, they’re recorded by someone pointing a camera at the screen, but better this than nothing:
The Directors
Frederick King Keller directed 31 of the episodes. He’s had a long career of directing and producing (and even some writing), stretching from 1981 to 2014.
Ross K. Bagwell, Jr., directed 34 of the episodes. He had a short career of producing and directing, stretching from 1988 to 1999, working on only three other things besides “Hey Dude”. He died in October of 2008. Read this article.
The Actors
David Brisbin (Mr. Ernst) is still working, racking up 69 acting credits as of this writing. His recent credits include parts in/on “Twin Peaks: The Missing Pieces” (2014), “Justified” (2015), and “Idiotsitter” (2016). See David Brisbin on Hey Dude Wiki.
Kelly Brown (Brad) quit acting after “Hey Dude” (see Kelly Brown on Hey Dude Wiki). However, she owns a successful women’s clothing store (for seven years running as of this post), Kelly B Boutique, in Montauk, New York. You can check it out on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Or, if you’re in Montauk, stop in and say hi. Tell her that the crazy “Hey Dude” blogger sent you. I guarantee she’ll have no idea what the fuck you’re talking about.
Geoffrey Coy (Kyle) quit acting after “Hey Dude”. He currently works as a director of marketing. See Geoffrey Coy on Hey Dude Wiki.
Jonathan Galkin (Jake) was on a sketch comedy series called “Way Cool” in 1991 – just after “Hey Dude” ended. Then he quit acting. He currently heads DFA Records (cofounded in 2001). See Jonathan Galkin on Hey Dude Wiki.
Debrah Kalman (Lucy) has been in more things than I realized when I started this blog (and it’s not even all listed across her three IMDbpages; check out her resume). While she took a break to open restaurants and teach, she has now returned to acting. Her recent credits include parts in “Caretaker” and “Vengeance: A Love Story” (2017). See Debrah Kalman on Hey Dude Wiki.
David Scott Lascher (Ted) is still working, racking up 34 acting credits as of this writing. His recent credits include parts in/on “Melissa & Joey” (2014) and “The Boat Builder” (2015). See David Lascher on Hey Dude Wiki.
Christine Joan Taylor (Melody) is still working, racking up 56 acting credits as of this writing. Her recent credits include parts in/on “Arrested Development” (2005-2013), “Burning Love” (2012-2013, in which she played a character named Symphony *wink, wink*), “Sharing” (2015), “Zoolander 2” (2016), “Little Boxes” (2016), and “Zoolander: Super Model” (2016). See Christine Taylor on Hey Dude Wiki.
Joe Torres (Danny) quit acting after “Hey Dude” (see Joe Torres on Hey Dude Wiki). No one knows what happened to him, not even the cast and crew, who lost touch with him after the series wrapped. Rumors persist that he’s a car salesman in New Jersey, a pool shark at The Golden Nugget (a local dive bar in Tucson), or dead (of kidney failure while living on a reservation in Utah). However, a blogger posted this photo, supposedly of himself and Joe, in 2012.
Josh Tygiel (Buddy) made the decision in college to not pursue acting. He currently works for a private investigation firm in Portland. See Josh Tygiel on Hey Dude Wiki.
The Episodes
Okay, here is my authoritative (to myself, anyway, and only until I change my mind, which will probably be immediately after I post this) list of all “Hey Dude” episodes, ranked from worst to best (trust me, it wasn’t easy). Please keep in mind that this is more subjective than usual, because I’m trying to judge 65 episodes instead of just 13. Also, “worst” and “best” episodes are not indicative of what any of us might feel like watching at any particular moment, which largely depends on what we’re in the mood for. No descriptions this time (what more can I say?) and no links (see the separate page that I’m creating for all of the links), just the final word (see previous disclaimers earlier in this sentence):
Season 5, Episode 02 – The Legend of Jed
Just a tiny bit of spookiness toward the end of the episode to start things off.
Season 4, Episode 07 – Lost in the Desert
Next up: Buddy thinks the staff of the Bar None are pod people! ARE THEY?!?!?!?!?! No.
Season 2, Episode 13 – Take Me to Your Leader
When the ranch is “invaded” by “aliens”, the gang must fend off the attack at all costs!
Season 2, Episode 06 – Ghost Stories
Save the best for last! Is the ranch haunted?! Will Ted survive the night?! No and yes.
The Characters
Here are the characters, ranked from my least favorite to my favorite:
Kyle Chandler appeared in 14 of the 65 episodes – just over one season’s worth of episodes (or just over 1/5th of the series) – and 14 of the 27 episodes of the “Kyle Era” (just over half). He came off mostly as a sexist asshole. There’s little redeeming about him, and he did absolutely nothing to improve the series.
Cassie appeared in 12 of the 65 episodes. She’s still better than Kyle, but, then again, I love animals.
Lucy appeared in 27 of the 65 episodes (just over two seasons’ worth of episodes or just over 2/5ths of the series) and was mentioned in 3 others. In terms of main characters that have been around since the beginning, she was the most useless. She was supposed to be an authority figure on the “ground level” (Mr. Ernst is often in his office) that could keep/set the kids straight, but there were plenty of episodes that called for that, yet she was nowhere to be seen. I really don’t understand why they wasted her. They didn’t even establish her last name.
Danny Lightfoot appeared in 64 of the 65 episodes. I like him just fine, but he’s the least developed of the longer-serving teens. He got some good character development, but it wasn’t often enough, so the series kind of gave the impression that he was just there most of the time.
Benjamin “Buddy” Ernst, Jr., appeared in 63 of the 65 episodes and was mentioned in 1 other, which means only 1 episode went by without his presence being felt. He was the kid character that the target audience could relate to. Overall, I like him, but he didn’t get many plots to himself. When he did, though, they were pretty good.
Mr. Benjamin J. Ernst appeared in 59 of the 65 episodes, had an additional voice cameo in 1 other, and was mentioned in 2 others, which means only 3 episodes went by without his presence being felt. He’s the funny, bumbling authority figure (kind of like Mr. Belding on “Saved by the Bell” or – and this is getting obscure – Gerald on “Boogies Diner”). Despite his occasional buffoonishness and crazy schemes, he genuinely cares for the kids and the ranch.
Jake Decker appeared in 36 of the 65 episodes. For a character that started as a replacement for Ted, he certainly became an enjoyable character in his own right. He wasn’t Ted. He wasn’t better than Ted (in my opinion). But he was funny and likable.
Theodore “Ted” Aloysius McGriff appeared in 44 of the 65 episodes and was mentioned (and seen in a photo) in 1 other. How can you not love Ted? He’s goofy. He’s charming. He fancies himself to be a ladies man. He was Zack Morris before Zack Morris was Zack Morris (at least, the “Saved by the Bell” version) – but more tolerable. Lascher’s brief departure from the series meant Ted wasn’t as omnipresent as he should could have been, but he did come back, so it’s all good.
Melody Hanson appeared in all 65 episodes. Overall, I love her, occasional mental lapses aside. She’s sweet, perky, and fun. I like that in characters – but not so much in people that I hang out with in real life.
Bradley “Brad” Taylor appeared in all 65 episodes. She’s my favorite character, bar none. Sure, she’s rich and kind of snobby – but only kind of. What I love about her is her dedication to her friends and her boss and her…grounded ordinariness. Limitedexceptions aside, Brad was generally calm and didn’t buy into the bullshit. Her favorite pastime was reading. She loved nothing more than to sit down with a good book, a bowl of popcorn, and perhaps a vibrator. She wasn’t particularly outstanding, but she had a quiet warmth about her that I love.
DVD Set Review
Ah, the DVD set from The Shout! Factory. I was so happy when I saw it. Overall, it’s a good set, and it has a bonus feature (an interview with Christine Taylor), which is one more bonus feature than I expected. That said, I wish Shout! could have dug up all of the publicity photos and made a gallery or something. Or tried to get the commercials that aired on Nickelodeon.
There are some video and audio glitches, and I can’t tell if they’re due to tape damage or encoding errors.
Speaking of encoding, Shout! did not make use of the discs’ full capacity. Here are some examples:
On season 1, disc 2, the episodes were encoded at a constant bitrate of 5,000 kbps. The Christine Taylor interview, by contrast, was encoded at a variable bitrate of 7,100 kbps (meaning it topped out at 7,100 but went lower if the content didn’t necessitate as much). I loaded the DVD files into a dual-layer DVD project in Nero (my DVD burning software). What I discovered was, with or without the interview, Shout! could have fit two more episodes onto the disc. That’s how much space that they left unused! Imagine if they’d bumped up the bitrates on those episodes. They would have looked a bit better – maybe a lot better.
They seemed to gradually get better as the seasons went on (the seasons were each originally released separately). Season 2, disc 1, was 5,300 (constant). Season 3, disc 1, was 5,500 (constant); even then, one more episode could have fit. Season 3, disc 2, was 6,000 (constant); again, one more episode could have fit. Season 4, disc 1, was encoded at a variable bitrate of 8,500 kbps. Even then, one more episode could have fit.
The thing is they didn’t even need to fit extra episodes on the discs, because two discs per season makes sense. What doesn’t make sense is all of that unused disc space going to waste.
I have one more complaint about the DVD set. It’s nice that they included an episode guide, but did they have to print it on the reverse of the cover? You can’t read it!
Final Thoughts
“Hey Dude” was the right series at the right time. It had an interesting setting (a dude ranch, not just summer camp). It had a mix of characters from different backgrounds and of different ages. It was funny, goofy, heartfelt, serious, absurd, and, yes, even dumb at times. It was a little wild and a little strange. But it captured our attention. And it’s still remembered today – as Christine Taylor can attest.
It’s been an interesting journey, going back to a childhood favorite and reviewing it an episode at a time. I’m glad that I went back to the Bar None. I got to hang out with some of my childhood friends. That said, I would never actually want to work at a dude ranch. I’m not a manual-labor person, I despise yardwork, I don’t like being out in the sun, and I clean only when I have to. Working at the Bar None wouldn’t be any fun for me. It would be interesting to stay at a dude ranch on a vacation, but that’s not a priority for me.
I can’t guarantee this blog will ever be updated again. That said, stay subscribed. It’s always possible that I might find some obscure video or photo to share – or even get a hold of the original pilot taped at the Tanque Verde Guest Ranch with a different Lucy (that’s what Christine Taylor refers to in her interview on the DVD set, not “Day One at the Bar None“), but I’m not holding my breath on that one.
Also, feel free to continue posting comments. Discuss the episodes and the series in general. Share any information that you find. If you were an extra or guest star or someone else involved in the production, please share your experiences. I want this community to continue.
An Ending…and a New Beginning
So here we are. I’m a bit amazed that I was able to complete this journey. Thank you to all of the readers (whether you’ve commented or not) that have come along with me.
I’ve decided to start up another episode-review blog. I had thought long and hard about what I wanted to review next, from “Clarissa Explains It All” (which I recall watching back in the day, but nowhere near as much as “Hey Dude”, so it’s not particularly nostalgic to me) to “Bubblegum Crisis” (I own the entire franchise on DVD, but I lack the albums, and the music is a big part of the series) to “NASCAR Racers” (a pretty cool series that aired on FOX Kids back in the day) to “W.I.T.C.H.” (another cool series, but there’s a lack of English translations of the extensive Italian comics, the original source material, so comparisons would be lacking) to “Cybersix” (ditto, except Argentinian instead of Italian) to the Mario cartoons (there would have been issues with getting a hold of certain episodes that weren’t released on DVD) to “Sailor Moon” (as much as I love the franchise, it’s much too complex for me to handle) to various Sunbow cartoons (there are issues with episode variants and the DVDs not matching what aired back in the 1980s) to the motherfucking Bible (that seriously needs to be done by someone) – as well as a bunch of other possibilities that came and went very quickly.
Then the answer suddenly hit me one day. I will be tackling the new series, “Riverdale”, which will be airing on The CW starting around January or February of 2017 (according to Wikipedia). It’s based on Archie Comics, and it is, in fact, the first live-action adaptation of the primary Archie characters to make it to series. In short, this is something that many longtime Archie fans – myself included (fan since 1990, one or two years before I discovered “Hey Dude”) – have hoped and waited for, and it’s finally coming. However, you don’t have to wait! The blog is already up, and I will not be reviewing just “Riverdale”, because that would be a sporadic blog! I will also be reviewing other television adaptations of Archie Comics – and even the sole theatrical film so far. In addition to “Riverdale”, the blog will also primarily focus on “The New Archies” (1987) and “Archie’s Weird Mysteries” (1999-2000), usually alternating between the two. In addition, I will review at least one episode each of each of the other Archie Comics adaptations – as well as some other stuff like comics and novels – as a sort of guided tour / sampling of Archie’s history, which will give context for the three primary series. If the blog happens to last long enough (Goddess willing), I might upgrade another series to primary status once I finish one. The Wednesday schedule will continue for now, because that’s comfortable and familiar (just like the characters that I’ll be spending time with) – but also because it’s unknown when “Riverdale” will air at this point. I might have to adjust the review schedule down the road if I need more time to review a “Riverdale” episode, but we’ll get there when we get there.
So now we bid farewell to the characters that we’ve spent sixteen months with, mount our horses, leave the Bar None, and head…to a little town called Riverdale.
A while ago, as I was approaching the end of the series, I decided to search for “Hey Dude” novels and comics, my reasoning being “Well, ‘Saved by the Bell’ had them.” Imagine my pleasant surprise when I came across this on Amazon. I ordered it immediately, of course, and I read it in early July (finishing it on the morning of July 4, when I woke up earlier than usual).
So what is it? It’s essentially a novelization of “Inmates Run the Asylum” (season 3, episode 01) from Brad’s perspective (but written in the third person) with a brief flashback to “Day One at the Bar None” (season 1, episode 01) and a bit of original material thrown in. No completely new story, sorry.
The story portion of the book is 89 pages long, and it’s divided into 13 chapters. It originally retailed for $2.95 ($3.95 Canadian). I got it for one penny plus shipping.
In this review, I won’t summarize the entire plot; instead, I’ll be comparing the novelization to the aired episode, pointing out the differences as I go.
First, though, here’s the blurb from the back cover:
“Hey dude:
showdown at the bar none
Ted in charge? What could be worse! He turns into Attila the Hun with a cowboy hat! Can Brad stop him? And if she does, will she be in charge? Will there be an all-out war at the Bar None Ranch?
Now the only kid cowboy TV comedy is a book! All the wisecracks and adventures of Nickelodeon’s HEY DUDE are here in SHOWDOWN AT THE BAR NONE-with no commercial interruptions! You won’t want to miss it!”
Chapter 1: Emergency Meeting (novel pages 7-16, story pages 1-10)
This is a new scene. Mr. Ernst wakes the entire teen staff up for an “emergency staff meeting” at 5:00 AM. This annoys Brad. Melody is already wide awake and perky, though. We learn Melody has been working at the Bar None since she was thirteen years old, and “there’s never been an emergency”. Melody wakes up early every morning to swim laps in the pool. She gets out of bed and “pull[s] on her bathing suit” (I guess she sleeps naked). She brushes her hair and urges Brad to come the fuck on.
Brad reluctantly drags herself out of bed and puts on her jodhpurs and riding boots. So is Brad wearing anything up top (like a pajama shirt), or does she go to the meeting with her boobs on full display? (I bet the entire “staff” would “perk up” then!)
We learn Brad’s had horses of her own ever since she could walk and is an expert show jumper. She’s never worked before, so this takes getting used to. Yep, the writer’s treating the series (or at least up until “Inmates Run the Asylum”) as one summer.
Brad thinks about her home life versus the Bar None and doesn’t regret coming here for the summer. At home, she’d be lounging around the pool at her parents’ country club every day, treated like a pampered princess by everybody, and coming home at 5:00 AM after a night of hot fucking.
They meet up with Ted and Danny on their way to the main lodge. Ted ribs Brad about her appearance, but Brad has no tolerance for his bullshit. Ted continues yapping. Brad thinks about the “senior staff” thing and how no one knows what it means. She does find Ted cute.
Brad takes in the desert scenery and atmosphere and wonders about the emergency, but no one knows what it’s about. She admires Danny for his skill with horses but doesn’t understand his tolerance of Ted.
Ted and Danny talk about two of Mr. Ernst crazy schemes (which we’ve never seen before): selling replicas of the ranch inside little plastic snowdomes and throwing a “Come as Your Favorite Cactus” theme party for the guests. Melody remarks Mr. Ernst “has some of the dippiest ideas”. Brad likes Mr. Ernst but agrees he’s dippy. Buddy is specifically stated to be 12, and it seems like it’s saying that was his age (not 11) at the time that he and his dad moved out here “from New York”. It seems the horn on Mr. Ernst’s “jeep” (the novel uses the word generically) plays “Home onthe Range” instead of the series’ theme music (as in the series premiere).
When they enter the main lodge, Brad stifles a laugh at Mr. Ernst’s outfit. She observes Buddy is also nerdy and guesses he doesn’t mind his father all that much.
Mr. Ernst thanks them for coming and gets to the point. The scene then conveys the same information about Mr. Ernst’s trip to Reddington as in the scene immediately following the opening theme in the episode. However, here, it’s explicitly stated to be an auction, whereas I had assumed from the episode that it was just a regular sale. Also, it’s next Saturday, which means the novel starts the plot way earlier than the episode.
Anyway, the teens don’t give a shit, and Brad expresses concern about Mr. Ernst’s horse-buying ability as in the episode. Brad doesn’t get to suggest one of them going with him, because Mr. Ernst talks right away about Lucy helping out. We learn Lucy is “chief of staff” and “head wrangler” on the ranch.
Other changes include Mr. Ernst and Lucy planning to stay overnight in Reddington (as opposed to Mr. Ernst having to, because he ran out of gas) and Mr. Ernst having the idea of placing one of them in charge (as opposed to being talked into it). Again, why not pick an adult?
Ted volunteers, and the other teens burst out laughing. Ted claims he’s “worked here longer than any of [them]” and is “a real pro on horseback”. Mr. Ernst agrees, but Brad protests, and then Ted counters. They don’t fight over the keys (obviously), and the dialogue isn’t the same. Mr. Ernst doesn’t even suggest putting Danny in charge.
Ted tries to claim Brad doesn’t know the first thing about ranching and brings up how everyone thought she was a guest when she first arrived. Brad disputes it and lies, so Ted gets Melody to admit even she thought so, which annoys Brad.
As Ted keeps talking, Brad thinks back to the first episode her arrival…
Chapter 2: Brad’s First Day (novel pages 17-25, story pages 11-19)
This is a very condensed flashback to the series premiere. It’s told from Brad’s point of view. She arrives at the ranch. Ted and Brad introduce themselves using their full names (unlike in the episode). Ted mentions he’s senior staff, but there’s no discussion of what that is. Ted doesn’t mention riding, and Brad doesn’t react to it. Ted wants to help her with her luggage, but she refuses, not liking it when guys treat her as if she needs their help all of the time. It’s even worse when they get obnoxious about it. Ted doesn’t fall into the watering trough.
Later, Brad is standing by a window in the main lodge and witnesses Ted and Danny meeting up, which occurs on the porch instead of in the boys’ bunk house. There’s no banter or discussion of fry bread, but the handshake is included. Brad listens in as Ted talks about her. He calls her a tenderfoot and tries to think of a way to impress her. The guys don’t notice her.
Suddenly, they hear a wild neigh coming from the “main corral”. Lucy is the one trying to lead Rocket, who’s referred to as a stallion, into the corral. Ted starts to get an idea, and he and Danny argue over it as they head to the corral.
In the next scene, all of the teens gather in the corral with Lucy – even Brad, dressed in her riding clothes. The continuity of the episode is further altered: Brad had already met Lucy in the main lodge and Melody in the girls’ bunk house. Here, this was before Ted and Danny met up. Melody’s meet-up with the guys isn’t described here. In the episode, Brad and Lucy don’t share any screen time until near the end.
Brad likes both Lucy and Melody, but she doesn’t have much in common with either of them. Lucy is described as being “ten years or so” older than them.
Brad admires Rocket. An “old nag” named Pansy is also here, a good-natured old horse used mostly for children’s pony rides. There’s a conversation between Ted and Danny, which Brad shouldn’t be aware of, because Ted is whispering. Lucy warns Ted against riding Rocket, but here it’s because she overhears Ted discussing riding to impress Brad, not just a general feeling that she has. She heads to the main lodge.
Ted swaggers over to Brad and wants to give her a riding demonstration. Danny introduces himself to Brad using his full name. Brad doesn’t like being typed as a princess by Ted. Ted wants to take up his own “challenge” of riding Pansy, and the others laugh at him. Ted then switches to Rocket on his own instead of Brad challenging him. Melody and Danny protest, but Ted goes through with it.
As in the episode, Rocket throws him off, and he lands in a “mud puddle”.
Danny and Brad rush in and save his ass.
Brad rides Rocket, but here she does it to calm him down, not to show off.
Brad introduces herself as the new riding instructor. She “kind of” likes Ted “in spite of herself”. Ted asks for her help and then pulls her into the puddle.
As you can tell, the novel combines all three corral scenes into one, it cuts out Brad’s meeting with Melody, and there’s no mention of Mr. Ernst or even the fact that the ranch has a new owner. Also, Lucy doesn’t bust them.
The smell of coffee drifting through the open windows brings Brad back to the present. Ted’s still talking. Brad knows breakfast is about to begin, and the meeting will have to end.
Brad and Ted argue again, and it devolves into insults. Mr. Ernst breaks it up and says he has a week to decide. You’ve gotta be shitting me. He called an “emergency meeting” to discuss a relatively minor situation that wouldn’t be an issue for another week? Anyway, he tells them to get to work and please the guests.
The teens leave the main lodge, Brad and Ted upset. Melody and Danny decide to skip breakfast in order to avoid the “battle zone”. Danny invites Melody to hang out in the main lodge (which they’d just walked out of), and the scene abruptly ends (that was odd), but it’s the end of the page, so you don’t know the next page starts a new scene until you start reading it.
Ted and Brad manage to avoid each other at breakfast. Brad goes to the corral to organize the morning ride, and Ted goes to the main lodge to check the duty roster. Danny and Melody are killing time until their (unspecified) activities start in another hour. There’s no one else here except the staff, because all of the guests are busy with activities.
The rest of the chapter is basically the “clumsy Buddy” bit from the cold open of the episode – but moved indoors. Buddy trips down the stairs. Melody helps Buddy to his feet and asks him if he okay (she doesn’t do either in the episode). Brad (who’s not present) doesn’t say “Get a life” to the guys. Melody, not Brad, asks Buddy what’s wrong. Comparing the novel to the episode made me realize I was wrong in my review of “War” (season 5, episode 13). There’s actually one more reference to the “Nightmare on Elm Street” franchise. That makes a total of four, I believe.
Anyway, Buddy is explicitly stated to be wearing a Yankees baseball cap. I guess Bonnie Worth confused his Mets cap (which he doesn’t wear in the episode) for a Yankees cap, but I don’t blame her, because I did the same thing.
Melody, not Brad, asks “What little things?” The novel has the others be silent when they believe Buddy has a point. Melody then comes “to the rescue”. In the episode, Brad just immediately starts talking. Mr. Ernst trips and falls down the stairs, not from the porch. Instead of heading to the Jeep to go on the trip, he just wants Buddy to come along with him, because he wants to tell him about his idea for “a new way to fold newspapers”. Yeah…
Interestingly, they head toward “Lucy’s bunkhouse”. Lucy has her own bunk house? “Ted and Brad Get Handcuffed” (season 1, episode 10) seems to indicate she sleeps in the main lodge, but maybe she was there just to make sure that Brad and Ted didn’t fuck like crazed weasels kill each other.
Buddy laments not inheriting Arnold Schwarzenegger’s genes.
Chapter 4: The Trail Ride (novel pages 32-42, story pages 26-36)
This chapter is entirely new material.
On Sunday morning, early riser Melody comes back from her morning swim. Brad gets out of bed and gets dressed. Melody informs Brad that today’s duty roster has Brad and Ted on an Evening Trail Ride tonight with some horses and about fifteen guests. Brad wants Melody to switch with her, but Melody has to lifeguard at the poolside barbecue (which those fifteen guests aren’t attending, I guess) tonight. Brad wants to find a way out of it. She and Ted still aren’t on speaking terms. Melody gets all romantic about Brad/Ted, and Brad, somehow, doesn’t believe Ted likes her. Where has she been this whole time? Anyway, Melody finally gets Brad to admit Ted is “maybe just a little bit lovable”, but Brad denies liking Ted. Melody doesn’t believe it but doesn’t want to argue.
Brad teaches the children’s riding class all morning long and then goes to Mr. Ernst’s office to try to get out of the trail ride. Mr. Ernst puts her on the spot (we learn she usually does less than her share of chores), so Brad bullshits some horse-related duties that she has to see to. Mr. Ernst tells her that she and Ted are the only ones available for the trail ride, so tough shit.
Brad arrives at the corral in the evening, ignores Ted (who makes a show of praising her in front of the guests), goes to the stable, readies her favorite palomino (Duchess), and joins the others. After a bit in which they answer some questions (which Brad tells them to ask, even though she privately knows she’s not an expert), during which Ted bullshits, they head out during sunset.
As the sun sets, the hot, dry air cools quickly. Night is coming.
Brad bullshits her way through a cactus question, Ted tells a tall tale about Desert Pirates and a haunted cavern, and Brad bullshits about the government performing experiments on aliens in a nearby secret facility. A guest reminds them of dinner (seemingly the one that Melody was too busy lifeguarding to take over on the trail ride for Brad, despite the fact that the guests expect to be back from the trail ride in time for dinner), so Brad wants to head back to the ranch but realizes they’re lost.
Chapter 5: Time to Panic (novel pages 43-49, story pages 37-43)
Brad and Ted bullshit some interesting sights while trying to find the trail – to no avail. It’s getting dark, the guests grumble, and Brad starts to panic. Ted and Brad each accept responsibility for getting them lost, and Brad admits she can’t let anyone outdo her in anything. Suddenly, Ted hears a horse approach. Danny arrives, saying they missed dinner, but Ted plays it cool. Danny leads them back to the ranch, and some of the guests ask him questions. Brad and Ted argue with each other and stop speaking to each other again.
When Brad gets back to the girls’ bunk house, Melody is reading in bed. I wonder if it’s erotica. Anyway, Melody gets all wet thinking about some hot Brad/Ted action, but Brad’s fucking pissed and just strips right in front of Melody. Seriously. She even throws her clothes on the floor, such is her anger. She “stomps” her way into her pajamas, flops onto her bed, and covers herself with her pillow. Melody tries to get her to talk, and Brad tells her about how Ted “nearly” got them lost in the desert. No, Brad, there’s no “nearly” about it, and both of you were to blame. Melody makes a Brad/Ted crack, and Brad throws her pillow at her and tells her to shut the fuck up.
Chapter 6: Who’s in Charge? (novel pages 50-54, story pages 44-48)
This is basically the rest of the scene after the theme song from the episode – but with the change of it being another emergency meeting at 5:00 AM. Also, Lucy is present, and Buddy isn’t. Other than Mr. Ernst, the only ones that are wide awake are Melody, Brad, and Ted. Brad and Ted fight over seats and suck up to Mr. Ernst. There’s no arguing; Mr. Ernst just decides to flip the coin, which doesn’t go under the Jeep. Mr. Ernst gives Ted the master keys, and then Mr. Ernst and Lucy drive off. The rest of the chapter plays out pretty much like the scene in the episode.
Chapter 7: The New System (novel pages 55-62, story pages 49-56)
This is the meeting in “Ted’s” office. Changes include Ted talking to himself about the “big responsibility” of his job, moving the furniture around, and somehow having time to create a “Mr. McGriff” nameplate (instead of a badge).
After the others arrive, Buddy sets up the easel and pad of paper (it was already set up in the episode). Danny nods as a signal to start the humming. Ted’s four-star task isn’t as funny in the novel as in the episode:
Melody doesn’t say Mr. Ernst will be back in a few hours (obviously). Also, we learn Melody is “so used to following the rules” that she can’t even break a “stupid one” and doesn’t want a demerit, which I guess somewhat explains her shock upon receiving one in the scene in the episode.
Chapter 8: Into the Lake (novel pages 63-67, story pages 57-61)
After breakfast, Brad gives her morning riding lesson, despite not being in the mood. As it turns out, the lesson calms her down a bit. One of the children, an eight-year-old girl named Melissa, manages her first jump.
After the lesson, Brad goes to the girls’ bunk house to change out of her riding clothes and into shorts and sandals. She heads toward the ramada for a snack.
On the way, she sees Danny slumped on a wooden bench in the shade of a mesquite tree, and she sits down next to him. The novel then goes through the scene between them at the hay shack in the episode – but moved to this new location. The dialogue is pretty much the same. The major difference is the removal of Buddy and his eye exam (and thus part of his subplot), so Brad gets Ted’s location from Danny. They head to the lake.
“Brad’s jaw was set, her fists were clenched, and her blue eyes flashed.”
We then get the lake scene. I just noticed, in the episode, there’s a bit of an audio glitch when Melody says “Ted, this is boring”, so it sounds like she says “Ted, this is whoring”. Hehehe.
Anyway, the write-and-rip routine is condensed a bit in the novel, and Melody’s cute “parade” comment is removed, but the novel still describes it as a parade in the narration. Ted tries to use a forceful tone. Melody’s line about Mr. Ernst’s return is updated to tomorrow morning, and her reason for stepping in is her duty as a lifeguard, because it’s against the rules to throw people off the dock. Brad says it’s her “personal belief that a dousing in cold water cures some forms of insanity”. Danny adds his grandmother always says it; it’s “an old Hopi remedy”. Buddy doesn’t interrupt to give an update on his dad’s return (obviously). Notably, Brad and Danny blatantly throw Ted into the lake, whereas he just fell off the dock when they and Melody ganged up on him in the episode. Melody doesn’t steal Ted’s citation pad. Ted doesn’t call them traitors.
Melody, Danny, and Brad pass the boathouse on their way back up to the main lodge. Buddy is surrounded by guests that want to rent boats for the afternoon. This really doesn’t have anything to do with the story – except maybe hinting at Buddy taking responsibility for the ranch.
The rest of the chapter is the beginning of the scene in the main lodge from the episode. There are minor – and inconsequential – differences regarding the teens serving the guests (such as the old couple that Danny talks to in the episode being young honeymooners from New York City in the novel and getting a lot of detail).
When Ted comes in, Brad teasingly calls him the Creature From the Black Lagoon (which has been mentionedtwice on the series, including Brad comparing Ted to it once). Brad stage-whispers the part about Ted being kicked in the head by a horse instead of just saying it out loud. Ted seizes the register book from the front desk. He doesn’t converse with the guests. He yells “I’m not moving!” at Danny, who imitates a mental health orderly, instead of Melody. Melody, not Brad, is the one that suggests going into Mr. Ernst’s office to come up with a “fair solution”. Brad follows Ted into the office, grabs the master keys from his pocket, and darts back outside instead of remaining outside as in the episode. This still doesn’t explain how (and I admit I didn’t think of it while reviewing the episode) Ted can be locked in the office.
Oh, and Brad has the stupid habit of calling Ted “Teddykins”. What the fuck? That sounds like something that Veronica Lodge would do.
Chapter 10: Brad Takes Over (novel pages 74-81, story pages 68-75)
This is the rest of the lodge scene from the episode.
Changes include Brad going back to the front desk (and putting the keys on it, which actually makes it easier for Buddy to swipe them) and interacting with a postcard-buying female guest instead of remaining by the office door, the female guest being the one to say she’ll call the police instead of the male guest on the couch, and the deletion of Buddy’s carrot bit (and thus more of his subplot). Melody mentally compares Ted and Brad to the dictators that they learned about in history class. When Ted calls, we hear what Ted asks her, so she doesn’t repeat it. Brad, not Danny, asks Ted what’s going on.
Oddly, Mr. Ernst’s office is described as being surrounded by the porch, whereas we know from the series that this isn’t the case:
We learn Brad plans to lock Ted in the broom closet for the night. Also, hearing a jingling sound, Brad runs out on the porch and sees Ted dangling the keys through a gap in the boards over the window. She then storms back inside the lodge after learning of Buddy’s role. Ted taunts Brad a bit more in the novel, and it makes it sound like there’s no window right next to the office door. Melody says Danny’s one line in addition to her own. Ted calls Brad “Braddikins”. What’s with the stupid nicknames? Buddy letting Ted out of the office (and their banter) is cut, because Brad isn’t present to witness it.
Chapter 11: Revenge! (novel pages 82-88, story pages 76-82)
First, we get the girls’ bunk house scene from the episode. We get a bit of desert atmosphere at the beginning (including a full moon, which actually is not shown in the episode).
It’s mentioned Ted cut off the power to the girls’ bunk house, because him actually doing it was cut from the previous scene. Melody, Danny, and Brad use a flashlight instead of a lantern. Ted and Buddy’s antics (including the continuation of Buddy’s subplot) when they sneak up are cut, but the novel breaks perspective to let us know they’re outside.
Brad’s opening speech, the banter, and the discussion of details are all cut. Brad directly states her plan. The spies don’t attract Brad’s attention until Buddy laughs at the insult that Danny makes in response to Brad’s “liberty” speech (which she still makes, even though it doesn’t work without the lantern). Ted and Buddy duck down low instead of going off to the side, yet they still somehow avoid detection. Brad sees a jackrabbit outside. Backtracking a bit (in the novel), regarding Melody and Brad’s argument, Melody adds she’s getting sleepy, and Brad humorously thinks Melody’s being stubborn by always insisting everything make sense. Before saying they attack at dawn, Brad admits she’s feeling a little jumpy and suggests they get some sleep. Danny leaves for the boys’ bunk house. Brad doesn’t insist they go over the plan one more time.
Next, we get the attack scene from the next day. The talking is cut, but some of Brad’s lines are moved to her thoughts. Ted’s “suspiciously loud” snoring is heard. Brad actually climbs into the office. Ted really is on the couch, and he had the garden hose hidden under the (Navajo) blanket…somehow. Buddy turns on the water full force, and Ted gets Brad, Danny, and Melody wet immediately instead of delaying. Brad has to order Melody and Danny (who have retreated) to come back and attack, and they end up turning on Brad and holding her directly in the line of fire.
After Brad chastises Ted, she silently thinks this never would have happened if she’d been in charge. Melody and Danny’s lines are swapped. She comes up with the plan of action, and he assigns the tasks. Danny doesn’t join Melody in yelling at Brad and Ted. Buddy doesn’t say “Those kids…”, which means less of his subplot.
Brad goes after Duchess first and puts her back in her stable. Ted calls Brad to help him with Rocket. The two of them team up and manage to calm Rocket down and lead him into the corral. (Neither horse was specifically mentioned in the episode, but Rocket’s inclusion here is meant to more fully tie the events of the first episode into this story.) Then they catch the other horses. Ted thanks Brad and says, once in a while, they’re a pretty good team. Brad agrees.
Brad and Ted, not Danny, get the last horse back into the corral. The guests are just coming to “the mess hall” (something that’s never been mentioned in the series, unless it’s the same thing as the never-seen dining room) for breakfast. During her apology, Brad pats Duchess and feeds her a lump of sugar (despite putting her in her stable earlier). Brad and Ted silently admit the shit that they’d caused had been kind of fun. Brad doesn’t suggest, next time, they vote on who’s in charge.
In the main lodge, Buddy is described as wearing one of his father’s Stetson hats.
After the gang comes by, Melody has a new line: she softly admits Buddy’s a lot more responsible than any of them. There’s no discussion of pocket protectors, Danny doesn’t put the hat on Buddy (obviously), and Buddy doesn’t order them back to work.
Chapter 13: Back to Normal-Sort Of (novel pages 92-95, story pages 86-89)
This is the pre-credits scene at the end of the episode. Mr. Ernst’s “jeep” is the red one from the series premiere, not the yellow one from the episode that this novel is based on:
They got one new horse instead of a few. Mr. Ernst doesn’t ask about Buddy’s appearance. Brad and Melody don’t join Ted in trying to dissuade Mr. Ernst from hearing about what went on while he was gone. Instead, he says he’s not too busy this morning and suggests they come into his office and tell him about it. Then he immediately heads to his office, so they have no choice but to follow him, nervous.
In the office, Brad sees Ted’s photo still on the desk and cringes. Melody and Danny rush over to the still-damp wall and stand in front of it while Buddy tries to dry it off with the damp Navajo blanket. Ted discreetly moves the furniture back to their original places. The phone rings, and Mr. Ernst is soon caught up in his work. He smiles and waves the kids away, forgetting what he asked them in here for.
Brad thinks “Saved by the bell” and, while Mr. Ernst is distracted, swipes Ted’s picture from the desk. Brad decides Mr. Ernst will never know about the showdown at the Bar None Ranch, and that’s okay, because what he doesn’t know won’t hurt him.
Final Thoughts
This is an okay novel. It’s nothing great, though. I’m not sure why the author didn’t just write a wholly original story (unless she was mandated to write a novelization), which seems like what she wanted to do.
The new material is okay. The changes to the episode(s), for the most part, are unneeded (and sometimes even nonsensical, such as the garden hose being in Mr. Ernst’s office) and seem to be changes just for the sake of changes. The only change for the better is Brad putting the keys on the desk, because how the fuck did Buddy get them off her in the episode?
Buddy’s subplot was cut down so much (and replaced with a brief new moment that merely hints at his subplot – and only in retrospect at that) that it might as well have been cut entirely if the author didn’t feel like devoting space to it.
I appreciate the novel being from Brad’s perspective, even if that perspective is broken on three separate occasions for no real reason (Brad remembering someone else’s private conversation in a flashback; Brad being absent from a scene that she was present for in the episode, simply because she and Ted are avoiding each other in the novel; and Ted and Buddy outside the window).
As it is, this novel is non-canon, but it’s still undeniably “Hey Dude”. I was hoping for a brand-new canon story, but this is all that we get. It’s worth checking out, and it’s a quick read. Bonnie Worth has also written other books.
Tune in next Wednesday as I take a look back at “Hey Dude” as a whole – and reveal what’s coming up next.
In the cold open, Melody joins Brad for some sunbathing by the lake after hard work (at least, on Brad’s part).
After some banter, they realize they’re not alone.
The guys are attacking them with water balloons from the dock.
After the credits, Buddy is trying to tell Danny something, but Danny is too busy air-guitaring to “I am a Viking“, which I’d never heard of outside this episode, but…what an interesting thing to reference.
Buddy shuts Danny’s portable cassette player off and informs him that the newspaper says “Brainbusters”, the (made-up) national TV game show, is coming to Tucson to look for contestants. This is the first mention of Tucson on the series. After some humorous arguing, Buddy gives Danny two test questions to determine if he could be a contestant, both of which he doesn’t know the answer to. Danny says his knowledge is mostly limited to local nature. We learn the host of “Brainbusters” is Wink Wellman, and there’s also a woman named Tawny Dawn, who Buddy has a crush on. They’ll be giving out autographed pictures of Tawny at the tryouts.
Jake arrives with snacks and sodas. He’s unfamiliar with “Brainbusters”, so Buddy explains it. He asks Jake the same two questions, both of which Jake answers correctly. Danny and Buddy want to train Jake for the tryouts next week, but Jake doesn’t want to do it. He spots a heads-up penny and takes it as a sign of good luck, so he agrees to train for “Brainbusters”.
Later, in the boys’ bunk house, Buddy and Danny are quizzing Jake in a “lightning round”.
We get the clearest view yet of the Calendar of Hell.
Buddy reminds Jake that Buddy gets Jake’s autographed picture of Tawny, whose “really important” job is to read the numbers (pertaining to the question that Wink then asks) off ping-pong balls.
It seems Jake has replaced what was apparently Ted’s Jose Canseco poster with a world map, which fits in nicely with Jake’s love of trivia. I’m not sure who owns the hockey mask, though.
Jake get superstitious about a hat being on a bed being bad luck. He says the same thing about speaking Spanish on Tuesday the 13th, which is Spain’s equivalent of Friday the 13th. Danny makes a funny joke about it.
Okay, so it’s Tuesday the 13th, according to Buddy. According to the Calendar of Hell, the 13th fell on Monday in August of Whenever. So the calendar means precisely shit. It’s probably just something that the guys (or maybe just Danny) keep around for the artwork or something. For what it’s worth, June 13, 1989, and August 13, 1991, were Tuesdays, neither of which make much sense. The next candidate is July 13, 1993. Fine, I’ll take it.
Anyway, Danny is surprised to learn Jake is superstitious, but Jake says he’s “not really”. The break’s over, and Jake advises Buddy to not say “penguin” in months without the letter “r” in them, and, fuck, is this seriously our main plot this week?
Jake doesn’t want to talk about his superstition and has Buddy move on to the next category: aardvarks.
On another day, Mr. Ernst apparently closes off the main lodge to guests (we never see anyone besides the main characters (sans Lucy) in this episode), so they can do a simulated “Brainbusters” episode.
The production crew has a bit of fun in this scene, making it feel like an actual, cheesy game show. What I’m wondering is if this is strictly meta or if some unseen characters are taping this, playing the music, and controlling the spotlight. Maybe the unnamed, random female staff members from previous episodes were pressed into service for this.
As the “contestants” enter the “studio”, we learn some facts about them:
From Tucson, Arizona: Danny Lightfoot.
From Allentown, Pennsylvania: Melody Hanson. Christine Taylor is from Allentown in real life.
Mr. Ernst is playing Wink Wellman and also doing the voice of the announcer, who Danny earlier, perhaps jokingly, referred to as “Jim”.
Brad is, unwillingly, playing Tawny Dawn.
Oh, and Buddy’s also the “judges”.
So how do the contestants do? Danny believes burp gas is responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer. Melody believes cheese causes air pollution. Jake’s the only one to answer the questions correctly. Brad is too stupid to realize the lines under the numbers 6 and 9 indicate which number is which, which allows Buddy to play up Tawny’s supposed importance to the game show. Oh, Buddy wrote the numbers on golf balls instead of ping-pong balls, because fuck me for summarizing this shit.
Anyway, “Wink” calls for a commercial break, Buddy gives the clear, and Mr. Ernst runs off to find a mirror to check his hair. Are they just really into pretending, or is the Blank Slate Brigade really taping this?
Brad asks about Jake’s lucky penny, which he’s tossing. Danny and Melody make fun of each other for their stupid answers. Brad, trying to ignore the stupidity, checks to see if she has any mail. That reminds Mr. Ernst to ask Jake what was in the letter that he got, because that’s totally Mr. Ernst’s business. Jake doesn’t know about the letter. It turns out that Mr. Ernst gave it to Melody, who gave it to Brad, who gave it to Danny, who gave it to Buddy, who gave it back to his dad, who put it in his back pocket and forgot about it.
Jake is really upset at the contents of the letter and blames all of them. He leaves.
Melody discovers it’s a chain letter, and its deadline of Monday the 12th (yesterday) has passed. She’s the only one besides Jake to take it seriously, which proves she’s an idiot.
After the commercial break, Melody is reading the chain letter, and, look, we get an address for the Bar None Ranch! It’s located at 10000 [illegible] Speedway, Tucson Arizona, 85701. Okay, props to whoever wrote it. 85701 is a legit Tucson ZIP code. Speedway Boulevard is a legit Tucson highway. There’s even a 10000 East Speedway Boulevard; however, its ZIP code is 85748. The difference between this address and the 85701 ZIP code is 12.7-15.5 miles and 29-32 minutes, depending on the route. So they fudged a little to not have a real mailing address displayed in the episode, so some business wouldn’t receive mail addressed to fictional characters. Interestingly, Tanque Verde Guest Ranch is located on East Speedway Boulevard as well; it’s 18.0 miles and 37-43 minutes from 85701 and 5.3-7.3 miles and 9-15 minutes from 10000 East Speedway Boulevard. The actual Bar None sets are located on the property of Tanque Verde Guest Ranch, around a mile from the main area.
Anyway, Melody’s freaking out over the letter, because she’s a dumbass. Danny tries to talk some sense into her.
So does Mr. Ernst, who’s setting up a demonstration to disprove superstition to Jake. Mr. Ernst lectures Melody about superstition, but she counters him. Mr. Ernst, pretty humorously, forces Jake to come out of the boys’ bunk house, where he’s been holed up. He comes out with his stupid lucky penny.
Mr. Ernst deliberately spills salt and then blows it toward Jake instead of throwing some over his shoulder.
He also breaks a mirror with a hammer.
Mr. Ernst has a black cat on loan from the pet shop in town.
He carries the cat under the ladder…
…and makes the cat cross his path three times.
Then the cat attacks Mr. Ernst.
Danny knocks over the ladder (which makes me think of “Pain in the Neck” (season 1, episode 13)) on his way to get the cat off Mr. Ernst.
This bit of coincidence makes Jake more convinced than ever of superstition, and he retreats into the boys’ bunk house. The rest of the gang gets the ladder off Mr. Ernst.
The next day (I guess), Danny has called a meeting at the dock. After Melody and Danny insult each other over their stupid answers again, Danny reveals he switched Jake’s lucky penny with a regular penny (while Jake was asleep, Buddy reveals). Melody wants the stupid penny. Brad is confused over why Danny did this, and Melody playfully hits her (this seems to be a thing with Melody). It’s to help Jake get over superstition and try out for “Brainbusters”. He wants to let Jake go a week before telling him. Isn’t that cutting it a little close? The tryouts are next week.
The gang spots Mr. Ernst across the lake, still trying to catch the cat. Oh. I guess this is a subplot.
After the gang has a laugh, Danny (pretty needlessly) explains the rest of the plan, which was obvious. Brad warns against things going wrong making things worse, but Danny doesn’t believe they will.
At lunch or whenever, Jake is walking backwards while carrying a tray of drinks and trips over Mr. Ernst, who’s crawling around while looking for the cat. There is so much wrong with this scenario. The gang warns Jake.
Dumbasses.
Later, back at the dock, Danny insists to Melody that it was just an accident. They argue for a bit over it.
Anyway, they’re here so Brad can learn to fire water balloons (oh, look, the cold open was relevant), which I guess is suddenly one of her ambitions. Danny suggests aiming it across the lake, because there’s nobody there.
This coincidence causes Melody to hit Danny.
Later, in the main lodge, Mr. Ernst is chasing the cat behind the desk and up the stairs.
The gang gives up hope of Jake trying out for “Brainbusters” and starts taking down the “set” from the (unsupervised) front desk. Where are the no-name female staff members when you need them? Oh, wait, we don’t need them, because there are no guests in sight. This silently explains why almost no one has been seen doing any work in this episode.
Buddy laments his missed opportunity to get masturbation material. He and Danny argue over the power of the penny, and Brad is starting to believe in it. Oh, Brad, how could you?!
During his argument with Buddy, Danny sarcastically brings up “Belinda the Good Witch” while tapping Melody on the head. Christine Taylor (completely unironically) had a poster of Glinda the Good Witch of the North in her hotel room during the taping of the series. Now, I have an image in my head of Belinda Carlisle dressed as a witch, which is awesome.
Danny lectures the others about superstitions and gives the penny to Melody when asked for it. Buddy asks for Danny’s toenail clippings but quickly changes his mind. Buddy accidentally spills the golf balls on the floor, and…
Jake demands to know what the fuck is going on.
A convinced Danny unsuccessfully tries to snatch the penny from Melody.
Danny tries to explain what he did to Jake, but Jake knew (how? wasn’t he asleep?), so he switched the pennies before Danny left the bunk (how?!). Seriously, this explanation makes no sense. It would have been more believable if Jake had set up a decoy penny for Danny to steal.
Jake tosses away his penny, convinced it isn’t lucky after the “week” that he had. Week? How many days have passed since he started carrying it?
Jake has realized he’s not this superstitious all of the time – just when he has something important coming up, like a test. He says it’s just his way of getting nervous, and he admits “Brainbusters” made him nervous. Wait. Is he saying nervousness leads to superstition? Because it sounds like he’s saying both superstition and “Brainbusters” independently lead to nervousness.
Jake doesn’t want them to take the set down, because he wants to try out and has less than 24 hours. Oh, I guess it is the following week already.
Mr. Ernst crawls across the floor, angrily looking for the cat, and the gang has a laugh over it.
The next day, a bandaged Mr. Ernst has finally caught the cat, so he calls up Eddie’s Pet World and Auto Parts to inform them that he won’t be keeping her. The phone call is pretty funny, but it’s always bothered me that David Brisbin doesn’t leave enough time for the unheard other person to speak.
Mr. Ernst is about to return “Terror Kitty” to the store when Melody arrives. Jake aced the tryouts, but, since he’s not 18, he’s not eligible. However, they entered him for the teen tournament this spring (shouldn’t it be “next spring”?), which makes Mr. Ernst happy.
Melody explains this seems to have been a big promotional tour for “Brainbusters”, and they neglected to mention Tawny Dawn would be there in person.
Buddy is frozen in orgasmic bliss and making uncomfortable sounds after shaking Tawny’s hand. Apparently, Buddy wouldn’t let go of Tawny’s hand, so, after about twenty minutes or so, they called in the emergency squad, which involved the fire department. Buddy should be back to normal in a few days.
Danny asks Mr. Ernst where he wants Buddy, so Mr. Ernst suggests the window in order to give Buddy a good view. Danny points out the irony of Buddy saying Danny has the brains of a sea sponge. Melody gives the picture of Tawny to Mr. Ernst to hold up for Buddy (another “good view”, I guess), and then they leave father and son alone.
The pre-credits scene at the end has the guys relaxing by the lake as deliberate tempting targets for the girls. Oh, I guess this was a “subplot”, and maybe Brad was thought to use the sling as a build-up to this. Danny expresses doubt of Jake’s plan. Jake asks Buddy about the Tawny incident. Buddy doesn’t remember the “death grip”, which Danny claims they needed the Jaws of Life for.
The shot freezes as Melody splashes the guys. This is only the second time that an episode has ended on a freeze frame (the first being when Ted left). However, that’s not what’s weird about it.
The first two stills during the closing credits are not of moments from earlier in the episode (as is usually the case) but reactions from the girls immediately following the splash. This is definitely atypical and a little weird, but it makes for a nice change of pace. How many times have you seen something like this happen? I wonder what the production reason for this was. Did the scene run long, but they still wanted to show the girls’ reactions? Also, the music of the scene runs into the credits, and then it fades to the closing theme music already in progress. Weird.
So ends another day at the Bar None.
This episode was pretty good. I enjoyed the cat subplot more than the main plot, though. Superstition is real. I’ve encountered it from customers at work. Don’t pick up the penny unless it’s heads. Buy something extra if the total comes to $6.66. It’s stupid, but it’s real.
In the cold open, Brad gets some fruit cocktail for breakfast from Danny. He asks about her riding lesson from yesterday. It went okay, but she’s nervous about an upcoming competition. Melody comes by, yawns, and stretches. Jake asks if she’s secretly got a great nightlife. Melody wishes, but she simply didn’t get much sleep last night. Brad says Melody was tossing like a fish on land. Melody has been having a recurring dream: Mick Jagger jumps into the pool with his guitar. Melody tries to stop him, but she can’t think of the word “electrocuted”. He jumps. She feels really dumb and wakes up. Yeah. So, if you were hoping for an insight into Melody’s subconscious, I hope you’re satisfied.
Lucy returns to the series by bringing the gang mail. Brad gets something for the horse show this week.
Melody and Danny also get stuff. Melody’s mail is a postcard that reads “Dear Melody, Ready or not. Love, Amy” (props to whoever actually wrote it out, although I wish we could see the address clearly), which confuses Melody. Amy is Melody’s friend from home, but Melody doesn’t know what to expect.
Lucy informs us that Mr. Ernst won’t be showing up this week. With Brad getting ready for her competition (and thus being excused from work), things could get busy, so Lucy asks the gang to keep the craziness to a minimum. Melody agrees on everyone’s behalf. Lucy takes Brad away from breakfast (so much for her fruit cocktail) for some extra practice. Jake (who’s apparently already met Lucy off-screen) and Danny believe Lucy worries too much.
What the fuck…?
After the credits, Danny demands to know pretty much that, and Buddy demands to be called “Bud”. It’s his new image, meant to counteract everybody’s perception of him as a “cute, little kid”. Buddy wants to be tough and cool.
After some banter between Jake and Buddy (Jake suggests being a surfer) and Melody and Buddy (dumbass Buddy wrote his fake “MOM” tattoo upside-down, so it looks like “WOW”), Melody shares her saliva with Buddy:
Buddy demands Melody get the fuck out of here. Melody is glad that Mr. Ernst isn’t around to see this. Buddy insists he’s getting a Harley. Yeah, this new “image” of Buddy is our subplot for this episode.
Buddy asks the guys for their opinions. Danny asks why mess with perfection and leaves. Jake pulls the “baby thug” over to inspect his rolled-up sleeve, suspecting a pack of cigarettes.
It turns out to be a bunch of baseball cards, which Jake keeps.
Later, Brad checks a guest in and helps her with her bags. Huh, I guess Brad is doing some work this week.
Melody arrives, and the guest recognizes her. Yep, this is Amy.
Amy is played by Robyn Lynne Raab. “Hey Dude” was her first acting gig, where she’s credited as Robyn Raab. Her second (and final) acting gig was a role in the 1997 film, “Orgazmo”, where she’s credited as Robyn Lynne.
The girls are happy to see each other.
Amy almost didn’t recognize Melody, because they’re not wearing the same clothes. Melody asks Amy what she’s doing here. We learn Melody was the freeze tag champion in the fourth grade. Melody realizes “Ready or not” is followed by “here I come”. Amy’s parents had a conference to go to in Scottsdale, so Amy convinced them to let her visit Melody instead – for an undetermined length of time.
Heh, check out the random, unnamed female staff member working the switchboard behind the desk. Like the others that have come before her, she isn’t credited. The Bar None sure has a lot of female staff members that, presumably, interact with the main gang on a regular basis, yet they (named or, most likely, not) are black slates. We literally know nothing about their relationships with the main characters or each other.
Amy was so bored at home and going crazy, because she missed Melody so much. Melody excuses herself, because she has a pool full of kids that she has to teach junior lifesaving to.
Brad carries Amy’s bags up the stairs and has Amy follow her, although Amy just awkwardly stands around, barely visible in the shot, while Brad has a conversation with Lucy. I like this. It’s realistic to have Amy just stand around while Brad and Lucy talk, because that kind of stuff happens all of the time in real life.
Anyway, Lucy gets on Brad about practicing her jumps, but Brad says she needs someone to cover for her, because it’s nuts here this week. What about that random extra behind the desk? Lucy wishes Mr. Ernst was here to see it this busy. Brad needs someone to spot her for a couple of hours here and there, and Lucy decides to play around with the schedule again to try to help her. Brad thanks her.
However, Amy then makes a proposal.
Later, Melody is using a blowdryer. Nice touch; she would use one after showering, which she would have done after getting out of the pool.
Danny visits and notices something strange. Melody reveals it took her a minute to notice the extra bed. No one has said anything to her about a new bunkmate. While Melody brushes her hair, Danny reveals he met Amy earlier and says she’s kind of cute. Melody says he should tell Amy, because she usually doesn’t think so. Danny is nervous. Melody asks for Danny’s advice, because it seems she has grown apart from Amy (her “habit”) and might not even like her if she met her today.
Before Danny can respond, Lucy and Amy arrive. I believe this is the first time that we’ve seen Lucy without her hat (the brief moment where it gets knocked off in “Ted and Brad Get Handcuffed” notwithstanding), and I like how she looks. Amy is the newest member of the Bar None staff. She says the “Bobbsey Twins” are together again at last, which offers some insight into their childhood reading material. Lucy thanks Amy and leaves. Amy makes her bed. Melody introduces Amy to Danny, who’s a bit nervous but jokes with her (“Why did the cactus cross the road?” “Because it was stuck to the chicken?”). Amy would rather just do her work and then hang out with Melody instead of doing any exploring. Danny nervously excuses himself to go and do some work.
Amy and Melody sit on Amy’s bed to “gab” (Amy’s term). Melody asks what’s going on at home. Amy says it’s “dull as dirt”, because almost everybody’s away. Janet wrote and is having a blast in Italy. Amy heard from “the triplets”, who are fine. It’s nice that we’re getting some details about Melody’s home life and acquaintances, even if it’s not much.
Brad arrives and says Melody and Amy look like “Cathy and Patty”, a reference to “The Patty Duke Show“, which was rerunning on Nick at Nite at the time. Amy thinks it’s great that they dress alike, but Melody tries to bury it in the past. Amy praises Melody’s figure and compares herself to a “glow-in-the-dark Butterball turkey”. Melody disputes it. Brad thanks Amy for covering her shifts. Amy reveals she and Melody have known each other “forever” and calls themselves “Tweedledee and Tweedledum”. If I was Melody, I’d feel a bit insulted. Amy brings up her and Melody’s supposed similarities, which makes Melody uncomfortable. Amy reveals, last year, for the school show, their class (I guess she means Drama class, since this is high school) did “Fiddler on the Roof“, and the two of them got to play sisters, which Amy loved. There was an “obnoxious” (Melody’s term) girl playing the lead, the older sister. She took a prop that they were supposed to use and replaced it with a stuffed pig. Brad guesses they’re the stars of their school, but Amy disputes it and says she did the play solely because Melody did. She says she and Melody are “not big joiners”. She says there are the jocks, nerds, and rich kids, but they don’t need “that group stuff” when they’ve got a “best friend”. Brad always thought of Melody as “president of the class, captain of the team, always involved”. Melody says she is, but Amy quickly tells Brad that Brad just doesn’t know them, and then the “trouble/danger” music comes on, almost like parody of a suspense film. Brad goes back to the corral, and Amy calls her a snob after she leaves, which surprises Melody. Amy calls Brad a “rich snob” and says they “hate that type”. Melody tells Amy that she’s wrong. After a moment, Amy laughs and gets off the bed just as the scene ends.
Later, at the corral, Jake is interviewing Brad’s horse. Yeah.
We learn from Brad that, last time, her horse (it’s a girl) made it over the fence, but Brad landed “elsewhere”. She indicates her left arm/shoulder while she says this. I was hoping she’d indicate her butt. It would have been funnier.
They banter for a bit. Danny asks if “Melody’s friend” is coming out to watch Brad tomorrow. Jake is suddenly interested in Amy. They banter for a bit. Danny is shyly vague about his interest in Amy. Brad is indecisive over whether she likes Amy or not. Danny leaves.
At dinner, Melody brings a guest his steak, and he gets on her case that he’d changed his order. He apologizes when he realizes she’s not Amy.
The guest is played by Dean C. DePew. “Hey Dude” was his sole acting gig. This is his first of two appearances, each time playing (perhaps) the same character.
Melody takes his steak away and keeps a lookout for Amy. I love Melody’s face here. Also, check out that random, unnamed female staff member in the background. Same girl from earlier? I dunno.
Melody comes across Amy and asks her to wear something different, and Amy gets all offended and shit. Melody walks away in frustration.
Amy brings a basket of rolls to two guests and asks them about a “hypothetical” situation that’s exactly like what’s going on between herself and Melody, and Melody overhears this.
Melody brings by a pitcher that she claims Amy forgot. One of the women mistakes Melody for Amy. Melody asks if two people being so alike is weird, but they, in unison, declare it isn’t.
The “grandmothers” are played by Joan Sharp Henning and Bobby Joyce Smith. For both actors, “Hey Dude” was their sole acting gig, and this is their first of two appearances, each time playing (perhaps) the same characters. IMDb fails to credit Bobby Joyce Smith for her appearance in this episode.
Melody leaves, unsatisfied, and almost collides with Amy, who’s still pissed at her.
“Bud”, witnessing this, comes by, helps himself to a chip, and declares “Bad vibes.” Since when do “tough” guys talk like New Agers / Wiccans?
The next day, in the main lodge, Danny informs two guests that he’ll soon be starting his lecture on the western pioneers. The actors aren’t credited.
Melody is on the phone with (an unheard) Mr. Ernst, informing him of things and assuring him that Brad’s horse’s blanket will have “Bar None Ranch” on it, but Brad probably won’t be wearing the room rates on herself (but she’ll check anyway). Melody is vague about Buddy.
Buddy comes by, sits on the counter (the random female staffer completely ignores him), and asks if that was his “old man”. Melody is leaving it to Buddy to reveal the new him to his father. Buddy is pleased that some off-screen people “respect” him. Melody says it’s fear. She also tells him to take a hike – or a bath. Something off-screen gets Melody’s attention, and she walks off. Buddy is the only person to acknowledge the random female staffer’s existence when he asks her opinion on his appearance. She non-reacts to it.
Danny says it’s a little-known fact that the Bar None was a stagecoach stopping point on the trek westward.
Amy arrives and asks Melody for peace, which Melody agrees to. Amy apologizes and admits she was jealous. Apparently, Amy has a video tape of Melody singing “The Way We Were” with Silly Putty on her nose.
Amy admits she’s feeling scared about stuff: school next year, boys, everything. Her parents are on her case like crazy. She needs one of their “ten-hour bull sessions”. Melody agrees. Amy says, after they get off work, she’ll find a huge bag of cookies, and they’ll lock themselves in the bunk, talk, and get crumbs on everything. Melody says they’re all going to Brad’s competition later. Amy protests. Melody suggests Amy come along. Amy says she needs Melody here. Melody already promised Brad that she’ll go, and she really wants to. Amy says she’ll be here only one more day (I guess she got a call from her parents). Amy throws a fit and storms off.
Danny abruptly leaves his group and nervously offers Amy a tour of the ranch, but she says she – and everybody – is busy. Amy leaves.
Melody and Danny are left to bond over their shared membership in the Amy Hates Us Club.
After the commercial break, that evening (why is this competition so late?), Brad is getting ready, and Melody is excited for her and jealous of her appearance. Melody says, when she’s in a swim meet, she ends up looking like a California Raisin. Um, Melody is comparing Brad’s before to her own after. Anyway, apparently, Melody decided to compete in swim meets after dropping out of her would-be first one in “Our Little Champion”. It’s nice to know this is going on “behind the scenes”, but I wish they’d brought it up earlier instead of revealing this whole aspect of Melody’s life in a throwaway comment.
Melody refers to Brad’s appearance as elegant. Brad’s hands are shaking from nervousness, so Melody takes the brush and lovingly brushes Brad’s hair. She gives Brad a pep talk, but Brad is really scared that she’ll fall off again. Melody tries to cheer Brad up.
Meanwhile, Amy is hella jelly, pigging out on cookies and planning on having her own private “bull session”.
Jake pokes his head in through the window and tells Melody to come on. Melody gets her jacket. Jake calls Amy along, too, but Amy passes. Jake offers to buy Amy a horse-like pencil sharpener as a souvenir, which makes Amy laugh briefly, but she still declines. Jake and Melody leave, Amy getting in a shot at Melody.
Later, Amy is sitting outside as Team Brad (the gang plus whatever extras that they could round up) arrives back at the ranch, victorious.
Brad brings up an incident involving “Bud” (“Buddy”, he corrects her). A cute girl had rejected him, because her mom thought he’s too dangerous-looking. Ha. So ends that thrilling subplot.
Jake brings up a humorous incident involving the girl that rode before Brad (he’s wished her and her horse luck before the show, and he told the horse to break a leg, which made the girl nervous). Brad is surprised but finds it amusing. We don’t find out if the horse actually broke a leg or not, though.
Lucy gets them to quiet down, so they won’t wake the guests. She wants to keep the celebration going with a small party in the main lodge. She goes to round up some food.
There’s a nice moment where Jake lets “Superstar” walk in front of him, and Brad says “Bow when you say that”, so Jake bows. Cute!
Melody and Danny go to check on Amy, but Jake warns Danny about Amy. Believing Jake is upset over Amy not falling for him, Danny tells Jake to mind his own business. Jake wishes Danny good luck. This is so odd. I feel like we’re missing something – as if a scene had been cut. The episode is the normal running time, though.
Melody and Amy make uncomfortable small talk before Danny breaks in, inviting Amy to the celebration. Melody tells him that she and Amy really need to talk. Amy suddenly accepts Danny’s offer. Melody, upset, goes inside the girls’ bunk house.
Danny asks Amy if this is a spite date. Amy says she doesn’t know why she’s here and doesn’t want to spoil Danny’s time. Danny has a better idea than going to the party.
On the lake, Danny says he and Melody are sorry that Amy didn’t come to the horse show. Amy doesn’t believe him about Melody. She asks Danny why things have to change. Danny says it’d be pretty boring if they didn’t. Amy laughs but says that’s not a good enough reason.
Danny says she and Melody can still be friends despite their differences.
Amy says she doesn’t know who she is without Melody. I absolutely love this shot, especially the way in which the light moves along Amy’s hair.
Danny says sometimes he’ll go along with or act like somebody, because it’s easier than being himself (is he talking about Ted, maybe?), and he’s not even sure who he is.
Amy says, when they were little, she and Melody made up a contract that said they were honorary twins. Amy still has it. She says, if there’s somebody else just like you, then you can’t be that weird. Danny understands. He says, sometimes, it’s good to have stuff in common with your friends, but he likes somebody for differences and wouldn’t want a whole lot of friends exactly like himself. Amy says she’d want a whole lot of friends like Danny.
Amy says coming to the ranch and trying to barge into Melody’s life here was a mistake. Danny says, if she hadn’t, then they never would have met. Amy is glad that she came. Danny, perhaps not understanding what she meant (she is vague about it), says it’s nice out here, and Amy says it’s a really nice night.
Later, as Danny and Amy return from their date, Melody is waiting outside, pigging out on cookies, and offers them some. They accept. Danny wants to put his cookie under his pillow in hopes of sweet dreams. Amy brings up the possibility of ants. Danny wishes them good night as he nearly trips while walking backwards. The girls wish him good night.
Melody invites Amy to sit. She says, outside her family, Amy is the person that she’s known the longest. She would trust Amy with her deepest, darkest secrets and do almost anything for her, but she won’t give up other friends for her; it’s wrong for Melody to do it, and it’s wrong for Amy to want it. Melody also won’t pretend things are exactly the same. They had met when Melody started second grade in the new school, and the teacher had Amy walk her home, so she wouldn’t get lost. I wish we’d learn the reason behind Melody changing schools. Melody calls it the luckiest day of her life. Recently, Amy’s been afraid that Melody wouldn’t want to be her friend anymore. Melody is surprised and says she always wants them to be friends, but it does have to change – not less, just different. Amy reveals Danny kissed her. Melody is surprised and asks for details.
The pre-credits scene at the end has Melody and Amy showing up for breakfast on the next day. For some reason, Brad isn’t present.
Danny and Amy withhold knowledge of their relationship from a curious Jake.
Melody reveals she and Amy had “a full-blown pig-out” last night. Amy is sick of cookies.
Oh, great, the subplot. Yeah, Buddy’s a nerd now, because of course he fucking is. Jake calls him “a baby Uncle Ernst”. This is kind of similar to Buddy’s “transformation” in “Inmates Run the Asylum” (season 3, episode 01). For some reason, Melody seems to not initially recognize Buddy.
So ends another day at the Bar None.
This episode was a really nice. We got a lot of background info on Melody.
Most of the episode almost seems like an introduction for another new character, but Amy’s just a one-off, which is a shame, because I like her.
Finally, I wish to make it known to all that WordPress’ new composer sucks ass. The interface is different. Images appear in a random order after upload, which makes it a nightmare to locate the one that I need to insert. The script stops running, which causes the images to be unselectable, so I have to close the tab, open a new one, go back to WordPress, go into the Drafts, and pick up where I left off (thank Goddess for the drafts, at least); this happened multiple times. It took me nearly two hours to prepare this post after I finished writing the review. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Search For A Star Programming Finalist Joins d3t
This year our Search For A Star judges overwhelmingly agreed that 2017’s finalists were the strongest we’ve met. These are talented, dedicated students, and we’re ecstatic to continue our previous announcements of successful placements of our Search For A Star finalists!
After scoring strongly in a C++ HackerRank test and impressing round two judges with his game, Cube Invasion (which can be played for free), Neil Osbaldeston, from the University of Central Lancashire, was invited to the Search For A Star Finals Day, where he met his soon to be employer, d3t.
“Search For A Star was a real eye opener for me. I had certain expectations of the competition: it would be tough, I’d have to work hard, but the effort would pay off, and I’m happy to say that it was completely worth it!” said Neil.
The work-for-hire software development and 2D/3D art service company based in Cheshire have worked for clients ranging from the BBC to Sony and SEGA, and are passionate about growing talent in the North West. Neil will be joining the team as he takes a year out from his degree to gain some valuable real world experience, and told us that d3t were the ideal studio for him due to their diverse portfolio of games.
“Neil was selected because of his fantastic academic record and demonstrable work ethic.” Said Technical Director of d3t, Andy Booth, “He’s always gone above and beyond in all his University work, exceled in our off-site technical test and proved a confident communicator and ambitious character during the interview stage.”
d3t joined a number of other studios during our programming finals day, including Playground Games, Sumo Digital, BossAlien and Red Kite Games, saying “We see Search For A Star as a great way of drawing attention to the most promising people.” and urged other studios to get involved in cultivating the young talent that this country produces.
“SFAS is a great opportunity for students to bolster their portfolios, developing something that allows them to express their creativity, and hopefully also get some experience in a technical-interview situation. The finals day is an awesome way to network and make some connections for the time when the job hunt is on!”
As for if Neil had any advice for next years’ students? “For anyone considering entering this prestigious competition and opportunity of a lifetime, all I can say is, be prepared to work hard and don’t be afraid to put yourself out there. The industry is interested in those with passion and drive to succeed and this is a great chance to show that!”
Congratulations to Neil, we’re glad that all your hard work paid off and we hope you have fun at d3t! We’re looking forward to writing about more success stories very soon!
Update 28/6/2017:
Neil spoke to d3t about his new internship as an Intern Programmer.
“I met Andy Booth, d3t’s Technical Director, at the finals day of Search for a Star, and while a short conversation, I felt I gave a good impression as we discussed what d3t was about and what I wanted.”
If you like this, you may also be interested in the following:
A Hearthstone fanatic who also happens to be the Content Manager for Grads in Games. Continuously working to help grads break into the games industry and perfect my chocolate raspberry brownie recipe.
@JoeyRelton | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
A POISONING panic gripped Salisbury again last night as two restaurant diners were taken ill close to where the Skripals collapsed.
Police in bio-hazard suits shut down part of the city centre on Sunday as they dealt with a “medical incident” in a branch of Prezzo.
20 Cops in hazmat suits have sealed off a Prezzo restaurant in Salisbury after a couple fell ill during their meal Credit: SWNS:South West News Service
20 Prezzo is just 300m from the Zizzi restaurant where the Skripals ate before they collapsed from Novichok poisoning in March. Credit: Solent News
They evacuated nearby restaurants and pubs while they investigated why the man, aged in his 40s and woman, aged in her 30s, were taken ill – amid reports from Sky News that one is Russian.
It was initially reported that a source briefed by emergency services said the pair's symptoms were consistent with Novichok poisoning.
However, Wiltshire Police later confirmed that "there is nothing to suggest the nerve agent is responsible".
The major incident was stood down at 12.30am but the cordon remains in place at Prezzo and the pair are still in hospital under observation.
Salisbury police in hamzat suits seal off Prezzo after couple fall ill at restaurant just 300m from Zizzi’s at centre of Skripal poisoning probe
20 PA reported that a source briefed by the emergency services said medics alerted the police because the symptoms were consistent with Novichok poisoning Credit: Solent News
20 But the source stressed: 'The symptoms of Novhichok poisoning and particular types of narcotic abuse are very similar' Credit: Getty Images - Getty
20
The emergency is the latest in a string of Novichok scares following ex-Russian spy Sergei Skripal being poisoned in March and Dawn Sturgess being killed by the nerve agent in June.
Witness Amanda Newton, who says she was sitting next to the couple on Sunday, claims diners will now have to undergo blood tests.
She said: "How on earth did we get caught up in this!!
"A nice meal in Prezzo turns into a major incident as two people sitting next to us take seriously ill and the whole area is closed.
"We are being taken to a safe place and may need blood tests at Salisbury hospital."
20 The emergency is the latest in a string of Novichok scares in Salisbury Credit: PA:Press Association
20 Four ambulances at the scene and a Hazardous Area Response Teams (HART) attended the scene Credit: SWNS:South West News Service
20 Wiltshire Police said a man and a woman had fallen ill in Prezzo Credit: Solent News
20 Tonight's incident is the latest in a string of Novichok scares following ex-Russian spy Sergei Skripal being poisoned in March Credit: Solent News
Russian suspects in Skripal Novichok poisoning say they went to Salisbury as tourists
She later added that diners had been taken to a disused shop where they were still be kept six hours later.
A witness in nearby Cafe Rouge said they could see police bagging something up in the street outside.
The BBC reported a blonde woman is believed to have fallen ill and that her companion had suffered a fit in the toilet.
It is thought she was going to and from her table before becoming hysterical and calling the ambulance.
BBC reporter Peter Cooke tweeted: "A witness who was in Prezzo in #Salisbury during the incident has told the BBC the scene was "like armageddon."
The diner, who did not want to be named, said one of those taken ill was a blonde woman.
"The blonde female appeared to be at the table on her own and kept going away, getting up and coming back again."
The witness added: "When she came back she was hysterical. She called paramedics and the next thing an ambulance turns up and they come rushing in."
1/3: A witness who was in Prezzo in #Salisbury during the incident has told the BBC the scene was “like armageddon.” The diner, who did not want to be named, said one of those taken ill was a blonde woman in her late twenties. — bbcpetercooke (@bbcpetercooke) September 16, 2018
2/3: The blonde female appeared to be at the table on her own and “kept going away, getting up and coming back again.” The witness added: "When she came back she was hysterical. She called paramedics and the next thing an ambulance turns up and they come rushing in“. — bbcpetercooke (@bbcpetercooke) September 16, 2018
3/3: It materialised he [the man who has been taken ill] was up in the toilet. He’d had a fit and they came back in all gowned up with all the white and the masks on.” The witness told the BBC she herself called the police. “Suddenly we had sirens and it was like armageddon”. — bbcpetercooke (@bbcpetercooke) September 16, 2018
20 Alexander Petrov and Ruslan Boshirov bizarrely claimed they visited Salisbury as tourists in their first interview
20 Witnesses at the scene describe seeing a man in a full white body suite complete with a mouth mask. Credit: Solent News
20 Sunday's incident is the latest in a line of scares after ex-Russian spy Sergei Skripal was poisoned in March Credit: Solent News
A South Western Ambulance Service spokesman said the couple were awake when medics arrived and are being treated at the scene but there is no indication of their identity.
They added there were four ambulances at the scene and a Hazardous Area Response Teams (HART) are also there.
Aerial video of work to decontaminate home of Sergei Skripal in Salisbury after Novichok attack as investigation into Russian suspects continues
The HART team provide care to people within a hazardous environment that would otherwise be beyond the reach of NHS care.
Public Health England have confirmed they have been made aware of the incident in Salisbury.
The Italian restaurant is a short walk from Queen Elizabeth Gardens, which was closed until recently due to the death of Dawn Sturgess.
The 44-year-old died in June after handling a perfume bottle used to spray the nerve agent on the front door of Sergei Skripal's home in March.
20 Sergei and Yulia Skripal were both poisoned by Novichok in March this year Credit: Enterprise News and Pictures
Feeling a little apprehensive as Salisbury leaps to action again when 2 Russians are taken I'll in Prezzos showing the same symptoms as before ..... AND WE WERE SITTING NEXT TO THEM ! Now under police supervision waiting for medical team to give us the all clear ! pic.twitter.com/vedFfPot72 — Lifeonpinkwheels (@AmandaWorne) September 16, 2018
20 Prezzo is just 300m from the restaurant where the Skripals ate before falling ill Credit: SWNS:South West News Service
A worker at pub The New Inn said: "Police have been very vague about the whole thing.
"We don't know what's going on.
"As soon as the emergency services turned up people started evacuating.
"We've only got a few customers left."
In a statement Wiltshire Police confirmed they had cordoned off the surrounding area as a precaution following the couple falling ill.
The statement reads: "Police were called by the ambulance service to Prezzo, High Street, Salisbury, at 6.45pm today following a medical incident involving two people - a man and a woman.
20 A South Western Ambulance Service spokesman said the couple were awake when medics arrived Credit: Solent News
20 There were four ambulances sent to the scene and a hazardous Area Response Teams Credit: SWNS:South West News Service
20 Police confirmed on Twitter that they had cordoned off the surrounding area
"As a precautionary measure, the restaurant and the surrounding roads have been cordoned off while officers attend the scene and establish the circumstances surrounding what has led them to fall ill."
According to the Salisbury Journal people inside the old Ale House pub were told they couldn't leave.
Other witnesses at the scene describe seeing a man in a full white body suite complete with a mouth mask.
Sam Proudfoot, 16, said: "There is an ambulance, half a dozen police cars, two incident response units, two fire engines and a dozen police officers interviewing a couple of dozen people.
"There's also a man in a full white body suit with a mask over his mouth. Apparently two people were taken ill in Prezzo."
Trouble in Salisbury again on New Street near the cathedral, no sign of what’s happened but there’s 1 fire engine, 1 ambulance and 4 police cars, a man in a full white body suit with a mouth-mask and police not allowed to tell us what’s happening @BBCNews @SpireFM @SkyNews pic.twitter.com/3XpNVkH9or — Sam Proudfoot (@samproudy01) September 16, 2018
20 Witnesses at the scene describe seeing a man in a full white body suite complete with a mouth mask. Credit: SWNS:South West News Service
A diplomatic row has been sparked after Prime Minister Theresa May accused Russia of being behind the Novichok attack on Sergei and Yulia Skripal.
However, Putin denied the claims and said Russia was not involved despite UK police identifying two Russian suspects.
The latest scare comes just days after suspected Novichok assassins Alexander Petrov and Ruslan Boshirov gave an outrageous interview with Russia today.
In the broadcast alleged spies Alexander Petrov and Ruslan Boshirov said they travelled to the "wonderful" town in Wiltshire after recommendations from pals.
20 Theresa May accused Russia of being behind poisoning the Skripals due to the use of Novichok Credit: Reuters
20 But it caused a diplomatic incident as Putin refuted the claims and denied Russian involvement Credit: Getty - Contributor
most read in news Latest furlough 2.0 Rishi announces furlough plan where workers get 77% pay for doing 1/3 hours STORE TOT SNATCH Family's horror as 'kidnap gang try to rip girl, 1, from pram' in TK Maxx 'WONDERFUL SOUL' Girl, 16, stepped in front of a train while pal watched helplessly LOCK THE BOAT Devon and Cornwall are worst lockdown flouters in the UK, new stats reveal FACE OFF Shocking moment passenger kicked off busy train for not wearing a face mask Exclusive PIERS PRESSURE Couple wiped out village's internet for 18 MONTHS to watch Piers on £30 TV
However, all the facts about Salisbury mentioned by Putin’s alleged hit men appear on the first three paragraphs of the cathedral’s Wikipedia page.
During the chat with the Kremlin-backed news channel, Boshirov said: “Our friends had been suggesting for a long time that we visit this wonderful town.
“There’s the famous Salisbury cathedral, famous not only in Europe but in the whole world for its 123-metre spire and for its clock, one of the first created in the world.”
Social media users have not been fooled by their outrageous barefaced lies pointing out that their statements appeared rehearsed.
Boris Johnson calls Salisbury suspects ‘murderers’ and blasts their ‘ludicrous’ interview on Russian TV
We pay for your stories! Do you have a story for The Sun Online news team? Email us at tips@the-sun.co.uk or call 0207 782 4368 . We pay for videos too. Click here to upload yours. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Infinity
Infinity Systems is a subsidiary of Harmon Kardon (Harmon/Kardon) and focuses on reasonably affordable high-performance home and car audio/stereo products. Harmon Kardon helped to pioneer the high-fidelity audio industry. Within a year of its inception H/K produced the world's first user friendly mono high-fi tuner system which set the standard for many of the features we expect today. We carry Infinity's Kappa and Reference series speakers and subwoofers, amplifiers and marine speakers. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
The suit notes that while this sort of data can be valuable to Bose, selling it to third-parties represents a "wholesale disregard for consumer privacy rights," as well as violating several federal and state laws.
"Indeed, one's personal audio selections -- including music, radio broadcast, podcast, and lecture choices -- provide an incredible amount of insight into his or her personality, behavior, political views and personal identity," the complaint explains.
Bose Connect acts as a companion app to several models of the company's wireless products, including the well-reviewed QuietComfort 35 headphones. The app provides users with the ability to setup and control parts of their audio experience from a smartphone. During the download and install process, the complaint notes "Bose fails to notify or warn customers that Bose Connect monitors and collects -- in real time -- the music and audio tracks played through their Bose wireless products. Nor does Bose disclose that it transmits the collected listening data to third parties."
This isn't the first time a tech company has come under fire around privacy issues. TV maker Vizio settled with the FTC for $2.2 million in February over claims that it analyzed the viewing habits of its users without consent. Personal vibrator maker We-Vibe also settled a lawsuit over privacy concerns and promised to stop collecting user data.
The current lawsuit seeks an injunction to stop Bose from continuing to track personal data and disclose it, as well as actual and statutory damages. We reached out to Bose for a comment on the matter and we will update this post when we hear back. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
150 Ariz. 470 (1986)
724 P.2d 556
STATE of Arizona, Appellee,
v.
Warren C. COOK, Appellant.
No. 6547.
Supreme Court of Arizona, En Banc.
June 25, 1986.
*471 Robert K. Corbin, Atty. Gen. by William J. Schafer III and Diane D. Hienton, Asst. Attys. Gen., Phoenix, for appellee.
Porter & Moon by Robert R. Moon, Kingman, for appellant.
HAYS, Justice.
Appellant, Warren C. Cook, was tried before a jury in November, 1974, for murder, obstructing justice, kidnapping, assault with intent to commit murder, assault with a deadly weapon, and possession of a deadly weapon. The state also alleged prior convictions of aggravated assault and battery. The first trial resulted in a mistrial. In January, 1975, appellant was tried again before a jury solely on the charges of murder and assault with intent to commit murder, both with an allegation of a prior conviction. Appellant was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter, A.R.S. § 13-457 (repealed 1978) and assault with intent to commit murder, A.R.S. § 13-248 (repealed 1978) both with a prior conviction. The trial judge sentenced Cook to concurrent terms of twenty-five years to life on each count. No timely appeal was taken. After a Rule 32 hearing, however, appellant was granted a delayed appeal in April, 1985. This order by the Mohave County Superior Court was based on a finding that the delay in seeking an appeal was not appellant's fault. This court has jurisdiction pursuant to Ariz. Const. art. 6, § 5(3) and Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 13-4031 and -4035. We affirm.
The facts follow. Early on the morning of July 22, 1974, appellant and another man, Harold Juengst, were drinking beer and talking outside of appellant's gas station. The two men began to argue concerning Charles Juengst, Harold's father. Harold testified that appellant referred to Charles Juengst as "that bald-headed son-of-a-bitch" and to Harold as a "hippy." Following this, appellant pulled out a knife. Harold then attempted to call his father on a pay phone and when the coins jammed, appellant used his knife to cut Harold's beard and hair. Appellant and Harold got into appellant's jeep and started to go to Charles Juengst's home. At some point, Harold jumped out and ran to his parents' *472 home, awakened them and told them that appellant was planning to kill Charles Juengst. Charles Juengst called the Mohave sheriff's department.
Deputy Mike Lewis responded to the call. Lewis and Harold Juengst returned together to appellant's service station to gather evidence of the attack on Harold. After they arrived, Lewis was walking in front of the gas station when appellant appeared carrying a gun. Harold testified that Deputy Lewis said, "Put the gun down, it's not that serious." Appellant responded, "I'm going to kill that bald-headed son-of-a-bitch, and you, and everyone else." Appellant then fired the rifle, fatally injuring Lewis. Harold Juengst, who was standing at a distance behind the deputy, turned and ran. Appellant shot Harold, grazing his side. As Harold continued to run, a third shot was fired. Appellant went to his home, obtained another gun and drove to Charles Juengst's home. There, appellant fired a shot through the door, and a second shot through the window of the home. Appellant then went to his son's home and eventually returned to the gas station where he was arrested.
ADMISSION OF OTHER BAD ACTS
First, appellant claims that the testimony concerning the subsequent events at the home of Charles Juengst unfairly prejudiced him. We disagree. The general rule is that evidence tending to show that a defendant has committed certain bad acts, other than those for which he is on trial, is inadmissible. State v. Woods, 121 Ariz. 187, 190, 589 P.2d 430, 433 (1979). However, Arizona has long recognized an exception to the rule: evidence of circumstances which complete the story of the crime is admissible, even though it may reveal that other criminal offenses have been committed. State v. Evans, 110 Ariz. 380, 381, 519 P.2d 182, 183 (1974). "Evidence of other criminal acts is admissible when so blended or connected with the crime of which defendant is accused that proof of one incidentally involves the other or explains the circumstances of the crime." State v. Villavicencio, 95 Ariz. 199, 200, 388 P.2d 245, 246 (1964). On numerous occasions, this court has found no error when evidence of later crimes was admitted to complete the story of the crime. See State v. Via, 146 Ariz. 108, 704 P.2d 238 (1985) (testimony of an alleged marijuana purchase admissible as completing the story, where the state argued defendant's true intention was to use victim's stolen credit cards); State v. Reinhold, 123 Ariz. 50, 597 P.2d 532 (1979) (theft of victim's money completed the story of crime where victim testified defendant used her money after raping her to buy cigarettes and beer before they returned to her apartment). Explanation of events which occur before and after a crime can be admitted in order that the full story be understood. State v. Richmond, 114 Ariz. 186, 194, 560 P.2d 41, 49 (1976), cert. denied, 433 U.S. 915, 97 S.Ct. 2988, 53 L.Ed.2d 1101 (1977).
In the instant case, not only is the substance of the testimony relevant to the state's theory of the case, but it also corroborates Harold Juengst's earlier testimony. Harold testified that appellant said he was going to kill Charles Juengst. Appellant referred to Charles Juengst as a "bald-headed-son-of-a-bitch," both prior to and at the killing of Deputy Lewis. Appellant's actions of going to get another gun, driving to Charles Juengst's home and firing shots into the house, corroborates Harold's testimony that appellant wanted to kill Charles Juengst. This testimony helps the jury to understand what was meant by appellant's statement to Deputy Lewis just before the killing.
Appellant testified that he thought he had shot a burglar, not a police officer. Thus, the events at Charles Juengst's home help to explain the state's theory as to why appellant left the scene of the killing and how he eventually returned and was arrested. The threats against Charles Juengst before the killing of Deputy Lewis and the attempt to carry out those threats immediately after the killing were clearly part of the complete story of the events of that night. The jury was entitled to have the *473 alleged crime, i.e., the murder of Officer Lewis, fixed in the background of the accompanying events. We find no abuse of the trial court's discretion in allowing this testimony to be admitted.
EXCESSIVE SENTENCE
Appellant asserts that the sentence imposed is excessive and was improperly enhanced under § 13-1649 (repealed 1978). In 1975, involuntary manslaughter was punishable by imprisonment not to exceed ten years. A.R.S. § 13-457. Assault with intent to commit murder was punishable by imprisonment for not less than five years nor more than life. A.R.S. § 13-248. Each of appellant's sentences was enhanced through application of the Arizona Recidivist Statute, § 13-1649 of the former code. A.R.S. § 13-1649 was applicable to both counts. State v. Ferrerira, 128 Ariz. 530, 533, 627 P.2d 681, 684 (1981) (A.R.S. § 13-1649 applied to each of 11 counts to enhance sentences). Section 13-1649 read in part:
A. A person who, having been previously convicted for... any offense punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, commits any crime after such conviction, shall be punished upon conviction of such subsequent offense as follows:
1. If for an offense punishable for a first conviction by imprisonment for a term exceeding five years, by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than ten years (emphasis added).
Another statute, A.R.S. § 13-1644 (renumbered A.R.S. § 13-4002, repealed 1978), authorized the court to impose a sentence up to life imprisonment if the statute called for a term not less than any number of years and no upper limit was expressly declared in the statute. As A.R.S. § 13-1649 provided for a term of not less than ten years and did not provide for a maximum sentence, the trial court was authorized under A.R.S. § 13-1644 to impose a life sentence. The twenty-five years to life sentence given appellant for the count of assault with intent to murder was within the statutory range, even if appellant was a first-time offender. We find no abuse of discretion by the trial court in setting the minimum at twenty-five years rather than five years. The sentence of twenty-five years to life for the count of involuntary manslaughter with a prior conviction was also within the statutory range in 1974. Having found that both counts were properly enhanced, we find that appellant's contention that the sentences are illegal and require resentencing or a new trial is without merit.
Appellant claims that the trial court should not have sentenced appellant under the enhancement statute without first having had an adjudication of the fact of a prior felony conviction under State v. McGriff, 7 Ariz. App. 498, 441 P.2d 264 (1968); see also State v. Lopez, 120 Ariz. 607, 608, 587 P.2d 1184, 1185 (1978). We find that the addendum to the information, the appellant's testimony on the stand, and the trial court's minute entry of judgment is sufficient for an "adjudication" in compliance with McGriff. In an addendum to the information, the state alleged that on February 23, 1968, in Mohave County Superior Court, case number 2293, Warren C. Cook was convicted of the crime of aggravated assault and battery, a felony. Attached to the addendum are records from the Superior Court, including fingerprints and appellant's photo, the fact that appellant was represented by counsel, and the judgment and sentence of two to five years in prison.
In addition to the addendum, appellant testified and admitted the prior conviction on the stand. At trial, appellant admitted two counts of aggravated assault or battery, committed in 1968 in Mohave County, and that they were felony offenses. "An admission on cross-examination is surely the strongest evidence available to prove a prior conviction ..." State v. Seymour, 101 Ariz. 493, 495, 421 P.2d 517, 519 (1966). An admission on the stand of a prior felony conviction for the same crime alleged, on the same date alleged, and at the same place alleged, is sufficient to establish the prior conviction. State v. Pacheco, 121 *474 Ariz. 88, 90, 588 P.2d 830, 832 (1978). Also, when the state was prepared to prove the prior convictions with a witness, appellant's counsel said to the court:
Mr. Oehler: If he is here ... and the only relevant reason why he would be here ... is if we deny the prior conviction. I am prepared at this time to stipulate to the prior conviction. The defendant will be testifying and will have to admit on the stand that he has been found guilty pursuant to the Arizona Rules of Evidence of the crime, the date and place and nature.
This clearly shows that appellant and his counsel knew of the prior convictions alleged and intended to admit them on the stand. Additionally, this court has held that when a defendant admits a prior felony conviction on cross-examination, and the prior conviction was alleged by addendum and the state was prepared to prove it, this court may take judicial notice of the records of the Superior Court to determine whether the place and date of the prior conviction agree with the place and date in the addendum. State v. Valenzuela, 109 Ariz. 109, 506 P.2d 240 (1973). In interpreting the earlier version of rule 17, Rules of Criminal Procedure, 17 A.R.S., and sentence enhancement under A.R.S. § 13-1649, we have held that where "the prior conviction was alleged for the purpose of increasing punishment, rather than as `an element of the crime charged,' rule 17 had no application to an admission of the prior conviction." State v. Canaday, 119 Ariz. 335, 336, 580 P.2d 1189, 1190 (1978), citing State v. Gholson, 112 Ariz. 545, 544 P.2d 654 (1976). Thus, we believe the trial court did not err, under the law effective at the time, in determining the prior conviction based on appellant's admission on cross-examination. The trial court needed only to make such a determination and its minute entry of March 7, 1975, is sufficient adjudication of the matter in open court. We therefore find no abuse of discretion and affirm the sentences as within the applicable statutory limits at the time.
WITNESS FALSE TESTIMONY
In a pro per brief, appellant has raised additional issues on appeal. We will address those now. Appellant argues that one witness lied while testifying, resulting in appellant's conviction by perjured testimony. The credibility of witnesses is an issue to be decided by the jury. State v. Reinhold, 123 Ariz. at 59, 597 P.2d at 541, citing State v. Scott, 113 Ariz. 423, 425, 555 P.2d 1117, 1119 (1976). As long as there is evidence supporting the judgment, we will not disturb their determination. Id. Here, the jury believed the witness as evidenced by their verdict. Further, we find the evidence was sufficient to sustain appellant's convictions. Thus, we need not consider the issue further.
PRESENTENCE REPORT
Appellant claims that the presentence report was filled out by his wife. He does not, however, make any allegation that the information contained therein was incorrect or harmful to his case. At the sentencing hearing, the trial judge stated that "favorable" information from appellant's wife was part of the presentence report and that he based appellant's sentence, in part, on this report. As we find nothing to indicate that appellant was prejudiced by the information, we find no error.
Despite this, appellant asserts that he is entitled to resentencing because he never saw the presentence report. First, no evidence was presented which would indicate that he was not afforded an opportunity to read the presentence report. In fact, at the Rule 32 hearing, appellant's attorney testified that his normal procedure is to go over the report with his clients. This raises at least an inference that appellant was shown the report. State v. Stotts, 144 Ariz. 72, 79-80, 695 P.2d 1110, 1117-18 (1985). Second, appellant does not allege that any portion of the presentence report was improper or that it prejudiced him in any way. Third, rule 26.6(a) states in part, "The court shall permit the prosecutor and defense counsel, or if he is without counsel, the defendant, to *475 inspect all presentence ... reports." The record clearly shows that appellant's counsel had a full copy of the presentence report. Appellant was provided a full and fair opportunity to challenge any allegedly improper portions both before and after sentencing. See State v. Mincey, 130 Ariz. 389, 412, 636 P.2d 637, 660 (1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1003, 102 S.Ct. 1638, 71 L.Ed.2d 871 (1984). We find no error.
INITIAL APPEARANCE
Appellant contends that he was drunk at his initial appearance which was several hours after his arrest. However, appellant's own testimony at trial is contrary to this contention. In referring to the time prior to the argument with Harold Juengst, appellant was asked: "Were you intoxicated at that time?" Appellant answered, "No, sir, I'd say I wasn't intoxicated. I think I drank five and a half beers that night." The testimony further shows that appellant did not consume any additional alcohol that night. Thus, we find nothing in the record to substantiate appellant's contention that he was drunk at the initial appearance several hours after he last had the opportunity to consume alcohol. In addition, appellant makes no allegation that he was so drunk that he was unable to comprehend what occurred at the initial appearance. See, e.g., State v. Ferguson, 149 Ariz. 200, 717 P.2d 879 (1986).
Appellant contends that he was denied a right to counsel at his initial appearance before a magistrate. In Arizona, an initial appearance is a proceeding at which a person is advised of his right to counsel and steps are taken toward obtaining counsel for subsequent proceedings. Rule 4.2. Hence, no right to an attorney exists at the initial appearance on the day of the arrest. Appellant's right to counsel, therefore, was not violated.
COMPETENCY OF COUNSEL
Finally, appellant asserts that his attorney did not meet the minimum standards of competency of State v. Watson, 134 Ariz. 1, 653 P.2d 351 (1982), overruled, State v. Lee, 142 Ariz. 210, 689 P.2d 153 (1984). Appellant alleges that his attorney misinformed him concerning the possibility of his receiving the death sentence if granted a new trial on appeal. Initially, we recognize that State v. Watson was overruled in part by this court in State v. Lee, supra. Thus, we must examine appellant's contention in light of this case. In State v. Lee, we stated that in order for a defendant to establish a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel, he must show that "but for the trial counsel's unprofessional conduct, the result of the trial would have been different." Id. at 219, 689 P.2d at 162. See also State v. Nash, 143 Ariz. 392, 398, 694 P.2d 222, 228, cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2689, 86 L.Ed.2d 706 (1985). Appellant has not made such a showing. Appellant was granted a delayed appeal on the basis of his allegation of attorney misinformation. As we are affirming both the judgment of guilt and the sentences imposed by the trial judge, the requisite prejudice is absent.
We have reviewed the record for fundamental error. A.R.S. § 13-4035; Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967); and State v. Leon, 104 Ariz. 297, 451 P.2d 878 (1969). We have found none.
The judgment and the sentences are affirmed.
HOLOHAN, C.J., and CAMERON and FELDMAN, JJ., concur.
Note: Justice FRANK X. GORDON, Jr., did not participate in the determination of this matter.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | FreeLaw |
Post-Tropical Cyclone Maria Public Advisory (Text)
ZCZC MIATCPAT5 ALL
TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM
BULLETIN
Post-Tropical Cyclone Maria Advisory Number 59
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL152017
500 PM AST Sat Sep 30 2017
...MARIA NOW AN EXTRATROPICAL LOW...
...THIS IS THE LAST ADVISORY...
SUMMARY OF 500 PM AST...2100 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...42.0N 43.9W
ABOUT 560 MI...895 KM ESE OF CAPE RACE NEWFOUNDLAND
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...50 MPH...85 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...ENE OR 65 DEGREES AT 32 MPH...52 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...991 MB...29.27 INCHES
WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.
DISCUSSION AND 48-HOUR OUTLOOK
------------------------------
At 500 PM AST (2100 UTC), the center of Post-Tropical Cyclone Maria
was located near latitude 42.0 North, longitude 43.9 West. The
post-tropical cyclone is moving toward the east-northeast near
32 mph (52 km/h). Maria is forecast to continue moving toward
the east-northeast with an increase in forward speed through the
rest of the weekend.
Maximum sustained winds are near 50 mph (85 km/h) with higher gusts.
Gradual weakening is forecast, and Maria will likely dissipate on
Monday.
Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 230 miles (370 km)
from the center.
The estimated minimum central pressure is 991 mb (29.27 inches).
HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.
NEXT ADVISORY
-------------
This is the last public advisory issued by the National Hurricane
Center on this system. Additional information on this system can be
found in High Seas Forecasts issued by the National Weather Service,
under AWIPS header NFDHSFAT1, WMO header FZNT01 KWBC, and available
on the Web at http://www.opc.ncep.noaa.gov/shtml/NFDHSFAT1.shtml.
$$
Forecaster Zelinsky
NNNN | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Experienced and inexperienced health care workers' beliefs about challenging behaviours.
Within a behavioural framework, staff responses to challenging behaviours have been identified as likely to ensure the long-term maintenance of such behaviour. However, little has been done to understand why staff behave as they do. The present paper hypothesized that staff's beliefs about the causes of challenging behaviours may be an important factor in determining staff responses to it. Beliefs about causes of three topographies of challenging behaviour (self-injury, stereotypy and aggression) were elicited from 148 experienced and 98 inexperienced institutional staff and nursing students using a questionnaire measure. Results showed that experienced participants held beliefs that were more consistent with contemporary theories of challenging behaviours than inexperienced participants. Experienced participants also distinguished between the behaviours in terms of their causes. These data were interpreted as reflecting a 'needs-based' rather than a 'functional' approach to intervention for challenging behaviours. Implications for staff training, community living and future research on staff behaviour were briefly considered. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Abstracts |
Q:
Value is not passed after prepareforsegue. Swift
VC that fires perform segue.
It has a backgroundImage with a userImage and a collectionView with images in cells.
import UIKit
class EmojiCollectionVC: {
@IBOutlet weak var backgroundImage: UIImageView!
@IBOutlet weak var emojiCollection: UICollectionView!
var userImage: UIImage!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
backgroundImage.image = userImage
}
@IBAction func dismiss(_ sender: Any) {
dismiss(animated: false, completion: nil)
}
func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, didSelectItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
let cell = collectionView.cellForItem(at: indexPath) as! EmojiCollectionCell
let chosenEmoji = cell.emojiView.image
performSegue(withIdentifier: "backToEmojiVC", sender: chosenEmoji)
}
override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
if segue.identifier == "backToEmojiVC"{
if let destinationVC = segue.destination as? EmojiVC {
if let emoji = sender as? UIImage {
destinationVC.emojiImage = emoji
let data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(userImage)
print("Zhenya: 1 - \(data)")
destinationVC.imageData = data
print("Zhenya: 5 - \(destinationVC.imageData)")
}
}
}
}
}
userImage has an image in it that is displayed.
After pressing the cell, image from it (chosenEmoji) should be passed to EmojiVC, to its emojiImage.
Both prints "Zhenya: 1" and "Zhenya: 5" in prepare for segue print desired value.
The destination VC:
class EmojiVC: UIViewController {
@IBOutlet weak var mainImg: UIImageView!
@IBOutlet weak var emojiImageView: UIImageView!
var imageData: Data!
var imageItself: UIImage!
var emojiImage: UIImage!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
print("Zhenya:3 - \(imageData)")
print("Zhenya:4 - \(emojiImage)")
}
override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
print("Zhenya:3 - \(imageData)")
print("Zhenya:4 - \(emojiImage)")
if imageData != nil {
print("Zhenya:2 - \(imageData)")
let img = UIImage(data: imageData)
mainImg.image = img
} else if imageItself != nil {
mainImg.image = imageItself
}
if emojiImage != nil {
print("Zhenya: \(emojiImage)")
emojiImageView.image = emojiImage
}
}
@IBAction func addEmoji(_ sender: Any) {
let img = mainImg.image
performSegue(withIdentifier: "EmojiCollectionVC", sender: img)
}
}
Both prints Zhenya: 3 and Zhenya: 4 print nil. Data that was set in prepare for segue wasn't passed to them.
Segue backToEmojiVC is performed, but data isn't passed.
I did check - if there are any other segues with same identifiers.
I suspect, that value gets destroyed somewhere or somehow when destination VC appears. Or both imageData and emojiImage are re-initialized with nil values.
What might be the problem?
A:
Went through the code step by step. Copy pasted names of segues instead of typing them. Shit started to work.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | StackExchange |
1. Introduction {#sec1-medicina-55-00408}
===============
Autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition (DSM-5)) as a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders featuring the three main characteristics of impaired communication, social interaction disorder, and repetitive behavior \[[@B1-medicina-55-00408]\]. Autism includes Kanner's autism \[[@B2-medicina-55-00408]\], Asperger's syndrome \[[@B3-medicina-55-00408]\], and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication interaction and restricted--repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities \[[@B1-medicina-55-00408]\]. It is worth mentioning that people without neurological, medical, or psychiatric diagnoses are defined as neurotypical in the autism community \[[@B4-medicina-55-00408]\].
Autism originally affected one in 10,000 in the 1950s, but now affects one in every 58 people in USA and around one in 30 in Korea, being more prevalent in men (4:1) \[[@B5-medicina-55-00408]\], and possibly in recent immigrant populations (i.e., Somali expatriates in Sweden \[[@B6-medicina-55-00408]\]), suggesting some link with industrialization. In this sense, there is a need for the scientific community to discover the root causes of ASD and the complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic, immunological, neurological, and environmental factors that might be contributing to the development and expression of ASD in sensitive populations \[[@B5-medicina-55-00408],[@B7-medicina-55-00408]\].
People with ASD develop several comorbidities, including gut-related comorbidities such as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, increased permeability of the epithelial barrier in the gut, decreased expression of brush border disaccharidases in the gut epithelium, and altered gut microbiota (GM) composition; brain-related comorbidities such as altered expression of tight junction proteins in the blood--brain barrier and increased amounts of activated microglial cells; and other comorbidities such as mitochondrial dysfunction, fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis, and altered metabolite profiles in urine and blood \[[@B8-medicina-55-00408]\].
Among the comorbidities developed by people with ASD, GI symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, commutative diarrhea/constipation, abdominal pain, vomiting, reflux, or bloating are quite common, and they are correlated with the severity of the neurobehavioral disorder \[[@B9-medicina-55-00408]\]. In this sense, people with ASD with GI symptoms exhibit more anxiety problems and other somatic complaints, together with less social interaction than ASD people without GI symptoms \[[@B8-medicina-55-00408]\]. For example, Marler et al. \[[@B10-medicina-55-00408]\] reported that constipation was found to be the most common GI symptom in ASD people, and that there is a connection between rigid--compulsive behavior and the occurrence of constipation. In addition, people with ASD and GI problems also show more tantrums, aggressive behavior, self-injury, and sleep disturbances, which might be an expression of abdominal discomfort \[[@B8-medicina-55-00408]\].
The etiology of GI symptoms in ASD remains unknown, and everything seems to indicate that it is a combination of associated factors \[[@B9-medicina-55-00408],[@B11-medicina-55-00408]\]. However, GI symptoms appear to be due, in part, to dysbiotic GM. In this sense, there is enough scientific evidence regarding the relationship between a dysbiotic GM and the development of diverse chronic diseases such as asthma, intestinal inflammation associated with the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus \[[@B12-medicina-55-00408]\], and other neurodevelopmental disorders \[[@B13-medicina-55-00408]\].
The GM encompasses the set of bacteria that inhabit the (GI) tract. These bacteria have a dynamic symbiotic relationship that is both commensal and mutual throughout the host lifecycle \[[@B14-medicina-55-00408]\]. At present, the microbiota--gut--brain axis is an explanatory model that attempts to relate the symptoms of ASD to the findings in neuroscience and bacteriology; it is defined as a bidirectional communication system between the neuronal, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways, but still requires a better understanding \[[@B15-medicina-55-00408]\].
As discussed before, as GI symptoms can be related to dysbiotic GM, the use of pre/probiotics and microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) as therapeutic tools to treat people with ASD have been gaining greater interest in recent years, as they may help to restore normal GM, reduce inflammation, restore epithelial barrier function, and possibly improve some behavioral symptoms associated with ASD \[[@B16-medicina-55-00408],[@B17-medicina-55-00408],[@B18-medicina-55-00408]\]. For example, Shaaban et al. \[[@B19-medicina-55-00408]\] observed beneficial effects on both behavioral and GI manifestations in Egyptian ASD children with GI symptoms after administering *Lactobacillus acidophilus*, *Lactobacillus rhamnosus*, and *Bifidobacteria longum*, and Kang et al. \[[@B18-medicina-55-00408]\] reported improvements in the microbiome and both GI and ASD symptoms in American ASD children with GI symptoms after MTT. These improvements were sustained at least 8 weeks after treatment. In addition, it has been reported that diet also has a strong correlation with GI symptoms in children with ASD \[[@B20-medicina-55-00408]\], and GM appears to be affected by diet and has a modulatory role in several disease states. For example, besides pre/probiotics, dietary polyphenols, which are often indigestible, may also positively influence GM \[[@B21-medicina-55-00408]\]. In one case, Sprague Dawley rats with hepatic steatosis who were administered a high-fat diet were later given curcumin, which not only restored intestinal barrier integrity (increasing the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occluding), but also markedly altered the overall composition of the GM towards that of lean rats maintained on a normal diet \[[@B22-medicina-55-00408]\]. Of note, a strong correlation between GI symptoms and diet problems in ASD children, especially idiosyncratic feeding behavior, has been also reported, and ASD children suffering from multiple GI symptoms tend to be those who also have dietary problems \[[@B23-medicina-55-00408]\].
Traditionally, characterization of GM has been carried out using culture-dependent techniques. One of the great limitations of these techniques is that it is impossible to ensure that the phenotypic behavior of a microorganism in the laboratory is identical to its behavior in vivo, due in part to the processes of metabolic symbiosis between microorganisms. In addition, the number of microorganisms that can be characterized with this technique is limited \[[@B24-medicina-55-00408]\]. However, the emergence and rapid development of culture-independent or molecular techniques has made culture-dependent techniques nearly obsolete, and the characterization of GM is currently largely carried out using culture-independent techniques, as they allow scientists to easily identify a large proportion of bacterial diversity and provide rapid results \[[@B25-medicina-55-00408],[@B26-medicina-55-00408]\]. This has led to many studies that compare the diversity of the GM of ASD children with healthy controls \[[@B27-medicina-55-00408],[@B28-medicina-55-00408],[@B29-medicina-55-00408],[@B30-medicina-55-00408],[@B31-medicina-55-00408]\], of which a bibliographic review can be carried out. In this sense, several bibliographic reviews about GM and ASD can be found in the scientific literature. For example, Hughes et al. \[[@B32-medicina-55-00408]\] and Liu et al. \[[@B33-medicina-55-00408]\] studied the dysbiosis of GM in ASD, and Andreo-Martínez et al. \[[@B34-medicina-55-00408]\] studied the gut microbes belonging to the Fungi kingdom in people with ASD. In addition, there have been few studies that have analyzed the correlation between GM composition and GI symptoms in people with ASD. For example, in a meta-analysis about GI symptoms in ASD \[[@B9-medicina-55-00408]\], performed on studies published until 2012, there was only one study \[[@B35-medicina-55-00408]\] which reported that GI symptoms in people with ASD were correlated with high levels of *Clostridium* (*p* = 0.001). However, to the author's best knowledge, there have been no bibliographic reviews that have attempted to relate the gut microbes involved in the GI symptoms of people with ASD. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to carry out a systematic review on the studies that have compared the GM of people with ASD and GI symptoms with those of healthy controls, continuing the meta-analysis line of McElhanon, McCracken, Karpen, and Sharp \[[@B9-medicina-55-00408]\], during the last six years, to try to find some bacterial abundance patterns and to identify future research strategies.
2. Materials and Methods {#sec2-medicina-55-00408}
========================
The design of the present systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines \[[@B36-medicina-55-00408]\]. This systematic approach under the PRISMA perspective covers the developments in the field of the GM of people with ASD and GI symptoms by providing critical analysis of key parameters, such as the role that gut microbes play in the GI symptoms of people with ASD, and gut microbe abundance of people with ASD with GI symptoms.
The bibliographic search was performed for works published between 2012 and February 2019, and the four comprehensive databases chosen to carry out the bibliographic search were: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The Boolean strings entered to carry out the search were: (gut\* OR intestine\* OR bowel\* OR gastrointestinal\*) AND (microbiota\* OR microflora\* OR bacteria\* OR microbiome\* OR flora\* OR bacterial\* OR bacteria\* OR microorganism\* OR feces\* OR stool\*) AND (autistic\* OR autism\* OR ASD\*), and the searches included works published in all language. Scopus search options were: title, abstract, and keywords; Web of Science search option was "theme," while for PsycINFO and PubMed, the search option selected was all fields.
The inclusion criteria were: (1) articles with human populations; (2) articles published from 2012 to February 2019; and (3) articles comparing the GM of children with ASD and GI symptoms with those of control groups. The exclusion criteria were: (1) descriptive and systematic reviews; (2) books and book chapters; (3) editorial material, letters to the editor, shorts reports, and proceedings of conferences; (4) animal model and in vitro articles; (5) other diseases; (6) articles studying only metabolites in blood, plasma, or urine; and (7) articles published in a language other than English.
The 1540 works obtained by the four databases were passed through EndNote X7 software (Thomson Reuters, New York, USA) to delete possible duplicated works. According to the PRISMA methodology, A.E.M.-G. and P.A.-M. formed the review team and independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of the works for potential inclusion. These two authors evaluated them according to the inclusion or exclusion criteria, and disagreements on whether a given reference should be included or not were resolved through discussion. In addition, the reference lists of the selected works were also examined in search of potentially relevant papers, not finding any additional article in this step. It is noteworthy that some of the works could be included in more than one elimination group, but the final criteria were agreed by the review team. Finally, a total of 16 articles were found to be eligible for the present systematic review and they are shown in [Table 1](#medicina-55-00408-t001){ref-type="table"}. The risk of bias for each included study was evaluated using the Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews \[[@B37-medicina-55-00408]\]. The forms of bias considered are presented in [Table 2](#medicina-55-00408-t002){ref-type="table"}.
[Figure 1](#medicina-55-00408-f001){ref-type="fig"} shows the process of identifying articles for inclusion in the present systematic review.
3. Results {#sec3-medicina-55-00408}
==========
[Table 1](#medicina-55-00408-t001){ref-type="table"} shows the sixteen studies included in the present systematic review and the results of the analysis of the samples in children with ASD and GI symptoms.
3.1. Assessment of Risk of Bias for Each Included Article {#sec3dot1-medicina-55-00408}
---------------------------------------------------------
The 16 articles were identified and assessed as medium to high quality ([Table 2](#medicina-55-00408-t002){ref-type="table"}). When assessing the quality of selection, the studies presented some limitations in terms of sample size, information on comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders, diet of study participants, blinding of participants and personnel, and mean scores and standard deviations in the analysis of study data. Many of these studies were also open-label trials and relied on qualitative, self-reported questionnaires and surveys to gauge treatment response, inviting potential bias into the studies. There might also be various difficulties experienced by the parents in evaluating these aspects, especially owing to the communication deficits typical of children with ASD. More randomized, controlled studies with a larger study population and the use of clinician scoring may lead to more robust studies and results \[[@B17-medicina-55-00408]\].
3.2. Relationship between GI Symptoms and ASD {#sec3dot2-medicina-55-00408}
---------------------------------------------
Among the 16 articles found in the present systematic review, ten of them performed analysis to try to find correlations between GI symptoms and ASD. Seven articles found statistically significant differences between the occurrence of GI symptoms in children with ASD and healthy controls \[[@B28-medicina-55-00408],[@B30-medicina-55-00408],[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408],[@B44-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\], and three articles found no such differences \[[@B27-medicina-55-00408],[@B39-medicina-55-00408],[@B41-medicina-55-00408]\]. The remaining six articles did not perform statistical analysis to analyze correlations between GI symptoms and ASD \[[@B29-medicina-55-00408],[@B38-medicina-55-00408],[@B40-medicina-55-00408],[@B45-medicina-55-00408],[@B46-medicina-55-00408],[@B47-medicina-55-00408]\].
The most common GI symptom in children with ASD was found to be constipation, results in line with those reported elsewhere \[[@B10-medicina-55-00408]\]. In this sense, five articles reported statistically significant differences in children with ASD suffering constipation compared to healthy controls \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408],[@B44-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\].
3.3. Relationship between Gut Microbe Abundance and GI Symptoms in Children with ASD {#sec3dot3-medicina-55-00408}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three articles tried to find correlations between the GI symptoms of children with ASD and gut microbe abundance \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\]. Two of those articles found correlations between certain gut microbes and GI symptoms, specifically constipation \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\], and irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, aerophagia, and abdominal migraine \[[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\]. In light of those results, some genera of bacteria are involved in constipation, but the results between the studies are not coincident ([Table 1](#medicina-55-00408-t001){ref-type="table"}). The remain article reported no correlation between *Desulfovibrio* and GI symptoms \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408]\].
3.4. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis found in children with ASD and GI Symptoms {#sec3dot4-medicina-55-00408}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seven articles reported statistically significant differences in the presence of GI symptoms in children with ASD compared to healthy controls \[[@B28-medicina-55-00408],[@B30-medicina-55-00408],[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408],[@B44-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\]. These articles also showed significant differences in the abundance of some gut microbes in children with ASD suffering GI symptoms ([Table 1](#medicina-55-00408-t001){ref-type="table"}) compared to their respective control groups. The gut microbes that were found by more than one article to show significant differences in abundance are listed below.
*Candida* was found to be the only gut microbe that showed significantly higher abundance in children with ASD and GI symptoms compared to their control groups by more than one article \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\].
Lower abundance of *Prevotella* \[[@B27-medicina-55-00408],[@B44-medicina-55-00408]\], *Veillonella* \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\], and *Streptococcus* \[[@B44-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\] in children with ASD and GI symptoms compared to their control groups was also found to be statistically significant.
In addition, some gut microbes showed discrepancies at a statistically significant level regarding their abundance in children with ASD and GI symptoms compared to their control groups. Specifically, at phylum level, *Bacteroidetes* \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\] and *Firmicutes* \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\]; at genus level, *Actinomyces* \[[@B44-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\], *Dorea* \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\], and *Lactobacillus* \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408],[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\]; and at species level, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* \[[@B28-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\]. The *Bacteroidetes*/*Firmicutes* ratio also showed discrepancies at a statistically significant level regarding their abundance in children with ASD and GI symptoms compared to their control groups \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\].
3.5. Limitations {#sec3dot5-medicina-55-00408}
----------------
An important limitation of the studies is the absence of a psychometric analysis of the relationship between the severity of behavioral ASD symptoms with GM abundance and GI symptoms. Similarly, none of the studies indicated whether children with ASD presented a diagnosis of intellectual disability, although cognitive difficulties are a determining factor in the severity of ASD symptoms \[[@B49-medicina-55-00408]\].
On the other hand, the present systematic review has the same limitations as other systematic reviews, such as the databases used, the established inclusion/exclusion criteria, database selection, keywords, or time-frame chosen. In addition, the lack of sufficient articles made it impossible to combine the results into a meta-analysis \[[@B9-medicina-55-00408]\].
4. Discussion {#sec4-medicina-55-00408}
=============
The present systematic review found 16 articles that studied the GM in children with ASD and GI symptoms, and, as discussed before, among the 10 articles that analyzed the correlation between GI symptoms and ASD, 7 of them found significant differences. These results are similar to those reported by Adams et al. \[[@B50-medicina-55-00408]\], who found a strong correlation between the 6-GSI score and the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist score (Pearson's correlation coefficient *r* = 0.60; *p* \< 0.001). Those results are also in line with a meta-analysis which included 15 articles comparing heterogeneous groups (siblings, ASD and healthy control) \[[@B9-medicina-55-00408]\]. Among the 15 selected articles, 10, 12, 9, and 8 reported general GI concerns (*p* \< 0.0001), diarrhea (*p* \< 0.0001), constipation (*p* \< 0.0001), and abdominal pain (*p* = 0.016), respectively. In conclusion, there seems to be evidence that there is a greater prevalence of GI symptoms among children with ASD compared with control children.
On the other hand, three studies \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\] analyzed the correlation between gut microbe abundance and GI symptoms in children with ASD and GI symptoms. Although the studies are very promising, there is not yet enough scientific evidence to determine the relationships between gut microbe abundance and GI symptoms in children with ASD, as the gut microbes found to be correlated with GI symptoms in children with ASD were different between the different studies ([Table 1](#medicina-55-00408-t001){ref-type="table"}). In this sense, the results are very premature, and the number of articles found was very low. Therefore, as discussed before, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis of the relationships between gut microbes and GI symptoms in children with ASD \[[@B9-medicina-55-00408]\].
Regarding the abundance of some gut microbes in children with ASD and GI symptoms, *Candida* was found to be more abundant by two studies \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\], *Candida albicans* being the most frequently identified species \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408]\]. In fact, it has been reported that a high abundance of *Candida albicans* can cause lower absorption of carbohydrates and minerals, and can generate higher toxins levels in the GI tract that can contribute to some ASD behaviors \[[@B51-medicina-55-00408]\]. It has been also reported that the immunological responses to *Candida* in the GI tract can be modulated by some *Lactobacillus* species \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B52-medicina-55-00408]\]. In this sense, it is possible that a dysbiotic GM in ASD may lead to a *Candida* population expansion, as can be observed by the lower abundance of *Lactobacillus* found in Italian children with ASD and GI symptoms compared to their control group \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408]\]. However, a higher abundance of both *Lactobacillus* and *Candida* was also found in Italian children with ASD and GI symptoms compared to their control group \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\]. Therefore, these results are not conclusive, and, as can be observed, there is a clear lack of investigation of the whole Fungi kingdom in children with ASD, and little is still known about the role of *Candida* and other types of fungi in both GI and ASD symptoms \[[@B34-medicina-55-00408]\].
Lower abundances of three gut microbe genera (*Prevotella* \[[@B27-medicina-55-00408],[@B44-medicina-55-00408]\], *Veillonella* \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\], and *Streptococcus* \[[@B44-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\]) in children with ASD and GI symptoms were also reported by more than one article included in the present systematic review. Lower abundance of *Prevotella* may act as an indicator of Westernization, and this fact can also result in an altered immune system \[[@B53-medicina-55-00408]\]. In addition, the presence of *Prevotella* together with other *Bacteroidetes* is also associated with colon health, and it has been hypothesized that ASD can be triggered by a dysbiosis where *Prevotella* decreases and *Sutterella* increases \[[@B54-medicina-55-00408]\]. In this sense, the lower abundance of *Prevotella* found in American children with ASD was associated with the presence of ASD symptoms instead of GI symptoms \[[@B27-medicina-55-00408]\]. These authors did not find this association in a later work \[[@B28-medicina-55-00408]\], although they found that GI symptoms were significantly more severe in children with ASD compared to their control group.
*Streptococcus*, together with *Lactobacillus*, *Bifidobacterium*, and *Lactococcus*, are lactate producing bacteria \[[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\]. It is known that children with ASD show elevated levels of both lactate and GI symptoms \[[@B55-medicina-55-00408]\], suggesting an elevation of glycolysis through the phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis in ASD, since the dysregulation of this balance has been also been proposed as a trigger for ASD \[[@B56-medicina-55-00408]\]. In this sense, as *Veillonella* is also able to ferment lactate, a lower abundance of *Veillonella* may also disturb the fermentation of lactate in children with ASD \[[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\]. However, it cannot be stated that the elevated levels of lactate in people with ASD and GI symptoms can be attributed only to the GM, since, as discussed before, there are discrepancies in the abundance of other lactate-producing bacteria, such as *Lactobacillus*. Regarding the implications of *Veillonella* in GI symptoms presented by children with ASD, *Veillonellaceae*, together with *Prevotellaceae*, *Prevotella*, and *Coprococcus*, has been included in a probiotic mixture for treating ASD \[[@B57-medicina-55-00408]\], and it is known that the differences in GM composition (especially in *Veillonella*) of children with ASD may be a consequence of diet \[[@B27-medicina-55-00408],[@B46-medicina-55-00408]\].
The discrepancies found, at a statistically significant level, in the abundance of *Bacteroidetes* \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\] and *Firmicutes* \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\] phyla; *Actinomyces* \[[@B44-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\], *Dorea* \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\], and *Lactobacillus* \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408],[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\] genera; *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* species 28,43\]; and *Bacteroidetes*/*Firmicutes* ratio \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408],[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\] can be explained by several factors such as ASD heterology, age of participants, nature of control groups, sample location, small sample sizes, different nationalities, inter-individual differences, or different bacterial identification methods \[[@B14-medicina-55-00408],[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B53-medicina-55-00408],[@B58-medicina-55-00408]\]. For example, one study used a culture-dependent method to detect *Lactobacillus* \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408]\], and it was found to be less abundant in children with ASD and GI symptoms compared to the control group. However, two studies \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408],[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\] that used culture-independent methods found opposite results, and although some authors have postulated that both methods yield similar results \[[@B59-medicina-55-00408]\], culture-independent methods are relatively new and they are still developing \[[@B26-medicina-55-00408]\]. Another study found a higher abundance of *Dorea* in stool samples of children with ASD and GI symptoms \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\], while other studies found opposite results taken from rectum mucosal biopsy samples, and it is known that the place where the sample is taken can be relevant for mammalian physiology \[[@B14-medicina-55-00408]\], as there are differences in microbial composition between stool and the GM \[[@B60-medicina-55-00408],[@B61-medicina-55-00408]\]. This was confirmed in a larger-scale study showing that the populations recovered in the stool seemed to combine bacteria derived from the mucous membrane and the luminal part of the intestine, either adherent or not adherent to transient organic matter \[[@B62-medicina-55-00408]\]. It is assumed that microorganisms seen in the stool reflect the microbiology of the colon, particularly the descending colon and rectum. Finally, it is important to highlight that there are still existing gaps in knowledge regarding the interactions between the microbiome and the host in vivo---and the pathways of metabolites---and how their metabolites influence the microenvironment. Therefore, further mechanistic studies involving \"omics\" technologies, as adapted from previous studies \[[@B63-medicina-55-00408]\], might help shed light on these questions, and future studies should try to homogenize, as much as possible, the characteristics of the samples to be compared, including the place where the sample is taken from and bacterial detection methods, among others.
5. Conclusions {#sec5-medicina-55-00408}
==============
Although recent scientific literature has provided evidence of the relationship between GI symptoms and ASD, it is still too early to draw a conclusion about the gut microbes involved in GI symptoms of children with ASD, due to the limited number of studies reporting correlations between them. Furthermore, the correlation between certain gut microbes and GI problems do not determine the causality of the symptoms. However, it can be said that children with ASD and GI symptoms show higher abundance of *Candida*, lower abundance of *Prevotella*, *Veillonella*, and *Streptococcus*, and also show discrepancies in the abundance of other gut microbes due to ASD heterology, age of participants, nature of control groups, sample location, small sample sizes, different nationalities, inter-individual differences, or different bacterial identification methods. In addition, we consider that ASD has a wide phenotypic variability, so future studies should consider the relationship between GM, GI symptoms, and behavior of ASD in a more integral and multidisciplinary way. Finally, we argue that future research should homogenize sample characterization in order to develop a meta-analysis on the GM involved in ASD children with GI symptoms.
The authors would like to acknowledge Seonaid McNabb for her English revision.
A.E.M.-G. and P.A.-M. contributed equally to conceive, design, carry out, and write the present systematic review, and they approve the final version of the manuscript.
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
{#medicina-55-00408-f001}
medicina-55-00408-t001_Table 1
######
Characteristics of the selected studies on gut microbiota and children with ASD and GI symptoms.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference Subjects Method Findings Limitations
------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
\[[@B38-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 23) divided into ASD w GI symptoms (12/23) and ASD w/o GI symptoms (11/23)\ HC w GI symptoms (n = 9)\ Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene pan-bacterial (V2 region) on ileal and ceca mucosal biopsy samples\ *Sutterella* ↑ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. HC w GI symptoms (ilea *p* = 0.022/ceca *p* = 0.037) No correlations between GM and GI symptoms were studies ASD severity was not indicated\
Range Age 3--10 y (15/23 aged 3--5 y;\ Range Age 3--10 y (7/9 aged 3--5 y;\ PCR-based detection of *Sutterella* 16S rRNA gene sequences (V6--V8 region and C4--V8 region) on ileal and ceca mucosal biopsy samples Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
6/23 aged 6--7 y;\ 1/9 aged 6--7 y;\
2/23 aged 8--10 y)\ 1/9 aged 8--10 y).\
All males All males
\[[@B39-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 51) divided into ASD w GI symptoms (28/51) and\ NT Sib (n = 53)\ Pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V1--V3 regions) on fecal samples No difference in microbiome between total ASD vs. NT Sib.\ No metabolites were studied Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
ASD w/o GI symptoms (23/51)\ Age 2--12 y\ No difference regarding severity ASD in the bacterial composition.\
Age 2--12 y\ 19 males\ No difference regarding GI symptoms dysfunction in the bacterial composition (No differences within the ASD group compared to both with and without GI symptoms groups)
42 males\ 34 females
9 females
\[[@B27-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD w GI symptoms (n = 20)\ NT w GI symptoms (n = 20)\ Pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V2--V3 regions) on fecal samples\ *Prevotella* (*p* = 0.04), *Coprococcus* (*p* ≤ 0.06) and unclassified *Veillonellaceae* (*p* = 0.04) ↓ in ASD vs. NT.\ No correlations between GM and GI symptoms were studies Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
Age 3--16 y\ Age 3--16 y\ Quantitative real-time PCR for *Prevotella* Microbial changes were more closely linked to the presence of autistic symptoms rather than to the severity of GI symptoms and specific diet/supplement regimens
18 males\ 17 males\
2 females 3 females
\[[@B40-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 23) w or w/o GI symptoms\ HC (n = 9) and\ qPCR for *Sutterella*, *Ruminococcus torques* and *R. gnavus* on fecal samples. *Sutterella* ↑ (*p* = 0.044) in ASD vs. NT Sib.\ No correlations between GM and GI symptoms were studies ASD severity was not indicated\
Age 3--18 y\ NT sib (n = 22) w or w/o GI symptoms\ *Sutterella* ↑ (*p* = 0.05) in ASD vs. HC.\ Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
Unrevealed sex Age 3--18 y\ *Sutterella* ↑ (*p* = 0.047) in NT Sib vs. HC.\
Unrevealed sex *Ruminococcus gnavus* ↑ (*p* = 0.046) in NT Sib vs. HC.\
*Ruminococcus torques* ↑ (*p* = 0.008) in ASD w GI symptoms (n = 9) vs. ASD w/o GI symptoms (n = 14).
\[[@B41-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 59) divided into ASD w GI symptoms (25/59) and\ NT Sib (n = 44)\ qPCR for total bacteria, *Sutterella* subgroup, *Bacteroidetes* subgroup, *Prevotella*, *C. coccoides-E. rectales* subgroup, *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* and *Escherichia coli* subgroup on fecal samples\ No difference between total ASD vs NT Sib in bacterial frequency.\ Increased prevalence of functional constipation GI symptoms in ASD children compared to NT siblings. ASD severity was not indicated\
ASD w/o GI symptoms (34/59)\ divided into NT Sib w GI symptoms (13/44) and NT Sib w/o GI symptoms (31/44)\ Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V1--V2 and V1--V3 regions) on fecal samples Increased prevalence of functional constipation GI symptoms in ASD children compared to NT siblings Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
Age 7--14 y\ Age 7--14 y\
52 males\ 21 males\
7 females 23 females
\[[@B31-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 10) divided into ASD w GI symptoms (9/10) and\ HC (n = 10) divided into HC w GI symptoms (6/10) and\ qPCR for *Bacteroidetes*, *Firmicutes*, *Bifidobacterium*, *Lactobacillus*, *Clostridium* cluster 1, *S. thermophiles*, *Desulfovibrio* on fecal samples *Bacteroidetes*/*Firmicutes* ratio↓ in ASD vs. HC (*p* \< 0.05); ↓ Sib vs. ASD (*p* \< 0.05); ↓ Sib vs. HC (*p* \< 0.05)\ *Desulfovibrio* with ASD severity in the ADI restricted/repetitive behavior subscale score.\ Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
ASD w/o GI symptoms (1/10)\ HC w/o GI symptoms (4/10)\ *Firmicutes* ↑ in Sib vs. HC\ There is a correlation of the autism severity with the severity of GI dysfunction. (*p* = 0.01)\
Age 2--9, 9 males and\ Age 2--11, 10 males *Lactobacillus* ↑ in ASD vs. HC (*p* \< 0.05)\ No correlation of GI symptoms and *Desulfovibrio* abundance.
1 female\ *Bifidobacterium* ↑ in ASD vs. Sib (*p* \< 0.05)
Sib (n = 9) divided into Sib w GI symptoms (7/9) and\
Sib w/o GI symptoms (2/9)\
Age 5--17,\
7 males and\
3 females
\[[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 40) divided into severe ASD (36/40) and moderately severe ASD (4/40)\ NT (n = 40)\ Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V3--V5 regions) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for fungal (ITS1 rDNA region) on fecal samples *Firmicutes*/*Bacteroidetes* ratio↑, *Bacteroidetes* ↓, *Veillonella* ↓, *Alistipes* ↓, *Bilophila*↓, *Dialister*↓, *Parabacteroides*↓ in ASD vs. NT (*p* \< 0.005)\ *Escherichia*/*Shigella* and cluster XVIII with GI symptoms or constipation (*p* \< 0.05) Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
5 constipated\ 11 constipated\ *Lactobacillus* ↑, *Dorea* ↑, *Corynebacterium* ↑, *Collinsella* ↑, *Candida* ↑ in ASD vs. NT (*p* \< 0.001)
29 non-constipated\ 29 non-constipated\
Average age 11.1 ± 6.8\ Average age 9.2 ± 7.9\
31 males\ 28 males\
9 females 12 females
\[[@B30-medicina-55-00408]\] Severe ASD (n = 47) w/o or w GI symptoms\ HC (n = 33) w/o or w GI symptoms\ Examination and culture of fecal samples:\ *Candida* aggressive form (pseudo-hyphae presenting)\ GI symptoms in 70.2% ASDs and no controls, with a mild correlation by multivariate analyses of constipation and alternating bowel versus increased permeability to lactulose. Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
Average age 6 ± 2.8 y\ Average age 7.3 ± 3.1 y\ (a) morphological examination,\ *Candida* ↑ in ASD vs. HC (*p* = 8.67 × 10^−6^)\
40 males\ 24 males\ (b) microscopic examination staining,\ *Lactobacillus* ↓ in ASD vs. HC (*p* = 7.28x10^−4^)\
7 females 9 females (c) search for toxins a/b of *Clostridium difficilis*,\ *Clostridium* ↓ in ASD vs. HC (*p* = 0.01)
(d) bacterial/yeast culture and\
(e) identification of bacteria and yeast colonies by VITEK 2 microbial identification system
\[[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD w GI symptoms (n = 14)\ NT w GI symptoms (n = 15)\ Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V1--V3 and V4 regions) on rectum mucosal biopsy samples *Blautia* ↓ (*p* = 0.02), *Dorea* ↓ (*p* = 0.006), *Sutterella* ↓ (*p* = 0.025) in ASD w GI symptoms vs. NT w GI symptoms\ IBS with ↑ *Clostridium aldenense* (*p* = 0.04);\ ASD severity was not indicated\
Age 4--13 y\ Age 3--18 y\ *Clostridium lituseburense* ↑ (*p* = 0.002), *Lachnoclostridium bolteae* ↑ (*p* = 0.017), *Lachnoclostridium hathewayi* ↑ (*p* = 0.03), *Clostridium aldenense* ↑ (*p* = 0.03), and *Flavonifractor plautii* ↑ (*p* = 0.03), in ASD w GI symptoms vs. NT w GI symptoms and NT w/o GI symptoms\ Functional constipation with ↓ *Flavonifractor plautii* (*p* = 0.03), *Bacteroides eggerthii* (*p* = 0.02), *Bacteroides uniformis* (*p* = 0.04), *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* (*p* = 0.013), *Clostridium clariflavum* (*p* = 0.03);\ Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
14 males 12 males\ *Faecalibacterium prausnitzii* ↑, *Roseburia intestinalis* ↑, *Oscillospira valericigenes* ↑, and *Bilophila wadsworthia* ↑ (*p* \< 0.05) in NT w GI symptoms vs. NT w/o GI symptoms Aerophagia with ↑ *Clostridium aldenense* (*p* = 0.03), ↓ in *Blautia luti* (*p* = 0.003), *Bifidobacterium adolescentis* (*p* = 0.01), *Eubacterium ventriosum* (*p* = 0.05), *Anoxystipes fissicatena* (*p* = 0.02), *Coprococcus comes* (*p* = 0.04), *Eubacterium ramulus* (*p* = 0.006), and *Phascolarctobacterium faecium* (*p* = 0.04);\
3 females\ Abdominal migraine with ↓ in *Akkermansia muciniphila* (*p* = 0.03), *Coprococcus catus* (*p* = 0.007), *Odoribacter splanchnicus* (*p* = 0.05), *Clostridium lactatifermentans* (*p* = 0.03) and *Ruminococcus lactaris* (*p* = 0.03)\
NT w/o GI symptoms (n = 6)\ Serotonin with *Lachnoclostridium bolteae* (*p* = 0.002), *Lachnoclostridium hathewayi* (*p* = 0.003) and *Flavonifractor plautii* (*p* = 0.001)
Age 3--18 y\
6 males
\[[@B29-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD w GI symptoms (n = 33)\ HC w/o GI symptoms (n = 13)\ Selective culture methods for *Clostridium* and for *Clostridium perfringens* strains on fecal samples:\ *Clostridium perfringens* ↑ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. HC (*p* = 0.03) No correlations between GM and GI symptoms were studies ASD severity was not indicated\
Age 2--9 y\ Age 2--9 y\ Brucella and CDC agar.\ Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
Unidentified sex Unidentified sex PCR for *Clostridium perfringens* toxin genes: alpha (cpa), beta (cpb), beta 2 (cpb2), epsilon (ctx), iota (iA), and enterotoxin (cpe)
\[[@B44-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 21) w GI symptoms\ HC (n = 19) w GI symptoms\ Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V1--V3 regions) on duodenal biopsies samples from the second part of the duodenum No differences in microbiome diversity (alpha and beta)\ ↑ frequency of constipation in ASD vs. HC (*p* \< 0.005) ASD severity was not indicated\
Age 14.4 ± 1.1 y\ Age 16 ± 1.2 y\ *Burkholderia* ↑ (*p* = 0.03) and *Neisseria* ↓ (*p* = 0.01) in ASD vs. HC\ Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
19 males\ 10 males\ *Bacteroides vulgatus* ↓ (*p* = 0.005), unidentified *Bacteroides* ↓ (*p* = 0.04), and *Escherichia coli* ↓ (*p* = 0.05) in ASD vs. HC\
2 females 9 females *Oscillospira*, *Actinomyces*, *Peptostreptococcus*, and *Ralstonia* ↑ (*p* \< 0.05) in ASD vs. HC\
*Devosia*, *Prevotella*, *Bacteroides*, and *Streptococcus* ↓ (*p* \< 0.05) in ASD vs. HC
\[[@B45-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 29) w GI symptoms\ HC (n = 17) (30 isolated strains of *Clostridium perfringens*)\ Selective culture method for fecal samples: Columbia blood and reinforced clostridial agar under anaerobic conditions. Hemolysis test, lecithinase, and lipase production on egg yolk agar, and identified with use of ANC cards in VITEK 2 compact. Subcultured in BHI broth and Gene MATRIX DNA Purifi cation Kit by DNA Gdansk for isolation of DN\ The *cpa* gene encoding alpha toxin was present in all 111 (100%) strains\ No correlations between GM and GI symptoms were studies ASD severity was not indicated\
(49 isolated strains of *Clostridium perfringens*)\ Obese children (n = 24) (32 isolated strains of *Clostridium perfringens*)\ Multiplex PCR for toxin alpha (*cpa*), toxin beta (*cbp*), enterotoxin (*ecpe*), iota-toxin (*cpiA*), epsilon toxin (*etx*) genes The *cpb2* gene encoding beta2 toxin was found in:\ Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability\
Age 3.5--18 y\ Unrevealed age and sex 45/49 (91.8%) strains isolated from ASD children, 17/30 (56.7%) strains isolated from healthy subjects (*p* \< 0.001), and 12/32 (37.5%) strains isolated from obese children (*p* \< 0.001)\ A small number of studied patients and strains
23 males\ *Clostridium perfringens* (*cpb2* gene) was detected in:\
9 females 27/29 (93.1%) ASD,\
10/17 (58.8%) HC (*p* \< 0.008), and 11/24 (45.8%) obese children (*p* \< 0.001)\
No differences between HC and obese children (*cpb2* and *Clostridium perfringens* with *cpb2*)
\[[@B28-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD (n = 23) divided into ASD w GI symptoms (21/23) and\ NT (n = 21) divided into NT w GI symptoms (10/21) and NT w/o GI symptoms (11/21)\ Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V2--V3 regions) on fecal samples Gut microbial diversity (alpha) ↓ (*p* \< 0.001) and relative abundances of phylotypes most closely related to *Prevotella copri* ↓ (*p* \< 0.04) in ASD\ GI symptoms were significantly more severe for children with ASD compared to controls (ATEC subscale = *p* \< 0.01) ASD severity was not indicated\
ASD w/o GI symptoms (2/23)\ Age 4--17 y\ *Faecalibacterium* ↓ (*p* \< 0.01) and *Haemophilus* ↓ (*p* \< 0.05) in ASD vs. NT\ Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
Age 4--17 y\ 22 males\ *Feacalibacterium prausnitzii* ↓ (*p* \< 0.01) and *Haemophilus parainfluenzae* ↓ (*p* \< 0.05) in ASD vs. NT
15 males\ 1 female
6 females
\[[@B46-medicina-55-00408]\]\ ASD (n = 30) divided into severe ASD (28/30) and moderate ASD (2/30) w GI symptoms\ HC mostly Sib or blood relatives to the ASD children (n = 24) w/o GI symptoms\ Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V3 region) on fecal samples *Firmicutes* ↑ in ASD vs. HC Sib (*p* \< 0.05)\ No correlations between GM and GI symptoms were studies Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability
Age 3--16 y\ Age 3.5--16 y\ *Prevotellaceae* ↓ and *Veillonelleaceae* ↑ in ASD vs. HC Sib\
28 males\ 15 males\ *Lactobacillaceae* ↑ (*p* = 0.018), *Bifidobacteriaceae* ↑ (*p* = 0.0054), and *Veillonellaceae* ↑ (*p* = 0.008) in ASD vs. HC Sib\
2 females\ 9 females\ *Erysipelotrichaceae* ↑ (*p* = 0.0005), *Enterococcaceae* ↑ (*p* = 0.0127), and *Desulfovibrionaceae* ↑ (p = 0.03) in ASD vs. HC Sib\
BMI 6.9--20.5 BMI 13.4--31 *Bifidobacterium* ↑ (*p* = 0.005), *Lactobacillus* ↑ (*p* = 0.018), *Megasphaera* ↑ (*p* = 0.0008), and *Mirsuokella* ↑ (*p* = 0.007) in ASD vs. HC Sib\
99% of *Lactobacillus* was *Lactobacillus ruminis* in ASD group
\[[@B47-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD w GI symptoms (blood: n = 20, 15 males, 5 females)\ HC w GI symptoms (blood: n = 6, 5 males, 1 female)\ Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V3--V4 regions) on fecal samples *Bacteroidaceae* ↑, *Lachnospiraceae* ↑, *Ruminococcaceae* ↑, and *Prevotellaceae* ↑ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. HC w GI symptoms\ Differences in the microbiome composition of children with ASD vs HC groups, irrespective of GI symptoms ASD severity was not indicated.\
(stool: n = 21, 17 males, 4 females)\ (stool: n = 7, 6 males, 1 female)\ Il-5, IL-15, and IL-17 ↑ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. ASD w/o GI symptoms (after exposure to the TLR-4 agonist LPS)\ Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability\
ASD w/o GI symptoms (blood: n = 26, 19 males, 7 females)\ HC w/o GI symptoms (blood: n = 35, 24 males, 11 females)\ TGFbeta1↓ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. ASD w/o GI symptoms and HC w/o GI symptoms (*p* \< 0.05) (under the majority of conditions examined) Limited sample size and younger age of the HC with GI symptoms group
(stool: n = 29, 25 males, 4 females)\ (stool: n = 34, 32 males, 2 females)\
Age 3--12 y Age 3--12 y
\[[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\] ASD w GI symptoms (n = 35, 29 males, 6 females)\ HC (n = 6, 5 males, 1 females)\ Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene bacterial (V3--V4 regions) on fecal samples. *Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes* ratio↑ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. HC (*p* \< 0.05)\ Positive microbe-based link between periodontitis and ASD\ ASD severity was not indicated.\
Age 3--8 y Age 3--8 y *Bacteroidetes* ↑ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. HC (*p* \< 0.05)\ Negative microbe-based link between type 1 diabetes, constipation (*p* \< 0.05), IBS, psoriasis, and ASD Was not indicated whether the ASD subjects had intellectual disability\
*Firmicutes* ↓ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. HC (*p* \< 0.05)\ A small number of studied patients and strains
*Veillonella*, *Streptococcus*, *Escherichia*, *Actinomyces*, *Parvimonas*, *Bulleida*, and *Peptoniphilus* ↓ in ASD w GI symptoms vs. HC (*p* \< 0.05)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: w = with; w/o = without; ASD = Autism Spectrum Disorder; HC = Healthy control; GI = Gastrointestinal; NT = Neurotypical; NT Sib = Neurotypical siblings; Sib = siblings; y = years; ADI = Autism Diagnostic Interview; DHEA-S = dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate; IBS = Irritable Bowel Syndrome; BMI = Body Mass Index, FAA = Free Amino Acids; NT = HC; ATEC = Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist.
medicina-55-00408-t002_Table 2
######
Review of author judgments on quality assessment for each included study.
Item \[[@B38-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B39-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B27-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B40-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B41-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B31-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B42-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B30-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B43-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B29-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B44-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B45-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B28-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B46-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B47-medicina-55-00408]\] \[[@B48-medicina-55-00408]\]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Clear stated aim 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Appropriate study size 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1
Identified and assessed 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Comparability 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Blinding of participants and personnel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other bias (dietary intake controlled, reports on comorbidity and severity of ASD) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adequate statistical analyses 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
TOTAL 9 10 10 9 9 9 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 10 9 9
Risk of bias 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5
Overall risk of bias M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
0 = Not reported, 1 = not adequately assessed, 2 = adequately assessed; M = Medium (8--10); L = Low (9--14); H = High (7--1).
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Central |
INTRODUCTION
============
As the largest organ in the human body, skin plays a vital role in mediating our daily interactions with the surrounding environment. With a remarkable network of sensors, human skin can perceive external mechanical stimuli (e.g., touch, pressure, strain, vibration) and encode them into physiological signals that are then interpreted by the brain to form sensory feedback ([@R1]--[@R2]). To recreate the properties of human skin, artificial electronic skins (e-skins) have attracted tremendous attention because of their promising applications in robotics, prosthetics, health care, and the Internet of Things ([@R3]--[@R4]). In the past decade, notable progress has been made in this field, especially, incorporating features such as high sensitivity ([@R5]), low detection limit ([@R6]), biocompatibility ([@R7]), self-healing capability ([@R8]--[@R9]), and good stretchability ([@R10]--[@R11]). Looking into these advancements, most of them are realized on the basis of structure engineering (e.g., micropyramids, microcracks, wrinkling, serpentine structures, kirigami structures) and innovations in materials (e.g., nanoparticles, nanowires, two-dimensional materials, conductive polymers, biocompatible and self-healing materials). In addition to these two aspects, innovation in sensing mechanisms is an essential approach to fabricating e-skins with novel properties. Nevertheless, beyond the existing sensing mechanisms (e.g., resistive, capacitive, transistor based, optical, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and piezoionic), sensing mechanism innovation is rarely reported ([@R2], [@R12]--[@R15]).
In the skin's sensory system ([Fig. 1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), cutaneous mechanoreceptors give us the means to perceive external mechanical stimuli via the variation in membrane potential ([@R16]--[@R18]). At rest, the inside of the skin sensory cells is usually more negatively charged with respect to the outside ([Fig. 1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). When external stimuli are coupled with the sensory cells, the mechanically gated ion channels will be opened, allowing migration or flow of ions across the cell membrane ([@R16], [@R19]). This process produces a large upswing in membrane potential ([Fig. 1C](#F1){ref-type="fig"}, depolarization phase). With the mechanical stimuli released, the membrane potential goes back to the initial level by pumping specific ions back across the cell membrane ([Fig. 1C](#F1){ref-type="fig"}, repolarization phase). This mechanotransduction mechanism via the variation in membrane potential provides a highly effective and energy-efficient way to perceive environmental stimuli.
{ref-type="disp-formula"} and [2](#E2){ref-type="disp-formula"}) are used to create a potential difference. Via structural and component manipulation of the electrolyte, the potential difference created between the two electrodes can be gradually altered by applying a force. Thus, external mechanical stimuli can be directly coupled into voltage signal output, just like skin sensory cells coupling mechanical stimuli into membrane potential variation. (**E**) A typical response of the potentiometric sensors when subjected to a mechanical stimulus, which is analogous to the physiological signal generated by the skin sensory cells. (**F**) Response signal of the potentiometric sensors when they are subjected to static and dynamic mechanical stimuli of different magnitudes. Photo credit: X.W., University of California, Berkeley.](aba1062-F1){#F1}
Inspired by the skin sensory behavior, we present here a potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism based on mechanically regulated potential difference measured between two electrodes. When bringing two categories of carefully selected electrode materials \[Prussian blue--modified graphite carbon (PB/carbon) and silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl)\] into contact with an electrolyte containing sodium chloride (NaCl), a potential difference is developed between the two electrodes. Via component manipulation of the electrolyte and creating microstructure on the electrolyte surface, the electrolyte/electrode interface can be regulated by external mechanical stimuli, resulting in a variation in the potential difference measured between the two electrodes. Using this strategy, we can encode mechanical stimuli into potential difference variation, similarly to skin sensory cells coupling mechanical stimuli into membrane potential variation. The device reported here, based on this potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism, does not rely on an external energy source and shows ultralow-power consumption. We recorded less than 1-nW power consumption, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional sensing devices ([@R12]). In addition, the fabricated potentiometric mechanotransducer exhibits a good capability to detect both static and low-frequency dynamic mechanical stimuli, compensating for the limitations of self-powered piezoelectric and triboelectric devices in recording static mechanical stimuli ([@R3], [@R20]). Furthermore, we developed an all-solution processing approach to fabricate high-yield potentiometric devices using all commercially available materials, exhibiting good scalability and cost-efficiency.
On the basis of the proposed potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism, we demonstrate two types of flexible and wearable sensing devices with properties that are challenging to achieve via conventional sensing mechanisms. First, we describe a class of soft and stretchable mechanical sensors with strain-independent sensing performance. When the sensors are subjected to tensile deformation up to 50% strain, the signal output of the sensors remains highly stable (nearly no signal variation) during the whole stretching process. This strain-independent sensing performance is rarely reported, since the resistance variation of conventional sensors upon stretching would affect their performance. These strain-insensitive sensors are highly desired for the manufacturing of fully soft, stretchable, and reliable robots and prostheses. Moreover, we demonstrate a type of e-skin with a single-electrode-mode configuration, which shows great performance by enhancing the sensing pixel density and the data acquisition speed compared with traditional dual-electrode-mode e-skins. These distinctive characteristics (summarized in table S1) of the potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism provide new ways of designing sensors and integrated electronics and contribute to the future development of innovative smart electronic systems.
RESULTS
=======
Design concept of potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism
--------------------------------------------------------------
To imitate the skin's sensory behavior and establish a potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism, we first carefully select two active electrode materials (i.e., PB/carbon and Ag/AgCl) that can generate a potential difference. Specifically, for the PB/carbon electrode, there is an oxidation-reduction equilibrium reaction between Fe^II^ and Fe^III^ ([Eq. 1](#E1){ref-type="disp-formula"}, where A is an alkali cation) ([@R21]). Ag/AgCl is widely used as a reference electrode due to its stable potential, which arises from the oxidation-reduction equilibrium reaction between Ag^0^ and Ag^+^ in a Cl^−^ environment ([Eq. 2](#E2){ref-type="disp-formula"}). Combining these two highly reversible oxidation-reduction equilibrium reactions, a stable potential difference is developed between the two electrodes (fig. S1)$$\left. \text{AFe}^{\text{II}}\text{Fe}^{\text{III}}{(\text{CN})}_{6} + xA^{+} + xe^{-}\leftrightarrow A_{1 + x}\text{Fe}^{\text{II}}{\lbrack\text{Fe}^{\text{II}}{(\text{CN})}_{6}\rbrack}_{x}{\lbrack\text{Fe}^{\text{III}}{(\text{CN})}_{6}\rbrack}_{1 - x} \right.$$$$\left. \text{Ag} + \text{Cl}^{-}\leftrightarrow\text{AgCl} + e^{-} \right.$$
Once the potential difference is generated, the external mechanical stimuli need to be transduced into a continuous potential difference variation. As shown in fig. S1 (A and B), using ionic solution or ionic hydrogel as an electrolyte, the development of the potential difference between the two electrodes is too fast to control due to the low impedance of these electrolytes, which is measured at the magnitude of kilohms. This low impedance is not high enough to regulate the potential difference output between the two electrodes. To realize a continuous mechanotransduction process, component and structural manipulation of the electrolyte is necessary to effectively regulate the potential difference output between the two electrodes. Through modulating the water content of the electrolyte and creating microstructure on the electrolyte surface (figs. S1C and S2 and [Fig. 1D](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), the potential difference output between the two electrodes could be gradually regulated by an external force (figs. S1C and S3D). The detailed mechanism of this potentiometric mechanotransduction process is fully discussed in the Supplementary Materials (see fig. S3). Via this proposed potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism, we can successfully encode external mechanical stimuli into continuous potential difference variation, resulting in mechanotransducers with similar signal output with that of natural skin sensory cells ([Fig. 1, D and E](#F1){ref-type="fig"}).
It is worth pointing out that previously reported devices based on piezoelectric and triboelectric effects ([@R20], [@R22]), variation in electrical double layers ([@R23]), and movement of ions in ionic polymer-metal composites ([@R24]) can also generate voltage signals in response to external mechanical stimuli. Nevertheless, they selectively respond to dynamic stimuli with transient voltage outputs. Devices that use streaming potential ([@R25]) can generate voltage signal as well, but a continuous pressure gradient is needed. In contrast, this potentiometric mechanotransduction process enables us to monitor both static and low-frequency dynamic mechanical stimuli of different magnitudes ([Fig. 1F](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), compensating for the limitations of the devices mentioned above. This potentiometric sensing mechanism makes it possible to create novel devices, such as strain-insensitive sensors and single-electrode-mode e-skins, which are challenging to design and fabricate via the conventional sensing principles. The detailed comparison of this potentiometric sensing mechanism with other sensing mechanisms is presented in table S1.
All-solution--based fabrication of potentiometric mechanotransducers
--------------------------------------------------------------------
To fabricate the potentiometric mechanotransducers, we first sandwich a microstructured ionic composite between the two electrodes, as illustrated in [Fig. 2A](#F2){ref-type="fig"}. Applying a force upon the mechanotransducers will simultaneously increase the contact area between the ionic composite and both of the electrodes. A larger force gives rise to a higher potential difference between the two electrodes, as shown in [Fig. 2C](#F2){ref-type="fig"}. Nevertheless, this sandwich structure is not compact as there is no binding between the ionic composite and the electrodes. In addition, it is difficult to encapsulate the mechanotransducers with this sandwich structure. To address these issues, we use a side-by-side electrode configuration with the microstructured ionic composite placed on top of the two electrodes as illustrated in [Fig. 2 (B and D)](#F2){ref-type="fig"}. After encapsulation with a soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, the mechanotransducers with the side-by-side electrode configuration are very compact and also easy to construct via continuous and scalable processes. The sensitivity of the side-by-side electrode configuration is lower than that of the sandwich structure ([Fig. 2C](#F2){ref-type="fig"}), but we can compensate for this easily by increasing the water content of the ionic composite (fig. S2). Hence, the side-by-side electrode configuration is used in this study.
{#F2}
We develop an all-solution processing approach to fabricate the potentiometric mechanotransducers (fig. S4). Specifically, commercial PB/carbon ink and Ag/AgCl ink are stencil printed on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate in sequence, followed by curing the inks into solid electrodes. For the ionic composite, we select eco-friendly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the polymer matrix and sodium chloride (NaCl) as the ion source. In addition, we incorporate nontoxic glycerol (Gly) into the ionic composite. Gly acts as a humectant and can be used to tune the water content and electrical impedance of the ionic composite (fig. S2). Gly also serves as a plasticizer that can increase the softness of the ionic composite. With the synergy of these two aspects, the sensitivity of the potentiometric mechanotransducers can be easily regulated by adjusting the Gly content. The ionic composite is prepared by casting PVA/NaCl/Gly aqueous solutions onto a micropatterned template. After drying, a microstructured PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composite could be obtained ([Fig. 2E](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). A mesh-molding strategy is used to create periodic microstructure on the PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composite (fig. S5). The microstructure created by this mesh-molding strategy is very uniform and periodic, as shown in [Fig. 2 (F to H)](#F2){ref-type="fig"}. Last, we integrate the printed electrodes and the ionic composite into compact potentiometric mechanotransducers by encapsulating the devices with a thin PDMS layer ([Fig. 2D](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Through this eco-friendly, cost-effective, and all-solution processing approach, we can fabricate scalable and high-yield mechanotransducers.
Response behaviors of potentiometric mechanotransducers
-------------------------------------------------------
The typical response of the potentiometric mechanotransducers when gradually applying a force (the contact area of the applied force is ≈16 mm^2^) on the devices is shown in [Fig. 3A](#F3){ref-type="fig"}. The smooth increase in voltage signal verifies the capability of the mechanotransducers for continuously monitoring external mechanical stimuli. The response performance of the mechanotransducers can be easily modulated by tuning the Gly content in the PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composite ([Fig. 3B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Here, we use a simple equation to evaluate the sensitivity (*S*) of the mechanotransducers: *S* = Δ*V*/Δ*F*, where Δ*V* is the change in voltage output and Δ*F* is the change in the applied force. As shown in [Fig. 3B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}, mechanotransducers fabricated with the ionic composite of PVA/NaCl/Gly/water-32% exhibit the highest sensitivity of 205.5 mV/N in the force range of 0 to 1 N. Subsequently, the signal variation slows down (2.3 mV/N) in the force range of 1 to 10 N. Mechanotransducers fabricated with the ionic composite of PVA/NaCl/Gly/water-16% show a sensitivity of 48.6 and 3.6 mV/N in the force ranges of 0 to 3 and 3 to 10 N, respectively. For the mechanotransducers fabricated with the ionic composite of PVA/NaCl/Gly/water-8%, the sensitivity tends to be constant, exhibiting 9.5 mV/N in the whole force range. This is because Gly can increase the electrical conductance and the softness of the ionic composites. We can further tune the Gly content in the ionic composites to achieve a higher sensitivity or a broader working range. In addition, the sensing performance of the mechanotransducers can be regulated by tuning the microstructure size of the ionic composites (fig. S6), which further enhances the tunability of the devices. The mechanotransducers also exhibit fast response and recovery behavior, with the response and recovery time measured to be ≈71 and ≈106 ms, respectively ([Fig. 3C](#F3){ref-type="fig"}).
{#F3}
As shown in [Fig. 3D](#F3){ref-type="fig"}, when a static force is applied on the mechanotransducers and maintained for 50 s, the recorded voltage signal keeps nearly constant during this period. Piezoelectric and triboelectric sensing devices can also generate voltage signal output, but they cannot be used to record static or slowly varying mechanical stimuli. This potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism provides a new methodology for continuous monitoring of static or slowly varying mechanical stimuli with self-generated voltage output ([Fig. 3, A and D](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), compensating for the limitation of piezoelectric and triboelectric sensing devices in this regard. Besides, the potentiometric mechanotransducers are capable of detecting low-frequency dynamic mechanical stimuli from 0.5 to 2 Hz, as shown in [Fig. 3E](#F3){ref-type="fig"}. These mechanotransducers also exhibit desirable durability in a cyclic test ([Fig. 3F](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) and desirable sensing capability in a long-term continuous operation under ambient condition (fig. S7A). Nevertheless, these devices are not suitable for use at high temperature, as high temperature can break the steady state of the sensor system (fig. S7B). Notably, the power consumption of our potentiometric devices is ultralow and recorded less than 1 nW during the potentiometric measurement, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional sensing devices. This is because the measured potential difference between the two electrodes is self-generated and does not rely on an external power supply. These energy-saving devices are highly desirable for large-scale sensing systems.
Strain-insensitive mechanical sensors
-------------------------------------
Compared with flexibility, stretchability will be a more desired characteristic for the next generation of electronic devices as it can improve the deformability, conformability, and robustness of electronic components ([@R26]). However, developing stretchable mechanical sensors still remains a great challenge because mechanical stimuli cannot be measured independently from stretching-induced interference. Intrinsically stretchable conductive materials ([@R10]--[@R11], [@R27]) are expected to exhibit small conductance change under stretching and can be used to alleviate this issue. However, complicated chemical synthesis or elaborate microphase manipulations are generally needed, and it is still difficult to eliminate the stretching-induced interference completely. Recently, structure engineering of unstretchable materials and devices (e.g., serpentine structures, waving structures, kirigami structures) shows good promise to fabricate stretchable electronics ([@R28]--[@R33]). Nevertheless, this strategy usually involves sophisticated fabrication processes and is also disadvantageous for high-density device integration. These aspects limit their practical and widespread application. Therefore, developing a facile and scalable approach to create mechanical sensors with strain-independent sensing behaviors still remains a great challenge but an exciting goal for creating stretchable electronic systems.
In this work, instead of structure or material innovations, we propose a new sensing mechanism (i.e., potentiometric mechanotransduction) to fabricate strain-insensitive mechanical sensors by combining the potentiometric mechanotransducers with elastic conductors. The operating principle of the stretchable sensors is illustrated in [Fig. 4A](#F4){ref-type="fig"}. In principle, the potential difference between the two electrodes is measured as an open-circuit potential. For the open-circuit potential measurement, a huge resistor (*R*~∞~) is connected with the circuit, and the voltage measurement is performed across *R*~∞~. This setup ensures the generated voltage in the sensors drops primarily across *R*~∞~. During stretching deformation, the resistance variation of the elastic conductors (*R*~1~) can be neglected in comparison with the *R*~∞~ and will not cause an impact on the overall resistance of the entire circuit loop. Hence, these potentiometric mechanical sensors can work independently from stretching deformation.
{#F4}
The design layout of the stretchable sensors is shown in [Fig. 4B](#F4){ref-type="fig"}, and the fabrication process is illustrated in fig. S8. The fabricated sensors exhibit good softness, flexibility, and stretchability, as presented in [Fig. 4C](#F4){ref-type="fig"} and fig. S9. In the following, the strain insensitivity of the stretchable mechanical sensors is systematically investigated. Because there are two critical factors (i.e., the applied force on the sensors and the stretching deformation of the sensors) during characterizing the strain insensitivity and it is difficult to vary the applied force and the applied strain simultaneously, we need to fix one parameter and vary the other one to evaluate the independence between them.
First, by fixing a force on the sensors and then varying the applied strain, we investigated the effect of stretching interference on the stability of the sensor signal output (fig. S10A). As shown in [Fig. 4D](#F4){ref-type="fig"}, we first apply a constant force on the sensors to generate a signal output (phase i). Then, the sensors are gradually stretched to 50% strain (phase ii), followed by releasing the strain (phase iii). As shown in fig. S10C, during stretching the sensors to 50% strain, the resistance of the elastic conductors increases remarkably, exhibiting a relative resistance change of 31.0%. However, the measured voltage signal of the potentiometric sensors keeps highly stable with nearly no signal variation (only ≈0.56% relative signal change; [Fig. 4D](#F4){ref-type="fig"}, inset), exhibiting a strain-independent sensing behavior (see movie S1 for real-time demonstration). As a comparison experiment, we replaced the potentiometric mechanotransducer with a resistive mechanotransducer and kept all other components the same (as described in fig. S11), thus fabricating a stretchable resistive sensor. As shown in [Fig. 4E](#F4){ref-type="fig"}, when the resistive sensor is subjected to stretching (phase ii) and releasing (phase iii) processes, the detected signal exhibits a prominent variation (≈21.3% relative change).
On the other hand, by preapplying a strain on the sensors and then varying the applied force, we investigated the force sensing behaviors of the sensors under different strains (fig. S10B). As shown in [Fig. 4F](#F4){ref-type="fig"}, with 0% strain and 50% strain preapplied on the sensors, the force sensing behaviors are similar to each other, indicating that the preapplied 50% strain on the sensors does not affect their sensing performance. All these data mentioned above verify the advantage of the potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism for constructing strain-insensitive mechanical sensors.
As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the application of our stretchable sensors for perceiving finger touch independently from stretching-induced interference. First, a finger is pressed onto a tactile sensor and held for ≈10 s to apply a static force. Subsequently, the finger repeatedly presses the tactile sensor for 50 cycles to apply a dynamic force. As shown in [Fig. 4G](#F4){ref-type="fig"}, the potentiometric tactile sensor before and after stretching to 50% strain can detect both static and dynamic stimuli. The prestretched sensor (to 50% strain) and the unstretched sensor (0% strain) generate nearly identical signals (including signal intensity and signal pattern). This strain-independent sensing capability for both static and dynamic stimulus detection is difficult to realize using conventional sensing mechanisms. We envision that these strain-insensitive sensors are very promising for manufacturing soft robotics, stretchable prosthetics, and comfortable health care devices.
Single-electrode-mode e-skin
----------------------------
For most of the reported e-skins, each sensing pixel usually has two electrodes, so there must be two connection wires for each pixel to acquire and transfer data ([Fig. 5A](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). On the basis of state-of-the-art fabrication techniques, the spatial arrangement of the massive wires limits the pixel density and pixel number of these dual-electrode-mode e-skins. Alternatively, crossed-grid electrode configuration is used to reduce the complexity of the wiring and to improve the pixel density ([Fig. 5B](#F5){ref-type="fig"}) ([@R34]--[@R36]). However, the sensing pixels need to be operated one by one to avoid the cross-talk between adjacent pixels, which limits the data acquisition speed. Here, we describe a single-electrode-mode e-skin based on potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism. Primarily, we use a single electrode as a reference point and measure the potential difference of other sensing electrodes with respect to this reference point (as illustrated in [Fig. 5C](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). There are several advantages for this single-electrode-mode e-skin (see table S2 for detailed comparison). First, this electrode configuration can reduce the complexity of wiring and improve the pixel density compared with dual-electrode-mode e-skins. Second, because there is negligible current flow involved in the potentiometric measurement, the interference and cross-talk between different sensing pixels can be minimized or eliminated. This makes it feasible to acquire data from all of the sensing pixels simultaneously (as demonstrated in fig. S12), which could greatly enhance the data acquisition speed of future e-skins. Moreover, this potentiometric e-skin shows advantage over the other two electrode configurations regarding power consumption (less than 1 nW), which makes it very competitive for practical applications.
{#F5}
The fabrication of the single-electrode-mode e-skins is more economical compared with dual-electrode-mode e-skins. Only three steps are needed: (i) printing of electrode patterns on a flexible substrate, (ii) solution casting of ionic composite film, and (iii) final assembly of the e-skins. As a demonstration, a flexible single-electrode-mode e-skin with 6 × 6 sensing pixels is fabricated ([Fig. 5, D and E](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). The pattern and size of the e-skin can be well defined during the electrode printing procedure. To evaluate the sensing behaviors of the e-skin, a plasticine ball (0.8 g) and a battery (11.0 g) are placed on the 3^row^-3^column^ pixel ([Fig. 5, F and G](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). The heavier object gives rise to a larger potential difference between this pixel and the reference electrode, revealing good capability for differentiating the magnitude of the applied force. In addition, we arrange steel balls (≈1.0 g) into the shapes of "C," "A," and "L" on the e-skin and measure the potential difference of each pixel with respect to the reference electrodes, as shown in [Fig. 5H](#F5){ref-type="fig"}. The reconstructed color mapping is consistent with the distribution of the objects, demonstrating the capability of the e-skin in resolving spatial pressure distribution. With the merits of facile fabrication, ultralow-power consumption, and good capability of enhancing the pixel density and data acquisition speed, these single-electrode-mode e-skins are very appealing for a wide range of applications, such as flexible touch panels, smart robots, interactive wearable devices, etc.
DISCUSSION
==========
In summary, we have demonstrated a potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism inspired by the skin's sensory behavior. The potentiometric mechanotransducers fabricated via an all-solution processing approach exhibit ultralow-power consumption (less than 1 nW), high tunability, and a good capability to detect both static and low-frequency dynamic mechanical stimuli. On the basis of this potentiometric sensing mechanism, we report two classes of novel devices: (i) stretchable mechanical sensors with strain-independent sensing performance and (ii) single-electrode-mode e-skins with improved pixel density and data acquisition speed compared with traditional dual-electrode-mode e-skins. As a paradigm of mechanism innovation for mechanotransduction, there are still many aspects that need to be explored. For instance, developing new material systems is necessary for further improving the performance of the mechanotransducers, e.g., response/recovery speed, detectable frequency range. On the other hand, beyond the strain-insensitive sensors and single-electrode-mode e-skins, new electronic devices with other novel properties can be explored. We believe that this work can serve as a stepping stone for realizing soft, stretchable, and multifunctional e-skins of the future.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
=====================
All-solution processing fabrication of potentiometric mechanotransducers
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PET films (125 μm thick) were used as the substrate for stencil printing of electrode patterns. Kapton tape (60 μm in thickness) films were cut into defined patterns with a laser-cutting machine and attached to the PET substrate as stencils. PB/carbon ink (C2070424P2, Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd.) was first stencil printed as one electrode using a glass slide, followed by drying at 100°C for 10 min. Then, Ag/AgCl ink (CI-4001, Engineered Materials Systems Inc.) was stencil printed as another electrode, followed by curing at 130°C for 1 hour. After removing the Kapton tape stencil, PB/carbon and Ag/AgCl electrodes with defined patterns were formed on the PET substrate. Subsequently, the surface of PB/carbon and Ag/AgCl electrodes was polished with soft and flexible wiping papers (TechniCloth, Texwipe Company) to remove the additives of the inks left on the surface, thus obtaining a more stable electrode surface.
The microstructured PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composites were prepared on the basis of a solution casting method. Specifically, PVA/NaCl/Gly aqueous solutions containing 25 weight % (wt %) PVA, 100 mM NaCl, and Gly (weight ratios of Gly to PVA were 8, 16, and 32%, respectively) were cast on a template with periodic microstructure molded from screen meshes (as described in fig. S5). The cast PVA/NaCl/Gly solutions were first dried in a fume hood at ambient temperature for 24 hours and then dried at an environmental chamber at 25°C and 50% relative humidity (RH) for another 8 hours. After drying, the PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composite films (≈700 μm in thickness) were peeled off from the template and cut into defined shape and size. Subsequently, three PDMS spacers (0.15 × 1 × 5 mm^3^) were placed around the sensing region of the electrodes, and the obtained PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composites were put at the sensing region (as described in fig. S4). Then, the whole mechanotransducers were encapsulated with a thin PDMS layer (≈200 μm in thickness). The outside surface of the encapsulating PDMS layer is microstructured to avoid adhering between the PDMS layer and external objects.
For potentiometric mechanotransducers with sandwich structure, PVA/NaCl/Gly solution glue was pasted on the unstructured side of two pieces of ionic composite films, followed by bonding them together with the microstructured surface outside. After drying the glue in an environmental chamber (25°C and 50% RH) for 2 hours, the ionic composite film with microstructure on both sides was sandwiched between the PB/carbon and Ag/AgCl electrodes, and a potentiometric mechanotransducer with sandwich structure was fabricated.
Fabrication of stretchable sensors with strain-independent performance
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Fabrication of the stretchable sensors contains three major steps. The first step is to fabricate PDMS/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) elastic conductors, as illustrated in fig. S8. Kapton tape mask was attached onto a glass slide to define the conductive patterns, followed by spray coating CNT suspension (25 ml; suspended in alcohol with 1 mg/ml) on the glass slide. After removing the Kapton tape mask, the PDMS precursor (the weight ratio of base to cross-linker is 10:1) was cast onto the glass slide and cured at 100°C for 30 min. Then, the PDMS/CNT elastic conductors were peeled off, with dense CNT conductive network imbedded in the PDMS surface. The second step is to fabricate flexible PB/carbon and Ag/AgCl electrodes on a thin PET substrate (75 μm) based on the procedure mentioned above. Three columns of holes (1 mm in diameter) were punched on the substrate near the electrodes. These holes can mechanically anchor the flexible electrodes and the elastic conductors via the permeated PDMS in the holes after the final assembly process. The third step is the final assembly of the stretchable sensors. First, conductive carbon paste (112-48, Creative Materials Inc.) was pasted on the PB/carbon and Ag/AgCl electrodes near the punched holes. Then, PDMS/CNT elastic conductors were aligned and attached to the electrodes, followed by curing the carbon paste at 100°C for 30 min. Subsequently, PDMS spacers, PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composite (PVA/NaCl/Gly/water-16%), and encapsulating PDMS layer were placed on the sensing region. Then, the PDMS precursor was dropped into the holes on the substrate, and the whole sensor was sandwiched between two half-cured and sticky PDMS films (prepared by curing PDMS precursor on a hotplate at 100°C for ≈3 min), followed by completely curing the device at 25°C for 48 hours (50% RH). Thus, a soft, flexible, stretchable, and robust mechanical sensor with strain-independent sensing performance was fabricated.
Construction of single-electrode-mode e-skins
---------------------------------------------
The fabrication of the single-electrode-mode e-skin is shown in fig. S13. PB/carbon and Ag/AgCl inks were stencil printed on the substrate, respectively, based on the procedure mentioned above. After drying the inks and removing the stencil, electrodes with defined patterns were obtained. Then, polyvinyl butyral solution (10 wt %, dissolved in ethanol) was drop cast on the conductive trace and dried (acting as an insulating layer), followed by placing 26 PDMS spacers (0.15 × 1 × 5 mm^3^) between adjacent electrodes (as shown in fig. S13). Subsequently, the PVA/NaCl/Gly solution (weight ratio of Gly to PVA is 32%) was pasted onto the Ag/AgCl electrodes as glue, and a piece of microstructured PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composite (65 mm by 65 mm, weight ratio of Gly to PVA is 32%) was placed on the electrodes, with the ionic composite firmly bonded on Ag/AgCl electrodes after drying the glue. Last, a thin PDMS film (150 μm) was put on the e-skin for encapsulation.
Characterization and measurement
--------------------------------
The potentiometric voltage signals of the mechanotransducers were collected on a Keithley 2601A source meter using a voltage measure--only mode (sourcing zero current and measuring the open-circuit voltage). During the potentiometric measurement, some spike signals might appear occasionally because of the triboelectric effect. However, these interferential spike signals can be easily filtered, as discussed in fig. S14. Optical microscopic observation was conducted on an optical microscope (Eclipse 50i, Nikon). A Dektak profiler (Veeco 6M) was used for the profile measurement of the microstructured PVA/NaCl/Gly/water ionic composite. Force measurement was conducted on a laboratory-built setup based on a computer-controlled movable stage and a force gauge (M5, Mark-10).
Supplementary Material
======================
###### aba1062_Movie_S1.avi
###### aba1062_SM.pdf
We acknowledge A. Zamarayeva, J. Jan, and J. Ting for the helpful discussions. **Funding:** This work was supported, in part, by the Bakar Fellows Program, the NSF under grant no. 1610899, and FlexTech Alliance under grant no. AFOSR 42299. X.W. acknowledges the support from China Scholarship Council under grant no. 201706240083. **Author contributions:** X.W. and A.C.A. designed the project. X.W. designed and conducted the experiments. M.A. conducted signal processing. Y.K., J.Z., and M.E.P. contributed to the characterization. C.L. and J.W.E. helped to design the research and contributed to the analysis of the data and discussions. X.W. wrote the manuscript, and all authors read and revised the manuscript. **Competing interests:** X.W. and A.C.A. are inventors on a patent application (provisional no. 62/939523) filed through the University of California, Berkeley. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. **Data and materials availability:** All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.
Supplementary material for this article is available at <http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/30/eaba1062/DC1>
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Central |
Q:
Struct initialization in if statements
I want to check if a struct is empty, i.e. if all of its fields are set to their default value. The following works as expected:
package main
import "fmt"
type MyStruct struct {
field1 string
field2 int
}
func main() {
var mine MyStruct
empty := MyStruct{}
// Check if mine is empty.
if mine == empty {
fmt.Print("mine is empty")
}
}
I wanted to shorten this a bit so I moved the empty struct initialization into the if statement:
func main() {
var mine MyStruct
// Check if mine is empty.
if mine == MyStruct{} {
fmt.Print("mine is empty")
}
}
But that does not work: syntax error: unexpected }, expecting := or = or comma. Even the following does not work although it seems almost the same as the first example:
func main() {
var mine MyStruct
// Check if mine is empty.
if empty := MyStruct{}; mine == empty {
fmt.Print("mine is empty")
}
}
The compiler says: syntax error: need trailing comma before newline in composite literal. I found the following code to work, however:
func main() {
var mine MyStruct
// Check if mine is empty.
if mine == *new(MyStruct) {
fmt.Print("mine is empty")
}
}
Can someone explain why the two above examples are not accepted by the compiler? And while we're at it: What's the idiomatic way to check for an "empty" struct? The last example works but looks a bit odd to me.
A:
Resolve the {} ambiguity with parentheses. For example,
package main
import "fmt"
type MyStruct struct {
field1 string
field2 int
}
func main() {
var mine MyStruct
// Check if mine is empty.
if mine == (MyStruct{}) {
fmt.Print("mine is empty")
}
}
The Go Programming Language Specification
Composite literals
A parsing ambiguity arises when a composite literal using the TypeName
form of the LiteralType appears as an operand between the keyword and
the opening brace of the block of an "if", "for", or "switch"
statement, and the composite literal is not enclosed in parentheses,
square brackets, or curly braces. In this rare case, the opening brace
of the literal is erroneously parsed as the one introducing the block
of statements. To resolve the ambiguity, the composite literal must
appear within parentheses.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | StackExchange |
Was the evolution of high-quality vision in our ancestors driven by the threat of snakes? Work by neuroscientists in Japan and Brazil is supporting the theory originally put forward by Lynne Isbell, professor of anthropology at the University of California, Davis.
In a paper published Oct. 28 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Isbell; Hisao Nishijo and Quan Van Le at Toyama University, Japan; and Rafael Maior and Carlos Tomaz at the University of Brasilia, Brazil; and colleagues show that there are specific nerve cells in the brains of rhesus macaque monkeys that respond to images of snakes.
The snake-sensitive neurons were more numerous, and responded more strongly and rapidly, than other nerve cells that fired in response to images of macaque faces or hands, or to geometric shapes. Isbell said she was surprised that more neurons responded to snakes than to faces, given that primates are highly social animals.
“We’re finding results consistent with the idea that snakes have exerted strong selective pressure on primates,” Isbell said.
Isbell originally published her hypothesis in 2006, following up with a book, “The Fruit, the Tree and the Serpent” (Harvard University Press, 2009) in which she argued that our primate ancestors evolved good, close-range vision primarily to spot and avoid dangerous snakes.
Modern mammals and snakes big enough to eat them evolved at about the same time, 100 million years ago. Venomous snakes are thought to have appeared about 60 million years ago — “ambush predators” that have shared the trees and grasslands with primates.
Nishijo’s laboratory studies the neural mechanisms responsible for emotion and fear in rhesus macaque monkeys, especially instinctive responses that occur without learning or memory. Previous researchers have used snakes to provoke fear in monkeys, he noted. When Nishijo heard of Isbell’s theory, he thought it might explain why monkeys are so afraid of snakes.
“The results show that the brain has special neural circuits to detect snakes, and this suggests that the neural circuits to detect snakes have been genetically encoded,” Nishijo said.
The monkeys tested in the experiment were reared in a walled colony and neither had previously encountered a real snake.
“I don’t see another way to explain the sensitivity of these neurons to snakes except through an evolutionary path,” Isbell said.
Isbell said she’s pleased to be able to collaborate with neuroscientists.
“I don’t do neuroscience and they don’t do evolution, but we can put our brains together and I think it brings a wider perspective to neuroscience and new insights for evolution,” she said.
Notes about this evolutionary neuroscience research
Other co-authors on the paper were: Jumpei Matsumoto, Minh Nguyen, Etsuro Hori, Anh Hai Tran and Taketoshi Ono at Toyama University. The work is an international collaboration under the Asian Core Program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Contact: Andy Fell – UC Davis
Source: UC Davis press release
Image Source: The image is adapted from the UC Davis press release.
Original Research: Abstract for “Pulvinar neurons reveal neurobiological evidence of past selection for rapid detection of snakes” by Quan Van Le, Lynne A. Isbell, Jumpei Matsumoto, Minh Nguyen, Etsuro Hori, Rafael S. Maior, Carlos Tomaz, Anh Hai Tran, Taketoshi Ono, and Hisao Nishijo in PNAS. Published online October 28 2013 doi:10.1073/pnas.1312648110
#evolution, #neuroscience | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Introduction
============
The Iberian Peninsula is one of the most diverse regions in the Mediterranean Basin because of its location at the crossroads between Europe and Africa and its complex orography and variable climate, ranging from a central and southern Mediterranean climate to a northern Eurosiberian one. The high level of species richness in the Iberian Peninsula is particularly evident in spiders ([@B4423581], [@B4423569], [@B4423763]), where approximately 1,400 species have been catalogued to date ([@B4424342]). The Iberian biota is also highly endemic and threatened, with most of the south of the peninsula being identified as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean region ([@B4423898]). Amongst the order Araneae, 18% of the species in the Iberian Peninsula are Iberian endemics, a value that rises above 50% in families such as Dysderidae C. L. Koch, 1837, Zodariidae Thorell, 1881 or Nemesiidae Simon, 1889 ([@B4526353], [@B4424342]).
Despite the high number of spiders recorded in the Iberian Peninsula, the species-richness is lower than in neighbouring countries of similar size, yet less complex or younger geological history, such as France (1587 species) ([@B4424379]) or Italy (1632 species) ([@B4424511]). The relatively shorter tradition in natural history of Iberian countries leads us to suspect that the Iberian arachnofauna is fewer because it is far from being fully catalogued, which is one of the main impediments for invertebrate conservation in the region ([@B4423549]). Gradually, new faunistic records are helping to build up our knowledge on both the richness and distribution of Iberian species ([@B4423413], [@B4423433], [@B4423423], [@B4423443], [@B4423453], [@B4423464], [@B4423529], [@B4423753], [@B4423908], [@B4423970], [@B4423980], [@B4423990]). Unfortunately, many specimens acquired in local ecological assessments frequently remain unidentified in collections due to either a lack of expertise or informative taxonomic literature. Diverse taxa such as Nemesiidae, Dysderidae, Gnaphosidae or Oonopidae continue to demand revisionary taxonomic work, which, given the current downward trend in funding for basic taxonomic research and the time needed to complete these thorough works, can only be afforded by a decreasing number of taxonomists.
The use of DNA barcoding -- standardised, short fragments of DNA, as a species identifier ([@B4423702]) -- has become very popular amongst spider taxonomists ([@B4423353], [@B4423403], [@B4423488], [@B4423474], [@B4423519], [@B4721545], [@B4424045]). Although the use of DNA barcoding is not yet fully incorporated into standard diversity assessments, when available, this tool provides many advantages to the taxonomists working on a medium- or large-sized collection of spiders. DNA barcodes can facilitate and accelerate taxonomic research by increasing the ability of matching individuals regardless of sex, stage or body parts, identifying specimens with morphological diagnostic characters either subtle, difficult to visualise or absent or reassessing intraspecific polymorphisms.
Here we present the checklist of spider species identified from the adult specimens collected as part of a large-scale biodiversity assessment of the spider communities in white-oak (*Quercus* L.) woodlands across the Spanish Natural Parks Network (hereafter referred to as the IBERCODING project). Specimens were collected using the COBRA protocol ([@B4423539]), a semi-quantitative sampling protocol initially designed to assess biodiversity patterns in Mediterranean spider communities and then adapted to other habitats ([@B4423873]) and potentially extendable to other taxa. The identification of the collected specimens is the first necessary step towards calculating α- and β-diversity values across broad geographic and climatic ranges and ultimately inferring the drivers responsible for those patterns.
We chose to focus on white-oak forests because they represent common forests in the focal national parks and their high levels of endemicity ([@B4423664]), relevance for conservation ([@B4423678], [@B4423884]) and relatively well-characterised evolutionary history in the Iberian Peninsula ([@B4423950], [@B4424000]).
As part of the IBERCODING project, we generated DNA barcodes for more than 3,200 specimens with the aim of revealing fine scale geographic patterns in genetic diversity, retrieving phylogenetic information for assessing phylogenetic diversity of communities and facilitating sorting and identification of the specimens.
The present publication focuses on the identification of the individuals collected, with comments on their distribution and spatial location, as well as new records to the region and the discovery of putative new species. The availability of DNA barcodes helped identification and delimitation in some taxonomically challenging groups, such as the families Dictynidae, Gnaphosidae, Linyphiidae or Philodromidae We characterised the biogeographic patterns of the different plots and parks based on the species distribution information available in the literature and complemented it with our own data.
Materials and methods
=====================
Study area
----------
Spider communities were sampled in white oak and related oak forests from six Spanish national parks (Fig. [1](#F4424679){ref-type="fig"}), namely Picos de Europa (P), Ordesa y Monte Perdido (O), Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici (A) (hereafter referred to as the northern parks) Fig. [2](#F4502429){ref-type="fig"}), Monfragüe (M), Cabañeros (C) and Sierra Nevada (S) (hereafter referred to as the southern parks) (Fig. [3](#F4502442){ref-type="fig"}). The chosen parks fulfilled three conditions: (1) they had representative white oak forests, (2) they represented the main biogeographic areas within the Iberian Peninsula (Atlantic, Alpine and Mediterranean) ([@B4502416]) and (3) they covered a broad latitudinal and elevational gradient within the Iberian Peninsula. The selected parks spanned distances ranging from 80 km apart (A to O) to 720 km (S to A) and elevations from 320 m (Monfragüe) to 1786 m (Sierra Nevada). Sampling was conducted between May and June, when the richness and abundance of adult spiders in Mediterranean habitats are at its maximum ([@B4423559]), in two consecutive years, 2013 for the northern parks and 2014 for the southern parks. Two replicates (plots) were set up in each park, except in Picos de Europa and Cabañeros, where two different types of oak forest were available and hence two replicates were set up per forest type, resulting in a total of 16 plots (northern parks P=4, O=2, A=2; southern parks M=2, C=4 S=2, respectively). Additional details of the sampling plots are available in Table [1](#T4424710){ref-type="table"}.
Sample collection
-----------------
In each plot, a COBRA 50 sampling protocol was conducted, which is specifically designed to collect 50% of the spider diversity in the sampling area in an optimised manner ([@B4423539]). This protocol consists of using different sampling methods to obtain the maximum possible number of species. Direct sampling (methods that require the presence of the collector and her/ his active participation in the specimen capture) were foliage beating, vegetation sweeping and aerial hand collection. For foliage beating, a 1 m^2^ beating tray and a wooden pole were used to beat tree branches as high as possible. For vegetation sweeping, a round sweep net with a diameter of 58 cm was used to sweep tall plants and bushes, below the collector's waist. Aerial hand collection was done through visual inspection and hand-capture (aided by forceps, pooter or brush, if needed) on the vegetation above knee-level. The maximum possible number of spiders was caught and transferred to a vial with ethanol. Each sampling consisted of one hour of continuous collecting by one collector. In two plots (P1, A1), we conducted two additional ground hand collecting samples but focused on specimens present below knee-level.
Indirect sampling (techniques that do not involve the presence of the collector), consisted in the use of pitfall traps, i.e. vessels 7.5 cm in diameter buried in the ground with the rim at the ground level and filled with propylene glycol, which preserved spiders for both morphologic and genetic analyses. A few detergent drops were added to the liquid to break the surface tension and to allow spiders to sink to the bottom of the vessel. Pitfalls were covered with labelled plastic caps, held about 1 cm above the ground by four short wires anchored to the ground, in order to prevent the fall of debris into the trap and propylene glycol dilution or overflow caused by rainwater.
Direct sampling in each plot consisted of 2 hours of diurnal and 2 hours of nocturnal foliage beating, 2 hours of diurnal and 2 hours of nocturnal vegetation sweeping and 4 hours of nocturnal aerial hand collecting, which totals 12 hours of sampling, equating to 12 man-hours of sampling. Indirect samples were uniformly distributed within each plot in groups of 4 pitfalls, set in squares with 5 m sides. The traps were left active during two weeks. For subsequent analyses, each group of 4 contiguous pitfall traps were combined and considered as a single sample, which totals 12 indirect samples ([@B4423569]). All in all, the study included 388 samples (24 samples per plot x 16 plots + 2 extra ground samples x 2 plots, P1 and A1, respectively).
Identification of specimens
---------------------------
All adults were identified, when possible, to species level. Amongt a wide spectrum of taxonomic literature, the "Araneae: Spiders of Europe" database was used to identify most of the known species found in the samples ([@B4424379]). Identifications were made mainly with the use of a ZEISS Stemi 2000 stereomicroscope. Images were taken with a Leica DFC 450 camera attached to a Leica MZ 16A stereomicroscope, using the software Leica Application Suite v4.4. After collection, specimens were stored in 95% ethanol and kept at -20ºC in Falcon vials until these were sequentially sorted and identified (materials from the northern parks were collected and sorted before the materials from the southern parks), from which they were moved to smaller vials of 2 ml and returned to -20ºC, for subsequent genetic analyses.
Annotated checklist
-------------------
For each species, we provided the number of male and female specimens identified by plot (see abbreviations in Table [1](#T4424710){ref-type="table"}) and collecting technique, namely foliage beating (beating), vegetation sweeping (sweeping), aerial hand collection and pitfall trapping. Unidentified morphs and putative new species were provisionally labelled using the genus name and a sequential numeration (e.g. *Brigittea* sp04). Distributions were based on information available in public databases ([@B4424379], [@B4424945]).
Molecular procedures
--------------------
DNA barcodes were obtained from all sampled species -- five individuals were analysed per morpho-species and per plot when possible, as many species collected without taxonomic targeting are usually found in singletons or doubletons. Legs were used for DNA extraction and the rest of the individual was kept as a voucher, although for small species, the entire specimen was used. In these cases, the extractions were non-destructive (i.e. specimens were not ground up) and specimens were recovered as vouchers after the lyses of soft internal tissues. Total genomic DNA was extracted using the REDExtract-N-Amp™ Tissue PCR Kit Protocol from Sigma-Aldrich, following the manufacturer's protocol and performed in 96 well-plates. The primers used for amplification are listed in Table [2](#T4424711){ref-type="table"}. The LCOI1490/HCO2198 was the preferred combination, while Nancy was used as a replacement for HCOI2198 and Ron as replacement for LCOI1490 (in that order). For problematic amplifications, we used the internal primers mlCOIintF/jgHCOI2198. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in 96-well plates using 8 µl REDExtract-N-Amp™ PCR ReadyMix from Sigma-Aldrich, primers forward and reverse, 4 µl of diluted DNA and ultrapure, distilled water up to a total reaction volume of 20 µl. PCR conditions were as follows: initial denaturing step at 95°C for 5 min, 35 amplification cycles (94°C for 30 s, 45°C for 35 s, 72°C for 45 s) and a final step at 72°C for 5 min. In some cases a Touchdown protocol was used, consisting of 16 cycles of annealing temperature starting at 62°C and decreasing 1°C each cycle and 25 additional cycles of annealing at 46°C. PCR products were cycle-sequenced in both directions at Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, South Korea).
Raw chromatograms were assembled, edited and further manipulated using the software Geneious v7.1.9 ([@B4423797]).
DNA barcode analysis
--------------------
Although DNA barcodes were obtained for all species, we decided to investigate a step further with several families that presented us with cases of incongruence between morphology-based identification and genetic-based identification, namely the Dictynidae, Gnaphosidae, Linyphiidae and Philodromidae. Alignments were obtained by combining all DNA barcodes of focal species (see Results) for each family. We inferred the maximum-likelihood tree for each alignment by finding the best partition scheme first ([@B4423773]), followed by tree inference using the edge-linked partition model in the IQ-TREE software v1.6.1 ([@B4423593], [@B4423940]). The best tree was then used to delimit putative species using the mPTP algorithm ([@B4423784]). The mPTP method allows identifying species boundaries based on branch lengths obtained from a single-locus, without the need for an ultrametric tree and has been shown to generate more stable outputs than alternative approaches ([@B4423499]). Genetic distances within and between the clusters identified by mPTP were estimated using the Kimura 2 parameter model ([@B4423817]) in MEGA v.6 ([@B4424105]). One DNA barcode per genetic cluster was further used for automatic identification using BOLD ([@B4424035]).
Biogeographic composition
-------------------------
The delimited and identified species were subsequently grouped in four groups, namely \"Cosmopolitan\", \"Palearctic\", \"Mediterranean\" and \"Iberian\", based on the distribution information available at the [@B4424945], further refined with our own species presence data (see Suppl. material [1](#S4735826){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. We note that species found only in Iberia were considered Iberian and not Mediterranean and the species recorded only in countries of the Mediterranean basin (including north-African countries) were considered Mediterranean and not Palearctic. Percentage of each of the four groups per plot were estimated and visualised using R ([@B4424963]).
Checklists
==========
Checklist of spider (Arachnida, Araneae) communities of white oak woodlands of Spanish National Parks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
### Agelenidae
C. L. Koch, 1837
### Eratigena feminea
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, Madeira, Algeria
### Eratigena fuesslini
(Pavesi, 1873)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Eratigena inermis
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweep; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France
### Eratigena montigena
(Simon, 1937)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 17; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 11; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 14; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 14; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Eratigena picta
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 15; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweep; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia, North Africa
### Malthonica lusitanica
Simon, 1898
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Portugal to France
### Textrix caudata
L. Koch, 1872
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean, introduced in Central Europe
### Textrix denticulata
(Olivier, 1789)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 16; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe
### Textrix pinicola
Simon, 1875
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Portugal to Italy
### Anyphaenidae
Bertkau, 1878
### Anyphaena accentuata
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia, Iran
### Anyphaena sabina
L. Koch, 1866
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Turkey, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan
### Araneidae
Clerck, 1757
### Araneus angulatus
Clerck, 1757
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Araneus grossus
(C. L. Koch, 1844)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
### Araneus sturmi
(Hahn, 1831)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Araneus triguttatus
(Fabricius, 1793)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe
### Araniella alpica
(L. Koch, 1869)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Araniella cucurbitina
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Araniella opisthographa
(Kulczynski, 1905)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
### Cercidia prominens
(Westring, 1851)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Cyclosa algerica
Simon, 1885
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Cyclosa conica
(Pallas, 1772)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Gibbaranea bituberculata
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Gibbaranea gibbosa
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Hypsosinga sanguinea
(C. L. Koch, 1844)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Larinioides sclopetarius
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Central Asia), China, Korea, introduced in North America
### Leviellus kochi
(Thorell, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Southern Europe, North Africa, Central Asia
### Mangora acalypha
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Neoscona adianta
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Nuctenea umbratica
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Zilla diodia
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Zygiella montana
(C. L. Koch, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Clubionidae
Wagner, 1887
### Clubiona brevipes
Blackwall, 1841
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Clubiona comta
C. L. Koch, 1839
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia, North Africa
### Clubiona corticalis
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
### Clubiona diniensis
Simon, 1878
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France
### Clubiona genevensis
L. Koch, 1866
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Clubiona leucaspis
Simon, 1932
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe, Algeria
### Clubiona neglecta
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Clubiona terrestris
Westring, 1851
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe
### Dictynidae
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
### Brigittea civica
(Lucas, 1850)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe, North Africa, Turkey, North America
#### Notes
see *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*.
### Brigittea latens
(Fabricius, 1775)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 15; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
#### Notes
see *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*.
### Brigittea sp04
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Brigittea* Lehtinen, 1967, which we were unable to identify; see *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*.
### Dictyna pusilla
Thorell, 1856
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
#### Notes
This is a new record for the Iberian Peninsula. See Fig. [4](#F4424806){ref-type="fig"}.
### Lathys humilis
(Blackwall, 1855)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Lathys sp01
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
We could not identify this species. It might be a new species to science. See *Species delimitation using DNA barcodes*.
### Marilynia bicolor
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia, North Africa
### Mastigusa arietina
(Thorell, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Nigma gratiosa
(Simon, 1881)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, North Africa
#### Notes
The female collected was tentatively assigned to the male based on the somatic aspect, because there are no available illustrations of the female epigyne. Although we decided not to include the formal description of the female in the present study, we nevertheless present images of the habitus and genitalia of both sexes to ease future identifications Fig. [5](#F4424810){ref-type="fig"}.
### Nigma puella
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe, Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands
### Nigma sp19
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Nigma* Lehtninen, 1967, which we were unable to identify.
### Dysderidae
C. L. Koch, 1837
### Dysdera erythrina
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Georgia
### Dysdera falciformis
Barrientos & Ferrández, 1982
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain
### Dysdera fuscipes
Simon, 1882
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France
### Dysdera gamarrae
Ferrández, 1984
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Dysdera sp03
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Dysdera* Latreille, 1804, to be described in a future publication.
### Dysdera sp08
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Dysdera*, to be described in a future publication.
### Dysdera sp33
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Dysdera*, which we were unable to identify.
### Dysdera sp39
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Dysdera*, which we were unable to identify.
### Harpactea fageli
Brignoli, 1980
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Harpactea hombergi
(Scopoli, 1763)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Ukraine
### Harpactea sp16
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Harpactea* Bristowe, 1939, which we were unable to identify.
### Harpactea sp21
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Harpactea*, which we were unable to identify.
### Harpactea sp43
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Harpactea*, which we were unable to identify.
### Harpactocrates sp10
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Harpactocrates* Simon, 1914, to be described in a future publication.
### Parachtes teruelis
(Kraus, 1955)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain
### Rhode scutiventris
Simon, 1882
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria
### Eutichuridae
Lehtinen, 1967
### Cheiracanthium elegans
Thorell, 1875
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
### Cheiracanthium striolatum
Simon, 1878
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
### Cheiracanthium virescens
(Sundevall, 1833)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Gnaphosidae
Pocock, 1898
### Callilepis concolor
Simon, 1914
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Southern Europe
### Callilepis nocturna
(Linnaeus, 1758)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Civizelotes civicus
(Simon, 1878)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Madeira, Morocco
### Civizelotes dentatidens
(Simon, 1914)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France, Sardinia
### Civizelotes medianoides
Senglet, 2012
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain
### Civizelotes medianus
(Denis, 1935)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain, France, Andorra
### Drassodes lapidosus
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Drassodes lutescens
(C. L. Koch, 1839)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Pakistan
### Drassodes pubescens
(Thorell, 1856)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Drassyllus praeficus
(L. Koch, 1866)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
### Drassyllus villicus
(Thorell, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Haplodrassus dalmatensis
(L. Koch, 1866)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Haplodrassus cf. macellinus
(Thorell, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
#### Notes
Though no good descriptions are available for this species, we opted to identify the specimens here cited as *H. macellinus* due to the knife-like terminal apophysis, very similar to that illustrated by Simon ([@B4424981]).
### Haplodrassus signifer
(C. L. Koch, 1839)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Haplodrassus silvestris
(Blackwall, 1833)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Haplodrassus umbratilis
(L. Koch, 1866)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Kazakhstan
### Leptodrassus femineus
(Simon, 1873)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Portugal to Crete, Israel
### Micaria albovittata
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Micaria brignolii
(Bosmans & Blick, 2000)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France
### Micaria fulgens
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Micaria guttigera
Simon, 1878
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France
### Nomisia celerrima
(Simon, 1914)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain, France
#### Notes
Uncertain identification, given the similarities between the species *N. excerpta* (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) and *N. celerrima*.
### Nomisia sp29
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Nomisia* Dalmas, 1921, to be described in a future publication.
### Poecilochroa albomaculata
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
### Poecilochroa variana
(C. L. Koch, 1839)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
### Pterotricha simoni
Dalmas, 1921
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Scotophaeus cf. blackwalli
(Thorell, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Cosmopolitan
#### Notes
see *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*.
### Scotophaeus cf. validus
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Southern Europe, Morocco, Algeria
#### Notes
see *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*.
### Setaphis carmeli
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Trachyzelotes mutabilis
(Simon, 1878)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Trachyzelotes pedestris
(C. L. Koch, 1937)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Iran
### Zelotes flagellans
(L. Koch, 1882)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain, Balearic Islands
### Zelotes gallicus
Simon, 1914
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan
### Zelotes manius
(Simon, 1878)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Southern Europe
### Zelotes tenuis
(L. Koch, 1866)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Ukraine, USA
### Zelotes thorelli
Simon, 1914
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Southern Europe
### Hahniidae
Bertkau, 1878
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
### Hahnia helveola
Simon, 1875
#### Distribution
Italy
### Hahnia nava
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Hahnia ononidum
Simon, 1875
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
USA, Canada, Europe, Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan
### Hahnia petrobia
Simon, 1875
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Iberina montana
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Turkey, Russia
### Hersiliidae
Thorell, 1870
### Tama edwardsi
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, Algeria
### Leptonetidae
Simon, 1890
### Leptoneta paroculus
Simon, 1907
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain
### Linyphiidae
Blackwall, 1859
### Agyneta fuscipalpa
(C. L. Koch, 1836)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
#### Notes
We failed to find diagnostic characters to distinguish, through morphology, females of *A. fuscipalpa*, *A. pseudorurestris* Wunderlich, 1980 and *A. rurestris* (C. L. Koch, 1833). Females were assigned to *A. fuscipalpa* based on DNA barcoding. See *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*.
### Agyneta orites
(Thorell, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Central Europe
#### Notes
First record for the Iberian Peninsula. See Fig. [6](#F4424818){ref-type="fig"}. The single male specimen collected presents slight differences to both the illustrations made by Wunderlich ([@B4424156], which revised Thorell\'s type materials) or those by Thaler ([@B4424126]), namely, the tibial apophysis, which seems more robust and the shape of the lamella characteristica, especially the central sclerotised branch (arrow in Fig. [6](#F4424818){ref-type="fig"}b), which is bifid in our specimen, unlike the lanceolate shape depicted by Thaler. The similarities, however, outline the differences, as the small finger-like protuberance in the retrolateral branch of the lamella is present and the tibia is also dorsally protuberant, along with a well-developed retrolateral tibial apophysis. A recent citation of this species was done from France by Oger & Miquet ([@B4719446]), who show a very similar male specimen to ours, with a robust terminal apophysis. See *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*.
### Agyneta pseudorurestris
Wunderlich, 1980
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, Crete, Cyprus, Algeria, Tunisia, Israel
#### Notes
Females of *A. fuscipalpa*, *A. pseudorurestris* and *A. rurestris* (C. L. Koch, 1833) could not be differentiated through morphology. Moreover, DNA identification could not distinguish *A. pseudorurestris* from *A. rurestris* (see *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*). Consequently, females were assigned to each species based on the geographical location of identified males. In the case of Cabañeros, where males of the two species were found, females were arbitrarily assigned to *A. rurestris*.
### Agyneta rurestris
(C. L. Koch, 1836)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
#### Notes
Females of *A. fuscipalpa*, *A. pseudorurestris* and *A. rurestris* could not be differentiated through morphology. Moreover, DNA identification could not distinguish *A. pseudorurestris* from *A. rurestris* (see *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*). Consequently, females were assigned to each species based on the geographical location of identified males. In the case of Cabañeros, where males of the two species were found, females were arbitrarily assigned to *A. rurestris*.
### Agyneta simplicitarsis
(Simon, 1884)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan
#### Notes
Although placed in the same genetic lineage than *A. orites* by DNA barcodes, we maintain our morphology-based identification given the clear shape of traditional diagnostic characters used in linyphiine taxonomy, namely the tibia, paracymbium and lamella characteristica, which are close to or equal to those depicted by Tanasevitch ([@B4720258]).
### Bordea negrei
(Dresco, 1951)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain, France
### Canariphantes zonatus
(Simon, 1884)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France, Sardinia, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
### Centromerus pabulator
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia
### Centromerus prudens
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Centromerus sellarius
(Simon, 1884)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Ceratinella scabrosa
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Diplocephalus picinus
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Entelecara acuminata
(Wider, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Erigone dentipalpis
(Wider, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Frontinellina frutetorum
(C. L. Koch, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Gonatium rubens
(Blackwall, 1833)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
#### Notes
Uncertain identification, considering the similarities to *G. ensipotens* (Simon, 1881).
### Gongylidiellum murcidum
Simon, 1884
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Labulla flahaulti
Simon, 1915
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Spain, France
### Lepthyphantes minutus
(Blackwall, 1833)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Lessertia dentichelis
(Simon, 1884)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Canary Islands, Madeira, Canada, New Zealand
### Linyphia hortensis
Sundevall, 1830
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Maso sundevalli
(Westring, 1851)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Megalepthyphantes cf. collinus
(L. Koch, 1872)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe
### Metopobactrus prominulus
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic
#### Notes
We have uncovered an unknown case of male dimorphism. See Fig. [7](#F4424835){ref-type="fig"} and *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*.
### Micrargus apertus
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Micrargus laudatus
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Microctenonyx subitaneus
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic (elsewhere, introduced)
### Microlinyphia pusilla
(Sundevall, 1830)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Microneta viaria
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Midia midas
(Simon, 1884)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe
### Minicia marginella
(Wider, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Monocephalus fuscipes
(Blackwall, 1836)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 20; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 15; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Neriene clathrata
(Sundevall, 1830)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Neriene peltata
(Wider, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Greenland, Palearctic
### Neriene radiata
(Walckenaer, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Obscuriphantes obscurus
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Oedothorax apicatus
(Blackwall, 1850)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Oedothorax fuscus
(Blackwall, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Mallorca, Azores, North Africa, Russia
### Palliduphantes cernuus
(Simon, 1884)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
France, Spain
### Palliduphantes sp20
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Palliduphantes* Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2001, which we were unable to identify.
### Parapelecopsis nemoralis
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia
### Pelecopsis bucephala
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
### Pelecopsis cf. monsantensis
Bosmans & Crespo, 2010
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Andorra, France
#### Notes
Only the male of this species is known. In a previous work by the first author (unpublished data) from central Portugal, females such as the ones here recorded were found along with *P. monsantensis* males. We now extend the distribution of this species up north, to the Pyrenean region.
### Piniphantes pinicola
(Simon, 1884)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Pocadicnemis juncea
Locket & Millidge, 1953
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Pocadicnemis pumila
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Prinerigone vagans
(Audouin, 1826)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Old World
### Stemonyphantes lineatus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Styloctetor romanus
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Tapinocyba affinis pyrenaea
Millidge, 1979
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain, France
#### Notes
Although subspecies are seldom used nowadays in arachnology to address taxonomical issues, the present batch of specimens fit perfectly the cited subspecies described by Millidge; in the same publication, he remarks that of all the subspecies treated in his work, this is the most likely to represent a separate species ([@B4423930]). To properly assess this, a generic revision would be necessary. Therefore we keep a conservative approach in the identification of these specimens. See Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes.
### Tapinocyba mitis
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Britain, Spain, France, Albania, Latvia
### Tenuiphantes flavipes
(Blackwall, 1854)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 21; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Tenuiphantes herbicola
(Simon, 1884)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
France, Corsica, Italy, Albania, Greece, Algeria
### Tenuiphantes tenuis
(Blackwall, 1852)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic (elsewhere, introduced)
### Theonina cornix
(Simon, 1881)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, North Africa, Russia
### Tiso vagans
(Blackwall, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Madeira, Russia
### Trichoncus affinis
Kulczynski, 1894
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Typhochrestus bogarti
Bosmans, 1990
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France, Morocco
### Walckenaeria acuminata
Blackwall, 1833
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Walckenaeria antica
(Wider, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Walckenaeria corniculans
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, North Africa
### Walckenaeria dalmasi
(Simon, 1914)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France
### Walckenaeria dysderoides
(Wider, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Walckenaeria incisa
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Walckenaeria unicornis
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Linyphiidae sp05
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
We were unable to identify this species or even its genus.
### Liocranidae
Simon, 1897
### Agroeca inopina
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1886
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Algeria
### Agroeca sp41
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Agroeca* Westring, 1861, to be described in a future publication.
### Liocranum cf. majus
Simon, 1878
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain
#### Notes
This species is very poorly described. Its identification is based on the small diagnosis given by Simon ([@B4424096]: 938), in opposition to *L. segmentatum* Simon, 1878.
### Liocranum rupicola
(Walckenaer, 1830)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia
### Liocranum sp38
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Liocranum* L. Koch, 1866, which we were unable to identify.
### Mesiotelus mauritanicus
Simon, 1909
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Mesiotelus tenuissimus
(L. Koch, 1866)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, North Africa, Turkmenistan
### Scotina celans
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Algeria, Russia
### Scotina palliardii
(L. Koch, 1881)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia, Korea
### Lycosidae
Sundevall, 1833
### Alopecosa albofasciata
(Brullé, 1832)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Central Asia
### Alopecosa barbipes
(Sundevall, 1833)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Alopecosa cuneata
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Alopecosa pulverulenta
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Alopecosa simoni
(Thorell, 1872)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Arctosa lacustris
(Simon, 1876)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Canary Islands, Mallorca, Mediterranean
### Arctosa personata
(L. Koch, 1872)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
### Arctosa variana
C. L. Koch, 1847
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Central Asia
### Arctosa villica
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
### Aulonia albimana
(Walckenaer, 1805)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Pardosa bifasciata
(C. L. Koch, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Pardosa hortensis
(Thorell, 1872)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 16; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 14; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Pardosa lugubris
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 22; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 19; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 17; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 18; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 19; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 25; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 54; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 21; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 27; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 21; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 20; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 20; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Pardosa nigriceps
(Thorell, 1856)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Pardosa proxima
(C. L. Koch, 1847)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 20; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic, Canary Islands, Azores
### Pardosa pullata
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia, Central Asia
### Pirata piraticus
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Piratula latitans
(Blackwall, 1841)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Trabea cazorla
Snazell, 1983
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain, Morocco, Algeria
### Trochosa robusta
(Simon, 1876)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Trochosa terricola
Thorell, 1856
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Xerolycosa nemoralis
(Westring, 1861)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Mimetidae
Simon, 1881
### Ero aphana
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic (elsewhere, introduced)
### Ero tuberculata
(De Geer, 1778)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Mimetus laevigatus
(Keyserling, 1863)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Central Asia
### Miturgidae
Simon, 1886
### Zora manicata
Simon, 1878
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Ukraine, Israel
### Zora pardalis
Simon, 1878
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Kazakhstan
### Zora silvestris
Kulczynski, 1897
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
#### Notes
This is a new record for Spain. See Fig. [8](#F4424839){ref-type="fig"}. The occurrence of this species was presumed dubious in a previous revisionary study of the genus ([@B4424136]). We now confirm its presence in the Pyrenean region.
### Zora spinimana
(Sundevall, 1833)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Mysmenidae
Petrunkevitch, 1928
### Mysmenidae sp26
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
We were unable to identify the genus of this specimen.
### Nemesiidae
Simon, 1889
### Nemesia sp14
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Nemesia* Audouin, 1826, which we were unable to identify.
### Oecobiidae
Blackwall, 1862
### Oecobius machadoi
Wunderlich, 1995
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Oonopidae
Simon, 1890
### Oonops pulcher
Templeton, 1835
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Ukraine, probably Madeira, North Africa, Tasmania
### Oonops sp17
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Oonops* Templeton, 1835, to be described in a future publication.
### Oonops sp22
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
We suspect this single specimen might be *Oonops* sp. 17, but we were unable to use genetic data to confirm this. Given that many undescribed species of *Oonops* are known to occur in the Iberian Peninsula, we opted for assignment of the present specimen to a separate morphospecies until further specimens are collected.
### Oonops sp27
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Oonops*, to be described in a future publication.
### Oonops sp44
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Oonops*, to be described in a future publication.
### Orchestina sp34
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Orchestina* Simon, 1882, under study in an ongoing work .
### Oxyopidae
Thorell, 1870
### Oxyopes heterophthalmus
(Latreille, 1804)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Oxyopes lineatus
Latreille, 1806
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 16; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 11; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Oxyopes nigripalpis
Kulczynski, 1891
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Palpimanidae
Thorell, 1870
### Palpimanus gibbulus
Dufour, 1820
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Central Asia
### Philodromidae
Thorell, 1870
### Philodromus albidus
Kulczynski, 1911
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe
### Philodromus aureolus
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe
### Philodromus buchari
Kubcová, 2004
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe
#### Notes
First record for the Iberian Peninsula. See Fig. [9](#F4424843){ref-type="fig"}.
### Philodromus buxi
Simon, 1884
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe to Kazakhstan
### Philodromus dispar
Walckenaer, 1826
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia (USA, Canada, introduced)
### Philodromus emarginatus
(Schrank, 1803)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Philodromus fuscolimbatus
Lucas, 1846
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Philodromus lividus
Simon, 1875
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France, Morocco, Algeria, Italy, Croatia
### Philodromus pinetorum
Muster, 2009
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Portugal to Turkey
### Philodromus praedatus
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia, Azerbaijan
### Philodromus rufus
Walckenaer, 1826
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Philodromus sp18
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This morph of *Philodromus* Thorell, 1870, for which only female specimens were available, defied identification based on morphology. However, these specimens formed a distinct genetic cluster (see *Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes*). We tentatively refer to this morph as sp. 18 although further scrutiny may reveal it actually corresponds to either a nominal species not reported in our study or a new species.
### Pulchellodromus bistigma
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Pulchellodromus glaucinus
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Pulchellodromus pulchellus
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Pulchellodromus simoni
(Mello-Leitão, 1929)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Spain, Algeria
### Thanatus atratus
Simon, 1875
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Thanatus oblongiusculus
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Thanatus vulgaris
Simon, 1870
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Tibellus oblongus
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Pholcidae
C. L. Koch, 1850
### Holocnemus caudatus
(Dufour, 1820)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Spain, Sicily
### Holocnemus hispanicus
Wiehle, 1933
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Pholcus opilionoides
(Schrank, 1781)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Phrurolithidae
Banks, 1892
### Liophrurillus flavitarsis
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, Madeira, North Africa
### Phrurolinillus lisboensis
Wunderlich, 1995
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Phrurolinillus tibialis
(Simon, 1878)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
#### Notes
This is the first occurrence of females of this species. We hereby illustrate the epigyne for the first time (Fig. [10](#F4424929){ref-type="fig"}d), composed of two roughly ellipsoid and only lightly sclerotised depressions (several irregularly shaped exudates can be seen) and the vulva (Fig. [10](#F4424929){ref-type="fig"}), composed by two copulatory ducts that coil dorsally towards small spermathecae, from which the fertilisation ducts can also be seen.
### Phrurolithus festivus
(C. L. Koch, 1835)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Phrurolithus minimus
C. L. Koch, 1839
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Phrurolithus nigrinus
(Simon, 1878)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Central and Southern Europe
### Phrurolithus szilyi
Herman, 1879
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Pimoidae
Wunderlich, 1986
### Pimoa breuili
(Fage, 1931)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Spain
### Pisauridae
Simon, 1890
### Pisaura mirabilis
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Salticidae
Blackwall, 1841
### Aelurillus luctuosus
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Turkmenistan
### Ballus chalybeius
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe, North Africa to Central Asia
### Chalcoscirtus alpicola
(L. Koch, 1876)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Chalcoscirtus infimus
(Simon, 1868)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Southern, Central Europe to Central Asia
### Euophrys frontalis
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Euophrys herbigrada
(Simon, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Euophrys sp30
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Euophrys* C. L. Koch, 1838, which we could not identify.
### Evarcha arcuata
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Evarcha falcata
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Evarcha jucunda
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean, introduced in Belgium
### Heliophanus cupreus
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Heliophanus tribulosus
Simon, 1868
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe to Kazakhstan
### Heliophanus sp24
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Heliophanus* C. L. Koch, 1833, which we could not identify. We suspect it might be the undescribed female of *H. ibericus* Wesolowska, 1986, since its type locality is roughly 170 km away from the two sampling sites where our specimens were found.
### Iberattus semiglabratus
(Simon, 1868)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France
### Icius hamatus
(C. L. Koch, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Macaroeris nidicolens
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Portugal to Cyprus, Turkey
### Pellenes nigrociliatus
(Simon, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Phlegra fasciata
(Hahn, 1826)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Pseudeuophrys erratica
(Walckenaer, 1826)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic (USA, introduced)
### Pseudeuophrys nebrodensis
Alicata & Cantarella, 2000
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Sicily
#### Notes
First record for the Iberian Peninsula. See Fig. [11](#F4424847){ref-type="fig"}.
### Salticus scenicus
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Salticus zebraneus
(C. L. Koch, 1837)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Sittipub pubescens
(Fabricius, 1775)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Turkey, Morocco, Russia, USA
### Scytodidae
Blackwall, 1864
### Scytodes velutina
Heineken & Lowe, 1832
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean, Cape Verde Islands, Seychelles
### Segestriidae
Simon, 1893
### Segestria bavarica
C. L. Koch, 1843
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Segestria florentina
(Rossi, 1790)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Georgia, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
### Segestria senoculata
(Linnaeus, 1758)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Sicariidae
Keyserling, 1880
### Loxosceles rufescens
(Dufour, 1820)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Cosmopolitan
### Sparassidae
Bertkau, 1872
### Eusparassus dufouri
Simon, 1932
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Micrommata aljibica
Urones, 2004
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain
### Micrommata virescens
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Olios argelasius
(Walckenaer, 1805)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Tetragnathidae
Menge, 1866
### Meta menardi
(Latreille, 1804)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Korea(?)
### Metellina mengei
(Blackwall, 1869)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Caucasus, Altai, Iran
### Metellina merianae
(Scopoli, 1763)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Ural, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran
### Tetragnatha extensa
(Linnaeus, 1758)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic, Madeira
### Tetragnatha montana
Simon, 1874
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Tetragnatha obtusa
C. L. Koch, 1837
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Tetragnatha pinicola
L. Koch, 1870
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Theridiidae
Sundevall, 1833
### Anelosimus vittatus
(C. L. Koch, 1836)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Asagena phalerata
(Panzer, 1801)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Crustulina guttata
(Wider, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Dipoena erythropus
(Simon, 1881)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe
### Dipoena melanogaster
(C. L. Koch, 1837)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 14; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 15; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 11; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 15; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, North Africa to Azerbaijan, Iran
### Dipoena nigroreticulata
(Simon, 1879)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Dipoena torva
(Thorell, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
#### Notes
First record for Spain. See Fig. [12](#F4424851){ref-type="fig"}.
### Dipoena umbratilis
(Simon, 1873)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
### Enoplognatha thoracica
(Hahn, 1833)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Episinus algiricus
Lucas, 1846
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France, Italy, Northwest Africa
### Episinus maculipes
Cavanna, 1876
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Great Britain to Algeria, Ukraine, Russia
### Episinus theridioides
Simon, 1873
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia
### Episinus truncatus
Latreille, 1809
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Euryopis flavomaculata
(C. L. Koch, 1836)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
#### Notes
First record for the Iberian Peninsula. See Fig. [13](#F4424889){ref-type="fig"}.
### Euryopis sexalbomaculata
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Mediterranean, Ukraine, Russia
#### Notes
First record for the Iberian Peninsula. See Fig. [14](#F4424893){ref-type="fig"}.
### Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum
(Simon, 1873)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Kochiura aulica
(C. L. Koch, 1838)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands to Azerbaijan
### Lasaeola convexa
(Blackwall, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Mediterranean
### Lasaeola tristis
(Hahn, 1833)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 15; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 15; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 16; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
### Lasaeola sp23
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Lasaeola* Simon, 1881, which we were unable to identify.
### Lasaeola sp36
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Lasaeola*, which we were unable to identify.
### Neottiura bimaculata
(Linnaeus, 1767)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Paidiscura pallens
(Blackwall, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 14; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 13; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 18; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Algeria, Russia
### Parasteatoda lunata
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Pholcomma gibbum
(Westring, 1851)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe, North Africa to Azerbaijan
### Phoroncidia paradoxa
(Lucas, 1846)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, North Africa
### Phycosoma inornatum
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe to Azerbaijan
### Phylloneta impressa
(L. Koch, 1881)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Phylloneta sisyphia
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Platnickina tincta
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Robertus arundineti
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Sardinidion blackwalli
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia, Ukraine, North Africa
#### Notes
First record for Spain. See Fig. [15](#F4424897){ref-type="fig"}.
### Simitidion simile
(C. L. Koch, 1836)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Steatoda triangulosa
(Walckenaer, 1802)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Cosmopolitan
### Theridion harmsi
Wunderlich, 2011
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France
### Theridion mystaceum
L. Koch, 1870
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 11; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 6; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Turkey, China
### Theridion pinastri
L. Koch, 1872
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Theridion varians
Hahn, 1833
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Theridion sp06
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This species is part of the *melanurum*-group, which would also include *T. harmsi* and *T. mystaceum*, but differs from both these species and anything else we could find in the literature. DNA barcodes (results not shown) suggested a potential case of hybridisation amongst the three *melanurum* species collected in this project. A specific study on species boundaries and the possible introgressive hybridisation amongst species in the *melanurum*-group is underway.
### Theridion sp15
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This specimen is very close to the species *T. cinereum* Thorell, 1875, *T. petraeum* L. Koch, 1872, *T. furfuraceum* Simon, 1914, *T. pyrenaeum* Denis, 1944 and *T. wiehlei* Schenkel, 1938. Due to the small genitalic differences in all males of these species, we could not make a differential diagnosis on our single male specimen. Identification based on DNA does not pair this specimen with central European *T. petraeum* populations, which is also supported by morphological data, such as a different shape in the base of the embolus and a longer median apophysis.
### Thomisidae
Sundevall, 1833
### Cozyptila blackwalli
(Simon, 1875)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe
### Diaea dorsata
(Fabricius, 1777)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Heriaeus oblongus
Simon, 1918
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Misumena vatia
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Holarctic
### Ozyptila atomaria
(Panzer, 1801)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Pistius truncatus
(Pallas, 1772)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Runcinia grammica
(C. L. Koch, 1837)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic, St. Helena, South Africa, Lesotho
### Synema globosum
(Fabricius, 1775)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Thomisus onustus
Walckenaer, 1805
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Tmarus punctatissimus
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Tmarus staintoni
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, France, Algeria
### Tmarus stellio
Simon, 1875
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Xysticus audax
(Schrank, 1803)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Xysticus cristatus
(Clerck, 1757)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Xysticus erraticus
(Blackwall, 1834)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Las Arroyas; verbatimElevation: 1097.1; decimalLatitude: 43.14351; decimalLongitude: -4.94878; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Europe, Russia
### Xysticus ferrugineus
Menge, 1876
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Xysticus kempeleni
Thorell, 1872
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Europe to Central Asia
### Xysticus lanio
C. L. Koch, 1835
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: O Furno; verbatimElevation: 1396.73; decimalLatitude: 42.60677; decimalLongitude: 0.13135; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Xysticus ninnii
Thorell, 1872
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Xysticus sp31
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This species belongs in the *Xysticus cribratus* group of species (also *Bassaniodes* sensu [@B4502369]), but we could not identify the available specimens.
### Xysticus sp42
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a species of *Xysticus* C. L. Koch, 1835, which we were unable to identify.
### Titanoecidae
Lehtinen, 1967
### Titanoeca schineri
L. Koch, 1872
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Palearctic
#### Notes
New record for the Iberian Peninsula.
### Uloboridae
Thorell, 1869
### Hyptiotes flavidus
(Blackwall, 1862)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Caucasus
### Polenecia producta
(Simon, 1873)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
#### Distribution
Mediterranean to Azerbaijan
### Uloborus walckenaerius
Latreille, 1806
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 3; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Night
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Beating; eventTime: Night
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Sweeping; eventTime: Day
#### Distribution
Palearctic
### Zodariidae
Thorell, 1881
### Amphiledorus sp28
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Amphiledorus* Jocqué & Bosmans, 2001, to be described in a future publication.
### Amphiledorus sp40
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
?
#### Notes
This is a new species of *Amphiledorus*, to be described in a future publication.
### Selamia reticulata
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 11; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 12; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 9; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 7; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
### Zodarion alacre
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Zodarion beticum
Denis, 1957
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 45; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 21; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain
### Zodarion fuscum
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: P1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Monte Robledo; verbatimElevation: 1071.58; decimalLatitude: 43.1445; decimalLongitude: -4.92675; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Ground; eventTime: Day
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: Joyoguelas; verbatimElevation: 763.98; decimalLatitude: 43.17771; decimalLongitude: -4.90579; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 8; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: P4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla y León; county: León; locality: El Canto; verbatimElevation: 943.48; decimalLatitude: 43.17227; decimalLongitude: -4.90857; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Britain, Iberian Peninsula, France
### Zodarion marginiceps
Simon, 1914
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1759.8; decimalLatitude: 42.54958; decimalLongitude: 0.87254; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 5; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 10; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: A2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Catalonia; county: Lleida; locality: Sola de Boi; verbatimElevation: 1738.7; decimalLatitude: 42.54913; decimalLongitude: 0.87137; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 2; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain, France
### Zodarion modestum
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Spain
### Zodarion rudyi
Bosmans, 1994
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula
### Zodarion styliferum
(Simon, 1870)
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 15; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 739.31; decimalLatitude: 39.35159; decimalLongitude: -4.3589; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 4; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Fuente del Frances; verbatimElevation: 320.72; decimalLatitude: 39.828; decimalLongitude: -6.03249; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: A; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: C; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Iberian Peninsula, Madeira
### Zoropsidae
Bertkau, 1882
### Zoropsis media
Simon, 1878
#### Materials
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: E; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: F; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
e. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
f. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 3; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
g. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
h. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
i. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: Valle Brezoso; verbatimElevation: 756.56; decimalLatitude: 39.35663; decimalLongitude: -4.35912; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
j. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C3; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 767.55; decimalLatitude: 39.36177; decimalLongitude: -4.41733; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
k. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
l. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: C4; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Castilla-La Mancha; county: Ciudad Real; locality: La Quesera; verbatimElevation: 772.3; decimalLatitude: 39.36337; decimalLongitude: -4.41704; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
m. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
n. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: D; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
o. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: H; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
p. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
q. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
r. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: M1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Extremadura; county: Cáceres; locality: Peña Falcón; verbatimElevation: 320.6; decimalLatitude: 39.83296; decimalLongitude: -6.0641; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: L; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
s. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: O2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Aragón; county: Huesca; locality: Rebilla; verbatimElevation: 1158.13; decimalLatitude: 42.59427; decimalLongitude: 0.1529; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
t. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
u. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 1; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
v. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: 4; samplingProtocol: Aerial; eventTime: Night
w. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
x. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
y. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: J; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
z. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: female; **Location:** locationID: S1; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Soportujar; verbatimElevation: 1786.57; decimalLatitude: 36.96151; decimalLongitude: -3.41881; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
a. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 2; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: B; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
b. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: G; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
c. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: I; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
d. **Type status:** Other material. **Occurrence:** individualCount: 1; sex: male; **Location:** locationID: S2; continent: Europe; country: Spain; countryCode: ES; stateProvince: Andalucía; county: Granada; locality: Camarate; verbatimElevation: 1713.96; decimalLatitude: 37.18377; decimalLongitude: -3.26282; geodeticDatum: WGS84; **Event:** eventID: K; samplingProtocol: Pitfall
#### Distribution
Western Mediterranean
Analysis
========
Biogeographic composition
-------------------------
After sorting 20,539 spiders, we identified 376 species based on 8,521 adult specimens, corresponding to 190 genera in 39 families. Eight species, *Dictyna pusilla*, *Agyneta orites*, *Zora silvestris*, *Philodromus buchari*, *Pseudeuophrys nebrodensis*, *Euryopis flavomaculata*, *Euryopis sexalbomaculata* and *Titanoeca schineri* are new citations for the Iberian Peninsula, while two species, *Dipoena torva* and *Sardinidion blackwalli*, are first citations for Spain. Thirteen putative new species to science and 20 additional unidentified species, some of them candidates to new species, were found.
The percentage of occurrence of species from the different groups in each park (Fig. [16](#F4735847){ref-type="fig"}) indicated that the northern parks (Picos de Europa (P1, P2, P3, P4), Ordesa (O1, O2) and Aigüestortes (A1, A2)), where the Palearctic species were dominant, have lower percentages of Mediterranean and Iberian endemic species than southern parks (Monfragüe (M1, M2), Cabañeros (C1, C2, C3, C4) and Sierra Nevada (S1, S2)). Quantitative analyses of the ecological patterns in the spider communities and the drivers behind them are presented elsewhere (Malumbres-Olarte et al., in prep).
Species delimitation and identification using DNA barcodes
----------------------------------------------------------
For some individuals in certain families, identification solely based on morphology was doubtful or insufficient. In these cases, we used DNA barcode information to support or further refine species delimitation and identification. The sequences generated and analysed in the present study are avilable at GenBank under accession numbers MH630465-MH630994.
**Family Dictynidae**
Due to the possibility of overlooked Mediterranean *Brigittea* species, based on earlier observations by the first author and some dubious citations of *Brigittea innocens* (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) from Italy in the literature (as recognised by [@B4423743]: 6), as well as the finding of two poorly known species of the genus *Nigma*, we decided to further explore Dictynidae identifications with DNA barcodes. We included 134 specimens in the molecular analyses, which yielded 83 unique DNA barcodes corresponding to species belonging to 6 genera, namely *Brigittea, Dictyna*, *Lathys*, *Nigma*, *Marilynia* and *Mastigusa* (now placed in the Hahniidae). The mPTP algorithm identified 13 groups (Fig. [17](#F4425005){ref-type="fig"}). Three of the groups corresponded to *Dictyna*, *Marilynia* and *Mastigusa* (for each of which only one species was found, respectively *D. pusilla*, *M. bicolor* and *M. arietina*). The two *Mastigusa arietina* sequences showed high levels of intraspecific genetic divergence (10%). The sequence of *Dictyna pusilla* was correctly identified in BOLD with a 100% match. There were no representatives of either *Marilynia* or *Mastigusa* in the BOLD database.
In the case of the genus *Brigittea*, the morphology-based identifications indicated the presence of the two most widespread species in Europe, namely *B. civica* and *B. latens*. However, the delimitation analysis of the DNA barcodes suggested the presence of four different clusters, one including all individuals of *B. latens*, two corresponding to *B. civica* and a fourth, composed of 3 males from sites M1, C1 and C3, initially identified as *B. civica*. Genetic divergences within each cluster were low (from 0.1 to 1%). Two of the clusters identified as *B. civica* also showed low genetic divergences between them (2.3%). However, divergences between these clusters and the third group were much higher (13.3-14.2%) and similar to those observed between the nominal species *B. civica* and *B. latens* (12.4-13%). Automatic identification in BOLD returned correct identification for *B. latens* and the two genetically similar *B. civica* clusters (99.23%, 99.85% and 98.15% similarity, respectively). However, the divergent *B. civica* cluster found no match. We revised the specimens in this group and found some previously overlooked somatic differences, for example in the abdominal colour as well as slight difference in the male palp and hence it may correspond to an overlooked species (*Brigittea* sp04).
The mPTP analysis grouped the *Nigma* sequences into 4 clusters (Fig. [17](#F4425005){ref-type="fig"}), one corresponding to a male and a female of *N. gratiosa* (species in which the female is very poorly known, see Fig. [5](#F4424810){ref-type="fig"}), Fig. [5](#F4424810){ref-type="fig"}, a second one including the sequences of unidentified individuals (*Nigma* sp19) and two clusters with sequences of the widely distributed nominal species *N. puella*, with no clear geographic structure. Within the group, divergences were low (0.2-1.2%). Divergences were high between the nominal species (12.3-13.1%) and between these species and the unidentified cluster (*Nigma* sp19, 11.4-14%), while divergences between the two *N. puella* were lower (4%). Only one of the clusters, corresponding to *N. puella*, found a match in the BOLD database and was correctly identified with 99.84% similarity to *N. puella* sequences from northern and central Europe. We revised morphological identification of females in both clusters containing *N. puella* and found no differences.
The DNA barcodes of the specimens of the genus *Lathys* clustered into two different groups, with moderate levels of genetic divergence (7.5%), corresponding to *L. humilis* from the northern parks (Aigüestortes, Ordesa and Picos de Europa) and a putative new species, *Lathys* sp01, from two of the southern parks (Cabañeros and Monfragüe), respectively. The northern parks were correctly identified (100%) and clustered with *L. humilis* sequences from Germany available in BOLD. The *Lathys* sp01 cluster returned no match. Additionally, sequences available in BOLD from Slovenia formed a separate cluster from those from Germany and the northern parks.
**Family Gnaphosidae**
Gnaphosids are highly diverse in the Iberian Peninsula. Although we did discover a morphologically diagnosable putative new species of *Nomisia*, we decided to further scrutinise other local species that closely resemble well-known widespread species in the genera *Micaria* and *Scotophaeus*. We included 58 specimens in the molecular analysis, which yielded 26 unique DNA barcodes. The mPTP algorithm identified 5 groups (Fig. [18](#F4425009){ref-type="fig"}). All *Scotophaeus* sequences were clustered into a single cluster, while *Micaria* resolved into four groups, corresponding to the nominal species *M. brignoli, M. albovittata*, *M. fulgens* and *M. guttigera*, respectively. Genetic divergences between the *Micaria* species in our study ranged from 10.3%, between *M. fulgens* and *M. albovittata* to 18.5%, between *M. guttigera* and *M. brignoli*. We could not assess intraspecific divergences of the latter species because only a single specimen was found. Divergences within the *M. guttigera* were as low as 0.3%. Unfortunately, no DNA barcodes for *M. guttigera* or closely related species were available in public repositories for comparison. The closest match to the *M. guttigera* cluster returned in BOLD was *Micaria corvina* (92.17% similarity). *M. albovittata* was the only *Micaria* species in our study to have conspecific sequences available in BOLD. However, although our query sequence clustered with other *M. albovittata* sequences from Italy, Bulgaria and France, genetic divergences were too great for an unequivocal assignment (94.25%).
The genus *Scotophaeus* was represented in our samples by two species, *S. blackwalli* and S. cf. validus. Surprisingly, the species delimitation analyses clustered the sequences of the two species in a single cluster. The genetic divergence between the *S. blackwalli* and S. cf. validus sequences, however, was similar to those estimated for the *Micaria* species (12%), while all the sequences of *S. blackwalli* (n=6) were identical. Although *S. blackwalli* is represented in public repositories by several sequences, our query did not return any identification. The closest match corresponded to *S. blackwalli* from Germany (90.48% similarity), which in turn showed similar low levels of similarity to *S. blackwalli* from Canada and the USA. The single female specimen identified as S. cf. validus could not be assigned to any species in BOLD. The closest match returned sequences assigned to *S. scutulatus* (L. Koch, 1866) from Germany, Greece and Turkey, but with low similarity (87.83 to 87.99%).
**Family Linyphiidae**
Some observations made during the morphological identification called for a cross-validation of some linyphiids using DNA barcodes. We included 81 specimens in the molecular analysis, which yielded 76 unique DNA barcodes corresponding to 7 genera, namely *Agyneta*, *Metopobactrus*, *Megaleptyphantes*, *Midas*, *Pocadicnemis*, *Tapinocyba* and*Walckenaeria*. The mPTP algorithm yielded 14 clusters (Fig. [19](#F4425013){ref-type="fig"}). Ten of the groups had a one-to-one fit to the nominal species identified in the study, while the remaining four included more than one species. In the genus *Metopobactrus*, we discovered a case of male polymorphism. Eleven specimens of this genus were collected from two different national parks. One male from Ordesa was identified as *M. prominulus* (Fig. [7](#F4424835){ref-type="fig"}a), while the remaining males were collected in Picos de Europa and presented a remarkable turret-like cephalic lobe (Fig. [7](#F4424835){ref-type="fig"}b), similar to the one reported in the congeneric species *M. falcifrons* Simon, 1884, from France and Spain. Although slight differences were observed in the tibial apophyses between the single specimen from Ordesa and the specimens from Picos de Europa (Fig. [7](#F4424835){ref-type="fig"}d-g), these were not greater than the variation observed amongst the Picos specimens. Identification of females from Picos was inconclusive, while no females were collected from Ordesa. The DNA barcodes of the 5 *Metopobactrus* adult specimens available revealed low levels of intraspecific divergence (0.8%). The singleton identified as *A. orites* was clustered together with a singleton of *A. simplicitarsis*, which was odd considering that both males have conspicuous morphological differences. Although the remaining *Agyneta* individuals were all clustered together, two distinct lineages were apparent within this cluster, one including males identified as *A. rurestris* and *A. pseudorurestris* and a second one including males identified as *A. fuscipalpa*. Female specimens of this genus are very difficult to identify by morphology alone. The genetic delimitation assigned three females to the lineage including the three *A. fuscipalpa* males, while the remaining females were included in the *A. rurestris/A. pseudorurestris* males group. The most extremes case of interspecific clustering was that of the grouping of specimens belonging to the two *Tapinocyba* species (*T. affinis* and *T. mitis*), which also included the single specimen of *Walckenaeria incisa*.
The largest intraspecific divergences corresponded to *P. juncea* (2.4%), while remaining divergences were below 1%. The interspecific divergences, on the other hand, were all above 10%. The nominal species *Tapinocyba affinis*, *T. mitis* and *Walckenaeria incisa* delimited in a single cluster, showed interspecific divergences between 11%, for the congeneric comparison, and \>15% between genera. The genetic divergence between the two distinct groups within the large *Agyneta* cluster was 4.8%.
The BOLD automatic identification algorithm correctly identified the following species: *Metopobactrus prominulus*, *Walckenaeria acuminata*, *Walckenaeria antica*, *Walckenaeria dysderoides* and *Walckenaeria unicornis* (similarity \>98.92%). The closest match for *Tapinocyba affinis* corresponded to an unidentified *Tapinocyba* (similarity 98.78), and the tree based identification clustered it close to sequences identified as *T. affinis* and *T. pallens* (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873). Surprisingly, our *P. juncea* sequences were assigned to *P. pumila* (similarity 99.85%), while sequences identified in our study as *P. pumila*, were assigned to *P. americana* (95.44%). The *Agyneta* specimens identified as *A. orites* and *A. simplicitarsis* were both assigned by BOLD to *A. simplicitarsis* (98.92 and 100%, respectively). The group including *A. rurestris*, both males of *A. pseudorurestris* and several problematic females, was assigned to *A. rurestris* (100%), while the lineage with *A. fuscipalpa* males and other problematic females was assigned to *A. fuscipalpa* (99.8%). The two *Megaleptyphantes* species identified in our samples were assigned by BOLD to *M. pseudocollinus* (97.14 and 97.69% respectively), and after carefully revising these specimens, we opted to classify them as M. cf. collinus. The species *Walckenaeria corniculans* did not return any match but did cluster with available conspecifics (94.8%, Germany and Turkey), and the grouping also included a *W. monoceros* (Germany). The remaining query sequences had no conspecifics in BOLD and did not return any match.
**Family *Philodromidae***
The Philodromidae are among the most difficult spider families to identify in the Mediterranean, especially female specimens ([@B4688048]). Species commonly present indistinct genitalia which, coupled with intraspecific variability, often clouds the decision of morphology based identification. Therefore, the Philodromidae provided an ideal test case to integrate DNA barcode information with traditional morphological approaches to species delimitation and identification. The genera *Philodromus, Pulchellodromus* and *Thanatus* include species with similar genitalia and females are usually difficult to identify. We sequenced 259 specimens belonging to the *Philodromus* plus the single species of *Tibellus* collected, which yielded 149 unique DNA barcodes. The single-gene species delimitation method resolved 21 putative species (Fig. [20](#F4425023){ref-type="fig"}), which neatly corresponded to our species identified using male morphological characters and in few cases on females. However, in some instances morphological assignations of females did not match the genetic clusters. Specifically, some females originally assigned by morphology to different collected species belonging to the *Philodromus-aureolus* group (as defined in [@B4721534]), turned out to form a distinct genetic cluster, to which we refer as *Philodromus* sp18. Within cluster genetic divergences were low, below 1% except for clusters corresponding to *Philodromus rufus, Pulchellodromus simoni*, exclusively formed by female specimens, and *Thanatus vulgaris*, which showed 1.5, 1.02 and 1.6%, respectively. The lowest between-cluster divergence observed was between two *Philodromus* clusters (3%), both identified as *Philodromus aureolus.* The remaining intra-cluster divergences were all above 10%, except for some within-genus comparisons that dropped to between 5.3 to 8% (e.g. 5.3% between *Pulchellodromus glaucinus* and *Pulchellodromus pulchellus*). The sequences of *Thanatus oblongiusculus* were more similar to those of *Tibellus oblongus* (11.6%) than to any of the two other *Thanatus* species sampled (15.1 and 15.5%).
Automatic identification in BOLD returned matches (\>97.38% similarity) for 15 out of the 21 clusters. The closest match of the species *Philodromus emarginatus* was a conspecific (similarity 93.52%, Finland, Norway and Russia). *Pulchellodromus simoni* returned a 98.5% similarity with an unidentified Philodromidae from Egypt. The following species had no conspecific available in BOLD: *Philodromus fuscolimbatus*, *Philodromus buchari*, *Philodromus lividus*, *Pulchellodromus glaucinus*, *Tanatus oblongiusculus* or *Philodromus pinetorum*. Interestingly sp. 18 was assigned to *Philodromus praedatus* (\>99%, similarity). However, after visualising the identification tree, we observed that sequences identified as *Philodromus praedatus* in BOLD formed two independent clusters, one formed by 2 specimens from Germany, 1 from Slovenia and one identified as of *Philodromus longipalpis*, identical to the Slovenian specimen, closer to our sp. 18 and a second cluster that included the bulk of *Philodromus praedatus* specimens (Germany, Bulgaria, Switzerland and the Netherlands), to which our sequences identified as *Philodromus praedatus* clustered.
Discussion
==========
The taxonomic and ecological data gathered in semi-quantitative inventories, such as the one conducted here, provide essential information on the diversity and health of ecosystems and set the ground for subsequent monitoring programmes that track changes in space and time for conservation and management purposes ([@B4423375]). Arthropods and other highly diverse invertebrates are excellent indicators of the health of ecosystems. On one hand, they provide information on biodiversity patterns and provide the data to infer the processes behind them at finer spatial and shorter temporal scales than vertebrates or plants ([@B4423827]). On the other hand, because of the high abundance and short generation time, they are more sensitive to environmental perturbations ([@B4424176]). Despite their advantages for tracking ecosystem changes, arthropods and invertebrates, in general, are often neglected in biodiversity studies and conservation programmes due to the Linnean, Wallacean, Prestonian and Hutchinsonian shortfalls ([@B4423549]). Optimised sampling protocols ([@B4423960]), especially those based on taxon sampling curves ([@B4423618], [@B4423603]), offer unparallelled opportunities to study communities of mega-diverse groups. Our study confirms the productivity of semi-quantitative protocols such as COBRA, through which we were able to recover three-quarters of the families, half of the genera and close to one-third of the species known to be present in the Iberian Peninsula.
Traditionally, inventorying of arthropods has also been hampered by poor taxonomy (e.g. uninformative diagnosis, lack of illustrations) and the lack of taxonomic expertise. Molecular approaches may provide a more time efficient and informative at finer scales alternative to morphologically based identification (e.g. [@B4683902]). However, the exclusive use of molecular information for species delimitation and identification, especially when it is based exclusively on single, haplotypic markers, may be challenged by a number of events: e.g. coalescent processes associated with large population sizes and recent species divergences ([@B4423863]), hybridisation between close relatives ([@B4424146]) or deep population structuring in low dispersal species ([@B4423839]). Additionally, the female inheritance of mitochondrial markers may compromise their ability to delimit species boundaries in species with male-biased gene-flow ([@B4424016]). Ideally, molecular data should be used in combination with morphological identification to alleviate the former limitations in species identification -- by facilitating sorting and assignment of sex, stages and remains and democratising identification ([@B4423692], [@B4424035], [@B4423702]) -- and in species delimitation -- by reinterpreting phenotypic polymorphism ([@B4423712], [@B4424116]) or revealing introgressive hybridisation ([@B4424055]).
Our study stands out as a clear example of the benefits of incorporating DNA barcode information to contrast and refine preliminary sorting and identification solely based on morphological observations and vice-versa. First, DNA barcodes revealed previously overlooked diversity in some of the investigated groups. Specifically, deeply divergent genetic lineages that could not be assigned to any nominal species, using either morphology or BOLD identification, were found within the Dictynidae genera *Brigittea, Nigma* and *Lathys*. This indicates a lack of knowledge even for a taxon -- dyctinids -- that is not particularly species-rich in the region. Putative new species of *Brigittea* (sp04), *Lathys* (sp01, only females) and *Nigma* (sp19, only females), were found in parks with Mediterranean characteristics (Cabañeros and Monfragüe and sp. 19 also in Sierra Nevada). These data point to the existence of overlooked diversity within a species with a continental-wide distribution in Europe and call for further phylogeographic scrutiny. Other Dictynidae species may show a similar pattern. For instance, *Mastigusa arietina* specimens, sampled from Aigüestortes and Sierra Nevada, showed even deeper genetic divergences than *Lathys*, although the small sample size (2 individuals) prevented us from taking any further decisions.
Second, DNA barcodes provided evidence to assign unknown or poorly diagnosable specimens to species. For example within Dictynidae, the DNA barcodes confirmed that one female identified as *Nigma* (Dictynidae) was conspecific to the male identified as *N. gratiosa*, a poorly known species for which females had not been previously documented. Here we illustrate the female of this species for the first time (see Fig. [5](#F4424810){ref-type="fig"}). A similar situation was observed in Philodromidae, which are amongst the most difficult spider families to identify in the Mediterranean, especially regarding female specimens ([@B4688048]). After the first round of morphological identifications, DNA barcoding clusters revealed several mismatches to morphological identifications, in all instances involving female specimens. Morphological re-examination of the conflicting specimens suggested that mismatches were the result of either poorly interpreted or lack of diagnostic characters. In the Philodromidae, for example, two individuals first considered as a different morphospecies were later assigned by DNA barcodes to *Philodromus lividus* and the specimens re-interpreted as immatures with a protoepigyne (but with apparently complete spermathecae). Similarly, in the Linyphiidae, several female specimens of the linyphiid genus *Agyneta*, tentatively assigned to morphospecies *Agyneta* sp02, were shown to belong to two distinct genetic lineages, probably corresponding to the nominal species *A. fuscipalpa, A. rurestris* and *A. pseudorurestris*, respectively.
Third, DNA barcodes merged individuals that had been tentatively assigned to different morphotypes during sorting, suggesting that the supposedly diagnostic traits were better interpreted as intraspecific polymorphisms. The morphological study of the Gnaphosidae genus *Micaria* indicated the presence of three different nominal species belonging to the *formicaria* species group, namely *M. coarctata* (Lucas, 1846), *M. formicaria* (Sundevall, 1831) and *M. guttigera*, only distinguishable by either characters such as prosoma measurements, or colouration pattern. However, all the analysed individuals were merged in a single genetic lineage with low genetic divergences (0.3%). After revising all male specimens, we noticed that, although smaller males had different prosoma proportions, their somatic aspect and male palp were all extremely similar. Therefore, we opted to lump all these specimens together as a single species tentatively referred as *M. guttigera*, given that their colouration pattern and prosoma measurements could exclude them from *M. coarctata* and *M. formicaria*, respectively. Reliable characters to clearly diagnose the species of the *formicaria*-group, in which all share the typical two small tibial apophyses and a simple bulbus, are missing.
In the family Linyphiidae, *Metopobactrus prominulus* constitutes a good example of the power of an integrative approach to species delimitation and identification. If we based our data solely on morphology-based taxonomy, we would think an additional species was present in our samples because erigonine species are usually diagnosed, amongst other characters, by the shape of the male cephalic modifications. Given the addition of the species delimitation analysis using DNA barcodes, we, therefore, concluded that all our specimens belonged to *M. prominulus* and that the remarkable turret-like carapace lobe of the males found in Picos de Europa is an undescribed dimorphism within this species. This is clearly exemplified by a recent study ([@B4423433]) that reports for the first time the presence of *Thaumatoncus indicator* Simon, 1884 in the Iberian Peninsula, based on specimens that most likely belong to the *M. prominulus* with the turret-like cephalic lobe. Similarly, the recent record of *M. falcifrons* in the northern side of Picos de Europa ([@B4423753]), most likely also corresponds to *M. prominulus*. Cephalic modifications are common in many erigonines species and are frequently associated to pheromone secreting glands involved in sexual behaviour ([@B4423920]). The polymorphisms in the development of the cephalic modification are not exclusive to *M. prominulus*. It was first reported and subsequently studied in another erigonine, *Oedothorax gibbosus* (Blackwall, 1841) ([@B4423628], [@B4423733]) and has been subsequently discovered in other erigonines ([@B4423509]).
In a few cases, we decided to resolve the disagreement on species delimitation between phenotypes and DNA barcodes in favour of the morphological evidence. This was the case in the dictynid *Brigittea civica* and the philodromid *Philodromus aureolus*, which were both split into two lineages with low between-lineage divergence (2.3% and 3%, respectively) and no clear geographic pattern. Additionally, the two lineages of each species returned the same automatic identification in BOLD. Therefore, we assigned the two clusters to the corresponding nominal species and considered their genetic differences as intraspecific divergence. More complex is the case observed in the linyphiidae genus *Agyneta*, where molecular delimitation merged together individuals identified as belonging to *A. orites* and *A. simplicitarsis* (1.2% interspecific divergence), while individuals identified as *A. pseudorurestris*, were mixed with individuals belonging to *A. rurestris*. All these mismatched specimens were revised and their initial morphological identification confirmed, which leads us to suggest that this was probably the result of non-exclusivity of the DNA barcodes, either due to recent speciation, introgression or incomplete lineage sorting. Additional nuclear data and a more thorough geographic sampling should be conducted to select amongst the possible alternatives.
It is also important to highlight that some of the mismatches between the morphological sorting and the molecular delimitation may be actually due to limitations in the algorithm implanted to establish species boundaries. Surprisingly, the mPTP method was unable to split individuals of well-defined nominal species, in some cases even belonging to different genera, despite the significant genetic divergences. In the Linyphiidae, the most obvious case was the grouping of specimens belonging to the two *Tapinocyba* species (*T. affinis* and *T. mitis*), which also included one specimen of *Walckenaeria incisa*, which show divergences above 10% amongst them. Similarly in the Gnaphosidae, the two *Scotophaeus* species were clustered together despite showing genetic divergence above \~12%. The reasons for the rare lumping of divergent sequences (it was only observed in 2 out of the 53 groupings generated) are difficult to assess, but it clearly exemplifies that the method is not error-proof and recommends exerting some quality control on the automatic molecular assignment.
The genetic data was further used to interrogate the generic status of *Thanatus oblongiusculus*, which has been a matter of debate. Depending on the source, the species has been cited as a *Philodromus, Thanatus, Tibellus* or even assigned to its own monotypic genus, *Paratibellus* Simon, 1932 ([@B4424945]). We identified 4 specimens from Sierra Nevada as belonging to this species. Molecular analyses revealed that genetic divergences between *Thanatus oblongiusculus* and *Tibellus oblongus* were lower than those of any of these species to the other *Thanatus* species sampled. Additionally, the inferred gene trees were compatible with the sister group relationship between *Thanatus oblongiusculus* and *Tibellus*. Future studies based on a more thorough taxon sampling and additional markers may provide further evidence for the transfer of *Thanatus oblongiusculus* to the genus *Tibellus*.
BOLD identifications
--------------------
The disagreements between DNA barcodes and morphological data were not only restricted to the specimen sorting and species delimitation. Some mismatches were observed between the morphological identification and the automatic molecular assignment conducted in BOLD. Wrong identifications are not necessarily the result of a lack of expertise and may instead be the reflection of conflicting taxonomy, poor diagnoses or missing informative characters, either due to the stage or preservation of the specimens. In some cases, such apparent misidentifications revealed additional cases of potential new species, but in others, they were interpreted as errors in the BOLD reference library. Several individuals (5 males and 1 female) from the southern parks, identified as belonging to the gnaphosid *Scotophaeus blackwalli*, were slightly smaller than the cosmopolitan form. Although sequences of *S. blackwalli* from Germany and North America were available for comparison, the molecular identification in BOLD did not return any species level identification, which may suggest that our *S. blackwalli* specimens may, in fact, correspond to a different species. It should be noted that a recently described species, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, *S. nanoides* Wunderlich, 2011, bears similar genitalia to our *S. blackwalli* specimens. However, the reported chaetotaxy of the two species did not match. Availability of DNA barcodes for specimens identified as *S. nanoides* will help to elucidate the taxonomic status of our specimens. A second *Scotophaeus* species, represented by a single female specimen, greatly resembled *S. scutulatus* and *S. validus* (Lucas, 1846) in the genitalia. The BOLD identification tool confirmed that our specimen most likely did not belong to the *S. scutulatus*, because, despite the fact that *S. scutulatus* from Germany, Greece and Turkey were available in BOLD, it neither clustered with these specimens nor resulted in a correct assignment (similarity 87.83 to 87.99%). We provisionally refer to this specimen as Scotophaeus cf. validus.
In the Philodromidae, the *Philodromus praedatus* species group nicely illustrates the challenge of identifying species that display a remarkable degree of genitalic plasticity. The 29 DNA barcodes available in BOLD belonged to two different genetic clusters (as generated by BOLD own clustering algorithm), with a mean genetic divergence of 5.5%, which closely matches the intraspecific divergences of other nominal species within species complexes found in our study. The two clusters included specimens from Germany and Slovenia. The first cluster also included specimens from the Netherlands and Switzerland and the second an additional specimen identified as *Philodromus longipalpis* from Greece. Our specimens identified as *Philodromus praedatus* as illustrated by [@B4424065], matched the first cluster, while an unknown morph referred to as *Philodromus* sp18, clustered with the second group. Due to the mixed identifications in the second cluster and the lack of male specimens, we were reluctant to assign our sp. 18 morph to any nominal species.
Finally, a surprising result was to find out that the specimens identified in our study as the linyphiid *Pocadicnemis juncea*, returned *P. pumila* as the best match in BOLD, while our specimens identified as *P. pumila* could not be assigned. Interestingly, *P. pumila* in BOLD included several genetic clusters, some of which include specimens identified as *P. juncea* in other studies. Our working explanation is a misidentification of *P. pumila* in the reference DNA barcodes in BOLD.
Closing remarks
---------------
Prior to this study, little was known on the spider communities of the Spanish Network of National Parks despite their relevance for ensuring the preservation of exceptional landscapes and their value for future generations. Until now, spider surveys have been conducted in Picos de Europa ([@B4423753]) and Cabañeros ([@B4423464]). Here, we present, for the first time, checklists for four additional parks, including abundance information and site preferences. In addition, the DNA barcodes, generated in the framework of the IBERCODING project, will serve as the reference dataset and the basis for an automatic identification system that will ease the monitoring of the studied plots. Finally, some of the species recorded showed morphological variability and deep intraspecific divergences that hint at additional overlooked diversity. Although our study has gone beyond the tip of the iceberg, it may have still fallen short of uncovering the entire iceberg.
Supplementary Material
======================
######
Species assignemnt to biogeographic categories
Data type: biogeographic categories
File: oo_238705.csv
Jagoba Malubres-Olarte
We are deeply grateful to all the people that contributed to the different stages in the development of this project. Youcef Alioua, Raquel García Sarrión, Iratxe Uribarri and Najet Dimassi participated in the sorting and initial identification of the samples. Raquel Alvarez was involved in the generation of the DNA barcode information. The following park directors and managers granted the permits and provided logistic facilities for collecting in the parks: Miguel M. de la Hoz (Picos de Europa), Elena Villagrasa (Ordesa), Maria Merced Aniz Montes (Aigüestortes), Angel Rodriguez Martin (Monfragüe), Angel Gómez Manzaneque (Cabañeros) and Blanca Ramos Losada (Sierra Nevada). We are indebted to all the park rangers that supported us in the field. Josep M. Ninot, Jose Luis Benito, Álvaro Bueno, Gerard Giménez Pérez and Jordi Vayreda guided us in the selection of the park plots in the early stages of the project. Stuart Longhorn, Mark Harvey and Gergin Blagoev reviewed earlier drafts of the work and offered insightful comments that greately improved the manuscript. This study was funded by the Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN \#485/2012). Additional support was provided by 2014SGR1604 from the Catalan Government.
Author contributions
====================
MA conceived the original idea, devised and supervised the project. PC, JML contributed conceptual ideas and helped to design the project. MA, LC, PC, CFL, NMH, EM, PM, EM, JML, VO, EP, CR, MRC, DR, PS, VZ participated in the sampling and sorting. LC identified and illustrated most of the material. MD participated in the sorting, identification and DNA barcode editing and management. AE, PM conducted the molecular lab analyses. JMO participated in the analyses. LC, MA wrote the manuscript with support from MD, JMO. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis and manuscript.
{ref-type="table"} for additional information on plots and parks.](bdj-06-e29443-g001){#F4424679}
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Pictures of collection localities
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Pictures of collection localities:
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{#F4425013}
######
Maximum likelihood tree of the Philodromidae DNA barcode sequences analyzed, using a codon partition model with IQ-tree. Red colored clusters correspond to candidate species as delimited using the mPTP algorithm (see text for details)
{#F4425028}
{#F4425029}
######
Information on the sampling sites. Site codes are derived from abbreviated park names. Geographical coordinates are given in the format of decimal degrees (DD).
--------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
**Site code** **Region** **Province** **Locality** **Coordinates (Lat. / Lon.)** **Altitude (m)** **Collection dates** **Habitat**
P1 Castilla y Leon Leon Monte Robledo 43.14450 / -4.92675 1071.6 7.VI.2013--21.VI.2013 *Quercus petraea*
P2 Castilla y Leon Leon Joyoguelas 43.17771 / -4.90579 764.0 7.VI.2013--22.VI.2013 *Quercus faginea*
P3 Castilla y Leon Leon Las Arroyas 43.14351 / -4.94878 1097.1 8.VI.2013--23.VI.2013 *Quercus petraea*
P4 Castilla y Leon Leon El Canto 43.17227 / -4.90857 943.5 9.VI.2013--24.VI.2013 *Quercus faginea*
O1 Aragon Huesca O Furno 42.60677 / 0.13135 1396.7 12.VI.2013--26.VI.2013 *Quercus subpyrenaica*
O2 Aragon Huesca Rebilla 42.59427 / 0.15290 1158.1 13.VI.2013--27.VI.2013 *Quercus subpyrenaica*
A1 Catalonia Lleida Sola de Boi 42.54958 / -0.87254 1759.8 15.VI.2013--29.VI.2013 *Quercus pubescens*
A2 Catalonia Lleida Sola de Boi 42.54913 / 0.87137 1738.7 16.VI.2013--30.VI.2013 *Quercus pubescens*
M1 Extremadura Cáceres Peña Falcón 39.83296 / -6.06410 320.6 23.V.2014--6.VI.2014 *Quercus faginea*
M2 Extremadura Cáceres Fuente del Frances 39.82800 / -6.03249 320.7 24.V.2014--7.VI.2014 *Quercus faginea*
C1 Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real Valle Brezoso 39.35663 / -4.35912 756.6 27.V.2014--9.VI.2014 *Quercus pyrenaica*
C2 Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real Valle Brezoso 39.35159 / -4.35890 739.3 28.V.2014--10.VI.2014 *Quercus pyrenaica*
C3 Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real La Quesera 39.36177 / -4.41733 767.6 29.V.2014--11.VI.2014 *Quercus faginea*
C4 Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real La Quesera 39.36337 / -4.41704 772.3 30.V.2014--12.VI.2014 *Quercus faginea*
S1 Andalucia Granada Soportujar 36.96151 / -3.41881 1786.6 31.V.2014--14.VI.2014 *Quercus pyrenaica*
S2 Andalucia Granada Camarate 37.18377 / -3.26282 1714.0 1.VI.2014--15.VI.2014 *Quercus pyrenaica*
--------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
######
Primers used for amplification.
-------------- -------------- ---------------------------- ---------------
**Location** **Nickname** **Sequence** **Reference**
C1-J-1490 LCOI1490 GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG [@B4423653]
C1-N-2198 HCOI2198 TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA [@B4423653]
C1-N-2191 Nancy CCCGGTAAAATTAAAATATAAACTTC [@B4424075]
C1-J-1751 Ron GGATCACCTGATATAGCATTCCC [@B4424075]
C1-J-1834 mlCOIintF GGWACWGGWTGAACWGTWTAYCCYCC [@B4423849]
C1-N-2198 jgHCOI2198 TAIACYTCIGGRTGICCRAARAAYCA [@B4423849]
-------------- -------------- ---------------------------- ---------------
[^1]: Academic editor: Gergin Blagoev
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Central |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
The consumer meat quality perception plays an important role in the marketing and important sensory attributes are taste, tenderness, juiciness, freshness, leanness, healthiness and nutrition (Grunert *et al*., [@ref17]) that are mostly influenced by breed, sex and age. These parameters are also correlated to techniques of handling, feeding, slaughtering and period of refrigerationageing post mortem.
The influence of ageing on beef quality in terms of tenderness is considered the most important trait affecting consumer beef-eating satisfaction (Beermann, [@ref4]). Effects of ageing on beef tenderness have been well-documented (Bratcher *et al*., [@ref5]; Colle *et al*., [@ref7]; Dixon *et al*., [@ref10]; Eilers, *et al*., [@ref11]; Gruber *et al*., [@ref16]). It is indeed demonstrated that ageing increase beef tenderness because of the decrease of shear force values during post-mortem storage (Field *et al*., [@ref13]; Jennings *et al*., [@ref21]) as a result of the calpains myofibrillar proteolysis (Koohmarie, 1996). Dry ageing is one of the ageing techniques commonly used where unpacked meat is exposed directly to controlled environmental conditions (temperature, humidity and ventilation).
Dry-aged beef show a particular taste and flavour; however, this process is expensive because of high drying up, weight loss, possible high bacterial load and economic investment in terms of equipment and space (Parrish *et al.*, [@ref28]). However, consumers would be willing to pay more the ageing beef meat once familiarized with its peculiar rheological characteristics (De Geer *et al.*, [@ref9]).
Most research (Lepper-Blilie *et al*., [@ref25]; Perry, [@ref30]) on beef tenderness has focused on the effects of relatively shortterm ageing (80 days or less); the effects of extended ageing on tenderness, colour and on other features of beef meat have not yet been investigated.
The aim of the work is the evaluation of the effect of a long ageing period (290 days) on the microbiological, rheological and physical-chemical characteristics of bovine beef.
Materials and Methods {#sec1-2}
=====================
Sampling {#sec2-1}
--------
For the trial n. 3 Marchigiana bovine breed, slaughtered in an EU authorized slaughterhouse at 34 months and live weight of approximately 760 kg were chosen. The half-carcasses were cold stored (0±3ºC) for five days and then the sirloin steak muscles (SSM) from both sides of the animal was removed. Subsequently the SSM were placed during the period of dry ageing in a forced ventilation cell with an automatic extraction system set at a temperature of 0°C and at HR values ranging between 68 and 70%. The back wall of the ageing cell was characterized by a particular coating represented by rock salt tiles (Pink Hymalaya Salt) of about 2 cm deep. The analytical determinations, performed in Food Chemistry and Food Microbiology laboratories of the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions of the University of Naples Federico II, were performed on SSM at T0 (13 days post slaughter (dPS)), T1 (36- dPS), T2 (110-dPS), T3 (170-dPS) and T4 (290-dPS). WBSF test was performed in Animal Science laboratory of Department of Agricultural Science of the University of Naples Federico II. From each SSM 3.00 cm-thick steaks were aseptically removed each time of sampling.
Physical-chemical analyses {#sec2-2}
--------------------------
Physical-chemical analyses were evaluated by: pH, measured with a digital pHmeter (Crison-Micro TT 2022, Crison Instruments, Barcelona), a~w~ (Aqualab 4 TE - Decagon Devices Inc., USA), Moisture (%) determined by oven drying for 24-h at 105°C (AOAC, [@ref1]). Fat alteration index was evaluated by Thiobarbituric acid test (AOAC, [@ref2]).
For the determination of nutritional value and for labelling purpose, according to Reg. EU 1169/11, total fat content, total saturated fat, salt content (% NaCl), sugars, carbohydrates, proteins and energy were determined (AOAC, [@ref2]). All tests were done on n. 3 different samples in duplicate.
Microbiological analyses {#sec2-3}
------------------------
Ten grams of each sample and 90 mL (1:10 (W/W)) of sterilized Peptone Water (PW, CM0009, OXOID, Basingstoke, UK) were placed in a sterile stomacher bag and homogenized for three minutes at 230 rpm using a peristaltic homogenizer (BagMixer^®^400 P, Interscience, Saint Nom, France).
Subsequently, ten-fold serial dilutions of each homogenate were prepared in PW, followed by streaking in duplicate for total bacterial counts (TBC) performed according to ISO 4833-2:2013 on Plate Count Agar (PCA; CM0325, Oxoid) incubated at 30°C for 48/72-h and for the count of the Enterobacteriaceae (EB) performed according to ISO 21528-2:2017 on Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar (VRBG, CM1082, Oxoid) incubated at 37°C for 24-h. The enumeration of yeasts and moulds was performed according to ISO 21527-1 on Dichloran Rose-Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC, CM0727, Oxoid) incubated at 25°C for 120/168-hours.
The isolation of *L. monocytogenes* was performed using the microbiological isolation methods ISO 11290-1:2017. In brief, 25 grams portions of each sample were homogenized into 225 ml (1:10 (W/W)) of Half Fraser broth (HF, CM1053, Oxoid) and incubated at 30°C for 24-h. Subsequently, a loopful of the enrichment both was transferred to the surface of ALOA and PALCAM plates and incubated at 37°C for 24-h. Moreover, 0.1 ml of the Half Fraser broth was also transferred to 10 ml of Fraser broth and incubated at 37°C for 24/48-h. Afterward, the subculture of Fraser broth was transferred in PALCAM and ALOA medium and incubated at 37°C for 24/48-h. To confirm the presence of L. monocytogenes, morphological, physiological and biochemical test were carried out.
Rheological analysis {#sec2-4}
--------------------
On all samples were determined: a) Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) that measures the compression force developed by the texturometer (Shimadzu EZ test) when compressing a piece of meat (Ruiz de Huidobro, 2003). A cylindrical 10 mmdiameter probe of ebonite was used for all TPA tests in this study.; b) Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), that measures the force necessary to shear a piece of meat (1.27 cm of diameter) was determined using a Instron universal testing machine (Model 4201; Instron, Corp., Canton, MA ) with a 50 kg compression load cell operating at a crosshead speed of 250 mm/min. The parameter recorded was the maximum shear force which is the maximum resistance of the sample to shearing (Xiong *et al*., [@ref43]); For all rheological analysis the steak cores were collected parallel to the muscle fibres, using a hand-held steel cork borer; c) Colorimetric assessment was performed by a Konica Minolta CR300 colorimeter (Minolta, Osaka, Japan) by CIE L\*a\* b \*colour scale.
{#fig001}
{#fig002}
{#fig003}
Results {#sec1-3}
=======
Physical-chemical analyses {#sec2-5}
--------------------------
PH increased during ageing process ([Figure 1](#fig001){ref-type="fig"}). On the other hand, a~w~ slowly decrease during the ageing process until T3: a sudden decline from 0.9629 to 0.9535 was observed ([Figure 2](#fig002){ref-type="fig"}). [Figure 3](#fig003){ref-type="fig"} shows the trend of malondialdehyde (MDA) during ageing process.
Lipid oxidation increased slowly during the first sampling time of ageing process showing a sudden rise from T2 with values ranging between 0.273 and 1.036 mg MDA/kg ([Figure 3](#fig003){ref-type="fig"}).
[Table 1](#table001){ref-type="table"}, according to Reg. UE 1169/11, show the nutritional values of beef during the ageing period.
Microbiological analyses {#sec2-6}
------------------------
TBC and EB, showed a progressive decrease during ageing from 6.82 log~10~ CFU/g at T0 to 6.13 log~10~ CFU/g at T4 ([Figure 4](#fig004){ref-type="fig"}) and from 2.58 log~10~ CFU/g at T0 to 2.08 log~10~ CFU/g at T4 ([Figure 5](#fig005){ref-type="fig"}), respectively. The yeast slightly increased during ageing from 4.6 log~10~ CFU/g at T0 to 4.81 log~10~ CFU/g at T4 ([Figure 6](#fig006){ref-type="fig"}). Only moulds showed a stable trend (2 log~10~ CFU/g from T0 to T4 -- [Figure 7](#fig007){ref-type="fig"}).
No pathogens were found.
Rheological analysis {#sec2-7}
--------------------
Coefficient of variation (CV) for instrumental parameters of TPA and WBSF profile during the meat maturation are showed in [Table 2](#table002){ref-type="table"} (average values of n. 10 test on n. 3 different steak).
Among TPA variables measured, friability and springiness showed the highest (148.75 %) and lowest (11.43%) coefficient of variation respectively.
Particularly, the adhesiveness and the hardness showed the same trend: the values increased up to T4, with a low decrease at T3. Elasticity, cohesion and resilience result constant throughout the meat ageing. Conhesion and gumminess increased slowly until T3 showing only in the last interval values 3-4 times higher than the initial ones.
WBSF parameters decreased during ageing period, due to an increase in tenderness.
Concerning colour analysis L \*decreased, reaching final values of 10.41 confirming meat darkening. The coordinates a\* and b\* showed the same behaviour: a\* and b\* values increased up to T2 and then showed a fluctuating trend. Considering the colour space CIE L\*a\*b \*meat sample during maturation moved to the colour area coinciding with the red (a\*) and yellow (b\*) becoming significantly darker and slightly redder. This higher b \*value could result from faster oxygenation on the fresh aged cut before a measurement was taken (Mac Dougall, [@ref26]).
{#fig004}
######
Nutritional values of beef during the ageing period.
Paramenters Average values - 100 g
----------------- ------------------------ ------- -------- -------- --------
Caloreis (Kcal) 171,68 175,1 185,69 192,84 192,98
Proteins 17,92 19,54 23,33 29,54 33.09
Carbohydrates 0,25 0,52 0,66 0,76 0,81
Sugars / / / / /
Fat 11 10,54 9,97 7,96 6,38
Saturated fat 4,66 4,36 3,52 2,57 2,36
Sodium 0,66 0,72 1,33 1,45 1,56
######
TPA and WBSF profile and coefficient of variation of during the meat maturation.
Parameters T0 T4 CV (%)
---------------------- -------- --------- --------
Adhesiveness - TPA -1.251 -13.566 106.45
Hardness - TPA 10.025 41.478 70.03
Springiness - TPA 0.653 0.660 11.43
Cohesiveness - TPA 0.425 0.295 20.11
Resilience - TPA 0.110 0.114 40.68
Cohesion - TPA 1.910 5.390 57.13
Gumminess - TPA 4.00 12.164 51.90
Chewiness - TPA 2.598 8.072 49.07
Friability - TPA 0 18.856 148.75
Peak force - WBSF 29.4 5.64 72.45
Initial force - WBSF 29.4 2.09 145.40
Work - WBSF 140.91 25.5 50.47
Discussion {#sec1-4}
==========
The initial pH can affect the improvement in tenderness: values detected in our work confirm result of Meat Export Federation of USA that found carcasses more tender with pH ranging between 5.4 and 5.7 (USMEF, 2014).
The pH and a~w~ behaviour were similar to previous studies (Abram and Gaš, 2001; Dashdorj *et al*., [@ref8]; Jayasooriya *et al*., [@ref20]; Silva *et al*., [@ref37]; Tapp *et al*., [@ref39]). Final pH was different from values found by Velotto *et al.* ([@ref41]) in dry aged Marchigiana beef with a short period of maturation (25 days).
Aging method affected weight loss: in this work aged meat loose about 85 % of its weight from T0 to T4 considering losing in moisture and trimming waste, higher than those found by Velotto *et al.* ([@ref41]).
Lipid oxidation generally increased during ageing period as already reported by Colle *et al*., ([@ref7]). However, in the present study MDA values never reached level higher than 1.03 mg MDA/kg of meat, below the threshold value for rancidity of 2 mg MDA/kg (Watts, [@ref42]). Since oxidation decreases calpain activity (Huff-Lonergan and Lonergan, [@ref18]) the low levels of lipid oxidation detected may allow the calpains to stay active longer, so increasing tenderness thanks to the breakdown of muscle fibres caused by enzyme activity. According consumers opinion, the main characteristic to choose meat, besides tenderness, is colour (Renerre and Labas, [@ref34]); unfortunately, meat subjected ageing process becomes darker. The darkening can be caused not only by lipid oxidation (Farouk *et al*., [@ref12]), but also by changes in reducing ability, oxygen consumption rate, oxygen penetration depth, and myoglobin content (McKenna *et al*., [@ref27]). In our study, even if oxidative processes are associated with discolouration of meat producing metamyoglobin by oxymyoglobin oxidation, low levels MDA reached at the end of process, contribute to a lower discoloration than natural meat ageing.
CBT and *EB* are bacteria used to evaluate process hygiene criteria during food production process (Reg. EC 2073/05); The initial counts reflect the general meat microbiological status in relation to carcass handling, time of chilled storage and temperature control (Reid *et al*., [@ref33]; Savell, [@ref36]). In meat stored at refrigerated temperatures are manly composed by *Pseudomonas*, *Brochothrix* and *Carnobacterium* (Peruzy *et al*., [@ref31]), common spoilage microorganism. In the present trial, the average TBC and *EB* levels of the meat was lower to those report in other studies (Chuku *et al*., [@ref6]; Jahan and Siddique, [@ref19]; Pennacchia *et al*., [@ref29]) and showed a progressive slightly decrease during ageing in agreement to ; this result could be due to the ageing protocol applied (T° and U~R~) and to the subsequently decrease of a~w~ (Dashdorj *et al*., [@ref8]). Yeast and mould count had no significative changes because these microorganisms can tolerate the low temperature and a~w~; particularly, dry ageing encourages the growth of beneficial mould that could release proteases and create collagenolytic enzymes which break down the muscle and connective tissues bringing about tenderness and taste in the finished product (PrimeSafe).
{#fig005}
{#fig006}
{#fig007}
Regarding the nutritional content, an increase in the content of proteins, NaCl and carbohydrates has been recorded, probably due to the weight-liquid loss during ageing with their concentration. Opposite behaviour for the fat content was recorded, probably due both to enzymatic lithic and oxidative processes (Dashdorj *et al*., [@ref8]).
WBSF values were ageing time and pHdependent as showed in different studies (Savell, [@ref36]; USMEF, 2014). The increase in tenderness was linked to enzymatic hydrolytic activities during post mortem ageing (Savell, [@ref36]; Spanier *et al*., [@ref38]) by calcium-dependent hydrolases, calpain proteinases and cathepsins (Koohmaraie *et al*., [@ref23]). In this study peak force (WBSF), linked to meat tenderness, showed a progressive decrease, as described by George- Evins *et al*. (2004), to testify the greater tenderness achievement. Hardness had an increase during ageing period: this data demonstrates the surface drying.
Conclusions {#sec1-5}
===========
The results of the present study indicate that extended ageing cause a remarkable weight loss but a limited lipid oxidation and an improvement in tenderness.
Starting from meat with a low CBT counts and checking the protocol of maturation parameters, it's possible to get a more tender aged meat with a light darkening, more pleasing to the consumer.
Aged beef represents for its characteristics a niche product and as such, besides standardizing procedures in terms of U~R~, ventilation and T°, it is important to educate the consumer to this type of product.
Further research is needed to find a method to improve colour and to reduce the trimming waste of extended aged beef.
The authors would thank Mr. Gerardo Buono and Mr. Michele Sgamato of "*La Fattoria del Campiglion*e" who provided expertise that greatly assisted the research.
[^1]: Contributions: GS, AA and RM designed the overall study. GS and LV performed al chemical and rheological determination. MFP and RLA performed microbiological analysis. RM, CMAB and GS analysed the results and drafted the paper. RM, MFP and AA contributed to the ideas behind the study and the writing of the paper.
[^2]: Conflict of interest: the authors declare no potential conflict of interest.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Central |
A human's existence seems to be really fragile and it can shatter like crystal at any given chance. Despite this, they keep on trying to live everyday. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
The present invention relates to magnetic heads, and more particularly, this invention relates to magnetic heads having independently defined reader gap thicknesses.
Business, science and entertainment applications depend upon computing systems to process and record data, often with large volumes of the data being stored or transferred to nonvolatile storage media, such as magnetic discs, magnetic tape cartridges, optical disk cartridges, floppy diskettes, or floptical diskettes. Typically, magnetic tape is the most economical and convenient means of storing or archiving the data. Storage technology is continually pushed to increase storage capacity and storage reliability. Improvement in data storage densities in magnetic storage media, for example, has resulted from improved medium materials, improved error correction techniques and decreased areal bit sizes. The data capacity of half-inch magnetic tape, for example, is now measured in hundreds of gigabytes on 512 or more data tracks.
Tape drive systems for linear tape formats such as Linear Tape Open (LTO) typically have one or two heads, each head having an array of transducers for writing to and reading from the tape. For example, a state-of-the-art multichannel tape magnetic recording head today contains 16 data channels and 2 servo reader channels in each of two bidirectional modules. Current practice is to fabricate the servo reader channels using the same shield-to-shield gap dimensions as those in the data reader channels, as this minimizes fabrication costs.
The improvement in magnetic medium data storage capacity arises in large part from improvements in the magnetic head's reading and writing transducers used for reading and writing data on the magnetic storage medium. A major improvement in transducer technology arrived with the magnetoresistive (MR) sensor originally developed by the IBM® Corporation. The MR sensor transduces magnetic field changes in an MR stripe to resistance changes, which are processed to provide digital signals. Data storage density can be increased because an MR sensor offers signal levels higher than those available from conventional inductive read heads for a given bit area. Moreover, the MR sensor output signal depends only on the instantaneous magnetic field intensity in the storage medium and is independent of the magnetic field time-rate-of-change arising from relative sensor/medium velocity.
The quantity of data stored on a magnetic tape may be increased by increasing the number of data tracks across the tape, which also decreases the distance between adjacent tracks and forces key dimensions of read/write heads to be physically smaller. More tracks are made possible by reducing feature sizes of the read and write elements, such as by using thin-film fabrication techniques and MR sensors.
Similarly, as technology advances, the data reader gaps continue to be optimized to thinner dimensions, providing for detection of higher linear densities of magnetic transitions along the tape. Meanwhile, the linear density of servo tracks on tape is typically unchanged over the various generations of a family of products, and often is more than a factor of 10 lower than the data channel linear density. Also, the trend is toward thinner magnetic coatings on tape, again optimizing data channel characteristics but compromising servo channel signal amplitudes, especially with low density signals and the trend toward decreasing reader gaps. Using the same thin gap in the servo reader channel transducers as the data readers results in both suboptimal performance for the servo channels (in the form of undesirably low signal amplitudes due to the unnecessary thinness of the gaps) and increases reliability concerns for the servo channels, e.g., increased risk of shorting between the MR sensor and metallic magnetic shield (if, for example, a scratch occurs) due to the unnecessary thinness of the gaps.
One proposed solution to the problems described above is to build multiple read channels separately rather than simultaneously. However, such heads are much more expensive to fabricate than heads where all reader channels are created simultaneously.
Another proposed solution includes writing servo-written tape using more elaborate means to increase servo amplitude, e.g., bipolar servo patterns and/or DC erased tracks. However, implementation of these new servo patterns require new servo writing hardware for tape manufacture as well as modified signal detection algorithms in the tape drives.
There is accordingly a clearly-felt need in the art for a magnetic head assembly with definable reader gaps selected to optimize performance and/or reliability. These unresolved problems and deficiencies are clearly felt in the art and are solved by this invention in the manner described below. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | USPTO Backgrounds |
'Blue Valentine' NC-17 Rating Overturned to R Rating
December 9, 2010 (6:03 am) GMT
In the meantime, MPAA has rejected an appeal to reduce 'The King's Speech' rating from R to PG-13.
"Blue Valentine" will be watchable for young audience when it hits limited U.S. theaters on December 31. The drama movie NC-17 rating has been knocked down to R rating following a personal appeal launched by Weinstein Company co-founder Harvey Weinstein to the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).
On December 8, the board decided to overturn the rating after they viewed the film and heard arguments from Weinstein, MPAA spokeswoman Elizabeth Kaltman said. According to Deadline Hollywood, the decision was unanimous.
"I am so appreciative that the MPAA was gracious enough to reconsider their rating of the film," lead actor Ryan Gosling said on MPAA's new decision. "I can't express how grateful I am to those in the media who stood up for the film and put their reputations on the line in using their voices to support something they believed in."
Director Derek Cianfrance has also commented on the happy news, stating "We believed in presenting relationships and sexuality with an honesty and truthfulness often lacking in the grand tradition of Hollywood sensationalism. I am thankful the MPAA saw the light and were humble enough to reverse their decision."
The movie was previously granted NC-17 rating for "strong graphic sexual content, language, and a beating", particularly for an explicit sequence where Gosling's character performs oral sex on his wife, portrayed by Michelle Williams.
While Weinstein Company won the appeal for "Blue Valentine", their appeal effort to reduce "The King's Speech" rating from R to PG-13 has been rejected. The movie, which revolves around a King of England portrayed by Colin Firth, was given R rating for the presence of strong language. It has graced selected U.S. cinemas on November 26 and will open wider starting December 10. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
March 2010. The road to Pyramid Lake winds through a cathedral of trembling aspen, spruce and lodgepole pine that thickens steadily as I cruise toward my own private stargazing island. Thousands of distant rhinestones twinkle in the winter blackness above my sunroof, and the branches whizzing past overhead create the illusion that my car is gliding through space itself.
The parking lot beside the bridge to Pyramid Island, a popular picnic spot in Alberta’s Jasper National Park, is deserted. The skaters who cleared a patch of ice on the frozen lake have long since headed indoors. Not knowing how much farther the snow has been cleared, with nearby resorts closed for the season, I leave my telescope in the car and walk down the path with a pair of image-stabilized binoculars.
Reaching the island’s lone clearing, I stop and close my eyes for five minutes. When I look up, it feels as if I’ve just had laser eye surgery. The Milky Way sparkles like a snowcapped mountain range lit by the sun, stretching from the south to terrestrial Pyramid Mountain to the north. The bright stars of the constellations Gemini and Orion fade into the infinite fields of distant suns. Astronomical objects I thought to be invisible without binoculars stand out clearly to the naked eye: the wispy North America Nebula rises above Indian Ridge, and seven additional sister stars join the Seven Sisters (a.k.a the Pleiades) over The Whistlers, an iconic mountain near the Jasper townsite. The view is even more rewarding with my binoculars, but forgetting them would have made this night no less magical.
Standing on the edge of the lakeshore, I think back to a conversation I had earlier in the day with Gloria Keyes-Brady, Jasper National Park’s interpretation coordinator. We met for a pint at the Whistle Stop Pub, across the street from the cobblestone-and-timber information centre, less than seven kilometres down the road from Pyramid Lake. I was talking about my passion for dark-sky preserves — essentially, stargazing parks where lighting ordinances defend the night from artificial sky glow — when she travelled through time to her childhood.
“Dark skies still give me goosebumps,” said Keyes-Brady, comparing the sky above Jasper to her first experiences under the stars at her family farm near Edson, Alta. “It feels as if the stars are single-handedly lighting up the Earth.” Keyes-Brady was so captivated by the stars of her youth, she wanted to hoard them all for herself. “But something like this is meant to be given away,” she said. “Sharing our night sky is one of the untapped wonders the Rockies can offer.”
Jasper is celebrated for its daytime views of ancient glaciers, glassy lakes and majestic mountains, but the unspoiled sky over these landforms also makes the park an eat-over-the-sink-good feast for your eyes at night. One can see dreamy nightscapes of planets and constellations drifting overhead year-round, but the brightest stars are visible in winter. I visited Jasper twice last year to help Parks Canada staff build a public astronomy program and assist with the area’s bid for official dark-sky preserve status. Over the past few years, a confluence of new ideas (such as interactive amphitheatre presentations and space-themed wilderness outings) and new technology (GPS star finders for your campsite, apps for your iPhone and iPad) has fuelled an explosion of these designated stargazing parks and, with it, a new kind of ecotourism you could call “wilderness astronomy.”
While there’s some confusion between the terms dark-sky preserve, reserve and park and some overlap between domestic and international designating bodies, Canada has, by any measure, more protected stargazing sites than every other country in the world combined. In 2009, four new parks joined eight existing locations, and efforts were underway to add Jasper and several more sites to the list. Driving back to town from Pyramid Lake on this crisp, moonless night, I can’t help fantasizing about eco-vigilantes taking out the last of the town’s offending street lamps with a few well-placed BBs.
Torrance Barrens, a two-hour drive north of Toronto in Ontario’s Muskoka cottage country, became Canada’s first designated dark-sky reserve in 1999, joining a movement that started at Michigan’s Lake Hudson Recreation Area in 1993. Other Canadian locations followed, including more than 550,000 hectares of parkland surrounding Quebec’s Mont-Mégantic Observatory and Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park on the Alberta-Saskatchewan border. In the United States, the iconic arches of southern Utah’s Natural Bridges National Monument have dark-sky status, as do sites in Hungary, Scotland and elsewhere, and Chile is quickly gaining attention for its dark skies.
The original intent of these preserves was to protect wild spaces from the encroaching light pollution of urban centres. Remove the outdated “cobra-head” sodium vapour lights that are still the standard on most North American city streets, dark-sky advocates urged, and install “full-cut-off ” fixtures with bulbs and shields that direct light downward, not up and sideways, thus preventing stray light from being squandered into the sky.
This transition will keep the skies as dark as possible, allowing astronomy clubs and a much broader “polarfleece” audience to enjoy faint galaxies and clouds of nebular gas. Such initiatives also help the bottom line — adopting new lighting is often cheaper than continuing to use older technology — and nocturnal animals. According to an emerging area of science known as scotobiology (the study of biology as affected by darkness), artificial light is often the enemy of indigenous wildlife, distracting insects from pollinating and making small foraging animals more visible to predators at night.
“People mistakenly think of all light as benign,” says Robert Dick, a former University of Ottawa and Carleton University astronomy professor who manages the Light Pollution Abatement Program for The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (RASC), “but research over the past quarter-century has shown that it changes the natural environment and, in doing so, affects the ecological balance. Birds that are drawn to the lights of cities and get trapped in the catacombs of glass towers can collide with the walls, falling stunned or dead to the base of the buildings. The unshielded light outside your window isn’t just illuminating the street — it’s also affecting the health of every animal on the block.”
A noted light-pollution expert, Dick literally wrote the book on dark-sky preserves in 2008, drafting a detailed set of lighting protocol guidelines for the RASC, the group of record for amateur astronomy in Canada. (To receive RASC approval, a location must demonstrate “control of local lighting,” establish “outreach programs aimed at the general public and neighbouring municipalities” and adopt “good nighttime lighting practices.”) Since these guidelines were made available to Parks Canada, more dark-sky preserve applications were reviewed and approved by the RASC in two years than had been in the previous eight. “Just having a unified policy removed the biggest roadblock,” says Dick. The RASC started with established parks, he explains, because they offer a centralized system to work with at the federal or provincial level. Ideally, he adds, every inch of soil and water in Canada will someday adhere to some level of light-pollution policy.
More than a decade after its designation, Torrance Barrens is still excellent stargazing turf, even though amenities for visitors are limited to an outhouse and a parking lot. It’s too far from Toronto to draw many amateur astronomers. The area is so out of the way, in fact, it was perfect stand-in for the Middle East during the filming of David Cronenberg’s bizarre 1991 movie Naked Lunch. But parks with dark-sky status that are developing and promoting stargazing experiences to the public have started to reap the benefits.
Cypress Hills, whose main dark-sky site lies in southeastern Saskatchewan, attracts hundreds of stargazers every summer. The park, at which one Canadian amateur astronomer discovered a comet in 2001, is a sort of Vatican to stargazers, with skies as dark and clear as astronomy meccas such as Arizona but at a high enough latitude to offer frequent displays of northern lights.
On Northern Ontario’s Manitoulin Island, Gordon’s Park Eco Resort welcomes guests to a 1.6-hectare observing field that features cabins, campsites and an overnight tipi experience. “We’ve had people come from Australia and Germany specifically to see the stars,” says Rita Gordon, who founded the world’s first privately owned dark-sky preserve in 2008. “As we developed our eco-park from scratch, astronomy was a natural fit to add to our list of land-based adventures. At night, the first thing we do is take people outdoors, because we know it’s getting harder to see the night sky from so many places.”
Wilderness astronomy’s magnum opus — to date, at least — has to be the extravaganza held for the past three winters at Elk Island National Park, a 45-minute drive east of Edmonton. The entire park is part of the larger Beaver Hills Dark Sky Preserve, which was established in 2006. Because it’s so close to Edmonton and its million or so residents but far enough from city lights, Elk Island is a dark-sky enthusiast’s dream.
At 7 p.m. on a Saturday night in March 2010, 3,600 people were inside the park for the Winter Light Star Party — “and it wasn’t even dark yet,” recalls Pamela Anthony, director of Edmonton’s Winter Light festival and the person who thought up the idea of bringing city folks to the country as a finale for the popular annual event. “These are not space geeks,” she says. “These are ordinary people being blown away by the stars.”
While many such star parties take place over several days, with camping and astronomy workshops on subjects ranging from deep-sky imaging to sessions on how to build your own telescope, the Elk Island event is a populist celebration that’s high on gorgeous skies and low on intimidating terminology. Members of Edmonton’s arts, recreation and science communities help run what is likely the world’s largest winter stargazing event, which has a production staff of several hundred, rivalling the total number of participants at other star parties.
Talks about upcoming space missions and constellation lore are supplemented with a beautiful night-visionpreserving red lantern parade and a kiteboarding display on frozen Astotin Lake, with dim red LEDs on both the sails and the riders. Heated facilities and a children’s craft and science-experiment area round out the celestial appetizers before the main attraction. The lines to get to the eyepiece of one of the 30 telescopes can be 100 people deep, but narrated naked-eye tours of planets and neighbouring galaxies are enough to take the sting off the Disney World-esque wait.
“This speaks to people’s hunger for an experience that’s in their subconscious that they’ve never really tapped,” says Anthony. “They’ve never really experienced that part of our shared humanity — to look up and see the stars blaze unimpeded across the sky.” By the time the park gates closed at the 2010 star party, 5,000 people had stood in the cold to view planets and galaxies. As if rewarding their endurance, the northern lights flared up just before 10 p.m. in curtains of brilliant unforgettable green.
July 2010. Four hundred and thirty kilometres west of Elk Island, I’m back in Jasper to help Gloria Keyes-Brady and her colleagues catalogue the area’s most promising spots for wilderness stargazing. Outside my tent at backcountry Big Bend Campground on the Fortress Lake hiking trail, a fantasy map of an imaginary park traces its way through the sky in my mind’s eye, complete with herds of galactic animals. I take a minute to imagine these constellation creatures roaming around a virtual nature reserve — let’s call it “Night Sky National Park.”
Four stars form the diamond-shaped body of a loon, with a fifth tracing a line out to its neck, diving into the lake of the setting sun. The ancient Greeks called this constellation Delphinus, the dolphin; to the Cree, it’s Mokwachak, the loon. The cross shape of a Canada goose flies over the “mountain range” of the Milky Way. It’s part of the Northern Cross, or Niska, the goose, to the Cree. The stars that trace the legs of a lumbering buffalo, Perseus, appear to graze on tufts of foliage that are actually clouds of nebulous star-birth gas and distant galaxies beyond.
Devoid of the relentless whoosh of cars or even contrails from airplanes, the sky out here lets you travel not only to distant places but also to a distant time — before suburban street lamps, stadium floodlights and snazzy condos with vanity illumination. Here in Night Sky National Park, exiled stars are restored to their former glory. Two hundred years ago, David Thompson became the first European to cross the Rockies through Athabasca Pass, making maps of these mountains. “After a weary day’s march we sat by a log fire … with thousands of sparkling stars passing before us,” he later wrote. “We could not help enquiring [as to] who lived in those bright mansions.” I get the sense that Thompson would share my pride in knowing that the treasures above this region are being preserved for the Wii generation to discover.
My musing is interrupted by a shooting star. The tiny pebble from space pushes the air around it at thousands of kilometres per hour, superheating the stone and sending it flickering gloriously to its death high in the atmosphere. The Ojibway call such cosmic gatecrashers “wolverines of the sky.”
Back in town the following afternoon, I do a little more stargazing — this time safely observing our sunburninducing local star by projecting it from a telescope eyepiece onto a piece of white paper at the info centre, where thousands of visitors congregate each day in the summer. Park interpreter Brian Catto is regaling passersby with fun facts about sunspots. They’re cooler areas of magnetic disturbance on the solar surface, he explains, only 4,000°C. “Think of them as planetsized holes where the sun farts out explosive gas,” I add to a pair of grinning eight-year-olds and their parents.
Catto knows that for Jasper to develop a marketable braintrust of astronomy guides, he has to start with himself, taking his general knowledge to the next level. He has pored through books and websites and begun using a GPS-based star finder and a large telescope to get to know the stars for curious audiences. “Once we got a basic astronomy talk started at the Whistlers campground amphitheatre, I saw more people enjoying the programs during the shoulder season than I’d seen in quite a while,” he says. “It really struck a chord.”
Jasper’s marketing, product development, visitor experience and interpretive teams have begun to work with the local tourism authority and the municipality to create one of the most detailed proposals yet for dark-sky preserve status. Product development officer Rogier Gruys spent weeks surveying stargazing sites, such as the Marmot Meadows clearing that’s within walking distance of the Whistlers campground, using light-gathering meters to take darkness measurements over multiple dates. In an audit of the entire 11,000-square-kilometre park, staff marked the type and locations of current lighting, noting where fixtures need to be changed or put on timers and motion sensors. They met with Canadian National Railway officials to discuss the lights at the townsite’s rail yard and are working with resorts and other commercial partners to reduce their lighting footprint.
“My gosh, all I do is look at people’s lights now,” says Keyes-Brady. “We want to become a place where visitors see the dark in a whole new light. Part of the park experience for people out here is the anticipation that you might see an elk or hear a wolf or spot a meteor shooting through the sky. At any given moment, something amazing could happen.”
March 2011. I’m back in Alberta to give a talk at Elk Island’s star party but the mountains are still in my thoughts. By the time this magazine is published, the RASC will have officially approved Jasper National Park’s proposal to become the world’s largest dark-sky preserve, with Grasslands National Park becoming the second biggest. Jasper will also be one of the world’s darkest astronomy parks.
Driving west to Edmonton after the star party, my car cruises through a forest of industrial parks. In the wee hours of the morning, I steer leisurely through the cathedral of office towers presiding over the downtown core. Not a single star shines overhead. The trembling aspen beckon, tempting me to keep driving, past the city, to Jasper.
As the highway through suburbia makes its way back to nature, the banished stars return. The mountains of the Milky Way appear, and the gates of Night Sky National Park swing open for new visitors.
Science writer Peter McMahon (www.wildernessastronomy.com), of Port Hope, Ont., has written and produced for CTV, the Discovery Channel and the Toronto Star. His second book, a children’s guide to space tourism, will be published in the fall by Kids Can Press. Astronomy photographer Yuichi Takasaka lives in Lumby, B.C.
Stargazing gear
Everything you’ll need for a night under the starsBy Peter McMahon
While the internet has turbo-charged amateur astronomy with eye-popping images from the latest space probes and backyard DSLR artists, it’s also put the pastime a sporting chance in competition with Xbox Connect and Vampire Diaries, especially amongst youth. A couple of years ago, many of the following apps didn’t exist or were prohibitively expensive. Today, they are rapidly bringing astronomy and wilderness stargazing to people beyond the conventional amateur astronomy market.
Celestron SkyScout personal GPS planetarium Quite honestly the most important invention in amateur astronomy since the telescope, this GPS-based device allows you to point at any object in the sky, press a button and learn what that object is via text or, in many cases, audio description. Already know what you want to see? Select the space object from a menu (i.e. Sky tonight > Planets > Jupiter) and a series of LED arrows in the viewfinder will “point” you in the right direction until you reach your destination and all the arrows flash in a circle. The device single-handedly solves the astro-newbie quandary “we saw the most amazing things in the sky but we wish we knew what we were looking at.” Semi-shock-proof and worth a hundred guidebooks on the trails, the device fits in most backpack and cargo pant pockets.www.celestron.ca
Image stabilizer binoculars Computer-controlled image stabilizers alter the angle of refraction into the lens so that annoying binocular giggle is little more than a graceful drift. The advantage for remote wilderness outings is that the device effectively becomes a small telescope without the need for a bulky tripod. Though early versions of these binocs ranged up to $1,900, new 10x30 models are selling for less than $350 on eBay.www.bestbinocularsreviews.com/canon-binoculars.php
Camping-friendly telescopesFrom the tiny no-assembly-required First Scope (it literally just pops out of the box) to Sky Watcher's Black Diamond refractors and their huge collapsible truss-tube reflector scope (which can fit in a Smart Car) featuring jumbo foot-wide prime optics, good quality telescopes today are cheaper, better-made, and easier-to-find than ever.www.telescopes.ca
Solar-powered backpacksWith new technology comes a new need for power, even in the bush. Voltaic's four-watt backpack helps carry the rest of the gear for your trip and uses two solar cells with a bevy of universal adapters to recharge most small consumer electronics anywhere the sun shines.http://www.voltaicsystems.com/offgrid.shtml
SkyOrb
The SkyOrb app brings planets and other celestial bodies to life with a 3D Google Earth feel and comes with sun clock, 3D star map and planetarium. It uses iPhone’s GPS to calculate a virtual night sky from your position.Price: Free
Starmap
This planetarium in your hand gives you the freedom to customize displays of star maps and celestial bodies. It has a logbook for notes, a catalogues of stars and their physical characteristics, a red night vision filter and offers a selection of astronomical bodies and events invisible to the naked eye.Price: $11.99
Pocket Universe
Pocket Universe pulls information about planetary bodies and orients the stars and constellations to your position on Earth. And a handy “time travel mode” updates you on upcoming meteor showers, lunar phases and similar celestial events.Price: $2.99
Google Sky Map
Google Sky Map for Android can identify stars, planets, and constellations all with one point of the device. Users can browse and search the skies for various celestial objects and follow the arrows to locate them nearby.Price: Free
Distant Suns
Distant Suns for iPad and iPhone provides a database of over 300,000 stars and all 88 constellations and their mythologies. The compass allows users to simply point and identify any star in the sky. Also includes photos from the Hubble Space Telescope and a GPS function.Price: $9.99
First Nations star stories
Wilfred Buck and Rockford McKay are no strangers to sacrifice in the name of wilderness astronomy. Over the last five years, the pair of science specialists with the Manitoba First Nations Education Resource Centre (MFNERC) have carted an inflatable planetarium dome around in vans, sleds, helicopters and hovercraft across the remote (and often roadless) terrain leading to the reserves they serve, sometimes hundreds of kilometres north of Winnipeg. Their trips into the unforgiving backcountry have ranged from challenging to life-threatening. One outing landed Buck in the hospital with a mild heart attack after pulling gear along a frozen lake. “I got off easy that trip,” he jokes. “Rocky stepped in a pile of slush and got a wicked soaker.”
Such banter — from jokes about wild animals to sports-team-like rivalries between nations (Buck is Cree, McKay is Ojibway) — permeates their talks, whether for school groups on remote reserves or star parties with hundreds of amateur astronomers. It’s part of a program unique in Canada, where the pair present the constellations of the ancient Cree, Ojibway and Sioux via a customized computer program and a series of artist renderings commissioned by the MFNERC. Armed with these tools, the two immerse youth in their long-lost culture, where the Greek stories of queens, harps and dragons give way to a cast of characters from this land: a celestial migration of wolves, turtles, chickadees and grizzlies and a story about a cosmic canoe that paddles along the Milky Way. To complete the experience, the two educators have uncovered traditional songs related to some of these star patterns from ages past, songs that feature drumming and singing over fantastical imagery of space beings that predate the Canadarm by thousands of years.
“We’ve probably lost about 95 per cent of First Nations’ star knowledge,” says McKay. “Stories that Wilfred tells now over a few minutes used to take hours or even days to relate. But we’re getting a little bit of that back. Talking to elders and even school children, we’ll hear someone in a classroom tell us a story their father or grandfather used to tell them. That alone is interesting, but once we start to hear different kids in different areas tell us of the same characters, the story starts to corroborate itself.” | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Soccer, football, fútbol, calcio. Regardless of language, the game's the same. But the instructions on the field, the banter in the locker room, and life off the field can often occur in a language unfamiliar to several foreign born players.
The Houston Dynamo and Houston Community College leveraged their partnership to put native Spanish speakers on the team through the Workplace English course from the The Corporate College at HCC to help ease the transition into a primarily English-speaking environment.
Dynamo defender Agus, originally from Spain, and forward Mauro Manotas, from Colombia, were two such students who finished a 62-hour customized course from HCC. The small sessions gave them the tools to confidently work English into their daily lives, from speaking with teammates and coaches to ordering from a restaurant.
“I can now speak with my teammates and coaches. I need language not only to play soccer but for my life after soccer,” said Agus.
Learn more about Agus and Manotas' experience in the program and the Corporate College at HCC here. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Cyclic AMP appears to regulate sperm metabolism and motility, since after experimental elevation of cyclic AMP levels in sperm increased oxygen consumption and motility are observed. Adenylate cyclase activity in sperm is elevated during capacitation and after ejaculation; thus enhanced activity of this enzyme may be directly related to cyclic AMP mediated changes in sperm metabolism and motility. However, at this time the properties of sperm adenylate cyclase are poorly understood, the enzyme(s) has not been purified and metabolically significant activators have not been identified. In this project activation of sperm adenylate cyclase will be studied in intact sperm, adenylate cyclase will be purified from sperm, and the latter characterized. The properties of the purified enzyme will be related to adenylate cyclase in intact sperm. These studies, particularly, will include investigation of the role of divalent metal ions in enzymatic activity and activation. Parallel studies on the activation of adenylate cyclase in intact sperm, particularly during in vitro capacitation, may lead to identification of new regulatory factors, as well as continuation of the study of metal ions in activation. Finally, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, present in cytoplasmic droplets, will be characterized and studied. Thus research proposed here will develop basic data on the properties of adenylate cyclase and provide information on the biochemical events involved in regulation of adenylate cyclase during sperm development. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | NIH ExPorter |
Mat is playing cards with the sons of the High Lords of Tear. Later with the exception of one who dies, these men will be commanders in the Band of the Red Hand, underneath it's general, Matrim Cauthon. Mat tells the men the story of how he discovered a new game, Maiden's Kiss. Outside in the darkness, a cock crows and Mat's hand, the highest card in each suit, kings and queens, come to life and attack him. Time slows down for the Ta'veren and Mat pins each of the cards to the wooden walls of the room with thrown knives, much like how Perrin pins his ax to a wooden door. MUCH later in the series there is a bubble of evil event in Salidar, that requires dirt to be thrown at objects that have come to life in order to un-animate them. We believe this bubble follows the same rules.
WoTSpoilers is a twice weekly book-club. You can join the conversations that make the podcast on Discord.
Please remember, Seth and Patrick are two nerds in a basement who would rather be creating content full time, than working our 9-5s. You can help us create the content you love, and become full time podcast creators, by donating on Patreon | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
The government has announced a proposed legislative programme dominated by post-Brexit bills and a renewed focus on law and order in an unusual Queen’s speech, one mainly used by Boris Johnson as a preview of the Conservatives’ election manifesto.
The summary of planned new laws read out by the Queen to mark the new session of parliament contained 26 new or returning bills, more than a third of which relate to new arrangements following departure from the EU.
Other key elements of a speech widely trailed in advance included plans for tougher jail sentences and controversial proposals to oblige people to show photographic ID before they are allowed to vote.
The pre-election feel was increased earlier on Monday when, ahead of the Queen’s speech, the chancellor, Sajid Javid, announced plans for a budget on 6 November, days after what the government insists will be the 31 October Brexit date.
Johnson, in a written introduction to documents explaining the legislative plans, said they were aimed at using Brexit as “a defining opportunity for us to set a new course and a new direction for our country”.
But with the departure date likely to be delayed beyond 31 October, and an election imminent, the prime minister has faced criticism for calling a new session of parliament largely so the monarch can read out a preview of the Tories’ likely manifesto.
Q&A What are 'tunnel' negotiations? Show Hide "Tunnel" negotiations describe a Brussels process whereby a small group of negotiators hold discussions in secret, with no press briefings or documents published, meaning the offers and counter-offers are not disclosed – unless they are leaked. In theory it allows a "safe space" where controversial ideas can be discussed without worrying about the political fall-out on either side from even considering them, emboldening negotiators to consider politically riskier proposals. When Brexit negotiations have previously gone into the tunnel, even EU27 ambassadors have not been kept informed of the progress. It also allows the results to be presented as a joint proposal, avoiding the appearance that there have been winners and losers in a negotiation. The Irish Times has reported that when a journalist asked a European commission official where the tunnel was, they replied: “The tunnel is not a place, but a state of mind.”
Even if an election did not take place, the government has no majority in the House of Commons, meaning passing any bills would be a struggle.
The bills and plans for later proposed laws read out by the Queen included no surprises, and a number of measures in the works for many months, such as post-Brexit bills on fisheries, agriculture and trade.
A new immigration bill would make EU citizens “subject to the same UK immigration controls as non-EU citizens”, thus ending free movement, and introduce a points-based entry system, while another bill would update or replace EU regulations on financial markets.
Quick guide Settled and pre-settled status for EU citizens living in the UK Show Hide Because of Brexit, EU (excluding British and Irish citizens), EEA or Swiss citizens need to apply to the EU settlement scheme if they wish to continue living in the UK after 30 June 2021. Applicants are given given either settled status or pre-settled status. The status granted depends on how long they have been living in the UK. The government states that people's rights will be different depending on which status they get. Guidelines state applicants will usually get settled status if they’ve lived in the UK for a continuous five-year period. Pre-settled status will be granted to those who have not lived in the UK for five years, or cannot demonstrate that they meet this requirement. The government states that both settled and pre-settled status confer the right to: Work in the UK.
Use the NHS.
Enrol in education or continue studying.
Access benefits and pensions.
Travel in and out of the UK. There are some significant differences though. Those with settled status will be allowed to stay in the UK as long as they like, and can spend up to five years in a row outside the UK without losing their status. Those with pre-settled status are allowed to stay in the UK for a further five years, which would allow them to apply to convert it into settled status. The status granted also affects any children people might have. With settled status, any children born in the UK will automatically be British citizens. With pre-settled status, the child would be born with pre-settled status, unless it qualified for British citizenship directly through one of the parents. The deadline for applying is 30 June 2021, or 31 December 2020 if the UK leaves the EU without a deal. Irish citizens, or those who already have indefinite leave to remain, do not need to apply. Martin Belam
A full seven bills outlined were devoted to law and order, heralding what seemed to be a key Conservative election message based around tougher jail sentences, a direction that has prompted alarm from prison reform charities.
Under one measure, violent and sexual offenders would serve a minimum of two-thirds of their sentence before becoming eligible to be released on licence, compared with half under current guidelines.
Another would significantly increase the six-month maximum jail term for foreign offenders who returned to the UK in breach of deportation orders.
Critics of the proposals have warned they would impose extra pressure on overcrowded jails and that the public was being misled into believing sentencing policy was softer than in reality.
On another primary election battleground, the NHS, the main measure outlined was not legislative but a proposal for a new long-term plan for the NHS. On social care there was a proposal for a consultation.
A series of other bills outlined by the Queen had either already been before parliament or had been discussed in depth, for example on domestic abuse, no-fault divorce, a measure to oblige restaurants and other businesses to pass on all tips to staff, and tougher regulations on fire safety in high-rise buildings in response to the Grenfell disaster.
Other pledges of future bills in the speech covered areas also likely to feature strongly in the Conservative manifesto, such as increased schools funding and more free schools, as well as legislation intended to help the rollout of faster broadband.
Another element likely to feature in Johnson’s campaigning was an environment bill outlining post-Brexit policies in areas including plastic, biodiversity and air quality.
In his introduction to the speech, Johnson called this “a momentous new environment bill – a lodestar by which we will guide our country towards a cleaner and greener future”.
The speech also outlined what was described as “steps to protect the integrity of democracy and the electoral system”, the key aspect of which was a plan to oblige people to show photographic ID before being allowed to vote.
News of this proposal, briefed at the weekend, prompted accusations that ministers were trying to suppress voters’ rights, and that the idea could lead to tens of thousands of vulnerable people disenfranchised. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Dense concentric circle scanning protocol for measuring pulsatile retinal blood flow in rats with Doppler optical coherence tomography.
The variability in the spatial orientation of retinal blood vessels near the optic nerve head (ONH) results in imprecision of the measured Doppler angle and therefore the pulsatile blood flow (BF), when those parameters are evaluated using Doppler OCT imaging protocols based on dual-concentric circular scans. Here, we utilized a dense concentric circle scanning protocol and evaluated its precision for measuring pulsatile retinal BF in rats for different numbers of the circular scans. An spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system operating in the 1060-nm spectral range with image acquisition rate of 47,000 A-scans/s was used to acquire concentric circular scans centered at the rat's ONH, with diameters ranging from 0.8 to 1.0 mm. A custom, automatic blood vessel segmentation algorithm was used to track the spatial orientation of the retinal blood vessels in three dimensions, evaluate the spatially dependent Doppler angle and calculate more accurately the axial BF for each major retinal blood vessel. Metrics such as retinal BF, pulsatility index, and resistance index were evaluated for each and all of the major retinal blood vessels. The performance of the proposed dense concentric circle scanning protocols was compared with that of the dual-circle scanning protocol. Results showed a 3.8±2.2 deg difference in the Doppler angle calculation between the two approaches, which resulted in ∼7% difference in the calculated retinal BF. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Abstracts |
[Edema in leprosy: the clinical and therapeutic aspects].
Edema, which is commonly described as a symptom of reactional states, may occur during the course of leprosy. Both diagnosis and adequate treatment measures are often difficult to achieve and failure to do so may result in permanent damage to the lower limbs. In a one-year follow-up study of leprosy patients--ten multibacillary and one paucibacillary--who had been submitted to a clinical protocol for diagnosis and pathological classification, a clinical pattern of localized and/or systemic edema was observed. Among these patients, five simultaneously presented other symptoms related to reactional states, 4 were diagnosed as Type I, and one as Type II. On the other hand, while three of the patients did not present reaction at the time when edema was diagnosed, they did develop some aspects of reactional disease later on (two had neuritis e one had Type I reaction). The edemas that preceded or were associated with reactional episodes showed clinical regression as a result of specific treatment against reactions (corticosteroids and/or pentoxifylline and/or thalidomide) in the absence of another treatment normally used for edemas. Although these data need to be confirmed by controlled studies, they strongly suggest that immunological mechanisms are involved in the physiopathology of edema in leprosy. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Abstracts |
Scrotal flap for closure of perineal skin defects in dogs.
To describe the use of a scrotal flap for covering perineal skin defects in dogs. Experimental study. Male Beagles (n = 5). A scrotal flap was created by making a U-shaped incision around the scrotum, with the base of the flap at its rostral border. Orchiectomy was performed through this incision and the scrotum was undermined from the underlying tissue. A small median longitudinal incision in the caudal aspect of the scrotum eliminated its curvature. A skin defect, comparable to the size of the scrotal flap, was created in the perineum extending from the caudal side of the scrotum toward the anus. The scrotal flap covered the defect and was sutured in place. By 5-7 days, all flaps had ∼27% necrosis on their caudal border. The necrotic area was surgically excised and the defect was covered completely again by the remaining healthy flap. One year after surgery, wound healing was normal and flap survival was complete, providing full coverage of the perineal skin defect. A scrotal flap can be used to reconstruct perineal skin defects ventral to the anus. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Abstracts |
How To Find A Husband By Watching Reality TV
[Note: Below is a guest blog from @MAFS_Original on Twitter]:
You don’t know me.
However, if you watch the show Married At First Sight you’ve probably tweeted me or commented on my Instagram posts. No, my name isn’t Jamie Otis or Cortney Hendrix. We’ve likely interacted because I happen to run the largest social media fan pages for the show Married At First Sight. With over 60,000 followers and growing, it’s an amazing community. (IG: @_MarriedAtFirstSight_ TW: @MAFS_Original)
Before you start making assumptions, read on.
Several years ago I was a stereotypical millennial. Educated, employed, enjoying freedom with my own place in an exciting city, constantly swiping right or left on various dating apps…and lonely. It seemed all of my friends were in new relationships and always with their significant other, which was putting a hit on my social life.
I was lonely enough to seriously consider getting a cat (I wasn’t a dog person either, Sonia…surprise!) Though a few “crazy cat lady” memes texted from friends squashed that idea. Se la vie.
I remember seeing a commercial for a new show called Married At First Sight and thinking to myself, “Garbage! Totally offensive to the institution of marriage.” And with a mental eye roll I resolved I’d never watch.
A few months later I found myself bored on a Friday night. I was channel surfing and came upon a marathon of Season 1 of Married At First Sight (thanks FYI channel!) I don’t know if it was that all my friends were busy AGAIN on a Friday night or the bottle of wine, but the show drew me in. I figured, at a minimum, watching any person crazy enough to take part in this experiment would definitely help me feel better about my current situation. So I watched. And I watched. And I watched. Every. Single. Episode. I was hooked. I didn’t know it then, but that Friday night would change my life forever.
After that, still wary of “crazy cat lady” stereotypes, I decided to adopt a dog (It’s true Sonia!) Weeks later, my neighbor Mike started to join my regular mini MAFS viewing party. I began to observe two overarching themes each episode of Married At First Sight.
The first was that MAFS provided a vehicle for viewers to discuss the hard issues of marriage in a non-awkward, low pressure way. It also really opened up my eyes to other perspectives. Mike and I debated our way through the Season 2 Sean & Davina fiasco,
“She’s emasculating him!” Mike argued during one of their particularly snarky disagreements. Ryan & Jaclyn’s issue with finding a home central to their jobs really struck home to me,
“I wouldn’t commute 2 hours to work either!” I declared defiantly. It amazed me just how much you could learn about yourself and whomever you were watching with.
The second theme, and arguably the most poignant lesson Married At First Sight seemed to communicate to viewers, was to ditch your “type”. Over and over it blew me away how the expert’s challenged participants’ view of their type. Whatever the obtuse word even meant to each individual I’m not sure they even knew. It challenges every viewer to look beyond their preconceived notion of Mr or Mrs Right and get to the heart of what they truly need in a partner.
No couple demonstrated this more than Season 1’s Doug and Jamie. We all saw Jamie sobbing at her wedding, presumably because she was not at all attracted to her groom. He definitely wasn’t her ideal physically. However, America fell in love right along with them as Jamie ditched whatever her previous type was and decided her new ideal man was honest, kind, stable, warm and funny. Doug was officially her new type. The best part is, he still is.
Those two benefits came to me from an unexpected source, a reality show. However, wisdom can be gained in the least expected place. I’ve learned to embrace it without judgement when it comes.
Mike and I still enjoy our Married At First Sight viewing parties but they’ve changed a bit. Once I stopped looking for my type, I realized he’d been sitting next to me all along, discussing hard marriage issues from the show, eating most of my popcorn, laughing with me and turning into my ideal guy right before my eyes.
Mike proposed by Season 2 and we were married by Season 3. Since then we have another little addition as well.
Thankfully, I was wrong about my type. Could it be possible that you are too?
(This is an opinion piece. The author and their social media accounts are unaffiliated with AETV & it’s sponsors.) | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
This invention relates, in general, to completing a well that traverses a hydrocarbon bearing subterranean formation and, in particular, to a system and method for reducing the pressure drop in the fluids produced through a production tubing by expanding the flow area of the production tubing downhole.
Without limiting the scope of the present invention, its background will be described with reference to producing fluid from a subterranean formation, as an example.
After drilling each of the sections of a subterranean wellbore, individual lengths of relatively large diameter metal tubulars are typically secured together to form a casing string that is positioned within each section of the wellbore. This casing string is used to increase the integrity of the wellbore by preventing the wall of the hole from caving in. In addition, the casing string prevents movement of fluids from one formation to another formation. Conventionally, each section of the casing string is cemented within the wellbore before the next section of the wellbore is drilled. Accordingly, each subsequent section of the wellbore must have a diameter that is less than the previous section.
For example, a first section of the wellbore may receive a conductor casing string having a 20-inch diameter. The next several sections of the wellbore may receive intermediate casing strings having 16-inch, 13xe2x85x9c-inch and 9⅝-inch diameters, respectively. The final sections of the wellbore may received production casing strings having 7-inch and 4xc2xd-inch diameters, respectively. Each of the casing strings may be hung from a casing head near the surface. Alternatively, some of the casing strings may be in the form of liner strings that extend from near the setting depth of previous section of casing. In this case, the liner string will be suspended from the previous section of casing on a liner hanger.
Once this well construction process is finished, the completion process may begin. The completion process may include numerous steps such as creating hydraulic openings or perforations through the production casing string, the cement and a short distance into the desired formation or formations so that production fluids may enter the interior of the wellbore, formation stimulation to enhance production, gravel packing to prevent sand production and the like. The completion process also includes installing a production tubing string within the well that extends from the surface to the production interval or intervals. Unlike the casing strings that form a part of the wellbore itself, the production tubing string is used to produce the well by providing the conduit for formation fluids to travel from the formation depth to the surface.
The diameter of the production tubing that is installed within a well is determined based upon a number of factors. For example, the maximum diameter of the production tubing is limited by the various restrictions within the well including the production casing and any tools within the production casing such as landing nipples. In addition, the production tubing is sized based upon the reservoir pressure, composition of the formation fluids and the expected production rate from the formation. For example, if the production tubing selected for a well is too large, slugging may occur during production in which case a workover may be required to install smaller production tubing or an artificial lift system. On the other hand, if the production tubing selected for a well is too small, the pressure drop in the formation fluids traveling through the production tubing is unnecessarily large and the rate of production from the formation is unnecessarily constrained, in which case, a workover may be required to install larger production tubing.
A need has therefore arisen for a system and method for completing a well that traverses a subterranean formation that minimize the likelihood of installing a production tubing string that is not properly sized for the production from the traversed formation. A need has also arisen for such a system and method that are capable of reducing the pressure drop in the fluids produced through the production tubing when the formation is capable of producing at a higher rate. Further, a need has arisen for such a system and method that do not require a workover to optimize the size of the production tubing.
The present invention disclosed herein comprises a system and method for completing a well that traverses a subterranean formation that minimize the likelihood of installing a production tubing string that is not properly sized for the production from the traversed formation. The system and method of the present invention are capable of reducing the pressure drop in the fluids produced through the production tubing when the formation is capable of producing at a higher rate. Further, the system and method of the present invention do not require a workover to optimize the size of the production tubing.
The well completion system of the present invention comprises a production tubing that is positioned within a well casing that lines the wellbore and an expander member positioned within the production tubing that travels longitudinally within the production tubing to expand the production tubing downhole, thereby reducing the pressure drop in fluids produced through the production tubing. The expansion process may proceed from an uphole location to a downhole location or from a downhole location to an uphole location. The force required to expand the production tubing may be generated by pressurizing at least a portion of the production tubing to urge the expander member to travel longitudinally within the production tubing. This fluid pressure may be delivered directly into the production tubing or may be introduced through a coiled tubing that may be coupled to the expander member. Additionally or alternatively, when coiled tubing is used, the coiled tubing may be placed in tension to mechanically urge the expander member to travel longitudinally within the production tubing.
Broadly stated, one method of the present invention comprises the steps of lining the wellbore with a well casing, disposing the production tubing within the well casing and expanding the production tubing downhole, thereby reducing the pressure drop in fluids produced through the production tubing. The expansion step may be independent of or as a result of first testing the productive capability of the formation traversed by the wellbore to determine whether production from the formation is constrained by the production tubing.
Another method of the present invention comprises the steps of lining a first section of the wellbore with a first well casing having an inner diameter, lining a second section of the wellbore with a second well casing having an inner diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the first well casing, disposing the production tubing within the first and the second well casings and expanding the production tubing downhole that is disposed within the first well casing.
Yet another method of the present invention comprises the steps of lining at least a main wellbore portion of a multilateral well with a well casing, extending first and second branch wellbores from the main wellbore, the second branch wellbore being farther downhole than the first branch wellbore, disposing a main section of production tubing within the well casing in the main wellbore, a first branch section of production tubing within the first branch wellbore and a second branch section of production tubing within the second branch wellbore and expanding the production tubing downhole that is uphole of the first branch wellbore. In this method, it may be desirable to expand the flow area of the production tubing that is uphole of the first branch wellbore to substantially match the flow area of the first branch section of production tubing and the flow area of the second branch section of production tubing. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | USPTO Backgrounds |
Liberals have long seen the president as a leader who’s fallen short of liberal goals. Left revokes Obama's liberal card
Now many liberals feel sure: Barack Obama was not the one they’d been waiting for.
The man who won the presidency in part due to his opposition to the Iraq War was suddenly leading a charge to use military force against the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad. The Republican refusal to go along was to be expected. The liberal backlash, though, was particularly intense.
That came on top of the fears that the president will, for all the current tough rhetoric, again go into the fall political fights about the budget and debt ceiling starting from a position of over-concession.
The White House says he’s still a proud progressive. And, of course, he’ll always be a socialist to the Republican base. To prominent liberals, though, Obama’s center-left, sure. But he’s no liberal.
( PHOTOS: 25 unforgettable Obamacare quotes)
They applaud a lot of what Obama’s done, which the White House says is clear proof of a man who has stayed true to progressive principles. The federal health care system that spent decades as a Democratic dream will be reality Oct. 1, and there’s never been a president with anything close to Obama’s record on gay and broader civil rights. He got the troops out of Iraq, and he rolled back some of the Bush tax cuts.
But even on these, liberals have long seen a president who has fallen short, cutting deals — like never pushing for single-payer health insurance. Or championing the more modest Dodd-Frank banking reforms instead of a renewed Glass-Steagall Act. They say those moves diluted what they’re supposed to stand for, and what they used to think he stood for.
“I don’t think that anyone at this point would characterize the president as the progressive warrior that the progressive movement is anxious to see,” said Rep. Alan Grayson (D-Fla.), who claimed victory after the new diplomatic efforts that started as he and other Hill liberals resisted the Syria authorization.
( Also on POLITICO: Democrats' secret weapon: David Vitter’s vices)
Blame Congress, economic reality and resistant Republicans for much of the disappointment.
“The president was the embodiment of the dreams and aspirations of a better country and better future,” said Rep. Peter Welch (D-Vt.), recalling the feeling in the crowd at Obama’s inauguration. “To some extent the person that he’s not is a person that he ultimately could never be.”
But Syria, coming off of a summer of rolling National Security Agency snooping revelations, is all Obama.
Reliable liberal Sens. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) and Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) were among those who even now remain undecided on authorization. That’s because, according to former Vermont Gov. Howard Dean — there’s no sense in trying to apply 1960s labels to the situation facing the president in 2013.
( Also on POLITICO: White House determined not to give ground on Obamacare)
Dean says the fact that Obama is consisdered a liberal leader is proof of just how far from the actual left the left has gotten.
Obama’s a liberal “not by the old definitions, but by the new definition he is,” said Dean, who supported the Syria strike under the sense that military intervention to stop chemical weapons attacks fits snugly within the larger liberal philosophy of fighting for the expansion of rights.
Former Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-Ohio) said Obama’s the one responsible for the confusion over what liberal politics means, arguing he’s effectively poisoned the movement by seeming to support it, while actively betraying it.
“House Democratic leaders are content to let the president set the agenda on foreign policy, national security, privacy, the economy, health care, Social Security and workers’ rights,” Kucinich said. “Since the administration has lacked coherency on such a wide range of policies, and since it has wrongly been perceived as liberal from its inception, it has successfully usurped any legitimate liberal agenda.”
( Also on POLITICO: 5 questions about the unions’ beef with Obamacare)
White House spokesman Josh Earnest said that any reasonable review of Obama’s record shows a man who’s clearly a progressive and has carried that through his entire presidency.
“President Obama’s record of accomplishment, which includes ending the war in Iraq, passing Obamacare, repealing Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, enacting Wall Street reform and eliminating the Bush tax cuts on the wealthiest Americans, demonstrates his commitment to the values on which he based his historic campaign for the presidency,” Earnest said.
Robert Reich, the former Clinton White House Labor secretary and a progressive thinker, broadly compared Obama to President Lyndon B. Johnson, whose Great Society and War on Poverty domestic progressivism was overshadowed at the time by his escalating the Vietnam War.
There’s no taking away from what Obama accomplished on health care, but “the irony is that his foreign policy, including policy toward detention, drones, leakers, newspaper sources,” Reich said, “has not been particularly liberal or progressive. To many people, that makes him less eligible for the progressive mantle.”
That, Reich said, is “certainly understandable, but it takes a very narrow and purist view of American politics.”
Obama has repeatedly rejected the logic that his pragmatism makes him anything but a progressive, as when in 2011 he outraged liberals by comparing their need to move to the middle on the budget debate to Abraham Lincoln’s decision to write the Emancipation Proclamation to free only slaves living in the Confederacy, and not Union states.
“This notion that somehow if you’re responsible and you compromise, that somehow you’re giving up your convictions — that’s absolutely not true,” Obama said to applause at an event back in 2011. “I think it’s fair to say that Abraham Lincoln had convictions. But he constantly was making concessions and compromises.”
Still, as he joked in Stockholm last week, he knows he’s not too far out on the spectrum.
“You know, I have to say that if I were here in Europe, I’d probably be considered right in the middle, maybe center-left, maybe center-right, depending on the country,” Obama said at a news conference with the Swedish prime minister. He added, “In the United States, sometimes the names I’m called are quite different.”
The problem isn’t just in the Oval Office. Liberals say they can’t really see many soulmates in Obama’s Cabinet either, especially since John Kerry took over leading the administration’s push on Syria.
Asked to identify liberal leaders, liberal blogger Markos Moulitsas named just two politicians — Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) and Rep. Luis Gutierrez (D-Ill.). The rest of his list ran from MSNBC’s Rachel Maddow to sex columnist and LGBT activist Dan Savage to AFL-CIO head Richard Trumka and environmentalist writer Bill McKibben and reproductive rights insta-celebrity Sandra Fluke.
But that is missing the point, Moulitsas said.
“Conservatives need their ‘leaders,’ from their Michele Bachmann types to their media bigwigs like Rush Limbaugh. We never really have,” Moulitsis argued. “We’ve worked on a more grass-roots level. On the negative side, it means we are less cohesive than the Right, on the other hand, it’s more inclusive and ultimately, I’d argue, a more effective way to effect change … in today’s fragmented social-media-driven media world, our grass-roots approach gets the advantage.”
Dean agreed. Liberals are doing just fine, whether they agree with him that Obama’s in their ranks or not.
“We always used to talk about this in the ’60s. In the ‘60s it was all bulls—t: ‘This leaderless movement that was going to come along,’” Dean said. “This is not a leaderless movement, but because of the Internet and the suspicion that young people have of institutions, there really is a generation which is not leaderless, but probably has a real collective leadership for the first time in history.” | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
ALL UPDATES ARISING FROM THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS AROUND MARINE SOFTWARE, REGULATIONS AND SMM (UK) LTD. PRODUCTS FOR THE WHOLE MARITIME COMMUNITY.
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Τετάρτη, 23 Νοεμβρίου 2016
MSI: Dry Bulk Market Heading Into a Firm Festive Season
After a steady fall in average daily TCE spot earnings in
October, November saw an inflection point for Capesizes as the dry bulk market
is sailing into a firm festive season, swiftly followed by a New Year comedown,
according to research and consultancy firm Maritime Strategies International
(MSI).
With rates soaring to over USD 16,000 per day,
the Capesizes saw their highest rates since mid-2015. Some of this strength has
translated to the Panamax market, although Supramax and Handysize earnings have
been broadly unaffected.
A basket of key commodity prices, including iron
ore, coking and steam coal, have surged in recent weeks, with falls in domestic
supplies in China a key driver. This trend is forecast to continue through the
fourth quarter but weaker iron ore and coal trade will impact Capesize and
Panamax demand in the near term.
“On this basis it is difficult to build a
reliable view on how long this freight rate uptick will last, but in any case we
expect spot rates to fall back below operating costs in the New Year. This will
be mainly as a result of weaker iron ore trade in Q1, but by Q2 we expect to see
stronger Chinese coal production limiting coal import requirements,” Fray
added.
The MSI outlook for the Panamax market will be
impacted by weaker coal demand to India, an effect magnified by the significant
proportion of imports carried in Panamax vessels. Some improvement is expected
towards the end of this year, but spot earnings are forecast to drop back again
in early 2017 to below USD 6,000 per day, with barely any improvement into the
second quarter of the year.
The New Year is also likely to see rates fall in
the Handysize sector, partly due to expectations of strong Ultramax deliveries
in the first quarter. However, MSI’s forecast of USD 6,000 per day in January
and USD 7,300 per day in April is broadly positive, particularly when compared
with the MSI outlook for Capesize and Panamax markets. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Case: 13-11121 Document: 00512566201 Page: 1 Date Filed: 03/19/2014
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
No. 13-11121 FILED
March 19, 2014
Lyle W. Cayce
BRYAN K. CHISOLM, Clerk
Plaintiff-Appellant
v.
DESOTO POLICE DEPARTMENT; W. TILLMAN, Detective; LIEUTENANT
M. SHARP; COMMANDER OF DESOTO JAIL,
Defendants-Appellees
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Texas
USDC No. 3:12-CV-5025
Before KING, DAVIS, and ELROD, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: *
Bryan K. Chisolm, Texas prisoner # 1740218, moves this court to proceed
in forma pauperis (IFP) in this appeal from the district court’s dismissal of his
42 U.S.C. § 1983 complaint. This IFP motion is a challenge to the district
court’s certification that his appeal is not taken in good faith. See Baugh v.
Taylor, 117 F.3d 197, 202 (5th Cir. 1997).
* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
Case: 13-11121 Document: 00512566201 Page: 2 Date Filed: 03/19/2014
No. 13-11121
The district court correctly concluded that Chisolm could not raise a
claim of malicious prosecution under § 1983 and that he was required to
present a claim based on the rights secured by the Constitution. See Castellano
v. Fragozo, 352 F.3d 939, 942, 953-54 (5th Cir. 2003) (en banc). Although
Chisolm asserts that he is not raising a false arrest claim under the Fourth
Amendment, he also contends that he had a right not to be arrested in the
absence of probable cause. To the extent that this constitutes a challenge to
the district court’s consideration of a false arrest claim, Chisolm has failed to
show that the defendants, a police department and various officers, could be
liable for such an arrest because of the issuance of arrest warrants by
independent magistrates. See Murray v. Earle, 405 F.3d 278, 292 (5th Cir.
2005).
Chisolm’s conclusional allegations that the City of DeSoto and the police
department failed to train officers on proper wiretapping procedures are
insufficient to show the existence of a policy or custom that resulted in the
violation of Chisolm’s constitutional rights. See Hathaway v. Bazany, 507 F.3d
312, 319 (5th Cir. 2007); Baker v. Putnal, 75 F.3d 190, 200 (5th Cir. 1996).
Although Chisolm also asserted the applicability of the “single incident
exception” to municipal liability, he has not shown that a policymaker
committed an unconstitutional act that would then be attributable to the
municipality. See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 556-57 (1979); Valle v. City of
Houston, 613 F.3d 536, 542 (5th Cir. 2010).
The district court concluded that Chisolm’s state law claims against both
the individual and municipal defendants were barred by the Texas Tort Claims
Act. Chisolm asserts that the district court should not consider such
allegations because they were raised in motions to dismiss filed before the
removal of Chisolm’s civil rights complaint to federal court. The defendants
2
Case: 13-11121 Document: 00512566201 Page: 3 Date Filed: 03/19/2014
No. 13-11121
presented the same allegations in their motion for summary judgment, which
was properly before the district court for consideration. Because Chisolm
raised claims against the City of DeSoto and the DeSoto Police Department,
the district court properly dismissed the claims against the individual
defendants. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 101.106(e). Additionally,
because Chisolm’s claim of malicious prosecution alleged an intentional tort,
the Texas Tort Claims Act did not waive immunity on behalf of the
governmental units. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 101.057(2). Although
Chisolm complains that the district court should have considered the validity
of his state law claims in light of the constitutional violations he suffered, he
has not presented a separate state law authority waiving immunity for such
allegations.
Because Chisolm did not show a “genuine dispute as to any material
fact,” the district court properly granted summary judgment in favor of the
defendants. FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a). He has not established that he will present
a nonfrivolous issue on appeal. See Howard v. King, 707 F.2d 215, 220 (5th
Cir. 1983). Accordingly, the motion for leave to proceed IFP is denied and the
appeal is dismissed as frivolous. See Baugh, 117 F.3d at 202 n.24; 5TH CIR.
R. 42.2. The dismissal of this appeal as frivolous counts as a strike under 28
U.S.C. § 1915(g). See Adepegba v. Hammons, 103 F.3d 383, 387-88 (5th Cir.
1996). Chisolm is cautioned that if he accumulates three strikes, he will no
longer be allowed to proceed IFP in any civil action or appeal filed while he is
incarcerated or detained in any facility unless he is under imminent danger of
serious physical injury. See § 1915(g).
IFP MOTION DENIED; APPEAL DISMISSED AS FRIVOLOUS;
SANCTION WARNING ISSUED.
3
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | FreeLaw |
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THE LIBERTARIAN ENTERPRISE
Number 363, April 16, 2006April is the cruelest month
The Truth! (As We See It): A Special Note From The White Houseby Jonathan David Morrisjdm@readjdm.com
Special to TLE
To: The American People
From: The White House
Re: Glasnost, Perestroika, and You
Fellow Americans,
Greetings! By now you're probably wondering why the
heck you're getting a letter from the White House. The
answer to that question is simple: Because we're
coming to get you! Ha ha. No, just kidding. Bet we
fooled you for a second, though, didn't we?
But seriously, folks, the reason you're getting this
letter is quite simple. Basically, it's come to our
attention over the last few weeks that many Americans
think we're doing a terrible job of running the
country. Obviously, nothing could be further from the
truth, unless something happened to be further from
it. But your confusion is perfectly understandable,
given the circumstances.
Unfortunately, in a nation of 300 million people run
by a small, tight-knit group of men, it's impossible
for every American to truly know what goes on behind
the impenetrable doors that we lock and seal with
guards whenever we hold our meetings. Sometimes this
leads to hilarious misconceptions about what we're
doing and how well we're doing it.
Like we said, your confusion is perfectly
understandable. But we'd be remiss if we didn't take
the time to personally clear things up.
Wrong-o! At the moment, President Bush enjoys a 35 to
40 percent approval rating, depending on who you talk
to.
In 1935, the greatest baseball player of all time,
Babe Ruth, retired with a .342 career batting average.
Think about it. This is Babe Ruth we're talking about
here.
Babe Ruth only hit the ball 35 percent of the time.
George Bush, on the other hand, only bottoms out at
a .350 approval rating. And he tops off at closer to
.400. These are Ted Williams-like approval numbers.
George W. Bush is basically like the Ted Williams of
U.S. presidents.
Still think we're doing a terrible job? Do the math.
And don't believe the spin.
MISCONCEPTION NO. 2: A GROWING CONSENSUS AROUND THE
NATION BELIEVES WE FIXED THE INTELLIGENCE TO START THE
IRAQ WAR.
Pure propaganda.
You want to know what we fixed? The Oscars. You don't
think Crash really deserved Best Picture, do you? Of
course it didn't. You've never even heard of Crash.
When did it come out? Who the hell is in it?
Brokeback Mountain was positioned to win Best
Picture, and we had to actas a matter of national
security. It was a tough decision, no doubt about it.
But had we sat idly by, homosexuality would've erupted
like mushrooms clouds over major American
metropolises.
We're very intelligent people. We had the intelligence
to prove it.
So ask yourself: If you were in our position, which
American city would you have been willing to risk?
Actually, it's been a while since we've heard the race
card pulled out on us, but we just thought we'd bring
it up, since we're the only ones in this country who
supported open borders and the Dubai Ports World
deal.
Seriously, we deserve more credit for this.
We're living in a country of freaking xenophones.
MISCONCEPTION NO. 4: THE WORD IS "XENOPHOBES," NOT
"XENOPHONES."
No, it isn't. It's "xenophones."
Okay, okayit's really "xenophobes." Sorry for the
typo.
MISCONCEPTION NO. 5: THE WHITE HOUSE LEAKED ON CIA
AGENT VALERIE PLAME, BECAUSE HER HUSBAND, JOSEPH
WILSON, WANTED DICK AND BUSH TO PULL OUT, AND DICK AND
BUSH WANTED TO KEEP GOING.
The press would have you believe the president and
vice president leaked on Ms. Plame after her husband
talked dirty about the war and asked them to pull out.
But we can assure you Dick didn't leak on Ms. Plame,
and Bush didn't leak on her, either. We firmly believe
Ms. Plame leaked on herself, because she couldn't hold
it in anymore. Eventually, the truth will come out,
and Dick and Bush will both get off.
And finally:
MISCONCEPTION NO. 6: THE UNITED STATES IS CURRENTLY
PLANNING A TACTICAL NUCLEAR STRIKE ON IRAN.
This is ridiculous. Just think about what you're
saying here.
First of all, if we were going to nuke Iranwhich
we're not, but if we werewhy in the world would we
tactically nuke them? If the goal is to stop nuclear
proliferation, wouldn't it make more sense to just
wipe Iran off the map and show the international
community precisely how bad nukes are?
Secondly, it's like OJ Simpson once said: Even if we
were going to nuke Iranwhich we're not, but,
again, if we werewe would only do it because we
really, really love them, you know?
(Okay, that may not have been OJ who said that. It may
have just been Tim Meadows playing OJ on SNL. Either
way, we think it rings true.)
So there you have it, America. All of your most
pressing concerns and misconceptions have been dealt
withhopefully to your satisfaction, as well as our
own.
Now, if you'll excuse us, we're going to return to our
undisclosed location underground for the next several
months, and we'll be back next February 2nd to answer
any further questions you may have.
Peace.
Insincerely,
The White House
P.S.: Hi Mom!
P.S.S.: Our mom, not your mom.
P.S.S.S.: Okay, hi to your mom, too.
Jonathan David Morris writes from Philadelphia. He can
be reached at jdm@readjdm.com. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Bad news for those celebrities who thought they were so freakin’ clever by dubbing their sons with creative names like Knox Leon, Kingston and Pilot Inspektor. A new study (via Jezebel) reveals that juvenile boys with unique first names are more likely to engage in criminal behavior.
Now I can say as a “Jarett,” that I have never held up a liquor store or stabbed a whore for fun, but I can understand the desire to lash out after years of merciless teasing on the schoolyard. So brace yourself for adolescences filled with trips to the principal’s office Nicolas Cage (son: Kal-El) and Rachel Griffiths (son: Banjo).
But there is nothing I can do for Shannyn Sossamon (technically an actress), who named her son Audio Science. Fine for a band or college major — really rude for a child. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Datena é acusado de assédio sexual por repórter Bruna Drews Jornalista disse que a Band foi conivente com o apresentador Por: Redação
José Luiz Datena está sendo processado por Bruna Drews, ex-repórter do “Brasil Urgente”, da Band, por assédio sexual.
A jornalista, de 35 anos de idade, já abriu uma representação protocolada no Ministério Público de São Paulo (SP) afirmando que o veterano teria lhe dito que ela não precisava emagrecer porque já “era muito gostosa”, além de ter lhe contado que teria se masturbado diversas pensando nela e que achava “um desperdício” a profissional “namorar uma mulher”.
Crédito: Reprodução/Band Datena teria dito que se masturbava pensando em Bruna Drews, na frente de outros funcionários da Band
De acordo com o site “Notícias da TV”, no dia 7 de junho de 2018, a equipe do quadro “A Fuga”, do extinto “Agora É Com Datena”, estava comemorando em um bar na região central da capital paulista quando Bruna foi abordada pelo comunicador, que teria dito tais afirmações acima.
Drews teria tomando a decisão de processar o apresentador só agora, pois teve uma grave crise de depressão e pânico, que a fez entrar em licença médica. A profissional também está movendo ação trabalhista contra a Band. Segundo ela, a emissora teria sido conivente com as supostas atitudes de Datena.
O jornalista, por sua vez, negou as acusações e disse que está tomando medidas judiciais sobre o caso. “Na comemoração, repeti a ela que ela era muito bonita e que não precisava emagrecer, porque ela já era competente. Tirando isso, todo o resto é mentira, calúnia e delírio”, disse ele à publicação.
Crédito: Reprodução/Band José Luiz Datena teria dito que Bruna Drews não precisava emagrecer pois já era “gostosa”
Funcionária do “Brasil Urgente” desde 2014, Bruna Drews demonstrava ter uma boa relação com Datena, porém, na realidade, se sentia constrangida com os comentários que ele fazia sobre o seu corpo durante o programa ao vivo. A repórter chegou a ouvir comentários nas ruas de que era “Lanchinho do Datena” e “Mina do Datena”.
Ainda de acordo com o site, a Band não deu informações sobre o caso. “O processo trabalhista em questão tramita em segredo de Justiça, a pedido, inclusive, da própria autora. A Band está impedida de se manifestar sobre o assunto”.
Com informações do “Notícias da TV“.
ASSÉDIO SEXUAL É CRIME
O assédio contra mulheres envolve uma série de condutas ofensivas à dignidade sexual que desrespeitam sua liberdade e integridade física, moral ou psicológica. Lembre-se: onde não há consentimento, há assédio! Não importa qual roupa você esteja vestindo, de que modo você está dançando ou quantas e quais pessoas você decidiu beijar (ou não beijar): nenhuma dessas circunstâncias autoriza ou justifica o assédio. De acordo com o Código Penal, assédio sexual é aquele que ocorre onde há relações hierárquicas entre a vítima e o assediador (em regra, é aquele que ocorre em relações de trabalho — o assediador é o empregador ou chefe e o funcionário é o assediado). O que popularmente chamamos de “assédio” é o que ocorre em espaços públicos podendo configurar outros tipos de comportamentos ilícitos.
Como denunciar?
Qualquer assédio contra a mulher pode ser denunciada pelo número 180. A denúncia pode ser feita de forma anônima e é importante fornecer a maior quantidade de informações possíveis para que haja material suficiente para uma investigação e possível responsabilização do agressor. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Mike Zimmer enters his 7th season as Vikings Head Coach in 2020. Zimmer has notched 59 wins including playoffs in his 6 seasons leading the team with a pair of NFC North titles and three playoff appearances.
Zimmer was hired as the 9th head coach in Vikings history on Jan. 15, 2014. A veteran defensive coordinator, Zimmer is in his 26th season on an NFL sideline in 2019. In his NFL tenure, Zimmer has been a part of 13 playoff teams and teams that have won 9 Division titles. He coached the Cowboys DBs when Dallas won Super Bowl XXX over Pittsburgh after the 1995 season.
In 2019, the Vikings used a new offensive scheme with a renewed emphasis on balance and a strong ground game to return to the playoffs with a 10-6 mark, earning a Wild Card win at New Orleans and advancing to face #1 seed San Francisco in the Divisional Round. The Vikings offense featured a 1,000-yard rusher (Dalvin Cook- 1,135) a 1,000-yard receiver (Stefon Diggs- 1,130) and 3,000-yard passer (Kirk Cousins- 3,603) for the 1st time since 2009 and the team climbed from #30 in NFL rushing in 2018 to #6 in 2019. Cook joined S Harrison Smith and DE Danielle Hunter as Pro Bowlers while LB Eric Kendricks led the team in tackles for the 5th straight season and earned 1st-Team Associated Press honors for the first time in his career. The team advanced to the playoffs for the 3rd time in the past 5 seasons under Zimmer and notched a road win in overtime at New Orleans in the Wild Card round and advancing to face #1 seed San Francisco in the Divisional Round. Vikings players earned NFC Player of the Week honors 6 times during the season, 3 on special teams by K Dan Bailey, 2 on defense by S Anthony Harris and Hunter and Cook earned offensive honors once. Cousins, Kendricks, DE Everson Griffen and FB C.J. Ham were named to Pro Bowl following the NFC Championship Game. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
The Official Website of Author Heather Nanni
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Monthly Archives: March 2016
Unable to find the poetry as of late, I thought I’d take a crack at some short fiction….
Reaching Limits
By: Heather Nanni
Gretchen didn’t understand how anyone could drive that slowly. What would possess someone to pull into traffic at breakneck speed then proceed to drive precisely three miles below the speed limit? Just a few minutes earlier, Gretchen was relaxed and moving. Then this person pulled out in front of her- this person, who, in her small royal blue car, would periodically, and for no apparent reason, press the breaks, bringing the speed down to ten miles below the limit and then, again for some indeterminable reason, bring the speed back up slightly above the limit, only to drop it back down to three below. Why? Why pull out and then move so slowly and erratically? Why the urgency to interrupt the flow of traffic? Looking in her rearview mirror, Gretchen could see that there were no other cars in her lane other than the two that were directly behind hers. Why, given that this driver clearly had neither the intention nor the desire to move at the same speed as Gretchen and the two other cars, pull in front of her? The selfishness of it. It infuriated her.
As Gretchen thought about the driver in the blue car, she felt herself become hot, her pulse quicken; she could feel her right ear turn red. With great effort, she attempted to check her anger. She didn’t want to spoil her few minutes of driving. She entertained the idea that the person in front of her had a legitimate reason for going below the speed limit. She searched for a gray head, two frail, aged hands clutching the steering wheel to mitigate her anger, but there were none. If only the person were elderly she could perhaps understand this vehicular injustice…slow reflexes, poor visual spatial perception. But no. As far as she could see, the driver of the car in front of hers was a bob-haired, redheaded female. And there was something about the woman’s posture that told Gretchen that she was certainly not elderly. This she could neither understand nor tolerate. She banged her steering wheel with her fist. She screamed. Fucking just move!!!
She just needed to go-to press her foot to the pedal and move. It pained Gretchen to be constrained by the dictates of this driver, to be forced to put her foot on the break even though there was nothing but open road ahead. As she approximated how far ahead she would have been had not this person pulled out in front of her, she seethed with anger. To her, anyone who could maintain this rate of speed was someone with low affect, someone who lacked passion, who lacked energy. Didn’t that person have somewhere to go? If she did, then why dawdle? Low affect. Low energy. She couldn’t relate. Everything about Gretchen moved quickly. She talked fast; she walked fast. Her mind raced. Never could Gretchen rest on a single thought; rather, she was always trying to keep up with a barrage of happy thoughts, disturbing thoughts, relentless thoughts racing through her mind, waking her up in the middle of the night, waking her up in the morning-racing thoughts resulting in a racing heart which beat into the mattress at the most rapid, unnatural and dangerous speed. Only movement could ease her mind and, somehow, rescue her from those thoughts that pulled her deeper and deeper into that midnight zone where she became stuck, unable to breathe, and from which she feared she would be unable to surface. Driving-this was an activity that released her captive mind. But this person in front of her…this person didn’t give a shit. It was her world and it moved at her speed, and everyone else could just go and screw themselves. She was a selfish bitch. How else could you explain her, the bob-haired redhead, The Bob, forcing everyone to drive three miles below the speed limit?
Gretchen just didn’t get that kind of person, the kind of person who was indifferent to the rest of the world. Gretchen had a hyper-awareness of her surroundings, something she attributed to her acute senses. Anything in her periphery was as visible as if it were standing directly in front of her. Scents, unnoticed by others, where to her strong and pungent. She prided herself on being able to identify the age of a home by its smell. Water that years past, and before the installation of the sub-pump, pooled in in the corner of the basement, the grease of sweaty palms touching doorknobs, insect remains moldered into carpets- all revealed themselves to Gretchen’s nose. And getting a full night’s sleep was nearly impossible, given that she awoke with the slightest sounds-the cat jumping off the chair, the stirring of her child in the room next door, the turning on of the furnace when the temperature fell below 74 degrees. Gretchen was aware that the vigilance to which she paid attention to all that surrounded her was beyond the realm of normal, but on the opposite end the spectrum fell this person, The Bob.
As she was forced to press the breaks again for no apparent reason, Gretchen thought back to the previous evening. She was hurriedly picking up a few items at the grocery store when she found herself stuck in a narrow isle, cornered between a man who came to a dead stop to look at his shopping list and a display of cookies and pies. The man, at first, appeared unaware that anyone was behind him. He certainly would have moved if he knew that he was holding someone up. Gretchen stood patiently, convinced that the man was oblivious of her presence although she questioned how it was possible that he didn’t hear her, considering that her shopping cart had a very squeaky wheel. Finally, the man put his list into his pocket and took three steps forward. When Gretchen resumed walking the front tire of her cart gave out a piercing squeal. Now that he knew she was behind him, she assumed that he would feel badly about holding her up. She was relieved. He knew she was there, and they were moving again. She had places to be, a pace to maintain if her night was not going to fall apart. To Gretchen’s dismay, however, the man moved ahead approximately two more paces and then stopped-dead, took out his cell phone and placed a call, all the while Gretchen standing behind him. The anger that had been percolating now came to a full boil, and the sudden urge to just shove the asshole in front of her became almost uncontrollable. Gretchen contained her anger and softly said, “Excuse me.” The man made no acknowledgement other than to move his cart ever so slightly to the right, giving Gretchen barely enough room to squeeze through. She muttered “prick” under her breath and proceeded to finish her shopping – nervously, concerned that the man had heard her call him a prick and that they would run into each other again. Gretchen loathed confrontation, but she was so angry, so very angry, and as she completed her shopping, she became angrier just thinking about what had happened. She worried about how she would react if she were to run into the man a second time, so she kept her head down and moved as quickly as possible, hoping to finish her shopping and get the hell out of the store without having another encounter with him.
And now here she was again, trapped behind another selfish shit. She thought about how very different she was from these other people. Whenever Gretchen found herself holding someone up, she was mortified. She recalled a situation a few weeks back. She was stopped at a traffic light and had picked up her phone to check her messages. Somehow she managed to drop it between the console and the passenger’s seat. Quickly, she stuck her hand into the space between the two, desperately searching for her phone. Aware that the clock was ticking, that the light would turn green at any moment, that if she took a second too long she would hold up the line of cars behind her, she unbuckled her seat belt, leaned over and poked her head under the passenger’s seat. It took no longer than two seconds for her to emerge with her phone in hand, only to realize that the light had already turned green. Damn! The people behind her must be pissed. They must think she’s an idiot, or worse, a lousy, selfish person. She had to show them that they were wrong, that she was not who they thought she was. She was better than that. So she pressed the gas and tore through the intersection. She weaved in and out of traffic, making it to the next light in record time. Yeah. They understood. They would forgive her the hesitation. It was an easy mistake-that pause when the light turned green. They knew. We all get distracted. They would forgive her.
But now she had to deal with the selfish asshole in front of her who, unlike Gretchen, didn’t care if she held anyone up. She didn’t care that Gretchen was in a hurry. It seemed that The Bob’s sole purpose was to slow her down. She just drifted along, and all caught in her wake were at her mercy. Damn these two-lane roads. Traffic flowed from the opposite direction. There was no opportunity to pass. Damn! Gretchen’s felt her chest tighten. Her breathing became shallow. Should she lay on the horn? Flash her lights? No. She wouldn’t do that. She didn’t want to call attention to herself. She would just drive as closely to The Bob’s car as possible, being careful not to tap its bumper. But she just needed to make sure there were no cops around. The last thing she needed was to get pulled over for tailgating. That would slow her down. More importantly, it would be embarrassing. What if someone she knew drove by and spotted her pulled over on the side of the road while an officer wrote her a ticket? What if someone from her daughter’s school saw her? No. That wouldn’t do. She needed to be extremely cautious.
Gretchen moved her car as close to The Bob’s bumper as possible, trying to push her along, to get her to, at a bare minimum, reach the speed limit. Of course, her attempts were futile. The Bob just ambled on, erratically slowing down, speeding up ever so slightly and braking well before there was a need. If only Gretchen could just push the car in front of her, attach it to the front of her car like a snow plow and force the fucking driver to move.
Gretchen wondered if The Bob was even aware that she was on her tail. As far as she could tell, The Bob never even looked in the rearview mirror-not once. She just continued driving three miles below the speed limit, periodically speeding up only to return to three below within a few seconds, until, of course, she approached a traffic light. Then, long before there was ever a need, she began breaking, bringing her speed down to an unbearably slow rate before coming to a complete stop for the light that had just turned yellow. Sitting behind this woman, coming to a dead stop, at a yellow light when there was clearly more than enough time for both cars to make it through before the light turned red was too much. Gretchen cursed; her heart beat a savage rhythm. After being forced to sit idly at a yellow light when she had someplace to get to, she had reached her limit. What she really wanted to was get out of her car and punch the bitch. That’s what she wanted to do. Instead, however, she laid on the horn. She laid on hard and long and angry. Only then did The Bob look up, but just for a moment, as if to check what the sound was simply out of curiosity.
Finally, the light turned green. Of course The Bob sat for about two long seconds before accelerating. Moving slowly down the road, Gretchen searched for opportunities to pass, points where the solid yellow line broke up, indicating that it was safe to move into the oncoming lane. Of course, when those moments arose, there were always cars flowing from the opposite direction, making passing impossible.
Fearing she would be late, Gretchen felt a nervous energy surge through her. Her body began to tingle with the mix of anxiety, anger and frustration. She needed to pass this person. She needed to move forward. She felt like those poor bastards who, after swimming for hours in the frigid waters of the English Channel, were forced to quit because they kept getting pushed back by the tide. Why should Gretchen be made to feel this way? She left her house on time. In fact, she left early. She had someplace to be. Being trapped behind this person was unfair.
Finally, Gretchen noticed that, up ahead, her side of the road opened into two lanes. Here was her opportunity. Granted, the sign indicated that the right lane was for right turns only. No matter. She was going to do it. She was going to risk getting caught by a cop. She was going to risk looking like a maniac in front of everyone who was about to witness her maneuver. Since you could turn right on red, she was even going to risk holding up the cars that lined up behind her. She didn’t care. This was war, and she had to view anyone stuck behind her as collateral damage. Of course, the irony of holding people up didn’t escape Gretchen; she just had to push that thought aside.
Slowly, The Bob and Gretchen moved towards the next set of traffic lights. As they approached, Gretchen watched the light turn yellow then red. It no longer mattered. Soon she would extricate herself from this unbearable situation. This was it. The Bob came to a complete stop. Gretchen pulled to the right and moved up beside her. Don’t look at her. Don’t worry if she looks at you. Of course, another car drove up behind Gretchen. Her stomach turned. She hated holding the person up. She hoped that traffic would come through the intersecting street, rendering the right on red option pointless. No one came though, and the driver of the car behind hers honked his horn. Don’t look at him. Focus. Once the light turned green, Gretchen would have to move fast. Finally it did. Gretchen floored the gas pedal, driving past the light and pulling in front of The Bob. Gretchen felt a sense of euphoria. She likened it to the feeling an animal must have when it escapes from a trapper’s cage.
She looked ahead. Traffic seemed relatively clear. She looked in her rearview mirror. There, far in the distance, was The Bob in her little blue car, moving slowly down the road. Fuck her.
Finally, Gretchen reached her destination. She found a place in the school parking lot. Excellent. 2:48. She still had seven minutes before she had to walk up to the door of the school to collect her daughter at dismissal. Gretchen felt tired, drained from the drive to the school. She pulled out her phone to check her messages. As she was reading, Gretchen sensed someone pull into the space to the right of hers. From the corner of her eye she could make out that it was a blue car. Shit. No.
Yes. Yes it was. It was The Bob. Gretchen commanded herself not to, under any circumstances, make eye contact with the woman. At precisely 2:55 Gretchen, not wanting to be late to retrieve her daughter, got out of her car. The Bob, of course, seemed in no hurry. As Gretchen closed her door, however, The Bob emerged from her car. Don’t look at her. Don’t look up. Then Gretchen heard the sound of another parent call to her from the direction of The Bob’s car. Shit. Could she just ignore the person, pretend like she didn’t hear her? No. The woman was so loud, Gretchen had to have heard her. Again, the woman called out, “Hi Gretchen! I haven’t seen you in a while. I guess you always make it here ahead of me.” As Gretchen raised her head to respond, The Bob caught her eye. It happened. They made eye contact. Gretchen felt the familiar and uncomfortable hot and tingly sensation throughout her body. Her face became tight and somewhat twitchy and then, not having enough time to attend to all her racing thoughts, she managed a stiff grin. The Bob, the imperturbable Bob, placidly grinned back. Gretchen chirped back to the woman four cars down, “Oh, I rush in, grab my daughter and rush out.” Then they all made their way to the school doors. The Bob, moving slowly, calmly. Gretchen, scurrying quickly, nervously. She had someplace to be. She had to get there. She had to move. She had to move. She just had to move. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
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One year after injury 50% of people with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) still report neck pain,[@R1] but effective treatment remains a scientific gap of knowledge.[@R2] One factor attributed to the persistence of symptoms in individuals with WAD is deconditioned neck muscles that may affect the physical support of the cervical vertebral column.[@R3] Studies have shown characteristic morphologic changes in the cervical muscles of patients with WAD,[@R4],[@R5] as well as altered muscle behavior[@R6]--[@R10] and reductions in strength and endurance.[@R11] On the basis of such findings there are some recommendations that patients with WAD undertake neck-specific exercise to condition their cervical muscles.[@R12]
Despite clinical recommendations, however, there is as yet no clear evidence of benefit from any conservative management of chronic WAD, including neck-specific exercise.[@R2],[@R13] As a consequence there is uncertainty as to the optimal exercise approach.[@R14] One approach that is commonly used and recommended in Sweden is the concept of the Prescription of Physical Activity (PPA). Similar approaches are recommended in several countries for a variety of diagnoses, including chronic pain, and involve patients undertaking self-directed general physical activity outside the health care system.[@R15] However, although physical activity in general is reported to result in positive pain reduction and improved function in some chronic pain states,[@R15],[@R16] there is no evidence for its benefit in the management of mechanical neck disorders.[@R17] General physical activity approaches also do not specifically address the known cervical muscle impairments in WAD.[@R4],[@R5] In addition, there is some evidence that a supervised specific neck/shoulder exercise approach in patients with subacute WAD may result in better pain reduction than unsupervised exercise (as is the emphasis in the PPA approaches).[@R18]
Furthermore, there is clear evidence of the effectiveness of neck-specific exercise in the management of chronic nonspecific neck pain,[@R19]--[@R22] and it has been reported to be effective in reducing neck pain in fighter pilots with repeated whiplash-like exposure.[@R23]
Considering that chronic neck disorders such as WAD may involve a variety of symptoms with overlap between both physical and psychosocial contributing factors,[@R24] it is reasonable to assume that the incorporation of a behavioral approach to neck-specific exercise, such as implemented for chronic low back pain,[@R25] may result in better outcomes in response to neck-specific exercise for patients with chronic WAD. For example, a behavioral approach may moderate the detrimental impact some psychological factors may have on the success of exercise, such as low self-efficacy (SE), which can be a predictor of total pain behavior[@R26] as well as a predictor of persistent disability or reduced health-related quality of life in acute[@R27] and subacute[@R28] WAD. Although previous studies have combined neck exercise and behavioral approaches in the management of chronic WAD, the methodology utilized in these studies (multimodal exercise[@R29] or incorporating neck-specific exercise in a multimodal treatment approach[@R30]) unfortunately make it difficult to determine the effect of neck-specific exercise alone, or if any additional benefits of the combined approach were evident.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect on self-rated pain, disability, and SE of 3 interventions in chronic WAD management, grade 2 or 3: physiotherapist-led neck-specific exercise (NSE), physiotherapist-led neck-specific exercise with a behavioral approach (NSEB), or PPA.
We hypothesized that NSE would have a better effect on pain and disability than PPA, and that the addition of the behavioral approach to exercise would result in superior improvements than NSE alone. We have included participants with both WAD classifications grade 2 and 3. We anticipate that this will improve the clinical meaningfulness of the findings as studies rarely include participants classified as WAD grade 3 (with neurological signs)[@R31] despite concomitant upper limb symptoms reported as present in most individuals with chronic WAD,[@R32],[@R33] which could be an indication that neurological signs might be present in some of these individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
=====================
Design
------
This was a multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with assessor and group allocation blinding. Because of the nature of the interventions participants and physiotherapists were unable to be blinded to the interventions.
Participants and Settings
-------------------------
A total of 216 individuals with chronic WAD participated in the study, including 142 (65%) women and 74 (35%) men with a mean age of 40.5 years (range, 18 to 63 y, SD 11.4 y). Participants were included if they were aged between 18 and 63 years and had experienced a whiplash injury in the preceding 6 to 36 months that was nominated as the cause of current symptoms. To be included in the study participants' condition had to be classified as WAD grade 2 or 3,[@R31] they had to record a Neck Disability Index (NDI) score[@R34] of at least 10/50 points, and record an average pain on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of \>20/100 mm (0=no pain, 100=worst imaginable pain)[@R35] for the preceding week. Participants were excluded if they reported signs of traumatic brain injury (unconsciousness/loss of memory in connection to the whiplash injury), previous neck trauma with unresolved symptoms, neck pain causing \>1 month's work absence in the preceding year before the whiplash injury, myelopathy, spinal infection, or tumor or previous neck surgery. Exclusion was also made if participants reported a more dominant pain elsewhere in the body, or conditions potentially detrimental to completing the study interventions, such as ongoing malignant disease, severe psychiatric disorders, neurological diseases, drug abuse, or insufficient competence of the Swedish language. The interventions were conducted in a primary-care setting with physiotherapists who were experienced in managing neck pain disorders, and all physiotherapist visits were made within the ordinary publicly funded reimbursement system.
Procedure
---------
Potential participants were identified from health care registers of 6 Swedish counties, including primary health care centers, specialist orthopedic clinics, and hospital outpatient services. Participants were screened for eligibility by a 4-step process (Fig. [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). This process included: (1) an initial screening letter (sent to 7950 potential participants) that contained study information, basic inclusion/exclusion criteria (Fig. [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), as well as a NDI[@R34] and pain VAS measure, and a prepaid return envelope; (2) a telephone interview; (3) checking of medical records if uncertainty existed regarding medical history; (4) clinical physical examination by a blinded experienced physiotherapist (mean, 18 y experience) to classify the disorder as either a WAD grade 2 (neck pain and clinical findings) or WAD grade 3 (addition of neurological signs).[@R31] In preparation for the study, test-leaders had practical sessions together to ensure standardized performances of the tests were employed before any participants were recruited. The criteria of neurological signs was met if patients reported arm pain or paresthesia without other known causes, together with at least 2 positive physical examination findings indicating neurological deficit in the same dermatome/myotome.[@R36] In addition, when arm symptoms were present in the supine test position, alteration of symptoms by manual neck traction at the corresponding cervical vertebral levels was also a mandatory finding to further strengthen the assumption that the symptoms were neck induced.
{#F1}
Participants were recruited between February 2011 and May 2012 and all participants received verbal and written information about the study. Informed consent and baseline outcome measurements were collected before allocation. Allocation from a computerized randomization list was made by an independent researcher, who also put the individual results in sealed completely opaque envelopes for further distribution to the treating physiotherapists. The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Linköping University, Sweden.
Interventions
-------------
The physiotherapists conducting the interventions were provided with standardized oral and written information about their interventions, and those in charge of physiotherapist-led exercise interventions received a day of standardized theoretical and practical training from the project leaders. The behavioral approach was designed to be basic and manageable by experienced physiotherapists in primary care with some previous knowledge of behavioral approaches. All physiotherapists were encouraged to become familiar with any of the specific neck exercises that they previously were not implementing by incorporating them into their clinical practice during the 1 month (or more) period before receiving study patients. They were also encouraged to contact project leaders if in need of further guidance throughout the study. All patients were first examined by their treating physiotherapist, and all 3 interventions were undertaken over a 12-week period. Participants were urged to refrain from having any other physical treatments for their neck disorder during the 6 months of participating in this study.
### Physiotherapist-led Neck-specific Exercise Group (NSE)
Participants undertook supervised exercise, and received basic information about the musculoskeletal system of the neck, relevant to the exercise. The exercise program consisted of 2 physiotherapy sessions weekly in addition to home exercise. Initially the program focused on daily gentle unresisted isometric cervical flexion, extension and rotation exercises (about 3 sets of 5 repetitions of each exercise daily at home), aimed at facilitating activity of the deep cervical muscle layers. Exercise was then progressed in each direction with low isometric resistance, increasing the exercise parameters toward 3 sets of 10 repetitions in supine and sitting positions in preparation of the forthcoming gym exercise. The importance of good posture was also emphasized to further facilitate deep cervical muscle function.[@R37] Gradually exercise was introduced in the gym with progressive resistance training with a focus on low-load endurance training, using a weighted pulley for head resistance, or guild board. Progression was made to higher repetitions (up to 3 sets of 30 repetitions) within the symptom tolerance. Although a standardized framework of exercises was followed, progression was tailored to each individual according to their symptomatic response and capability. In this manner participants were encouraged to avoid the aggravation of pain as impaired endogenous pain mechanisms are thought to be present in some individuals with chronic WAD, underpinning recommendations to avoid pain provocation in this group.[@R38] If considered appropriate for an individual, the exercise program could also include exercise for the lower back, abdomen, and scapulae, as well as stretching exercises. Toward the end of the 12-week exercise period participants were encouraged to continue exercise in the home by providing them with resistive exercise bands and a written individualized exercise program also including prescription of general physical activity (Fig. [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}).
{#F2}
### Physiotherapist-guided Neck-specific Exercise Group With a Behavioral Approach (NSEB)
The protocol of exercises in the NSEB group was the same as that undertaken by the NSE group; however, it was initially progressed slower to accommodate the additional behavioral component. In accordance with the concept of graded exercise, patients were encouraged not to focus on temporary increases in neck pain. Furthermore, patients were encouraged to take responsibility for the exercise progression, with the physiotherapist acting as a coach, in an operant-conditioning behavioral approach, focusing on success in exercise progression.[@R39]
They also received basic behavioral intervention training, led by the physiotherapist. The behavioral intervention included oral education regarding physiological and psychological aspects of pain, as well as activities aimed at pain management and problem-solving, including the management of symptomatic relapses (Fig. [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Patients were encouraged to consider what they learnt and practice relevant pain management skills, for instance relaxation exercises, at home between sessions.
### Prescription of Physical Activity Group (PPA)
The concept of PPA is based on the patient receiving a written prescription of physical activity, just like a prescription of medication, to be performed outside the health care system.[@R15] Participants in this group first had a short motivational interview conducted by the physiotherapist, and based on the discussions within the interview and the subsequent physical examination, were prescribed individualized physical activity. The purpose of this prescription was to increase overall physical activity, either with individualized home exercise or activities performed in public gyms, or elsewhere, outside the health care system. Individualized exercise is suggested to enhance exercise adherence.[@R40] Neck-specific exercises including any form of head resistance were not prescribed. One follow-up visit or phone call was encouraged. And consistent with the approach taken with the NSE and NSEB groups, participants were encouraged to continue exercising after the 12-week intervention was over.
Outcome Measures
----------------
Background variables including generic data, self-reported general health measured with the Euroqol 5-D instrument,[@R41] and activity level, measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire,[@R42] are presented in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}. All outcome measures were collected at baseline and after 3 and 6 months following commencement of the intervention. All outcome measures were collected and registered by research staff blinded to intervention group allocation. Patients completed questionnaires at home.
######
Background Variables of Participants
### Disability
The primary outcome measurement (in accordance with previously published protocol on Clinical Trials.gov, no NCT01528579) was the NDI.[@R34],[@R43] The NDI consists of 10 items grading neck disability from 0 (no activity limitations) to 5 (major activity limitations) with a total maximum score of 50 points[@R34] with a higher score representing a higher level of disability. The NDI is widely used, is reported to be reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient up to 0.98) and valid measurement of disability in neck pain disorders.[@R43] The Minimal Clinical Important Difference of the NDI score is suggested to be 3.5 to 5/50 points,[@R34] with a reduction of 5 set as the cutoff score defining a positive responder (clinically relevant improvement in disability) in this study. To make sure the cutoff value exceeded the measurement error in this study population, Minimum Detectable Change was calculated as previously done in other neck pain populations,[@R44] using the NDI scores from both the inquiry letters, and baseline questionnaire from 5 counties (n=150), rendering a Minimal Detectable Change of 3.3/50 points.
### Pain
Pain was recorded in terms of current neck pain intensity, measured with a Pain VAS (anchored by 0=no pain, 100=worst imaginable pain)[@R35] and pain bothersomeness, recorded for the preceding 24 hours (anchored by 0=not bothersome at all, 100=extremely bothersome). Pain bothersomeness has been shown to be more responsive than pain intensity in individuals with WAD.[@R45] The Initiative on Methods, Measurement and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) also recommend reporting the proportion of patients achieving a certain degree of pain relief. A reduction in pain intensity of ≥50% is suggested to indicate substantial improvements, or treatment success,[@R46] and was used in this study to define a positive responder regarding pain. Patients also recorded if they used analgesics to manage their neck pain (yes/no).
### Self-Efficacy
The participants' confidence in their ability to perform activities despite their pain was evaluated using the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES).[@R47],[@R48] SES is a reliable instrument in WAD populations[@R24],[@R49] consisting of 20 different physical and psychosocial activity items (from 0=not confident at all, to 10=very confident), thus generating a total score from 0 to 200.
### Intervention Compliance and Other Interventions
Completion rate of recommended exercise (at least 50% attendance to the intervention sessions) was collected from the physiotherapists and from participant exercise diaries (PPA group). Patients were also asked about any neck-related treatments outside the study protocol.
Statistics and Data Management
------------------------------
The required sample size was determined on the basis of the expected difference between groups for main outcome, NDI (3.5/50, SD 7), for the 3 groups with an α-level of 5% and a power goal of 80%, allowing for 10% drop-outs, rendering a sample size of 216. If only 1 item of data for the NDI (or 2 data items for the SES) were missing, these missing data points were substituted by the average item score of the questionnaire for that participant. If more data were missing, that particular score was omitted from the analysis. The primary analysis was made on an intention-to-treat basis, but including all patients completing each measurement. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate within-group comparisons, with Mauchly or Greenhouse-Geisser correction depending on sphericity. Between-group comparisons were evaluated with a 1-way analysis of variance with Tukeys correction for post hoc tests. All outcomes were normally distributed. In binary outcomes χ^2^ tests were used.
To determine the proportion of responders to treatment in each group, a subanalysis of patients with at least 50% exercise compliance was conducted. Cutoff values were used for primary disability and pain outcomes as previously described. Significance level was set at *P*\<0.05. SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for all statistical analysis.
RESULTS
=======
Of the total 216 participants included in the study, 122 (57%) were classified as WAD grade 2 and 94 (43%) as grade 3. Apart from a slight difference in age and sex there were no differences between the 3 intervention groups at baseline (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). There was no correlation between age (all *r*~s~\<0.11, *P*\>0.19), sex (all *r*~s~\<0.12, *P*\>0.09), and any of the outcomes. Patients with WAD grade 3 reported more baseline disability (NDI +2.5, *P*\<0.01) and current pain (VAS +8, *P*=0.02) than those with grade 2. The drop-out rate at the 3-month-follow-up was 12%, and 20% at 6 months.
Disability
----------
Disability levels in both the NSE and NSEB groups significantly improved (NDI, *P*\<0.01/\<0.001) over time with no improvement observed for the PPA group. When separating WAD grades, the results did not change (*P*\<0.05). There were significant changes between groups in disability at the 3-month follow-up (NDI, *P*=0.02) where the PPA group had less improvements than the NSE/NSEB groups. At 6 months the difference remained significant. There was no significant difference between the NSE and NSEB groups (Table [2](#T2){ref-type="table"}).
######
Change Scores From Baseline to 3 and 6 Months
With regard to the proportion of responders as indicated by change in NDI score, there was no significant difference between groups (*P*=0.23) in the proportion of responders at 3 months (40% NSE, 43% NSEB, 21% PPA), however, at 6 months the difference was significant (*P*=0.02) between groups (28% NSE, 54% NSEB, and 21% PPA) (Fig. [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}).
{#F3}
Pain
----
Pain bothersomeness was significantly reduced over time in all the 3 groups (NSE and NSEB, *P*\<0.001; PPA, *P*=0.04) and between-group differences were only observed between the NSE/NSEB groups and the PPA group for participants with WAD grade 2 (*P*=0.01) at 3 months but not 6 months. Current pain was also reduced in all 3 groups (NSE, *P*=0.001; NSEB, *P*≤0.001; PPA, *P*=0.04), but between-group differences were not evident at either 3 or 6 months (Table [2](#T2){ref-type="table"}).
With regard to substantial reduction in pain bothersomeness, there were significantly more responders in the NSE groups, NSE/NSEB, compared with the PPA group (*P*\<0.01, NSE 48%, NSEB 29%, PPA 5%), but not current pain (*P*=0.39, NSE 35%, NSEB 41%, PPA 22%) at 3 months. The differences were not significant at 6 months for either the pain bothersomeness (*P*=0.44, NSE 36%, NSEB 37%, PPA 17%) or current pain (*P*=0.51, NSE 39%, NSEB 44%, PPA 28%) measures (Fig. [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}).
There was a difference in the proportion of participants reporting use of analgesic drugs due to neck pain (*P*=0.05) where the PPA group had the highest proportion of users (NSE 40% \[n=26\], NSEB 55% \[n=37\], and PPA 62% \[n=37\]) at 3 months. At 6 months significantly fewer patients (*P*=0.03) in both the NSE (42% \[n=24)\] and NSEB groups \[41% n=23\]) still reported using analgesic drugs than those in the PPA group (64% \[n=33\]).
Self-Efficacy
-------------
SE improved only in the NSE group (*P*=0.02) but only for those with WAD grade 2 (*P*\<0.01). There were no between-group differences.
Intervention Compliance and Other Treatments
--------------------------------------------
At the 3-month follow-up, compliance (at least 50% attendance to the intervention sessions) was 70% and 71% in the NSE and NSEB group, respectively. In the PPA group 50% of patients reported compliance to their prescribed physical activity (*P*=0.07). Compliance at 6 months was rated at 52%, 55%, and 50% in the NSE, NSEB, and PPA groups, respectively (*P*=0.90). At 6 months 3 patients in the NSE, 4 in the NSEB, and 7 in the PPA groups reported having received additional care from physiotherapists/chiropractors elsewhere (*P*=0.20).
DISCUSSION
==========
Taking all measurements into consideration this study indicates that supervised neck-specific exercise with, or without a behavioral approach, may have greater clinical benefits than the PPA for patients with chronic WAD. Both neck-specific exercise interventions (NSE and NSEB) resulted in significantly greater changes in disability compared with the PPA group. These improvements were particularly evident after the first 3 months of intervention. Although group differences in pain measurements were less robust, the use of analgesic drugs was significantly lower in the 2 NSE groups at 6 months compared with the PPA group. In addition, the proportion of patients achieving substantial reduction in pain bothersomeness was also greater in the 2 NSE groups at 3 months, albeit not significantly so at 6 months. The findings of this study therefore support our hypothesis and clinical proposition that neck-specific exercise may be more beneficial than PPA for the management of patients with chronic WAD.
However, the results do not support our hypothesis that the addition of a behavioral approach would result in greater benefits than NSE alone, even though there was a trend toward better results for the NSEB group, especially regarding disability at 6 months. It was surprising, however, to find that only patients in the NSE group demonstrated a significant improvement in SE. A subgroup analysis excluding those with \<50% compliance did not alter this relationship, even though mean improvements were somewhat higher in all groups in this subanalysis. A possible explanation could be that in contrast to the NSEB group, exercise in the NSE group was supposed to be pain-free and they had fewer tasks to focus on, which may have been successful factors in boosting their mastery experience during the study period. Mastery experience is reported to be the strongest influence on SE belief, enabling a person to succeed in increasingly challenging performances of a behavior that is attainable and desired.[@R50] Although this is an interesting finding it should also be acknowledged that the difference between groups in SE was insignificant, and behavioral approaches vary. Although all physiotherapists had some knowledge of behavioral approaches before involvement in the study, we do acknowledge that results may have been different with physiotherapists specialized in incorporating more advanced behavioral approaches, or if a different behavioral approach was utilized.
This study, to our knowledge, is also the first study to report the effects of exercise on participants with WAD grade 2 and 3 separately. The findings suggest that there is a tendency for those with grade 3 to benefit more than those with grade 2 from NSE with or without a behavioral approach. On the basis that participants classified as WAD grade 3 had more baseline pain and disability our findings are in accordance with previous findings that show supervised exercise to be more effective for those with higher baseline neck pain and disability.[@R29] There were no significant improvements for those with grade 3 in the PPA group.
From a clinical perspective although the changes observed in this study were statistically significant, the mean reductions in pain and disability are relatively modest. However, in heterogeneous population like chronic WAD, variable responses to an intervention may be expected and central tendency analysis may not give enough information to be clinically meaningful.[@R51] In addition, criteria for clinically important changes in individuals cannot be extrapolated to the evaluation of group differences.[@R52] We addressed this by analyzing the proportion of patients achieving a clinically meaningful positive response with main outcomes to provide information beyond group mean differences alone.[@R52] Examining the data in this manner may thus give a stronger indication of treatment success and may be more informative to clinical practice than mean group differences that have potential wash-out effects. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that even though mean group reductions were fairly modest, well over a third of the patients in the NSE/NSEB groups and over 21% of those in the PPA group had reached substantial reduction in pain/pain bothersomeness at 6 months. Pain reduction is one of the most important outcomes to people with chronic pain[@R53] and taking into account that little change can be expected after 3 months' duration in chronic WAD,[@R31],[@R54] the results of this study are promising. They indicate that all 3 interventions can be effective to a fair proportion of individuals, even though the NSE interventions (NSE/NSEB) seem more likely to be of benefit. Different cutoff values for clinical important changes in NDI have been presented in the literature, and the result may have been different with another cutoff value. However, the cutoff value of 5 used in this study has previously been used and recommended[@R34] and exceeded measurement error in this study.
There were more women than men in this study, which is consistent with the general WAD population.[@R55] Analysis of individuals that fulfilled the criteria, but declined to participate in this study showed that the study sample was well representative in age, sex, and level of pain (declined to participate, mean age 39 \[SD 17\], sex female 62%, VAS 45 \[SD 24\]), but those who declined reported somewhat more disability (NDI 22 \[SD 17\]) than the study sample. As those with more disability previously have been reported to benefit more[@R29] it is not unlikely that the results would be at least equally promising in the whole population.
Limitations
-----------
A multicenter study such as this involving multiple intervening therapists offers less control and may potentially compromise performance of the intended interventions. We attempted to minimize this by ensuring that the physiotherapists were trained and practiced the standardized interventions in preparation for the study. Also, results from such a multicenter study may be more generalizable to physiotherapy practice in a range of primary-care settings and may also enhance implementation.
The study sample size was not calculated for subgrouping, and differences between subgroups (ie, WAD grade 2 and 3) may therefore be underpowered to detect other possible differences than those presented between intervention groups. Despite this, the power was stronger and the significant improvement in disability was larger in patients with WAD grade 3 compared with grade 2. However, possible differences between grades regarding response to different exercise treatments needs to be further investigated in future studies.
Regarding statistics, imputation of data may produce an overconservative estimate of treatment effect, but the choice not to impute data, as in this study, may cause selection bias instead. However, there was no difference in the baseline outcomes (NDI, *P*=0.12; pain VAS, *P*=0.50; and VAS bothersomeness, *P*=0.64) between participants who dropped out and those who completed. There was a small, but significant difference in age and sex between groups, but no significant correlation between age or sex and any of the outcomes, and when incorporated into the analysis these variables did not alter the results. Being female has been associated with worse prognosis,[@R1],[@R55] yet the group with the highest proportion of women (NSE) still did better than the group with the lowest proportion (PPA).
Consistent with the concept, participants in the PPA group only had 1 to 2 physiotherapist visits, which may have influenced the results, as the other 2 groups had regular physiotherapist contact. All patients, however, also visited blinded experienced physiotherapists (project leaders) 3 times for other tests, and were all encouraged to keep exercising in accordance with the guidelines given by their treating physiotherapist. Compliance was somewhat lower at 3 months in the PPA group which may have been partly due to a greater amount of missing exercise data for this group. Some patients may have felt that the PPA intervention was less direct and specific to their problem and may have been less motivated. However, others may have preferred unspecific approaches in fear of overloading their neck. Expectations of the 3 interventions were similar at baseline and there was no difference between groups regarding fulfillment of expectations at 6 months (76 to 85 on a 100 mm VAS scale, *P*=0.64). In the analysis of responders, only those with at least 50% compliance were included, and the outcomes were still better in the 2 neck-specific groups.
Clinician treatment preferences has previously failed to show any moderation of treatment effect in chronic WAD[@R56] and the physiotherapists were selected and matched to work within their field of interest and knowledge as much as possible. Our aim was to use a protocol that would be manageable by experienced physiotherapists in primary care, and thus also possible to implement in clinical care without major changes. However, 1 session of education in neck-specific exercise may have been inadequate for some physiotherapists to manage this skill optimally, even though they were used to handling neck pain patients. We did attempt to minimize this by allowing at least a month to practice before commencing the study and permitting advice to be sought from project leaders throughout the study period.
Considering the heterogeneity of chronic WAD populations even within the Quebec Task Force classification,[@R31] both in physical and psychosocial manifestations, it is unlikely that any 1 treatment will suit all, but in this study there are clear indications that NSE with, or without a behavioral approach, may be appropriate for a number of these individuals. Future studies will need to be undertaken to predict which patients will benefit more from which kind of exercise approach. These studies will also have to consider the cost-effectiveness of these interventions as PPA in itself is a much cheaper intervention. There is also a need to explore whether individuals with chronic WAD grades 2 and 3 may need different rehabilitation approaches, including exercise.
CONCLUSIONS
===========
Physiotherapist-led NSE resulted in superior outcomes compared with PPA in this chronic WAD population. The observed benefits of adding a behavioral approach to the implementation of exercise in this study were inconclusive.
The authors thank all the participants in this study, including WAD participants, physiotherapists, and staff involved at any stage of the study.
Supported by funding from the Swedish government through the Swedish Research Council in cooperation with the Swedish Social Insurance Agency through the REHSAM foundation Stockholm, Sweden, and the regional Centers for Clinical Research of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden and Sörmland, Uppsala, Sweden County Councils. A.P. is supported by the Swedish Research Council, Stockholm, Sweden. S.O.L. is supported by a Health Practitioner Research Fellowship (Queensland Health and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia \[NHMRC CCRE Spinal Pain, Injury and Health\]). The authors declare no conflict of interest.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Central |
Traditional hearing aid processors operate independently within a user's left and right ear (see e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,005,246; 8,406,442). As each hearing aid only receives a mono signal, there is no need to perform centralized or stereo processing on an incoming sound stream, which is simply processed locally by the hearing aid or mono receiver. However, the advent of wireless audio transmission technologies such as Bluetooth has enabled audio processing to become centralized on one core processor, allowing for more sophisticated stereo sound processing techniques. In these instances, a stereo signal is received at a single decoder and the decoder extracts a multichannel audio signal from the received stereo signal (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 9,755,704). The multichannel audio signal audio data is then processed using a stereo augmentation process and outputted to the appropriate speaker. Relative to a conventional hearing aid, here the augmentation happens as part of one process, not two independent processes.
As more features have been added to the suite of capabilities on smart devices and hearing wearables (“hearables”) employing Bluetooth or other similar short-range wireless interconnection methods, strains on processing power have become increasingly apparent. Sound augmentation is a computationally expensive process and there exists a need to devise efficient means to perform this process while maintaining the integrity of the hearing experience for the user. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide computationally efficient and high-quality sound augmentation processing methods for stereo audio devices. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | USPTO Backgrounds |
closed as primarily opinion-based by George Stocker♦Aug 25 '16 at 16:50
Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
Now a days many IDEs comes with coverage highlighting, make sure you covers the most important parts of code at least than thinking of attaining a given percentage.
– MartyApr 17 '16 at 21:30
% symbol is code smell for metrics ( also % is a bullshit smell in general)
– Hernán EcheAug 25 '16 at 18:14
9
This is a perfectly reasonable question as written. If you think it's opinion based, it's because you haven't used coverage tools enough to see the relationships between test writing effort, coverage percentage, and bug catching effectiveness.
– Warren DewJul 3 '17 at 3:57
1
My concern about the answers on this page is that when I did Ctrl + F for the phrase "branch coverage" I only get one answer that has this phrase, that is the one I up voted after reading through.
– Eric BishardOct 12 '17 at 19:22
“I am ready to write some unit tests. What code coverage should I aim
for?”
The great master replied:
“Don’t worry about coverage, just write some good tests.”
The programmer smiled, bowed, and
left.
...
Later that day, a second programmer
asked the same question.
The great master pointed at a pot of
boiling water and said:
“How many grains of rice should I put in that pot?”
The programmer, looking puzzled,
replied:
“How can I possibly tell you? It depends on how many people you need to
feed, how hungry they are, what other
food you are serving, how much rice
you have available, and so on.”
“Exactly,” said the great master.
The second programmer smiled, bowed,
and left.
...
Toward the end of the day, a third
programmer came and asked the same
question about code coverage.
“Eighty percent and no less!” Replied the master in a stern voice,
pounding his fist on the table.
The third programmer smiled, bowed,
and left.
...
After this last reply, a young
apprentice approached the great
master:
“Great master, today I overheard you answer the same question about
code coverage with three different
answers. Why?”
The great master stood up from his
chair:
“Come get some fresh tea with me and let’s talk about it.”
After they filled their cups with
smoking hot green tea, the great
master began to answer:
“The first programmer is new and just getting started with testing.
Right now he has a lot of code and no
tests. He has a long way to go;
focusing on code coverage at this time
would be depressing and quite useless.
He’s better off just getting used to
writing and running some tests. He can
worry about coverage later.”
“The second programmer, on the other hand, is quite experience both
at programming and testing. When I
replied by asking her how many grains
of rice I should put in a pot, I
helped her realize that the amount of
testing necessary depends on a number
of factors, and she knows those
factors better than I do – it’s her
code after all. There is no single,
simple, answer, and she’s smart enough
to handle the truth and work with
that.”
“I see,” said the young apprentice,
“but if there is no single simple
answer, then why did you answer the
third programmer ‘Eighty percent and
no less’?”
The great master laughed so hard and
loud that his belly, evidence that he
drank more than just green tea,
flopped up and down.
“The third programmer wants only simple answers – even when there are
no simple answers … and then does not
follow them anyway.”
The young apprentice and the grizzled
great master finished drinking their
tea in contemplative silence.
Sounds like an argument against the general concept of code coverage, as a metric for evaluating the usefulness of unit tests. I'm sure everyone agrees it isn't a perfect metric, but personal experience should hopefully show some correlation between CC % and unit test effectiveness...
– sanitySep 18 '08 at 4:34
Perfect answer. Metrics do not make good code. You can write crappy code with 100% coverage and it doesn't make the code work good. +1 from me, shame I can't up more :)
– Rob CooperDec 11 '08 at 10:14
13
4 years later, and still useful. Just pulled this on two of my colleagues this morning.
– SickHippieNov 5 '12 at 19:48
8
To me this anecdote represents an idealistic view. In the real world of project teams with competing priorities, code coverage races to 0%. We need a required number in order to build the unit testing habit within the team. I came to this question looking for some guidance on determining that number for an area I am not very familiar with, and this is really no help at all. I'm glad people in other scenarios are finding it useful though.
– samspotApr 25 '14 at 13:43
Code Coverage is a misleading metric if 100% coverage is your goal (instead of 100% testing of all features).
You could get a 100% by hitting all the lines once. However you could still miss out testing a particular sequence (logical path) in which those lines are hit.
You could not get a 100% but still have tested all your 80%/freq used code-paths. Having tests that test every 'throw ExceptionTypeX' or similar defensive programming guard you've put in is a 'nice to have' not a 'must have'
So trust yourself or your developers to be thorough and cover every path through their code. Be pragmatic and don't chase the magical 100% coverage. If you TDD your code you should get a 90%+ coverage as a bonus. Use code-coverage to highlight chunks of code you have missed (shouldn't happen if you TDD though.. since you write code only to make a test pass. No code can exist without its partner test. )
- Exceptions- if you don't test your exception handling how do you know your code doesn't blow up when that happens? - Setters/Getters - context sensitive I suppose, but surely your tests should execute them as part of the test suite, and if they don't are they actually being used?
– tddmonkeyJan 30 '09 at 12:17
1
Exceptions should be exceptional - not supposed to happen. If they do, you log the point of failure and bail. You can't test every exception that could happen. If the app is supposed to handle a non-happy path/event, you should have a test for it. Accessors may be added for future clients.. depends
– GishuJan 30 '09 at 13:40
5
I'm not sure what you mean by your second point "but still have tested all your code-paths". If you in fact mean full-path coverage, then no you cannot have full-path coverage without 100% line/branch/decision coverage. In fact, full-path coverage is usually unobtainable in any non-trivial program because of the combinatoric nature of branches in generating paths. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_coverage#Other_coverage_criteria
– Zach BurlingameApr 11 '11 at 23:40
3
You don't test every possible exception; of course you can't do that. You SHOULD aim to test every block of code that handles exceptions. For example, if you have a requirement that when block X throws an exception, the exception is logged in the database, the green stripe at the bottom of the screen turns red, and an email is sent to the Pope; then that is what you should test. But you don't have to test every possible exception that might trigger these events.
– Dawood ibn KareemApr 2 '12 at 23:12
2
+1 for "Use code-coverage to highlight chunks of code you have missed". That's basically what that metric is good for.
– beluchinAug 29 '12 at 18:26
Code coverage is great, but functionality coverage is even better. I don't believe in covering every single line I write. But I do believe in writing 100% test coverage of all the functionality I want to provide (even for the extra cool features I came with myself and which were not discussed during the meetings).
I don't care if I would have code which is not covered in tests, but I would care if I would refactor my code and end up having a different behaviour. Therefore, 100% functionality coverage is my only target.
This is a fantastic answer. Code that meets its requirements is a far more worthwhile goal than code that meets some arbitrary LoC coverage metric.
– Dawood ibn KareemApr 2 '12 at 23:23
30
If you can provide all functionality without hitting all the lines of code, then what are those extra lines of code doing there?
– Jens TimmermanDec 14 '12 at 14:34
4
@JensTimmerman theoretically you're right. However, 100% code coverage is too expensive time-wise, and forcing my team to do that not only demotivates them, but also makes my project run over the deadline. I like to be somewhere in the middle, and testing functionality (call it: integration testing) is what I feel comfortable with. What code I don't test? Technical exception handling, (range/parameter) checks that could be needed. In short, all technical plumbing that I learned to apply from own experience or best practices I read about.
– tofi9Dec 14 '12 at 20:34
I took this a step further by making a list of common situations that should be either included or excluded from testing. That way, we were never driving towards a percent, but rather functional coverage of all parts of the working codebase.
– SkeeterdrumsFeb 19 '18 at 17:34
The accepted answer makes a good point - there is not a single number that is going to make sense as a standard for every project. There are projects that just don't need such a standard. Where the accepted answer falls short, in my opinion, is in describing how one might make that decision for a given project.
I will take a shot at doing so. I am not an expert in test engineering and would be happy to see a more informed answer.
When to set code coverage requirements
First, why would you want to impose such a standard in the first place? In general, when you want to introduce empirical confidence in your process. What do I mean by "empirical confidence"? Well, the real goal correctness. For most software, we can't possibly know this across all inputs, so we settle for saying that code is well-tested. This is more knowable, but is still a subjective standard: It will always be open to debate whether or not you have met it. Those debates are useful and should occur, but they also expose uncertainty.
Code coverage is an objective measurement: Once you see your coverage report, there is no ambiguity about whether standards have been met are useful. Does it prove correctness? Not at all, but it has a clear relationship to how well-tested the code is, which in turn is our best way to increase confidence in its correctness. Code coverage is a measurable approximation of immeasurable qualities we care about.
Some specific cases where having an empirical standard could add value:
To satisfy stakeholders. For many projects, there are various actors who have an interest in software quality who may not be involved in the day-to-day development of the software (managers, technical leads, etc.) Saying "we're going to write all the tests we really need" is not convincing: They either need to trust entirely, or verify with ongoing close oversight (assuming they even have the technical understanding to do so.) Providing measurable standards and explaining how they reasonably approximate actual goals is better.
To normalize team behavior. Stakeholders aside, if you are working on a team where multiple people are writing code and tests, there is room for ambiguity for what qualifies as "well-tested." Do all of your colleagues have the same idea of what level of testing is good enough? Probably not. How do you reconcile this? Find a metric you can all agree on and accept it as a reasonable approximation. This is especially (but not exclusively) useful in large teams, where leads may not have direct oversight over junior developers, for instance. Networks of trust matter as well, but without objective measurements, it is easy for group behavior to become inconsistent, even if everyone is acting in good faith.
To keep yourself honest. Even if you're the only developer and only stakeholder for your project, you might have certain qualities in mind for the software. Instead of making ongoing subjective assessments about how well-tested the software is (which takes work), you can use code coverage as a reasonable approximation, and let machines measure it for you.
Which metrics to use
Code coverage is not a single metric; there are several different ways of measuring coverage. Which one you might set a standard upon depends on what you're using that standard to satisfy.
I'll use two common metrics as examples of when you might use them to set standards:
Statement coverage: What percentage of statements have been executed during testing? Useful to get a sense of the physical coverage of your code: How much of the code that I have written have I actually tested?
This kind of coverage supports a weaker correctness argument, but is also easier to achieve. If you're just using code coverage to ensure that things get tested (and not as an indicator of test quality beyond that) then statement coverage is probably sufficient.
Branch coverage: When there is branching logic (e.g. an if), have both branches been evaluated? This gives a better sense of the logical coverage of your code: How many of the possible paths my code may take have I tested?
This kind of coverage is a much better indicator that a program has been tested across a comprehensive set of inputs. If you're using code coverage as your best empirical approximation for confidence in correctness, you should set standards based on branch coverage or similar.
There are many other metrics (line coverage is similar to statement coverage, but yields different numeric results for multi-line statements, for instance; conditional coverage and path coverage is similar to branch coverage, but reflect a more detailed view of the possible permutations of program execution you might encounter.)
What percentage to require
Finally, back to the original question: If you set code coverage standards, what should that number be?
Hopefully it's clear at this point that we're talking about an approximation to begin with, so any number we pick is going to be inherently approximate.
Some numbers that one might choose:
100%. You might choose this because you want to be sure everything is tested. This doesn't give you any insight into test quality, but does tell you that some test of some quality has touched every statement (or branch, etc.) Again, this comes back to degree of confidence: If your coverage is below 100%, you know some subset of your code is untested.
Some might argue that this is silly, and you should only test the parts of your code that are really important. I would argue that you should also only maintain the parts of your code that are really important. Code coverage can be improved by removing untested code, too.
99% (or 95%, other numbers in the high nineties.) Appropriate in cases where you want to convey a level of confidence similar to 100%, but leave yourself some margin to not worry about the occasional hard-to-test corner of code.
80%. I've seen this number in use a few times, and don't entirely know where it originates. I think it might be a weird misappropriation of the 80-20 rule; generally, the intent here is to show that most of your code is tested. (Yes, 51% would also be "most", but 80% is more reflective of what most people mean by most.) This is appropriate for middle-ground cases where "well-tested" is not a high priority (you don't want to waste effort on low-value tests), but is enough of a priority that you'd still like to have some standard in place.
I haven't seen numbers below 80% in practice, and have a hard time imagining a case where one would set them. The role of these standards is to increase confidence in correctness, and numbers below 80% aren't particularly confidence-inspiring. (Yes, this is subjective, but again, the idea is to make the subjective choice once when you set the standard, and then use an objective measurement going forward.)
Other notes
The above assumes that correctness is the goal. Code coverage is just information; it may be relevant to other goals. For instance, if you're concerned about maintainability, you probably care about loose coupling, which can be demonstrated by testability, which in turn can be measured (in certain fashions) by code coverage. So your code coverage standard provides an empirical basis for approximating the quality of "maintainability" as well.
Good answer. Can you help me in finding functionality coverage via unit tests? Any tool(s) that can help me achieve this?
– curlyreggieMar 8 '16 at 14:16
1
Great answer. It's the only one that focuses on testing as a team problem in an industrial setting. I don't get to review everything and my team is very bright, but green. I set a percentage floor of 90% on a new project as a sanity check for junior devs, not because I believe it is "enough". "90%" and "positive, negative, and null" are easy mantras for bright, young developers who I know will do a good job, but don't have the experience to go ahead and write that extra test case that's nagging at the back of your mind.
– 0x1masonNov 14 '17 at 7:16
1
i think this is the best answer available.
– bugkillerJul 9 '18 at 6:38
My favorite code coverage is 100% with an asterisk. The asterisk comes because I prefer to use tools that allow me to mark certain lines as lines that "don't count". If I have covered 100% of the lines which "count", I am done.
The underlying process is:
I write my tests to exercise all the functionality and edge cases I can think of (usually working from the documentation).
I run the code coverage tools
I examine any lines or paths not covered and any that I consider not important or unreachable (due to defensive programming) I mark as not counting
I write new tests to cover the missing lines and improve the documentation if those edge cases are not mentioned.
This way if I and my collaborators add new code or change the tests in the future, there is a bright line to tell us if we missed something important - the coverage dropped below 100%. However, it also provides the flexibility to deal with different testing priorities.
@ErikE Asterix is, of course, a short but fearless warrior from Gaul who creates exceptions to the monotonous Roman occupation and thus the little typographical symbol flagging exceptions was named after him. (More seriously, thanks, I've fixed the misspelling.)
– EponymousApr 13 '16 at 20:09
3
Would you care to include the "tools that allow [you] to mark certain lines as lines that don't count"?
– domdambrogiaAug 16 '17 at 0:13
2
@domdambrogia As an example in PHP, if using Bergmann's code coverage library, annotate a line with // @codeCoverageIgnore and it'll be excluded from coverage.
– bishopOct 4 '18 at 16:25
If this were a perfect world, 100% of code would be covered by unit tests. However, since this is NOT a perfect world, it's a matter of what you have time for. As a result, I recommend focusing less on a specific percentage, and focusing more on the critical areas. If your code is well-written (or at least a reasonable facsimile thereof) there should be several key points where APIs are exposed to other code.
Focus your testing efforts on these APIs. Make sure that the APIs are 1) well documented and 2) have test cases written that match the documentation. If the expected results don't match up with the docs, then you have a bug in either your code, documentation, or test cases. All of which are good to vet out.
For a well designed system, where unit tests have driven the development from the start i would say 85% is a quite low number. Small classes designed to be testable should not be hard to cover better than that.
It's easy to dismiss this question with something like:
Covered lines do not equal tested logic and one should not read too much into the percentage.
True, but there are some important points to be made about code coverage. In my experience this metric is actually quite useful, when used correctly. Having said that, I have not seen all systems and i'm sure there are tons of them where it's hard to see code coverage analysis adding any real value. Code can look so different and the scope of the available test framework can vary.
Also, my reasoning mainly concerns quite short test feedback loops. For the product that I'm developing the shortest feedback loop is quite flexible, covering everything from class tests to inter process signalling. Testing a deliverable sub-product typically takes 5 minutes and for such a short feedback loop it is indeed possible to use the test results (and specifically the code coverage metric that we are looking at here) to reject or accept commits in the repository.
When using the code coverage metric you should not just have a fixed (arbitrary) percentage which must be fulfilled. Doing this does not give you the real benefits of code coverage analysis in my opinion. Instead, define the following metrics:
Low Water Mark (LWM), the lowest number of uncovered lines ever seen in the system under test
High Water Mark (HWM), the highest code coverage percentage ever seen for the system under test
New code can only be added if we don't go above the LWM and we don't go below the HWM. In other words, code coverage is not allowed to decrease, and new code should be covered. Notice how i say should and not must (explained below).
But doesn't this mean that it will be impossible to clean away old well-tested rubbish that you have no use for anymore? Yes, and that's why you have to be pragmatic about these things. There are situations when the rules have to be broken, but for your typical day-to-day integration my experience it that these metrics are quite useful. They give the following two implications.
Testable code is promoted.
When adding new code you really have to make an effort to make the code testable, because you will have to try and cover all of it with your test cases. Testable code is usually a good thing.
Test coverage for legacy code is increasing over time.
When adding new code and not being able to cover it with a test case, one can try to cover some legacy code instead to get around the LWM rule. This sometimes necessary cheating at least gives the positive side effect that the coverage of legacy code will increase over time, making the seemingly strict enforcement of these rules quite pragmatic in practice.
And again, if the feedback loop is too long it might be completely unpractical to setup something like this in the integration process.
I would also like to mention two more general benefits of the code coverage metric.
Code coverage analysis is part of the dynamic code analysis (as opposed to the static one, i.e. Lint). Problems found during the dynamic code analysis (by tools such as the purify family, http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/rational-purify-family) are things like uninitialized memory reads (UMR), memory leaks, etc. These problems can only be found if the code is covered by an executed test case. The code that is the hardest to cover in a test case is usually the abnormal cases in the system, but if you want the system to fail gracefully (i.e. error trace instead of crash) you might want to put some effort into covering the abnormal cases in the dynamic code analysis as well. With just a little bit of bad luck, a UMR can lead to a segfault or worse.
People take pride in keeping 100% for new code, and people discuss testing problems with a similar passion as other implementation problems. How can this function be written in a more testable manner? How would you go about trying to cover this abnormal case, etc.
And a negative, for completeness.
In a large project with many involved developers, everyone is not going to be a test-genius for sure. Some people tend to use the code coverage metric as proof that the code is tested and this is very far from the truth, as mentioned in many of the other answers to this question. It is ONE metric that can give you some nice benefits if used properly, but if it is misused it can in fact lead to bad testing. Aside from the very valuable side effects mentioned above a covered line only shows that the system under test can reach that line for some input data and that it can execute without hanging or crashing.
I start usually with 1) major runtime code paths 2) obvious exception cases that I explicitly throw 3) conditional cases that terminate with "failure" This gets you usually into the 70-80 range Then wackamole, bugs and regressions for corner cases, parameter fuzzing etc. Refactoring to enable injection of methods etc. I generally allow at least as much time for writing/refactoring dev-related tests as the main code itself.
– stephbuOct 18 '13 at 13:26
Many shops don't value tests, so if you are above zero at least there is some appreciation of worth - so arguably non-zero isn't bad as many are still zero.
In the .Net world people often quote 80% as reasonble. But they say this at solution level. I prefer to measure at project level: 30% might be fine for UI project if you've got Selenium, etc or manual tests, 20% for the data layer project might be fine, but 95%+ might be quite achievable for the business rules layer, if not wholly necessary. So the overall coverage may be, say, 60%, but the critical business logic may be much higher.
I've also heard this: aspire to 100% and you'll hit 80%; but aspire to 80% and you'll hit 40%.
I use cobertura, and whatever the percentage, I would recommend keeping the values in the cobertura-check task up-to-date. At the minimum, keep raising totallinerate and totalbranchrate to just below your current coverage, but never lower those values. Also tie in the Ant build failure property to this task. If the build fails because of lack of coverage, you know someone's added code but hasn't tested it. Example:
I disagree completely. A unit test is only worth something if there's a chance that it will uncover a bug, (either a bug that exists now or a regression bug in the future); or if it helps to document the behaviour of your class. If a method is so simple that it can't really fail, such as a one-line getter, then there is zero value in providing a unit test for it.
– Dawood ibn KareemApr 2 '12 at 23:20
6
I had bugs in one line getters. From my experience, there's no bug free code. There's no method that can't really fail.
– bricknerApr 19 '12 at 22:36
1
Assuming your one-line getter is used by other code that you do cover, and the tests of that code pass, then you've also indirectly covered the one-line getter. If your aren't using the getter, what's it doing in your code? I agree with David Wallace… there is no need to directly test simple helper functions that are used elsewhere if the code and tests which depend on the helper don't show there might be a problem with it.
– Lowell MontgomeryJun 18 '13 at 21:00
@LowellMontgomery and what if the test for your other code fails because of that one-line getter (that was not tested)? If there was a test in place for the one-liner, it would be much easier to get to the cause of the fail. It gets really bad when you have hundreds of not tested one-liners being used in several different places.
– DanielSep 9 '16 at 14:46
The assumption was the tests using the one-line getter passed. If it failed (e.g. where you try to use the return value of your one-line getter), then you can sort it out. But unless there is a really pressing reason for being so paranoid, you have to draw the line somewhere. My experience has been that I need to prioritize what sucks my time and attention and really simple "getters" (that work) don't need separate tests. That time can be spent on making other tests better or more full coverage of code that is more likely to fail. (i.e. I stand by my original position, with David Wallace).
– Lowell MontgomeryOct 1 '16 at 17:15
If you've been doing unit testing for a decent amount of time, I see no reason for it not to be approaching 95%+. However, at a minimum, I've always worked with 80%, even when new to testing.
This number should only include code written in the project (excludes frameworks, plugins, etc.) and maybe even exclude certain classes composed entirely of code written of calls to outside code. This sort of call should be mocked/stubbed.
Generally speaking, from the several engineering excellence best practices papers that I have read, 80% for new code in unit tests is the point that yields the best return. Going above that CC% yields a lower amount of defects for the amount of effort exerted. This is a best practice that is used by many major corporations.
Unfortunately, most of these results are internal to companies, so there are no public literatures that I can point you to.
Code coverage is great but only as long as the benefits that you get from it outweigh the cost/effort of achieving it.
We have been working to a standard of 80% for some time, however we have just made the decison to abandon this and instead be more focused on our testing. Concentrating on the complex business logic etc,
This decision was taken due to the increasing amount of time we spent chasing code coverage and maintaining existing unit tests. We felt we had got to the point where the benefit we were getting from our code coverage was deemed to be less than the effort that we had to put in to achieve it.
Check out Crap4j. It's a slightly more sophisticated approach than straight code coverage. It combines code coverage measurements with complexity measurements, and then shows you what complex code isn't currently tested.
My answer to this conundrum is to have 100% line coverage of the code you can test and 0% line coverage of the code you can't test.
My current practice in Python is to divide my .py modules into two folders: app1/ and app2/ and when running unit tests calculate the coverage of those two folders and visually check (I must automate this someday) that app1 has 100% coverage and app2 has 0% coverage.
When/if I find that these numbers differ from standard I investigage and alter the design of the code so that coverage conforms to the standard.
This does mean that I can recommend achieving 100% line coverage of library code.
I also occasionally review app2/ to see if I could possible test any code there, and If I can I move it into app1/
Now I'm not too worried about the aggregate coverage because that can vary wildly depending on the size of the project, but generally I've seen 70% to over 90%.
With python, I should be able to devise a smoke test which could automatically run my app while measuring coverage and hopefully gain an aggreagate of 100% when combining the smoke test with unittest figures.
Viewing coverage from another perspective: Well-written code with a clear flow of control is the easiest to cover, the easiest to read, and usually the least buggy code. By writing code with clearness and coverability in mind, and by writing the unit tests in parallel with the code, you get the best results IMHO.
In my opinion, the answer is "It depends on how much time you have". I try to achieve 100% but I don't make a fuss if I don't get it with the time I have.
When I write unit tests, I wear a different hat compared to the hat I wear when developing production code. I think about what the tested code claims to do and what are the situations that can possible break it.
I usually follow the following criteria or rules:
That the Unit Test should be a form of documentation on what's the expected behavior of my codes, ie. the expected output given a certain input and the exceptions it may throw that clients may want to catch (What the users of my code should know?)
That the Unit Test should help me discover the what if conditions that I may not yet have thought of. (How to make my code stable and robust?)
If these two rules doesn't produce 100% coverage then so be it. But once, I have the time, I analyze the uncovered blocks and lines and determine if there are still test cases without unit tests or if the code needs to be refactored to eliminate the unecessary codes.
I prefer to do BDD, which uses a combination of automated acceptance tests, possibly other integration tests, and unit tests. The question for me is what the target coverage of the automated test suite as a whole should be.
That aside, the answer depends on your methodology, language and testing and coverage tools. When doing TDD in Ruby or Python it's not hard to maintain 100% coverage, and it's well worth doing so. It's much easier to manage 100% coverage than 90-something percent coverage. That is, it's much easier to fill coverage gaps as they appear (and when doing TDD well coverage gaps are rare and usually worth your time) than it is to manage a list of coverage gaps that you haven't gotten around to and miss coverage regressions due to your constant background of uncovered code.
The answer also depends on the history of your project. I've only found the above to be practical in projects managed that way from the start. I've greatly improved the coverage of large legacy projects, and it's been worth doing so, but I've never found it practical to go back and fill every coverage gap, because old untested code is not well understood enough to do so correctly and quickly.
Long answer:
I think it totally depends on the nature of your project. I typically start a project by unit testing every practical piece. By the first "release" of the project you should have a pretty good base percentage based on the type of programming you are doing. At that point you can start "enforcing" a minimum code coverage.
This has to be dependent on what phase of your application development lifecycle you are in.
If you've been at development for a while and have a lot of implemented code already and are just now realizing that you need to think about code coverage then you have to check your current coverage (if it exists) and then use that baseline to set milestones each sprint (or an average rise over a period of sprints), which means taking on code debt while continuing to deliver end user value (at least in my experience the end user doesn't care one bit if you've increased test coverage if they don't see new features).
Depending on your domain it's not unreasonable to shoot for 95%, but I'd have to say on average your going to be looking at an average case of 85% to 90%.
I think that what may matter most is knowing what the coverage trend is over time and understanding the reasons for changes in the trend. Whether you view the changes in the trend as good or bad will depend upon your analysis of the reason.
From the Testivus posting I think the answer context should be the second programmer.
Having said this from a practical point of view we need parameter / goals to strive for.
I consider that this can be "tested" in an Agile process by analyzing the code we have the architecture, functionality (user stories), and then come up with a number. Based on my experience in the Telecom area I would say that 60% is a good value to check. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Failure to thrive (FTT), a common clinical condition warrants hospitalization to ensure adequate nutrition and thorough investigation of etiology. FTT is defined as weight less than 0.4-5th percentile, weight less than 80% normal weight for age, or weight decline across more than 2 major percentiles \[[@CR1]\]. The causes include poor nutrition, inadequate absorption, and increased energy expenditure. Careful attention to history and comprehensive physical exam can yield clues to etiology.
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary hyperkinetic movements involving sustained or intermittent contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles that frequently lead to abnormal posturing or movements \[[@CR2]\]. Dystonia is classified based on clinical characteristics (age of onset, regional distribution, temporal pattern, coexistence of other movement disorders, and other neurological manifestations) and etiology (genetic, acquired, or idiopathic) \[[@CR3]\]. Orolingual dystonia can cause eating dysfunction leading to weight loss \[[@CR4]\].
Lysine Methyltransferase-2B (*KMT2B)* dystonia is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder \[[@CR5], [@CR6]\]. The *KMT2B* gene encodes a lysine methyltransferase involved in H3K4 methylation, an epigenetic modifier active in development \[[@CR7]\]. This condition is characterized by childhood lower-limb onset dystonia that progressively generalizes with prominent cranial, cervical, and laryngeal involvement \[[@CR5], [@CR6]\]. Though dysphagia has been described, reports have focused on neurologic rather than gastrointestinal symptomatology and presentation. We report the first case series where failure to thrive was the presenting feature prompting diagnosis. Our report identifies a novel *KMT2B* pathogenic variant, c.4960 T \> C (p.Cys1654Arg), and expands both the spectrum of phenotypic presentation for *KMT2B* mutation and genetic causes for FTT.
Case presentation {#Sec2}
=================
A 15-year-old girl (III-1) was admitted to the hospital for FTT: 36 kg(0.18%ile), 151 cm (4%ile). She had not seen a physician for 2 years due to socioeconomic issues. History revealed mild cognitive impairment, gait abnormality (left foot inversion) onset age 3, speech dysfluency onset age 9, and slowness with eating onset age 13 with dysphagia to solids and liquids onset age 14. Previous evaluation for gait abnormality resulted in unsuccessful trials of muscle relaxants and orthotics. Family history was initially negative for neurologic conditions. On exam, there was severe speech dysfluency, limited ability to protrude the tongue, and generalized dystonia involving the oromandibular region, the right upper and the left lower extremity with left foot inversion contracture (Additional files 1, 2, 3).
**Additional file 1.** Patient (III-1) demonstrates orolingual dysphonia and dystonia. In the last segment, she is asked to protrude her tongue but cannot.
**Additional file 2.** Patient (III-1) demonstrates upper extremity dystonia of right arm and lower extremity of left leg while sitting.
**Additional file 3.** Patient (III-1) demonstrates left lower limb dystonia while ambulating.
Initially, neglect was considered a possible etiology given the delay in seeking medical evaluation. However, abnormal neurologic exam prompted further testing. Labs were normal except for mild thrombocytopenia likely due to malnutrition (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral hypointensity in globi pallidi on susceptibility-weighted imaging supporting an organic etiology (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Radiofilm revealed left foot 5th metatarsal fracture. Muscle biopsy showed myopathic fiber size variation and mild vasculopathic changes. Video-swallow fluoroscopy showed dysphagia to liquids and solids. Gastrostomy tube was placed with significant weight gain but persistence of weight below the second percentile despite appropriate caloric intake. Levodopa/carbidopa and trihexyphenidyl were not beneficial. Trio whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a novel likely pathogenic heterozygous c.4960 T \> C (p.Cys1654Arg) variant in the proband and mother in the *KMT2B* gene (Transcript ID: NM_014727.2*)*. This variant is not present in the gnomAD database. The c.4960 T \> C (p.Cys1654Arg) variant was predicted by multiple in silico tools to have a deleterious effect on protein function. No other diagnostic variants were identified. Table 1Laboratory Values during hospital admissionLABORATORY TESTVALUEREFERENCE RANGEHemoglobin (g/dL)14.512.5--15Hematocrit (% of g/dL)42.235--45Platelets (K/uL)135140--440Sodium (mmol/L)141133--143Potassium (mmol/L)4.13.4--4.7Chloride (mmol/L)10598--106BUN (mg/dL)98--21Creatinine (mg/dL)0.650.6--1.2Calcium (mg/dL)9.58.5--10.4AST (U/L)2615--30ALT (U/L)205--30Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)9970--280Glucose (mg/dL)9370--106Albumin (g/dL)4.73.5--5.1Vitamin D 25 OH (ng/mL)17\> 30TSH (uIU/mL)0.370.35--5Free T4 (ng/dL)0.750.71--1.85CK (U/L)4420--128Folate (ng/mL)11.7\> 8Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)480260--935Copper (mcg/dL)8775--187Ceruloplasmin (mg/dL)2121--46*AST* aspartate transaminase, *ALT* alanine aminotransferase; *Vitamin D 25 OH* calcifediol, *TSH* thyroid stimulating hormone, *CK* creatinine kinaseFig. 1Proband (III-1) MRI brain susceptibility weighted imaging demonstrates moderate symmetric hypointensity in the bilateral globi pallidi
After identification of the *KMT2B* variant in the proband and mother, additional history was obtained. A three-generation pedigree was constructed (Fig. [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Cascade testing of maternal cousins (III-6 and III-7) revealed that they carried the same *KMT2B* c.4960 T \> C (p.Cys1654Arg) variant. The father (II-4) of maternal cousins (III-6 and III-7) is an obligate carrier. Fig. 2Family Pedigree; Core features of *KMT2B* related dystonia are highlighted. + wild type; − *KMT2B* c.4960 T \> C (p.Cys1654Arg) variant carrier; \* full term stillbirth. Individuals II-2; III-1, III-2; III-6; III-7 were directly examined. Features reported in other individuals are by report of relatives
Mother, age 34(II-2), relayed history of painful right arm posturing, worsening handwriting, intermittent numbness, and gait disturbance onset age 29. She denied speech changes or dysphagia. She recalled history of encephalitis at age three. She was in special education classes and was unable to complete high school. She had anxiety onset age 19. Examination revealed normal speech, right \> left hand dystonia, right foot eversion while ambulating, 4/5 weakness in finger extensors and finger intrinsic muscles on the right, and 2 beats of clonus in the right ankle (Additional files 4, 5, 6). MRI brain showed T2 hyperintensity without enhancement in the deep and subcortical white matter of the left frontal lobe suggesting remote infarct in the left middle cerebral territory (Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Fig. 3Mother (II-2) MRI brain showing T2 hyperintensity without enhancement in the deep and subcortical white matter of the left frontal lobe suggesting remote infarct in the left middle cerebral territory
**Additional file 4.** Patient's mother (II-2) has normal speech without dysarthria.
**Additional file 5.** Patient's mother (II-2) displays right \> \> left hand dystonia.
**Additional file 6.** Patient's mother (II-2) displays mild bilateral arm dystonia and right foot eversion while ambulating.
Maternal male cousin, age 4(III-7), had delayed milestones, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and behavioral concerns. There was history of frequent choking; however, video-fluroscopy was normal. Height was consistently less than the 10th percentile and weight less than the 3rd percentile. Examination revealed hypernasal speech and preferential toe walking, although he was able to walk heel toe when prompted.
Maternal female cousin, age 6(III-6), initially presented for evaluation of hypernasal speech. A submucous cleft palate was identified and she underwent a Furlow palatoplasty without improvement. She had difficulties swallowing as an infant, requiring feed thickener. Dysphagia resolved over time. Growth was consistently below the 10th percentile for height and weight. Early toe walking improved with therapy. She has learning delays and receives therapies and support in school. Vision abnormalities include left-sided strabismic amblyopia, hyperopia, accommodative esotropia, and astigmatism. Neurological evaluation revealed hypernasal, but fluent speech, normal resting tone with normal deep tendon reflexes, and gait with external rotation of the left leg with weight distribution on the lateral aspect of the foot, suggesting mild dystonia.
Signs and symptoms in maternal grandfather and maternal uncles are reported by other relatives; none have been examined by a neurologist. Maternal grandfather I-1 had mild short stature and was aesthenic. Maternal uncle, age 41(II-3), recently lost use of his left arm; he has not had testing for the familial variant. Maternal uncle, age 40(II-4), an obligate carrier of the variant, is intellectually impaired and has short stature. He reported tingling and numbness in the neck that progressed to painful paresthesias in all four limbs onset age 20.
Methods {#Sec3}
=======
Sequencing {#Sec4}
----------
WGS was performed as previously described \[[@CR8], [@CR9]\]. Variants were prioritized by allele frequency, conservation, and predicted effect on protein function and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Phenotypic terms included the following: dysarthria, gait disturbance, failure to thrive, and dysphagia. Given MRI findings, the sequence was re-queried to specifically exclude other variants in genes associated with brain iron accumulation. Subsequent family studies were performed by targeted Sanger sequencing.
Literature review {#Sec5}
-----------------
We reviewed 80 cases obtained by PubMed Search using term KMT2B as well as cases in the reference list for these manuscripts or otherwise known to the author, that were not identified by PubMed search. ([Additional Table](#MOESM7){ref-type="media"}).
Discussion and conclusions {#Sec6}
==========================
Our report describes the phenotype in a family with a previously undescribed *KMT2B* variant and highlights failure to thrive, an overlooked manifestation. Thus far, 80 additional patients have been described ([Additional Table](#MOESM7){ref-type="media"}) \[[@CR5], [@CR6], [@CR10]--[@CR28]\]. A recent report identified *KMT2B* mutations in 21.5% of patients with previously undiagnosed childhood-onset dystonia suggesting *KMT2B* mutations may be a relatively common cause of dystonia in children \[[@CR26]\]. The natural course of *KMT2B* dystonia involves focal onset lower limb dystonia with progression to generalization. Of reported cases, 23 noted dysphagia, 6 required gastrostomy tube but failure to thrive was rarely mentioned ([Additional Table](#MOESM7){ref-type="media"}) \[[@CR5], [@CR6], [@CR10]--[@CR28]\]. In our series, the proband and two cousins had dysphagia. Poor weight gain despite normal swallowing study in one cousin and refractory weight gain after gastrostomy tube placement in the proband, suggest factors other than mechanical impairments to swallowing may underlie FTT in this condition.
Progressive dystonia with prominent oromandibular involvement, mild cognitive dysfunction and imaging findings in the proband are consistent with features previously described in *KMT2B* mutation carriers \[[@CR6]\]. Other previously described neurologic features noted in the proband include dysfluency, bulbar dysfunction, dysphagia, intellectual disability, and developmental delay \[[@CR5], [@CR6]\].^,^ Additional reported features not present include eye movement abnormalities, skin changes, psychiatric co-morbidities (anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder), myoclonus, seizures, spasticity, sensorineural hearing loss, microcephaly, and parkinsonism \[[@CR5], [@CR6], [@CR10]--[@CR28]\].
Interestingly, the proband's mother did not manifest poor weight gain and reported no motor symptoms until age 29. Similarly, maternal uncles report only adult-onset neurologic symptoms. Reduced penetrance, variable expressivity, and adult onset up to 43 years of age have been reported \[[@CR14], [@CR26]\]. As neither maternal grandfather, nor either maternal uncle was examined, we cannot confirm whether dystonia is present. Similarly, it is unclear if mother's signs and symptoms are due to genetic dystonia, unrecognized cerebrovascular accident, or a combination of both given imaging evidence for remote infarct. Vascular insults have not been reported in *KMT2B* mutation carriers though most reported cases are children without long-term follow-up. Further study will be necessary to determine whether *KMT2B* mutation is a risk factor for stroke.
Since molecular diagnosis, the proband has trialed levodopa/carbidopa and trihexyphenidyl without benefit. Deep brain stimulation of globus pallidus (DBS) is reported to improve dystonia in select patients, suggesting another possible avenue for efficacious treatment for affected members of this family \[[@CR5], [@CR6], [@CR26]\].
Our case series underscores the importance of careful history and thorough examination when determining etiologies for failure to thrive. In the presence of an abnormal neurologic exam or history of developmental delays, clinicians should strongly consider genetic testing. Unbiased genetic testing in this setting, including whole exome and genome sequencing, has enabled identification of rare disorders, especially those presenting with non-typical phenotypes. This case series highlights the non-neurologic aspects of *KMT2B* mutation and demonstrates the advantages of molecular genetic testing for defining the precise and potentially treatable etiologies of FTT. It also reinforces the importance of cascade screening of family members to bring clarity of unrecognized diagnoses more broadly beyond the presenting family member.
Supplementary information
=========================
{#Sec7}
**Additional file 7:** Phenotype and Genotype of Previously Reported *KMT2B* Mutation Carriers and Patients Described in This Report. F-Female; M-Male.
*KMT2B*
: Lysine Methyltransferase-2B
FTT
: Failure to thrive
MRI
: Magnetic resonance imaging
WGS
: Whole genome sequencing
**Publisher's Note**
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
=========================
**Supplementary information** accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12883-020-01798-x.
We thank the following for support of this project:
Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA.
Shareef Nahas, PhD
David Dimmock, MD
Stephen Kingsmore, MD
Study Concept and Design: JF, AN; Acquisition and Analysis of Data: AN, SG, LS, TW, CS, SA, RG, SC, JF (AN, SG, LS, CS, SA, RG provided clinical information and video); TW, SC analyzed genomic data); AN, SG and JF drafted and edited the initial manuscript. All authors reviewed, and critiqued manuscript drafts and approved the final manuscript.
No funding was received for this study. Dr. Friedman's spouse is Founder and Principal of Friedman Bioventure, which holds a variety of publicly traded and private biotechnology interests. In addition, he is chief operating officer of DTX Pharma which is a company developing RNA therapeutics. Other authors declare no financial disclosures.
*KMT2B* variant data has been deposited in ClinVar with accession codes (<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/692033/> Variation ID:692033). Additional data generated or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
This study was conducted in compliance with all relevant ethical regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Approval for human subjects research was obtained from University of California San Diego Institutional Review Board and Rady Children's Hospital Compliance.
Consent for publication of this report and accompanying videotapes was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Central |
How to Achieve Flow – The Secret Sauce of Productivity
Most of us will be able to remember at least a couple of occasions when we were so absorbed in what we were doing that hours passed, and when we finally looked up from our keyboards (or books or musical instruments or whatever), we realised that it’s dark outside and we forgot to eat dinner.
If you’ve experienced this phenomenon before, you’ve already experienced Flow – a special state of consciousness when we are so deeply involved in what we are doing that we are basically un-distractible. (Not the same as indestructible, but almost!)
What exactly is Flow
The term, “Flow” was coined by psychologist and author, Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, in his book, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. In the book he discusses how musicians, artists and athletes can achieve a state of absolute concentration during their activities and completely block out the outside world while achieving top performances. You may know this state better as being “in the zone.”
I’ve experienced Flow during a number of different activities: in my former life as a coder, while drawing, reading, and writing fiction. Most avid gamers are well acquainted with Flow. You can achieve Flow doing pretty much anything that has the potential to absorb your mind fully.
A Flow-like state generally has the following characteristics:
Complete concentration and focus
Imperception to distractions and time
Complete absorption and enagement
An increase in ability, productivity and creativity
Flow is an almost–meditative state where you can achieve things that would not normally be possible, or substantially difficult.
The advantages of flow
Olympic medal winners, when interviewed after the event, will often talk about their achievement as if it was an out-of-body experience, and they were viewing it as a spectator. This is a demonstration of flow in action and how it can help us to achieve almost super-human feats. On more of an everyday level, spending time in Flow is a great way to get stuff done. If we can achieve that perfect focused state, we can work for stretches of several hours at a time and not be tempted by distractions or procrastination.
Achieving Flow can not only make you incredibly productive, but it can also reduce stress and increase your feeling of happiness. Many hobbies such as knitting, reading, and running encourage a natural progression into a flow-like state, which is part of their appeal.
How to achieve Flow
Achieving Flow is not always possible, and certainly not if you don’t enjoy the task you’re doing. Doing something that is fun for you is one of the easiest ways to trigger a Flow-like state. If you’re not entertained by what you’re doing in some way, it will be incredibly difficult to become completely absorbed in it, as your mind will always tend to wander towards something more enjoyable.
While once you’re in a state of Flow, you may find that you are unbothered by distractions. While you’re getting there, it is helpful to be somewhere peaceful and quiet. You might find music or some kind of ambient background noise will help you to get into a focused state.
The type of task you do is also important. Ideally you want something that is challenging enough to keep your brain busy, but not so challenging that you get frustrated and want to give up. Tasks that are just within the realm of your ability are ideal for invoking flow (and one of the reasons that computer games can be so absorbing).
You probably won’t be able to achieve Flow every day or every time you want to at first, but the more you practice, the easier it becomes. Enjoy losing yourself in your work or hobby and focus on the process of doing, not just the end result.
What is your experience with Flow? Do you have any tips for achieving it? | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Paul Hopkins (pilot)
Paul Anthony Hopkins (22 March 1951 - 31 August 2014) was a British aviator, and the former Chief Test Pilot of British Aerospace in the 1990s.
Career
He joined the RAF in 1969 and flew the Harrier throughout the 1970s. He left the RAF in 1985. In 1996 he tested the BAE Systems and SAAB joint venture Saab JAS 39 Gripen.
British Aerospace
He became Chief Test Pilot of British Aerospace in 1997. He stopped flying in 2005.
He was the first to go at twice the speed of sound with the Eurofighter 2000 (DA2 or ZH588) in February 1998. The Eurofighter 2000 was a £40bn project. He was the first to refuel the aircraft, with a VC-10 tanker aircraft over the Irish Sea. At the time, Britain intended to buy 232 Eurofighter aircraft, and for the aircraft to enter service in 2002.
He was Project Pilot from 1985-88 for the British Aerospace Hawk 200. He was the first to fly the Hawk Mk66 on 7 April 1989. He was the first to fly the Hawk 128, a BAE Systems Hawk with much-improved open architecture avionics and mission computers on Wednesday 27 July 2005 in Lancashire; the aircraft has a Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour Mk951 engine.
He became Project Director of the Advanced Jet Trainer (Hawk T2).
Personal life
He died on 31 August 2014. He died of Motor Neuron Disease. He lived in Lytham St Annes. He married Linda Finneron in July 1994 in Lancashire.
See also
Timeline of the Eurofighter Typhoon
Craig Penrice, Eurofighter project pilot from 2002-03, and the first to fire an air-to-missile (AIM-120 AMRAAM) from a Eurofighter (DA4 or ZH590) at the Deep Sea Range
John Turner (pilot), Eurofighter project pilot from 1992-2000
References
Category:1951 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:British test pilots
Category:Deaths from motor neuron disease
Category:People from Lytham St Annes
Category:Royal Air Force officers | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Wikipedia (en) |
In what is being called a “Christmas for nerds” (by me, no one else is calling it that), tonight’s supermoon will be accompanied by your other favourite periodic astronomical phenomenon: the Geminid Meteor Shower.
As we all know, the supermoon occurs when the moon is at its perigee (the closest point of its orbit to the Earth). We had an absolutely banging one last month that might have been largely obscured by clouds here but looked fucking phenomenal from the rest of the planet.
As you might not know, the Geminid Meteor Shower is a meteor shower (duh) that occurs once a year as the Earth just casually cruises through a big ol’ debris field and collect a bunch of space junk that comes fanging through the atmosphere (sorry for all this technical talk) – and it’s going to be peaking this very night.
NASA describes the shower as “typically one of the best and most reliable of the annual meteor showers,” and, at its peak, it will see about 120 meteors an hour shooting through the sky.
Unfortunately, the increased brightness of the supermoon means that it’ll be harder to see the shower than under normal circumstances, cutting visibility down to about tenth – about a meteor a minute, which is not to be sniffed at if you’ve got a comfy chair, a six pack (of beers, obviously, astronomy isn’t for muscular people) and some time to spare.
The full moon technically occurs around 10am tomorrow morning but prime viewing conditions will be tonight. There’s never been a better time to figure out how to climb up onto the roof of your place (please don’t sue us if you do this and fall off).
If it’s Tuesday night and you’re reading this, I would highly recommend going outside right now. Immediately.
Source: Brisbane Times.
Photo: Getty Images / Dan Kitwood. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
We cannot believe some of the hateful and negative things people say about celebrities on social media. One such case of social media bullying has seen revered media personality Grace Msalame get subjected to appalling abuse and body shaming on Instagram.
From what we can gather, Grace Msalame had blocked one of her female followers on the popular photo-sharing platform for reasons that are now apparent to everyone.
However, the said follower opened another account and wasted no time in following and messaging Grace Msalame.
In one message, the follower compared the mother of two to Evaline Momanyi, the wife of Grace Msalame’s ex-husband Paul Ndichu.
According to the follower, Momanyi’s new appointment as a Board Member to the Africa Advisory Board of Save the Children UK is better than Msalame’s new lifestyle show, ‘Unscripted with Grace’.
“You block, we open other accounts. Have you seen Momanyi new job!Thoseare goals and lanes. Not hizo zako ati unscripted RIFF RAFF,” wrote the follower whose identity Grace Msalame did not reveal.
The follower added that Grace Msalame suffers from not getting attention and that’s why she parades her body on social media.
“Haaaa no wonder Paul dumped you. Lose some weight you too big admire kina Janet Mbugua those are goals,” wrote the IG user.
In her response, Grace Msalame took the high road noting that her brand is in no way associated with negativity towards her own sex or the opposite sex.
“Let’s talk about Comparisons for a minute… I’m raising two beautiful intelligent women of Faith & to come to terms with the fact that I have to raise them in this Social Media era where one minute it’s a smear campaign filled with the same rhetoric of objectification & the next a distraction from a person who’s only resort is to get behind a keyboard & spew negative energy! My Brand is in no way associated with negativity towards my own sex or the opposite sex! There is more than enough light for all of us to shine as bright as God will Grace us,” Msalame wrote in part.
In the comments section, Msalame said the person who sent the body shaming message was someone close to her. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's African Qualifiers
This page provides the summaries of the matches of the qualifying rounds for the Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics to be held in Seoul. In the end tree countries qualified.
Preliminary round
|}
First round
|}
Second round
|}
Third round
|}
Nigeria, Tunisia and Zambia qualified.
External links
Games of the XXIV. Olympiad - African Football Qualifying Tournament (Seoul, South Korea, 1988) - Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Category:Football qualification for the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Football at the Summer Olympics – Men's African Qualifiers | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Wikipedia (en) |
Top 10 Reasons To Wear A Bikini
10. It's Bikini Season!
I'm not even sure when bikini season is, but I start hearing about it when I am too effing freezing to not surround myself with all of the blankets in my house and a roaring fire I have started from hacking apart my kitchen table with an axe. Still, though, everybody's like, "Eat carrots instead of regular delicious food! It's bikini season!" And then I start worrying if people are HUNTING people wearing bikinis. Which also sounds like a horror movie I want to write. Either way, it's bikini season! So wear a bikini.
9. The Song
You know the one. Yeah, the one that literally describes THE UGLIEST BIKINI EVER. Why would you wear yellow polka dots? Do you want to look like you have acne scars? Jaundice Spots? I don't get it. The point is this: if the guy who sings that song thinks a girl wearing the nastiest sounding bikini ever looks good in it, than Im pretty sure you have a good shot at looking great in yours.
8. Because Going to the Bathroom in a One Piece Sucks
There is nothing worse than peeling yourself out of a one piece and standing topless in a beach bathroom. It feels like there you just enjoy going to public bathrooms naked and clammy. You know that terrible clammy feeling a one piece leaves, right? I do. It's weird, you hate it, just wear a bikini and you&'ll never have this problem again.
7. Give your tummy some sun
Crop tops are so out, except with the weird girls in Brooklyn who try to dress like they are an extra in Saved By The Bell all the time. So finally be able to not only prove to the world that you actually have a belly button, but let your tum tum feel the warm sun for the first time in it's little baby life. It feels so good in the liiightttt.
6.The average woman is a size 14
You know those bikini models that have washboard abs and boobs that go up to their chin? Yeah, that's not me. I got a little on the hips because I don't find "grapefruit and crackers" the only items on the food pyramid. However, if we let only the 300 supermodels ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH think that that is the only kind of body should be in a bikini, than that's all we'll see. Most of us don't look like that and that doesn't matter at all. It's totally normal to have a little extra than muscle and skin. Show it off! Be proud of it! Make NORMAL the new NORMAL.
5. Wear a bra in public
If I walked around in my bra in public, I'd either be at Mardi Gras getting arrested or on Jerry Springer shaming my family. This is the one time you can walk around in your bra and not be in your apartment dancing to '80s pop and eating bags of cookies. Take advantage of it!
3. You'll eventually be very, very old
When you're young, you can wear bikinis and think, "Oh man I feel so uncomfortable in this bikini!" And then you are 67 years old and looking at your old photos from "the social networkers back in MY day" and you will tell your grandchildren, "Hot damn I was HOT," and they'll be like, "Grandma be quiet!" | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Trends in oral cancer mortality in Japan: 1950-1993.
To investigate trends in mortality rates of oral cancer patients in Japan between 1950 and 1993 by sex, age and cancer site, and compare the results with previous studies to determine whether there are any common characteristics of oral cancer patterns between Japan and European countries. The mortality data obtained from the Japanese Vital Statistics were analyzed using the 5-year moving average method, and the mortality rates were adjusted to the 1990 world population by age and sex. Age-specific mortality rates were analyzed by birth cohort. The age-standardized mortality rates among the males increased from 1.14 per 100,000 person--years in 1952 to 1.84 in 1991, whereas the corresponding rate among females changed little over the same period. Cancer of the tongue was the most common cause of death in Japan among the five studied oral regions: lip, tongue, floor of the mouth, major salivary glands and oropharynx, males aged under 54 born in 1920 or later were found to have an increased risk of such disease. Further epidemiological investigations are necessary to clarify the etiology of oral cancer in Japan. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Abstracts |
Funding: 7770€ / 20440€
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Women’s rights and reproductive health are analyzed and staged through musical and theatrical performances that are aired in national radio broadcasts.
The Radio counts as a highly popular medium in Kenya. Mostly in rural areas, Television sets are less likely to be found in households because they are more expensive and many houses do not have access to a cable connection or electricity. Yet almost every household has a battery powered Radio and since also many public transportations are playing radio stations very loudly on a regular basis, it is the best channel to reach many people. This is what we take to our advantage!
Informative Radio broadcasts – please don’t be boring
Over the next three years, we are organizing radio shows, once a month with important messages about Gender equality, Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights. The shows are initiated by the local theatre group “Laser Arts Ensemble”. The group is producing humoristic radio plays about serious subjects, specifically for this show, and thereby reduces their explosive nature. Afterwards people can call-in anonymously and talk with our trained Experts about these subjects. This is effective because people are getting advices about topics that would otherwise be taboo. Of course, it wouldn’t be a radio show without any music. Therefore, Wanda, our Columbian doctor and trainer in reproductive health, her musically talented son Jeronimo and the theatre group created a song that builds up on the themes of the radio show and certainly is catchy. Take a listen yourselves:
Help us to implement the radio sessions and reach even more people with this important message!
This project is part of our three-year Reproductive Health Program that will run from September 2017 – September 2020 | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Women are tough. As a male 22-year-old, I have a bit of experience perilously navigating the treacherous seas of flirtation. Thankfully, most of my attempts to spark conversation and possibly connection take place in dark bars, where the only people who can judge me for my eventual failure are myself and whichever friends I was originally out with.
That is my current flirtation situation, as of last Saturday night.
But the art of flirtation is much different for Chandler Parsons, member of both the Houston Rockets and USA basketball. Chandler Parsons, with his impressive resume and even more impressive hairstyles and facial structure, probably has a much easier time talking to women than I do.
But even with his jaw-dropping good looks and beautiful jumper, some women still reject Chandler Parsons. And as it turns out, women reject me and Chandler Parsons almost as differently as they flirt with us. In my case, they politely decline my offer of an alcoholic beverage and go on with their night. In Chandler Parsons case, they tweet about it.
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/500817839184285699
This screencap was posted yesterday by Mariah Corpus aka Ryah Roses, whose Twitter profile describes her as a go-go dancer, a fitness junkie, and interested in men with muscles. The tweet made her rejection of Chandler public, and revealed his phone number and his style of spitting game in the process.
Chandler had “slid into this girls DMs” in Twitter parlance; smoothly transitioning from being a stranger that follows you to a stranger that sends you direct messages. Using social media for intimate or personal information is a dangerous game to get into, especially for tweeters as famous and handsome as Chandler Parsons. You don’t know this person. You don’t know if she might be crazy enough to post that information online.
With that said, one trip to Ryah’s Twitter page and it is easy to see what Chandler saw in her.
She is, admittedly, quite a looker.
Also, a little research revealed that this was not the first time that Chandler and Mariah had been brought together on the Twitterverse. In April, Mariah posted this picture with Chandler Parsons, seemingly excited to remind him that she was his good luck charm.
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/460641066681520129
Mariah also seems very down to have sex with people she meets through Twitter, as she illustrated here:
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/426961250413604864
She has even used Twitter to promote the act of being a faithful “side bitch,” posting this image of a contract that includes the clause that she will “pretend to be a friend in public and fuck you like an animal in private.”
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/472250327123505153
At this point, you might be thinking that Chandler Parsons could have had no way of knowing that Ryah Roses might turn on him. She seems open to the idea of casual sexual encounters organized via tweets, and she seems totally okay with and even proud to be a self-proclaimed “side bitch.” But Chandler Parsons should have been a little more thorough while scrolling through Ryah’s timeline. Because if he had, he would have seen that she has done this before.
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/451773987224178688
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/396022118225154048
In just the past year, Ryah Roses had outed the DMs of both Based God and some rapper named Malcs. She simply cannot be trusted.
But Chandler seemed to handle the situation well, chalking it up as a lesson learned, later tweeting out:
I guess people should be more thotful with who they talk to. — Chandler Parsons (@ChandlerParsons) August 17, 2014
Ryah Roses decided to add to her already less than stellar resume with a few more gems.
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/501078457821171714
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/501232105121013761
Thankfully, NBA Rookie and @SillyNBA All Star Joel Embiid was there to support Chandler Parsons in this difficult time.
I've been saying that…… NEVER slide in anyone's DMs… Sorry it had to be you @ChandlerParsons "THESE GIRLS AINT LOYAL" #weeklytweet — Joel Embiid (@JoelEmbiid) August 17, 2014
Even though just minutes earlier, Embiid had promised to leave the Twitterverse for a while.
Alright I’m out for a couple weeks…. Don’t have the energy to tweet anymore 😘😘😘😘 — Joel Embiid (@JoelEmbiid) August 11, 2014
Chandler Parsons responded in kind…
@JoelEmbiid lol don't worry rook, not my first rodeo. — Chandler Parsons (@ChandlerParsons) August 17, 2014
…and in the end, Joel Embiid was able to take a lesson away from the experience as well.
I have to slide in someone's DMs for the first and last time….. Let's just pray that she ain't gonna snitch — Joel Embiid (@JoelEmbiid) August 17, 2014
As for Chandler Parsons, I just want to let you that you’re okay man; we all get rejected. You probably less than I, as you’re a verifiable 10 to my debatable 7.2, but I assure you women have played with both of our hearts. I’m sorry you had to go through this so publicly, but I’m also super happy you’re no longer trying to get with Ryah Roses. You deserve better. Besides, Ryah is a Kobe fan anyways.
https://twitter.com/MariahCorpus/status/460762970088173569
I wish you well Chandler Parsons. I hope you find love and play proudly for Team USA in the upcoming FIBA World Cup. Just be sure to remember while on your trip – Tweets is Watching. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | OpenWebText2 |
Citing examples of times when she went against her original word, the star of the upcoming Darling Companion says, “I said I would never have intercourse before I was married, and I did. I said I would never go to a psychiatrist and I spent much of my life in psychoanalysis. I’ve done all kinds of things I said I wouldn’t do, and of course, now I’m glad. Thrilled.”
As far as aging in general is concerned, “The best part is that I’m still here, and because the end is in sight, I treasure it all more,” Keaton says. “You have to take risks. Do things you can’t imagine. ‘Cause hey, why not, right?” | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Q:
I am looking for laser cut cads for my prusa i3?
I have this prusa i3 printer(I don't know what model is it):
My bed part is broken. And I am looking for the cads to laser cut them! this is my bed pic:
A:
This is not exactly my part, but the holes place are true. I think if someone measures the bed dimensions( for me it's 21.9mm * 21.9mm) and orders a plate in this size, he can also make holes later with drill(I did it before for another part of my plexi to attach the power supply).
https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1310778
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | StackExchange |
# _Also by David H. Hackworth_
* * *
**HAZARDOUS DUTY**
**America's Most Decorated Living Soldier Reports
from the Front and Tells It the Way It Is**
_with Tom Mathews_
**ABOUT FACE**
**The Odyssey of an American Warrior**
_with Julie Sherman_
**BRAVE MEN**
_with Julie Sherman_
**THE VIETNAM PRIMER**
_with Samuel Marshall_
PUBLISHED BY DOUBLEDAY
a division of Random House, Inc.
1540 Broadway, New York, New York 10036
DOUBLEDAY and the portrayal of an anchor with a dolphin are trademarks of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc.
All of the characters in this book are fictitious, and any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hackworth, David H.
The price of honor: a novel / David H. Hackworth. — 1st ed.
p. cm.
1. Somalia—History—1991– Fiction. I. Title.
PS3558.A31154P7 1999
813′.54—dc21 99–31098
eISBN: 978-0-307-81910-9
Copyright © 1999 by David H. Hackworth
All Rights Reserved
v3.1
_For all the unsung heroes of the Vietnam War.
And for those who never returned_.
* * *
_This book is dedicated also to my partners, Eilhys England, cherished wife, best friend, soul mate, and Tom Mathews, great good buddy, without both of whom, truly_ , The Price of Honor _would never have crossed the line of departure_.
# Contents
_Cover_
_Other Books by This Author_
_Title Page_
_Copyright_
_Dedication_
_Acknowledgments_
_Epigraph_
Prelude
Chapter One
Chapter Two
Chapter Three
Chapter Four
Chapter Five
Chapter Six
Chapter Seven
Chapter Eight
Chapter Nine
Chapter Ten
Chapter Eleven
Chapter Twelve
Chapter Thirteen
Chapter Fourteen
Chapter Fifteen
Chapter Sixteen
Chapter Seventeen
Chapter Eighteen
Chapter Nineteen
Chapter Twenty
Chapter Twenty-one
Chapter Twenty-two
Chapter Twenty-three
Chapter Twenty-four
Chapter Twenty-five
Chapter Twenty-six
Chapter Twenty-seven
Chapter Twenty-eight
Chapter Twenty-nine
Chapter Thirty
Chapter Thirty-one
Chapter Thirty-two
Chapter Thirty-three
Chapter Thirty-four
Chapter Thirty-five
Chapter Thirty-six
Chapter Thirty-seven
Chapter Thirty-eight
Chapter Thirty-nine
Chapter Forty
Chapter Forty-one
Chapter Forty-two
Chapter Forty-three
Chapter Forty-four
Chapter Forty-five
Chapter Forty-six
Chapter Forty-seven
Chapter Forty-eight
Chapter Forty-nine
Chapter Fifty
Chapter Fifty-one
Chapter Fifty-two
Chapter Fifty-three
Chapter Fifty-four
Chapter Fifty-five
Chapter Fifty-six
Chapter Fifty-seven
Chapter Fifty-eight
Chapter Fifty-nine
Chapter Sixty
Chapter Sixty-one
Chapter Sixty-two
Chapter Sixty-three
Chapter Sixty-four
Chapter Sixty-five
Chapter Sixty-six
Chapter Sixty-seven
Chapter Sixty-eight
Chapter Sixty-nine
Chapter Seventy
Chapter Seventy-one
Chapter Seventy-two
Chapter Seventy-three
Chapter Seventy-four
Chapter Seventy-five
Chapter Seventy-six
Chapter Seventy-seven
Chapter Seventy-eight
Chapter Seventy-nine
Chapter Eighty
Chapter Eighty-one
Chapter Eighty-two
Chapter Eighty-three
Chapter Eighty-four
Chapter Eighty-five
Chapter Eighty-six
Chapter Eighty-seven
Chapter Eighty-eight
Chapter Eighty-nine
Chapter Ninety
Chapter Ninety-one
Epilogue
# ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
#
This book could not have been written without the help of a bunch of folks who always answered when the bugle called.
I want to offer special thanks to Colonel Dave Hunt, U.S. Army, Sally Allen, Lucille Beachy, Shawn Coyne, Joan Kuehl, Henry Morrison and Michael Schiffer, who lived with the story from beginning to end.
I am also deeply grateful for the help and support of Major General Donald Hilbert, U.S. Army; Colonel Carl Bernard, U.S. Army; Lieutenant Colonel Roger Charles, U.S. Marine Corps; Major Brian Grattan, U.S. Army; Major Eric Haugland, U.S. Air Force; Captain John P. Nelson, U.S. Army; Captain Stacy Starbuck, U.S. Army; Captain Mike Suessman, U.S. Army; Captain Larry Tahler, U.S. Army; Chief Warrant Officer Kyle Grogan, U.S. Army; Master Sergeant Donald Linton, U.S. Army; Corporal Robert McMahan, U.S. Marine Corps; Cadet Todd Dicaprio, USMA; Jim Bartlett, Giralti Cisternas, George DiOrio, Elizabeth England, Melissa Firdman, Dr. Gerald Haidak, Bert Jocovino, Julie Lynch, Lorena Morales, Juan Ocampo, Janice Pangrazzi, Sara Rowan, Charlot Schwartz, Chuck Spinney, Dr. Henry Tulgan, Vicki Voll, Dr. Robert Woodbury, Linda Woods.
It is difficult to keep errors out of any story about soldiers, harder still to keep a love story honest. To the degree I have succeeded, I owe an enormous debt to all of these friends. Any blots that remain are my own.
_'Tis a fault to Heaven,
A fault against the dead,
a fault to nature_...
HAMLET, _Act I, Scene 1_
# PRELUDE
#
**Lang Vei * Central Highlands, Vietnam 1320 Hours * 23 August, 1966**
"Burn 'em, for Christ's sake, burn 'em—they just blew the wire."
Through the gray fog hiding the firefight, the cry rose like a hot red tracer.
Circling at 1,500 feet over the Central Highlands, Colonel William Augustus Buell flipped from the Fox Mike radio to the intercom of his command and control Huey and ordered his pilot to make another orbit of the battlefield. Far below him, mortar and artillery rounds exploding on the Lang Vei Special Forces Camp smeared red across the clouds.
At the side doors of the chopper, two gunners crouched over their M-60 machine guns cursing the weather. In front of them, the young captain at the radio console was switching channels, twisting the dial, trying desperately to raise the beseiged camp.
"Three-Five-One, this is Brandy Six Alpha, over."
He twisted the dials furiously.
"Three-Five-One, come up, over."
Nothing from the ground.
Below the chopper, four hundred Montagnard Strikers and the eleven members of Operational Detachment Alpha 351, all Americans—one captain, one lieutenant and nine highly trained NCOs—were looking into the guns of at least two reinforced North Vietnamese regiments.
The captain spun the dial again and again, back and forth, like a faith healer praying for the strength of his fingers to raise the dead.
"Three-Five-One. Come up, come up."
No answer.
For an instant, the clouds parted. Colonel Buell flipped the intercom switch again and told the pilot to drop another 300 feet. Through his field glasses, he watched A1E fighters sweeping in to drop their 500-pounders. As the A1Es veered off, greasy black smoke seamed with crimson flames rose around the camp's dogbone perimeter.
Gus Buell was flying above ODA 351, listening over the Fox Mike while his men were dying because in the middle of that firefight was the son of General John Pershing Caine, Commander, United States Army, Pacific.
The colonel told himself to concentrate on the action, the color code of battle—the scarlet explosions of the demolitions ripping away the wire, the green helmets of North Vietnamese regulars scrambling through the gaps. They reminded him of death beetles falling on a corpse.
The camp's Montagnard Strikers were throwing down their guns, trying to surrender. A few of the Bru tribesmen, seeking the protection of the bush, were sprinting through their own minefields. But the North Vietnamese were taking no prisoners. With short, accurate bursts from their AK-47s, NVA infantrymen cut down everyone the mines didn't blow away first.
Colonel Buell swept his binoculars to the right. A few Americans were still alive, fighting their way back toward a wooden footbridge over a deep trench protecting the inner perimeter and commander bunker.
Suddenly, a figure in tiger-striped trousers and a brown tee shirt darted into the colonel's field of vision. Crawling out of the command bunker, he ran over to a sandbagged fighting position on the near side of the bridge and plunged a detonator.
The bridge splintered and disappeared in smoke and flames. For a second, the stranded SF warriors, cut off from the inner perimeter, stood there paralyzed. Then a stream of machine-gun fire tore into them. Colonel Buell's gut clenched as he watched them spin, pitch forward and crumple like blood-splattered burlap bags.
After that, nothing moved but green helmets.
Another mortar barrage, even heavier now, began to pound the camp. The command bunker vanished in black smoke. As the clouds closed in, he heard the forward air controller's final call.
"Come up, guys. I got all this good stuff for you and I don't know where to put it. Where are you, for Chrissakes, where are you?"
Silence.
The young captain shut off the radio. Above the grinding whine of the chopper's rotor, he yelled over to Colonel Buell: "Fuck—it's all over."
#
ONE
#
**Mogadishu * Somalia 0800 Hours * 21 August, 1993**
Dumb. Dumb. Dumb.
Anger beat a familiar cadence in Sandy Caine's head.
Sprinting off the training ground, he headed into the dry riverbed that ran alongside police headquarters. Some moat. You could drive a herd of goats across it. Or a truck filled with plastique.
Dumb, dumb, dumb...
Running harder now, the heels of his worn-out soccer shoes kicking up little puffs of dust in the wadi.
What was it that made General Rushman such a jerk? If they gave out oak leaf clusters for stupidity, the guy's ribbons would be sagging down there right next to his double-digit IQ.
It was only 0800 hours, but already the August sun hanging in the cloudless blue sky over Mogadishu was bringing the city to its morning boil. With each stride he felt the hot desert air tearing at his lungs.
Dumb, dumb...
Chest pounding, sweat coursing down his back, he no longer felt much like a Special Forces officer. He damn sure knew he didn't look like one. For the day's mission he was wearing a pair of chinos cut off at the knees and a faded blue soccer jersey in the colors of the Honduran World Cup team. As he scrambled up the far bank of the wadi, he could smell the pepper gas oozing from the jersey. It clung to his short, dirty-blond hair like bad perfume.
Dumb...
And suddenly it came to him.
General genes.
That had to be it. Evolution rolled the dice and out came these corporate types who could care less if they got you killed.
Until the summons from Rushman, the morning's mission had been relatively simple. All he had to do was convince Major Mustafa Kalil that even in times of national crisis it wasn't necessary to grease every enemy of state in sight. Not always. Sometimes you could tear gas them.
The major and the green recruits for the new Somali National Police were just starting to get it when Sandy heard Sergeant Santana's voice come crackling over the walkie-talkie.
"Hawk 6, this is East LA. You need to get back here. Over."
Sandy punched the button and identified himself. "Come on, Sarge. Give me a break."
"I'd move it, sir. Excelsior is pissing in his boot."
Excelsior was the radio handle of Colonel Willard Jenkins, General Rushman's executive officer and brown-nose-in-chief. Which figured. Cursing softly, Sandy punted his gas mask ten yards down the training field.
SOS—Same Old Shit. One minute you were doing your job, the next you had your heels locked in the commanding general's headquarters, taking crap from a perfumed prince who could ruin your life if he didn't like your attitude.
Damn right, he had an attitude.
That's what it all came down to, he reflected, slowing to a trot. Attitude protected his mind the way a sheath protects a fine knife. It was essential to his survival, like wound dressings in a medic's kit. He was pushing thirty. A brooder. On the days when he thought he should bag the Army, it occurred to him that he knew a dozen ways to kill a man for every way of being one.
He was a captain with a golden name and a platinum future. Five years out of West Point and he spent half his time wondering why he didn't quit and get a life. He came from a tradition—eight generations of Caine warriors, six from the Point. But he was no traditionalist. He broke things, rules, icons, not just gas masks. Before the voice of authority, what he felt was a trickle of contempt, not the terror that made lifers grovel.
For a moment he stood there, waiting for the anger to cool. On the far side of the wadi, he saw Summar the mop man coming out of the command post. Summar was wearing the same faded cotton shirt and torn trousers he put on every day. Most of the time he went around barefoot. This morning he had on a new pair of Air Jordans.
The sun and wind had mummified his face. When he saw Sandy, he gathered his skinny body into a travesty of attention and saluted. Nice old guy. Mopped the floors every morning with muddy water from an old bucket, swirling fresh arabesques of filth over the patterns he had laid down the day before. After work he went over to the Bakar Market and reported the day's intelligence from police headquarters to the Somali National Liberation Front. The Nikes had to come from somewhere.
Summar's treachery was transparent, perhaps even useful. Sandy used him to spread disinformation. From across the wadi, he returned the mop man's salute. Soaked in sweat, he double-timed it to the rear of the four-story building that housed his command post. The rest of the Bakar Market district consisted of colonial villas faded to soft brown, mud houses with earthen roofs, and thousands of wooden shanties. Towering above them, the walls of police headquarters reminded him of a castle looking over a medieval slum.
The concrete walls were scarred from old battles. On the second floor, the dark smudge left by an exploding RPG round looked like the bruise circling a black eye. Sandy pushed open a steel door and went down a splintered flight of stairs to the cellar. When he came into the command bunker, he found Santana bent over a Sabre MX. The radio was lying on a crate covered by a frayed prayer rug. Talking quickly and softly into the hand mike, the A-Team's commo expert sounded like a man trying to calm a barking terrier.
"Yes, sir. I know, sir. Hawk 6 knows you're looking for him. He's on the way, sir."
Santana was a tall Latino from East Los Angeles. Cool, a little eccentric, even for Special Forces—sometimes the meditation and tai chi got to be too much for the other men. They read war stories and thrillers. Santana read _American Anthropologist_. In his footlocker, he kept a travel-tattered copy of his master's thesis—"The Guayaquil Tribe and the Shining Path"—along with the wooden flute the tribe's ghost talker had given him at the end of his field work. He spoke Japanese and Italian as well as Spanish and English. The CIA was always trying to steal him. For his mind, and for his other assets. He could do twenty-five one-armed push-ups and kill silently with either hand.
Right now, he was just trying to buy Sandy some time.
"Yes, Colonel. He knows who's looking for him. Sergeant Caldwell went over to the training field himself to get him."
Panting as if he'd just run the Boston Marathon, Sandy leaned against the wall of the bunker and let Santana play the spluttering colonel. On the wall behind the radio, two lizards were hunting flies. Sandy watched them until his breathing returned to normal. When Santana gave him the hand mike, he hefted it gingerly, as if it were a live grenade. Then he pressed the push-to-talk button.
"This is Hawk 6," he said. "Is Thundering Eagle having a nice day?"
Colonel Jenkins registered the jab at Rushman's handle but saved it for later. "Cut the crap, Captain. Where the hell have you been?"
"Across the wadi, sir. Training. East LA told me you called."
"You're damn right I did. Twenty minutes ago."
Over the hand mike, Jenkins sounded like an air horn in an end zone—pompous and a long way from any danger on the field. Sandy drummed the top of the Sabre. Gray dust covered his slender fingers. "I'm here now, sir. What's this all about?"
"What it's about, Captain, is Abu Bakar." Jenkins paused for effect. "We've got twenty-four dead Pakis and four Americans KIA over the last ten days. You are aware of that, I assume, Captain Caine?"
"That I am, sir."
"Well, the little bastard's right out there laughing at us. Thundering Eagle wants to talk to you. And the word he used was _now_. I suggest you get here ten minutes ago." He clicked off.
Sandy passed the dead handset back to Santana and sat down. Absently, he ran two fingers over his chin. A three-day beard stubbled his jaw, a pale blond mustache was advancing above his lip. Stubble chic wasn't Thundering Eagle's thing.
Screw Thundering Eagle.
Sandy's eyes moved to the short stack of mail sitting on the crate next to the radio: a letter from Lieutenant Atkinson's wife—you could tell by the green ink—and a purple envelope from Sergeant Mayemura's girlfriend. The two soldiers competed over the number of letters they got from home. After four months, Atkinson was ahead by two letters, but the purple tide from Waikiki was still running strong.
Sandy also saw the May issue of _Bon Appétit_ magazine. Three months late, but that never bothered its most loyal reader. Eddie Mayemura, master of good chow and bad vibrations. Blow up that bridge, Eddie, but don't let that soufflé fall. Mayemura could do it all.
At the bottom of the stack, Sandy found a note from Melba, the envelope square, feminine, the address in bold script. Shoving it into his pocket, he tossed the rest of the letters to Santana. "Mail call, Professor. Better get these out."
He stood up and stretched. Santana was already halfway out the bunker. "Ask Sergeant Caldwell to meet me out front in five minutes," Sandy called after him. "And tell him to fire up the Blue Deuce."
* * *
Up one floor in the squad room, Master Sergeant Nathan Preston Caldwell, the A-Team's senior NCO, was taking Friday off. Caldwell had it all worked out. The Muslims got Fridays for prayers, and that meant the A-Team had to work Sundays. So it was only right for him to take Friday off, too. But not for praying. When Santana found him, he was pressing the only cold beer in downtown Mogadishu to his cheek.
No one ever wrote Sergeant Caldwell letters. The married NCOs on the A-Team carried pictures of their wives and kids in their wallets. In the cobra-skin billfold Caldwell had taken off a dead Cuban in Angola, he kept pictures of his favorite guns.
At forty-four, Nate Caldwell left the impression on weaker men that he could crush them with one hand. That perception was accurate. He had learned the art during four combat tours in Vietnam—what he had to show for it were a trio of Silver Stars and two Purple Hearts. By his reckoning, that put him ahead of the game.
He was sitting in the squad room next to the minibar Mayemura had scrounged, nursing a Bud. Breakfast time in the 'Dish. Outside, the temperature was nosing toward 100 degrees.
"Hawk wants you and the Blue Deuce out front in five," Santana said. "Something about Abu Bakar."
"No shit?" So much for the day off.
A six XXXL-size tee shirt, red, black, and green with the call letters of a Harlem radio station embroidered on the back, lay crumpled on Caldwell's cot. He looked at the gold Rolex on his wrist. He had won it staying with a five-high straight against a sergeant major in Panama who made the mistake of trying to bluff him with a busted full house. Bad idea. You didn't play poker with Nate Caldwell unless you wanted to contribute to his retirement fund.
In the morning heat, his dog tags, dangling from an 18-carat gold chain around his neck, stuck to his heavily muscled chest. The tags were solid gold. One side said, "Nathan Preston Caldwell, African Methodist Episcopal Zion, DOB 8/16/49, Blood Type O." On the other side, it said, "If you find these take 'em and have a blast, motherfucker. I sure did."
For a few seconds, Caldwell pressed the beer to his other cheek.
Santana knew better than to tell him to hustle.
Caldwell drained the beer, crushed the can and tossed it aside. Grabbing the tee shirt from the cot, he tugged it over his head and came up through the neck hole looking like a grumpy sea lion. From the holster attached to his webbing, he took out a 9-millimeter pistol. Chambering a round, he flipped the pistol off safe and slipped it in the space between his jeans and the small of his back.
"Okay, Professor," he said. "Out of my face. Got bizness."
Santana watched him go, moving out as relaxed as a man setting off for church. Caldwell's eyes had gone dead. The way they always did when he went into combat.
#
TWO
#
*** Mogadishu ***
The Hotel Selim was a dump, but the only other choice was to sleep on the ground with the creepy crawlies. Abigail Mancini had checked in feeling jumpy after the flight from Nairobi. Pocketing the $50 bill she shoved over the gritty desk, the night man had taken her to a room with no blankets, no sheets, no towels, no toilet paper. The one small window had no glass. Its broken louvers beckoned to every winged insect in east Africa.
A mosquito net fell in dirty folds around the narrow bed. When Abbie was working in hot countries, sleeping under a gauzy white canopy made her feel like a princess. But this net was filthy, full of holes. The mosquitoes had whined around her ears all night while she slapped and dozed, wondering bleakly if she had remembered to bring her malaria pills.
Now she felt the sun streaming through the window, warming her naked back. Her tee shirt and bra were hanging off the end of the bed. Rolling over, she drew her knees to her chin. Sand fleas had put bracelets of little red welts around her ankles.
I'm getting too old for this.
It didn't show. Although she was coming up on thirty, bartenders still carded her. Her hair, tawny red and curly, was shot with golden highlights. Her long legs made her look taller than she really was and she carried her narrow shoulders easily, as if she were just coming home from dance class or the gym.
Her tongue felt thick. Sweat was trickling between her breasts, leaving a white line in the brown dust that covered her entire body. No water for drinking or a bath. She looked at the stainless-steel TAG Heuer on her wrist. Fifteen minutes until the meeting with the ambassador.
She slipped into her bra. Her tropical-weight khakis hid the curves of her round hips and trim waist, leaving everything to a man's imagination and nothing for the locals to grope. Pulling her backpack out from under the bed, she unzipped it and rummaged through an inner pocket. Good. The malaria tabs were there, so were the vitamin B-12 capsules, the Lomotil and a tube of Benadryl. Her trusty joss. Her balm of Gilead. All set. Pen and pad, shits pills and itch cream. All you needed to report for the _Washington Chronicle_.
She was stringing for the _Chronicle_ , working for a day rate and expenses. That was the price she paid for quitting her safe job on the domestic staff to gamble on herself in Africa. No salary, no benefits. Better to starve in Somalia than feed from the media trough in Washington. Some days she was sure she'd made the right choice. Some days she wondered.
The Hotel Selim made her wonder.
She looked around the room. A sleek brown rat slithered out from under the bed and disappeared through a large crack in the floor. Her stomach knotted. Why didn't she just go home? No way, Abs, she told herself. No way.
From the backpack, she took out a fresh white tee shirt and pulled it over her head. Then she dragged an aluminum suitcase from under the bed. Inside was a Voyager satellite phone and transmitter, the components all neatly packed in form-fitting rubber compartments.
As she was examining them, she heard a tremendous thumping at her door.
"Hey, love, wake up. Gotta get going."
Kurt Phillips was standing there in his vest of many pockets screwing a 300-millimeter lens into a Nikon F5. The lens looked like a grenade, one of the old-fashioned German potato mashers. The photographer looked like a bouncer between shifts. His face was oddly angular. He was an ex-pat Rhodesian who lived in Paris between gigs. Some days Abbie thought he looked Oriental, other times Afro, sometimes like an American Indian. His features had an uncanny way of taking on the coloring of the stories he covered.
"Come on, babe. I found us a four-wheel drive."
Macho man. Lean, hard, six-foot-two, built for action. Nice ass, she thought, watching him bolt for the street.
From time to time she had toyed with the idea of getting it on with Kurt, but she always decided against it. One night after they'd both had too many beers he had said to her, "I find 'em, fuck 'em, forget 'em." She'd clicked bottles with him and said, "Me, too." She liked guys, but she didn't trust them enough to love them.
Especially Kurt. He had a woman waiting in every combat zone. Abbie didn't like lines. She wasn't going to stand there holding a ticket for Kurt or any other man.
When she finally caught up with him he was throwing his gear into a beat-up Toyota Land Cruiser. "You drive, I'll shoot." He climbed into the back of the Land Cruiser, wedging the toes of his boots under the front seat so he could stand and focus his cameras. Abbie craned around and shook her head. "No way, cowboy. I'll drive, you'll sit."
"So glad you care, babe."
"Look, we don't have a story unless the ambassador opens up. So humor me."
He waggled his eyebrows at her as he dropped into the passenger seat. "The American embassy's behind the Kisenyi Hospital," he said. "Take the K-4 circle. You've got five minutes. And here's a question for Howett. Mr. Ambassador, sir, I saw a shitload of special ops troops come off a C-141 at the airstrip about an hour ago. What's the deal? Are they here to boil rice for the hungry?"
"For that one, my love, I owe you."
Kicking the Land Cruiser into gear, Abbie headed north across the city. She passed a small whitewashed mosque where half a dozen boys were sitting in the dust reciting Koran verses to an old man in a brown robe. Bullet holes scarred the front of the mosque. The gaps in its crenellated roof looked like missing teeth. Circling the shell-torn parliament building, she found the hospital, turned and pulled up in front of the American embassy at exactly eight o'clock.
Behind a sandbagged security post, one of the two Marines standing guard stepped out to check her credentials. Glancing up from her passport and press card, he scanned the rest of her, obviously liking what he saw. She ignored the leer. She was used to it. It came with the territory. The Marine waved her through the front door.
At the front desk, a middle-aged woman in pearls, a neat white blouse and black skirt was sitting behind a computer monitor. An iron handmaiden.
"We're here to talk to Ambassador Howett," Abbie said. "Breakfast interview, I suppose you could call it."
The woman tightened her narrow, perfectly rouged lips and took her time opening the appointment book. Her nails were freshly manicured and polished. Looking down, Abbie saw little crescent moons of dirt under her own. She resisted an impulse to hide her hands behind her back.
"Umm, yes. Please have a seat."
"Look, Miss Congeniality," Abbie snapped. "I don't have my needlepoint with me this morning. The appointment was for eight o'clock. It is now three minutes past eight. I suggest you ring the ambassador and stop wasting our time."
The woman flushed, but before she could reply, the door behind her swung open and a tall, thin man with a silver mustache stepped into the room. He was wearing a tan, tropical-weight suit. He looked like a man who'd just choked back a laugh.
"Miss Mancini? The _Chronicle_ , isn't it?"
"Yes, Mr. Ambassador."
"Glad you could make it so early. I've got to be out the rest of the day."
He led her through a large office fitted out with the usual flags and photographs to his private dining room, where the mahogany table was neatly set for two. "You're one short, Mr. Ambassador," she said, nodding toward Kurt. "This is Kurt Phillips, my photographer."
Ambassador Howett made a signal to a Somali maid in a white _futa_ , who set a place for Kurt and brought in a large silver tray with coffee, rolls and scrambled eggs.
The ambassador unfolded his napkin. Knifing a blob of raspberry jam onto an English muffin, he handed it to Abbie.
"My private stock. Flown in from Rome this week."
"A bribe, Mr. Ambassador?"
He looked at her over the tops of his glasses. "A rather crumby one, wouldn't you say, Miss Mancini?" She smiled politely at his little joke. "All right," he said quickly. "Call it a bribe. I want to sell you a story." He put down the knife and looked at her earnestly. The old I'd-never-bullshit-you eye contact.
"The story, Miss Mancini, is war and peace."
Ambassador Howett chuckled. Somehow Abbie kept from rolling her eyes.
"Let me be more precise," he said. "The Somalis are good people. I know them and I like them. They are fully capable of putting their country back together if we give them the right help. Feeding them was only a stopgap. We've done that. Now we need to do something else."
"And what would that something be?"
"They need a first-rate police force."
"You're kidding," she said, brushing a crumb off the table and dropping it onto her plate. "Is that the story? Wow. Page one for sure."
To her surprise, he stood up and began pacing up and down. "Look, Miss Mancini," he said, stopping next to her chair. "This country deserves a chance. It can recover. But order can only come from an efficient police force. We've got a Special Forces team running a model program. I really think you should go out and take a look at their work. It's a very hopeful sign."
"What about all the bad guys outside, what about all their guns, Mr. Ambassador? You can't go ten meters around here without somebody sticking one in your face. What about them?"
"Guns aren't what it's all about, Miss Mancini. Americans are getting a totally distorted view of what's happening. Go look at that SF team. They're the best we've got, jumpers, HALO trained to land on a manhole if there's trouble underneath it. But they're here to keep us out of combat. I'm giving you the real story. There's an interesting young officer running the program."
Was that supposed to seduce her? She felt a prickle of annoyance.
"He has strong opinions. The idea for the program came from him."
"Great."
The ambassador sighed. "I can see I'm doing this all wrong," he said. "Just go down there and talk to Captain Caine. Take a look at what's going on. Make up your own mind."
She had held her fire long enough. It was time. "Here's the deal. I'll go talk to Captain Caine. And now you owe me one, right? So what's going on with the special ops troops you offloaded at the airstrip this morning? That looks like the real story to me."
Ambassador Howett sat down and reached for his coffee. "You know how they overreact in Washington, Miss Mancini. Somebody decided we needed more security, so they sent us a few Rangers. The State Department talks peace, the Pentagon sends us warriors. That's all it is, the left hand not knowing what the right hand is up to—very old story, don't you think?"
The guy was good. Very good. "That's all?" she asked him.
"As I said, Miss Mancini, no more combat here. Not on my watch."
A buzzer sounded near the head of the table. Ambassador Howett rose quickly. "Let's do this again after you've seen Captain Caine."
Ten seconds after he left, the door flew open and the woman with the pearls rushed in, a look of victory on her face. "I'll show you out," she said.
Abbie scooped a large forkful of eggs onto her muffin and took a bite as she stepped into the vestibule. Survival issue, she told herself. I came for breakfast. I'm leaving with breakfast. She was still chewing as she climbed into the passenger seat. Kurt rested his hands on the wheel.
"Okay, babe, what do you think?"
She looked down at her nails. "Well, shooter," she said, tossing him the keys. "I think we should accept the ambassador's kind invitation and cover the wedding."
#
THREE
#
*** Mogadishu ***
The Blue Deuce was the ugliest truck in town, an old clunker that blended right in with Mogadishu's advanced state of decay. Six wheels and a diesel engine that ran on faith and a quart of oil every other day. Sergeant Mayemura had found it parked behind the tanner's souk at the Bakar Market. He bought it for twenty-five bucks and hired a dozen red-eyed Somalis to roll it back to police headquarters. Caldwell took one look and said it was worth about as much as a blue deuce in a busted heart flush. But Sergeant Heinrich Kruger, the A-Team's fixer, found enough chewing gum and WD-40 to give Mayemura's old derelict the hug of life.
Caldwell was behind the wheel when Sandy came down the front steps of police headquarters. "General Rushman's got a wild hair up his ass, Nate."
"Yeah, I heard," Caldwell replied. "Maybe someone else does too."
"Who are you talking about?"
"You gotta ask, go figure it out yourself."
Easing the Blue Deuce out of first gear, Caldwell headed down Armed Forces Avenue. Just before the Bakar Market, a crowd of women, kids on hips, baskets on heads, surged up and around the truck. They were carrying the few scraps of food they'd been able to find at the filthy stalls just up the road: carrots, yams, a few small handfuls of rice. Trussed and dangling from the wrist of one of the women, a scrawny chicken clucked out a wild protest against its last ride.
Who was better off, the woman or the chicken? Sandy asked himself, watching the two of them disappear up the dusty street. Somalia was the pits. Its leaders were crooked. They'd gone to school in Europe, bitched about colonialism, then come home after independence to rip off everything that wasn't bolted down. They were the ones who had opened the way for Abu Bakar and the Somali National Liberation Front. Bakar promised justice. Right. The guy who'd gotten his training in Moscow with another crowd of corrupt bastards who stole everyone blind in the name of revolution.
Either way, the woman was screwed, but at least she was still alive, Sandy reflected. That put her one step ahead of the chicken.
At the K-4 traffic circle, he saw a kid no older than twelve sitting at the end of a pile of discarded tires. In his lap he was cradling an AK-47. Next to him, he had a small radio and a rocket-propelled grenade launcher. A little girl with long black hair braided in the style of the Dir clan crouched by his side. Her hand was resting on the neck of what appeared to be a dead goat. Flies swarmed around its open eyes, but the goat didn't move.
"Who the hell created this place?" Sandy said out loud. "Couldn't have been God."
"When you gonna quit that shit, Hawk? Look, you wanna talk religion? Okay, keep five yards and do unto them before they do unto you."
Nate drove on in silence, his eyes sweeping the road for trouble. Sandy kicked himself. What did he have to bitch about? He and the A-Team had come in country to provide security for Archer Howett, the President's special representative. The ambassador had done two tours with the infantry in Vietnam before going into the Foreign Service. He wasn't the problem.
The problem was General Rushman. A two-star with four-star ambitions. Rushman liked air mobile assaults. A battalion here, a regiment there. What else did you need to pacify a dipshit country like Somalia? Howett knew better. The Somalis were good fighters. Push them, they shot back. "We'll do this my way," Sandy heard him tell Rushman one morning. And since Howett was the President's special representative, the general had no choice but to comply.
So they had opened the country peacefully: first the arid scrubland of the Guban to the north along the Gulf of Aden, then the richer Shebele River region from Marka and Baraawe down to Kismayu.
One morning Sandy went along with Howett to inspect a warehouse where Somali gunmen had murdered two UN relief workers and carried off five tons of rice. All that was left were the dark brown bloodstains on the floor. Looking at the mess, Sandy said, "The only way we're going to get this country squared away is if the Somali cops get their shit together."
Howett shook his head. "That's never going to happen." His eyes traveled back to the bloodstained warehouse floor. "You know," he said suddenly, as if he had made up his mind about something, "sometimes the messenger gets killed and sometimes the messenger gets the job. How about _you_ whipping them into shape?"
Hell, yes, Sandy said. The A-Team was trained to drop behind enemy lines and organize peasants into combat battalions. If they couldn't train a few cops, they ought to hand in their jump wings. Three days later, he and his men moved into the trashed headquarters of the Somali National Police. For a while, things went well. Out in the field, relief supplies began flowing and the guerrillas from the SNLF hid their guns.
Except that it didn't last. The guns were out. And now General Rushman wanted to see him.
Sandy leaned back in the Blue Deuce and closed his eyes. As they passed through the gate at the airstrip, Caldwell looked across the seat. He didn't like what he saw. The sun playing over the Captain's high cheekbones cast a dark smudge of shadow under his eyes. He looked like ten miles of bad road.
* * *
Caldwell drove past the 10th Mountain Division's bivouac. Making an arc around the berm shielding the fuel dump, he sped along the edge of a long chopper pad where A-4 Little Birds nestled like chicks next to the larger Black Hawks and Cobra gunships. A little way off, a Spectre AC-130, mother of all gunships, watched over the flock.
General Rushman had set up his command section in a mobile VIP trailer at the northwest corner of the airstrip. The rest of his huge headquarters, a large windowless building nearby, housed the 1,400 clerks and jerks who fought the paper war and directed the other 5,000 logisticians who cooked the beans and moved the bullets. With 1,000 riflemen, Rushman's tooth-to-tail ratio was about as soft in the gums as it could get. No need for Abu Bakar to kick out the teeth, Sandy reflected. Wait long enough, they'd fall out.
Because Abu Bakar didn't have an air force, there had been no need for cammo paint or nets. General Rushman could put himself on full display. In the dusty morning air, the white vinyl siding and roof of his trailer were gleaming through waves of heat. It looked like an egg in a sandbox. A child could smash it.
At 0900, Sandy stepped down from the truck and walked over to the trailer. Through much of Desert Storm, General Rushman had served as chief of staff to an even more star-studded officer, picking up the man's habit of using full colonels as gofers. In the anteroom, Colonel Jenkins was installed at his desk, poised to service his general's every whim.
Glancing at his watch, he gave Sandy a significant look and pointed to the door.
Sandy knocked twice. No answer. He waited a full minute, then knocked again.
"Get in here, Captain."
The voice was a practiced baritone, sure of its power. When Sandy stepped into the room, the general had on his don't-fuck-with-me face.
General Rushman was a gaunt, handsome man, just over six feet, with a touch of gray in his black hair. As usual, he was immaculately dressed. No matter how hot the weather, even in a combat zone, Manuel, Rushman's enlisted aide, starched and ironed his cammo fatigues until they stood at attention in his wardrobe. The grunts knew all about Rushman. They hated his guts.
Sandy snapped a salute and stood at attention.
Taking off his reading glasses, aviators in the Douglas MacArthur style, the general studied the stubble on Sandy's face, then his ragged shorts and soccer jersey.
"Nice look, Captain. Where's your skateboard?"
"Left it with Colonel Jenkins, sir. Heard you didn't like people scratching up your floor."
General Rushman's jaw tightened. "Ambassador Howett told me about your sense of humor, Captain. I don't have one. So I suggest you save your smart-ass talk for the next time you're sucking up to him."
Unlocking a file drawer, he took out a buff envelope with a red cover marked "Secret" and tossed it across the desk. Sandy pulled out two photographs, a close-up of Abu Bakar and a shot of a small white Saab. Satellite photos from the markings.
"Abu Bakar's new limo," General Rushman said. "He likes things Swedish—machine guns, transmissions, pornography. He's the one with the big beak in the other picture." There was a transcript along with the snapshots. Rushman pushed it toward Sandy. "We picked up a scoop last night. The two men talking are Abu Bakar's brother and his security chief. The guy they're talking about is their commander in Baidoa. Colonel Raschid thinks he can run the revolution better than their boss. He's coming into Mogadishu for a coffee klatch at the Hotel Royale. Abu Bakar is going to put him straight. Straight into the ground would be my guess."
The purr of the air conditioner was the only sound in the room. Rushman was enjoying himself. "All right, Captain Caine," he said. "You're the one who talked the ambassador into letting you play cops and robbers. Now you're going to get back in uniform. I have a soldier's job for you."
"What did you have in mind, sir?"
"Bring me Abu Bakar."
The idea was dazzling in its stupidity. Even for Rushman. Technically the A-Team wasn't even under the guy's command. SF always hesitated before putting any team under a conventional commander below corps level. Too many fools like Rushman around. But now was not the time to tell the asshole to pound sand.
Sandy propped the blurry head shot up on the desk. Abu Bakar looked like a carp with five o'clock shadow. The fish he swam with had very sharp teeth. "Abu Bakar never goes anywhere without guns and grenades," he said. "We can't get near him unless we take out his bodyguards. They could also kill us first."
Rushman nodded. Sandy looked at the two stars on his shoulders. Caldwell was right. This guy meant to go all the way. No matter who had to die for it. He began feeling his way forward like a man probing for mines with his trench knife. "Our recruits are looking pretty good, sir. But if we task them with this one, they'll fold."
General Rushman tapped his gold pen on the desk. The pen made a sharp noise, as if its owner were a teacher prompting a dim student.
"I'm not asking the Somali police to do this job, Captain Caine. I want you to do it."
"But, sir—"
Rushman cut him off. "Let's call it an order. You're only two blocks from the Hotel Royale, so nobody will see you going in. That gives you the best chance of getting out."
Or getting blown away. "Okay," Sandy said tightly. "Miracles happen, and my guys are good. So let's say we make the snatch. How do we extract him? He's got two thousand trigger pullers and maybe fifty thousand true believers out there. The place won't last ten minutes once they're on to us."
General Rushman pushed his chair back from the desk. "You know, Captain, I've been listening to you carefully and I don't like what I'm hearing. If I had any brains, I'd remove you from command, but I have too much respect for your grandfather."
Sandy reddened.
"What's the real problem here? You having a little trouble with your nerve?"
Before he could say anything, General Rushman moved in for the kill. "You asked about the extraction," he said. "We can't use birds to pull you out because they'll be expecting them. So we're going to keep this operation on the ground all the way. I've got the 10th Mountain saddling up two companies to escort you back to the airstrip."
"With respect, General, aren't there any other options? Have you checked this out with Ambassador Howett?"
Rushman exploded. "Look at your chest, Captain—down there where your uniform should be. Do you remember what it says over your pocket—or what it would say if you weren't wearing that getup?" He jabbed a finger at his own chest. "It says U.S. Army, the same way it does on mine. Remember, mister, you are still subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice."
The Tiffany desk clock struck the half hour as Rushman tossed the photograph to Sandy. "I don't give a damn how you do it as long as you get him to your playpen jail alive. The little bastard's car is going to pull up in front of the Royale at 1430. That gives you five and a half hours to work out the details. If I were you, Captain, I'd throw it in fifth gear. Dismissed."
* * *
The first thing Sergeant Caldwell noticed when the captain came out of the trailer was the locked jaw. Caldwell tossed aside a dog-eared copy of _Guns and Ammo_ and turned on the ignition.
The captain got into the Blue Deuce. Gray eyes stormy. No way he was going to talk. Caldwell drove out of the base and headed up the Mogadishu Mile past burned-out Soviet trucks, the charred bones of the American Black Hawk, a mangled Paki APC. War surplus from all the best brokers. Coming out of the K-4 circle, the captain finally broke radio silence. Leaning forward, he pounded so hard on the dash, Caldwell had to jam in the clutch and drop down a gear.
"You gonna share the good news, Hawk?"
"Try a snatch and grab, Nate. Abu Bakar's coming to the Hotel Royale at 1430. All _we've_ got to do is bring him back to NPHQ."
Sandy banged the dash again, harder this time.
"How stupid can one white man be?" Sergeant Caldwell shrugged. In his own mind, he had settled that particular question a long time ago.
"Okay, so we snatch him. Maybe the 10th even gets across town. What happens after that? We can kiss everything we've been trying to do good-bye. You think Kalil and his boys are going to hang around until the bad guys come to slit their throats and murder their families?"
"Like I been sayin', Captain, maybe two times twinkle twinkle little star ain't doing it for General Rushman no more. Put yourself in his place. What would you do if you saw a chance to go for number three and all you had to do was send out a few grunts to get their asses greased?"
Caldwell had on his Ray-Bans with the gold mirror lenses. The Captain couldn't see his eyes. That was good. Caldwell didn't give him advice often, but when he did, he expected him to take it. "Way I see it, Captain, ain't no good bitchin'. Only choice we got is to figure out how to get in there and back with our cocks still in our jocks."
Sandy shook his head.
"Hey, great, Nate. All we need now is a secret weapon."
"We got one, Captain."
"What the hell are you talking about?"
"The Deuce, Captain." Caldwell floored the accelerator. The truck lurched forward like a drunk in a waterfront bar. "We got us the Blue Deuce."
#
FOUR
#
**New York * Shelter Island**
Eight time zones and 9,000 miles to the west, the moon hung like a white lantern over Shelter Island. In front of the old summer house, the wind had fallen and the sea was calm, ebbing like a sigh from the rocky beach.
On the porch, two men sat in white wicker chairs talking quietly. A silver tray on the small table between them held an antique seltzer siphon, a bucket of ice, two crystal glasses and a tall bottle of Johnny Walker Black Label. Neither man reached for the bottle. Both waited, certain that a steward would materialize, perhaps out of the surf, to pour their last scotch.
The first figure, the older of the two, was Senator Jefferson Kenefick Taylor. Handsome in a black Irish way, just losing a well-developed summer tan, he was a shade over 6 feet tall. From time to time he extended his right leg out in front of him, easing its stiffness. He had draped his navy blazer over the back of the wicker chair. Pinned to the lapel was the blue-and-white rosette of the Medal of Honor.
The second man, a few years younger, was running out the clock on his forties. Taller than the senator, broader across the shoulders. Softer in the gut.
"Thanks for coming," he said. "I didn't give you much time."
"Your helicopter made it easy, sir."
Coming from the older man, the word _sir_ sounded odd. But Taylor had been a soldier a long time before going into politics. And the man in front of him, watching the moonlight rippling toward the beach, was the President of the United States.
The war hero and the policy wonk. The cut and thrust of their rivalry transfixed Washington.
Senator Taylor had made a national name for himself as a defense reformer. Around the Pentagon, ticket-punching generals and defense lobbyists groaned at the name of the junior senator from Ohio. Unlike the assorted liberals and bean counters of the post-com-symp left, when he attacked an inflated budget, a cost overrun or the latest weapons system that couldn't hit the side of a barn, people listened to him. There was something else about him that drove the defense crowd nuts. Taylor was always talking about the individual soldier, the grunt, his rifle, his boots, his chow. All of them chump-change items. Not a $100 billion contract in any of them. Besides, who had to use a rifle any more? Satellites, smart bombs, missiles that see in the dark. That was where the future lay. And the contracts. They thought Senator Taylor ought to shut up.
Voters saw it differently. They loved him. He was a Republican, a fiscal and social conservative, but Democrats crossed over regularly to keep him in Washington. When the people around town who kept count took their private polls, the numbers showed that if Jefferson Taylor ever chose to, he could clean the President's clock.
Senator Taylor wanted to. The more cogent issue was when and how. There were two ways—carefully or flat out. Both had their attractions.
Right now, the senator and the President were observing Beltway Rule Number One: pick up the phone if breaking bread with an enemy will keep him from eating your lunch.
The invitation to fly up to Shelter Island had arrived four hours earlier. Senator Taylor had been expecting the call for over a week. On the Hill, where Republicans in the House and Senate were administering their own brand of Rose Garden spray, hoards of the administration's self-righteous, poorly advanced initiatives were dying like aphids.
Around the defense establishment, the Old Guard was grumping that a draft-dodging skirt chaser could never act as an effective Commander in Chief. Their deeper fear was encrypted. What really worried them was his weakened grasp on power. Democrat or Republican, it didn't matter who occupied the White House so long as nothing upset the orderly flow of contracts.
No one saw the President's growing vulnerability more clearly than he did himself. The West Wing was abuzz with survival scenarios, including the one that had spurred Senator Taylor's night flight to Shelter Island.
The smart money was telling the President to can Robert Lassiter, his Secretary of Defense. Too liberal, too inflexible, too committed to budget cutting, they all said. He just didn't get it. The good news was that Bob had health problems. Spin the dweeb's execution as a personal necessity, they said. Spare everyone the embarrassment of firing him. Offer the job to Jefferson Taylor. Name a war hero, a Republican for godsakes, to secure your right flank. Consider the icing on the sticky bun. You shut the guy up, you keep him from using the Senate Armed Services Committee to blow you out of the water.
Only a matter of time, the power players all said. Senator Taylor knew it, too. For a week he had been asking himself whether the better part of valor would be to accept the job, broaden his base and leave the _mano a mano_ with the President until later.
The President thought all of them might be right—unless he could think of something better. Then he did. And tonight was the night.
Settling deeper into his chair, he said, "I invited you here tonight, Senator, because I've done some things today I wanted to tell you about myself."
Not good, Taylor thought. Not like a job interview. The man sounded almost smug.
"As you know," the President went on, "we're having some trouble with Somalia. Bush thought he could send in a few troops and some Wheaties and do God's work. What crap. Now those little pricks in Mogadishu are trying to chew up the missionaries. Well, they're not going to get away with it. I've ordered General Rushman to get out the muzzle and leash. Can't give you the details until tomorrow morning, but you'll get them first. I hope you'll explain the setup to your colleagues on the committee."
"You can count on it, Mr. President."
"I was hoping you'd say that, Senator Taylor. Thank you."
So much for the appetizer, Taylor thought. What's the main course?
The President looked up at the moon, drawing out the moment.
"I'm sure you've heard Bob Lassiter's not well," he said.
"Yes, that's what I hear."
"He's going to stand down."
"I'm sorry to hear that. His heart's in the right place."
"His heart's going to kill him. I can't have that on my watch. Too much going on."
Taylor kept a poker face. "Stand down?" "My watch?" My ass. Was this the guy's idea of command presence? Where did he get all the military clichés? How could he ever work with this asshole? Hell, what's the difference? It didn't have to be for very long. Just long enough.
Then it came. Right between the horns.
"I'm going to ask Hal Bonham to take the job. You know him? He's been up at Harvard. The Defense Institute. Good man, full of ideas."
The President was looking at him like a kid pulling the wings off a butterfly. Getting off on it. Senator Taylor felt a muscle begin to cramp above his knee. "Fine choice, sir."
"Will the Senate confirm him?"
Twisting the knife now, the sonuvabitch. "I can't speak for the Senate, Mr. President. Bonham doesn't have much hands-on experience. Could be a problem."
"Will _you_ support him?"
Goading him now. The sonuvabitch. Rising stiffly, Senator Taylor took his jacket off the back of the chair. "I'll think very carefully about it, Mr. President. Thank you for the briefing."
"You'd do the same for me."
Out in the drive, a car was waiting to take Senator Taylor back to the helipad. The helicopter rose slowly and whumped off south toward Washington. Somewhere over Chesapeake Bay, he took his cell phone out of his briefcase and punched in the home number of his chief of staff.
"Patrice? That you?"
"Here I am, Senator. How'd it go?"
"Why don't you put up some coffee. After I fill you in, you tell me."
#
FIVE
#
*** Mogadishu ***
All that Caldwell had told them was "Be there."
It had to be big.
Just before 1100 hours, they piled into the squad room. Santana passed the time examining body armor, the new stuff, black not green, heavy, awkward as a corset. After a few minutes he tossed it aside. Maybe they wouldn't be testing it that day. Maybe pigs fly.
One by one the rest of the team arrived. Blowing off tension, they jabbed at each other like boxers, cracked jokes, guffawed even when the punch lines were lame.
Against the front wall, Lieutenant Boyd Atkinson, the team's executive officer, was trying to look older than he felt. Atkinson was the kind of clean-cut guy you see singing in church next to his wife: brown hair, clear hazel eyes—decent, fairly bright, gung ho. It was Nancy Atkinson, his wife, who wrote the green ink progress reports on their two-year-old, Timmy. "Hey, Mayemura," he called across the room. "I got mine today, did you get yours?" The men laughed and Atkinson felt better, though it puzzled him why they thought mail call was so funny.
At exactly 1100 hours Sandy and Caldwell walked into the room. The nervous chatter stopped. Everyone pushed forward to hear better. "All right, listen up," Sandy said, skipping any small talk. "General Rushman wants us to invite Abu Bakar back to his trailer. Maybe he figures his air conditioner will cool off this civil war."
Sergeant Reginald Wilson spat the gum he was chewing into his hand and stuck it to the wall. Wilson was a weapons expert. He wore his feelings on his sleeve. "Yeah, I know. It sucks," Sandy said. "But we've got a mission and we're going to do it. Sergeant Caldwell will fill you in on the details."
Caldwell stepped forward to outline the plan. Standing in front of his makeshift blackboard, he looked straight at Wilson, a skinny kid from Baltimore, always cracking wise, always on his shit list. He had made it his purpose in life to smoke the kid's ass, to shape him up before he got anyone hurt. "Okay, Wilson," he said, "you and Doc Carter are light, bright and damn near white, so you gonna pass for Somalis. Doc's gonna drive us to the Royale Hotel and you're gonna ride shotgun. I want you to walk like a Somali, talk like a Somali, dress like a Somali, and shoot like Dirty fucking Harry. You got that?"
Wilson nodded gloomily.
"And Wilson," Caldwell snapped. "Somalis don't chew gum, you hear me?"
"Yeah, Sarge. I got it." Wilson looked at the ceiling, pulled out another stick of gum and jammed it in his mouth. Doc Carter, the team medic, said nothing.
"Okay, Strunk, Mayemura, Santana, you'll be ridin' in the back of the truck with the captain and me. If we get lucky, no one will ever have to know we're there."
Sergeant Mathew Strunk nodded. Before the Army, he had worked for his father as a lobsterman. He was a born hunter, of deer and black bear back then, more recently, of men.
Caldwell pressed on, pointing to each man as he laid out his job.
"Doc Carter and Wilson are gonna unass the Blue Deuce, take out Abu Bakar's security and throw the prisoner into the back. Then we haul ass back here. Any questions?"
There were no questions.
"Good. We got three hours to get squared away. The 10th Mountain's set for the extraction. But if we gotta fight our way out, we start right here. So we gotta bunker the shit out of our positions. I want sandbags at all the bottom-story windows and firing ports all over the building and on the roof. We need wood to block the doors, water for drinking and putting out fires."
He stopped. "One more thing. The trainees. We can't count on 'em. The captain is gonna tell Major Kalil that we're getting ready for a class tomorrow in static defense. You can use 'em to help prepare the building, but don't blow our cover."
When Caldwell finished, Sandy told Lieutenant Atkinson that he wanted him to stay behind with Kruger, Gomez and Hassan. The police recruits could man the bunker. Nonessential jobs only. The four Americans would provide cover for the Blue Deuce's line of retreat.
"If there's no place to come back to," he said, "we're all dead."
Atkinson started to protest. He knew he would be babysitting and he didn't like it. But he saw the cobalt in Sandy's eyes and shut up. He was left with only one pro on his stay-behind team, Sergeant Kruger. Sergeant Jesus Gomez was a twenty-two-year-old kid from Puerto Rico, and Sergeant Sejdi Hassan was only twenty-one. Both of them were pulling their first hitch in SF. They looked like babies to Atkinson. But the lieutenant nodded to the captain and got to work preparing the building.
Sandy felt sorry for him, but he had no choice. Green lieutenants get good men killed. The axiom had been wired into Sandy's brain as tightly as his own name. He could hear his grandfather drilling him in the catechism. Green lieutenants. Don't trust them. Liabilities. The whole purpose of the U.S. Army is, to put a rifle platoon on an objective, but the guy in charge is the most inexperienced guy in the whole defense chain.
Sandy left Caldwell in charge of the assault team while he went back into the bunker to organize air support and check for intelligence updates.
The men lined the bed of the truck with sandbags. When the firing positions were finished, Caldwell took out his trench knife and cut ports in the canvas on each side of the truck bed. He slashed another slit in the rear flap, then taped the tarpaulin back into place. To the innocent eye, the Blue Deuce looked harmless. But if they had to shoot their way home, the tape came off, the blinds came down, and the guns came out. If the engine and transmission could handle the weight of the sandbags, they'd be all right. If they couldn't, he didn't want to think about it.
Half an hour later, Sandy was back. "Looks good, Nate. We all set?"
Caldwell tossed a case of machine gun ammo into the back of the truck.
"Almost there, Captain Hawk. This Trojan Horse is gettin' ready to roll."
"Hey, Nate, I didn't know you were a reader."
"Saw the movie, Captain." Caldwell adjusted the rear flap. "We're good to go," he said. "Let's do it."
#
SIX
#
**Washington, D.C. * Georgetown**
Patrice St. Jean stood next to the stove watching his egg timer, counting off the seconds.
Two minutes 40 seconds, 41, 42.
On a stool next to the kitchen island, Senator Taylor sat reading the first edition of the _Washington Chronicle_. "Nothing in here about Bonham." He frowned as he turned to the op-ed page.
Forty-three, 44, 45.
"Courage, _chér_." The southern accent softening Patrice's New Orleans French patois eroded the _g_ in courage.
Forty-nine, 50. Finis.
With a quick flick of the wrist, Senator Taylor's chief of staff turned off the flame under the soft-boiled eggs. He took two Limoges egg cups from the warming shelf above his Wolf range and put them on a small aluminum tray, art deco.
Five A.M. The kitchen in Georgetown was redolent of the French Quarter, the sweet aroma of beignets out of the deep fryer, snowy with powdered sugar, mixing with the darker note of chicory coffee. Patrice arranged the power breakfast on the tray and took it over to the island. "So the White House suddenly gets balls," he said, handing Senator Taylor a linen napkin. "Where did they come from?"
"General Rushman. Old Drop-'em and Mop-'em Rushman. Gordie thinks he's got the answer in Somalia. The President bought it."
"Which is?"
"Kick butt. Move some boys, use some toys."
"Think it'll work?"
Senator Taylor took a last bite from one of the beignets. For a moment he had considered dipping it into his egg, then he saw Patrice watching him and thought better of it. "We should know in an hour or two. He said he'd call this morning. Asked me to sell it to our side."
"Not bad," Patrice said. "He really shoved it up your ass, didn't he?"
"That he did, Pat. That he did. Pass the beignets."
For a while the two men concentrated on breakfast. The first pale light of morning began to glow on the top branches of the Norwegian maple out in the garden. Through the kitchen window Patrice watched the sunlight working its way down toward the ground.
Ground zero, he reflected.
"What's going on in that war room of yours, Pat?"
Senator Taylor watched, knowing that whatever came out, it would be original. Patrice Michel Alain St. Jean, the wizard of Georgetown. He might have a junior varsity body, but tucked in there was the mind of a Jesuit. In a city of supercharged dunces, Patrice was a genius, of course. But he was something even rarer in Washington. He was loyal.
The division of labor between them was quite clear. The senator walked the walk, talked the talk. Patrice did the deals. They went together like butter and eggs.
"This could work for you," he said, beginning his spin. "All it does is make things happen faster."
They had discussed it before. The Defense job presented two lines of march on the White House. If the President succeeded in restoring his own strength, the senator could sit out the next election, then swoop down to destroy the Vice President four years later. If the President faltered, he could move sooner.
The trip to Shelter Island had made the choice moot.
"The money's there," Patrice said. "Same as always. We need to do some sampling. I'll put Strong and Carver on the phone banks this morning."
He aimed his spoon and gave his egg a sharp crack. Removing the top, he peered in at the goo. Ten seconds short of three minutes. Perfection. Anything less, he would have dumped it in the disposal.
"How long?" the senator asked.
"We need to wire this thing right. I've got to talk to a few people, do a little sniffin' around."
"How long?" The repetition came sharply, automatically. Patrice ignored it. You could take the man out of the military but not the military out of the man.
"A few months. Gotta grease the skillet, _chér_."
"I want to be ready before the first of the year."
The sun was up now. Patrice rose and turned off the kitchen lights.
"Just out of curiosity," he asked, "what do you think he's up to over there?"
"He didn't say."
"Think you could find out? You could always call Sandy, _chér_. He might as well be your nephew."
"Come on, Pat. You don't just ring up an SF team on AT&T." The senator had to remind himself that if anyone could, Patrice could. But as a matter of day-to-day reality, the military wasn't Pat's thing.
"Isn't Archer Howett a friend of yours?"
That was true. They had served together in Vietnam. When Howett left the Army to join the Foreign Service, Taylor's father was Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs. He saw to it that Jeff's bright young friend met the right people on the seventh floor at Foggy Bottom.
"I don't think Arch knows."
Patrice put down his spoon and looked across the island. This was interesting. "Not too swift, considering Ambassador Howett is the President's special representative."
"Rushman was the only name that came up."
Patrice grinned as if he had just been handed a brightly wrapped present. "Why don't you give Howett a call?"
The senator looked at his watch. Well past noon in Mogadishu. "What's the point?"
Patrice pushed the basket of beignets across the island. "Well, let's say for the sake of the argument that the President didn't tell his own special representative. The ambassador's a peacenik, you know that. What's he gonna do when he finds out that Rushman's bitten off the big one?"
"He'll shit."
"And then?"
"He'll try to abort."
Patrice watched as it began to sink in.
"We might save some good guys."
Pat waited.
"And if Howett calls it off, the President's back to square one."
Patrice wiped a spot of powdered sugar from his chin. "That's right, _chér_."
"And he'll be asking the Senate to confirm another Harvard idiot who doesn't know the business end of an M-16 from a hole in the ground."
"Uh huh."
"And we'll ram this one right back up _his_ fanny."
Senator Taylor pushed aside his plate and walked over to the wall phone. Taking a small black book from his jacket pocket, he punched in the number of the East Africa desk at the State Department. "This is Senator Taylor," he told the duty officer. "Please patch me through to Ambassador Howett."
#
SEVEN
#
**Hoddur * Somalia**
Ambassador Howett looked out the window. Two thousand feet below his helicopter, the brown desert of Somalia was unfolding like a bad dream. Why were so many people willing to die for it? He was on his way to Hoddur to talk the head of the Teflis clan into standing up to the Somali National Liberation Front. What the Teflis and the Dir hated more than Europeans, Americans, and Soviets was each other. The Teflis could help contain Abu Bakar. Maybe they would listen to him.
He closed his eyes and listened to the whump of the rotor. A red light flashed on the instrument panel in front of the pilot. He flicked the switch on the intercom. "For you, sir. It's a patch from Washington."
Howett groaned silently. "Thanks, Major. Put it through." Hard to hear anything over the clatter of the chopper's engine, but the voice was unmistakably Cincinnati. "Hey, Arch. You there? It's Jeff Taylor."
"You got me," Howell said, brightening. "How'd you do it?"
"Connections 'R Us, Mr. Ambassador. Where the hell are you?"
"Two thousand feet up. Coolest place in Somalia. What about you?"
"Just got back from Shelter Island."
Howett frowned. The summer White House was the curse of a diplomat's warm season. Too much time for golf, bright ideas. "They must be cheering in the E-Ring. When do you move in?"
"Ain't gonna happen. He wants Bonham."
"You're kidding me."
"Wish I was, Arch. Harvard's our bridge to the twenty-first century. West Point doesn't do it for the man."
"Sorry, Jeff. I..."
"Doesn't matter. Listen, something else came up. That's why I'm calling. If you can't talk, just say so."
"No encryption necessary, Jeff. I'm just breezin' along to Hoddur. Some wheeling and dealing with the Teflis."
"I'll be damned. That's not what the man said."
Howell stiffened. "What did he say, Jeff?"
"He told me a few hours ago he was sick of having his missionaries chewed up. Said he's ordered General Rushman to do something about it. The operative words were 'leash' and 'muzzle.' "
"Don't know anything about it."
"I guess I'm not surprised. He didn't mention your name. Hey, how's Betty?"
"Chafing to get me out of here, believe me. My tour's up in three months anyway. Thanksgiving at the Cape. Why don't you come up?"
"Bet on it, Arch. I'll tell Pat to book it. Call when you get back."
"You're first on the list. Listen, what are you going to do now?"
"Oh hell, I don't know. Maybe I ought to be choosing my own SecDef. You interested?"
Howett chuckled. "Who would've guessed? Watch your back, Senator. Talk to you later."
Flicking off the line, Howett reached over and got the pilot on the intercom. "We're diverting, Major. Back to the strip. I want you to land on top of General Rushman's trailer."
"Yes, sir."
"And Major, I'd like you to observe radio silence. I think it's better if General Rushman is not expecting me."
#
EIGHT
#
*** Mogadishu ***
Sandy was still dressed for soccer. Shaking his head, he went into the small, sandbagged room where he had his cot. Kicking off the running shoes, he stripped off his shorts and jersey, folding them neatly before he put them in the laundry. Reaching over for the basket, he felt the envelope in a pocket. Message from home. All's well. Wish you were here. Christ, wouldn't that be nice? He sat down on his cot and put the envelope on his knee. The paper fluttered in his fingers. Adrenaline rush. Good, he thought.
It wasn't fear that was bothering him. He'd lived with fear all his life. Doubt was worse, much worse. What sense did it make to stick his dick in the electric socket for the greater glory of a phony prick like General Rushman? What gave Rushman the right to order Nate and Mayemura and Atkinson and the others to follow him on this stupid rat fuck? Okay, sure, Rushman had the right. The Army gave it to him. It demanded obedience. But why should a good A-Team get blown away just so one more numbnuts with stars on his shoulders could go for another promotion?
Oh man, Sandy, he warned himself, now is not the time. He tore open the envelope. The note inside was wrinkled—his sweat had blurred the ink—but he could still make out Melba's confident handwriting:
Caro halcónito _I miss you, little hawk. Arlington in summer is death_.
_Too hot, too boring. The General must be getting old. I beat him twice this week. Bishop 7 to King's 4 both times. He was a very bad sport_.
_The second time he knocked down all the pieces_.
He felt the tension in his body ratchet down a notch. Melba to the rescue. In his miserable room he saw her brown face, warm, wrinkled with concentration, leaning over the little table where she wrote her letters and studied her stock reports. Melba Casadero.
Love had never been one of his assets. He felt about it the way disbelievers felt about God. He had no faith. Love's proud atheist. Except for Melba.
He had been a sulky, hostile three-year-old who'd chased off half a dozen nannies before Melba arrived. His grandfather hired her as a stopgap while the agencies continued the search for a nanny strong enough to handle him.
Around the General's fine old house in Virginia, there were no other women. His own wife, Elizabeth Putnam Caine, had died giving birth to Sandy's father. She was a Boston Putnam and she should have been in Boston Lying-In. But she was also a good Army wife, so she had gone to an Army hospital, where she died because an incompetent couldn't stem a postpartum hemorrhage.
The General had promised her that when their son was born, he would be there. But when the baby came in 1942, he was in North Africa with the only boys that really counted for him. Elizabeth Putnam had died calling his name.
Sandy had always thought of her as killed in action, a martyr to love, while the General was busy winning the war. Another part of the Caine family tradition. His own mother had driven her car off a cliff in Hawaii six months after his father bought it in Vietnam.
Given the track record, Sandy's view of women was that even the best tended to vanish. The conclusion was obvious: disappear on them before they disappear on you.
Except, of course, for Melba.
He kept her letters in a tin box that had once been full of almond candy. From Melba, of course. Reaching for the box, he saw the small black book wedged next to it in his footlocker. The cover was soft, pebbled to look like leather, and blank. You couldn't tell whether it was a soldier's Bible or just another collection of hot phone numbers.
On the flyleaf was a faded stamp: _Printed in Accordance with Wartime Restrictions on Paper_. On the title page, it said in the same economical spirit: _The Soldier's Shakespeare. Henry V_.
The General had bought the little volume from a stall outside a used bookstore in London during the Blitz. He had carried it with him across Europe on the plunge for Berlin. The night before Sandy left for West Point, he gave it to him as a going-away present. When Sandy came into the dining room that evening, he saw it lying next to his fork on the polished mahogany table where the General drilled him every night over dinner.
"It's about you, son," the General said. One of the few times Sandy had ever heard a crack in his voice. "The choice you're going to have to make in life."
"Sir?" Sandy had mumbled.
"In all of Shakespeare, only two princes really count. Prince Hal and Prince Hamlet. Who are you, Alexander? Which one are you going to be? The prince of action or the prince of dithering around?"
"I'll have to think about that one, sir."
"Think long and hard, Alexander."
Then Melba came in with the standing rib roast. From that night on, whenever Sandy thought about that evening, what he saw were the old man's powerful hands around the antler handles of the carving set. What he heard was the snick, snick, snick of steel on steel.
At first he had thought the choice was easy. Hamlet, Jerkoff of Denmark, worst wimp of all time. Play Hamlet and everyone dies. Prince Hal was his man. "We band of brothers." He could believe in that. "Once more, dear friends, into the breech." He believed in that, too.
But then. But then. When he started soldiering for real, it turned out the job wasn't so simple. No one fought with swords. Shit, since Vietnam hardly anyone fought with guns. At least theoretically. The Pentagon wasn't interested in weapons. It was interested in weapons systems. Big Bangs. Big Bucks. It could care less about your boots or your rifle.
To act or to doubt, wasn't that the real question? To lead or be led? Goddammit, man, get a grip, he told himself, looking again at the note from Melba:
_No more news, except I shorted Microsoft as soon as I heard they weren't going to get Windows 95 out on time. So we'll go for a good dinner, maybe El Parador, when you get home. Be careful over there. Go with God,_ hijo mío. _Melba. P.S. Wear your medal_.
Sandy opened the tin box. At the bottom, under the stack of letters, was a Saint Christopher's medal the size of a silver dollar. Melba had given it to him the day he left for Mogadishu. He took it out and looked at it. Melba believed in protective powers, miracles. He believed in training, guts, luck. When Melba had taken him into the kitchen to give him the medal, he had teased her mercilessly. Now, he slipped it onto one of the chains around his neck, letting it clink against his dog tag. If he was lucky, Caldwell would never notice.
#
NINE
#
*** Mogadishu ***
Kurt eased the Land Cruiser around a corner just beyond the mosque of Fakr al-Din, pulled up in front of police headquarters and turned off the engine. "Here comes the bride," Abbie hummed. After the embassy, this place looked relaxed. Whoever was inside was getting along better with the locals than the people uptown. She pushed open the door and walked into a long room running the entire length of the building. A wide staircase led up to the higher floors and down to the cellar. Turning, she heard footsteps pounding up from the basement.
An apparition appeared at the head of the stairs.
Green and brown smudges darkened his forehead, cheekbones and chin. In one hand he was carrying a set of body armor. In the other he had a submachine gun and a helmet.
"Who are you?" he snapped. "What are you doing here?"
She stuck out her hand as if she were poking her fingers through the bars of a cage. "Abbie Mancini, _Washington Chronicle_. Ambassador Howett told us to come over here. Insisted, really. We had breakfast with him early this morning and, umm... here we are. You must be Captain Caine. The ambassador told me all about you." Okay, Abs, she told herself. Now try for the innocent smile.
The soldier stared at her blankly. "We're tied up," he muttered. Before he could throw her out, she began rattling off questions.
"What do you mean, tied up? How so?"
"We're just about to take off on a training mission." His voice was guarded, as camouflaged as his face. Her internal radar went on triple scan.
"Great. I'll tag along."
"Sorry, it's classified."
"Oh really? Ambassador Howett's already told me what you're doing here with the police. He seemed proud of the program. He practically ordered me to do a story." Captain Caine smiled faintly. "Sorry," he said. "Come back tomorrow."
Okay, Abbie. Time to regroup. "Sure, I'll do that," she said. "Nice meeting you. See you in the morning." Pushing her sunglasses up on her forehead, she turned and went out the door. Kurt came bouncing up, on his toes, like a tennis player about to return serve.
"What was all that about?" he asked. "Since when do you paint up to play cops and robbers?"
"Bingo, shooter. Since when?"
They got back into the Land Cruiser and she told Kurt to take a swing around the Bakar Market.
"Let's give them ten minutes," she said. "Then we'll come in the other way."
* * *
Eight minutes later, Caldwell emerged from the rear of police headquarters and tossed a backpack radio into the Blue Deuce. Strunk had muscled an M240-G Belgian machine gun over the tailgate and was setting it up on a platform of sandbags. Mayemura was hunkered down behind him with an M-16. Nothing fancy, but serviceable. The captain was carrying the MP-5SDK he liked to use for close-in work. It was compact—about the size of a Sten gun—it fired 9-millimeter rounds, and its silencer made it the weapon of choice for today's surprise.
Santana came out of the building with his M203 over-and-under and trotted to Caldwell's side. "Brought your pee bringer, Professor?" The Latino slapped the stock of his double-barrel cannon. The barrel on top was the working end of an M-16 set on automatic. Underneath was a launcher that could drop a 40-millimeter high-explosive grenade on a pie plate at 200 yards. A weird smile flickered across Santana's face. The Professor always looked that way before a firefight. Sometimes Caldwell wondered if he was nuts.
There was one extra machine gun back in the building. Caldwell decided to bring it along. As he headed for the rear door, he heard the low growl of a vehicle crawling toward him in first gear. From around the corner, a Toyota Land Cruiser came creeping, heading straight for the Blue Deuce. He grabbed the walkie-talkie strapped to his webbing. "Better get down here, Captain. We got visitors."
Before Caldwell could do anything else about it, a redhead in a white tee shirt and baggy pants got out of the Toyota, then a tall dude covered with cameras.
"Where you think you're going?" Caldwell shouted. "This ain't fucking Disney World."
The rear door of headquarters flew open. Captain Caine came out looking deeply pissed, but the redhead just kept coming. Now she was right in Hawk's face.
"Hi," she was saying. "Me again."
Hawk was looking at her like a man considering the best way to break her sweet neck.
"I've decided I'd better tag along," she announced, as if she was GI Jane. "It just doesn't seem right to miss you guys doing your thing."
"Not today."
"Why don't you check with Ambassador Howett? He told us to talk to you, to get some pictures."
"Not today."
"I'm coming."
"Not today."
"Look, Captain," she was saying, going slower now, as if she were talking to someone deaf or stupid, "I'm a journalist, I'm accredited here and I can go where I want to go. I have a right to find out what you're doing. My readers have a right to know what's going on in this country."
"Arrest them, Nate."
"You can't arrest me." The redhead, really pissed now. "I'm a civilian. I'm an American. You don't have the right to arrest me."
"I just did. Bust her, Nate."
Caldwell was carrying two pair of plastic manacles in his pocket. He had brought them for the raid. Whipping them out, he snapped them on the mouthy redhead and the photographer. Then he shoved the two of them toward the back door of headquarters. The dude with the cameras took it well. The redhead went bitching all the way.
"Kurt, do something."
"They got us, babe. Relax and enjoy it. Take notes."
Caldwell hustled them through the door and down to the lockup. Atkinson was checking three cells in the rear. "The captain says for you to stow these two, Lieutenant. Don't let 'em out." As he turned to leave, the photographer said, "Would you mind getting our gear out of the car, Sarge? I can't leave the cameras out there. There's an aluminum suitcase in the back. We need that in here, too."
Cool motherfucker. Give him credit for that. It got the woman's attention. She finally shut up, waiting to see what he was going to say.
He nodded to Atkinson.
"Send Gomez out to get his stuff. Lock her in with Mr. Candid Camera. We're gonna need those other two cells."
* * *
A few minutes later, Caldwell got back to the Blue Deuce with the backup 240-G. They now had more firepower than the LAPD. Oughta be enough, he thought, jumping into the rear of the truck and lowering the canvas over the tailgate. Better be enough.
Up front in the cab, Doc Carter pumped the brake pedal a couple of times to test it. Without thinking, he reached out to adjust the side mirror and grabbed air. The corroded frame was empty, shot out with the windshield a million years ago.
"Didn't wanna look back anyhow," he said to Wilson. "Too fucking scary, man."
Wilson had two MP-55 DK's on his lap. "Shut up, Doc," he said. "Drive."
At 1420, Doc Carter nursed the Blue Deuce onto Armed Forces Avenue. At five miles an hour, he rolled slowly for one block, then turned left. The Royale Hotel was about 200 meters dead ahead of them. It was a two-story building with pink walls and metal shutters. From the dusty courtyard in front of the lobby, a dead palm stuck up like a busted finger.
Deserted. We're in luck, Carter thought. Maybe this won't be so bad.
Even in the shade of the dead palm, it was 105 degrees. The morning crowds were gone. Anyone with sense was hiding from the sun, sleeping off lunch. Keeping the truck in second, Carter drove 100 meters, then swung in a broad U-turn and pulled to a stop directly across from the hotel. He left the engine idling.
In the back of the Blue Deuce, the heat under the canvas was stifling. Sweat dripped from the Professor's glasses, trickling across the stock of the M203. He looked over at Strunk, who was moving his lips silently, counting breaths, rationing the superheated air.
At 1428, Doc Carter saw the white Saab stop four blocks up the boulevard. Wilson saw it at the same time and tossed over one of the MP-5SDKs. Slipping out of the Blue Deuce, the two men crossed the street and squatted under the desiccated palm.
At exactly 1430, the Saab began moving slowly down the boulevard. In front of the Royale, the driver came to a halt and the doors flew open. Two bodyguards with AK-47s stepped out to scan the street. Wilson and Doc Carter pulled their guns from under their baggy white shirts and started walking forward. The bodyguards swung around toward them, leveling the AK-47s.
The first burst from Doc Carter's MP-5SDK caught bodyguard number one in the chest. _Pffffft_. No more noise than an air gun. The Somali spun around and slammed against the Saab. He slid slowly to the ground, leaving a long red smear on the sedan's white hood.
Wilson fired twice. His first burst hit the other bodyguard in the leg. Lurching forward, blood spraying out of the wounds, the man peppered the front of the hotel with a few wild rounds. Then Wilson iced him.
At the sound of the shots, Sandy and the others tore open the gun ports, and the Blue Deuce bristled with steel.
Caldwell jumped out and ran over to the Saab. Carter was hauling one of the passengers out of the car by the neck of his business shirt. The second passenger, a short man in fatigues, was struggling to free the Czech CZ75 strapped to his hip, the kind the SPETZNAZ carried. Deadly. Fifteen rounds, 9-millimeters long, the same parabellum used by NATO. Kill a NATO guy, you got a new stash of ammo. Before the dude could pull it out, Caldwell hammered his left hand down. There was the sound of bones snapping. Reaching through the door, Caldwell wrapped an arm around the prisoner and yanked him out as easily as if he were lifting a duffel bag. "Get these clowns in the truck," he yelled to Wilson and Carter.
Strunk pushed aside his 240-G to make room, and they shoved the two hostages to the rear of the Blue Deuce. The prisoners were just disappearing headfirst over the tailgate when Caldwell heard a pistol crack twice. An officer in the blue uniform of Abu Bakar's Revolutionary Guards came running out of the Royale.
Who's the fat dude? he wondered. Must be Colonel Raschid. Save the Revolution Raschid. Raising his own 9-millimeter, Caldwell squeezed off a single shot that planted a small red rose in the middle of the colonel's chest. He pitched forward, collapsed under the palm.
Caldwell spun around. Doc Carter was back behind the wheel of the Blue Deuce; that gun-chewin', duck-screwin', shit-for-brains Wilson had frozen at the door. No choice. Caldwell banged him on the side of the head with the butt of his pistol. Wilson sagged. Caldwell lifted him like a stuffed toy, threw him onto the front seat and piled in next to him. "Move it, Doc," he shouted. "Let's get the fuck out of here."
The Blue Deuce burned rubber, rumbling down the boulevard like a rhino. Just before the intersection at Armed Forces Avenue, they had to slow for the corner. Two rebels waving AK-47s came running out of an alley. Strunk took them out with two short bursts from his machine gun.
They came around the corner and headed for home.
Lieutenant Atkinson was standing outside when the Blue Deuce roared up. Ignoring him, Caldwell jumped out of the cab and ran around to the tailgate as Strunk and Santana dumped out the two prisoners. Caldwell grabbed them—his huge hands made it easy, almost as if he were palming two basketballs. He shoved them toward the gaping young officer.
"Lock these bastards up, Lieutenant. Get 'em out of my sight before I smoke 'em."
Sandy took a quick look up and down the boulevard. The sound of the gunfire had blown their cover. Grabbing Doc Carter by the arm, he told him to run the truck back up the street and toss a thermite grenade under the gas tank—no point in leaving the Blue Deuce to Abu Bakar's men. They'd use it as a battering ram.
A few minutes later, the Blue Deuce disappeared in a blinding eruption of red and yellow flames. Doc Carter came running out of the inferno with his hair smoldering, fire licking at his clothes. From the school yard far up the boulevard, a kid stepped into the street with an RPG launcher and pegged a round at him. The shot missed, but the concussion from the explosion as the RPG slammed into a wall behind police headquarters knocked him to his knees. Automatic fire was kicking up dust all around him.
"Cover me, Nate."
Firing the MP-5SDK from his hip, Sandy ran across the boulevard and dove for the medic, knocking him over, rolling him through the dust. When the flames were out, he slung the MP-5SDK over his back, lifted Carter in a fireman's carry and hauled him back to the headquarters building.
Crouching at the front steel door to provide covering fire, Strunk and Mayemura saw Sandy running toward them. They jumped forward and carried Carter into the building.
"You all right, Doc?"
Sandy propped Carter against a wall away from the windows. The shaken medic's face was smudged with dirt and smoke. Wrinkling his nose at the acrid smell of his burned hair, he began patting himself down quickly, looking for wounds. Finally, he stood up and dusted off his arms.
"Shit, first guy in the aid station is me," he said. "Better get it set up."
He waved Hassan and Kruger over to help him collect his medical gear. When they were gone, Sandy went to the vault to check on the prisoners. Atkinson had dumped them in separate cells.
Fuck it. What difference did it make now?
He walked over to Atkinson.
"Where the hell is the 10th Mountain?"
The lieutenant hesitated. Fog of war time. "Ambushed at the K-4 circle. The TOC says some little kid zapped the lead Humvee with an RPG. They're in one hell of a mess. They're trying to make it back to the airstrip now. TOC says we should go to Plan Bravo."
"What the fuck is Plan Bravo?"
"They didn't say."
A current of rage shot through Sandy's body. He fought it down. The bars on one of the cells began to rattle loudly. Wheeling around, he saw the reporter beckoning to him. She didn't look scared. She looked as if she were in complete control, as if all that was left was for her to assume command.
"Great exercise," she said. "Did you use all that blood to make it look real?"
What a pain in the ass. When she turned up he had felt like taping her mouth and FedExing her back to the _Chronicle_. But she obviously had guts.
"What about letting us out?"
Atkinson had a bunch of medieval-looking keys six inches long hanging from a leather thong wrapped around his hand. Some things in Mogadishu hadn't changed for a thousand years.
Sandy nodded to the lieutenant. He fumbled through the thong until he found the right key. The cell door swung open. The reporter stepped out and walked over to Sandy.
"Sorry, Miss Mancini," he said. "The mission was classified. You can leave now, if you want, but I think that might be a bad idea. It's going to get wild out there."
"We'll stay."
"Up to you."
"But we want our gear."
Sandy nodded, examining the woman more carefully. Her eyes were very large. He saw small flecks of gold mixed in with the brown. He put her at about five-foot-five. She looked like a tomboy. But not butch. Headstrong but smart. And she had needled him without quite busting his chops. Not bad.
Atkinson came back with the bags. As he was handing them to the photographer, the radio on his web gear began to squawk: "Gomez to CP." Sergeant Gomez was up on the roof, where Atkinson had positioned him. "Go ahead," Atkinson snapped, struggling to regain his bruised sense of authority. "The crazy _pendejos_ are buzzing like flies on shit out there. Everywhere you look." Atkinson looked pleased. "Roger that, Gomez. Keep me informed and stay alert. I'll be up there ASAP."
* * *
The walls of police headquarters were four stories high and two feet thick. Sandy did some calculations. The closest enemy position would be 50 meters across the avenue, and it had only a ground floor and roof. Abu Bakar had maybe two thousand fighters. He had ten. But at least his guys had good observation, good fighting positions.
There wasn't much time. "Tell Caldwell to put the guys in position," he told Atkinson. "I'm going to find out what fucking Plan Bravo is all about."
He found Sergeant Santana on the second floor putting old Soviet helmets on makeshift dummies and propping his limp reinforcements next to unmanned windows. "We've got to move the radio," Sandy said. "If we lose commo, it's all over." Down in the basement, they bundled up the Sabre and moved it into the vault on the first floor. When the radio was hooked up, Santana raised the TOC and passed Sandy the handset.
"Lion, this is Hawk 6," he said. "Give me Lion 6, over."
"Wait one."
Lion 6 was the call name of Colonel Grady Harrison, a southerner from Alabama. Harrison was an old Delta Force warrior. He had started as a grunt in the Ia Drang Valley and moved out to every other hot landing zone in sight. He had seen them all and lived.
"This is Lion 6. What's happenin', young man?"
"Tell Thundering Eagle the good news is we've picked up the mail. The bad news is we're looking at deep shit out here."
"How deep?"
"One foot in it. You want it all?"
"Affirmative."
"Okay, no attackers so far, lotta angry noise. We need gunships, like now. Then reinforcements by chopper ASAP. The roof's cool as an LZ. Perfect for a wham-bam insertion. But no way we can do a fast bug-out. Too many people. The prisoners, the police, a reporter and photographer. We're stretched way too thin. We could use more people and another medic, night vision stuff and a dozen strobes."
"Got it. What else?"
"An eighty-one-millimeter mortar with HE and ILLUM and a couple more 240s with a shitload of ammo. It wouldn't hurt to get another ten walkie-talkies, spare batteries and a backup radio."
"Roger on the take-out."
Sandy laughed. "What's Plan Bravo?"
There was a long pause. Harrison's disgust came in loud and clear. "Thundering Eagle wants to call in the Marines. They're at sea. ETA two days."
Command post chicken shit. Fort Leavenworth training exercise. Computer driven. Unfucking believable.
"How about UN tanks?"
"Thundering Eagle is working it. The UN's playing rat fuck. The Pakis say they can't move out until they get a green light from home. We're talking Christmas here. A lot longer than the Gyrenes, anyway."
A burst of automatic fire suddenly splattered the front of the building. Sandy heard the whine of bullets ricocheting off concrete.
_BEEYOW. BEEEEEEYOW_.
"Yeah, well, if we're at two days, Lion 6, were talking thirteen body bags."
* * *
Atkinson was on the roof assigning sectors of fire. He told the men to harden their positions with timbers and concrete blocks torn from the walls of the building and to keep their heads down. The roof was where they would live or die.
On the ground below, Abu Bakar's irregulars were buzzing like August locusts. From time to time, Gomez popped off a round at anyone who looked like a leader. Kruger held fire with his 240-G, saving ammo, waiting for bigger game.
Toward the front of the building, a wooden platform fitted out with a flagpole jutted out from the roof. The police used it each morning to run up their colors, avocado green on a field of black. The rotting base that supported the pole was hidden by a low wall of planks.
Studying the platform, Atkinson got an idea. Turning to Gomez, he said, "Hey, Jesus, a sniper out there could control the whole street, east to west. Go on out and see what you can do."
Gomez looked up and down the street, then he looked at the platform. Fucking yo-yo lieutenant wouldn't be there to screw things up if they had enough warrant officers.
"There's no cover," he shouted. "It's suicide."
In Atkinson's book, the only thing worse than a chicken shit was a chicken-shit young sergeant. If he let Gomez buck him now, he might as well turn over the whole show. "Bullshit," he snapped. "Look at that wall. Get behind there and no one'll ever see you."
Then he stopped. Bad leadership, he reminded himself. Ordering a man to do something you wouldn't do yourself. He had heard it a thousand times in ROTC, had it beaten into him at the Infantry School. Follow me. Follow me. Follow me.
"I'll show you," he yelled over to Gomez.
Crawling forward on the platform, he inched his way behind the boards and stretched out to shoot prone. Up the street he saw two gunmen dragging a machine gun into position.
_Blaap. Blaap_. Two shots. Two bodies crumpled on the ground.
Atkinson smiled, leaned over and waved at Gomez to join him.
From behind the corner of a building across the street, a machine gun rattled. A stream of bullets tore through the wooden platform and ripped open his belly. Atkinson reached down and felt a warm wet pudding where his stomach had been. The second volley lifted him up and spun him over. He was falling. How slow it all seemed, a long, slow dive like the ones he used to make in the Moline River back home, showing off for girls. "Nancy," he called out, "watch this." Down, down he dropped, and then, where the river was supposed to be, he landed on the hard-baked earth and blackness swallowed him.
Gomez felt sour bile rising in his throat. He bent over and retched.
"Christ," he said, wiping his mouth with his sleeve. "I warned him not to go out there."
Kruger grabbed his shoulder, shook him hard.
"Not your fault, Gomez. Dey give poetry lessons at Vest Point. Dese _scheissköpfe_ don't learn to stay alive."
Almost as if it were rising from the earth, a yell went up from the Somalis and a dozen men started racing across the street toward Atkinson's body, a trophy to strip, flay, drag through the market. Kruger had the target he'd been waiting for. Opening up with the 240-G, he poured lead into the street in short, accurate bursts. When the machine gun stopped sputtering, a dozen bodies, red as sides of beef, lay broiling in the sun.
* * *
Ambassador Howett stared at General Rushman. The American commander was leaning over a table in his trailer studying a map. He was talking to Colonel Jenkins as if the two of them were engaged in a map exercise at the Infantry School. On the acetate overlay of the map, he drew a neat blue circle around the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit on station in the Indian Ocean.
"What do we have to do to get Colonel Charles to move his Marines faster, Willard?"
"If they leave the supply ships to catch up with them, sir, they can pick up eight hours."
"Excellent, they could still go in before sunup the following day."
"You're right on target, General. As usual."
A revolting wet kiss.
"General Rushman," Howett said frigidly. "I think your little raid has just come unstuck."
He spoke each word precisely, clipping the syllables as if he were using scissors, leaving nothing General Rushman could misconstrue. The two of them had gone to the National War College together. But that was a long time ago.
The general's answer was what he'd been expecting.
"Come off it, Arch. You don't really think this was my idea, do you?"
So Jeff Taylor had it right. "Well, Gordie, I don't know what to think. Who could be stupid enough to dream this one up?"
The general laughed. And Colonel Jenkins was smirking.
"Okay, Arch, here it is. Early this morning I got a call from Shelter Island. You know, Shelter Island, where the President likes to ride around in that little golf cart of his? And guess who was calling me?"
"Why don't you tell me, General?"
"It was the President, Arch, you know, the Commander in Chief. He told me he couldn't find the Secretary of Defense. He was off Hilton Head looking for marlin. And he couldn't find the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. He was on his way to get a good citizenship award somewhere. When he couldn't find you, either, Arch, that's when he decided to call me."
Colonel Jenkins snickered.
"And do you know what he said to me, Arch? No. I bet you don't. But you do know there's an election coming, don't you? And you do know that Senator Taylor is always on the news breaking his balls."
Howett held his fire.
"You know what the President said to me, Arch? What he said was 'I want you to nail that little cocksucker, and I want you to do it today.' So I asked him, 'Have you talked to Ambassador Howett about this?' and he said, 'Howett's off somewhere playing Lawrence of Arabia. That's why I'm talking to you.' "
That's what this was all about? A presidential tantrum? A campaign ploy? A photo op?
"Why didn't you stop him, Gordie?"
"Goddam it, Arch, this is what I know how to do."
Howett had heard enough.
"Okay, Gordie," he said coldly. "Let's take a look at what you've accomplished so far. You've destroyed our best chance for rational progress toward law and order in this country. And now you're about to get eleven of your best men killed."
The ambassador hadn't lied to Miss Mancini about the Delta Force Squadron at the airstrip. Not exactly. The Pentagon had sent them to do special ops without being precise about what those operations were going to be. He had a mission for them now.
"Here's what _we_ are going to do now, Gordie," he said. " _I_ am going to call Washington to sort this all out. And while I'm doing that, I think it would be a good idea if _you_ got that Delta Force parked outside your trailer onto birds as fast as they can get their shit together. And then you are going to send them into that firefight."
General Rushman threw his pen on the table. It made a feeble snap, like the crack of a .22 in an empty desert. The ambassador ignored it.
"Get your head out of your ass, Gordie. You've got the Marines arriving before their tanks. Without the tanks, they're just dismounted infantry. Maybe you think Marine light infantry is more bulletproof than the Army's, but they're not going to be any better off than the 10th Mountain, and the 10th has already gotten its clock cleaned. They couldn't even get through one road block."
"Now, look, Mr. Ambassador—"
"No, _you_ look. You get those Delta people moving now or you're going to retire as the major in charge of the bowling alley at Fort Drum. You screw this up any more and I'll arrange it today. _That_ , General Rushman, is what _I_ know how to do."
* * *
Behind a sandbagged window on the ground floor of police headquarters, Caldwell tapped Sandy on the side of his helmet and pointed his finger to the roof. Lieutenant Atkinson had fallen directly in front of them. It crossed Sandy's mind how perfectly choreographed the slaughter had all been, like a demented dance: the brassy music of the automatic weapons, the falling bodies, the silence after the finale.
A useless thought. The point was the roof. They couldn't afford to lose it.
"Yeah, get up there," he said to Caldwell. "Check out Gomez and Kruger. Tell me if you need another man."
"Okay, Captain. You the stud down here, I'll be the main motherfucker in heaven." He sounded almost happy. Staying low, he ran across the floor and took the stairs two at a time.
From the vault, the radio crackled to life.
"Hawk, this is Lion 6. Over."
Harrison's voice sounded about two feet away. Santana had arranged the Sabre in a corner, facing out in a way that turned the vault into a booming speaker. Sandy grabbed the handset.
"Go ahead, Lion 6."
"Delivering your goodies. Gunships will be over you in five minutes followed by Black Hawks with Delta trigger pullers. You're getting two birds with the trigger pullers, then two with sling loads they'll drop on the roof. You want the Delta guys to land or fast rope in?"
"Land. Have the gunships suppress fire on all four sides of the building. And have the chopper drivers come up on my frequency. I'll control the OPs from the roof."
"Wilco. ETA Three Zero for Delta. How's it going?"
"Still a rat fuck. We've already taken one KIA, and it's not getting any better."
Sandy signed off. Across the bunker, Santana had on his eerie smile. "Keep 'em coming, Professor. Relay any messages." Sandy signaled to Strunk and they ran for the roof.
When they got to the top, they saw the reporter crouching behind a low wall of sandbags. She was tuning up a small satellite feeder. The aluminum suitcase was open on the deck beside her, and by the time Sandy reached her she was already operational.
"Sat phone," she said. "Want to phone home?"
"Jesus, Christ, Miss Mancini. What are you doing up here?"
"Just looking for the powder room, Captain. As in gunpowder. You going to send me back to jail?"
Wild child keeps her head under fire. Give her that. "It's your story, tiger," he said. "Don't let me get in your way." Bending low, he started across the roof. From behind, he heard her call, "Hey, Captain, thanks."
Abbie cranked up the phone. Two false starts, then the desk assistant said, "Foreign," as clearly as if he were just up the street. "Give me Julian," she said.
A few seconds later, the _Chronicle_ 's Deputy Editor came on the line. "What's happening?" he said sourly.
"Can you still get me some front-page play?"
"Depends."
With Julian, everything had a price. "The balloon's gone up in Mogadishu. I've got American snake-eaters kidnapping Abu Bakar. The town's ready to blow."
"Who told you that?"
"No one."
"Don't jerk me off, Abbie."
"I'm on the roof at police headquarters, Julian, Abu Bakar's in a cell three floors down, and the shooting's already started. You want more?" She held the receiver up. A burst of machine gun fire riccocheted off the front of the building. That got Julian's attention.
"All right, I heard it, you can quit showing off. I heard it. Empty your notebook to Cam. I'll get you the space." She heard him starting to pass the phone to the desk assistant.
"Julian."
"Yeah?"
"What do you think?"
"I'm busy, Abbie. What are you asking me?"
"No 'Great stuff, Abbie, thanks for the scoop.' "
"Give us the feed."
He handed her off. No changing Julian. The guy gave away nothing.
* * *
Interlocking bands of plunging fire, Sandy thought as he worked his way around his defenses. Out at the edge of the wadi, the Claymores with their electric detonators would slow a broad attack down some. On the east flank, Caldwell had positioned Strunk with one 240-G. Kruger was covering the west flank with the other machine gun. Now they could lay suppressing fire down across the wadi and the soccer field to the west and the low buildings across the street.
The sun was beginning to sink toward the horizon.
The choppers would come in on a north-south vector. The machine gun and gunship fire would force the Somalis to keep their heads down while the birds came in. If it worked, the whole thing wouldn't take more than three minutes. To the north, he could hear the _THWUMP, THWUMP, THWUMP_ of the approaching choppers. Over the air to ground radio, the voice of the lead chopper driver came through the static.
"Hawk, this is Raven. Inbound. Give me a vector and pop smoke."
Sandy glanced across the roof. "Come in on a hundred and eighty degrees, Raven. And have your guns work over that soccer field. I saw a couple of Technicals out there with crew-served weapons. Two choppers can land at the same time. We'll put down a shitstorm of suppressing fire."
"Roger, Hawk. We're zero-three mikes out. Start your rock and roll."
Sandy motioned to Kruger and Strunk, and the machine guns roared. Red tracers stitched the soccer field. Bakar's men were skittering away like mice running from an eagle. As the gunships moved in, blasting the flanks of the building with miniguns and rockets, the earth shook. Sandy saw the Black Hawks flare and hover while nineteen Delta warriors bolted out. As they hit the roof a sergeant major waved them to their firing positions. Within forty-five seconds they were all in place. Lifting off, the two Black Hawks headed for home.
The odds were looking better.
A few seconds later, two more Black Hawks began hovering over the roof. As neatly as a surgeon implanting a pacemaker, they set down cargo nets loaded with weapons, ammo and supplies. The gunships escorting the cargo ships hosed down the rebels. The rockets went _Whooooosh_ , then exploded in flames.
"Hawk, this is Raven. We're away clean. I'll have a minimum of two sets of guns over you until you're outta there. Call signs are Raven 1 and 2. Good luck."
"Tell your crews thanks, Raven," Sandy shouted into his radio. "They do good work."
He scanned the roof. The reporter was huddling over her sat phone. She gave him a wave, then went on talking. Did she take a phone to bed he wondered? Maybe he should find out. He called Caldwell over. "Let's get her a helmet, Nate."
* * *
In the slanting rays of the afternoon sun, the percussion from the gunships died out and a lull fell over the battlefield. The black, oily smoke from the burning truck mingled with the burnt-sulphur smell of cordite. A dark haze drifted around the building. Picking his way through the jumbled cargo nets, the Delta sergeant major, who had expertly deployed his reinforcements, walked up to Sandy and saluted.
"Sergeant Major Dan Perkins, sir. Was that plain or with pepperoni?"
Sandy laughed. The man's sleeves were rolled up. When he saluted, a long white scar snaked from his wrist up past his elbow. He looked to be in his late forties. His eyes were a washed-out blue and his skin had weathered to rawhide.
"Thanks for dropping by," Sandy said. "Let's get these supplies out of here, then you can help me and Sergeant Caldwell over there figure out how to defend this shithole."
Perkins looked across the roof to where Caldwell was untangling the nets. "Could that be Nate Caldwell? Master Sergeant Nathan Preston Mojo Motherfucker Caldwell? I think I know the man." Trotting over to Caldwell, he grabbed him from behind as if he were picking up a box of mortar ammo and dumped him on the deck.
No one ever touched Caldwell. Sandy saw his hands flatten as he wheeled around. But when he saw Perkins, he roared with laughter. Then he jumped to his feet, hit the new man with an open-handed slap on the chest, got a leg behind him and rode him down to the roof.
"Steely Dan," he sang out, pinning the sergeant major's shoulders. "Where's your fuckin' band, man?" Scrambling to their feet, the two of them stood up and ambled toward Sandy like a couple of foraging bears. "Knew this dude in I Corps, Captain," said Caldwell. "And in Angola, and in El Salvador. Only white boy I ever met who could dance. Like, 'Tea and me, GI—long time, short time. Steam and cream.' Remember that, Dan? We tore up every whorehouse south of the Seventeenth parallel."
Perkins had stopped listening to Caldwell. He was staring at Sandy.
Sandy had pulled off his helmet to wipe the sweat from his face. For an instant it looked as if the old master sergeant was going to ask him something, but then he seemed to change his mind.
"Come on, Sarge," roared Caldwell, dragging Perkins off toward the cargo nets. "Ain't no time for pussy right now. You gotta shoot 'em before you kiss 'em here. Let's get your boys tucked in for the night."
* * *
Sandy scanned the bodies strewn in front of his fortress. Abu Bakar's men weren't the world's best shots. But they obviously believed in their leader. And they knew how to die. How many American generals could make the same claim? He remembered a quiet day in Baledogle when he and Ambassador Howett had sat in the shade behind an old mosque weighing relative force levels: theirs and the SNFL's. Howett told him that Abu Bakar kept a copy of General Giap's memoirs next to his cot. Superpowers didn't impress the man. American firepower didn't scare him. "Put him in a room alone with Rushman," Howett said, "five will get you ten on who comes out alive."
Abu Bakar's real name was Colonel Mohammed Mustafa Khalid. He came from Baledogle, but he had named himself after the market in the poorest quarter of Mogadishu. Abu Bakar. Son of the Bakar. More than a little show business in the nom de guerre. Khalid's father had been a rich landowner, rich enough to fly to Egypt and start over when the revolution came.
Khalid himself was an intellectual with a wife in Baledogle, another wife in Cairo and a mistress in Moscow. But he knew how to inspire other men to fight and he knew where to send them. Right now he had enough of them outside the building to kill everyone inside.
When Sandy came in, he saw that the Professor had moved the prisoners from their cells. He'd tied them up with nylon cord and stashed them in the corner, where he could keep an eye on them. The prisoner in the torn business shirt was slumped over, silent. The small man in fatigues was nursing his arm and babbling wildly in Italian.
"I think we have a problem, Captain."
"Yeah, right, Professor. We got a basic shitload of problems."
"Not like this one, Captain."
"Okay, Santana," he said tiredly. "Let me have it."
"This guy says he's not Abu Bakar."
#
TEN
#
*** Mogadishu ***
The little man with the busted wing drew himself up from the floor. His hands and feet were bound, but his eyes were darting wildly and his mouth was working hard.
Raising a hand to stop his babbling, Santana began translating. "The gentleman says he's Abdul Rahman Khalid, Abu Bakar's brother. The other guy says he is Abu Jihad, their foreign minister."
"Bullshit, Professor."
"I told him if he was lying Sergeant Caldwell would fix his other arm. I don't know, Captain. He's a dead ringer for Bakar. Face matches the mug shot. But maybe we do have the wrong guy."
Sandy looked at the photo, then the prisoner. His mind tracked into reverse, sorting through the day's screwups. Nothing about the mission made sense. The intell was all wrong. The plan had fallen apart like a cheap pair of shoes in the rain. "Tell him I don't give a shit who he is. He's going to see General Rushman."
The other prisoner stood up and shot Santana a cagey look. "I think I may have a solution to your dilemma," he said softly.
The accent was English. Upper class. Oxford or Cambridge. "You and your men are just ordinary soldiers," he said. "I understand that. Abu Bakar will understand that. He doesn't want you. He wants his brother. I suggest you release him, or, if you don't feel you can do that, release me. I shall negotiate with Abu Bakar. I guarantee that you and your group will be given safe passage back to your base."
Over in the corner, Major Habib was sitting on a wooden stool, eavesdropping. Santana had asked the Somali officer to watch the hostages while he manned the radio. The major was trembling. "He is right, Captain Caine. We are all going to die. You must release them both."
Sandy spat on the floor. Better cops? What cops? How naive can you get? He'd been dumber than Rushman. "Okay, gentlemen, here it is," he said icily. "Mr. Nobel Peace Prize here and whoever you are"—he pointed to the babbler in the fatigues—"will go out with us. If we get our asses shot off, I'm going to make it my final purpose in life to shoot off yours."
He wheeled on Habib. "Major, you tell any of the trainees who want to split they're free to go. Anyone who wants to stay can stay. But if they stay, they fight.
Major Habib nodded and left. Ten minutes later the entire reconstructed Somalian National Police retreated through the rear door, waving streamers of toilet paper as their white flag of truce.
Abu Bakar's men laughed and jeered, then they let the new National Police, now broken, pass safely into oblivion.
* * *
Caldwell and Perkins looked down from the roof, watching the recruits disappear.
"Seen it before, Nate?"
Caldwell nodded. Maybe a thousand times before. Like in Nam at the end. A lot more times in a lot more places after that.
The two men returned to their work. They assigned a pair of Delta reinforcements to man the 81-millimeter mortar, ordered four more to help secure the roof. Perkins set up a Delta sniper team, a spotter and a shooter with a 50-caliber sniper rifle, to cover the soccer field. Then they scattered the others around the building, setting up a tight defense.
At 1700 hours, with the sun dipping lower in the west, Sandy's radio squawked again, and the pilot of the Spectre he had seen earlier out at the airstrip came on the air. "Tell us what you need," the pilot said. "We're ready to play."
The Spectre could put a bullet on every inch of a soccer field in a matter of seconds. Sandy asked him to stand by. A few minutes later, mortar rounds hit the field and started creeping toward their position— _boom, Boom, BOOM_ —the gunner was searching for the range. Sandy got on the radio.
"Spectre 10. Check to the west and find that mortar position. He's about to make us real uncomfortable."
"Wilco, Hawk. Out."
More thuds. Black smoke. _Ziiip. Thuump. Ziip. Thuuump. Ziip_. _THUUUMP_. And then a tremendous roar of voices as hundreds of Somali irregulars firing RPGs and AK-47s came steamrolling at the American position.
But when the gunmen reached Atkinson's body, the Spectre suddenly loomed up, a monster flanked by smaller choppers. All the birds opened fire at the same time. As Sandy watched, the mob of advancing Somalis disintegrated. Arms, legs, heads flew through the air, limbs torn from their bodies, chunks of bodies torn from their limbs, a tornado splashed with blood and brains and buzzing with chips of bone.
When the firing died down, nothing was left of Atkinson's body, not even his dog tags. And not much was left of the Somalis. The gunfire had minced everything on the street.
"Yell if you need our services further," the Spectre pilot radioed. "And scratch one mortar. They had it up in a hut. Marked it with a Red Cross. Those boys must have studied with the Viet Cong."
The moon wouldn't rise until well past midnight. Up on the roof, Caldwell and Perkins went through the crates searching for strobe lights. Perkins looked up and shrugged.
"Ain't no pulsers here, Nate."
"Hot pot time, man," Caldwell said, remembering an old night-fighting trick the two used defending CIDG camps in the Highlands. "Think you can get up the fucking mixings?"
When Perkins got back, they mixed oil and gas with the sand they had stored on the roof to fight fires. Then they poured the concoction into cans, setting one fire pot in each corner of the roof. In the center, they arranged a movable line of pots shaped like an arrow. When night fell, they could light the pots and move the arrow to point in the direction of any attack, as if it were a compass needle. The arrow would guide the Spectre in to erase anyone crazy enough to sneak out of his mud hut.
Overhead, the gunships were circling like condors. Every now and then one of them would swoop down and rake an enemy position, or the Spectre would let go a long tongue of flame. _GAAAAARAAAAH, GAAAAARAAAAH_. The rounds sizzled like dragon's breath, ripping into the targets, bathing them in fire.
The Somalis fought like men without memories. Whenever their harassing fire seemed to die down, it would erupt again from another direction.
At 1730 hours, an RPG round landed directly on Gomez's position, blowing off a leg and half his face and slightly wounding three of the Delta warriors. Doc Reeves came running up and found the reporter bent over Gomez. Her white tee shirt was spattered with bright red arterial blood. She had her thumb pressed hard on his femoral artery.
"Where'd you learn how to do that?"
"My dad's a surgeon. Taught me ER stuff."
The medic moved in beside her and started putting on a tourniquet. But they were too late to help Gomez. His eyes rolled up, he coughed blood and died.
"Shit," she murmured, cradling him in her arms. "Shit, shit, shit."
After Doc Reeves patched up the Delta warriors, they rolled Gomez in a poncho and stretched his body out gently on the roof. He had managed to stay alive only three hours longer than Atkinson.
At dusk, a 75-millimeter recoilless rifle mounted in a banged-up pickup rolled into a firing position behind a wall at the end of the avenue. The gunner got off two rounds that thumped into the building between the first and second floors.
"Dickhead," Caldwell muttered. "No marksmanship medals today." Grabbing a Viper-AT-4 anti-tank weapon, he rested it on the top of the balustrade, took time aiming slowly and blew the vehicle away with one round.
"How'd that grab, Dan?" he yelled, slapping the roof.
"Do it, Nate. You're the man."
"Deadeye Dick and my gun is quick," Caldwell shouted back. "Come and get it."
Out in the gathering darkness, no one took up his challenge.
An hour later, night came thumping down over the battlefield. Through night-vision scopes, the Delta snipers on the roofs watched the Somalis skittering around like green bugs in a black bottle, but they held their fire. The Americans were outnumbered by at least three hundred to one, but they could see in the dark and they meant to keep that advantage a surprise. The order from Perkins was not to open up unless there was a full-scale attack.
Half an hour before midnight, on the far side of the soccer field, the snipers saw at least five hundred men lining up in three columns. Some were carrying ladders and grappling hooks, others were pushing large trucks toward the building. To the south of the building, a smaller group of gunmen was heading for the rear door where the trainees had slunk away. Caldwell got on his walkie-talkie. "Better get up here, Captain. Shit is about to happen."
Sandy left the vault and ran to the roof. The air was cooler, and the wind had come up, making it easier to think. He squatted next to Caldwell, who pointed at the two Somali concentrations. One was clearly a diversion. They would hit first from the south, hoping to draw the defenders to the rear of the building, then hit the front with their main attack. So those recoilless-rifle rounds earlier in the day hadn't gone wild. Abu Bakar was poking a new door in the place.
Santana was right. It had to be Little Brother down in the vault. Only Abu Bakar would have the brains to dope out this line of attack.
The first thing they had to do was clobber the diversionary force with 81-millimeter white phosphorus and HE rounds. Sandy ordered his snipers to concentrate on leaders, then got back on the radio.
"Spectre, this is Hawk," he said. "Got a juicy target for you. We're ready to laze it now."
"Okay," the pilot called back. "Rope."
From the roof, one of the Delta warriors pointed a laser beam straight up into the darkness and began to wave it. Overhead, the Spectre's infrared TV instantly picked up the beam.
"Sparkle," the pilot called out.
The Delta grunt lowered the beam to the target. At first it looked like a _Star Wars_ light saber. Then the grunt wobbled it so that on the gunship's NV gear, it would make the target stand out against other light sources.
"Visual, Hawk. Got your laze. We're good to go. Let me know when you want us to burn 'em."
Sandy counted the seconds ticking off while Caldwell pointed his arrow to the line of the main attack and lit it.
The Somalis began their diversion. On the southern flank, a tremendous noise began. Before the advancing Somalis made it halfway across the street, whining shrapnel from the mortar rounds and long bursts of machinegun fire sliced and diced the diversion. Then a roar came from the wadi as the defense line of claymores started to explode. No longer empty now, the soccer field was full of screaming gunmen launching the main attack.
"Zap 'em," Sandy said into his radio.
The sky exploded in streaks of red tracers. The Spectre's miniguns scourged the open field. There was no place to hide. Hundreds of men went down. They screamed again, this time quivering, drowning in their own blood. Only a few survived to run forward with their ladders and grappling hooks. They were still 20 feet away from the walls when the Americans on the first floor and roof opened up and smoked them.
Now, from beyond the wadi, two long streams of machine gun fire scoured the roof. One of the Delta weapons men went down.
"Medic, medic."
A gurgle more than a cry. Doc Reeves ducked across the roof. The man had a sucking chest wound, but before the medic could do anything for him, his lungs rattled and his eyes turned to glass. Two more Delta defenders were slumped face forward in black pools of blood. Cursing silently, Doc Reeves turned them over. They were gone too. Nothing in his bag could pump life into a corpse.
He looked up and saw the photographer pulling an M-4 out from under one of the bodies. "You know how to use that thing?"
"Yeah, I know how to use it, mate. Four years in the Rhodesian scouts."
Caldwell heard the medic and the photographer whispering and inched over. He saw the M-4.
"You like killing black people, white boy?" he said.
"Only when they're hassling me, Sarge. Or maybe trying to grease you."
Caldwell guffawed.
Across the roof, Perkins was hopping up and down trying to stamp out a fire touched off by an incoming round. Caldwell loped over to him, ripped open a sandbag with his trench knife and began pouring sand on the blaze. "Dance, 'Steely Dan,' " he shouted. "You in the 'Dish, and it's boilin' over, man."
The machine gun chattered again. This time the Spectre whirled around and raked the wadi. On all flanks, the attack stopped as quickly as it had started. To the south, the wounded screamed in the darkness. On the soccer field there was only silence.
Perkins looked down and saw that a bullet ricochet had sliced open his leg. He asked Caldwell to wrap a bandage around the wound. He didn't bother to hit the aid station. When the bleeding stopped, he limped off to check the mortar crew. "Steely Dan," Caldwell muttered. "You are one hard-core dude."
Down in the aid station, Doc Reeves and Doc Carter were working frantically on the wounded. Shrapnel had hit one Delta warrior in the face; an eyeball was hanging weirdly from its socket. Just as they got the IV going and the blood starting into him, he groaned once and died. "Five minutes," Carter muttered. "Five fucking minutes more and we'da saved him. Saved him, man. I know we'da saved him."
Tears streamed down his cheeks. Doc Reeves shrugged.
"I've known the dude for five years. With that face, he wouldn'ta wanted to be saved."
For the next two and a half hours, everything was quiet.
Sandy returned to the vault. It was still two hours before sunup. Rushman wasn't any help. If they waited for the Marines, they'd be lucky to wind up in Arlington National Cemetery. A few more hours and Abu Bakar's men would be dragging their bodies through the streets. Feeding them to his junkyard dogs. Photo opportunity for the media. He did a few quick calculations and told the Professor to raise Harrison on the Sabre.
"Lion 6, this is Hawk. Let's finish this thing. At 0500, send me four big birds. Bird one picks up wounded personnel. Bird two the hostages. Bird three pulls out the KIA and the gear—we'll put them in a cargo net. The trail chopper can extract the rear detachment. We'll blow anything we can't take out."
"Roger that, Hawk. Good go-to-hell plan."
"Christ, I hope so. Also request you do a slicky slicky on the bad guys twenty minutes before we start doing our thing. Put a shitload of fire on Abu Bakar's headquarters over beyond the market. Run a few fake helicopter insertions. A little Sun Tzu. Noise in the East, attack in the West."
"Wilco. Not bad for a West Pointer, Hawk. The Zoo was quite a guy. Southern China, right?"
Sandy laughed. Only Harrison could make Sun Tzu a good ole boy.
On the roof, Abbie piled half a dozen more sandbags around the antenna of the sat phone, then leaned back against them breathing hard. She had a world-beat scoop. She was in the right place at the right time, she'd never do city council meetings again. Let Doctor Dad and all her brothers suck on that one. The day she'd left for Africa, Dr. Mancini had congratulated her for moving up from the idiotic to the insane. "Shut up, Dad," she whispered to herself. Don't let him sneak up on you now.
Then she remembered the dying soldier's face.
Her father and brother had the skill to save lives. The best she could do was act as a witness to death.
It wasn't enough.
Nothing she could do would ever be enough.
#
ELEVEN
#
*** Mogadishu ***
The stars had come out over the battlefield. The shooting had stopped, but the moon was still down. Perkins was propped up against a sandbag, thinking.
"Hey, Nate," he whispered to Caldwell. The sergeant had just returned from checking the perimeter. "How long've you known Captain Caine?"
" 'Bout a year. Since he took over the team."
"He any kin to Alexander and J. P. Caine?"
"Papa and granddaddy."
"Yeah, figures."
Landing on the roof had been like looking into the past. The young captain's face had startled him. He looked like someone nearly thirty years dead.
"I knew his dad in I Corps, Nate. Saved my ass once near Lang Vei."
"That right?"
"My first tour in the Nam, he was a lieutenant on my A-Team. I was pulling point on a recon patrol and walked right into an NVA ambush. That's how I got this."
Perkins raised his scarred arm.
"The motherfuckers were hugging the belt, keeping me alive so they could chop up the rest of the patrol. If Wolf hadn't charged them all by his lonesome and pulled my ass out, I wouldn't be here saving your black ass. I didn't know he had a kid. The captain looks just like him."
"Well, if I was you I wouldn't bring it up."
"Why not?"
"The captain ain't no family man. Got a lot of baggage."
"What're you telling me, Nate? The kid's got it. You think the Caines got another four-star there?"
"I don't know, man. Great soldier. But sometimes, looks to me he wants to get his ass tossed out. You ever hear about the Night of the Jackasses? Up at the Point?"
"I didn't know they only came out at night."
"We're talkin' just one night, man. Spring of Caine's last year. He's lookin' to outdo Douglas fuckin' MacArthur, man. Same kind of shit as when MacArthur put a reveille cannon up on top of Pershing Barracks. Five floors up. Took the Corps of Engineers two weeks to get it down.
"Anyway, this kid Caine beat him."
"What'd he do?"
"The way I heard it, he kidnapped the mules—you know, the West Point mascots—and put 'em on top of Pershing barracks. Perfect mission. Had one team of strikers do the snatch, one team of engineers to build a pulley hoist and a knock-down pen. Took 'em a week to smuggle the parts into the barracks and hide 'em.
"Night of the raid, the strikers hit the stable, engineers set up the rig. Snatched Traveller, Trooper and Ranger, all three big motherfuckers, man. The engineers lowered a girdle, pulled those big suckers up on the roof. Took maybe seven minutes.
"Sunup, Sandy pulls the muzzles off and he and his guys rappel down the back of the barracks. Three jackasses start brayin'. Whole fuckin' Point woke up. Cracked up."
"He get away?"
"No. Candy-assed little plebe ratted him out. Inquiry, hearing, whole nine yards."
"So why's his sorry ass up here with us tonight?"
"That's my point, man. He was an accident lookin' to happen—half the Point's calling him the Caine Mutiny, the other half's callin' him the Hawk 'cause he had such sharp eyes for tactics. Commandant didn't want to lose a man like that. Busted him to private, gave him a bunch of demerits, let him walk it off."
Nate looked out into the darkness. "Didn't change him any. He's always right there on the edge. A lotta times he just doesn't give a shit. There's this time we're doin' an exercise down in Panama. The mission's to build an assault airstrip. Like whack the jungle down with machetes. So we cut the shit out of everything and when we're finished, the Air Force comes in to pick us up."
"What's your point now, man?"
"Fuck you, I'm gettin' there. The captain tells us all to strip, except for our boots and our weapons. When the aircraft stops at the end of the strip, we come out of the jungle and stand there buck naked. Eleven dicks at dress right dress, present arms. Salutin' the Air Force. The crew was blown out, man. Laughed so hard the plane shook."
"You're shitting me."
"No way, man. Story was the hit of the week when we got back to Bragg. Until it got to the Commanding General. This new Army, you even fart in the barracks you're out. If J. P. Caine wasn't the captain's granddad, he'd been out on his ass right then. Weird thing, he seemed almost relieved. Like gettin' canned wouldn't be such a bad thing. Might solve some shit."
"What shit?"
"You ever hear those stories about ODA 351? Like, after you left?"
Caldwell picked up another M-4 magazine and started to reload it.
"Everybody greased except Captain Taylor?" Perkins said.
"Yeah, right. So some people say it was Lieutenant Caine's fault. Maybe the kid thinks so, too. Fuck it, man, I don't know."
Caldwell turned away. Plenty of time, Perkins thought to himself. Taking out an old toothbrush, he cleaned the bolt of his weapon. Then he stuffed a pinch of snuff under his lip and looked up at the stars.
* * *
At 0400 hours, Sandy made the rounds again. He told the men they'd be back at the airstrip in time for a hot breakfast. Before he left, he asked Perkins, Caldwell, and Strunk to meet him in the vault in ten minutes so they could chalk-talk the pullout. Caldwell and Perkins set off around the perimeter to reinforce the message.
"We ain't running, we're attacking to the rear," Perkins said to Strunk.
Caldwell shook his head. "Hey, man, since when did _you_ start stealing lines from the Marines?"
Thirty minutes later, the world fell in on them.
The motion detectors went off, but before anyone could respond, the trip flares shot into the sky. A huge explosion rocked the first-floor west wall near Wilson and Hassan's position. Two enormous holes opened up. Concrete, splinters and debris shot across the room like grapeshot, and a dozen Somali sappers roared through the holes, firing as they came. Before either of the Americans could raise their weapons, the hot barrage of automatic fire cut Hassan apart—his body fell on the floor like a child's puzzle—and wasted Wilson.
The explosion knocked Sandy and Caldwell, Perkins, Strunk, and the Professor to the vault floor. Strunk stayed down, crushed under a slab of broken concrete. Sandy shook himself off and charged, firing his MP-5. _Once more, dear friends_. Only this time it was Somalis pouring through the breech. Figure that, Prince Hal.
Perkins was right behind him blasting with an M-4.
The fighting was close, dirty, hand-to-hand. Caldwell took a pointblank shot into the front of his Kevlar helmet. Sinking to his knees, dazed, he zapped the Somali who had fired at him. For a moment, he knelt there, wagging his head like a shell-shocked sheepdog, saying, "Damn, damn, damn." Then he rose and waded back into the fight.
From one of the holes a grenade arced in, bouncing slowly toward Sandy and Perkins. For a split second, they both froze. There was the sound of metal rolling on wood. Then Sandy reached down like a shortstop and flipped the grenade out through the crater in the wall. It exploded on the heels of the fleeing sappers.
"Jesus Christ, Captain," Perkins said quietly. "You fight just like your old man."
A torrent of adrenaline shot through Sandy's body. His heart was pounding and his mouth went dry. He spun around and pointed the MP-5 at Perkins's face. For one crazy second Perkins thought the captain was going to waste him.
"Fuck that, Sergeant. My old man was a loser who got himself killed. And if you don't quit running your mouth, same thing's going to happen to us."
"Easy, Captain."
"Can it, Sergeant."
"Okay, skipper," Perkins said. With a finger, he pushed the barrel of the captain's submachine gun to one side. "You organize the PZ and I'll clean up down here."
Sandy lowered the MP-5.
He could hear gunfire somewhere above him. As the retreating Somalis crossed the dry wadi, two Delta warriors shooting from a window were picking them off like deer bounding through an open field.
Sandy started walking away. From over his shoulder, he heard Perkins's voice following him.
"See you on the roof at 0500, Captain. When we get back, let's have a beer. We called him Wolf. Coupla other things about your daddy you maybe ought to know."
* * *
Caldwell was on the roof when Sandy got there at 0450. The sergeant said, "You feelin' lucky, Captain? Five-card stud? Still time before the birds come in for a few hands."
Perkins was sending up the dead: Wilson, Strunk and Hassan, all killed during the sapper attack. With Gomez and Atkinson, that made five. Then Sandy saw Doc Carter bundled in a poncho. Six warriors down from the A-Team, four from Delta.
Ten men.
Down the rathole.
For nothing.
At 0455, he heard the roar of gunfire to the north beyond the Bakar Market. Long tongues of flame from the Spectre were licking down toward Abu Bakar's underground command bunker. Sandy could hear the rumbling explosions of rockets and cannons. He looked through his night-vision gear and saw hundreds of gunmen running toward the sound of the guns.
At 0500, the first Black Hawks reported they were three minutes out. Sandy turned to Caldwell. "Round up the wounded and the journalists. I want them out first." A few minutes later, the sergeant came back, the reporter barking at his heels.
"I'm not ready to leave yet," Abbie said hotly. "You still haven't told me what the hell is going on."
"That's right, and I'm not going to."
"I'm staying."
"No, you're not, lady. Show's over."
The photographer walked over, put his hands on her shoulders. "Come on, Abbie," he said. "We have what we came for. I gotta get the pictures back. Julian's gonna eat lunch on this one all over town."
"Oh, screw you, Kurt."
The chopper fluttered down; she shook off Kurt's arm as she crawled aboard. After Sandy and Caldwell helped the Professor and Mayemura load the wounded into the cargo bay, the first Black Hawk lifted off. The second was inbound when General Rushman came up on the radio.
"Hawk 6, this is Thundering Eagle. Where are those hostages?"
"On the way, sir. I sent our wounded out on the first bird."
The news went down badly with General Rushman. "That was a mistake, mister," he shouted. "I need those hostages. The wounded would have kept."
"Some of them were hit pretty bad, sir."
General Rushman brushed it away. "Put the hostages on the next bird, Captain. That's an order. And you come with them. Don't buck me." The voice disgusted him, the order disgusted him, the whole fucking operation disgusted him. But there was nothing he could do. At least he'd gotten the wounded out first.
He clapped Perkins on the shoulder. "I'm out of here, Sarge." He paused. "Look, I'd really like to have that beer tonight."
As Sandy's Black Hawk came down, Perkins and his four-man rear guard and the gunships laid down a blistering wall of fire to cover the withdrawal. Then the bird wheeled and headed for the airstrip. Sandy leaned back and closed his eyes.
"Captain, you're bleeding."
The voice came from a Delta trooper sitting next to him. A large splotch of blood was spreading across Sandy's shirt. He hadn't felt anything during the fight. He tore open the shirt and felt blood on his fingertips. A trickle was running down his chest. A piece of shrapnel no bigger than a small finishing nail had passed through one of his dog tags and Melba's Saint Christopher medal. The dog tag and the medal were nailed to his chest. The shield of Saint Christopher had kept the needle of shrapnel from penetrating his heart. He put his face in his hands. _Gracias, tiita_.
* * *
The last bird dropped down and picked up the cargo net like an eagle snagging a salmon. Perkins hit a detonator switch. As he and his men hauled ass into the bird, the bottom floor of police headquarters exploded.
Spectre and the other gunships scorched the earth with covering fire. Legs dangling out the chopper door, Perkins watched the ground recede. The extraction was flawless.
He didn't hear the RPG round that caught him in the chest and blew him back into the cargo compartment. A dud. Looking down, he saw the stabilizer sticking out below his ribs. There was no pain. Reaching back he felt the blunt nose pushing through under his shoulder. Strange. He felt himself starting to drop through blackness. Like a night jump. "Lieutenant Caine," he mumbled. "Wolf, where are you?"
* * *
At the airstrip, Sandy ordered Caldwell to take the hostages to General Rushman's trailer.
"General's gonna want to see you, Captain."
"Fuck him."
Caldwell saluted, pushed the two blindfolded prisoners into a Humvee driven by an MP and took off. A few minutes later, the last Black Hawk, flying low and trailing smoke, dropped hard on the airstrip. Sandy threw off his body armor and started to run.
Perkins was lying on the floor of the chopper. His chest was covered with blood. His eyes were fixed on the cabin bulkhead. In his hand, he held an empty can of snuff.
#
TWELVE
#
**Washington, D.C. * Fort Myer * 17 October, 1993**
Indian summer in Washington. The grass on the parade field at Fort Myer still as green as the fairways at Burning Tree Country Club, the trees along Jackson Avenue turning to gold.
In the warm yellow light of the afternoon sun, the Stars and Stripes drifted in the languid October breeze. From the towering white flagstaff, a long shadow pointed like a finger to four rifle companies marching onto the parade field in full dress blues. The Third United States Infantry Regiment. The Old Guard.
In the reviewing stand, two dozen green metal chairs were arranged in three lines behind a neatly lettered sign that read FAMILY AND HONORED GUESTS.
At five minutes to four, General John Pershing Caine made his way to the stand, passing through a large crowd of military officers, wives and VIPs. Gus Buell, once General Caine's executive officer and still his chess partner, was standing among them, his face glowing from the three martinis he had downed at lunch.
The General was well into his seventies, lean, remote, not the sort of older man people call fatherly. In a city where power players so often slump to disguise their sucker punch, his ramrod bearing made him look taller than his five-feet-nine-inch frame. His eyes were blue, intense, impatient; his silver hair was still full.
The General was fit, rich and independent, above politics. Unlike so many of his old friends, he didn't need money, so he had not been drawn into the mire of the defense lobby. He had chosen instead to serve on advisory boards and the occasional blue ribbon panel on national security. Years of these good works had made him a regular visitor in the offices of the Secretary of Defense, the military chiefs of staff, the Director of the CIA and the National Security Advisor. He had met President Wilton when Wilton was still a green first-term congressman looking for honest advice.
Normally the General wore a dark business suit, but for this occasion he had put on his Army greens: four stars stood out on his shoulders, and nine rows of ribbons from World War II, Korea and Vietnam rode high on his chest. As he walked up, a platoon of colonels and one-stars who knew more about selling weapons systems on the Hill than leading men on killing fields saluted and made room for him to pass.
His uniform stood out from the off-the-rack stuff all around him. It came from Thompson and Squires, the Saville Row tailors who did his business suits. They also cut the riding breeches he wore every afternoon during his ritual daily session with Black Jack, his Morgan stallion.
The woman with the General didn't look like anyone from horse country. She was not quite five feet tall and she almost had to run to keep up with him. She was not so much plump as sturdy, in the way of Central American Indians. Her jet-black hair was threaded with silver, her skin, still smooth around the corners of her dark eyes, was nut brown. She was wearing a bright blue wool coat over a yellow dress embroidered with tropical red flowers.
Melba Casadero, daughter of a fisherman, a Marxist, dead long ago in Honduras, was the General's housekeeper. To her mind, all revolutionaries were demented fools and the soldiers who killed them, animals. But she had come to look on the General as an exception, an odd but acceptable American king of beasts.
She loved his grandson as if he were her own boy. Her worst fear was that Sandy would die the way her father and brothers had died, like his own father and great-grandfather. Whenever the talk around the General's house in Arlington grew too military or ideological, Melba withdrew to her own room. What did it matter which side a man was on when the guns exploded and you spit blood and cried for your mother?
As they took their seats, the General looked over the row of officers quartered beyond the parade field. A deep sense of satisfaction came over him whenever he found himself at Fort Myer. Something sturdy and earnest about the place. Something decent. It always moved him.
The U.S. Army Band struck up a Sousa march, and the guard of honor began to advance across the parade field, polished brass gleaming like burnished gold. The General took out his dark glasses and settled in his chair. In precise ranks, rifles at right shoulder arms, Bravo, Charlie, Delta and Echo companies came down the field toward him in all their glory, the taps on black patent leather shoes adding thunder to the sound of marching feet.
One by one each of the four companies peeled off and marched to their positions in front of the assembled guests. Between Charlie and Delta companies, the colors of the nation and the Army rippled through the autumn haze.
Out front, the Commander of Troops studied the formation, then nodded to his adjutant.
"Preeeesent H'arms," the adjutant bellowed.
_CRAAAAACK_.
The sound reminded the General of a lightning bolt. The members of the Old Guard had metal wedges sewn into pockets in the palms of their white gloves to double the noise when they slapped their rifles.
The adjutant shouted again.
"Order H'arms!"
_CRAAAACK_.
For thirty years General Caine had waited for this moment. The pleasure he felt was sharp, fierce, like standing over the fallen on a battlefield, breathing in the grace of being alive. The boy had acquitted himself well. Extremely well. Jack Church was about to pin the Distinguished Service Cross on him. For the Caines, West Point had always been their finishing school. Duty, Honor, Country was bred into their bones. But before Sandy, no Caine had ever gotten his first award for valor straight from the Army Chief of Staff.
"Persons to be decorated, front and center, H'arch!"
A drum roll, a burst of brass from the Army band. Sandy and three of the four survivors from his A-Team executed a column left and marched to the reviewing stand.
"Sir, the persons to be decorated and the colors are present."
As the Commander of Troops made his report, Melba leaned over toward the General. "He looks just like the pictures of his father," she said, beaming. Everyone on the platform could hear her. The General nodded patiently, wishing she'd had the presence of mind to whisper. But he said nothing. The boy looked good. Damn good.
The Commander of Troops snapped a salute to General Jackson Church. What was left of the A-Team stood face-to-face with the man whose job put him four steps down from President Wilton in the chain of command that had gotten the rest of them killed or wounded.
The band broke into "The Star-Spangled Banner," and everyone in the crowd stood up as General Church moved forward. One step to the Chief's rear and exactly 15 inches to his left, the sergeant major assisting him carried a tray of medals.
The strong voice of the lieutenant acting as narrator came over the public address system:
"Attention to Orders. General Order Number 51. Department of the United States Army. The Distinguished Service Cross is awarded to... Caine, Alexander Grant, 844-66-0575, Captain, Special Forces, United States Army, August 21 to 22, 1993, Somalia. For extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations involving conflict with an armed hostile force in Mogadishu. With total disregard for his own safety..."
Rolling across Summerall Field, the battle honors echoed off the brick barracks of the Old Guard as the narrator recited the details of the firefight. Then the Chief of Staff pinned a blue ribbon with an attached cross to Sandy's chest. Again the lieutenant's voice boomed like a howitzer:
"Caldwell, Nathan Preston, 748-49-777, Master Sergeant, Special Forces, United States Army. His extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty reflect great credit upon himself, his unit and the United States Army."
General Church was shorter than Caldwell; he had to reach up to pin the DSC on the sergeant's green tunic. Caldwell looked pleased. The public address system made a high-pitched _EEEP_. The narrator, breaking through the static, said:
"Perkins, Daniel, 886-47-0705, Sergeant Major, Special Forces, United States Army. Distinguished Service Cross—posthumous."
At the announcement, a ripple of surprise ran through the military and political guests. The review was to honor the living heroes of Mogadishu. With general elections not so far over the horizon, the dead were already a political embarrassment. Strictly according to regulations, as well as what passed for good political judgment, the right way to honor Sergeant Perkins was quietly, privately. The White House Chief of Staff looked at the National Security Advisor, who looked at the Secretary of Defense, who held his hands palms up and shrugged.
Rising from a green chair in the first row, a tall young woman stepped down the stairs to the parade ground, her short, butter-blonde hair bobbing slightly as she moved. Her legs were bare and tan, and her Blahnik's were patent leather black and quite high. Her name was Carrie Perkins. A gray silk jersey dress clung to her tightly, stopping several inches above her knees. Shining in the sunlight, her hair and pale gray eyes obviously transfixed General Church. For a moment, it looked as if he were considering pinning the medal on her chest. Pulling himself together, he handed her a small flat blue box.
"Your father was a brave man," he said, adding inanely. "He would have been proud of you."
"I'm the one who is proud, General," Carrie Perkins replied, flashing "thank you" and "drop dead" in equal parts. Taking the box in one hand, she pressed it against her breast as she returned to her seat.
More flourishes from the band as General Church pinned Silver Stars on Mayemura and Santana. Kruger was still in Walter Reed Hospital with a leg full of pins, recovering from the burn grafts. Earlier that morning, the Chief had gone to the hospital. Kruger's wife, Sigrund, had stood by his bed while Church pinned the Silver Star on his pajama pocket.
After the last award, Sandy said, "Right, H'ace. Forward, H'arch," and the four warriors marched back to their places. The Chief stepped forward, the Commander of Troops bellowed, "Pass in review," as the third herd moved down the field. When the American flag floated by, everyone stood, soldiers saluting, civilians holding their hands over their hearts. As Echo Company passed in review, the band broke into "The Caissons Go Rolling Along."
In the last rays of sunlight, the guests and dignitaries rose, exchanging small talk. Working through the crowd, Sandy came up to the General and Melba. Bracing like a plebe, he snapped a salute. The General's hand shot to the brim of his cap.
"Well done, Captain," he said. He sounded more like a tac officer at West Point than a proud grandfather. But then he slapped Sandy on the back. "Damn good job. I'm proud of you, son."
Sandy saluted again, and as if he had suddenly remembered something, wheeled around, took three quick steps forward and kissed Melba on the cheek. Then he was gone.
The General looked across the crowd until he spotted Gus Buell. Buell's suit jacket was unbuttoned. A thin band of white lining could be seen where his paunch had turned the waist of his trousers over his belt. Buell had his hand up, flashing a V for victory.
From the first day, before the body bags were zipped in Lang Vei, they had both known what had to be done. For twenty-seven years they had done it, done the right thing.
Now it was over.
For just an instant, the General allowed the possibility to enter his mind. Then, he felt a surge of revulsion welling up inside him like black blood oozing from a severed vein.
It would never be over.
#
THIRTEEN
#
**Fort Myer * George Patton Officers Club**
At the same moment, on the other side of the Potomac, a vintage silver Porsche purred out of the garage beneath the Dirkson Senate Office Building. Senator Taylor was running late. The Senate Armed Services Committee hearings on the F-44 fighter had dragged on past four. When he had seen that he would miss Sandy's award ceremony, he had looked restlessly at his watch. As usual, Patrice had materialized out of nowhere "It's an eight-billion-dollar contract, Senator," he had whispered. "Stop worrying. I'll get you there in time."
So Senator Taylor had relaxed. Sandy's parade would be different, of course, but he was no fan of awards ceremonies. Half the medals the Pentagon sowed among its favorites were phony, like the senior clerk's good conduct medal they were now handing out to desk officers, mocking up the ribbon to make it look like the Silver Star. And when a real one came along, the narrators read from their scripts and never knew what hell the winner had seen. Absently, he raised his hand to touch the rosette. They never knew. No one knew.
Patrice aimed the Porsche down Independence Avenue and made a hard left onto the approach to the Fourteenth Street Bridge. Threading his way through the gathering rush-hour traffic, he crossed the river, drove past the Pentagon and turned into Fort Myer. He was wearing Gaultier sunglasses and a good Versace knock-off in a taupe color that matched the fall foliage. Looking over at Pat, Senator Taylor allowed himself a fond smile. You could tell he'd never lived on a military base. Ten minutes in boot camp would have killed him.
Slipping by the carefully manicured lawns of the officers quarters, the Porsche came to a stop under the portico of the Officers Club.
Patrice checked his instruments. The readout on the digital clock said 4:50 P.M. "Plenty of time for a drop by."
"You park the car," Senator Taylor said, picking up the attaché case from the seat beside him. Inside it were the latest R and D reports of the F-44. Some problems in there. He'd have to look them over again tonight.
Opening the door, he unfolded his lanky frame and eased out of the bucket seat. As he passed under the silver portico, he slightly favored his right leg.
Seven titanium pins held the shattered bones together, but the rest of him was perfectly fit. Before breakfast each morning, he did one hundred laps in the Senate pool. Three days a week, he followed his swim with twenty minutes of weight lifting in the Senate gym. His hair was still dark. His voice was surprisingly low. To hear him better, women unconsciously leaned toward him.
He had a gray Borsolino in his right hand as he reached the door. The hat was a prop, a tribute to his grandfather, Jefferson Kenefick, mayor of Cincinnati, poker crony of Harry Truman, "the mug in the beat-up fedora," as the newspapers affectionately called him. The senator had resurrected the symbol when he entered politics. People remembered the hat, liked it. It helped neutralize the surprise Democrats felt when he told them he was a Republican.
At the door, the NCO stiffened to attention and saluted when he saw the blue rosette. Inside, the familiar feel of the green carpet underfoot gave him a momentary twinge of nostalgia. After the MOH, the Pentagon had wanted to show him off. For two years he had served as aide to the Commanding General of the Military District of Washington, headquartered at Fort Myer.
The introduction to Washington had been instructive. After the Tet Offensive, he had watched from the Pentagon while the White House and the politicians on the Hill—the same crowd that had been so eager to pass the Tonkin Gulf Resolution and go to war—cut and ran. And if twelve years in Congress had taught him anything, it was a sure bet they'd do the same damn thing the next time they got a chance.
He could hear the friendly murmur of the reception drifting down the stairs. Find the General first, he thought. Make amends. They'd known each other for more than forty years, from the time he was just skinny Jeff Taylor, Alex Caine's best friend. He idolized the General, a man of action, uncompromising on matters of principle, so different from his own diplomatic father, always an art-of-the-possible man, always a trimmer.
He was a year older than Alex, Sandy's dad. The General's son had trotted amiably after him through Andover, then West Point and finally into Special Forces, and ODA 351 until a foggy morning up in I Corps when North Vietnamese Regulars came screaming through the wire.
Including Lieutenant Alexander Caine. Including Captain Jefferson Taylor.
That was the way it had been until Captain Taylor woke up three days later at the 121st Evacuation Hospital in Nha Trang to discover that he alone was still alive and that General William Westmoreland was flying up to pin an interim DSC on his chest. The Medal of Honor would come later.
Shaking off the memory, he looked up at the full-length portrait of George Patton guarding the doors. It was the George Patton Officers Club now. More Americans recognize George Patton than George Washington, he reflected. That's what a good movie will do for you.
He frowned. Patton Syndrome. For fifty years the United States had been obsessed with war. Obsessed with preparing for it, obsessed with protesting it, obsessed with everything but understanding it, facing its consequences, getting better at it. What was it the Bible said: The poor are always with us? Yes. And soldiers. And the bastards who didn't give a damn about sacrificing them. After the individual soldier crossed the line of departure, after the guns opened up, there wasn't a damn bit of difference between the warmakers and the peacemakers. On any given day, either or both could get you blown away.
Down the corridor, the edgy noise of clinking glasses and power talk drew him toward the Koran Room. It sounded as if the Army had invited half of Washington to the reception. An unusual honor for one captain and four sergeants. Wilton wasn't the only one playing games. Mogadishu had been a classic rat fuck and the Army was out in force to redeem it.
The double doors were open. To his relief he saw the shag end of a line in front of the coat room. He was late but not beyond redemption. As he gave the Borsolino and the attaché case to the attendant, he spotted the General beyond the buffet table talking to General Church. The Chief of Staff had served as a junior aide when the General was the four-star Commanding General of CONARC in Virginia. Now they had eight stars between them, but Senator Taylor knew the younger man still felt like a captain in front of General Caine.
He ordered a cranberry juice spritzer from the bar and walked over to them. "Sorry I'm late, General Caine." He tried to make the apology sound contrite without actually cringing. "The chairman kept the F-44 hearings going right up to the last feed for the evening news and I couldn't sneak away."
"Then, of course, it couldn't be helped," the General replied evenly. "Sandy will be glad to see you."
General Church finished the scotch in his hand and signaled a passing waiter to bring him another. "Good to see you, Senator," he said. "I was just telling General Caine that the operation may have been a disaster but the ceremony today has turned into a public relations dream. Sandy looks like a young Robert Redford. His men are heroes right out of central casting. We're going to score big time."
Good Lord, Senator Taylor thought to himself. How much of this crap would the old man tolerate? "Not that we deserve it," General Church nattered on. "They went nuts up the road when Sandy refused to accept the DSC because his men were getting Bronze Stars. He said give him the same thing."
Excluding himself from the faceless "they," the Chief of Staff waved his free hand in the general direction of the White House. "The citation had already been drawn up and leaked to the _Washington Chronicle_. We had to get those goddamn body bags off the front page. And the hero was saying, 'No way.' If you hadn't given us a hand, we would have been deader than the Commander in Chief's balls."
Senator Taylor shrugged. Disrespect for the President had started among the enlisted men. Obviously, it had shot up as far as it could go. "I'm up there to help, Jack."
"We all know that, Senator, but how the hell did you bring him around?"
None of his business, actually. But even Senator Taylor, once the youngest major general in the U.S. Army, didn't sass the Chief. "He trusts me, Jack. I just told him he _might_ be able to get the DSC for Caldwell and Perkins and the Silver Star for the others, but you'd ram a detector up his ass and dispatch him to Kamchatka to clear land mines before you'd go any farther."
The Chief laughed and drained the second scotch.
"That all, Senator?"
"No, sir. Then I called the SecDef and told him if the Army couldn't see its way clear to calling Dan Perkins's name at the ceremony today, I didn't see how I could speak at his son's graduation next spring. St. Albans would have to find itself another mothballed two-star to tell its kids the facts of life."
"Did you also tell him you'd have his job? Until you move over to the Rose Garden."
"Not me, Jack," Senator Taylor said, holding his hand over his heart. "There are limits in this town." After the Mogadishu fiasco, the President had held off on the Bonham nomination. But Patrice had been busy. His private polls were fantastic. On job ratings, the voters gave Wilton a generous benefit of the doubt. But the support was soft. Six out of ten thought Senator Taylor showed more character, greater leadership ability. Patrice was already talking about a "Draft Taylor" campaign.
"However you did it," General Church said, "I want to thank you. Did you see the camera crews out there covering the parade—the enlisted men getting high awards along with their captain? I gotta tell you, not many officers in the Army today would have done what Sandy did. Particularly the Generation Xers. Self-serving bastards. But now the Army's got a new hero. An officer who looks after his men. His guys told CNN and CBS they'd die for him."
The General cleared his throat. "What about the others, Jackson? The ones who didn't come back. Why did they have to die?"
General Church looked stunned. "Sir, I'm not sure I understand—"
"Why was Mogadishu a disaster? Wasn't it planned adequately?"
"I don't fault our planning. We did everything right. But we had the White House all over our backs. It wasn't our idea to put a price on Abu Bakar's head. They don't know the first thing about the military."
"Why didn't you sound off, Jackson? If you'd stopped it, those men would still be alive and we wouldn't be standing here discussing your brilliant media campaign."
General Church reddened.
"With all due respect, General Caine, I don't think you understand the complexities of peacemaking operations."
"Complexities? This looks quite simple to me, Jackson. You didn't do your duty."
Senator Taylor hid a smile. Score one for the General, one for the grunts. He let Church dangle for a minute or two, then started looking for reinforcements: when the General was on a roll, it took a tank task force to restore order.
He saw a full galaxy of stars twinkling on shoulders around the room. Then he spotted Sandy talking to a huge black guy, master sergeant, and a woman, quite pregnant, with a towheaded little boy pulling at her arm. He caught Sandy's eye, nodding imperceptibly at the General. It was an old signal between them. Gently taking the arm of the pregnant woman, Sandy steered her toward the General and the perspiring Chief of Staff, the two NCOs bringing up the rear.
Always the good tactician. "General Church," Sandy said. "You remember Mrs. Kruger?"
"What a pleasure to see you again, Mrs. Kruger," General Church said warmly, more grateful than she would ever know. "And who is this lad with you? I don't think I saw him at the hospital this morning."
She blushed—"This is my little Wieland"—then beamed when Church shook the hand of her five-year-old son.
Sandy kept pouring it on. He nodded to Caldwell, whose DSC hung above his campaign ribbons and badges where General Church had arranged it half an hour earlier. "General Church, General Caine, this is Master Sergeant Nathan Caldwell. Baddest warrior I know."
"At ease, Sergeant," General Church said cheerfully, the two scotches beginning to take hold. "General Caine and I were just talking about your mission. You and your people fought well. The Army is proud of you. Was there any single piece of equipment you didn't have that would have made a difference in how you fought the fight."
Caldwell thought about it for a moment. "Don't make much sense to me that we had more U.S. Army tanks at Waco than we had in the 'Dish, General. A platoon of Abrams tanks would have gotten us out of there in a New York minute."
"My point exactly, Jackson." A look of panic crossed General Church's face. Turning to Mrs. Kruger, he said, "May I show you to a table? Wives of heroes shouldn't have to stand on an important day like today. Especially since they give us more heroes." Oozing charm, he took little Wieland's hand and made his escape.
Following the Chief of Staff's line of retreat with satisfaction, the General shifted his attention to Caldwell. "I've heard a lot about you, Sergeant. All of it good."
"I've heard about you, too, sir. None of it too bad."
The hint of a smile flickered on the General's face; he subdued it. "Anything else, Sergeant?"
"Well, sir, it's a damn shame Perkins isn't here today. He was a good man. The best. He told me he knew your son."
A small vein on the General's temple began to throb. Senator Taylor took a quick step forward. "Who is that amazing-looking young woman over there?" he asked.
Across the room, a waiter was offering a tray of hors d'oeuvres to a very attractive, very bored blonde. "That's Sergeant Major Perkins's daughter," Sandy said. "I want to talk to her about her dad."
"I can see why."
"It's not what you think."
"We should make sure she's worthy, just in case."
"Okay, okay. Just don't give me a hard time."
They walked over to where Carrie Perkins was standing with Eddie and Keiko Mayemura, his wife of one week, and Betty Mayemura, his mother. A clap on the back for Eddie. A few quiet words with Miss Perkins. Then Sandy led all of them back. Senator Taylor smiled. More tactics. Mass forces and overwhelm.
Sandy introduced the Mayemuras. Then he turned to the young woman.
"Senator Taylor has asked to meet you," he said. "It is my duty to warn you that old soldiers never die. He is armed and should be considered extremely dangerous."
"Captain Caine exaggerates, Miss Perkins. I'm completely harmless. May I get you a drink?" He offered her his left arm. Carrie Perkins laughed. "It is my duty to inform _you_ , Senator Taylor, that I only advance. I never surrender."
At precisely that moment, Patrice materialized for the second time that afternoon. It was as if he had come up through the maroon carpet. The gossip columns liked to cluck over Senator Taylor as the town's most eligible bachelor. The truth was that while he appreciated a beautiful face, he felt awkward with most women. His Chief of Staff was usually hovering somewhere guarding his flanks.
Patrice had Julian Lynch in tow with a frizzy redhead Senator Taylor had never seen before. Carrie Perkins took in the black suit and the vintage Gucci scarf at a glance and looked away. The Washington dress code for professional women obviously bored her as much as the official canapés.
"Senator Taylor," Patrice said, "please meet Abigail Mancini, the lady on the roof in Mogadishu, the _Washington Chronicle_ 's own woman of the year." For a moment the four of them stood there awkwardly. The redhead's black silk blouse showed just a hint of cleavage below the scarf. She, too, seemed more interested in soldiers than senators. Suddenly Senator Taylor felt old.
"Meet my boss, Julian Lynch," the reporter was saying to Sandy.
"Where's your press pass?" Sandy said abruptly. "I didn't know you were on the list."
"Badges?" Julian Lynch said in a fake Spanish accent. "We don' need no steeenking badges—we're the national press." When they looked at him blankly, he rushed to recover. "General Church gave me a call," he stammered, dropping a name where references to an old John Huston movie couldn't do the job. "He thought we should be here."
"Congratulations, Captain Caine," the reporter said, ignoring her boss. "I see you have a new medal."
"Old news, Miss Mancini. You've already written about it. Why don't you ask Senator Taylor about his Medal of Honor?" Before she could reply, Sandy turned away from her. "Miss Perkins," he said, "your father told me something that surprised me. I'd like to talk to you about it. What about that drink?"
A kiss-off. The senator's eyebrows rose slightly. The redhead's eyes were smoking as Sandy and Miss Perkins walked off, navigating the circles of power eddying around the Koran Room. "I admire your work, Miss Mancini," he said. "You remind me of Gloria Emerson and Dickey Chappelle in Vietnam. They both covered combat as well as a man. Did you know them?"
"I was two years old, Senator."
He cleared his throat, tried again.
"Of course. Please forgive me. But I have been reading your work. It's very impressive. The _Chronicle_ is lucky to have you."
"Indeed it is," Julian said. What he offered, he just as quickly took away. "We're sending her to Bosnia this week. Let's hope Somalia wasn't just beginner's luck."
"People tell me you're presidential, Senator Taylor."
"People say lots of things in Washington, Miss Mancini. Maybe you'd like to hear my version?"
She laughed. "Any time." He saw her looking at him, checking him for flaws as confidently as any man sizes up a new woman. Her eyes passed over the rosette as if it didn't register. Perhaps with her, it didn't count.
"What about right now? If you're free for dinner?"
"Be careful," she replied. "I may take you up on that interview."
"I thought that was the point. Shall we go?"
* * *
Like Sherman through Georgia, the General thought, watching them leave. Shifting his gaze, he looked at the Mayemuras. "You're from Hawaii, I understand. I spent three years there a long time ago."
"Well, aloha, General," Mrs. Mayemura said, winking at him. She was a big woman with black eyes and retouched hair, but she must have been lovely when she was young. Mrs. Mayemura said, "My father owned the Lanai Club in Waikiki. Did you ever go there?"
The formality returned instantly to his voice. "No, Mrs. Mayemura," he replied. "I never had that pleasure."
That was not entirely true. The General had never been through the doors of the Lanai Club, but he knew the name. The Lanai Club was where his daughter-in-law had gone for her daily anesthetic after Alex was killed. He had been furious with her, always knew she was no good. But after the wreck he had them carve a beautiful headstone for her anyway: _Barbara B. Caine, 1942–1967, loving wife of First Lieutenant Alexander Grant Caine, Killed in Action, Lang Vei, Vietnam, 1966_.
Her grave was in a remote cemetery for civilians out beyond the Pali. Next to Alex. After what had happened in the Highlands, he couldn't bring himself to see his son buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
There was no way the Mayemuras could know anything about any of that.
"Too bad you didn't check us out, General Caine. Best fish and pork in the islands. Best mai tais."
To the acute embarrassment of the perfectly turned-out younger woman, Sergeant Mayemura then began to tell the General the best way to dig a luau pit. "Just like a foxhole, sir, but not so deep. You could do it with your entrenching tool."
Sandy had come back with Carrie. He laughed and draped his arm around Mayemura's shoulder. "I doubt that the General has had an entrenching tool in his hand since World War II. I hate to break up a good luau, Sergeant Mayemura, but the General's got to leave and I see a lady behind him who needs a life preserver. Why don't you and your wife take Carrie over to the bar? I'll join you in a few minutes."
Sandy had caught a glimpse of Melba standing alone by a potted palm, both hands clutching her purse. No one was talking to her. Putting his arms around her sturdy waist, he lifted her in a hug that left her feet dangling six inches above the floor.
" _Dios mío, halcón_ ," she cried. "Put me down or I'm going to spank you."
The General watched impassively. It no longer bothered him when Melba sounded like the boy's mother. Why shouldn't she? She had done so much more for him than Barbara "B for Brakowski."
Lowering her to the floor, Sandy planted another kiss on her cheek. Then he grabbed her hand and headed back across the room to where Sergeant Santana was sitting at a table, deep in conversation with an old guy whose rumpled suit and tortoiseshell glasses flashed: Standard Issue, Yale, O.S.S., CIA. When he and Melba came up, the old guy, already in advanced schmooze mode, was saying in a clipped Connecticut accent, "We really need you for this one. We can arrange everything. You should give it a try—you could do yourself some good."
"Why would I want to go to Afghanistan again, man?" Santana was saying. "Once was enough."
"Excuse me," Sandy said icily.
Flushing, the spook rose quickly and disappeared.
"So, Captain, _quién es la señorita?_ " Santana, now standing, asked Sandy, putting on his best East LA macho.
" _No es señorita_ ," Melba said, wagging her finger. " _Es su tiita_."
"Professor," said Sandy, putting one arm around Santana's shoulder and the other around Melba's waist, "I want you to meet the woman who gave me a life."
"Auntie," Santana said, bending to squeeze her hand. "You saved one _mal hombre_."
#
FOURTEEN
#
Arlington * Virginia
At the General's house in Arlington, breakfast was only slightly less formal than dinner. When Sandy came into the dining room at seven the next morning, showered and shaved after a five-mile run along the Potomac, his grandfather was sitting at the head of the dark Chippendale table reading the Pentagon _Early Bird_. He didn't look up from the daily news digest.
"Maybe this isn't a good time, sir," Sandy said. "Maybe we should talk later."
The General took off his reading glasses and put them down next to a small crystal glass of grapefruit juice. The crystal, the china egg cup in front of him, the silver and the table had all come with Elizabeth, a Brahman on both sides of her family, Boston Powells and Putnams. She had been dead more than fifty years. He never remarried. Melba called him the Monk. "If you have something you need to get off your chest, go ahead, spit it out," he said.
Sandy unfolded his napkin. Melba had put out a small dish of her guava jelly to go with her special banana walnut coconut muffins. The General had one slice of unbuttered toast next to his soft-boiled egg. Spartans versus Persians.
"Perkins said I fought just like Alex. I don't get it."
Sandy didn't use the word _father_. He always said _Alex_.
"What is there to get?"
Sandy looked down at the muffin, hesitated, then plunged ahead. "Alex didn't exactly cover himself with glory."
"True."
"Look, there was something about the way Perkins was talking."
"Sandy, this is nonsense."
"We were going to have a beer later, but there was no later. He never made it back."
"Are you saying you got him killed? You didn't, you know, so make an end of it."
"No, that's not it."
"So we're back to Prince of Denmark? Well, it happened, it's over. All the brooding in the world is never going to change it. Not for Hamlet, not for you. Let it go."
"This is about Perkins, sir, not me. Alex crapped out. He got himself and everyone but Jeff Taylor killed. You know it. I know it. Gus Buell knows it. Everyone but Sergeant Major Perkins knows it. So what the hell is going on?"
The kitchen door suddenly flew open and Melba came out holding a pot of coffee in a padded cozy that looked like a duck; the spout arched out under the duck's bill. Leaning over the General's shoulder, she refilled the Spode cup.
"Good morning, Sandy," she chirped, craning over to look at the news reports. "General, did you see what they are saying about that airplane? Very fast. Very, very fast. So fast it can't stay over anything long enough to hit it."
She had been standing behind the swinging door listening to them.
"Why, Melba, I didn't know you were an expert on Mach 1.6 aircraft and war fighting," said the General, pretending to glare at her. "The first reports on the F-44 look good. Gus Buell gave them to me a week ago. Now, you go back in the kitchen and leave us men alone."
Melba stiffened to attention and raised her arm in an exaggerated salute. "Yes, my General," she said, picking up the coffeepot and marching to the kitchen. Her small feet thumped across the polished wooden floor. The door swung closed behind her.
"Look, Sandy," the General began, less brusquely this time. "Perkins wasn't there when your father was killed. Okay, your father could have saved his life. Perkins would have idealized him after that. It's only natural. Probably no one but Perkins even remembers that fire-fight. He might have built it up in his mind."
Sandy spread some guava jelly on his muffin. "I don't think so, sir. You're the one who taught me to trust my gut," he said, putting the muffin down uneaten. "What was it you said? 'Good military instincts, the Caines are born with them.' Wasn't it something like that?"
The General flushed.
"You're going off half-cocked again. I thought you'd outgrown it."
"Begging your pardon, sir—"
"Forget the pomp and ceremony, young Captain. When you made the fuss over including Perkins in the awards ceremony I asked Jack Church to run a check. And you're right about one thing. Perkins had balls as big as watermelons. He was there in every scrape we've had for the last thirty years. Vietnam, El Salvador, Grenada, Panama, Desert Storm. I suspect he caught too many incoming rounds."
"That's a crock."
"Believe it, Sandy. The word on the man was that he'd lost his edge, he was battle rattled."
"He had enough edge to save our ass. You've been talking to the wrong people. I fought with him."
"Let it go, Sandy."
"Look, sir, I know I'll never begin to have your combat experience. No World War II, no Korea, no Vietnam. But I've been through enough to know a guy like Perkins. And I know he _wasn't_ battle rattled."
The General smacked the table with his open hand. "I said, let it go. You're listening to the wrong bugle call, Sandy. You're hearing _charge_ when it's sounding retreat."
Sandy stood up and walked down the length of the table.
"I think you're wrong," he said to the General, "and let me tell you something else. There is no way I'm going to let it go."
He pushed open the kitchen door. With a little gust of air, the door swung shut behind him.
* * *
Melba was sitting at the kitchen table bent over a copy of _Money_ magazine folded back to the week's cover story: _You and the Mutual Fund Revolution—Start Small Win Big_. Sunlight angling through the window fell across her square brown hand. She was annotating a chart with a Magic Marker. Sandy saw a tiny green check next to the Vanguard Fund and a rather large question mark next to the Magellan Fund. "It's all about leadership," she said without looking up from the magazine. "Stocks, bonds, whatever—you got it or you don't."
Shoving aside the magazine, she aimed the marker at his chest. "Don't be angry at him, _halcón_. He thinks only of you." Clearly, she had heard every word. Her antenna was better than anything they had out at Langley.
Sandy put his hands up in surrender as he sat down next to her. "How do you know what he's thinking? I can't read him. I don't have a clue. I thought he'd be happy to hear that his son wasn't a total flake. But he just tore my head off."
"He lives with much pain in his heart."
"What about me? Alex was my father, not just his son."
"You act like two little boys." Melba shrugged. A Pop Tart jumped up in the toaster. Reversing field, she fingertipped it out and handed it to him. "I saw you go off with that Perkins girl yesterday, the one with the yellow hair and the skinny legs. What did she tell you?"
" _Nada_. Not a damn thing. She's a designer. Doing something with the architects working on the Korean War Memorial. She told me guns 'weren't her thing.' It's hard to believe she's Perkins's daughter. But I liked her."
"I like the other one better, the one with the crazy red hair."
He brushed a tiny sliver of icing off his arm.
"Too strong for me, not my type."
"The redhead is smarter."
He reached over and patted her hand. "We're talking dating, not breeding."
"Jus' be careful. You are my _halcón_ —I see how the women look at you. One day you will think you are dating, but the woman, she will think you are breeding."
He walked over to the butcher-block counter next to the refrigerator. "You going to quit worrying and let me borrow your phone?" Picking up the receiver, he punched out a number.
"Cajun Central. What can we do for you?" At the other end of the line, Patrice St. Jean's voice sounded unusually cheerful. "I need to talk to Jeff, Pat. Can you do it?"
"No way, Sandy. He'll be tied up until midday."
"Listen, I know he's busy, but this is important."
"Okay, _chér_ , let's see what I can do."
While he waited on hold, he thought about Carrie Perkins. Her father had put all he earned into making her a lady: convent school, Sarah Lawrence, money for the right lessons, the right clothes. They'd never talked about Vietnam. Sandy had taken her back to the Madison Hotel, but when he tried Wolf on her, all she said was "I'm afraid I can't help you."
Then, suddenly, at the door to her room, she had leaned in and kissed him, a hungry kiss that lasted a long time. She was lean and tightly wound—the kind of woman who'd rather fuck than eat. He pulled her to him, which was what she wanted, and she wrapped her hands behind his neck as though she never meant to let go. He could feel the bones in her back, so near the skin, and the heat as she pressed into him. She gave off the scent of fresh figs.
"You smell like dessert," he mumbled to her.
"Good. You can nibble me anytime, starting now," she said, grabbing his tie and pulling him inside the room. He heard the lock click behind them. Carrie Perkins did things her way. Not unlike her father. And her way had been fine with him.
He toyed with the memory until Patrice came back on the line.
"Okay, _chér_ , be here Friday around noon and the senator will squeeze you in."
"Come on, Pat, that's three days from now."
"Best I can do."
Sandy rang off and hit a second set of numbers. This time a woman answered. "Mangan and Buell," she said in a voice as crisp as a new $100 bill.
"Morning, Alice, is Gus around? I'm looking for a deal on an aircraft carrier."
"Oh, you," she said. "It's been a long time, Sandy." She put him straight through to the senior partner.
"Uncle Gus, I need to talk to you. What about lunch?"
"Can't today. Remy Fair's up from South Carolina with a couple of our favorite T. C. Johnsons. I'm taking the three of them to The Palm with Jeff."
"What about later?"
Buell cupped his hand over the receiver. Sandy could hear him yelling to Alice in a muffled voice to reschedule his massage. "Four o'clock all right?" he asked a few seconds later.
"I'll be there."
As he stood, Melba looked up from her magazine. "Why bother asking? You always take my phone, you always take my car. It's out front—if the Geo is still fast enough for you."
"You trying to get rid of me?"
"Why don't you go out and drive around for a while? Do something." Frowning with concentration, she picked up her Magic Marker and returned to the mutual-fund revolution.
* * *
A few hours later, he was pushing the little yellow Geo into town. Skirting the Beaux-Arts pile of the Executive Office Building, he turned and headed up Connecticut Avenue to a red-brick tower halfway between Lafayette Park and Dupont Circle.
The House that Buell Built.
The building was seven floors high. The windows were dark polarized glass. The architect's intent had been to create a body of elegance around 115 lawyers, lobbyists and rainmakers. To Sandy, the place always looked as if it were wearing shades.
He parked in the private basement lot and took the elevator to the seventh floor. The secretary showed him into the corner office with its view up Connecticut Avenue. Buell came out of the private bathroom mopping his face with a towel, a few strands of silver hair plastered sideways across his bald head. They didn't hide the brown liver spots.
"Come in, sit down, can I get you a drink?" He gave Sandy a hug.
His pink jowls felt smooth against Sandy's cheek, and his breath gave off the smell of breath mints and gin. Sandy dropped into a soft chair covered in black leather. "Not on duty and never before five, Uncle Gus."
"You amaze me, kid. How does the younger generation ever get anything done?" He poured himself two stiff fingers of scotch.
Sandy grinned at him. "Good discipline and the power of prayer, sir."
Buell groaned. "Okay, okay, okay, what was so important I had to delay my massage?"
No point in being cute. "I want to talk about my father, Gus."
"Jesus Christ. What the hell for?"
"I need to hear how he died."
Buell sat down behind his desk. His faded hazel eyes looked relaxed, but Sandy could see that his foot was silently tapping the thick carpet. On the wall beside him, a photograph from Vietnam showed him as a rangy Special Forces colonel in combat fatigues standing next to a Huey with Captain Remy Fair and General Westmoreland. Thirty years shot to hell, Sandy thought. Buell was now as soft as a blimp with a slow leak. He wondered about Fair.
"There ain't much to tell," Gus said. "Lieutenant Alexander Caine was killed in action in the Central Highlands when North Vietnamese regulars overran his Special Forces camp. I was over the fight when he died. Only one man survived the battle. End of story."
"That's all?"
"That's it."
"Bullshit, Uncle Gus."
Buell leaned over the desk. The eyes were no longer mellow. "You want to explain yourself, young man?"
"Try this. You remember Christmas 1979? Jimmy Carter was living up the street. The Iranians had a bunch of American hostages in Teheran." Buell nodded. "You and the General spent all Christmas Eve talking about how bad it was. The Army was chewed up from Vietnam. Charlie Beckwith's Delta Force blew it in the desert."
"Anyone with two marbles to rattle together remembers how bad things were. What's your point?"
"After dinner the two of you started drinking brandy. The General said to you: 'I can accept my son's death, but never the circumstances.' What about that, Uncle Gus?"
Buell tilted back in the chair. "Christ, you must've been twelve years old."
"I was hanging over the balcony that night. I used to lie up there and listen to the two of you tell war stories."
"I'll be damned." His eyes moved to the photograph on the wall.
"A couple of days later, I asked the General what the word _circumstances_ meant. All he said was 'It's what surrounds something that has happened—it's about cause and effect.' You know how he is, Uncle Gus. He can be pretty vague. So I said, 'You told Uncle Gus you were having a hard time living with the circumstances of my dad's death.' He looked like I'd caught him with a twenty-dollar hooker in Elizabeth Powell Putnam's sacred marriage bed."
Buell shifted his weight in his chair, rummaged in his pocket and took out a roll of Certs. "And what did he say?"
"He told me he was disappointed in me. He said good soldiers don't listen in on gentlemen's conversations, gave me twelve demerits, told me to bone up on Napoleon's Russian campaign for our dinner seminar the next night. That was it."
"That's all?"
"No."
The old soldier's mouth went hard. Sandy could hear the mint clicking against his teeth.
"So?"
"So I went and asked Jeff."
"What did he tell you?"
He said, 'There was a firefight and everyone but me was wiped out. You have your dad's Bronze Star, kid. You know what a medal for valor means."
"Anything else?"
"Yeah. One more thing. He said, 'Look, kid. You've got to stop brooding about your dad or it will eat you up, you'll never be your own man.' "
"Good advice."
So I put the medal on top of my bureau where I could see it and after a week or two I forgot about the whole thing."
Sandy rose from the chair, the soft leather pulling at the seat of his trousers, as if to warn him he was making a mistake. "But I don't think I've ever heard the whole story. That's why I'm asking you."
Gus knocked back a finger of his drink. "I gotta tell you, Sandy, I think you're chasing your own tail." He set his drink down. Putting his hands flat on the arms of his chair, he looked at them as if they belonged to someone else.
"Look, the night before I went to the Point, the General gave me a farewell dinner. Just the two of us. He brought his agenda to the table that night, the way he always does, and he started checking things off. Finally, he said that before I went up to the Point there were things I should know. He told me a few of his golden oldies, you know, every man has a limit to what he can take under stress and there's no stress worse than battle, that sort of stuff."
"Same old BS?"
"Not exactly. The General told me, Gus. He said, 'Buell was flying over the firefight the day your dad was killed. He saw your father shirk his duty.' And I said, 'How'd he get a medal, then?' And the General said, 'Sandy, listen to me. Gus was a good soldier. A lot of brave men died that day and Gus made sure that every one of them was recognized. He lumped your dad in with the others... to protect me and our family's honor.' "
Buell stood up and started to raise his hand. For a second Sandy wasn't sure whether he meant to cut him off or belt him.
"I'm not through, Uncle Gus. The General told me something else that day. He said the only people who knew, besides him, were you and Remy Fair. The three of you covered up for thirty years, but I've known about it for the last ten. So stop bullshitting me."
Buell slumped back into his chair. Rain spattered the dark glass window. It was almost black now. Reaching under the desk, he pushed a button that turned on the lights. Then he got up and walked over to the Vietnam photograph.
Backlit by the lamp, the old soldier's reflection appeared on the glass of the framed picture, the soft, lumpish contours of the present superimposed on the hard-core image of the past. Sandy saw the merciless double exposure and felt sorry for Gus. Suddenly, he wished he hadn't come.
"Maybe it is time you heard the truth. It's worse than you think." He paused as if he hoped Sandy would back off.
"Tell me, Gus."
"All right, here's what I saw. I was over that battle, right on top of it, drilling holes in the fucking sky. Remy was with me working the radios. We went down to twelve hundred feet and I could see everyone running around. I saw every damn thing that was going on. And I saw your dad. He didn't perform the way he should have."
"How can you be so sure? You were looking at a fight from almost a mile away."
"Fair enough, but those binoculars weren't opera glasses, Sandy. I'm not sure what your grandfather told you, but your dad did something I'd call despicable."
"That's what I need to know, Gus."
"There was a bridge connecting the outer and inner perimeter where Jeff was running the show. Your dad blew that bridge. To save himself he cut off his own men's escape route. If those guys could have folded back into the inner perimeter, they might have had a chance. We had all that air over them. We could have blistered the gooks with napalm. The relief element was scratching at the wire. Charlie Beckwith was leading a bunch of Rangers and SF guys up there to bail them out. If they could have held out for another hour, they probably would have made it. But your dad's behavior denied them the chance. Christ, when we finally got in there we thought they were all dead until someone grabbed Jeff to put him in a body bag and he twitched. That's the way it was, Sandy."
The old man put his hand on Sandy's shoulder. "Look, son. The issue isn't what kind of guy your old man was. The issue is who you are. Who you're going to be. The way things are going, you're guaranteed two, three, even four stars. You gotta let your father rest and get on with your life. Forget him. You owe it to yourself and the General. Hellsfire, kid, he's been waiting fifty years for a warrior and you're it. You've given him his life back. Don't fuck it up."
Buell reached over and patted Sandy on the back, the way an older soldier might pat a younger man after a firefight.
Sandy cleared his throat. "Thanks, Gus." His voice sounded hoarse.
Buell looked at his watch. "You gotta let me go now. Mona only waits so long."
After the door clicked shut behind Sandy, he returned to his desk and punched one of the memory buttons on his telephone console. The phone rang twice; then, before the voice at the other end of the line could identify himself, he broke in first.
"The boy's been up here chasing ghosts. I thought you'd want to know."
The line went dead. Softly, he replaced the receiver. Looking up at the photograph, he stabbed the intercom button. "Goddamn it, Alice, where's my limo?" He needed that massage.
* * *
The General put down the phone and tapped the desk slowly with his fingertips. He was sitting in his study, a large, walnut-paneled room with tall windows and floor-to-ceiling bookcases filled with volumes on military history. The desk was made of dark brown oak, with a green leather top and mother-of-pearl inlays. General Sherman Caine, his own grandfather—Army Chief of Staff to William Howard Taft—had used it in the War Department when the Departments of War and State both fit snugly in the Executive Office Building. The security of the nation had been shaped over that desk. The General hadn't laughed the day Sandy came in from Washington and Lee High School and told him it looked like a pool table.
The boy's getting in over his head, General Caine thought to himself, rising and pulling the drapes shut against the early fall darkness. Time had stopped in the room. It conveyed the atmosphere of the early 1940s, the time when he was away with the 82nd Airborne in North Africa, the time when Elizabeth died. He had promised to be with her when the boy was born and he had broken his word. His punishment had been a son who from the first had been nearsighted, graceless. His curse. His eternal disgrace.
The General picked up the phone. An aide immediately put him through to the Army Chief of Staff.
"Yes, sir, General Caine."
"I need a favor, Jackson, and I hope you're not so angry after yesterday you're going to turn me down."
"Never happen, sir."
"It's about Sandy. I'm worried about him. He got himself blooded and now he's moping. We've got to get him back up on his horse. What he needs is more action. Can you find something for him?"
"Sure can. Consider it done."
Mission accomplished. A faint smile crossed the General's face. "Thank you, Jackson, he won't let you down. He's good, Jackson, very good. And Jackson..."
"Yes?"
"The next time I tell you what your duty is, you have my permission to tell me mine is to shut my trap."
"Thank you, sir, but you happen to be right. The boy _is_ damn good."
* * *
A soft tap at the door woke Sandy. Fumbling for the switch on the night-light next to the bed, he checked his watch: 0600 hours, too late to wake up, too early for trouble. He swung his legs around to the floor and sat clearing the fog from his brain.
The tapping escalated into pounding.
"Come out of there, _halcón_. The Pentagon is calling you. Major Hayes from Army Personnel. Maybe you should take it in the study."
Grimacing, he opened the door, kissed her on the cheek and padded down to the phone.
"Captain Caine, sir," he said. "Didn't know you folks got up so early."
"Managing you water walkers is a full-time job, Captain. Report back to Bragg ASAP. The mission is classified. You'll be vacationing somewhere that won't hurt your career."
"Roger that, sir."
He went into the kitchen, where Melba was making French toast.
"So? _Qué pasa?_ "
"Beats me. They want me back at Bragg. Like five minutes from now."
Bad roll of the dice. He'd planned on a couple of weeks leave. It had seemed a safe call. The two of them had talked about flying down to Honduras to see her family, do a little fishing, lie on the beach. Now he saw her hiding her disappointment, concentrating on the yellow batter as she poured it over four slices of fresh bread. "I'm sorry," he said. She shrugged, scraping the sides of the bowl. Patting her shoulder, he reached for the phone and called Patrice at home.
"Change of plans, Pat. I can't make Friday. My leave's been canceled. Got to leave for Bragg tonight. Could you tell Jeff I really need to see him before I go?"
"I'll try. What's up?"
"Who knows? They told me the mission's classified and to move my ass."
Patrice clucked sympathetically. "How'd you like to open a restaurant with me?" he said. "I'll do the cookin', you do the bouncin'. Beat hell out of the hours we're keeping now."
"Pat's Big Easy?"
"You got it."
"Where do I sign up?"
"Chez Patrice, boy. We'll kill 'em. Be right back at you, _chér_."
He called an hour later. "The senator says to meet him at The Cactus Flower. Eighteenth and F Street. You know the place? Southwestern cuisine, stucco on the walls, little stuffed cactuses. Margaritas at seven. Don't order the jalapeño chicken. It's poison."
* * *
At 6:45 Sandy walked into The Cactus Flower. The maître d' looked dubiously at his jump boots, then brightened up considerably when he asked for Senator Taylor's table.
"This way," he said, steering Sandy through the cozy A-list tables. Sandy sat down, ordered a José Cuervo Gold and studied the room. He had been in The Cactus Flower once before. It was the kind of place with a men's room out of _Architectural Digest_ , so modern you didn't know where to piss and where to wash your hands. A perfect metaphor for the entire town.
Jeff came in at ten after seven. He waved at Sandy, then stopped to schmooze with Wingate Tanner, the CIA's veteran number two, who was sitting at one of the tables with an overdressed brunette in a clinging black sheath.
"Okay, hero, how was it?" he said, slipping into the booth across from Sandy and reaching for the margarita the waiter had delivered without taking an order.
"How was what?"
"Carrie Perkins. Great legs."
Sandy drained his tequila.
"That any way for a United States senator to talk?"
"You wanna hear those guys talk, go sit in the gallery. You won't last ten minutes. Numbnut phonies. All of them." He corrected himself. "Most of them."
"Sounds like you're getting bored, Jeff." He nodded in the general direction of Pennsylvania Avenue. "You thinking about moving up the street?"
"What do you think? Pat says I ought to quit guessing. Get out there and find out."
They both laughed, the same overheated laugh that erupted periodically from the other A-list tables around the room. The waiter came back. Jeff ordered the mesquite mixed grill, blue corn tamales and a pitcher of Dos Equis. They tucked into the meal, exchanged small talk. When the coffee arrived, Sandy said, "You knew my father better than anyone, right? Gus says he saw Alex go to the bottom of a bunker right in the middle of the fight."
Jeff sighed. "That's true. But we were in there together. The shit was coming down all over us. Thought we'd all be blown away right along with the gooks. Then they came in over the wire and that was it."
Sandy stirred his coffee. "You could protect me when I was twelve, Jeff. Not now. Alex didn't cut it."
"Hey, don't tell me you didn't want to shit your pants ten times a minute in Mogadishu."
"More like twenty times a minute, but the point is, I didn't."
He looked over his cup and saw Senator Taylor's eyes boring into him.
"Okay, killer, everyone knows you've got the guts and brains to go all the way. But that firefight of yours was over in less than a day and you had the advantage of surprise and the offense until Rushman got your dick stuck in a crack. We were out in the jungle with the bad guys for six months. Those last four days they were hitting us with everything but Ho Chi Minh's jockstrap. No air support. The fog was so thick you couldn't see the gooks ten feet away, but you could hear them screaming, 'Die, GI.' All you could do was lie there with the rain pouring down your face and take it. The mud caked your boots so bad you could hardly lift your foot. The place smelled like shit, piss and garbage. Then mortar rounds started hammering in, shrapnel buzzed past your ears and the guy next to you didn't have a head anymore—just a bloody stump of a neck—and the guy you'd soldiered with for two years was blown out of his foxhole, lying ten feet away from his legs, spurting blood like a fire hydrant. That's what was going down, Sandy."
"Gus saw him chicken out, Jeff. Gus and Remy Fair."
"Fuck Gus, fuck both of those rear echelon pukes."
"Hey, come on, Jeff. They're the ones who wrote you up for the MOH."
Senator Taylor leaned toward Sandy. "Look, all any of us did was try to stay alive. How do you think I feel, being the only one who made it out? First five years I had sweats and nightmares every damn night. I still can't get Vietnam out of my gut. Okay, I'm glad to be alive, but I don't see any honor in it. The Army pinned the big one on me for the same reason it stuck the DSC on you—to tie a few ribbons around a fuckup."
He yanked angrily at the rosette. "The only reason I wear this thing is because it's put me in position to see we don't do it again. The rest of the glory trip is pure bullshit. After your father and the others were killed, I couldn't bring them back, but maybe I'm alive so I can fight the bastards who got them blown away, who keep getting us blown away. It isn't much, but it beats hell out of nothing."
"Aren't you leaving something out?"
The senator stared at his coffee. "What am I leaving out, buddy?"
"Honor. What about that one, Jeff?"
"No guts, no glory? Come on, Sandy, I thought you were bigger than that."
"Not the same thing, Jeff."
Senator Taylor shot him that pained-father look they always laughed about after their fights—the young officer with no father, the older man with no son, each man testing the breach in the other's defenses. "Come on, do you really think people care about honor anymore? It went out when MTV took over."
"Not a soldier's honor."
"KIA, Sandy. People get honor and victory mixed up."
"Come on, Jeff. Where do you think I got this from?"
"Beats me."
"From you, goddamn it. From the General and you. You're the ones who beat it into me. Do the hard right thing, Sandy, no matter what the price is, Sandy. Even if you have to die for it, Sandy. Remember the Spartans at Thermopylae. How many times did you tell me that one when I was a kid, Jeff? You saying now it was all bullshit?"
"Easy there, buddy. All I meant is you're getting yourself way too hot over the whole thing. Obsessions suck. And I don't want you and your grandfather shooting at each other. All those holes would screw up his Wall."
Jeff knew where to aim. The Wall occupied the west flank of the General's library, eight generations of Caines framed and arranged in chronological order. Some days Sandy wondered whether his life was his own or whether from the day he was born, it had been designed for the Wall.
The waiter came with fresh coffee. When he was gone, Sandy said, "Did I ever tell you what happened the first time the General really told me about the Wall?"
"I don't think so."
"I must've been about seven. Some second-grader was ragging me every day about not having a father. So that night I went in and said, 'How come I only have a granddad and a Melba? Where's my daddy and mommy?'
"He said, 'I know how you feel. I didn't have a father either.' Then he took me into the library, which was forbidden territory, and showed me the Wall."
The memory came creeping back, the past blurring the edges of time. At the far end of the room, the General had hung Gallaway Patrick Caine's commission in the Continental Army in a hand-carved cherrywood frame. The first of the Caines had come from County Cork. He was an indentured servant, hated the British, spent six years fighting in the Revolution. After mustering out, he was given 1,000 acres of bottomland in Virginia. In 1785, he married Catherine Murphy. A year later, when they had a son, they named him George Washington Caine. After Gallaway's old Commander in Chief. Sandy smiled. "They were all up there, Jeff, every one of them a soldier."
Sandy put his napkin over the salsa spot in front of him. Looked better that way. "He told me he wanted me to know what kind of family I came from, Jeff. I'd never heard him talk that way. He said the Caine tradition always helped him to never feel alone."
Farther down the Wall, beyond the painting of Col. G. W. Caine at the Battle of New Orleans with the 7th Infantry—the Cotton Balers—was another picture, this one in better shape, of Andrew Jackson Caine, the first of the Caines to graduate from West Point. Class of 1830. He had served with distinction in the Mexican War. By then the Caines had in iron their tradition of fathers naming first sons after great commanders.
The first photograph on the Wall was a dark, black-and-white picture in the style of Matthew Brady. It showed a soldier wrapped in the colors of the Union lying dead on top of a pile of corpses. Samuel Houston Caine, A. J. Caine's boy. He graduated from the Point with the Class of 1855. On July 21, 1861, he was serving as a commander in General Irvin McDowell's army when McDowell and 38,000 green Union troops advanced on 12,000 Confederate forces dug in along a little creek near Centerville, Virginia, called Bull Run. The Yankees drove into Thomas J. Jackson's position. When the sergeant carrying the colors fell, Sam Houston Caine picked up the flag himself and led his men forward. If the rebel commander had been anyone but Stonewall Jackson, the battle might have gone the other way. But Jackson's counterattack overwhelmed the advancing Yankees. After the battle, when they found Sam Houston Caine's body, he was still holding the colors.
"That picture was like a job description, Jeff. I never had to ask what the General expected of me. He showed me the picture of his own father. He had him up there with his citation for the Distinguished Service Cross. Terry Grant Caine. KIA November 8, 1918.
"The guy was a captain. Out of the Point, Class of 1916. He was a company commander fighting west of Reims when the Germans launched the Second Battle of the Marne.
"They swept around his unit on both flanks, leaving him surrounded and cut off 15 miles from anyone else. Every other officer in the unit went down. By that time, of seven hundred men, only fifty were left.
"The perimeter kept shrinking. He became battalion commander as the sole surviving officer. The Germans sent a full general under a white flag of truce to talk to him. The guy said, 'Your men are being sacrificed for a piece of dirt that means nothing. Surrender and we will give you safe passage to your own lines.' Terry Caine said they'd die first. They'd never give up. He was wounded six times and down to a few dozen men, but his outfit didn't crack. Rock of the Marne."
Senator Taylor sipped his coffee. "It never changes, does it?"
"Not in our family."
Sandy pointed to the senator's rosette. "Close as the Caines ever came to the big one, Jeff. They sent him to the hospital and put him in for the Medal of Honor. After the doctors patched him up, he returned to the front. He was killed three days before the Armistice. So the war was over and they busted back the medal, the way they always do. That was something I learned later. But I'm telling you, man, by the time the General finished that night, the Caines sounded like something out of the Greek myths. I had forgotten all about Mommy and Daddy. All I knew was I wanted to be a soldier."
Senator Taylor pushed aside his cup.
"Then why are you raising so much dust? I don't see any mystery. You can read it round or you can read it square. It was rough over there."
Sandy reached for the check. "I've got to shove off. My plane leaves in two hours."
The senator brushed away his hand. "No way, Sandy. It was my invitation."
The senator came around the table and put his arm over Sandy's shoulder. "You're pissing in the wind. Be careful, or you'll find yourself drowning in it. Where are they sending you?"
"I don't know. All the assignment officer said was mission classified."
"Sounds like Bosnia."
"That's a UN show. No Americans."
"Where there's a will there's a way, kiddo. I'm getting nothing but doublespeak from the White House and Pentagon on that little number. Look, stay in touch, will you?"
"Sure. Look, one last question, okay? Was there someone in your unit the guys called Wolf?"
The senator thought for a moment. "We had one guy from Arizona they called Puma, but I don't remember any wolves. Why? What's it about?"
"Just something someone told me. I'd better hit the road." He gave the coat check to the attendant, got his bag and flagged a cab.
#
FIFTEEN
#
**Bosnia * Sarajevo
27 October, 1993**
Lumbering along at 15,000 feet, the snub-nosed cargo plane, a C-130 with Italian markings, bumped through the gray clouds over Sarajevo like a boxer probing for a better punch. Sandy took a pull of water from a plastic bottle and snapped on his seat belt.
The A-Team's survivors—even Kruger, still in the hospital—had all volunteered for the mission, but there was only room for two. So Sandy had asked Nate Caldwell to cover his back.
The orders were to proceed to Bosnia and link up with the British SAS. The Brits were doing recon for NATO under the cover of providing commo facilities for United Nations peacekeepers. On the Farm, the CIA's training facility at Camp Peary, the black bag boys had fitted them out with Canadian uniforms and IDs and pointed them east.
Caldwell stared gloomily at the forward bulkhead of the pitching aircraft as it began its descent. The only quick way into the besieged city.
"Be safer to jump out of this sunuvabitch, Captain. Why don't we ask the pilot to circle once and let us leave by the side door?"
The crew chief yelled over the roar of the four engines to strap in. The plane dropped into a sickening dive, plummeting through the clouds, twisting to avoid Serbian ground fire.
Caldwell closed his eyes. "Oh, man, how I love this shit."
Sandy leaned back into his web seat and breathed deeply. The adrenaline made his body feel quick, light, as if it were flying under its own power. He felt a sharp jolt as the plane touched down, the rear ramp opened, and the crew chief began kicking out pallets of food and blankets. "Let's move," Sandy yelled. Grabbing his rucksack and rifle, he hotfooted it down the ramp, Caldwell pounding behind him.
The airfield lay in a valley surrounded by mountains, a saucer waiting to be smashed. _CRUMP, CRUMP, CRUMP_. From the high ground, the Serbs were lobbing mortars and artillery shells at the runway. They dove into an old shellhole. "Fucking Dien Bien Phu, man," Caldwell cursed into the dirt.
Sandy hit him on the shoulder and ran toward the far side of the runway. Gasping like two lathered quarter horses, they piled into a concrete bunker. Behind them, the C-130 was already picking up speed. Racing down the runway, it lifted off and vanished in the drizzle.
Black smoke curled up above the new craters, mingling with the fog and snow. Sandy smelled leather burning. Across the toe of his left boot, he saw a dark crease where a chunk of hot metal had scorched it. "Was it good for you, Nate?" he said.
"Came twice, Captain. Better than Dak To in sixty-six."
All around them, heads began to poke out of bunkers. Men were scuttling across the field. A bulldozer roared, eating into the earth around the edges of a crater near the end of the runway, as an MP in a blue UN helmet and a Legionnaire's uniform came into the bunker.
" _Où se trouve votre commandant?_ " Sandy asked, wincing at the rust on his French.
"Canadians, yes?" Even the cops were language snobs.
Ten minutes later a French armored car pulled up to the bunker. They got in and took the last two seats. On every side, Greek, French, Pakistani and Italian peacekeepers were exchanging horror stories in four languages.
As the armored car ground into gear, the babble trailed off, lost in the engine's growl. Twenty minutes later, the vehicle stopped, the rear door opened and they emerged into the darkening shadows of a November afternoon. In front of them they saw a very large building with mortar craters running right up to the sandbagged entrance. Skirting the holes, they hit the steps and pounded on the door. A tall young man in faded jeans and a black pullover let them in.
"Captain Caine reporting in, we're looking for Colonel Hunter."
"General _Sir_ Sterling Hunter," the young man corrected him. He had a slight accent, difficult to place, and he was wearing his blond hair in a ponytail. Sandy's shoulders seemed to interest him. Particularly the Canadian patch. Sandy groaned silently. A mistake in rank and title. Not one a Canadian would make. "You'll find him back there," the young man said, pointing toward a heavy wooden door down the hall. "He's expecting you." Sandy knocked. A deep voice called out, " _Entrez_. It's open."
The accent was British, upper class. Sandy pushed open the door. The officer sitting behind the scarred desk across the room, just under 6 feet, 200 pounds, no marbling on any of it. His wavy gray hair was neatly parted and oiled down. Despite the Oxford accent, he looked about as soft as a Welsh miner.
"Captain Alexander Caine reporting, sir." Sandy tried his impression of a Commonwealth salute. "This is Sergeant Nathan Caldwell."
The general looked amused. "Stuff it, Captain. I know all about you. Drink?"
From a desk drawer, he pulled out a bottle of Bombay gin and two glasses. Pouring a couple of fingers into each glass, he pushed two across the desk and raised his own. "Cheers," he said. "Confusion to the enemy—Serb, Croat and Muslim—every bloody one of them."
A first test. The CIA briefing officer had warned Sandy about it. General Sir Sterling Hunter was a blueblood. He'd corrected for it at Sandhurst and spent his entire career in the British SAS. He didn't trust the white wine and Brie crowd, men who drank like debutantes. Gin was his measure of character. Sip or gag, you were dead.
Sandy got down half the glass. Nate knocked back the whole drink and pushed his glass across the desk for another.
"You'll do, gentleman," Hunter said pleasantly. "What did they tell you in the States?"
Sandy put down his glass. "They said the mission was recon for NATO, sir. Gather intell on all factions—Serbs, Croats, Muslims—get squared away to use NATO air, pick targets."
"Go on."
"Canadian cover. But SAS runs the show. They said you'd tell us the rest."
The bull took a deep pull on his gin. "The first thing to know is you can't trust any of these bloody creatures. The Serbs are the worst. The Croats studied with the Nazis. The Muslims are the victims because they're the fewest. But they're the slickest. Give them half a chance, they'll slit your throat, too. So you're not to trust them either. Understood?"
"Yes, sir."
"UNPROFOR is our official cover. Theoretically, we're here to provide communications for UN personnel wherever and whenever they need it. That covers a good deal of ground. I'm assigning you to Colonel LeFebre's unit in Sarajevo. Legionnaires. Tough buggers. You'll be my liaison team there. Colonel LeFebre doesn't know what we're doing and doesn't need to."
"What about gear?"
Hunter studied their Canadian getup. "You can start by getting rid of those bloody uniforms. We wear mufti most of the time. Pick whatever you like. My men wear denims. If you brought a pair, get them out and you'll fit right in. But be careful. The locals are just like the Russians—they'll kill you for your Levi's."
On the desk next to General Hunter's bottle of gin was a trim little submachine gun—Heckler & Koch, semiautomatic, 9-millimeter, with a silencer. He saw how Caldwell was looking at it. Like a new papa outside the nursery window.
"That's what you'll be carrying. See Lieutenant Drago before you leave and he'll issue you yours. Drago's the hippie who let you in."
General Hunter put the bottle back in the drawer. Sandy rose to go. "Just one more thing. I've spent the last five rotten years in Northern Ireland and my own people are still killing each other. This time I intend to do better."
"Understood, sir."
"You're on your own. If you drop out of sight for a few days, I won't come looking for you, but do keep me informed."
They turned to go. "And by the way, old boy," he called after them. "You can drop that tiresome salute. It doesn't become you. You're not going to need it, anyway."
Down in the arms locker, Drago took out two of the little submachine guns. "Best in the world," he said, looking steadily at Caldwell. "Uzis are over, mates."
#
SIXTEEN
#
**Croatia * Zagreb**
The gray light seeping through the bare limbs outside the Cafe Vukovar reminded Abbie of the discharge from an ancient drain. Zagreb was exhausted. After three years of civil war, the city huddled in on itself, feeling for its own erratic pulse like a heart patient waiting for the next attack.
She was sitting near the front of the cafe at a table with a fake-marble top, studying the rings from the morning's first cappuccino. Outside the window, a rattling tram stopped to disgorge its passengers. Stolid Croats, men and women bundled in woolen coats, scuttled off to work. It was very cold. Along the avenues stretching away from Jelacic Square, the chestnut trees had lost their leaves.
Abbie picked up the little gold-rimmed cup and warmed her hands. She was in Zagreb to explain the war to Americans who couldn't tell a Croat from a Serb and couldn't care less. "You're going to have to show me you're not just another Miss One-Hit," Julian had told her the week before, polishing off a dripping porterhouse at the Palm Restaurant. He'd given her a ticket to the Balkans and a month to make him a believer. She looked at her watch and waved for the check.
Where the hell was Kurt?
Wrapping her scarf around her neck, she stepped out into the square. From down the avenue, an ancient Mercedes 220 pulled up next to her. The car had no bumper. Rolling down the side window, the driver began to hustle her.
"Taxee? You like tour? You like dance?"
The voice was high pitched, wheedling. "Buzz off," she said, looking away.
"What about a scoop, babe?"
The window was all the way open now. She saw Kurt craning out, leering at her like an old cartoon of the wolf in _Little Red Riding Hood_. He knew what turned her on. "Get in," he said. "We've got trouble." The word seemed to please him. He always said it with the upbeat accent normal people use when they say fun or hope or money.
"You are such a snake," Abbie said, piling into the Mercedes and falling back in the seat as the car shot across the square. "If this sucks, you're in trouble."
"This is good, babe. I promise. But it took me an hour to find you. Why don't you move over to my place? There's a studio opening up at the Parcewal. You'll like it. We'll save time."
"Sounds good to me. Tell Dava. So what's your big story?"
"Serbs shot up a UN armored personnel carrier."
"You expect me to phone that in?"
"Lotta dead guys in blue beanies."
"Good pictures. No story."
"They had a couple of Americans with them."
"What Americans? Americans aren't supposed to be here."
"Todor told me Americans. He called from Tuzla, said he was driving a load of petrol to the airbase and about ten klicks before Brodinski Brod he nearly slammed into the ambush. Blood all over the road."
"Yeah, right. Todor's got Americans on the brain. He sees them everywhere."
"Because they're here, babe. So why don't we go up to B and B? Take a look?"
The Mercedes had no heater. Abbie zipped up her jacket and rested her head on the dash for a moment, eyes closed, calculating the odds. Five to one no story. But what else did they have to do?
"Okay," she said. "But if this Rhineland Special of yours breaks down on the road, you won't have to worry about the Serbs or the Croats, I'll kill you myself."
"Ain't happened yet, babe." Slipping into third, Kurt jockeyed the Mercedes out of the city and headed east on the autobahn. The Serbs and Croats were shooting at each other across the Sava River where it separated Brodinski from Slovinski Brod, and they had the road to themselves. Anyone with any brains stayed away from the two bullet-riddled cities. Kurt rode hard on the gas and the countryside passed in a blur: grain fields now planted with mines, blackened acres cratered by shells, empty of life. They drove past the charred skeleton of a church. Its toppled bell tower cast a truncated shadow across a cemetery full of fresh graves. From the chestnuts bordering the cemetery, an old man was cutting limbs for firewood. When they stopped for gas in the village beyond the church, they could still hear the sound of his ax echoing off the walls of a house with no roof. Out of an abandoned bedroom, a startled flock of pigeons flew up through the rafters, whirring away over the dark fields.
As they got nearer to Brodinski Brod, the land became hilly. Under one of the higher ridges, the Croats had set up a checkpoint at a bridge crossing a small stream feeding into the Sava. Kurt leaned on the brakes as two soldiers dressed in Soviet-style gear and carrying AK-47s jumped forward to block the road. The first guard, a kid with dark hair curling out from under his helmet, leveled his weapon at Abbie and cocked his head, motioning her to get out.
She didn't move. "Just do it," Kurt murmured, turning to get out on his own side. " _Journalisti_ ," he said to the second soldier, pulling a pack of Winstons from his shirt pocket and offering him a butt. When he reached for it, Kurt tossed him the whole pack. Suddenly losing interest in Abbie, the kid leaned against the hood, and for a while, the photographer and the two soldiers stood there smoking, exchanging small talk.
Abbie looked across the bridge. About 100 meters up the road, a white APC with black United Nations markings lay on its side. Behind it, a white Toyota riddled with bullet holes tilted into a ditch. Two UN peacekeepers in blue berets and a Croat officer were down on their hands and knees looking at the back of the four-wheel. Kurt reached into the Mercedes and pulled out his camera bag. "This is the place, babe," he said, pointing to a hill on the far side of the stream. "These guys say the Serbs whacked them from up there behind the tree line. They say four dead. One American. Both shitfaced. Lotta plum brandy since breakfast."
"Let's go," Abbie said, brushing past the kid who had pointed the submachine gun at her. As she headed for the bridge, tendrils of hair trailing down her black jacket, the boy hesitated for an instant, but then let her pass by. He put his hand on his crotch and grinned at the second soldier. Kurt grinned back, then jogged up the road after her.
When the blue berets saw Abbie, they scrambled to their feet and began brushing the mud off their knees. "Abigail Mancini, _Washington Chronicle_ ," she said, praying English would work on them. "I thought you guys weren't supposed to have any Americans with you."
"I don't know what you're talking about, lady. What are you doing out here?"
The word _about_ came out as "aboot." Canadian. The officer was wearing a green parka, but the insignia on his shoulder straps identified him as a lieutenant colonel in the 22nd Royal Canadian Regiment. Mid-forties. He seemed more surprised than angry.
"Just covering the war, Colonel," she said, brushing a whisp of hair back from her forehead. "Someone I know drove by here right after the ambush. Told me he'd seen a dead American." She turned and pointed back to the Croat checkpoint. "Those two little shits down there say the same thing. So what's happening?"
The name tag on his parka said Allender. He was short, compact. Still good-looking for a guy heading into middle age, she thought. But he was taking his time.
"Come on, Colonel Allender. I've got two sources telling me an American was killed out here today. Are you going to deny it?"
"Maybe you're right, maybe you've got it all wrong," he said.
"No riddles, Colonel."
"Come with me." Leading her over to his white four-wheeler, he drove her up the road a few hundred yards, where he stopped and pointed to the ridge above them. "The Serbs were up there." He swept his arm down the road. "The mine was over there, planted off center. The right track of the vehicle went over it. Set it off. When our men came out, the Serbs shot them first. Then they shot up the Toyota."
He was looking at her calmly, waiting for her reaction. "I don't want to sound heartless, Colonel Allender," she said, "but that happens around here every day. What about the American?" She could see Kurt walking backward, shooting the wreckage as he moved toward them. A thin plume of gray smoke trailed away from the APC.
"There was an American television crew with us. The correspondent was riding in the APC. He got shook up, but he was all right. The cameraman wanted to ride up front in the Toyota so he could get some footage. Bad move. We shouldn't have let him do it." He looked down the road. "Most of you reporters think you're bulletproof."
Abbie looked at Kurt. He was twisting his 130-meter lens back and forth without raising the camera or shooting.
"You know Joel Mintner?" he asked her.
"The guy who did that great piece on the Mostar massacre?"
"Yeah. We were together in Beirut and San Salvador. He had big balls. Big, big balls, Abbie."
Kurt was blinking back tears. She had never seen him that way before.
"We were drinking in the Astoria last night. He packed it in early, about midnight. Told me he had to get up early to come out. He needed to get some bang-bang into New York before noon for a special."
Kurt turned, twisted the long lens savagely and aimed it at the dead Toyota.
"I'd say Joel just bought it, babe."
His voice had shifted back to cockiness. But Kurt was faking it. She touched his arm.
"Come on, cowboy. Let's get out of here."
They drove for half an hour in silence. The sky grew darker and sleet began to pelt the little car. Flicking on the windshield wipers, Abbie peered into the gloom. The blade on Kurt's side didn't work and the window began to fog up. He pulled a bandanna from his pocket. Swiping at the condensation, he only succeeded in smearing the glass until the view disappeared completely.
"What the fuck are we doing this for?" he exploded.
"Truth and beauty," Abbie said. Her heart wasn't in it, but she pushed on anyway. "Look, Kurt, Joel knew what he was doing. We all do."
"Do we?"
"You come around a bend and the bad guys aren't where they're supposed to be. Four hours later it could have happened to us."
"Sure, babe, but that wasn't what happened to Joel."
"What do you mean?"
"I checked out the Toyota. The shots came from the rear. Joel was drilled through the back. The slugs went through the rear door. Then they went through the back of Joel's seat, through Joel and into the dash. The holes in the door were small and clean."
"So what?"
"The Serbs were a good thousand meters up that hill."
"They're good shots, aren't they? Not that they haven't had enough practice."
"Bullshit. A rifle round fired from that distance couldn't have punched through one sorry Toyota and one poor sonuvabitch and then buried itself in the dash. Shit, it wouldn't have gone through the bloody license plate. The holes were pointed up, not down, Abbie. The angle of fire was all wrong. And how the hell were the Serbs supposed to get down there and plant a mine in the road with a Croat checkpoint one hundred meters away?"
"What are you telling me?"
"We're talking about a Croat mine and shots that had to come from those drunks who gave us a hard time at the bridge. They're the ones who waved the blue bonnets into that mine. Then they shot up the Toyota and blamed everything on the Serbs. The Serbs would do the same thing if they had the chance, but that's how it went down for Joel. In this shithole, there's no way to cover your back, because in this shithole, there's no front."
He turned and cocked a finger at Abbie. "Pow, and you're dead, babe."
* * *
They drove the rest of the way back to Zagreb in silence. The city was trapped in a time warp. She crossed the lobby of the Astoria Hotel with its polished brass and crystal chandeliers, the paneling in dark walnut, the Oriental carpets, feeling as if she were stepping into a forties film noir. As she headed up the stairs to her room, the concierge nodded to her from behind his enormous desk. The cashier in his Art Nouveau cage offered her a cheerful wave. Give her a trench coat and a black lace garter belt, she'd rule the world. What a shame all she had was a black fleece Polartec jacket and a Toshiba laptop.
Her room was cold, but the sleigh bed was buried under a huge down comforter. She crawled under it with all of her clothes on. Kurt's studio was looking better all the time. At least she'd be able to leave the stove on for warmth.
Lying on her side, she spread out her notes and riffled through them for five minutes. The telephone looked like something out of the prop room for _Grand Hotel_. She picked up the antique receiver and asked the operator to place a call to Washington. While she was waiting, she drifted off.
The sharp jangle of the phone snapped her back to the present.
"Abbie, that you? What've you got? I'm late for lunch."
"Quagmire II, Julian. Did you hear that Joel Mintner was killed?"
"Yes. We're doing an obit. A couple of graphs."
"Are you saying the Croats killed him?"
"Bullshit, Abbie. It was the Serbs. The networks were all over that one."
"Why didn't you wait until you heard from me?"
"No time. The TV guys got to the story first."
"Yeah, well, they got it wrong."
"What do you expect me to do? File an international protest? I don't have time for this kind of shit."
"Do you have time for the administration running guns into Tuzla?"
There was a short pause at the other end of the line. "The Secretary of State was out at the publisher's house the other night. He said flatly that there was no U.S. involvement over there. Wasn't going to be any. Period."
"And you swallowed that crap, Julian? Listen, from what I hear, Yanks are landing every night at Tuzla and unloading AK-47s."
"Stop it, Abbie. Why would Americans be shipping Russian weapons? It doesn't make sense. I don't believe it. And I'm late for lunch."
"I've got a source, Julian. He's getting us in."
"Lighten up, Abbie. Who do you expect me to believe? You or the Secretary of State?"
"Who are you working for, Julian? The _Chronicle_ or Wilton?"
"I don't want you breaking and entering any airbases. Got that?" He paused. "Look, I want you to go down to Sarajevo and soak up the atmosphere. Give me a color piece—winter is a-comin' in, snipers, blood on the white snow, mothers wailing over dead children—you know the drill. Think Sarajevo, Abbie, not Tuzla."
"Julian, don't do this."
"I just did. Get moving."
"Julian, I'm—"
"The car's here. Gotta go."
#
SEVENTEEN
#
*** Sarajevo ***
A four-wheel armored vehicle took Sandy and Nate to Colonel LeFebre's headquarters. It was dark now. The streets were deserted. They passed shot-up cars jumbled along the roadside like broken toys. An overturned tram blocked the mainline leading away from the airstrip. Candles flickering in the blackened windows of trashed apartment buildings offered the only source of light. Why in God's name would anyone stay? It was like living in an enormous junkyard.
Colonel LeFebre had set up camp inside a giant warehouse. Using sandbags and crossbeams, the Legion had created a bunker within a bunker. An NCO gave them cots for the night. Nate fell into his and was instantly gone.
There were no lights in the shower room. Sandy groped his way to a stall, turned on the water and relaxed as the warm spray took the stiffness out of his neck and shoulders. As he was drying off, he heard the door to the room open. An old sergeant came in leading a young private into one of the dark stalls. Sandy heard the shower go on and the men grinding, then a low moan.
He waited until he was sure they were gone. Shivering in the blackness, he found his way back to his rack and tumbled in. The next morning, when he told Caldwell what he had heard, Nate shrugged. "Lucky thing you didn't interrupt them, Hawk. Man, the Legion invented 'Don't ask, don't tell.' They would have sliced you four ways...." He paused, obviously relishing what was coming next. "Long," he said slowly, "deeeeeep, wide and free-quent."
Colonel Armand LeFebre was in Paris on leave. They spent the next week reconnoitering the mountains outside Sarajevo, picking the best observation points, spotting the Serb positions. At the end of that time, they'd barely scratched the surface of the mission. NATO was going to need a lot more time and a lot more Sneaky Petes to get the job done right.
Colonel LeFebre got back toward the middle of the second week. When Sandy went in to introduce himself, the Frenchman was standing by the door to his office, a blue cloud of Gauloise smoke floating up around him. He looked like a geek from central casting. Full of Gallic rage. It showed.
"Yes, yes, you are Canadian, _n'est-ce pas?_ " he said, dismissing Sandy's cover.
" _Oui, mon colonel. Bien sûr. Mais je parle francais_."
"Congratulations, Captain, but what I need today is someone who speaks English." He bolted back into his office. When Sandy ducked in after him, he was sitting on the edge of his desk next to a shell casing filled with stale Gauloise butts. For a moment he studied Sandy as if he were a headmaster preparing to examine a dim pupil. "I have this problem," he said. "I am asking myself if you could be the solution."
He went on thinking aloud, clipping his words to fit his logic. "The public affairs _crétins_ are sending a reporter to me, an American. This reporter wants to go out with my troops. I want you to take him. Drive him around. Show him a nice cow or that nursery school the Muslims show everyone."
"I may not be your best guide, sir. I've only been here a short time."
Colonel LeFebre stuck out his lower lip. "Phhh, don't be modest, Captain. Just take the reporter and keep him out of my sight."
"Perhaps—"
"Take him anywhere, I don't give a damn. Just get him away from here."
He pulled a rumpled blue packet from his pocket and offered Sandy a Gauloise. "No, thank you, sir. I better find Sergeant Caldwell and round up a vehicle."
"Round up. What is this round up?"
Sandy flushed. "Old Canadian saying, sir. _Un camion, c'est tout_. I'll need transport, that's all."
"Not a problem, Captain. Tell the adjutant of your requirements."
* * *
An hour later, the armored car came rolling down Vrmensky Prospect. Back in uniform for the little field trip, Sandy felt like a condemned man as he watched the vehicle draw nearer. When the car stopped in front of headquarters, he walked around, opened the steel door and looked inside. The lights were off, and the car appeared to be empty. Then, a small figure rose and turned toward him. Even in silhouette, she was unmistakable.
"Captain... Captain Caine?" she said. "Is that you?"
Motherfuckingsonuvabitchingshitalmighty.
She stepped lightly down from the car. "What kind of uniform is that you're wearing?"
"Please, shut up, Miss Mancini," he implored her. "Shut up. I mean... sit down. Please, sit down." He grabbed her arm and led her to a long bench outside the sandbagged bunker. "What are you doing here?" he said quickly. Stalling. The way she moved, it would take her maybe two seconds to blow the mission.
"I could ask you the same."
"Don't." Big mistake.
She started to take out her notebook. "Look, I'm sorry," he stumbled, wondering if it would make it even worse to beg. "You're not going to put this in your paper, are you?"
"I sure as hell am." He frowned. "Hey, we're old combat buddies," she said. "Remember? You can level with me."
"You know as well as I do I can't tell you why I'm here. Let's just say I'm working with the good guys."
"Good guys? In this place? Who are they? I'd really like to know. The last American I heard about was dead. And now you show up in a funny uniform."
"Hey, time out. Let me explain."
"Fine." She folded her arms across her chest. "Explain."
A white UN Toyota pulled up, and Nate's head popped out the window. He saw her and grimaced. "G'morning, Miss Mancini." She peered in at him, eyeing his shoulder patch.
"Hello yourself, Nate. You defected, too?"
"Yep, Maple Leaf MREs are the best in the west."
"Isn't that great. So why don't you nice Canadian boys take me to whatever's happening? Let's party."
Ten days in country and they were fucked. Sandy wondered how long it would take for the Army to can him after the _Chronicle_ ran her story. At least he could stop scratching all those old scabs about quitting—he was already on his way out. "You drive, Nate."
"Drivin' Miss Daisy—that's the easy part, Hawk. You just sit back there and sell her on our new look."
Sandy climbed into the backseat of the four-wheeler next to Abbie. Dodging mortar craters and debris, Nate worked his way through town, then turned east on the road to Illiceza. Entering the rocky hills overlooking Sarajevo, they swerved to leapfrog a Pakistani convoy, then moved steadily upward into the mountains.
"You owe me an explanation, Captain," Abbie said, craning back to watch the city drop behind them.
"I don't owe you anything, Miss Mancini. For that matter, you don't owe me anything, either. What we're doing is a matter of national security and I can't talk about it. But maybe you owe your country something."
"Nice try. You don't win the lotto."
"You know how you sound?" he said. "You sound like some tight-assed judge."
"Hey, who do you think you are—Canada's Oliver North? Let's keep things straight. The country doesn't even know you're over here. It doesn't want you here."
"We're trying to find out things. Same as you. Things that might save American lives."
"Save it, Captain. I'm a soldier's daughter. My dad came back from Vietnam saying when the officers start talking the way you're talking right now it's always just before a whole lot of people get killed." She pointed out the window. "Next you'll probably be telling me you're here to burn down those villages in order to save them."
His stomach knotted. Despite the cold, he suddenly felt sweat beading on his forehead. Where was this Vietnam shit coming from? Never should have gone to see Gus Buell.
_I was over that battle, right on top of it, drilling holes in the fucking sky.... I saw every damn thing that was going on. I saw your dad. He didn't perform the way he should have. It's as simple as that_.
"What's the matter, Captain? Am I making you sick?" She was looking at him quizzically. He took out a bandanna and wiped his forehead. It came away wet. Angrily he stuffed it back in his pocket. "Bosnia isn't Vietnam, Miss Mancini."
"Is that right? Then why are you here in that uniform? Junior year abroad?"
He leaned back in the seat and looked out the window. In a cemetery next to a bombed-out church, an old woman in black from her kerchief to her rubber boots was laying bright red flowers on a grave. Where had she found fresh flowers so late in the year? Then he saw they were plastic.
Maybe Buell was right. Maybe this tomboy from hell was right. What was he trying to prove?
Caldwell slowed down and jammed the horn. In front of them, a convoy of three mud-spattered trucks full of Bosnian soldiers was inching up the road. They were approaching a blown-out apartment complex built in the days when Europeans came to Sarajevo to ski. Nate was leaning over the wheel shouting, "Move it, Abdool, git out the damn way."
The lead truck exploded in flames.
A split second later, Sandy heard the zip of an incoming mortar round, then the chatter of machine guns, screams.
Nate slammed on the brakes, grabbed his submachine gun and did a belly dive into the ditch. Half crawling, half sliding, Sandy dragged Abbie to a low rock wall. Facedown, he lay on top of her, shielding her body with his own, the cordite from the explosives mingling with the vanilla scent of her hair.
Rolling off, he rose to his knees and risked a look over the wall. From a crag overlooking the apartment complex, the Serbs were lobbing mortar rounds at the convoy, stitching it with machine gun fire. One gun, by the sound of the fire. The Muslims were milling around aimlessly, not even shooting back. He couldn't tell whether the Serbs were toying with them before greasing them, or whether they were just too drunk to finish the job.
Then he saw Caldwell ducking low, grabbing dazed soldiers, heaving them into firing positions. "Stay here. Don't move," he whispered to Abbie. He ran toward the cursing sergeant.
"Shoot, you motherfuckers," Nate was yelling, windmilling his arms at the Muslims. "Shit _no_ , not that way, _that_ way."
The panic-stricken defenders couldn't understand him at first, but after a few more heated signals, they began to pepper the high crag, and the Serbs stopped shooting.
Sandy worked his way over to Caldwell. They pulled the wounded out of the burning truck and slid them behind the wall, where Abbie was firing off shots with her Nikon. No way to shut off the story now.
Nate was examining the casualties. "Coupla these dudes in bad shape, Hawk. Gonna check out." Above them the Serbs began shooting again, moving higher, angling for better firing positions.
"We need more muscle, Nate. Take the Toyota. Go back and grab that Paki convoy. Get 'em up here. Use the Satcom, give the CP a sitrep."
"You want the 1st Cav?"
"Whatever tanks you can scrounge."
Tucking his submachine gun into his gut, Caldwell zigzagged back to the Toyota. Sandy blasted out covering fire, while Nate threw the four-wheel into reverse and careened backward 50 yards, disappearing behind a bend in the road.
Sandy finished patching up the worst of the wounded. He gave injections until the morphine ran out. When he stood up, he saw the reporter was no longer taking pictures. "What can I do to help?" she asked.
"What you can do is get back behind that wall and pray reinforcements get here before dark. If they don't, you can forget about partying... Ever."
He fired a short burst of submachine gun fire at the Serbs. The Muslims saw chips of rock flying from the crag and sent up a soft, guttural cry. He couldn't tell whether it was a cheer or a call to prayer.
For an hour, the Serbs hung back. As the sun began to drop behind the mountains, he heard a faint growl far in the valley below them. The sound steadily grew louder. Fifteen minutes later, two French tanks heaved around the bend in the road where Nate had disappeared. Behind them was Caldwell in the white Toyota.
The tank drivers horsed their hogs up the incline. Inside, the gunners trained their main guns on the Serbs. _Gaaaaarummmmmppppp_. Sandy felt the earth shake as the rounds smacked into the Serbian positions. Somewhere up the mountain, a whistle blew. And then the Serbs were gone.
Caldwell stepped out of the Toyota and walked over. "Reporting to General Custer, sir. Everything cool?"
"It is now. Where did you find the cavalry?"
"Fucking Paki chickenshit egg suckers wouldn't move. Even when I stuck this up their ass." He jabbed the submachine gun in the air and spat on the road. "But these French dudes were hot. Didn't have to invite 'em twice."
The reporter was on her feet shooting pictures of the advancing tanks. To get a better line on the tanks, she was edging backward, out onto the shoulder of the road.
" _Fucking freeze_."
Sandy's shout echoed off the mountain side. Mouth like ashes. Body hurtling toward her. Knocking her to the ground. Digging her into the earth.
Reaching gingerly with his fingers, he started to test the ground around them, starting at their heads, then out for about a foot, working down and around their bodies. Six inches to the side of her breast, he felt the taut trip wire of the mine.
"Goddamn it, when I tell you to do something there's a reason," he whispered hoarsely into her ear. Reaching across her body, he rolled her slowly toward him, pulling her back onto the road.
For a moment they both lay on their backs, looking at the sky. The sun was gone. Flakes of snow floated down toward them, caressing their faces, blowing toward the shoulder of the road.
"Got your story, Miss Mancini?" he said.
She leaned in against him. "You know what, Captain?" she said, opening her eyes, watching the mine disappear under a white dust of snow. "Fuck the story."
#
EIGHTEEN
#
*** Zagreb ***
A few days later, the computer and fax were the first things Sandy noticed when he and Nate flew up to Zagreb and checked into the Hotel Astoria. Behind the manager's desk the IBM 386 that processed reservations could still get out e-mail, and anyone with his own paper could still fire off a fax. The Balkans might be falling apart, but the Astoria was still wired.
Hunter had sent Sandy to brief General Yarif Khan, the UNFOR Deputy Commander, in Croatia. The Pakistani was smoldering over the way his men had shirked their duty while the Serbs were shooting up the Muslim convoy on the Illiceza road. It wasn't altogether clear whether he expected Sandy to give him the truth about the lame-dick performance or if he wanted a cover-up. Sandy knew how he felt. His own cover was still in the hands of Miss Mancini. The prospect of explaining a blown mission to the General wasn't something he liked to think about.
The old man who carried his overnight bag showed him to a small room on the ground floor. He stowed his gear. Then he put a call through to Melba and asked her to fax him any stories from the _Chronicle_ carrying Abigail Mancini's byline.
"She is _there?_ The smart one? Did you see her?"
"She's here. But I'm not. Just send me her stories and don't say anything to anybody."
"Okay, just don't take off Saint Christopher. It sounds very bad where you're not."
The first day, the report from Arlington had consisted of a single word. _Nada_.
Now he was sitting in an overstuffed chair wondering how long his luck could hold. The old brocade of the red upholstery scratched his neck and arms. He heard the sound of the bellman's footsteps outside in the hall and ignored the knock. He ignored that one, too. After a few seconds, an envelope came sliding under the door. He got up to retrieve Melba's fax. Below the fold on the front page, the _Chronicle_ had run a brief account of the firefight. He scanned it quickly. The reporter had written a breathless little tick-tock of the shooting as an introduction to a longer story on the suffering of the people of Sarajevo. The Muslim nursery school was there—soldiers listening to Mozart while they hunkered in the ruins of the city, the crack of sniper fire—but that was all.
He read quickly through the story again. Only one sentence mattered:
"The panic-stricken Muslim soldiers owed their lives to the skill and courage of two UN peacekeepers who organized the defense until reinforcements arrived."
She had covered for him. Unbelievable. Fantastic.
But why? Wasn't he the one who had told her she didn't owe him a thing?
It was 9:45 P.M. The tall window of the bedroom was shuttered for the night. On the wall next to the bed, a fake electric candle flickered dimly under its red shade, throwing shadows among the rollicking hunters, stags and pheasants carved into the dark walnut of the headboard.
Caldwell was meeting him in the bar at ten. Sandy took a fresh shirt and a pair of pressed khakis out of the high pine armoire that served as a closet. Pulling them on, he checked his pockets for his key and stuffed in a wad of marks. Then he snapped on the little chandelier in the vestibule. It was made of blown glass, blue as lapis, and it hung from a gold chain. Pretty. He didn't like coming into dark rooms in strange hotels. He left the little blue light on as he closed the door.
The elevator dropped him slowly to the lobby. He stopped to buy a two-day-old copy of the _International Herald Tribune_ from the concierge before he pushed through a heavy set of oak and glass doors that led to the bar. A bartender in a starched white shirt and bow tie was drawing an enormous glass of beer from a tap set into the wall. Another of the huge glasses, this one empty, sat on the top of the bar.
Sitting in front of it was Nate Caldwell.
An overheated combo on a low platform was exuberantly playing an ABBA riff. Sandy made his way through the noise, sat down at the bar and clapped Caldwell on the back.
"Next one's on me."
"May not be no next one, Captain."
Caldwell was feeling good. Across the room, a dark woman with tightly curled hair was sitting at one of them with a very drunk Croat in a brown suit. She disengaged herself, walked over to them and held her hand out to Sandy.
"Elena Haltani," she said. Her voice was smoky, as if she had seen too many bad movies. Caldwell draped an arm around her and pulled her next to him.
"Meet Cleopatra, Captain. Queen of the Nile."
Sandy took the outstretched hand and kissed it. "An honor, my Queen."
"Not yours, Captain. Mine. You move on back now."
Sandy laughed and signaled for the bartender to bring over a round.
"Cleo's from Cairo," Caldwell said. He sounded like her manager. "We met in Beirut at the Club Rififi. Out on the corniche. Long time ago. Les' see, I was 'bout ten, she was 'bout three."
"My Nathan has told me you are always the gentleman." Her eyes were heavily rimmed with black kohl. Her breasts spilled over a low-cut blouse of hot-pink Thai silk a size too small. She was wearing a tight velvet skirt, purple, and white patent leather boots. "Did you know Beirut is the Paris of the East, the city of love?"
"How did you get all the way up here?"
"I am the true Islamic fundamentalist, Captain. Fundamentally, where there is war, there is Elena. The bars are full and the money is always better."
She was warm, funny. Nate wouldn't have to worry about catching cold.
An electric guitar started wailing. Sandy could hear the scrape of chairs as people moved onto the dance floor. When the bartender came back with the beer, Sandy looked up in the mirror behind him. A pride of drinkers had taken over a trestle table running along the back wall of the bar. By the look of them, they were journalists. They were making a lot of noise, sending up a lot of smog.
Out of the smog stepped Abbie and Kurt. They started to dance, slowly at first, all hips and hands, then faster as the combo picked up speed. Abbie was wearing tight black jeans and ankle length boots. Sandy could see her breasts bobbing under her tee shirt as she moved in close to Kurt's thrusts, then spun away in a wild swirl of hair, then back in closer.
Christ, no wonder Jeff had left with her.
The reporters and photographers jammed around the trestle table were shouting at the two dancers, above the pounding music, goading them on. "Hot, hot, _hot_..." The others cleared the floor to give them more room.
Dog fucking, Sandy thought. He couldn't take his eyes away. She broke away from Kurt. "I gotta pee," she called to him, stepping off the dance floor.
In the mirror he could see her coming his way. Looking down quickly, he bent over his beer like a nodding barfly. For a second, he sensed her standing behind him. Then, from the corner of his eye, he saw her disappear into the ladies' room.
Caldwell was immersed in the Queen of the Nile. He hadn't noticed anything.
"Come on, Nate. Taps. Lights out. We gotta get up early tomorrow."
Caldwell looked at Sandy as if he had lost his mind. The sergeant checked his gold Rolex.
"It's ten-thirty, Captain. They ain't even _made_ the bed yet."
"I don't know, man. I'm beat. You and Queenie have a good time. I'm turning in."
As he was rambling on, Abbie came out of the ladies' room. Walking up to him, she flicked her wet fingers at his face. Reflexively, he shut his eyes against the little shower.
"So what's with the cold shoulder, Captain?" she said. "I know you knew I was here."
She leaned across Sandy and tapped Nate on the shoulder.
"You, too, Nate. Don't even think of ignoring me, guys."
"Who could after all the dirty dancing?"
"And the shower," she said. "Don't forget the shower." She picked up Sandy's glass and took a sip of beer. "So what's with the big welcoming committee?"
"We weren't expecting to see you again." Sandy took back the glass and drained it.
"Get used to it, Captain. You, especially. It's fate. You know what the Chinese say? When you save a person's life, that person is your responsibility. Like forever." She was a little high. She looked at him quizzically. "I'm serious," she said. "It's why we keep meeting. It's not coincidence. _You_ are responsible for _me_. You saved my life. Now you're stuck with me."
She laughed, a silvery laugh that made him think of wind chimes.
"I'd say you have enough people taking care of you. The Incredible Hulk over there, for instance. Looks like he's still doing a really good job."
She sat down on a barstool. "Not that it's any of your business, but it isn't what you think. You are completely full of shit. I've always been careful to keep Kurt as a friend. He has a very, very large fan club, practically half the women in the world, and I don't like clubs."
"Well, you two sure looked like a couple to me," Caldwell said. "I mean, the way you dancin'." He reached over and touched her cheek. Sandy saw Elena look away.
The lights suddenly went down and the combo started into a slow dance. Abbie took Sandy's hand. Without thinking, he began to draw back, but she wouldn't let go.
"On your feet, Captain. That's an order." Pulling him onto the dance floor, she took his arm and guided it around her waist. "Okay, you were so quick to dish the Incredible Hulk, let's see what _you_ can do."
As they moved slowly into the music, Sandy felt her thighs lightly brushing his. When he drew her closer, she leaned backward and examined his face. "Better. Much better, Captain." She rested her head lightly on his shoulder and let him move her slowly among the other dancers. Through his shirt, Sandy could feel the heat of her body warming his chest.
Her beeper went off just as his shirt began to wrinkle. "Oh shit," she mumbled. "Duty calls. Don't go anywhere." Breaking away, she started to take off for the phone cubicle at the front of the bar. Sandy grabbed her arm.
"You can use the phone in my room. It's right around the corner." He handed her his key.
"All right," she said. "It's just Julian. Won't take long. I'll be right back."
He watched her leave through the glass doors. Then he pulled out his wallet and called an order to the bartender. He came back a few minutes later with a bottle of Dom Perignon and two champagne glasses.
"Going somewhere, Captain?" Caldwell said. "What about taps?"
" 'Night, Nate. A pleasure, your Highness." He headed for the glass doors.
* * *
The telephone sat on a small square plastic table. Abbie sat on the edge of the bed and called the _Chronicle_. Julian picked up the phone on the second ring.
"So what have you got, kid? More of those ugly Americans?"
"Nope. More of those beautiful guns. A ton of them." A long pause. "Come on, Julian. Let it go. I gave you your Sarajevo piece. Let me go to Tuzla."
"No way, Abbie. No F-U-C-K-I-N-G-W-A-Y."
"We're getting sucked in over here."
"You're the one getting sucked in. Take deep breaths and try to remember I sent you to cover a war, not start one."
"I know how to take care of myself, Julian."
"Yeah, that's what worries me. Time to pack it in, Abbie. Whatever you've got going, pack it in and come home. Now."
"What are you telling me, Julian?"
"Stop trying to read between the lines. I'm not canning you, not yet, anyway."
"What about the guns?"
"There aren't any guns, Abbie. Either you get your tail back here or you _will_ be looking for another job. I have something else in mind for you and it won't keep." He rang off.
She put the receiver on the hook and looked down at her knees. They suddenly felt cold.
"Bastard, chickenshit, baby dick."
She drew a deep breath and started to get up. Sandy was standing at the door with a green bottle in one hand and the stems of two glasses sticking out between his fingers. Under the pale blue glow of the chandelier, he looked like a handsome alien.
How much had he heard?
"I've decided to take my responsibility more seriously," he said, walking toward her. "So how about we toast my becoming your guardian angel?" Was the iceman warming up? Or did she like him better with all that burnt cork under his eyes?
He put the glasses on the windowsill. She saw him wince slightly as the cork popped. He filled the glasses, handed one to her and raised his: "To dirty dancing."
"I'll drink to that," she said, raising the glass to her lips.
The champagne was ice cold, and after a half glass, the bubbles settled her churning stomach. Count on Julian. Good old take-no-risks, kick-'em-when-they're-down Julian. Show him a real story and he ran like a rabbit.
From the bar, the sound of the combo, muffled only slightly by the heavy door, filtered into the room.
"Let's finish our dance," she said, putting her glass down next to the phone.
She put her head on his chest and closed her eyes as he stretched both his arms down her back and pulled her gently against him.
"We've been in some pretty bad stuff," he said. The softness of his voice surprised her. She had only heard him barking orders. "Maybe it's time for something better."
She reached up under his shirt, running her fingertips through the hair on his chest. Then she leaned back to unbutton his shirt. He closed his eyes and she could feel him stiffen as she began caressing his nipple with the tip of her finger.
"Does a guardian angel get special privileges?" he asked her.
She pulled her sweater over her head and turned her back to him. From behind, he unhooked her bra, reaching around to cover her breasts with his hands. He buried his face in the back of her neck, breathing in the scent of gardenias, and below the flowers, just a trace of vanilla.
He turned her around slowly until her breasts brushed against his bare chest and her nipples began to swell. Reaching down, she unbuttoned his belt and peeled down his trousers. Then she stepped back and out of her black jeans, and then her bikini panties.
They were both trembling.
He sank to his knees in front of her, running his tongue over the soft curls of pubic hair, kissing the white planes of her thighs, moving his mouth upward along her stomach, licking warm circles around her nipples.
She touched him as he stood and held her face in his hands. Her eyes closed and then he was picking her up, carrying her to the bed. As he entered her, she rose up with a sharp cry, then sank into the soft red and blue silk caressing her back.
#
NINETEEN
#
*** Zagreb ***
_Thump, thump, thump_. The rotor dying slowly on the burning chopper. Everything in slow motion this time. Black smoke oozing upward, rising toward the hot white platinum of the sun. Perkins propped against the bulkhead, the dud RPG run buried in his chest.
Christ, make it stop.
Perkins pulling out the blood-blackened round. Handing it to him. Laughing as it turned into a beer can, falling back, dark gouts of blood spraying from the hole in his chest.
_Hissssssss_.
* * *
Sandy opened his eyes. Gray light washing through the hotel window fell across the old steam radiator percolating near the head of the bed. He was lying on his stomach, face mashed into the pillow, breath coming hard. The nightmare fading to black.
Quarter to five. The window rattled. Sometime during the night the eiderdown comforter had slipped off his side of the bed. He could feel a draft playing across the backs of his legs. Drowsily, he reached under the sheets with his foot, searching for her.
He could still smell the faint scent of her perfume, the stronger odor of sex drifting up from the bedclothes. He remembered the curve of her back and the way it arched up from her tight little ass. When she came she cried out, "Oh God, oh Judas, Judas." Tough little Italian moaning like a Baptist. He pushed his foot over farther to her side of the bed.
Nothing.
The comforter slid off and collapsed in a soft heap on the floor. Groggily, he swung his feet down to the carpet and snapped on the table lamp. Next to the telephone he saw an envelope, Astoria issue, with his name on it. Inside was a note written in quick, slashing strokes on a narrow sheet of blue paper from some other dump in Zagreb. She must have ripped off the pad.
_Angel—Hope I see you again sometime, especially if I'm in trouble_.
That's all? he thought. Not even an _A_ for effort? She had signed it "Your Responsibility."
He hadn't felt her move, heard her dress. She could have taken him out while he was lying there with his bare ass up in the air. Was she laughing at him? What if he'd been snoring?
He looked down at the bed where the pillow still showed her imprint. What was this act? The soldier was supposed to pull a stealth, not the damsel in distress.
A single strand of red hair, long and curling at the end, stood out against the white cover. He picked it up and curled it around his index finger. No question. She had dumped him before he could cut out—on her. Same M.O. Just quicker on her feet.
But then, why the envelope?
He walked back to the night table. Slipping the circle of red hair into the folded note, he put the note back into the envelope, licked the flap and sealed it. Should he put it in with Melba's letters? Maybe he should start a new box: Abbie's kiss-offs.
* * *
Caldwell was sitting in the hotel breakfast room thinking about his hangover. The tablecloth caught his eye. Neatly pressed, free of grease spots. Way it is in this crazy place, he reflected. Half the people out shooting each other's asses off, other half home doing the ironing.
It was six-thirty in the morning, he hadn't slept for thirty-six hours.
He felt like he was eighteen again.
The thing about Elena, the woman didn't do sleeping. An hour earlier, when he finally left her, she was lying in bed, hair all over the sheets, eyes smeared black circles, and he was another two hundred bucks lighter after leaving her money "for groceries." He smiled, remembering the time Santana read him the poem about a black soldier locked up in the Munich nuthouse after scoring with a German chick. Black dude had her in the public garden, his dick sparking like a trolley pole. Oh, mama, that's what Elena did to a man. Same way. Blew every circuit.
A waiter sidled up to the table. " _Frühstück?_ Breakfast, sir?"
"Listen, don't call me sir, okay? What's your name, man?"
"Georg, _mein Herr_."
"You my man, Gay Org. Here's what I want: half a dozen soft-boiled eggs, two orders of toast light and a big bowl. Big." He gestured with his hands. "Got it, mine hair?"
As the waiter scuttled off, Caldwell saw Sandy coming across the room, moving a whole lot slower than the night before. He hoped the lady'd been as hot in the cot as she'd been on the dance floor. Do the captain some good.
"That was one long phone call, Hawk," he said when Sandy came up. "Reporter callin' Jupiter? Didn't see you back at the bar." Sandy sat down at the table. "Aw, man. Captain's fuckin' blushing. I don't believe this shit."
The waiter hurried up with a pot of black coffee and poured out two cups. Hawk was lookin' at Gay Org like the Croat was a one-man relief column.
"Things got... involved."
Caldwell spooned four hits of sugar into his cup and stirred thoughtfully. "With a normal dude and a normal lady, you know what I'm sayin', next mornin' the normal dude comes down and says like 'Aw shit, did I score, man. Lady blew me away.' "
"We had a lot to discuss."
Caldwell blew on his coffee and risked a sip. "Uh huh," he said. By now the captain should have completed the after-action report. Tits and ass and over the pass. The waiter returned. Lifting a cloth from a small tray, he carefully took six soft-boiled eggs in white china egg cups and arranged them in front of Caldwell. Then he came back with a plate of toast and what looked like a porcelain soup tureen.
"Anything more, sir?" he asked Caldwell.
"Nope, Gay Org. That's just fine." Caldwell dumped the runny eggs into the bowl. Then he took a half dozen slices of toast and crumbled them in on top of the eggs. Peering into the bowl, he took his coffee spoon and poked his concoction gently. From his pocket, he pulled out a small bottle of Tabasco sauce and aimed a few shots of red at the yellow mixture in the bowl.
Nate Caldwell's 100 Percent Pure 100 Percent Sure Hangover Cure. Guaranteed. Put you back on your feet or right into intensive care. Five minutes max. Sandy looked away while Caldwell spooned the first serving into his mouth. "You know what, Nate?" he said. "I think I'm going to hang around here a few days."
Caldwell picked up his napkin and wiped his mouth. "Don't be playing with me, Captain."
"No games. Hey, look, man, I want to do a little French leave, a little scouting around. I need you to cover for me. I'll keep the room and you can vet messages."
"Yeah, great. I got nothing better to do than cover for a pussy-whipped white boy who's lost his fucking mind."
"Two days. Max. I'll meet you here in three."
"White boy's in love. Can't even count to three. Man, what's General Caine gonna say when they nail your sorry ass for going AWOL... after _pussy_."
He said the word at the volume of a drill sergeant chewing out a new recruit. The delicate glass prisms dangling from the chandelier shivered with the force of the explosion. From the next table, a couple of startled early risers stared at the two of them.
"Okay, okay," Caldwell said, picking up his spoon and eyeing the bowl. Brain food for a bad morning. "Here's how it'll work. Elena and me got something nice goin,' so I ain't gonna be dentin' any pillows in this hotel. We'll keep your room. It can be our drop."
"So I'll call in and you'll cover me?" Sandy stuck out his hand. Caldwell nodded.
"Yeah, I'll be coverin' both of us—from Elena's."
* * *
Back in his room, Sandy took the envelope out of his pocket and looked more closely at the note. On top of the sheet of blue paper he saw The Parcewal with an address and telephone number. Picking up the spindly receiver from the phone, he dialed the number.
"The Parcewal, Dava Smardz."
A woman's voice, sultry, a bit languid for eight-thirty in the morning.
"I'm looking for Abigail Mancini. Is she staying with you? I'm trying to track her down. I'm a friend. I wanted to surprise her."
"She's not here."
"Shit." He knew he was overreacting, but he couldn't help it.
"She left with Kurt."
The image of the two of them dog dancing blew through his imagination like a tropical squall. Get a grip, man. Abbie couldn't be doing old Kurt, too. She'd said he was just a friend. Or was he? It occurred to him that he didn't know when she had left the Astoria.
"Do you have any idea when they'll be back?"
"I think tomorrow morning. They go to Tuzla on a story."
A plan began to take shape in his mind. No, not a plan, he corrected himself. More like a mission. Covert.
#
TWENTY
#
*** Tuzla ***
Screw Julian.
Abbie peered through the windshield of the Mercedes. The road crossed the Sava over the bridge to Slovinski Brod. Then they began jitterbugging through Croat, Serb and Muslim checkpoints. At the crossings, Abbie tried to look bored while Kurt laid German marks on the guards as if he were the president of the Deutsche Bundesbank. Their luck held. No one looked twice at their papers.
Abbie put her head back and closed her eyes. Okay, Abs, so Captain Caine was a one-night stand. Maybe. Maybe not. But that's up to him now. Breathing in deeply, she saw Sandy again, lying in the half-light from the window, his hair damp on the pillow, the sloping shoulders and strong back, the lean, strong arms, how tightly they'd pulled her against him when she cried out and came tumbling down.
She remembered the smell and heat of his skin, the hands and long fingers. Even in sleep there was a certain innocence about him. Before she left, she had felt an impulse to lean over and brush her lips across the back of his neck.
Don't go there, Abbie, she'd told herself. Not a soldier. They're even worse than doctors. You'd spend the rest of your life saluting and shining his boots. Let him sleep. Let him come after you.
They reached Tuzla around seven. Kurt parked the Mercedes in an alley behind the tram barn, leaving it unlocked so no one would break the windows. He didn't give a damn if anyone stole it. Maybe the next one would have a working heater.
Abbie followed him down the stairs into a smoky cellar with a sign on the door that said CLUB TANGO. The place stank of cheap tobacco, boiled potatoes and cabbage, but it served smuggled German beer and Scandinavian aquavit. German truck drivers who horsed UN relief convoys across the ruins of Yugoslavia liked Club Tango. It was a place where they could top their own substantial tanks before hitting the road.
Kurt had met Todor in the cellar a few days before Abbie arrived in Bosnia. After a barrel or two of beer, Todor, listing dangerously across the wooden table, said, "Good, you Americans. All good. Good money, good guns." When Kurt asked what he meant, Todor whispered, "Shhhhh," then fell asleep facedown on the beer-soaked table.
Kurt switched to brandy, keeping up his own voltage. An hour later, when Todor finally lifted his head, the photographer was waving half of a 100 deutsche mark note lazily in front of his nose. "What were you saying about Americans and guns?" The driver then remembered hearing that white planes with American crews were landing at night at the Tuzla airport. He said they were offloading arms for the Muslims. No, he hadn't actually been there himself, but a friend of his had seen the Americans, heard them cursing the Muslims in English.
Kurt gave Todor the other half of the note. After that he'd staked out the field, spending the night on the Tuzla road. Around midnight, he'd heard the planes homing in overhead. When he tried to get past the front gate at the airbase, a squad of military police chased him away.
Todor's lead was golden. When Kurt fed it to Abbie, she kissed him. "So now all we've got to do is get past the gate, shooter. What's the plan?"
That was why they had come to the Club Tango. For money, Todor would move anything anywhere in Bosnia. He had told Kurt he had a plan they would like.
But Todor was still among the missing. Half an hour later, Kurt was packing away cabbage and potato stew as happily as if he were eating four-star back home at La Tour d'Argent. Looking into the greasy bowl in front of her, Abbie fought off nausea. In the smoke and noise swirling around them, her eyes swam and her head throbbed. She looked at her watch. It was nearly midnight. As she was getting up to leave, Todor came bouncing down the stairs into the cellar. He was wearing heavy brown corduroy pants and a black leather jacket. His face was fat but clean shaven, glowing with the happy smugness of a world-class safecracker.
Kurt did the introductions. Abbie waited until Todor had finished his first tankard of beer.
"What have you got for us?" she asked him.
"What you got for me?"
"Whatever it takes."
"It takes one thousand deutsche marks."
Abbie pointed to her bag.
"How will you get us in?"
"Come with me."
Draining off the second tankard, he wiped his mouth on the sleeve of the leather jacket and bounded up the cellar steps, Kurt right behind him. Abbie, juggling her coat and gear, had to take the stairs two at a time to catch them. The men in Club Tango nodded at one another beerily as they tracked her in the tight black jeans, all eyes saying, I'll take a piece of that.
It was dark outside and colder. Todor led them down the cobble-stoned street, across a small park, through a lot strewn with broken glass and used condoms. He stopped in front of an old warehouse. Taking a key from his jacket pocket, he unlocked the front door and waved them inside.
The place had once been a machine shop. An overhead crane rolling on two tracks was attached to the side walls with rusting bolts. The rest had been stripped clean. In the darkness at the rear of the building was Todor's rig, a Mercedes tractor with an 850-horsepower engine. The rig was hitched to a long white trailer painted with the blue markings of the United Nations.
Todor raised the rear door, and they all scrambled into the trailer. It was completely empty. Four aluminum panels stretching from floor to ceiling made up the trailer's front wall. Each panel was attached to the frame with eight screws. Todor pulled a screwdriver from his pocket. Working quickly, he unscrewed one of the panels. Behind it was an empty space about one foot deep and three feet wide, just enough for a stack of boxes or two very good friends. He pointed at the hiding space, then he pointed at the two of them.
"Are you crazy?" Abbie started to turn away. Kurt grabbed her arm.
"It'll work. The drive only takes twenty minutes. We can make it."
"No way. What if they bust him? What if we get stuck in there?"
"Won't happen. This is a UN rig. We can get in there tonight and be back in Zagreb before noon. It's front-page stuff, Abbie. 'Neutral America Gunrunning in the Balkans.' Lynch will cream."
"All right," she said. "Let's do it. When do we go?"
Todor tapped the screwdriver on his thigh.
"Now."
Kurt helped her wiggle in and get settled, then he eased in beside her while Todor replaced the panels. In the darkness, they heard the cough of the engine, then the trailer began to move. Five minutes passed as Todor wheeled the semi out onto the main road to the air-base.
Kurt muttered, "Oh shit."
"What is it?" Fear stabbed her like an ice pick.
"The beer. I've got to piss."
"You what?"
"Forget it."
She giggled as a crazy feeling of relief spread through her body. Reaching into her backpack, she pulled out a bottle of mineral water. She drank what was left and handed the empty bottle to Kurt.
"Go for it, big boy. Wouldn't want your dear little dick stressed out tonight."
"Little isn't the word," he said grumpily. "You want to check it out?"
"No thanks, King Kong, just do your thing."
When he finished, she handed him the top. "For you, beloved. Why don't you keep it in your camera bag for any more gigantic emergencies."
Picking up speed, the truck bounced along for another ten minutes, then stopped. They heard voices and the sound of Todor shifting gears. "Guardpost," Kurt whispered. "We're in." A few minutes later Todor stopped again, and they heard the metallic squeaking of the screwdriver.
The panel came away. A gust of cold air blew across Abbie's face.
"Was I right?" Kurt was grinning like Tom Sawyer. He paid Todor, who pocketed the wad of marks and climbed back up into his seat. Blinking his taillights at them twice, he drove off into the darkness.
They were standing at the edge of a long field bordered by a barbed wire fence. Kurt started down the fence line, studying the wire and the ground on the other side.
"Gotta be mines," he whispered.
The ice pick began to explore her central nervous system. The bile was worse this time. She leaned over and threw up. When her eyes cleared, she felt better.
After 50 yards, Kurt stopped and pointed to a loose section of the wire where the perimeter guards crossed the field. Beyond the sag in the wire, a narrow path, tramped smooth, snaked off toward the runway. "Shortcut," he said. "Stay in my footprints."
He stretched the top wire up for her and they began to work their way through the darkness. Ahead of them, the runway and hangars were bathed in harsh white night lights.
Abbie heard the engines of a plane circling, then dropping to the airstrip. Two more transports followed it down. She waited fifteen minutes, breathing slowly, wondering if Kurt could hear her pounding heart. He was peering through his telephoto lens at the three C-130 cargo planes drawn up in front of the hangars. The planes were white with no markings, but their ramps were open. They were close enough for Kurt to shoot the codes on the crates.
"AK-47s, ammo," he said.
He started crawling forward. After 50 yards, he got to his feet and stood in the center of the runway, legs apart, leaning forward, shooting right up the ramp of the closest C-130.
Loud voices with unmistakable American accents drifted toward her.
"Haven't you finished yet?" shouted someone from the back of the plane. She heard the crewmen bitching. Their forklift didn't work. The offloading was a rat fuck.
Radio-pure American. All of them. She could be in Ohio.
"Come on, you guys, move that shit, we gotta haul ass outta here. It's starting to get light."
Hear that, Julian?
Kurt had his pictures. They jogged back across the field toward the barbwire fence. At the gap where they'd come in, they heard the roar of engines. The first of the C-130s was taxiing down the field.
Kurt raised his camera and started shooting again.
A blinding white light shot through the darkness, trapping Abbie in its beam. She raised her hand to shield her eyes. A dozen Muslim soldiers came running toward her. The first, an officer by his insignia, grabbed for her arm. She twisted away, kicking at him. A thin kid in a heavy beard swung his AK-47 around and butt-stroked Kurt in the back. He fell to the runway, clutching his camera to his belly, gasping for breath.
Smirking, the young officer walked slowly up to him. Kurt rolled over, face to the ground, covering the camera. Furiously, the soldier leaned over and tore it away. Holding it up, he ripped out the film. Then he dropped the camera on the tarmac and crushed it with his boot.
"You are under arrest."
He nodded to one of his soldiers, who grabbed Abbie roughly by her coat, then spun her around so hard her knit hat fell off. He pushed her toward a car. The Muslims threw them both into the backseat. At their command post, a colonel came out. His voice was high-pitched, furious. "What are you doing here?" he shouted at them. Abbie's mouth was dry. No words came out. She heard Kurt saying, "We came in on the plane. With the Americans. Go check it out."
Brilliant, shameless Kurt. "That's right," she said, recovering her voice, handing him her ID and passport.
The colonel pointed to the soldiers, who grabbed them and left them in a windowless room with two metal chairs. They heard the deadbolt slide shut on the other side.
"Think it'll work?"
"Only thing I could think of."
"Anyone ever tell you you were a genius, Kurt? I mean, like if they had an Olympics in fast talking you'd get the gold."
"Yeah, well, we'll see."
After half an hour they heard the bolt slide back. When the door opened, the colonel was a different man. "A misunderstanding," he said. "We have spoken to your Mr. Lynch. You are free to go." He took Kurt's smashed camera and Abbie's cap out of a scuffed leather bag and handed them back. "You should be more careful," the colonel said. "It is very easy to have an accident in this country."
Two Muslim soldiers escorted them to the front gate. For ten minutes they ran back down the road toward Tuzla. When the airbase finally dropped out of sight behind them, Abbie stopped. "I know you, Kurt. Where's the rest of the film?"
Reaching down, he pulled a small black roll from his sock.
"Lunkhead."
She put her arms around his neck and gave him a peck on the cheek, burning herself on his three-day beard. Who could ever kiss this animal for real? They started off down the road, walking this time. After a few minutes, they saw a small white UN van bearing down on them. They flagged it and got in.
"You know Club Tango?" Kurt said.
"For sure," the driver said, his breath reeking of garlic and cabbage. The Mercedes was still there where Kurt had parked it. Someone had rifled the glove compartment and stolen the carton of cigarettes he used for petty cash and bribes. But the engine coughed once and started right up. Before dark the next day, they'd be back at the Parcewal.
#
TWENTY-ONE
#
*** Zagreb ***
Sandy sat on a wooden bench under a linden tree in the park. He'd spent the day before briefing the Paki brass and staff on the Illiceza road firefight. Then he'd returned to his observation post across from the Parcewal.
Was it the Baltimore Orioles baseball cap that caught the cop's eye. Or the rest of his ensemble? He was wearing jeans that fit tightly above his soccer shoes and he had a pair of Ray-Bans dangling from the neck of his parka. On a lanyard swinging from his wrist, he carried a Leica digicam. The little camera could feed forty digitized images directly into a laptop for instant processing. Santana had asked him to check it out as a recon tool. The Professor thought it was better than anything the Pentagon was sending them.
He'd shown the cop his UN identification and the cop had moved on.
Now he had been staking her out for nearly four hours. The sun helped some, but his neck still felt stiff as an angle iron. Give it one more hour.
At three-thirty, the sun began to disappear behind the roof of the Parcewal. Then, at the far end of the park, he saw a rattle-trap Mercedes coming down the empty boulevard.
* * *
Kurt dropped Abbie at the curb a few yards up from their hotel. They'd agreed that he should get a flight out that night and ship the film from Paris. He blew her a kiss and rattled off to book his tickets and return his rent-a-wreck. Abbie watched the car limp around the park and wobble back up the boulevard the way they had come in.
Then she saw him.
The sunglasses hid his eyes and the dumb cap obscured his face, but there was something unmistakable about the way the body was leaning against the wall. How had he found her? Nobody but Julian knew where she was. He was raising a camera now, aiming it at her.
"You sneak," she called over to him. "How did you get here?"
" _Come, signorina? Ma sono un fotografo. Non rompermi le scatole_."
Don't break his balls?
She stopped in the middle of the road, cars and motor scooters careening around her. How could she make such a dumb mistake? Was she seeing his face everywhere? She might as well be wearing his class ring. Weakly, she walked over to apologize.
" _Scusi_ ," she said, feeling like a fool.
Off came the cap, up in the air this time, maybe 20 feet, followed by the Ray-Bans. "I thought the Italian was a nice touch."
Should she throw herself at him or brain him? "I was in the nabe," he said.
Throwing her arms around him, she buried her face in his neck. "Hey, you're all wet," he said, pulling a bandanna from his jeans and dabbing at her eyes. Then he kissed her, a slow kiss, gentle—no tongue, not the usual pit bull trying to clean her molars.
She felt the strong arms around her back. "You do know how to get a girl, Captain Caine," she said.
"Maybe." He was grinning at her like an idiot. "But how do I keep her?"
* * *
The hair. It was the hair.
As she leaned over to pick up her backpack, her red hair spilled down over her narrow shoulders, catching the sun, glowing in a way that made him think of _stella rossa_ flowers spilling over the patio walls in Honduras. She was wearing a black jacket and tight black jeans, high-top Nikes, also black. Adjusting the straps on her backpack, she said, "How well do you know Zagreb?"
"First time."
"How much time do we have?"
"It depends," he said.
"Don't give up, soldier," she said, leading him through the door of the Parcewal.
"I guess I had you pegged as a bolter." She moved behind the empty front desk.
"Takes one to know one," he said.
"Don't you ever stop?"
"Do you?"
She opened the cupboard under the front desk and took out her laptop. "Let's go," she said, starting up a narrow flight of stairs.
At the top, she led him just beyond the vestibule to a dark oak door with iron hinges and an enormous lock. An old iron key was hanging from a peg hidden behind a black-and-white photograph of day lilies. She opened the door and turned, looking at him as if they had never left the bed at the Astoria. He lifted her in his arms. "Which way do I go?"
"Straight down the hall."
He carried her past another black-and-white photograph, this one of a single rose, set over a Gothic side table. The studio was large with high ceilings. It was furnished with one chest, very tall, very wide to follow the sprawling lines of the room with its dining and sitting areas, and a queen-size bed with a green silk cover and black steel frame.
He put her down gently and she pulled off her sneakers. Arching her back, she tugged off her tee shirt, lifted her hips as she slid off the black jeans. Her legs still carried the last of a summer tan. He ran his hands up the inside of her thighs, lightly, teasing, feeling himself stiffen. Keeping his eyes on her, he stepped back and pulled off his shirt. Then he kissed each knee, peeling her panties down from her hips, down over the trim legs to her ankles. She kicked them off and watched him unbuckle his pants.
The fading sunlight caught a white slash of scar tissue on his calf. She sat up and unhooked her bra, threw it to the floor, then leaned back and waited for him. He kneeled between her legs, caressing the soft hair under her navel, running his tongue up her soft groove.
Then he kissed her softly, again and again, running his lips over her forehead, her eyelids, slowly, still kneeling between her thighs, lingering until she surprised him, arching her back and thrusting her hips upward, drawing him into her until they were racing toward the light. And he knew she could feel him going off within her and she was crying "Yes, Sandy, my God, Sandy. Yes."
* * *
Now she was sleeping and he was the one stealing around the room. He made a quick circuit of the little apartment. More photographs. Flowers, always white. Mannered, arty. But peaceful. She had jury-rigged alligator clips to her modem to connect the laptop. It was open. On the screen he saw an e-mail message. _You must be nuts. Don't F with me again. Julian_. Unclipping the setup, he called and left the number for Nate. He was just snapping the clips back on when he heard her rustling. Slipping across the room, he leaned over the bed. Her hair was lying in long curling tresses across the dark green bedspread. They hadn't taken the time to get under the covers. As he bent down to kiss her, she suddenly sat up, completely awake.
"What time is it?"
He went over to the telephone table where he had dropped his watch. "Five to four," he called back. She had jumped off the bed and was hooking up her bra.
"Good. We just have time," she said, picking up her panties and running to the bathroom. It would take special training to keep up with her. Like a triathlon a day.
"Where to now?" he called over the running water.
"Don't you ever get hungry? The market closes at five."
Twenty minutes later he was trotting down the boulevard trying to keep up with her. She was a dozen paces ahead of him, moving out fast.
"Miss Mancini," he shouted at her back. "Wait."
She spun around and stared at him. He heard his own voice and groaned again. The craziness of it. He had stalked her through Zagreb. They had made love twice. And he had never used her first name.
"Mancini?" she said, exaggerating the syllables. "Miss Mancini?" She was cocking her head, looking at him closely, as if he were a stuffed owl. "You're hopeless," she said, pushing the bill of his baseball cap down over his eyes. "Call me Abbie or I'm not bothering with you." Grabbing his shoulders, she turned him around and aimed him up the block.
They walked down clean streets filled with prosperous shops, the windows filled with goods. It amazed him. In Sarajevo, the bread ration was down to Gulag levels, but here you might not know you were in the middle of a civil war. Here, there was still the illusion of safety.
At the far end of Metlic Street, she led him to an old-fashioned covered market. Wandering among the stalls, they bought sausages and prosciutto from a sweating butcher. From a stone vat full of salty water, they fished out a ball of fresh goat cheese and picked a crusty loaf of bread from a small mountain of loaves piled on a metal cart pushed up next to a barrel of fat black olives. "Let's try these." She bought a double handful, pushed an olive into his mouth as they headed for the door. Outside it was getting colder. As they moved up the street together, she pulled items out of her string bag, feeding him, flirting. In the little park across from the Parcewal, they sat on the wooden bench and she took out what was left of the sausage and cheese. He tore a crust from the loaf, spread the cheese and fed her small chunks with bits of sausage and ham.
"Where did you find the Parcewal?" he asked, looking across the street.
"Kurt. It's one of his hideouts."
"Who's Vampira? The one who answers the phone?"
"Dava Smardz, also one of Kurt's. She owns the place. Inherited it and did some renovations. The flowers are hers. She's a photographer, too. They probably discuss lighting and camera angles from all sorts of interesting positions."
She wrapped the remains of their dinner and put them in the bag. "Let's go back," she said. They made one last circuit of the park. A _digestif_. On the far side, he stopped on the curb. Without thinking, she stepped into the intersection.
_Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop_.
She heard the sharp staccato sputter and felt herself yanked backward. Spinning violently, she fell on the cobblestone street. The motorbike that had just missed her skidded into a tight circle and came to a stop. She smelled the sharp odor of burned rubber. Dazed, she looked down and saw that the lace on her sneaker was torn where the bike's kickstand had caught it.
The driver, a twenty-year-old kid wearing a brown leather aviator's jacket and sunglasses, was cursing her. Why was he wearing the glasses? The sun was down. He couldn't see a thing.
And then Sandy slammed past her. He was hoisting the kid by the leg, flipping him over the handlebars, onto the piazza, sitting on his chest, smashing his head into the stones.
She saw the first splash of blood on the cobblestones. Then she was up on her feet, running toward them, grabbing at Sandy's back. He looked up as if he didn't recognize her.
"Stop it," she screamed. "You're going to kill him."
#
TWENTY-TWO
#
*** Zagreb ***
The sound of her voice brought him out of it. He saw her standing above him, trembling. The biker was bleeding into the dirty cobblestones. With a quick sweep of his arms, Sandy brought the sleeves of the guy's leather jacket up over his head and knotted them. Unnecessary precaution. This guy wasn't going anywhere.
A crowd was beginning to form around the accident. From somewhere beyond the park, he heard the siren of a police car. "We've got to get out of here," she yelled, pushing him hard in the small of his back. They jogged for three or four blocks, the noise of the crowd fading behind them, then collapsed on a stone bench.
The streetlights were on now. Under their yellow light half a dozen long-haired kids were playing soccer, chasing their scuffed ball over the cracked pavement as intently as golden retrievers. They had set up mop buckets for the goal.
Sandy circled Abbie's waist with his arm so she couldn't pull away.
"What was that all about?" Her voice was frigid. "I don't need this kind of shit."
"Hey, Abbie. That sonuvabitch almost killed you."
The tremor in his voice surprised him. There hadn't been enough action for that. It was the girl. He had been afraid for her.
"Right. I just slept with a man who almost spread some guy's brains on the ground."
"Look, you didn't see it. That guy wasn't just going too fast, he swerved toward you. Fucking little smartass. He wanted to clip you, Abbie. He was trying for a quick thrill on the way home."
"So you decided to teach him a lesson and kill him."
"I didn't decide anything. I reacted. He damn near killed you, and _I_ didn't like it. That's the way I am."
She considered it, her eyes on the soccer ball bouncing along the street. "I don't go looking for fights," she said.
"Let's see, Mogadishu, Bosnia..."
"Okay, so I'm in the violence business, too. It makes good copy. But I try not to get personal about it. You do. It's like you see everyone coming right down on you."
"All right," he said. "Maybe I overreacted, considering you're still alive, but I didn't come here to attend your funeral."
"And I didn't come here to spend all my time bailing you out of some Croat lockup. That's the way life is in this country. You have to adjust."
"I was just trying to take care of you."
"I can take care of myself. I don't need you running around like some kind of lethal weapon."
So much for all that guardian-angel bullshit. Furious, he got up off the bench and headed down the street. From behind, she shouted after him, "Where do you think you're going now?"
"Back for my stuff," he roared, feeling like a moron.
He heard another shout, a boy's voice this time, as a scuffed soccer ball came shooting by him. And then she was rocketing past his shoulder, bumping him aside, bearing down on the ball as it skidded across the pavement. She was running full tilt, easy in her body, lovely.
He sprinted after her, picking up speed until they were side by side, their bodies bumping. Smacking the ball with her instep, she sent it sailing between the mop buckets. Their legs tangled and they fell, rolling over each other onto the round cobbles.
"Back for _me_ is where you're going." She kissed his red face. "Now you're doubly responsible."
A tall skinny boy was standing between the buckets, tending goal. " _Brava_ ," he shouted, waving to her. Picking up the ball, he thumped it with his foot. In the yellow light of the street lamps it rose and arced down the street and back into play.
* * *
"So who taught you to score like that? You kick like a pro."
Sandy peered into the kitchen nook, the rage gone from his eyes. Abbie was bending over a sauté pan, inspecting the garlic. She had chopped it fine and was simmering it in olive oil. She had tomatoes, scalded, peeled, cut small, waiting in an earthenware bowl next to the stove.
"Must be in the Mancini DNA," she said, poking the garlic with a fork. "You're looking at Abigail Mancini, St. Helena High, Class of eighty-three, Most Likely to be Picked First for Your Team. It didn't hurt that Doc Mancini was coach."
She had a Band-Aid on her ankle. Sandy watched her probing it with a polished toe.
"I can still see him out there in the backyard with me and my brothers and the ball. He'd go, 'Playing the game is not what matters, you guys. Only winning counts. Go for the score.' I hear his voice about a dozen times a day."
With the General, it had been the same: all push, no rewards; nothing ever satisfied him.
"I wasn't just a tomboy," she said, taking out plates and putting them on the table. "I was a killer with boobs. Barely knew what to do with them until I was a senior. I just thought they got in the way. The other girls taped pictures of Johnny Depp in their lockers. I had a poster of Pelé. But, it was like, I didn't dream of Pelé hitting on me, I wanted him to make passes _to_ me. You know, so _I_ could score. Crazy, no? You must think I'm completely butch."
He came around behind her, watching her toss the tomatoes into the pan. She took the lid off a pot and stirred it, the rising steam mingling with the smell of hot oil, garlic and tomatoes.
" _Estivi_ ," she said, leaning back against him as he put his arms around her waist. "Made with _capellini_. The dish that built the House of Mancini." He started to nuzzle her ear, but she broke away from him. Draining the pasta into a colander, she transferred it to a large yellow and white bowl, then poured the sauce over it. "Known far and wide for its restorative powers," she said, steering him over to the dining table. She had set it with blue china plates and a pair of darker blue wine goblets.
After they finished dinner, washing it down with half a bottle of Chiaramonte '89, he put down his glass and said, "I still don't get it, _principessa_. You've got more moving parts than anyone I've ever met."
"They all fit together. I'll give you the short version. One, my grandfather knew more about vines and grapes than any man in Tuscany. Two, there was a killing frost in the Napa Valley in the fall of 1952. Three, the Badoni brothers out there knew about him and hired him to save their business. Four, he did. He took the family and spent two years in St. Helena. My dad went with him. He was fifteen, Mario Antonio Mancini, the kids called him Manny."
He looked at his hands.
"What is it?" she asked, filling his glass.
"That would make him about five years older than my father would have been."
He ran his finger slowly around the rim of the glass. "You said he was a doctor."
"I did. He met my mother in the emergency room of the med school at the University of California, Irvine. She was a theater major, sprained her ankle in a rehearsal, came sobbing into the ER. Love at first splint. He taped her ankle with an Ace bandage and asked her out to dinner. She told me they were in bed doing it by eleven o'clock that night."
"Are all the Mancini women like that?"
"Fast and loose? Are those the words you're groping for? Let's just say I come from a line of women who know what they want and when they want it. Anyway, the Army drafted him in early sixty-six. He had to go down to San Antonio for a couple of months to learn Army medicine. So he's down there a day or two and the phone rings. It's Mom. She says, 'I miss you.' He says, 'Me, too.' So then she goes, 'Good. Because I also missed my period.' "
Sandy laughed.
"And he says, 'Will you marry me?' And she says, 'When?' Three days later they got married in the post chapel."
"Hot. See that Italian blood."
"All that hybrid blood. While he was in Vietnam, she stayed in Los Angeles with her parents. Henry and Ida Benjamin. The Benjamins of Bel Air. He was an agent for William Morris and she was into real estate. They had a little money, not a lot, but more than enough."
"Where did your father pull his tour?"
"I Corps, I think he said. He worked in a field hospital. A mortar barrage hit the camp one night and took off half his foot. He always said thank God it wasn't his hands. So after they patched him up, he took Mom and the baby and headed north on the first bus out. They didn't even have a car. He gave up surgery and took over an old guy's general practice. All he wanted to do was treat normal sick people in a very quiet place."
"And make babies and coach soccer?"
"Not in that order. He's a soccer nut. An absolute freak. Maybe he's compensating for the foot. He may have been a gimp, but it didn't matter. He made everyone else do the running, starting with my brothers, then me."
"Your mother, too?"
"Definitely. She could have been an actress. And she wrote great stories. _The New Yorker_ published one of them. But she wound up writing a gossip column for the _St. Helena Vintner_. 'Becky's First Pressing,' she called it. All the dirt fit to print."
Sandy got up from the table. She followed him out on the balcony. It was nearly midnight. In the black sky, the moon hung like a thin crescent of silver behind the cathedral. It was colder now. She shivered and drew him back into the warm flat.
"So where did you get your short fuse?" she asked him after they were sitting on the couch. "What's your excuse?" He was leaning backward, his head propped up on one of the paler green silk brocade pillows. She stroked his dark blond hair, touched the aristocratic cheekbones, the straight nose, the sensual mouth. Put him in a doublet and tights, he could have been a captain for Lorenzo the Magnificent.
"You mean, why I thumped that guy? I already told you. I wanted to ruin his day."
"You can do better than that."
"Okay, how long has it been since we were up there on that road with all those bastards and all that shit coming down? Less than a week, right? Well, I was just doing what I'm trained to do. It becomes automatic. A reflex that keeps you alive, that's with you until it burns out or you're dead. On that road, it was my job to protect you. Today I _wanted_ to protect you. Big difference, but the fuse burns the same both ways. Fast. Real fucking fast. And you can't just shut it off. One day you kill a guy, they give you a medal. Next day you take someone out, they put you in jail for life."
She plumped up the couch beside her. "Maybe I can understand," she said when his head was back on the pillow. "Maybe more than you think."
"What makes you so sure?"
"I'm sure of one thing."
"What's that?"
"I don't buy a word of it. You're talking crap."
He leaned on his elbow and looked at her, more startled than angry. "What are you talking about?"
"I'm talking about you, puppy. You're holding out on me."
Suddenly, he buried his face in the couch, his body quaking. "Sandy..." she said, reaching over to touch him. Then she saw he was laughing, choking, falling out.
"Puppy! Did you say puppy?"
"That's what I said."
Reaching across her, he snapped off the table lamp. Then he pulled her closer, running his hands down inside her pants. "You want more?" he said.
"Yes."
"The whole story?"
"Yes—from the beginning."
He threaded his fingers through her hair, letting the silky strands curl through his fingers and over his face, breathing in the warm trace of spice and flowers.
"Okay, the whole works," he said. "After."
* * *
It was morning now, the windows shifting from black to gray.
"I had this puppy named Margarita once," Sandy said. He was still in bed, his chest bare, propped up against the black steel frame, half a dozen pillows behind him. "Must've been about twenty years ago. Melba gave her to me."
The room was warm, the smell of eggs and strong coffee floating in the air. Reflected in the dressing mirror, Abbie was holding forth at the stove, short cotton wrap cinched just above her hips, the legs slender, smooth, tan, showing nicely all the way up when she bent over to inspect the pan.
"It was in Honduras. The first time the two of us went down there to stay with her family. I got homesick, I guess, and started to mope. Probably couldn't hack it without the General on my case. Too much happiness. So she bought me this little black mutt with round black eyes, sweet little nose, soft, warm, wet mouth—Margarita, the first female I ever slept with."
"What a lover," Abbie called over her shoulder. "Bide-A-Wee's answer to Tom Cruise."
She deftly folded the frittatas onto a plate and put them on a tray with the gleaming espresso maker, cups and two linen napkins. When she leaned and put the tray on his lap he could see her breasts through the neck of the white cotton top.
"No forks."
"Fingers." She smiled. "You know how to use them."
Green flecks of fine herbs decorated the delicately browned cylinders. "I loved Margarita. Melba gave me something better than love. The thing was, I always knew I could trust her."
Abbie poured the coffee.
"I want to be sure I've got this right," she said. "You're crazy for dogs but with women you think trust is more important than love. How do you know? Have you ever been in love?"
"No. Not with a woman, no. Have you?"
She picked off a piece of her frittata and waved it slowly to cool it. "There was Johnny Sloane, superjock, quarterback, scouted to Berkeley. He gave me his ring, made me bleed the first time, then called me the night before the senior prom to say he'd made a little mistake. Knocked up Claire Wilson, one of the cheerleaders. I told him good luck because he was going to be living with that mistake the rest of his life. Funny thing was, I wasn't mad, just relieved it wasn't me.
She put the frittata to her lips, blew it just to be sure.
"Then there was Hale Latham at the _San Francisco Examiner_. He was pushing forty when I was just out of J school at Cal. He asked me to marry him. I liked him a lot, but it felt like he was trying to box me in, so I ran like a mad woman for New York. The _Times_ treated me like a teeny-bop word processor, which is why I wound up covering weddings for the _Washington Chronicle_. At least there I was putting out my own stuff."
"So what's with Julian?"
She poured out two cups of coffee, taking a lot of time. "How do you know about Julian?"
"You left your laptop open this morning. The e-mail was still on the screen. I saw it when I went to the john. Lovers' spat? You said, 'Julian, darling, the guns are real. Got it cold.' Seemed to bum him out."
She flushed. "You're wondering if I'm making it on my back, aren't you?"
"Like I was saying, it's all a question of who you can trust."
"Whom."
"Sorry," he said. "Green-eyed monster. I shouldn't have read your mail."
"Julian's screwing my story, not me. I don't sleep with anyone where I work. I do flirt."
"You do a lot more than that."
"With you, pups. But don't push it."
"Then what's the story?"
"You can read it in the paper. I haven't filed it yet."
"Not even a hint?"
"Nope."
"Are you going back tomorrow? Didn't leave you much choice, did he?"
"Who's Melba?" she said, changing the subject. "So _I_ don't have to get jealous."
Sandy took a sip of the hot espresso. "Like I said, Melba's been the woman in my life." He watched her, hoping to break through her control. She didn't blink. Better not to push it.
"Melba went to work for the General when I was a little kid," he said quickly. "He had four stars, ran the Continental Army Command. And I was driving him and a long starched line of nannies crazy. So one night he was talking to General Woolsey about the problem, and Woolsey looked over to his maid and said, 'Cita, what about your sister?' Melba came around the next day. She's been with us ever since. She was nineteen then, I guess I was crowding three."
"Are they lovers?"
"She took care of me. Not him—at least not the way you think. We're talking different generations here. Different worlds."
"You love her, don't you?"
"Caines don't do love," he said. "It's just that Melba's the closest I ever came to having a mother."
"Sounds like love to me. Maybe there's hope for you."
"Give me a break. Melba took care of me for three years straight and the General was so pleased he forgot all about us. He also forgot to give her a vacation. So one day she went in and demanded the summer off. She said she wanted to go home to Honduras. He said, 'What about the boy?' And she said, 'You mean _my_ little boy? He's going, too. You don't think I'd leave him here alone with you, do you?' "
Abbie laughed. "Maybe you're right about Melba."
"She kept me from joining the silver spoon gang. Honduras was heat, emotions, jalapeños in the chow, big families, name days, fiestas. The General came from Kill a Commie for Christ and Country and Melba's family were raving Marxists. You had to make adjustments."
Abbie wiped her lips with her napkin. "How did Melba handle it?"
"Melba's always hated true believers. She thinks commies suck and so do Yankee avengers. The communists because her father and two brothers fell for Karl Marx and got themselves blown away, the Yankees because they trained the security troops that killed them. She told me I was better off playing soccer. So that's what I did. Her uncle was a fisherman. I worked on his boat, diving for lobsters. On weekends, his kids taught me to kick and pass and eat paella. I came home thinking the World Cup was more important than the World Series. So there you have it: Sandy Caine, Semi-Subversive."
She didn't laugh. Jesus, he thought, what did she want from him? He was spilling his guts. What happened if she really started to grill you?
"Why are you Sandy?" she asked him. "If you're Alexander Grant II, why aren't you Alec or Alex?"
"That's what they called my father." He drained the last of his coffee and put the cup back on the tray. It made a loud sound. "He was a spoiled, gutless sonuvabitch."
"And you don't take after him?"
"I try not to."
"Maybe you're trying too hard."
"Oh, give it a rest, Abbie. What do you want me to do, sign up with the twelve-step crowd? Children of Cowards? Don't count on it."
He pulled some clothes out of his rucksack. "Where are my shoes?"
"Try under the couch. Let me know when you stop feeling naked."
When he finally ran out of things to pull on, button or tie, he sat down on the couch and put one of the silk pillows on his lap. "Come here," he said to her gruffly. She cinched her cotton shift around her hips and sat next to him.
"The first thing you need to know is that the General's real son is Jeff Taylor, not my dad. He was everything my dad could never be: a jock, a natural leader, all of that. Alex was a total loser; the best thing that ever happened to him was Jeff."
"Jeff's dad was in the State Department, always away, so it was like they set up their own Lost Boys Society. Jeff hated his dad's power grubbing, his compromising. The General looked like God to him. So he decided to become a soldier, and Alex was right behind him.
"Up to then, Alex hated the thought of being a soldier. The General had parked him on Beacon Hill with the Putnams, and they spoiled him rotten. Nannies, governesses, ponies, tutors, the whole trip. Then Jeff won an appointment to the Point and suddenly Alex wanted to go, too. The General pulled every string he had and sent him off to become a man."
Abbie brushed a curl back from her eyes but it bounced down again. Against the pillow, her warm brown eyes were flecked with gold. "I can understand that," she said.
"Understand what?"
"All of it. In my family, if you had a dick, you were a doctor. You had a womb, you were a wife. You wanted a life of your own, forget it."
He reached down and twined the strand of hair around his finger, then pushed it back into place.
"Same way with the Caines and West Point. I wasn't crazy about being a soldier, either. If I'd had my choice, I'd probably be chasing soccer balls or raising dogs."
"So what happened after the General sneaked Alex into the Point?"
"Jeff pulled him through. He even began to show a little leadership ability. Then in his Cow Year, his hair turned gray. Maybe from all the stress. They began calling him Gray. Better than wuss asshole.
"Jeff graduated in the fall of sixty-three, not as first captain but right up there at the top of the class. He was assigned to the 82nd Airborne at Fort Bragg.
"That last year without Jeff, Alex started humping this Polish girl from New Paltz. He nearly blew everything. His grades fell off and he finished near the bottom of the class. And then he went and married Barbara Ann Brakowski. My mother. In the Sons of Poland Hall instead of the chapel at the Point. The General nearly had a stroke."
She laughed. "Dr. Mancini would do the same if I brought home a soldier. You'd be safer in Sarajevo."
"You planning to take me home?"
"I don't want to die young. So then what?"
"Alex followed after Jeff. Ranger course, then into the 82nd Airborne. They sent his unit to the Dom Rep in '65, so he saw a little action and got his Combat Infantry Badge."
"That doesn't sound so bad."
"No, except some people said he kept his head down when he should've kept it up. No big deal, only rumors. Jeff got him transferred to his Special Forces unit. ODA 351. And the two of them shaped it up just in time for Vietnam."
Abbie looked up from the pillow.
"The problem isn't your dad, pups. The problem is you. You don't know who you are."
"Get off it, Abbie. You sound like Dr. Ruth."
"Cheap shot, Sandy. You've got to make up for a father who couldn't tie his own tennis shoes unless Jeff Taylor helped him. And you've got to be a better soldier than good old Uncle Jeff. If you do all that, maybe, just maybe, it will warm up the Abominable Snowman."
"It's not like that, Abbie."
"The hell it isn't."
He walked out on the balcony. After a while she came out and stood next to him. She put her hand on the back of his neck and stroked him. "What's really bothering you, pups?"
The voice gentler now. Why not tell her. Straight on. "You remember Perkins," he said.
"That good-looking chick at your party? The one you were drooling over, by the way."
"No, I'm talking about her father. You must have seen him up on the roof in Mogadishu."
"Bruce Willis in Kevlar? What about him?"
"He told me something that doesn't make sense. Remember when the sappers blew that hole in the wall? Maybe you didn't realize how close all of us were to buying it. After Perkins and I greased them he turned to me and he said, 'You fight just like your dad.' "
"You sure he was talking about Alex?"
"Not at first. I thought he was sticking it to me, telling me I was yellow, too. But he was standing there over a dozen dead Somalis with dust all over his face and gunpowder stinking up the place and I could see that wasn't what he meant at all."
"What did he mean?"
"That Alex was okay, I think, but I don't really know. We were supposed to get it straight over a beer, but he caught an RPG round in the chest. When they got him back they had to take his body out behind a berm and defuse it, for Christ's sake."
Sandy pounded the dirty brick wall of the balcony with his fist. A small puff of red dust drifted down toward the street. "I just don't fucking know."
"Maybe we should find out."
He put his arm around her and drew her close to him. "No maybes about it," he said.
* * *
Inside the studio, there was the muffled sound of a phone ringing from under pillows, where Sandy had stuffed it the night before. Screw it, he thought. Abbie went and unburied the receiver. When Sandy finally came in, she held it out to him. "For you," she said. "It's Nate."
"I don't like to interrupt a man's pussy eatin', but you're gonna hafta finish chompin' and get your ass back here, know what I'm sayin'?"
"You getting too old for this business, man? You need some help with Elena?"
"No, sir. You the one needs some help with the man. Hunter's gotta job for us. Wants us back in Sarajevo. Like yesterday."
Sandy looked at his watch. It was just past 7:00 A.M.
"What's he want us to do?"
"Didn't say. We got a massacre up near Polidza. Maybe three thousand. Big ditch somewhere, probably. They're still lookin' for it. UN's coming in. Maybe it's that. Maybe not. Like I said, you gotta quit groovin' and get movin', Captain."
"Yeah, I hear you. Meet me at the hotel in five hours. I'll get us seats on the shuttle."
Sandy looked across the room. Abbie was sitting at the table writing something quickly in her notebook. The laptop was still open, Lynch's e-mail message glowing on the screen.
"Thanks for covering my ass, Nate. See you back at the hotel around noon."
Fucking Serbs. Weren't they supposed to be Europeans? Civilized? Last time out, the Serbs had fought Hitler. It was the Croats and Muslims who were allies with the Nazis. Go figure.
As he put down the phone, he felt her touching his shoulder. She rubbed his neck, then reached over and dropped a folded sheet of paper into his hand. "I'll get dressed," she said, disappearing into the bathroom.
He didn't open the note until the C-130 began its descent into Sarajevo.
"Why do people get all literary when all they're doing is satisfying biological imperatives?" she wrote. "Lots of things to find out. On lots of levels. No maybes about it. amanci@washchron.com."
He tucked the note into his pocket. That made two. He'd have to find another box.
#
TWENTY-THREE
#
*** Washington, D.C. ***
Through the glass wall of the deputy editor's office, Abbie saw Julian pick up the phone and turn his back on her. He had on his blue and red suspenders, the wide ones Yuppie brokers and lawyers and upwardly mobile editors wore in tandem with their black tassel loafers. She looked at her watch. Five-thirty. C'mon, Julian, we're missing the first edition.
The moment Julian saw her, he'd pointed silently to a chair outside his door, leaving her to figure it out. Seething, she stood there taking in his act, the blue shirt with the white collar, the thin chalk stripes on his charcoal trousers, the Mont Blanc pen in his hand.
Before the flight left from Rome that morning, she'd e-mailed him the gunrunning story. From Dulles International, she'd come directly to the paper. Now she could feel the pulse of the newsroom racing toward the first-edition deadline. She was going to miss it.
Why are you doing this to me, Julian?
Her confidence began crumbling, the way it always did with guys who had her number. Make them tall enough, give them a voice like a doctor's, and she'd start wondering whether she could shower and sing at the same time. Then she'd begin to grovel.
After five minutes, he finally put down the phone and waved her in. He didn't get up.
"What do you call this?" he said.
"I'd call it a scoop. What would you call it?"
"I'd call it a bad news."
"That story's good, Julian. I was there, so was Kurt. What's the matter?"
"This," he said, punching a few keys on his computer and waving her around to look at his monitor. The lead story from Reuters said: "Ethnic Cleansing in Mostar—Thousands Disappear."
"And you're in Tuzla? Chasing phantom gunrunners?"
"That's not fair, and you know it."
"All I know is that at the very moment the Serbs are coming on like fucking Nazis you want the _Chronicle_ to say the Muslims are the bad guys. Goddamn it, Abbie, the Serbs are murdering, raping, baby-stabbing bastards. Why are you the only reporter in the world who doesn't get it? You've just pissed away your whole trip."
A little worm of fear began to wiggle inside her. The bean counters hated shelling out for dead stories.
"The big picture isn't always the whole picture, Julian. You're right about the Serb leadership, but you're wrong about everything else."
"Is that right?"
"Yes, it is. One—the United States is getting drawn in over there fast and no one over here knows about it. Two—we can't trust anyone in the Balkans. Sure, the Bosnians are the victims. So were the Buddhists in Hue. Three—it may feel good to call the Serbs Nazis and go in to clean them out, but you saw what happened on the Illiceza road. The minute we go, we're going to get shot in the back by our so-called 'friends.' And there's probably four thousand reporters filing the same story from Mostar. My story is exclusive. And new. Isn't that the business we're in? The _news_ business?"
"Are you completely through?"
"No way, I'm just beginning. I want—"
"Oh, shut up, Abbie. Look, I'm not going to run any unsubstantiated story about nutsos with AK-47s. Let's just forget your arms bizarro. Do I make myself clear?"
"I don't know what to say."
" _That_ is one great big relief," he said. "Now I'll do the rest of the talking. Your problem is you've got more guts than brains. For the next three months, consider yourself on probation. You're going to grow up fast or get out."
"How am I supposed to do that?"
"Like I said on the phone, I have something for you."
She couldn't remember, and it didn't matter. Julian was incapable of believing anyone could ever forget even one of the precious words he muttered.
"Who's the best-known war hero in this town?" he asked her. "Who do you think is going to be our next President?"
Easy one. "And what do you propose we do about Senator Taylor?"
"Make him our star. Victory Over Vietnam Syndrome. The Power and the Glory. Jefferson Taylor. The Ultimate Blast from the Past. We're coming up on twenty years since the fall of Saigon. Time for another look."
"But that's more than a year from now."
"We'll call it a special project. Our very special project." So that was it. Julian, the Ben Bradlee wanna-be, using Jeff Taylor to play his John F. Kennedy. Butter up JKT now, eat at the White House later. "You're shameless, Julian."
"Absolutely. Packaging is what the game's all about. And timing. The art of timing. You know who I was just talking to while you were out there waiting?"
"No. Amaze me."
"Patrice St. Jean. He wanted to invite me to a dinner party. Until I saw you out there, I was going to blow him off. Now I've got a better idea." He walked around to his Rolodex and wrote a number on a sheet of notepaper. Not the foolscap everyone else used. The engraved logo at the top said: FROM THE DESK OF JULIAN LYNCH. "You take care of the RSVP. Call him and tell him you and I will be coming together. Get him to set you up an interview with Taylor."
"You really want to get in bed with Taylor this way?"
"Why don't _you_ tell me? I saw you and Taylor at Fort Myer. I saw you leave together. And when Patrice called just now and I saw you sitting there outside the door with your legs crossed, that's the first thing I remembered. Our Abbie and our Jeffie. Tell Pat if our project goes as well as I think it's going to go, you'll be covering his candidate." He started for the door, then turned around as if something equally momentous had just hit him. "You ever been chez Patrice?"
"Are you kidding? I'm not even on his C-list."
"I can see why," he said, looking at her rumpled blouse and slacks. "Go buy yourself something decent to wear. I'll sign for it. This time." He reached for the door. "And Abbie, no more J school games, okay? I'll be watching you."
* * *
On the third floor, the doors opened to the teeming newsroom. Making her way through the maze of desks, she came to her own in a cubicle at the rear wall—the Atex monitor and keyboard commanding the work station, the headset telephone on its little hook, everything neat and antiseptic. She tried to remember who had once told her that journalists were a spit-on-the-floor breed. All that _Front Page_ stuff. What crap. Most of the reporters she knew in Washington were as tight-assed as MBAs. All suits and blazers and blue shirts and striped ties. They didn't want to stand out. Put a source on guard, it's harder to mug him.
She felt a plump hand on her shoulder. "Yo, Becca," she said. For a heavy woman, Becca had an eerie way of creeping up on you.
Abbie turned in her chair and looked up at her friend. Becca was short and broad across the shoulders, possibly in her middle forties, a size 18 who looked more like a lathe operator than a society reporter. Abbie put her at maybe 170 pounds between diets, although her face was quite pretty. Her eyes were dark green. When she was angry, which was much of the time, they got even darker. She always wore a brown felt beret, even in the office. It covered the spot on the back of her head where her brown hair was beginning to thin. "Male-pattern baldness," she called it.
Becca was a country girl, maybe the only female card-carrying member of the NRA on the _Chronicle_ staff. She owned 500 acres of Blue Ridge hardscrabble left to her by her father, but she was letting the farm return to woods. She preferred deer to cows. You couldn't hunt cows. After her second gin and tonic, she'd start saying things like "Penetration is imperialism" and get pissed off when Abbie laughed.
Behind Becca's back, Julian called her Fats Deming. He told Abbie he considered it a tribute to Becca's powers of reverse English and her skill at hustling gossip. Becca's pet name for Julian was Dickbrain. She told Abbie she didn't ordinarily conjoin those two organs, but for Julian, she would make an exception.
"Well, honey, tell me all. Out with it. Why here so late and so blue? What did he want?"
"Mother, forgive me, I have sinned. He didn't like my story."
Becca put her other hand on Abbie's head. "Recite three op-ed pieces, go with God, child. You do disappoint me. I was hoping you'd get into his pants and yank that little tallywhacker of his right off."
"Hand jobs aren't my thing, Becca."
"Spare me," she said, grabbing Abbie's chair and spinning her around to face the black computer screen. "To work. I'm finished with you." Abbie watched her disappear around the cubicle partition, ambling in the general direction of the Style section on what she called her killer shoes—spindly three-inch heels that always made Abbie wonder how they ever held her up.
Nothing from Sandy in her e-mail. Logging off, she went to the morgue and dug out "Taylor, Jefferson Kenefick, U.S. Senator." The guy was doing all right. Half a dozen narrow buff envelopes with the hard news and a large one jammed with profiles. Back at her desk, she stacked them in chronological order next to her computer and began to read.
The Army had sent him to Washington as a White House Fellow in 1971, clearly a young guy singled out for big things, not a one-shot hero. Two years later he'd moved up to battalion commander with the 8th Infantry Division in West Germany. Then he pulled a hitch at the War College before they assigned him to the Department of the Army's Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations. A water walker. Going all the way. Why did he get out?
The answer fell from the next envelope. In the summer of 1983, during a night jump with one of his units, a freak wind gusted up and dragged him across the drop zone, killing eleven paratroopers, breaking half the bones in his body and leaving him with a compound fracture of the right leg. The Army surgeons said he'd never walk again without a severe limp; so his jumping days were over. That meant an end to his Army career. Sitting behind a desk and limping around the Pentagon weren't the way Jefferson Taylor had seen his future.
Abbie went to the cafeteria for a cup of coffee. When she got back, she put the Styrofoam cup next to her keyboard and opened the large envelope. The first feature story, more than twenty years old, came from the paper's old society section, weddings, not just a quick notice and wooden portrait of the bride and groom, but a full-page story with three pictures. In the early seventies, while he was at the White House, Taylor had run into Janine Walker at a cocktail party and screening thrown by the Motion Picture Association of America. The head of the MPAA had wanted to introduce them that night. Or so he thought. As it turned out, they already knew each other.
"You know, you two look like you belong together," he had said, winking at them, his dark eyebrows curling wildly, pushing the deal as usual. And he was right. Janine, the daughter of John Walker, the senior senator from Ohio, was a good-looking brunette with a master's in psychology from Ohio State. The Taylors and the Walkers were old political friends and allies in Ohio Democratic politics. The last time Jeff and Janine had seen each other was at a Fourth of July picnic in Columbus where Jeff's grandmother and Senator Walker were the Patriot's Day speakers. They began spending more and more time together, until, when Jeff was due to go to West Germany, they realized they didn't want to be separated.
For a time, their marriage in the National Cathedral promised to unite the prevailing powers of Ohio's Democratic machine. Or so everyone thought. True to form, Jeff started to make plans to run for the House from his grandfather's old base in Cincinnati while he was still finishing physical therapy at Walter Reed Hospital. Then, to the total disbelief of the Walker and Kenefick families, he announced that he was going to run as a Republican. But after he won by four hundred votes and moved into the House, conservatives who thought they had a new and willing recruit discovered he was obsessed with military reform. In his maiden speech on the Senate floor, he said, "If we're going to build everything bigger, we're going to build it better, by God, or we're not going to build it at all." And he actually meant that one, too.
Too perfect, Abbie thought, sipping her coffee. What's the hitch? No one was that perfect. But Jeff Taylor's caissons just kept rolling on, reelection to the House, up to the Senate on George Bush's coattails in 1988 with a spot on the Armed Services Committee, unusual for a freshman.
Then she found a flaw. A small story on slick paper slipped out of the batch of yellowing newsprint clippings and fell on the floor. She leaned over and picked it up. It was a five-line item from the _Time_ 's Milestones section in 1986.
Divorced: Congressman Jefferson Taylor, 44, and Janine Walker Taylor, 40, after 12 years of marriage; in Cincinnati, August 1. He to run under a cloud, she to run a bookstore on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. "We're still good friends," said he. "Sure," said she.
That was all. Abbie quickly riffled through the last two envelopes. Nothing. Picking up the phone she punched Becca's extension. "Style, Deming of the Desert," said the bored voice at the other end of the line.
"What can you tell me about Mrs. Senator Taylor?"
"The Good Mrs. Taylor? The Good and Gone Mrs. Taylor?"
"Yeah. That one."
"Well, first she went out and had her tits cut off—"
"Stop it, Becca, I'm serious."
"So am I. First breast cancer, then the divorce."
"What happened to her? Where is she?"
"I don't know. She's still alive or we would have read all about it." A pause. She could hear Becca turning her Rolodex. "Call Anton Dwyer at Black Cat Books. He's an old friend of hers. Maybe he knows where she is. I haven't had any reason to call her, except to offer my congratulations on her divorce."
"You did that?"
"Damn straight. She's tasty, sugar. But I couldn't talk her into moving in with me."
"You did _what?_ "
"Joke, Abbie. _Joke_. Although I _was_ attracted to her. Aren't too many yummies around. I told you she was a looker. Hang up now, dollface. I'm busy."
Dwyer wasn't at work, but when she said she was doing a story on bookstores, the clerk gave her Dwyer's home phone number. Dwyer picked up on the seventh ring. He sounded annoyed, and when she said she was looking for Janine Taylor, his voice got harder. "Why?"
"I'm writing a profile of Senator Taylor and it wouldn't be complete without my talking to Mrs. Taylor," she said, dropping into her best First Amendment Ms. Responsibility professional voice. "It's clear she knows him best."
He considered it for a while. "All right, she's in Crisfield on the Eastern Shore. Soft Shell Books. But she's Janine Walker again. And that's all I'm going to tell you."
The line went dead.
Abbie wrote the name on a piece of scratch paper, folded it and put it in her purse. She tossed the clips into the out basket just as Becca's brown beret poked around the partition separating her desk from the others in the section. "I didn't mean to be crabby, puddin'. Anything else I can do to help?"
Abbie leaned back in her chair. "You really want to help?"
"You bet." Becca sounded almost penitent.
"Okay, Wonder Woman, the transmission on my car is shot. How about a ride out to Chevy Chase?"
"For you, even that."
"We're going to Saks."
"Saks?" Becca looked shocked.
"You heard right, Becky Lou. I'm in the market for a dress—one of them right fancy ones."
* * *
It was a few minutes after 11:00 P.M. The package with the dress was in the backseat and the two of them were roaring down Connecticut Avenue flushing BMWs, scaring away the lesser breeds.
Becca's wheels were a lot more substantial than her heels. The previous summer, a mood swing had led her to the Land Rover lot in Alexandria. There she had sold her soul to buy a '93 four-wheel drive Defender. Pencil yellow with black trim and a safari rack, V-8 engine, five on the floor. The headlights had those little wire cages around them. Under the bumper, a Warn winch with remote controls—good for 9,000 pounds of pull—was bolted to the chassis.
They growled through the quiet tree-lined streets of Cleveland Park, where the city's senior bureaucrats were already soundly asleep in their beds. When they reached the corner of Woodley Road and Connecticut Avenue, Becca turned left and headed down toward Rock Creek Park.
There was a full moon and it was much colder. The moonlight filtering between the bare limbs of the sycamores lit the way toward a small enclave of brick and stone houses set along a narrow street that wound for about a quarter mile along the edge of the park.
Abbie lived in the last house, a two-story neocolonial pile with separate wings east and west. Some long-dead power broker had built it in the twenties before the Crash. It was cut into four apartments. She had the west wing, a small living room with a fireplace, nice old kitchen, big bedroom and screened porch. She had taken the place because of the porch and the park. On cool mornings, she could walk or jog for miles before the rest of the city was awake. During the endless summer she could fix herself a gin and tonic on ice after work and escape the heat out on the porch.
"Drop me off, will you, Becca. I can walk the rest of the way," Abbie said.
"Are you nuts? A backpack and a laptop _and_ a shopping bag tonight? You want to attract every thief, mugger and rapist in this town?"
Becca was always ragging her about how stupid it was to wander through the Park. The truth was that Abbie liked the small shiver it gave her to walk the last few blocks home at night. She tested herself against her fear like a child teetering along the top of a wall. It improved her fantasy life.
An old habit. But not tonight; Becca was right.
At the curb, Becca got out and toted Abbie's backpack up to the back door.
"Thanks, Becs."
"Forget it, you dope."
Abbie watched the taillights of the Rover until Becca was gone. Then she unlocked the back door and let herself into the kitchen. Flicking on the lights, she poked the button on her answering machine.
"It's the pups."
The sound of the voice gave her a small rush. She remembered the way he smelled, the way it felt when he touched her. "Check out your e-mail, principessa."
She went into the living room, opened her laptop, fumbled with the modem and punched up her service. His message was there at the top of the list. That meant he had sent it before reveille in Sarajevo.
From: p@santana.net
Subject: sitrep
In Dreams Begin Responsibilities. Did you ever read that one? I'm thinking the guy got it right. First the dream, then the hard part. I miss you. Let's leave it at that. Or this Toshiba might melt in my lap. It's going to get real busy here. You think you can make Julian believe in NATO air power? No later than spring, I'd say. If you need to reach me, call Santana: 917 899 4224 or hardcore@santana.net. pups
Scrolling backward, she reread the message quickly. Then she hit the reply button and started to type.
From: amanci@washchron.com
Subject: litcrit
You are deeply crazy. If Nate hears you're talking dreams, he'll drag your cute ass off to the shrink. Speaking of which, I miss you, too. And let's not leave it at that, soldier. I want to hear more. When will you be back? Call if you can with an ETA, I hope. Still Your Responsibility.
#
TWENTY-FOUR
#
**Bosnia * Polidza**
"Is there," said the Serb cop, pointing behind him. He beamed at Sandy and Nate. "What you look for is over there."
They had driven from Sarajevo to Polidza looking for a mass grave. The Serb was pointing to the town's brand-new fire station.
Pride of Polidza.
"Think he understood us, Hawk?"
"The bastard understood, all right. Where did Drago go?"
"Said he wanted to do some snoopin' around."
They were standing on the sidewalk in front of the fire station. The neighborhood was fairly new but grimy, run down in the way of cities of the old communist bloc. Never enough money for luxuries like maintenance.
General Hunter had given them a satellite photo showing thousands of men lined up waiting for buses on a street like the one they were looking at now. When the satellite made its second pass, the buses were all gone. So were the men.
Muslims. The Serbs hadn't rounded them up to send them home for Christmas.
From around the corner, Drago suddenly came toward them. He was walking slowly, but his body was taut, a soldier keeping his cool on hostile ground.
"He's got something, Captain."
Drago came up to them and snapped something at the cop, who scowled and walked away.
"What'd you tell him, man?" Nate asked.
"I told him he was a lying son of the great whore of Belgrade," Drago shrugged. "I think you better come with me."
He retraced his steps, moving quickly now, Sandy and Nate trotting after him. He turned at the corner, went down a narrow street for two blocks and stopped in front of a large, abandoned building that looked like a warehouse. The windows were boarded. The front door was big enough to admit a truck or bus.
"What is it, Drago?"
"I was talking to some people down the street, Captain." Drago seemed to be struggling to control his voice.
He pointed toward the large wooden door. "They call this place the House of Death."
He stepped forward and kicked open the door. The sound echoed through the empty warehouse.
"All right, let's take a look," Sandy said, stepping inside. He took out a flashlight and pointed the beam at the walls.
"Holy motherfucker," Nate said. "What we lookin' at, Drago?"
The walls were covered with names. Written out, faded, brown.
"Blood," Drago said. "The Serbs brought the Muslims in here and killed them. They wrote each name in the blood of the dead man."
"That's what they said up the street?" Sandy asked him.
"Why not? They weren't hiding anything. They were proud. They said the building was too small to finish all the Muslims. They killed maybe five hundred of them in here. Then they got the buses and drove the rest away."
"How many?"
"Maybe two thousand. All men and boys."
"Where did they take them?"
"A farm. Somewhere outside the city."
Nate looked at Sandy. "The other pictures, Hawk. Remember? The ones with the trees and the cornfield? Didn't Hunter have a fix on that one?"
"Yep." Sandy had written the position in his notebook. He took the book out of his coat pocket and checked the geo satellite data against his map. "Should be to the northeast of town," he said.
Drago frowned.
"What is it?" Sandy asked him.
"Drina Corps country, Captain. Elite troops. Cut your throat just to watch you bleed."
"Get the vehicle, Lieutenant. We're going to that farm."
They drove slowly through the city, leaving by the east and circling to the northeast where the countryside began. Nothing along the main road conformed to the images from the satellite. They tried three side roads. Nothing there either. Finally, there was only one road left. As Drago turned down it, Nate cursed.
"Sonuvabitch, Captain. No trees."
"Look again, Nate," Sandy said, studying the road ahead of them. On either side of a stretch of road perhaps half a mile long, someone had piled more cordwood than they had seen since arriving in country. Drago pulled the vehicle to the side of the road. Nate jumped out and checked the woodpile.
"Fresh cuts, Hawk. Someone wanted those trees down awful bad."
Toward the far end of the woodpile, they saw a small gate. A Serb trooper was posted in front of it. Piling into the vehicle, they drove up to him and stopped.
"Drina Corps," Drago said, taking in the uniform.
The soldier held up his hand to stop them.
Nate got out and walked over to him. The Serb shoved his rifle against Nate's chest. Nate reached forward, grabbed the weapon and slammed the butt into the Serb's groin. The Serb doubled over and bellowed in pain. Nate's vertical butt stroke caught him in the chin and knocked him backward. He fell on the far side of the gate.
Nate opened the gate and waved Drago through. Then he picked up the Serb's rifle and climbed back into the vehicle. "He'll sleep for a while, Hawk. I gave him something to remember us by. For the rest of his life, know what I'm sayin'? Got me one fine SKS for my wall."
Drago grinned and gunned the engine. They shot up a narrow dirt road that came out on a field that looked to be about 300 yards long and 120 yards wide.
"Cornfield," Sandy said, stepping out. The three of them started across the plowed ground. The stubble looked odd. Irregular.
Drago kneeled down to examine one of the jagged rows.
"Come here, Captain. You better take a look at this."
Sandy kneeled next to him. What Drago had in his hand was no cornstalk. He was holding a human femur.
Sandy ran his hand across the plowed ground. The corn stubble had all rotted toward the soil. The taller spikes were all human bones. He tugged at one of them. It came up through the loose soil with a scrap of torn trousers and a work boot on the end.
"Jesus," Nate whispered.
For the next fifteen minutes the three soldiers crisscrossed the field. Legs poked up through the dirt, hands, arms, entire rib cages, skulls.
"The buses must have brought them here, Nate."
"End of the fuckin' Serbian line, Hawk."
"Let's get out of here. We found what Hunter was looking for."
The ride back was rotten. He thought of Abbie, trying to get the bones out of his mind, but it didn't work. What a story. She would have been all over that field. Should he leak it to her? After she'd protected him and Nate, she deserved a scoop.
It was well past midnight when they got back to Sarajevo. The light in General Hunter's office was still on. He was waiting for them. Sandy made his report, leaving out the part about the sleeping guard at the boneyard gate.
"UN will have to take over this one," the General said tiredly.
"Little late for that, isn't it, sir?"
"Yes, it is, Captain. Far too little, far too late."
#
TWENTY-FIVE
#
**Washington, D.C. * Army Navy Club**
"Drinks, gentlemen?"
The steward wore a starched white coat buttoned up to his throat. Where did they get these guys? Patrice St. Jean asked himself. Where did they keep them at night? The Smithsonian?
Against the whiteness of the jacket, the old man's face looked 20 degrees blacker. Affirmative action in reverse, Patrice reflected. Roll the clock back to the forties and keep it there. That was the heart and soul of the Army Navy Club: win World War II, you never get over it. Enough leather chairs, enough bourbon, you rule the world.
"I'll have a white wine spritzer," he said, ignoring the frown Remy Fair directed at him from across the table. Remy had brought a couple of Air Force officers with him. A one-colonel-one-major problem. Okay, let's see what they have to offer.
Remy was the chief troubleshooter for T. C. Johnson, the people who made missiles, planes and more money than God. "Colonel Hollander, Major Jennings," he said, observing the formalities. "What'll it be for you?" They ordered Virgin Marys. Remy waved the old steward closer. "Let me have two fingers of Jack D., Willis," he said, holding his hand out sideways. His index finger and pinky were extended, the middle two fingers curled in. The shot was big enough to stun an ox. "Yessir, Colonel Fair," the old man said. Chuckling dutifully at the old joke, he hurried off to fetch the round.
Remy hadn't been in uniform for three years, but you didn't have to be a shrink to notice his preference for _Colonel_ over _Mister_. In the club, rank gave off the same clear ring that had made Remy pursue it all his life. The steward returned with the drinks. Patrice took a sip of his spritzer and frowned; they were using the cheap house table white again, brought in from California in 10,000-gallon tank cars. He handed his glass back to Willis. "Please tell the bartender to use the Montrachet he keeps under the bar for the chiefs of staff."
"Yessir, Mr. St. Jean. You're right, sir. There's a special stash for the flags."
Patrice saw the flicker of contempt cross Remy's craggy face. For a man in his middle fifties, Remy still had the body of a younger man, soldier or athlete. Pat knew he could still knock out the push-ups or run five miles before breakfast, though why any grown man would need to, want to, or actually do it baffled him. He considered it a sign of mental insufficiency. "Come on, now, Colonel Fair," he said mildly. "You wouldn't settle for Early Times when you ordered Jack Daniel's, would you?"
"Yeah, but that's whisky we're talking about, Pat. Not that French soda pop of yours."
The voice was quiet, friendly enough. On closer inspection, Patrice could see that Remy was beginning to lose some of the hard, angular lines he'd always been able to keep in place before retiring from the Army. Another twenty years, he would look just like Gus Buell.
Over the years, Gus had told Patrice everything about Remy. In Vietnam, he served as one of Gus's captains in the 5th Special Forces Group, a water walker headed for two or three stars. The problem was that he bucked too hard for the first one.
One night in the middle 1970s, when Remy was running the U.S. Special Forces in Korea, he cooked up a scheme to capture a North Korean prisoner. Something no one had managed to do since the war. His idea was to send a daylight patrol out along the DMZ right under the nose of the North Koreans. The patrol left behind a rucksack, with an antenna sticking out, as if it were an accident. Then Remy tasked a second patrol to ambush the Northerners when they came to pick up the gift package that night. They smelled something rotten and didn't take the bait, but one of the men on the SF A-Team tripped an SK mine and two of the SF warriors were killed.
Gus told Pat that Remy chalked the fiasco off to bad luck and hid it as a training exercise gone wrong. He got away with it until another member of the team wrote a letter to the American ambassador in Seoul that said: "Fucking Colonel Fair. He'd start World War III to get himself a little glory."
Remy would have been out on his ass, but Gus got him off the hook. True to form, Remy thanked his old mentor for saving his career but never forgave him for not saving his star.
Whenever Patrice saw them together, it always struck him that Remy looked like a man still planning a payback. He'd warned Gus about it once, but Gus was too easygoing to take him seriously. It had been Gus who got Remy the job at T. C. Johnson. After the Gulf War, he had mustered out as a bird colonel looking for a regular paycheck. He went through wives like most men go through socks: three, all into him for their monthly chunk of alimony. Then there was Denise Littlejohn, the blond, high-maintenance Morgan Fairchild look-alike he had promoted from temp in the TCJ secretarial pool to full-time, live-in girlfriend.
During the media circus in the Gulf, Remy had cracked the whip over the Joint Information Bureau—he had half the reporters in the world feeding out of his hand—so TCJ made him Director of Public Relations at $400,000 a year. He had risen fast to become Senior Vice President for International Affairs, the company's best, hands-on troubleshooter.
His portfolio included the F-44 fighter, T. C. Johnson's gilded bridge to the twenty-first century. When Senator Taylor informed Patrice that the new title had come through, Patrice had said with a sigh, "So they finally made Remy Veep for War and Peace—now he can just about afford Denise."
"I want to thank everyone for coming on such short notice," Remy said after Willis brought Patrice his drink upgrade. Pat took a sip. He was handsome in an early Truman Capote sort of way, five-six in his stocking feet. The deep leather chair he was sitting in almost swallowed him up. The three other men looked at him, waiting for him to speak. "What's on your mind, Pat?" Remy finally asked.
Patrice put the glass down. "The senator has developed some doubts about the F-44."
"Is that right?" Remy's voice was glacial. "He told me he was on board only two weeks ago."
"He was, until your last numbers came in. He thinks eighty billion dollars is a little steep. Even if it is spread out over five years. You said it was goin' to be half that."
"We said that eighteen months ago, before the Armed Services Committee started fiddle-fucking around. Times change, costs go up. You know that, Pat. The R and D is killing us."
"Ah, but reform, _mon colonel_. What about reform? What about cost _cutting?_ How is it going to look—Senator Taylor, defense reformer, the man who killed the Atticus missile single-handed, running for President with the drag from this ball and chain? Not so good, don't you agree?"
"We had a done deal, Pat."
"Deal? The senator doesn't deal. We had an understandin'."
"Are you fucking with me, Pat?" The voice too quiet this time.
"Okay, let's call it a done understandin'. But it done come undone. He can't go for eighty bil."
Fair looked down at his glass and clinked the ice cubes. They clicked softly, like tumblers falling in the lock of a fine safe. "And how is our senator going to be President if he doesn't have a pot to piss in?" he said, looking up at Patrice and raising the glass. "Not so good, either. Don't you agree?"
The two military officers looked at each other uncomfortably. This was not what they had come for. They rose to leave. "Not a problem, gentlemen," Patrice said quickly, motioning with his hand for them to sit down. "We're all friends here. Colonel Fair is just talkin' in the abstract." He smiled easily, giving it a little time. "Let's keep things in perspective," he said. "The senator is goin' to be President. We should be talkin' about protectin' an asset, not punchin' out his lights."
Fair tapped his fingers slowly on his glass. "What kind of an asset are you talking about, Pat?"
"High grade, same as always. But you don't think I'm goin' to let my man go out there in front of everyone and get himself killed, do you? Come on, Remy. You know the rules. You want somethin' to happen, you gotta make somethin' happen."
Fair waggled his fingers at Willis. "Okay, okay, Pat. Tell us what you need."
"Some new ammunition. You've known him longer than I have. Give me something I can use."
Remy pointed to Colonel Hollander, who nodded to Major Jennings. The major had a green ring binder under his arm about the size of the New York City phone book. He opened it on the coffee table in front of them.
"As you know, Mr. St. Jean," Colonel Hollander began, "the Department of Defense has ordered us to downsize everywhere. We're almost finished updating our list of base closings." He looked over to the other officer. "Major, what would be the impact on Ohio if we close Taft Air Force Base?"
The major flipped through the pages in the binder.
"Sir, it would take out 16,500 jobs and remove about two point five billion from the local economy."
"Anything else?"
"That's a good start," Patrice said, smiling cherubically. "Thank you, Colonel Hollander. Why don't you leave that binder with me? I'm sure Senator Taylor will find it interestin' readin'." He looked quickly at his watch. "I know you two gentlemen need to get back to the Pentagon. Let's stick Colonel Fair here with the check and we won't waste any more of your time."
When the two officers were gone, Patrice pushed aside his half-finished spritzer. "It's not enough, Remy."
The older man closed his eyes tiredly. "What else do you want from us, Pat?"
"A new number, Remy. Drop the price by ten billion."
"That's a twelve percent cut, Pat. You're asking me to put the profit line near danger red."
"Come on, Remy. The senator gets some glory, you'll still be gettin' half your loaf and you can pick up the rest in cost overruns. You didn't really expect him to swallow the whole thing in one gulp, did you?"
"Is that all, Pat?"
"I hope so."
"It sure as hell better be," said the fixer. Raising his hand, he signaled Willis to bring him the check.
* * *
At 8:45 that evening, Adelle Reiner, Senator Taylor's personal secretary, took off her headphones and straightened her hair. She was a handsome woman in her late fifties. Hazel eyes. Straight brown hair just touching her narrow shoulders. A silk scarf knotted in the French style. Locking the transcriber in her desk drawer, she gathered up her purse and coat. She'd missed dinner, but the last tape was transcribed and she could go home.
"Quittin' early, _chér?_ " Patrice called across the empty office.
"Even the slaves get to eat occasionally."
"Stay another hour and I'll take you to dinner."
"Another hour and I'll be dead of malnutrition. See you tomorrow, _mon ami_." Straightening her scarf, she put on her coat and left, closing the door softly behind her.
Patrice heard the lock click and told himself to relax. He felt restless. The thing with the reporter bothered him. He had tried to tell Julian no dice on the project, but you didn't just say no to the national press. The following day, Julian had run into Senator Taylor at the State Department. It had taken the editor maybe two nanoseconds of stroking to talk the subject back into the game.
Patrice knocked at the senator's door.
"Give me a minute, Pat. I'm busy."
He looked at the tall grandfather clock ticking loudly at the end of the room. When two minutes had passed, he knocked again, then went in and stood by the window looking out at the Capitol. At night, the dome, bathed in silver light, always reminded him of a giant sugar Easter egg, the ones with an eyehole and a little world of surprises inside. Little men, little bunnies.
"Please listen to me, Senator," he said, turning back to face Taylor. "The reporter's going to be here any minute. Shmoozin' is fine. But this story is a stupid idea."
"Forty acres and a mule in the _Chronicle?_ All for free? The timing couldn't be better."
"It couldn't be worse."
"What are you talking about."
"The last thing you need lookin' over your shoulder right now is a woman reporter. She'll get stuck on you, if she isn't already, and then she'll go for your balls when she finds out you're not interested."
"Never happen."
"Trust me on this. What'll you tell her when she asks you about Vietnam, about ODA 351?"
"The truth."
The buzzer rang loudly in the outer office. "Let her wait," Patrice snapped.
Senator Taylor loosened his tie, rolled up his sleeves and sat down behind his desk. He looked at the younger man thoughtfully. "You know, Pat, I can't tell you how much pleasure it gives me every now and then just to see you sweat."
"Bad joke, Senator."
Senator Taylor smiled. "Behind all that slick patois of yours, Pat, you really don't have much of a sense of humor, do you?"
* * *
Senator Taylor took off his reading glasses when Abbie came into the office. Snapping shut a ring binder in Air Force blue, he rose, walked around the desk and squeezed her hand with both of his. "Nice to see you again, Abbie."
The voice, she had to admit, was great, the baritone deep, the eyes a warm dark brown. "Thank you for seeing me, Senator. Do you always work this late?"
"Only when Patrice puts a pistol to my head. Did you see him outside?"
"You mean the little guy with the attitude? If I were you, I'd do what he says."
Senator Taylor laughed. "Good advice. You want a job?"
"Got one. A story on you. Julian tells me you've talked about it."
"Something about Vietnam? He said you'd fill me in on the details."
"That's right." She consigned Julian to another year in hell. They hadn't even talked about the thrust of the story. "The idea, umm, is to say something new about Vietnam... to connect the sixties to the nineties."
He looked at her carefully.
"First we'd have to connect the fifties to the thirties. As you've pointed out, you were only a year or two old when I was over there. What makes you think you could understand me?"
She flushed. "I'd do my best. We might have to spend a lot of time together." The old bait and switch. Use it and they'd hoot at you in New York or Los Angeles or even Dallas, for godsakes. In Washington, they still gobbled it up. He hesitated. Maybe she was reading him wrong. "I've done some extra homework on you," she said quickly.
He sat down on the couch to the left of his desk. "What have you learned so far?" She walked across the room and took a chair facing him. The cushion was soft and she sank in deeply, stretching her skirt tightly above her knees. That left just about everything showing. Nothing to be done about it. Oddly enough, he didn't seem to notice.
"All right, here's the sketch. Diplobrat meets armybrat at Andover. Discovers General Caine as hero and new father figure. Excels at Point. Kicks ass in Nam. Headed for four stars. Bad break. Leg and career. But keeps running, Congress, Senate—next stop, the White House."
She was on autopilot now, racing on with the pitch. "Up to now, military service for a President has always meant World War II. Or draft dodging. You will be the first President forged in Vietnam. That's what makes this story so strong. It's not just about you, it's about the whole country. It's what's in the wind. Out of the quagmire and into the twenty-first century."
He raised his hand. "Okay, okay, enough, Miss Mancini. You really know how to shovel it, don't you?"
Goddamn it, Abbie. Who did you think you were stroking, Bob Dole? He saw the chagrin on her face and laughed, but in a friendly enough way.
"I'm sorry, Senator, I..."
"Forget it, Abbie. It comes with the turf. Look, I've spent the last twenty-five years puking over what happened to us in Vietnam. To all of us. I hate to spoil your story, but there it is."
She felt a rush of embarrassment. Rattling on like a dope, forcing him to stop her.
"I apologize," she said.
"No need."
"No, really. Seriously. Sandy Caine has told me a lot about you." That seemed to surprise him. "When was the last time you saw him?"
"Mogadishu, then that day at Fort Myer when you took me to dinner."
"Is that right? What did he say?"
"He thinks General Caine is the Supreme Being, and you're right up there next to him."
He frowned. "Look, maybe Patrice is right. Why don't we drop this story."
Big one's getting away, Abs. Time for heroic measures. Rising from the chair, she moved over to the couch and sat next to him. "That would be a real shame, Jeff. Modesty becomes you, but it's out of place in a candidate."
"You sound just like Patrice."
"Didn't you say you always listen to him?"
"Most of the time. I listen to General Caine, Sandy, too, sometimes, as you already seem to know. How is he?"
"Fine. But something happened to him in Mogadishu, Senator, and he seems to be brooding about it."
"Do you know what it was?"
"Something about one of his men getting killed. Perkins, Sergeant Perkins. Sandy said he was a lifer. Knew his father. That's all I know."
Senator Taylor was sitting all the way back in the couch now. He reminded her of her father puzzling over a diagnosis when the symptoms were ambiguous. Clearly something was bothering him too.
"Lying doesn't come naturally to you, does it?" he said abruptly. It shocked her. "God, Senator, what do you expect me to say? 'No, it doesn't come naturally, I have to work really hard at it,' or, 'Boy, are you wrong, I do it like a pro—all the time.' "
"You know what, Abbie?" he said, smiling at her. "They'd eat you alive around here."
"Who?"
For a moment he studied his hands. Then he seemed to make up his mind about something. "Sandy told me all about Perkins. That was a couple of days after Fort Myer. The last time you say you saw him, right?"
"Right."
"I don't think so. Julian told me you just got back from Bosnia. You saw Sandy again, didn't you? Over there."
"I was working on some investigative stuff for Julian."
"Knock it off, Abbie. There are seven or eight senators left up here who can still add two and two and get four."
She started to get up. Julian would be furious, but enough was enough. Blowing Sandy's cover wasn't part of the deal. "Okay, okay, loyalty is a virtue," the senator said.
Leaning toward her, he took her hand. "Okay, you've persuaded me," he said. "We'll do the story. I don't meet many women like you."
Tie him up, Abs, before he gets away. "I thought we might start with the story of your Special Forces team—how you put it together and where it took you."
He smiled as though he had been prepared for the question. "All right," he said, "I'll need a while to think about it. Give me a couple of days. Talk to Patrice. He'll book us some more time."
As if on cue, they both stood up, the impulse wired into them by a city whose central nervous system ran on unspoken signals. Abbie absently reached for her purse. Okay, so the guy's on the far side of fifty and practically Sandy's uncle. But, admit it, Abs, he's very attractive. As she walked toward the door, she felt just the smallest stitch of disappointment that he hadn't offered to drive her home.
* * *
In the old cloakroom next to the senator's private office, Patrice punched a button. It turned off the tape system that recorded everything said on the other side of the wall. He shook his head and slipped back into the outer office just as Abbie came out alone looking pleased.
"You score?" he asked.
"I'd call it a tie, but he wants you to book us some more time."
"I'll get back to you tomorrow. Probably be three or four days before I can find a slot."
"That works for me," she said. "I've got a couple of things I need to get out of the way before we start." She paused. "I'm going to need more than just a sit-down with the boss, Patrice. It's gotta be total immersion, you know that, don't you?"
"Is that what he says?"
"It's what I say."
"For you, _chér_ , I'll do my best."
The grandfather clock began to strike ten, an oddly high chime, not the basso gong she expected. "French," Patrice said. "A Bouvier. Paris to New Orleans, 1810. I think the bull-balls WASP kind are oppressive, don't you? All that self-dramatizing _BONG, BONG, BONG_."
She laughed. "You crack me up. Where did he find you?"
" _Au contraire, chér_. I found him. Where can I drop you?"
They got their coats and took the elevator down to the subterranean garage where the Porsche was waiting. "Always makes me feel like Batman," he said as they came roaring up and out into the night. Slamming the Porsche into third, he raced down Constitution Avenue and turned right. He waited until they had shot through the tunnel under Dupont Circle to hit her with it.
"Don't make any mistakes about the senator."
As they started up the hill she looked out the window at the Hilton where the nut shot Ronald Reagan. The Porsche wheeled left, crested the rise and sped past the Chinese Embassy.
"Which mistakes?"
"You've just been Taylored, Miss Mancini."
"What's that supposed to mean?"
"The senator is very charming."
"I'm a big girl, Pat."
He dropped into second and pulled to a stop at the light on Albemarle. "I can see that. You are a very special woman. I mean it. That's the problem. Our common problem—his, yours, mine."
"I don't get it."
"He's been looking for someone like you, Miss Mancini, whether he knows it or not. I'm telling you this because you're going to find out anyway. The divorce really whacked him."
"Million girls in this town, Pat."
"Not like Janine Walker Taylor. Or like you."
"I still don't get it."
"What?"
"I thought you were pimping for him. Wasn't that what you did with me at Fort Myer?"
"No."
"What was it, then?"
"Little matter of control. Handling, I suppose. You work for an important paper. We should know you and you should know us. Beyond that, he's my boss and I love him dearly. I think the country needs him. And right at this moment, I don't need you or anyone else like you running around him with your heart on your sleeve. I don't need it, you don't need it and, if you'll forgive me, the country doesn't need it. He's got to stay focused."
When they came to the corner of Woodley Road, she pointed and he pulled to the curb. Slipping out easily, she came around to his side of the Porsche and leaned down to the window.
"Relax, Pat. Nothing's going to happen. It can't—I'm on a story. Besides, Mancinis don't do love." She patted his hand. "Thanks for the ride."
As she headed down into the park, she allowed herself a smile. Abs, she thought, you are a thief. Stealing Sandy's line like that. Picking up speed, she pushed it as fast as her girlie pumps would take her, wishing she could break all the way out. Run.
#
TWENTY-SIX
#
*** Georgetown ***
The cab took a right off M Street and went up Wisconsin Avenue past the singles promenade, working girls and working boys heading for the cozy bars of Georgetown. Abbie looked across the seat at Julian. Julian looked bored.
At Thirty-fifth Place, the driver turned and dropped them in front of a small brick town house. In the light of the street lamps, Patrice St. Jean's place reminded her of one of those little houses you see arranged in toy villages at Christmas: white brick, three stories, with a sharply peaked slate roof and glowing windows. Wishing she'd worn something heavier over her new silk dress, she stood in front of the door watching the silvery contrails of her breath until a maid in a black uniform and starched white apron answered the bell.
Taking their coats, the maid ushered them through the entrance hall to a long room painted a pleasant blue gray. Close to the color of Sandy's eyes, Abbie thought. When he wasn't at war. The walls were hung with watercolors of the French Quarter in New Orleans. Pastel kelims were thrown artfully over wood floors pickled a grayish white.
The entertainment area segued into a professional kitchen, gleaming with a Wolf six-burner. Suspended from stainless-steel racks bolted to the ceiling were enough All-Clad pots and pans to run Lutece. From the middle of this culinary theater, the tenor voice of the host came floating out to the assembled guests.
"Does everyone have a bib?"
She did a double take. The men were suited up in conservative Brooks Brothers gear—most of the women were also playing it safe in pearls and generic silk dresses or suits. All of them were wearing large white bibs. Starched linen with CHEZ PATRICE lettered in handsome blue embroidery. Abbie did some quick calculations. Pat's hand laundering costs for this party would pay her grocery bill for a week.
She had never seen Nina Barrington in a bib. The world-class climber was chatting with Rafe Dolland, builder, fund-raiser, New Democrat. Looking over his shoulder, Nina was scouring the room, less intent on listening to Dolland than looking for her next husband, preferably someone straight this time—a breeder before her biological clock ran out. Children were so validating in photo layouts.
Abbie saw Dick Milton, the Pentagon correspondent for one of the networks, a guy who looked like a cop, bringing a drink to Admiral Collins, the Navy Chief of Operations. The rest of the crowd was made up of power staffers from the House and Senate, military officers, think tank brain trusters and other nongovernmental organizations.
All of them had the host's blue logo around their necks.
Holding a giant silver tray aloft, Patrice St. Jean came out from behind the huge Wolf range with the hors d'oeuvres, baby back ribs, glazed prawns, blackened chicken on small skewers, Cajun by aroma and crust.
A tall man in a short tux coat and formal trousers took the tray and began distributing the appetizers, neatly dropping them onto small white dishes, then slipping them into the hands of the guests. "Hey, Pat," shouted a middle-aged guy in a navy cashmere sportcoat. "No napkins?"
"Use your bib, Gordo. Miss Manners says it's okay. You can look it up."
"I'm gonna mess up my glass here."
Patrice laughed.
"Like I said, use the bib, _then_ pick up your glass. CIA rules. If your prints aren't on it, it didn't happen."
He saw Abbie and blew her a kiss. She smiled and wiggled a finger at him as he headed back to the range.
Only six weeks had passed since he met her and introduced her to Senator Taylor. But he made it feel as if they'd been friends forever. She'd checked his bio at the _Chronicle_. Lapsed Catholic, educated by the Jebbies, degree in political science at Tulane. In New Orleans during the greed-is-good 1980s, his father, Emile St. Jean, opened Scaramouche, the hottest restaurant on Bourbon Street. Around Georgetown, power players and about-to-be's killed for invitations to Patrice's chic little dinners. Emile shipped the crawfish and shrimp up from the Big Easy. Patrice manned the Wolf, putting into it all the intensity he normally reserved for obsessions like back lighting and polls.
Pat was not what you'd call a man of the Establishment. The path he had followed to town was eccentric, full of the same kind of twists that had made spinmeisters out of James Carville and Dick Morris. His people were southern Democrats, but that hadn't stopped him from crossing the street to mix with Republicans. When he heard about Jeff Taylor's congressional ambitions in Cincinnati, he got on the next bus and enlisted with Taylor as a volunteer. In six months he was Chief of Staff.
Julian tugged at her arm and nodded across the room. The General and a shorter, red-faced man in a glen plaid suit were in deep conversation. Standing next to them, a tall man in a charcoal suit with continental vents was staring at Julian. On Julian's behalf, Abbie returned the stare. The guy had a drink in his hand but he wasn't mixing with the other guests. He was the only other guest in the room without a bib.
"Come with me," Julian said. "I want you to meet someone."
Circling past Nina and her latest victim, Julian led her over to the three men.
"Julian," boomed the red-faced man as they came up. "I thought you couldn't make it tonight."
"Wouldn't miss it, Gus," Julian replied, patting the older man's shoulder. It didn't seem to occur to him to introduce the woman at his side. The General frowned. "We've met before," he said, extending his hand to Abbie. As if his suit had been trained, his sleeve drew back, revealing half an inch of starched French cuff and a small gold cuff link in perfect taste.
"Yes, General Caine," she said. "At Fort Myer."
Before the General could reply, Gus nudged Julian forward and took both of them by the elbow. "Would you excuse us, Miss," he said to Abbie. "The boys need to talk about the toys."
He seemed to be excluding the charcoal suit next to them. It suddenly occurred to Abbie that she had seen the man once before. Also at Fort Myer. Standing at the rear of the Officers Club with the same detached look on his face. It had been impossible to tell whether he was a little drunk, contemptuous of the crowd, or just shy. He looked the same way now.
Behind her, she heard Gus bulldogging Julian forward. "Go ahead, man. I want you to ask General Caine what he thinks about the F-44."
"We've met, too," she said, holding out her hand to their silent partner.
"I don't think so."
His eyes were pale blue, remote. His voice sounded vaguely military.
"Yes, I keep running into you." Abbie tried a smile. "What do you do?"
"Security."
"Secure enough to tell me your name? Or is it top secret?"
He didn't smile. Finally, he said, "Forgive me, Miss Mancini. I didn't mean to be rude. I was thinking about something else. I'm Remington Fair."
"Fair and milder. Sorry, couldn't resist. I'll bet you get that all the time."
"That's a bet you'd win." He put his glass down.
"So what do you really do?"
"I keep an eye on things, Miss Mancini. Like you."
The effect was instant. He gave off a low-voltage current, a tingle of danger that intrigued her. She took a step back and looked at him.
"FBI, Secret Service, CIA?"
"Amateurs," he said, but at least she had drawn a faint smile from him. He pointed across the room. "Can I get you a drink?" he said.
He let her lead the way. She took a Perrier from the bartender who reached over to the credenza behind him and handed her the next-to-last bib from the pile.
Remington Fair ordered a double Jack D. rocks, then moved in alongside her. He didn't make any noise. Even the ice cubes were silent.
"Who are they?" she asked him, pointing to two men arguing a few feet beyond the bar, their hands sweeping through the air like two old fighter jocks reliving a raid.
"I'll introduce you," he said.
The two officers were so deep into it their radar didn't pick up the approach of Abbie and her stealth escort. The taller of the two men was right on the other's tail firing rockets up the pipe of the Navy's pet F-18E/F fighter. "That plane won't hunt," he was saying. "Won't hunt, won't fly, won't die. You just can't give it up, can you?"
"Come on, every new system has bugs."
"Bugs? The F-18E/F is Bugs fuckin' Bunny. Go into a dogfight, you snap off a wing."
"Yeah, well, there was some wobbling in the tests, but they're fixing it."
"Fixing it, my ass. Your guys say no problem, we'll just run a strip of sandpaper down there where we're getting the stress fractures. It's Cripple Creek, Mitch. Only thing that sucker's dangerous to is the guy strapped in there flying it. You can't trust it, and you know it. While you're sitting there wondering what it's going to do next, Captain Poon Tang from Pyong Yang shoots your ass off."
Fair poked his finger in the tall guy's back.
"Freeze, Les. You've got company."
Mr. Tall turned around slowly. "Hey, it's the merry messenger from T. C. Johnson."
"Colonel Randolph, U.S. Air Force, Captain Mitchell, U.S. Navy, I'd like you to meet Abigail Mancini. Better watch what you say, Les. You might read yourself in the _Chronicle_."
"You're talking planes, Colonel?" she said. "What about the F-44?"
"You're setting me up, Remy," the captain replied, throwing up his hands as Colonel Randolph homed in for the kill.
"The F-44 is God's own angel of death, Miss Mancini. The answer to all our prayers."
One last shot from the captain. "Pretty damn expensive for an angel, Les. Eighty big ones over the next ten years.
"Worth it, Mitch, every penny. You know as well as I do the Navy should pack it in on the F-18E/F. What good is a gold-plated blue angel with crippled wings?"
The officer turned triumphantly toward Abbie. She saw for the first time he was loaded. "What's a good-looking girl like you wondering about an airplane?" he said.
"Ah, Colonel Randolph," she said, smiling at him brightly. "A question in return for your question. How good is your angel of death going to be if it gets the kiss of death a little higher up in the heavens? Like in the Senate?"
Out of the corner of her eye, she saw Julian watching her.
" 'Bye, Colonel Randolph," she said, leaving him to scope out her legs. "Perhaps we could get together again, Mr. Fair. I'll like to hear more about the F-44. If you'll all excuse me, I better cover the room. One story a party and Julian sends you back to the bush leagues."
She began working her way toward Patrice's proscenium, where Dick Milton was leaning against the serving island trying to hold his own with Charles Rogers. Milton was notorious for carrying the Pentagon's water dutifully onto the television news each night. Rogers was a retired Marine who ran a small news service that did investigative reports, a whistle-blower. The services chiefs considered him a traitor. Lazy reporters hated it when their editors told them to follow up on his scoops. They put him down.
Milton was bloviating about the hostility of civilians toward the Pentagon.
"The people still stereotype, you know," he was saying. "These guys aren't like Patton. They've got advanced degrees now. Outside, they'd be running big corporations."
"Christ, you think that's good, Dick?"
"Sure do. The world's more complicated than it used to be. These are complex guys."
Charles still had a gyrene's temper and tongue. "You know what's wrong with you, Dick? Brass-ass syndrome. You've got your nose pushed so far up there you can't see straight anymore. You ever a grunt?"
"Navy, Charles. I did my time. Don't give me that civvie shit."
"Navy? Well, I guess that explains it."
Abbie stifled a laugh and moved on. What a shame Rogers was so happily married. He was definitely her kind of guy.
At ten minutes to nine, Patrice yelled cheerfully from the stove, "Last call, everyone. Grab a glass."
Chatting and laughing, the guests began filtering dutifully into the dining room. The tablesettings were silver, old and gracefully French, weirdly complementing the bibs. "Pat's M.O.," she heard someone whisper. "Git'em by the bib, their balls are sure to follow."
A couple in servants' uniforms served from the dumbwaiter. A gumbo, then a crawfish, shrimp and rice thing that was the specialty at Scaramouche. When everything was perfect, Patrice swept into the room. He reminded Abbie of a fashion designer hitting the catwalk at the end of a show, accepting applause.
Sitting next to her, he picked up his spoon and tried the gumbo.
"Too much _vierge púre_ ," he said, thinking aloud. "I should have been more subtle."
She reached over and patted his hand. "Give me a break, Pat. I cook."
It broke him up. "They told me you were dangerous."
"Who said?"
"Oh, people. People who hate reporters." The abrupt jump startled her, the note of warning, but his eyes were sparkling merrily. She wondered if he did coke.
"Whoever could hate reporters?" she said. "We're just misunderstood."
"True, I couldn't agree with you more," he said, changing directions just as violently. "Julian tells me you're one of his best."
"He tells me I'm a menace."
"You don't look all that menacing to me."
"Are you disappointed?"
"Devastated. 'The prince cannot sharpen his wits on a dull enemy.' "
She looked at the silk shirt and Hermes tie. Good clothes made some little guys look even smaller. Patrice seemed to grow as he talked.
"All right," he said. "What's your pitch?"
"The Vietnam special. Don't tell me you don't know about it already."
"Old chestnut, wouldn't you say? I think Julian's getting geriatric."
"Not if Senator Taylor is the next—"
"You don't have to say it, _chér_. It sounds sort of tacky." He wiped his lips on the bib and picked up his wineglass. "Tell me. What is your opinion of Cabernet Sauvignon? Louis Martini, fifty-eight?"
"The rust was barely off the vines. Good, but not truly great."
He put his hands on the table and stared at her. For once, she'd surprised him. "I'm a Valley Girl, Pat. St. Helena High, class of '83.
"An excellent year for Napa, as I recall. You'll like dessert," he said. "Made it myself, of course." Then, making his third leap as quickly as the first two, "You're in. Julian and I have talked. I've been able to do a little jugglin'. The senator will see you tomorrow. He's got hearin's all day and drop-bys until eight o'clock. He wants you to meet him at his office around nine."
"If you and Julian worked this all out, why dinner tonight?"
"I wanted to check your taste. The dress is attractive. Nicole Miller, isn't it? My respects. Not a woman in here thinks farther than St. John. Except, of course, dear Nina."
#
TWENTY-SEVEN
#
**Alexandria * Virginia**
At ten-thirty that same evening, on a dead-end street in a run-down industrial zone near Alexandria, the security lights went on outside Dunbar's Used Appliances. Sodium fluoron illuminators. The best money could buy. In their beams, the display window, covered with six months of dust and grime, took on an eerie greenish-yellow glow.
Inside, John Trask leaned back in his chair and considered the lighting. He liked the way it played across the overalls covering his muscular body. The colors reminded him of the nights with the rheumatic fever. The walls at the Sisters of Charity infirmary. His body burning. The baby oil and powder heavy in the air from the nursery down the hall. Sister Theresa leaning over him with the cool washrag, dabbing at his face. Only time she ever touched him without smacking him. And the walls of the orphanage behind her. That familiar institutional green. Distant, cool. As if he could close his eyes and disappear into them.
Half an hour to go. Almost time. Bed check never came later than eleven o'clock, after that only when Mad Max had a mission.
Trask looked at the window. Masterpiece, he thought to himself. He had filled it from the junk boxes at the Salvation Army: next to an old toaster with a frayed cotton cord, an ancient waffle iron gaped like a scorched clam. He'd arranged half a dozen museum-piece radios from the tube era inside a circle of matching hair dryers, setting the composition off against a broken Hamilton blender, also green in keeping with the dominant color scheme. It would never make another malt. The final touch was the lava lamp. It still worked if you shook it hard before plugging it in. At night, it put out a throbbing light, purplish black, the color of the bruises on a corpse.
Trask giggled. His own little cemetery for the badly wired.
To the window, he had taped a sign that said, YOU FRY IT, WE FIX IT. (NO TVS). He had worked the lettering up on his computer using a streamlined font and a laser printer for the post-modern effect. Sharp. The bit about the televisions was an afterthought. Heavy fuckers. Too much of a pain in the ass to hump around.
Next to the front door hung one of those clock things that said, WE'RE OUT NOW. BACK AT... Big hand on 12, little hand on 4. Trask smiled, remembering how the sisters had rapped his knuckles when he had been slow at telling time. He wasn't slow now.
The place had been an auto body shop before Trask leased it on orders from Mad Max. The hydraulic lift was still there, along with a one-car kiln for curing paint jobs. The walls were covered in white tile. The smell of Lysol mingled with the pine scent deodorizer. Everything clean, pure.
Purity of mission. Trask's favorite phrase. He had picked it up in Guatemala from a CIA guy trying to work both sides of the death squads and keep a clear conscience. "For 'em or agin' 'em, you can't do without 'em down here," the guy had said. Something like that. What you had to keep in mind was the larger picture—the purity of the mission. Always worked for John Trask.
Up on the lift right now was a white truck stripped down to the body frame. Propped against the walls was a large assortment of spare doors and panels. The set with the crisp blue and white striping said BELL ATLANTIC. Next to it was a second set done in brown lettering made to look like parquet woodwork. This one said FLOOR IT—BOB'S SANDING & REFINISHING. The telephone number below the name of the company connected to the message machine on Trask's desk. Trask never returned the messages. Lying face up on the floor next to the lift was the latest set, that pale green again: LEDYARD'S WHOLESALE FLORISTS. WEDDINGS, PARTIES, FUNERALS.
Behind the lift, the rear wall was covered floor to ceiling with chromium shelves. The shelves were stacks of sealed plastic boxes where Trask kept his snooping gear: the best bugs from the East and West blocs; all the old pets from the CIA and KGB; pick-ups and transmitters from Japan; an Italian oscilloscope in the best Milanese post-modern industrial design. You could put it in a fucking art museum. In the corner was the telescoping transmitter antennae he had stolen off a news van parked overnight behind the Rose of Tralee Tavern in Norfolk.
Norfolk was for R and R. Standing orders from Mad Max were no mixing with indigenous personnel anywhere inside 100 miles of the District of Columbia. Didn't really matter, anyway. Trask no longer trusted himself to take R and R. He knew he wasn't a looker. His luck, lost along with the parents who had dumped him in the orphanage, had done that to him. _Alopecia universalis_ , Sister Theresa called it. He had absolutely no body hair. No beard, no eyebrows or lashes. Nothing. All his life he looked weird.
He wore women's false eyelashes, trimming them for a more masculine effect. Tattooing took care of the eyebrows—it was a good job, you could hardly tell. But there was nothing he could do about the rest. For a while, after the Michael Jordan look came in, and hip dudes were all getting baldies at the barbers, things had been better. He stopped wearing hats and even thought about getting that other place tattooed, if they'd do it. Then one night down in Norfolk, in a hot-sheet joint down the block from the Rose of Tralee, this hooker had laughed at him while he washed up before coming to bed. Called him Mr. Clean. Asked if he came in a bottle.
He broke her neck. Then he took his razor and shaved off her pubic hair until she looked like a little girl, at least as much like a little girl as someone with tits that big could look like. After that he cut out her tongue and stuck it in her snatch. When the cops found her, she could talk from down there. He saved the best for last, sucking her nipples until he could taste the blood. Made the news, better believe it. Best Live-at-Five shit Norfolk had had in weeks. Good he'd worn the mask. Cops said they were looking for a maniac. Cracked him up. Shit, it wasn't even his day job.
That had been two months ago. Since then things had been very, very quiet.
Quarter to eleven now. He started to doze off.
_Clack, clack, clack_.
Three sharp taps on the window.
Trask jumped up, reaching for the knife in the desk drawer. Unfucking believable. The woman was standing outside the window with a portable TV in her arms, little white job, pushed up against her belly as if she was pregnant with it or something. Third time today. Once at lunch hour, once at four-thirty. Both times he had stayed back in the body shop and she'd gone away. Now it was going on midnight. And this time she had seen him.
_Clack, clack_.
Hands wrapped around the set. Knocking on the glass door with her head. Her glasses were making all the racket. No way he could escape. Holding the knife behind his back, he went to the door and opened it a crack, leaving on the chain. The woman was panting from the weight of the set.
"I knew you'd be here," she said. "I get off work at ten and I've had this thing in the back of the car all day. I thought I'd take one last chance on the way home."
Trask pointed to the sign on the window.
"No TVs."
"I know," she said. "Couldn't you make an exception?" She looked down at the set bulging from her belly. "I mean, I fried it, so you fix it, right?" She giggled.
The cunt. Stupid, fucking, pushy cunt.
He felt his neck muscles tighten.
He slammed the door outward with both hands, forgetting the chain. The sound clattered off the empty warehouse across the street. The force of his blow cracked the window. A large shard of glass fell out and shattered at the woman's feet.
"Oh God," she cried. "I'm sorry."
Trask reached for the chain.
Hearing the rattle, the woman dropped the set and ran to her car. When she was gone, Trask stepped out the door and looked at the set. The screen was cracked. Returning to his desk, he took out a pad and wrote, "Sorry about last night. I thought you were fronting for some guy in the car. If you want, I can fix this for you. No charge." He wrote down the number for his message machine, then he took the note outside and stuck it to the front of the set with a strip of duct tape. If she wants to come back, let her.
Closing the door, he reached over and unplugged the lava lamp. Then he returned the knife to the desk drawer and lit a cigarette. Ten-fifty-five.
_Brrrrrr_. He felt the silent alarm of his pager buzzing softly against his hip.
Not right. The signal always came over the net.
Sonuvabitch.
Trask scrambled to his feet and ran into the back room. Floating across the screen saver on his computer monitor, tropical fish bubbled at him cheerfully. He launched the Internet browser and tapped out an address.
"Come on, come on," he muttered, cursing the machine as it searched for the connection and dawdled over the download.
Then he was there.
"Hogs and Heifers Home Page. Whatever Gets You Through the Night."
H and H was a chat room for bikers. Place to rap about Yamahas, Kawasakis or Harleys. The ultimate in chromium cybersex.
He clicked on a throbbing pink button. The hot link to the private chat rooms. Supposed to be a clit. It looked more like a bunny's nose.
Not many lonely hearts in the lounge. Bad for cover, but MM was there.
Trask started typing quickly.
"Warm, wet and waiting by the phone. Dear John."
The moniter lit up immediately: "Code Silver. Customer Mancini. 363B Woodley Road, D.C. Needs a new sound system. Mad Max."
"You got it MM. DJ."
Show time. Trask logged off. Someone was really gonna get fucked now.
#
TWENTY-EIGHT
#
*** Sarajevo ***
"We have a problem, Captain Caine. Take a chair, will you?"
General Hunter was standing with his back to the door as Sandy and Nate came into his office. On the wall map, Sandy saw a large red circle marked on the outskirts of Sarajevo. In the mountains. Near the ski area by the look of it.
General Hunter pointed to the circle distastefully, as if it were a wound.
"Two of our lads have been taken."
"Serb bastards?" Nate asked him.
"I wish it were that simple," Hunter said. "The bastards in this case are Muslims." He paused, letting it sink in. "Does that surprise you, gentlemen?"
"Doesn't add up, sir," Nate said. "We're supposed to be on the same side."
"We are not supposed to be on _any_ side as things stand now, Sergeant. The Serbs are the chief butchers in this bloody war, but the Croats and Muslims have their moments, too. Today it's Muslims that we're dealing with." He pointed to the red circle. "Two mujahedeen, three Bosnians. They have Sergeant Forte and Corporal Sprinkles over there in a bloody chalet. Took them this morning on the road. The lads were out running. Overextended their range, I'm afraid."
"I guess I still don't get it, sir."
"Mujahedeen crazies, Sergeant. Inciting Bosnian Muslims. They've been in here freelancing ever since they ran the Russians out of Afghanistan. They hate the British as much as the Russians. We go back a long way, of course. Long before Karl Marx started peddling his bilge. They want to know everything we're doing here. Suspicious devils. Can't say that I blame them entirely. But we can't have it, don't you agree?"
"How much time do we have?" Sandy asked.
"The way this little game is run, it's highly likely that Forte and Sprinkles will soon be hanging from a tree with their balls cut off. And you can be sure that all the fingerprints will point to the Serbs. We're fortunate we have intercepts on their cell phones—that's how we fixed their position."
Sandy felt a prickle of embarrassment run up his neck. If General Hunter knew what the Muslims said on their cell phones, how hard would it be for him to know what was whispered in the bedrooms of the Hotel Astoria?
"We're going to get those lads back. I've got my best man on the way in here now. Lieutenant Colonel Kevin Speed. None better. Falkland Islands, Northern Ireland. The best. He'll take a team and drop in on our friends tomorrow. You'll lead the support force. I want you for Speed's backup."
"Yes, sir."
"Damn right, sir."
"I thought you'd want to join us on this one. You'll have twenty-four men and six choppers. Three transports, three gunships. I want you out on the PZ, blades turning, ready to launch. At first sign of trouble, you go in and beef up Speed."
Sandy nodded.
"The war room will be right here. We will reconvene at six P.M. this evening. Kevin will be here by then. For the rest of it, you're in charge, Captain. If you have any problems give a shout. We don't micromanage the way your senior commanders do. We give a mission order. I will expect you to execute it flawlessly. Understood?"
"Yes, sir."
"That is all." General Hunter walked out of the war room.
#
TWENTY-NINE
#
*** Rock Creek Park ***
The next morning, the clock radio in Abbie's bedroom went off at five-thirty, pulling her up through sleep to the day's first snarl of traffic and weather reports. Normal people had nice alarm clocks. White noise. Surf kissing the beach. Robins singing to their mates. She buried her head under the pillow until the news came on. Three dead in a crack house shoot-out on Sixteenth Street, cars bumper to bumper behind a jackknifed trailer on the Beltway.
She rolled over on her back. Low-pressure area moving up fast from the Carolinas. Great, wonderful, oh what a beautiful morning. She tested the floor with her feet. Shivering, she swung her feet back onto the bed and wrapped her arms around her knees under the shirt's soft protective folds. Lying there she could hear her father's voice rebuking her for chasing bylines instead of diapering babies. Go away, Doctor Dad. You can give up now. Remember triage? Do us both a favor and get off my case.
The self-important bass of the news anchor shifted inanely into happy talk. "There they go again. The Serbs are shelling Bihac. The UN isn't going to stop them. In fact, we have reports that twenty-five UN peacekeepers are now hostages. What do you make of that, Nancy?"
"Amazing, Jim. You just don't know what to think, do you?"
Bihac was within shooting distance of Mostar. They killed hostages, didn't they? Throwing back the covers, she jumped out of bed. Flicking on the lights in the kitchen, she pressed a button that released the modem on the side of the laptop, jacked in the telephone line and called up her e-mail.
One short message from Becca: "Yep on the car. You know where it is. Set of keys up the tailpipe." Nothing from Sandy. She sent a quick one of her own.
To: p@santana.net
From: Amanci@washchron.com
Subject: Missing Persons
Where are you P? You worry me. Gotta lotta stuff for you to think about. Phone home now. YR.
Logging off, she went back upstairs to her bedroom and tossed her tee shirt on the foot of the bed. Patting on a bit of powder where her breasts had been chafing, she stepped into a sports bra, wriggling it up into place, pulled on a red sweatshirt and running shorts, and got down on her knees to search for her cross-trainers. She left the house by the side door. It would be better in the park.
Jogging now. The cold air hitting her face. Much better. Freaking out like that so early in the morning? Not like you, Abbie. Sandy can take care of himself.
A white truck with Bell Atlantic markings was parked in front of the vacant Coorain house, down the block where the concrete sidewalk yielded to a dirt footpath that led into the park. The switching box for the neighborhood was on a pole a few yards down the footpath. The previous summer, when the phone company installed the line for her fax, she had spent a half hour looking over the shoulder of a technician in white overalls who had wired her to the outside world.
The box was full of cables and switches. "Spare pairs," the tech told her, as if she knew all about such things. From then on she had made the box the starting point and finish line of her daily run. An easy mile and a half down to the outskirts of the zoo, then slightly uphill on the way back. Most mornings the circuit took her about thirty minutes.
The door to the truck swung open and a tall guy in a white shirt and black jeans unwound himself from behind the wheel and stepped out. He looked to be in his late thirties, although he had a shaved head, as if he might be a jock. New guy, new look, she reflected as she ran past him. At least the phone company knows how to get something done in this town. She waved and he waved back as she trotted down the dirt path.
* * *
John Trask waited until the girl disappeared into the park. He needed ten minutes. Moving around to the back of the truck, he opened the doors and took out a scuffed leather bag full of tools. Cutters and clips, a pair of needle-nose pliers, the cordless soldering iron. He also grabbed the small nylon pack with his bugs, pinhead microphones with super amplifiers, crystal, spike and contact mikes, carbon mikes and capacitator mikes, all of them micro and wireless, a little something for every contingency.
He picked the lock on the side door of the girl's apartment. A no-brainer. Took maybe fifteen seconds. The job was a soft tap, quicker, more reliable than the old hard-wired bugs. He took a quick sweep of the kitchen, living room and bedroom. Each telephone had four possibilities, the mouthpiece, earpiece, speakerphone and ringer, and this girl had a phone in every room with separate lines for her fax and computer. Plenty of power for piggybacking, no dangerous follow-up visits to change batteries.
Working swiftly, he installed Infinity bugs on all the phones. When they were connected, you could dial a number and punch in a code from anywhere in the world and turn the whole phone into a high-tech spy. You hit the code first, the phone didn't ring, the target could blab her guts out and he would have it all.
As an afterthought, he went upstairs to the bathroom and hooked a subcarrier current bug to the fluorescent light above the medicine cabinet. He'd be able to track her cellular with his scanner, but it was always better to have a backup when they went to the head. The flush could screw everything up.
The femine smell of the bathroom—especially the powder—gave him another idea. Shutting the door, he went back into the girl's bedroom. A low chest of drawers stood against one wall. Kneeling in front of it, he slowly opened the drawer where she kept her panties and bras. He picked a nice white Olga, fancy, the day-job kind. She had half a dozen. Never miss it. He held it up, admiring the cups. Then he crumpled it, buried his face in it, ran his tongue over the underwires. When he was finished, he unbuttoned his shirt and stowed the bra next to his stomach.
Nine minutes later, whistling tunelessly, he walked down the sidewalk to the switching box. It was about five feet high, was made of stainless steel with heavy hinges in the back and three clasp locks on the front. The middle lock had a hexagonal rod as an opener instead of a keyhole. Pulling a ring of stubby wrenches from the leather bag, he experimented until he had the right fit. Then he swung open the box and took a look at the neighborhood's nervous system.
Under a sticker that said MIRROR IMAGE CIRCUITS, dozens of pairs of wires were braided together and tied. It took him less than a minute to sort through the web of connections. Poking among them, he found the spare pair he was looking for and jumped the leads for the girl's phone, fax and computer lines over to the Coorain house.
There was a For Sale sign planted in the lawn next to the slate path leading to the front door in front of the place. He pulled it up and tucked it under his arm. Then he used a key to let himself in. Attached to the key with a little chain was a large round label that said HOLDEN REALTY, A POWER HOUSE THAT'S THERE FOR YOU.
The place was empty. Trask tossed the sign into the hall closet and went into a large rear room with a fireplace and windows that gave an unobstructed view up the backyards of the two houses standing between him and the girl's apartment. The setup was better than a lot he'd seen. Multiple phone jacks on the wall. Coorain must have used it as an office. Plenty of room for his gear. It took him twenty minutes to set up. When he was finished, he took another look around the room. The job could take a week or two. He'd have to bring in a chair and a folding bed. Maybe the time had come to treat himself to a new coffee maker.
He walked to the window and looked across the backyards toward the girl's place. It was getting light now. Sitting down in front of a black console attached to a computer monitor and a recorder, he punched a few buttons to test the pick-up on her e-mail.
To: p@santana.net
From: Amanci@washchron.com
Subject: Missing Persons
Where are you P?...
All there, just right. She must have sent it before waggling her ass down into the park. Who the hell did the bitch think she was waving to him like that? He double-checked the soft taps on the phones. All good to go. He took the bra out of his shirt and hung it above the console.
"Okay, little darling," he said, rewinding the recorder. "You're mine."
#
THIRTY
#
*** Sarajevo ***
That evening, Sandy stood in General Hunter's office examining the map. Nate plunked down on the couch next to Lieutenant Drago. He was about to ask Drago where he came from, when General Hunter walked into the war room.
"Colonel Speed won't be with us tonight, gentlemen. His vehicle hit a mine on the way in. I pray that he will still be with us tomorrow."
He turned and looked at Sandy.
"The show is yours, Captain Caine. My ops officer will fill you in. Captain Thaler will take over the backup unit. Liaise with him. Carry on."
Before Sandy could say anything, General Hunter turned and disappeared.
* * *
"What time you got, Nate?"
Sandy was studying the pilots, who were bent over the instruments of the Blackhawk. The chopper vibrated as the rotor blades began slowly to spin.
"O dark hundred, Hawk."
"Everyone aboard?"
"Roger that."
Sandy tapped the pilot on the helmet and gave him a thumbs-up. "Let's go."
The bird rose and veered to the east, skirting the edge of the dark city below. The rooftops of Sarajevo gave way quickly to mountains. Dropping low, the pilot followed the contour lines of the ridges, hiding the bird, muffling its approach.
Fifteen minutes later, he dropped toward the LZ, a small field in a valley at the foot of a low ridge. On the far side of the valley, on a low shoulder of the next ridge, was the chalet with the Muslims and the two SAS hostages.
The bird landed. Sandy and Nate jumped out, followed by the six men of the rescue team. It was still quite dark. They checked their weapons, then moved quietly into the forest.
No roads, no trails, no noise. For the next six hours it went that way. The navigation by compass, by guess and by God.
"Not bad, Hawk," Nate said, when the sweating raiders finally came out on the side of the valley away from the chalet. "They teach you that in the Ranger course?"
At 1500 hours, Sandy called a halt on a thickly forested knob about 400 meters above the chalet. While he crawled forward on his belly with his field glasses, the other men lay at the prone in a circle around Nate, catching their breath.
"Hey, Drago," Caldwell whispered. "Where you from, man?"
Drago pointed straight ahead over Sandy's receding shoulder. Then he rolled on his side and pointed north. "And that way, about 150 kilometers."
"You from all over the fuckin' place, Drago?"
"Try Zagreb, Sarajevo and Sandhurst. Out of Liverpool." The lieutenant grinned. "The rest of the family is there," he said, pointing south. "My brother's wife's Muslim."
"Jesus," Nate said.
Drago shrugged. "You Yanks have the Hatfields and McCoys. Same here, since 1389."
"Civil War's more like it, man. Even then, I think you got us beat."
"We practiced. Eight hundred years, a million layers of hate."
"Thought Tito chilled you boys out."
"People were more afraid of him than they were of each other. He died, everyone got back at it. We didn't miss a beat."
The captain was going into reverse now, inching back to them.
"How's it look, Hawk?"
"Hunter was right. At least five of them."
"How we gonna do this?"
Sandy looked at his watch. Three-thirty now. An hour and a half until the call to prayer.
"We'll go in at 1700."
"On their knees, easy to please?"
"You got it, Nate. Tell the others to catch ten. I want to brief them at 1600."
* * *
An hour before the call to prayer, Drago tapped the five SAS warriors on the shoulder. They assembled around Sandy and Nate.
"Okay," Sandy whispered. "Here's how we do it. We break into two teams. Drago, I want you to take Nate and Ed Clark over there and make a big noise for me out front. The rest of us will come in from the rear. Clark can use that C-4 of his. Prerig the charge and knock on their door. We'll do the same out back. 1705 sharp, got it?"
"Yes, sir." A chorus.
"Okay, set your watches. Once the front door and the two French windows in the back are blown, both teams will toss in a coupla stun grenades. I want those bastards in shock. Understood?"
Nods this time. No need for anything more.
"Let's move out."
Wiggling down off the knob, they split into two groups and worked their way across the last 200 meters separating them from their objective.
The chalet rose above a lawn of brown grass bordered by a bed of withered geraniums. Sandy waited until Caldwell and his team were in position outside the door. Then he slipped around to the rear of the building, where two large French windows opened onto a steep slope leading up toward the crest of the ridge.
At 1700, a reedy little wail went up inside the chalet.
Five minutes later, _Baaaarooooooom_.
Clark's knock came a split second before Sandy's.
_Bbbbbaaaarooooom_.
The explosions rocked the chalet as the raiders poured through the shattered windows and door.
Five startled Muslims looked up wildly from their prayers. Their AK-47s were propped against the fireplace.
_Thunnkkkk, thunnnnkkkk_.
The stun grenades drove the five men to the floor. Three were down, out cold. The two others grabbed for their AKs.
Hard-core motherfuckers. The thought occurred to Nate as the first of the two began to swing his AK toward Sandy.
_Blaap, Blaaap, Blaaap, Blaaap_.
Drago's burst greased both of the mujahedeen. They spun like dervishes, the AK-47s flying through the air, smashing into the rock chimney above the fireplace.
Nate and Drago were already bounding up the stairs to the second floor.
"Picadilly Three, this is Ringo," Sandy called into his radio. "Cargo secured. Let's get out of here. Place is a bomb factory."
By the time Drago and Nate came back down the stairs escorting Forte and Sprinkles, the roar of two Blackhawks could be heard coming at them across the valley. The rest of the team was searching the chalet. Clark, the demolition man, came up to Sandy with two boxes of maps and documents.
"Make a big bang for me, Sergeant," Sandy said. "Something to send us home right."
Clark gave the boxes to an SAS sergeant. From his jacket he drew out a handful of smaller charges. Working quickly, he attached them to the boxes of ammo and plastique pushed up against the wall farthest from the fireplace.
By 1715, the SAS team withdrew, trussing the prisoners and throwing them in the rear of the second Blackhawk. The birds lifted off and headed back for Sarajevo.
Nate watched the chalet grow smaller and smaller.
_BARRRROOOOOOOOM_.
A tremendous explosion. Sheets of flame as the building disintegrated.
Another scoop for Abs if Julian wouldn't blow it.
"Nothing left but toothpicks, Hawk," Nate observed, still peering down at the flying wreckage.
"Good," Sandy said. "Let 'em chew on that."
* * *
"Nicely done," General Hunter said. He opened the drawer and uncapped a bottle of gin.
"As I recall, yours is a double, sergeant." He filled Nate's glass nearly to the brim.
When the drinks were poured out, General Hunter raised his own glass to Sandy.
"Here's to you new boys," he said.
"Sir?" Sandy said tentatively. Catching himself quickly, he knocked back his drink.
"You tots have owed the SAS for a long time," General Hunter said, but his voice was warm, not patronizing. "All that training from us since World War II. We practically diapered you. I must say, you are maturing nicely." He studyed Nate's scowl. "In fact, I have to tell you, gentlemen, this time the SAS is indebted to you." He drained his glass in a single swallow. "Another round, lads?"
#
THIRTY-ONE
#
**Smith Island * Maryland**
Dawn in Rock Creek Park, mist rising through the trees, the damp air carrying with it the dark rich smell of rotting leaves. Glancing at her pace watch, Abbie saw she was running 8-minute miles. She throttled back. Worry always made her push too fast. Too fast meant mistakes.
As she ran, she replayed the video of her ride home with Patrice the night before his party. The little guy had his own style. She gave him that. It was as if he counted on flair to compensate for size. In a town where enormity of scale was everything—power, ego, greed—there was something almost sweet about him.
But what about the way he'd waved her off the boss? Wasn't it out of character? Uncool? She hadn't expected it. That little cherub busily deflecting the arrows of Eros from Jeff Taylor. The senator knew how to get to a woman, no question. Those sincere brown eyes, playing against the studied containment. The aura of power, not a halo so much as an emanation of the city's peculiar radiation shimmering around him.
Her train of thought suddenly jumped to Sandy standing on the balcony looking out over Zagreb, the way he smelled, the way she loved it when he touched her. She matched those sensations with what she had felt in Senator Taylor's office. The two men were both type-A, silverback males, the older one at the peak of life, the other still a wild child. She brushed a wisp of red hair out of her eyes and thought again about Sandy, the way his face dimpled when he laughed, the taste of his mouth. Jesus, what if the Serbs did have him? Julian had her wrong, she knew exactly what Serbs could do. Bad thought, Abbie. Drop it.
The truck was gone when she came up the homestretch. In the kitchen she put a cup of raw barley flakes and crushed walnuts into a bowl with a handful of raisins and a splash of water and left the concoction to soak while she took a quick shower. Then she put on a rust-colored silk blouse and black slacks. After nuking her breakfast in the microwave, she scanned her three newspapers. Buzzing with endorphins and info overload, she phoned a taxi to take her downtown.
She found Becca's Rover parked at a curb two blocks up from the _Chronicle_. On the passenger seat was a copy of _The Beverly Hills Quick Weight Loss Diet_ under a box of Belgian chocolates. She picked up the box and rattled it. Half full or half empty depending on the mood swing du jour and whether or not Becca had taken her Prozac.
Traffic was heavy, but by the time Abbie reached the Beltway, there weren't as many cars, and the drivers ahead of her got out of her way as soon as they saw what was coming up behind them. She swung onto I-95, settled into a comfortable 70 miles an hour and turned east. She crossed the Choptank River at Cambridge and stopped at Princess Anne to get gas and pee.
Half an hour later, she was winding among thickets of loblolly pine and stunted oak, skirting marshes full of graceful widgeon grass bending in the afternoon breeze, Spartina spikes thrusting up toward the sun. As she came into Crisfield, she opened the window and smelled the sea.
At the Smith Island ferry pier, the _Sweet Lucille II_ was floating at its moorings next to a small office with a hand-painted sign that said TICKETS. She paid eight dollars for a round-trip and asked the ticket taker where she could find the auto ramp.
"Why don't you park that killer bee of yours across the street in the lot?" he said. "The ferry only takes passengers. You missed the morning boat. Ain't another until three-thirty."
She parked the car and stole one of Becca's chocolates before locking up. A few blocks from the pier she found a seafood place and had lunch. Then she killed another hour walking around Crisfield. When she got back to the ferry slip, a tall, salty-looking guy in navy slacks and a white shirt with blue epaulettes was in the office talking with the handyman. "How far is it to Smith Island?" she asked him.
"Fourteen miles, ma'am," he said. "As the scaup flies. Not too bad. Little over half an hour. Do you have a place to stay? I won't be coming back until tomorrow."
"Do you know Janine Walker?"
"Soft Shell Books? Bed and breakfast?"
Ah. A nice warm feeling began to rise from her boots.
"I didn't know she was renting rooms."
"She don't usually, but maybe you'll get lucky. Just watermen over there in Crab Creek now. The drudgin' started two weeks ago."
"Drudgin'?"
"Arsters. They're drudgin' for arsters and crabs. Be doin' it until the snow hits the water. You like arsters? You busy tonight?"
She told him no and yes politely and he took it well.
At three-thirty twenty schoolchildren dressed like miniature hard hats and swinging lunch pails came pushing and shoving off a bus and onto the ferry. The captain pulled a cord, a whistle tooted cheerfully, and like a small boat in a large bathtub, the _Sweet Lucille II_ started bobbing across Tangier Sound.
As the St. James Light to starboard fell astern, the sound of thunder rocked the ferry. Looking upward, Abbie saw two F-18 fighters disappearing behind a puffy white cloud. Sonic boom, Abs, you dope. Two hot jocks out of the Navy's Test Pilot School at Pax River. She found herself wondering how Sandy was going to feel, burrowed into some godforsaken Bosnian hill, lazing targets for flyboys like the ones upstairs.
The low hammock of Smith Island came into view, first the steeple of a church, then the low rooftops of Tylerton. "You'll be wanting to go on to Crab Creek," the captain said. "Janine's place is on Elizabeth Street over there at the end of town. Just keep watching until you see the house with the blue fence."
In Crab Creek, the one main street leading away from the ferry strip was lined with white clapboard cottages, some with green shutters, some with red, faced one another from behind pretty white picket fences.
At the end of the street, the uniform whiteness of the fences abruptly changed to a stretch of blue-green pickets in front of a yellow cottage, a whisp of black smoke trailing away from the old brick chimney. The sign planted in the tiny front yard said SOFT SHELL BOOKS. BED AND BREAKFAST. J. WALKER. HEALING.
Sidelight windows with old rippled glass flanked the wooden door. Abbie pulled a knob under one of them and heard a bell ring. The door swung open and the healer was standing in front of her, beautiful, not fragile in spite of her illness. Glinda the Good, Abbie thought to herself. This one had everything.
"How may I help you?"
"I was hoping you might have a room. They told me on the ferry to come here."
The healer shook her head. "Bart Dize is a nice guy, but I'm afraid I've stowed everything away. No one comes much after Columbus Day."
Then, to Abbie's surprise, Janine reached out impulsively and took both of her hands. "Disturbances in the field," she said, decoding a genuine psycho-neural hum. "I'd say you've got a regular nor'easter brewing in there."
Safe-enough guess. Still, a little spooky. "I guess I'm worried about tonight. All I really need is a bed. Or a couch, even. It's just one night. I'd be grateful for your help."
The word _help_ seemed to galvanize Janine. "All right, tell you what," she said, squeezing Abbie's hands then releasing them. "Help me, I'll help you."
"What can I do?"
"Follow me."
A bright yellow windbreaker was hanging on a peg just inside the door. Janine slipped into it and stepped into the yard, leaving the door unlocked. Abbie followed her down a long grassy slope. At the foot of the hill, a small white boat with a lapstrake hull was floating just off the end of the dock, the bow line moored to a cleat, the stern held safely away by the anchor line.
"My dinky skiff," Janine said, pulling on the bow line. "Jump in."
Abbie lowered herself cautiously onto the thwart seat while Janine started the outboard and hauled in the anchor. "A spode," she said. "Doesn't foul in shallow water." The little boat turned and headed for a line of about a dozen red and orange floats a few hundred yards offshore.
"You didn't tell me your name," the skipper said mildly, throttling back the outboard as they neared the floats.
"Mancini, Abigail Mancini."
"Pretty, you must be a Scorpio." Uncanny. How did she do it?
Janine cut off the outboard and coasted up to the floats. When they were halfway up the line, she threw out the anchor, then tugged on it to make sure it would hold. Once she had the boat squared away, she handed Abbie a large pair of rubber gloves, orange like the floats, covered with dark stains and nasty little nicks.
"Do you know what a sook is, Abigail?"
"No, I've never heard of it. And it's Abbie."
"A sook is a sexually mature female crab that has moulted for the last time," she said in the same mild voice. "They live in the shallows until they are ready to be mounted, and the tips of their claws are bright red. They paint their nails."
The tossing of the boat was beginning to make Abbie feel queasy. "Is that right?" she said. "Where do the guys hang out?"
"The watermen call them Number One Jimmys. They hide in deep water and only come into the shallows to mate. That's when you catch 'em." Janine pointed to the line of floats with a sweep of her arm. Below each float, a light line sank to the bottom of the bay. "Crab pots," she yelled. The breeze was blowing stronger now and it was harder for Abbie to hear her. "You pull, I'll steady the boat."
For the next half hour they moved along the line of floats, Abbie pulling the crab pots up, hauling the wire cages up and over the gunnels and spilling the blue-green crabs into the well. When Janine finally threw the last empty crab pot back into the water, Abbie watched her eyes diving after it, tracking it all the way to the bottom.
She was slender, graceful, her body showing a sinewy confidence that was amazing in light of her medical chart. Her thick silver-streaked dark hair had come back after the chemo and she was wearing it long and straight, held back by a tortoiseshell band. The sun was nearly down to the water now and Abbie could see her face glowing happily in the last light. "Where did you learn to pull like that?" she shouted cheerfully, feeding gas to the outboard and pointing the skiff back toward her dock.
"I come from a family of boys," Abbie called back, pulling off the orange gloves and dropping them next to the well. "Four of them, including me."
The sun had set, but from below the horizon, the light—scarlet, orange, rust like the floats marking the crab pots—tinted the clouds floating over the bay. The water was dark now, the island hammocks jutting up like ships in a blacked-out convoy.
Up in the well they had maybe four dozen soft-shell crabs. "I'll take care of the boat," Janine said as they pulled up to the dock. She waved Abbie back to the house. "Won't take ten minutes."
Shutting the unlocked door behind her, Abbie stepped into a small room walled with books, Janine's small shrine to wellness. Craniosacral therapy and energy healing, psychoneuroimmunology, negative stress cycles, cognitive restructuring—all the usual suspects were there, the best-sellers on a small table next to an antique cash register.
She saw copies of Ernest Becker's _The Denial of Death_ , and J. Konrad Stettbacher's _Making Sense of Suffering: The Healing Confrontation with Your Own Past_ (introduction by Alice-the-child-within-you Miller). Next to them was Dr. Susan Love on breast cancer, side by side with Dr. Lila Nachtigall's opposing news on HRT.
Through a door next to the books on affirmation and aggression, she could see the kitchen. A few chunks of hardwood cut to stove-wood size were smoldering in the fireplace at the far end of the room. Taking up an iron toddy heater that doubled as a poker, Abbie was just beginning to improve the fire when she heard Janine's voice behind her.
"You're a reporter, aren't you?"
Not a sound when she came in. Where was the twinkle dust? Abbie put the poker back and turned around, trying unsuccessfully to conceal her surprise. Janine laughed.
"Oh, come on. You've got it written all over you. I watched you come up the street. No reservation, no bag and then you're standing outside the door taking notes with your eyes. Most people just say 'Got a room?' I bet you've already taken inventory out front. You want to look in my bureau drawers, check out the medicine cabinet?"
Abbie flushed.
"Look, you're right. But be fair. You had me out there in those rubber gloves so fast I didn't even have time to say hello."
Janine took off her windbreaker and dropped it on the end of the long pine table that filled most of the kitchen. A large Sub-Zero refrigerator was built into the end of the room opposite the fireplace. A hooded Viking six-burner in stainless steel filled out the picture. Maybe $10,000 worth of Patrice's style of high-end stuff. She wondered if they ever used to cook together.
"You're here to talk about Jeff, I suppose."
"That's right."
"You know what?" she said. "I'm sick to death of Jeff. Like, literally. At least I was, and I don't intend to let it happen again. You know what I mean?"
"You mean cancer."
"Exactly. You don't like to waste words, do you?"
"Or time. I didn't intend to ambush you, Mrs. Taylor. It just sort of happened."
"It's Janine. Janine Walker. I haven't been Mrs. anybody for a long time. Have you ever been divorced?"
"No."
"It's very hard on a body." She laughed. "Hoary cliché, right? The people who use it don't know how close they are to the truth. It very nearly killed me."
There was no self-pity in her voice. She sounded almost matter-of-fact.
"A cancer on the presidency. Jeff's presidency. Is that your story?"
"Your tolerance for crap is pretty low, isn't it, Janine?"
"Zero."
"Fair enough. No, that's not the story. My editor is sucking up to Senator Taylor. I've got a profile to do for next April. I was going to wing it until you fell out of the clips. The divorce is the only blot on Mr. Perfect's record. I'm curious."
Janine got up suddenly and walked over to the refrigerator. After poking around for a few moments, she came back with an armful of plastic containers. Red cabbage and sweet potatoes, brown rice and tofu. One more trip for the distilled water and miso soup.
"Dinner," she announced. "I'll do the crabs. You cut the bread. It's in the box on the counter. I think I'm going to trust you. We can talk later."
They ate in silence, avoiding small talk. When they were finished, Janine cleared the table and came back with a steaming pot of green tea.
"All right," she said, pushing a small cup with a crackled blue glaze toward Abbie. "What do you want to know? The war hero who screams in the night, the sheets all soaked in sweat? _The Deerhunter_ said it all twenty years ago.
"Or do you want it tall, dark and handsome? 'Ladies and gentlemen, I give you the next President of the United States'—with all the pretty balloons tumbling down? No one wants the truth," she said. "You should know that by now. The truth is something we can only tolerate in small doses. Maybe never."
Don't let her get away, Abs. "So what's the senator's problem?"
"Which one?"
"You know—the divorce. What happened? How did you find out?"
"I hired a detective. A PI. It was after my operation. Jeff was great when I was in the hospital. The day I finally got up enough nerve to show him, he leaned over and kissed the stitches where my nipples had been. Then he didn't touch me again for nearly a year. At first I thought he was just being considerate, but I mean, how considerate can you be?"
"He was spending a lot of time campaigning back home. And campaigns are tough. You're tired but you've got all the instant intimacy floating around. And all those hungry young girls. We were always so close I never worried about it. I thought we were different.
"He had this pretty, twenty-six-year-old press secretary. Sarah Wilder. She always traveled with him. I even liked her. But it took the detective less than a week to catch them."
"What happened?"
"He came in one afternoon and dropped a little present in my lap. The pictures had time stamps at the bottom. Photo Op One: 9:00 P.M.—Jeff and Sarah holding hands by candlelight at the Sherwood Inn. Photo Op Two: 10:35 P.M.—Jeff and Sarah entering Room 42, the honeymoon suite. Photo Op Three: 8:15 the next morning, Room Service wheeling in restoratives, Belgian waffles, as I recall. Photo Op Four: 9:45 A.M.—Jeff and Sarah restored, leaving the room hand-in-hand in jogging gear. Glowing like Gary Hart and Donna Rice."
Janine took a sip of her tea and looked at the fire. No tears, no black channels through her mascara. She wasn't wearing any makeup. Didn't need any.
"Same old monkey business," Abbie said. "How did it make you feel?"
"Devastated. So depressed I couldn't move. I felt totally betrayed. I mean, look at me. I'm intelligent. I worked hard. For him. I was out there. For him. All those white-glove teas with officers' wives, smiling through the Army bullshit, then the campaigns. I worked for him, I really worked my ass off. Just like Nancy did for Ronnie. I'd sit there with him war gaming, strategizing, blowing little kisses to fat cats. I was there for him every step of the way except when he was in bed fucking Sarah Wilder."
"She wasn't the only one, was she?"
"No, you've got that wrong. It was the first time, so I told myself it would run its course and we'd go on. But I was living a lie."
Abbie reached over and refilled Janine's cup. "Political wife's syndrome."
"That's right. The sisterhood. We all know who we are. We see each other at congressional wives things. We never talk about it, but we recognize each other. The secret girls club. The worst is what you do to yourself. Before I married Jeff, I had standing in my own world. I could have done a lot of things, but I sold myself short. I wound up feeling that life as Mrs. Senator Taylor was always more interesting than when I was by myself. Big mistake. Almost fatal."
Abbie nodded. Her mother had made the same mistake—Mrs. Dr. Mancini.
"I just couldn't pull myself out of it," Janine said. "It wasn't as bad when we were in the Army. Jeff loved being a soldier. He was good at it, a war hero, for God's sake. But I always felt when he moved into politics he began to move away from me. These guys all turn into power junkies. They demand more and more stroking and I bought into it, goddamn it, even though I can't tell you how empty it made me feel as a woman. Power _is_ an aphrodisiac and I couldn't let go of it until it almost killed me."
Abbie reached over and touched her arm. "You're different now, Janine. Lots different. Anyone can see that."
"Thanks, Abbie, you're kind. But I might as well get this all out of my system." She pushed her cup aside and looked at the fire for a moment. "Rank bait for lobsters, fresh bait for crabs," she said quietly, as if talking to herself. She looked up and caught Abbie's bewildered glance. "It all depends on what you're drudgin' for, Abbie. The turn-on, I mean. Did you ever wonder what public service really means? These guys start out thinking they're serving the country but the way most of them end up, they're only serving themselves."
"I don't follow you."
"Think about it. The moment they get here, they belly up to the table and serve themselves everything on it: power, money, adulation. Serve the country? Uh huh. They serve the country up in big chunks to whoever wants a piece of it. The one thing they can't ever admit is that the buyers are also taking big bites out of them, too. Service with a smile. What goes around comes around. _E pluribus unum_. One for you and one for me. That's their real pledge of allegiance."
"Did you show him the pictures?"
"I didn't have to. Patrice found out about Sarah sometime that summer and fired her. Jeff came in one day and she was gone. I think Patrice shipped her off to Strasbourg with some hotshot economist. She did all right. When Jeff asked what the hell was going on, Patrice said, 'Don't you and Janine ever talk?' So Jeff called and I hung up on him. That's when I realized it was over for us, that I couldn't do it anymore. Then he came home, first time in the middle of the day, swore it was a mistake and all he wanted was to save his marriage."
"What did you say?"
"I told him our marriage was a toxic waste dump. I threw him out of the house. Didn't see him for months. Patrice handled all the details of the divorce, the lawyers, the settlement, everything. He said, 'It's no harda' than cookin' for two hundred, _chér_."
Abbie remembered the little guy and his bibs, the big-brother talk in the Porsche. "He seems like a prude. What is he, gay?"
"Patrice? God, no. With Pat everything's mental. There's nothing physical about him at all. He's the most asexual man I've ever met. It wouldn't surprise me if he's never gone to bed with anyone. Either sex. Not that I know where he'd find the time. All he thinks about is Jeff and the power curve. Perfect guy for the job. No other life. He's taking care of Jeff eighteen hours a day and he's so charming about it, he usually gets his way."
"It's hard to believe there's no one in his life. Are you sure?"
"What I heard was he got sex scared out of him even before his voice changed."
"What do you mean?"
"He worked for this famous chef in his father's first big restaurant. The guy was AC-DC, AM-FM, a complete universal donor where sex came in. One night after closing he drank too much brandy and told Patrice to suck his willie. Big guy, wouldn't take no for an answer until Patrice tried to cut it off with a bread knife."
"You're kidding."
"It gets worse. The chef was too important to lose, so Monsieur St. Jean sent his son off to Jesuit school in Baton Rouge to learn about compromise. Talk about denial. He told me once that he could never go into the restaurant business because the payoffs were too big and the take was too small. He liked politics better. 'Little somethin' for everyone makes the world go 'roun', _chér_.' "
Abbie thought about the little Sony TCM-354V nestled in her purse with its cassettes. She decided against it. The first sign of a tape recorder and Janine would freeze up.
"Who told you all that about Patrice?"
"Pat. Toward the end of our first campaign. All that exhausted intimacy I told you about, remember? He didn't have a clue about what he was really telling me. Look, he's a little guy and when he was sexually abused, his own father sold him out. Think what that would do to you. With Pat it's all about being safe. He says he's willing to kill himself working for Jeff so Jeff can make the world safe for democracy. But it's really about making the world safe for Patrice. I don't hold that against him. He's always taken good care of me. I owe him a lot."
"What about those night sweats of Jeff's, the nightmares you were talking about? The story is about how far we've come from Vietnam. What did it do to him?"
Janine seemed to hesitate. "I don't want to talk about violence—I don't think it's good for me. You'll have to ask him yourself."
"But you've told me so much that's worse. Why?"
Picking up the pot and the cups, Janine took them over to the sink. She swished water around in them for a few seconds, then deposited them in the dishwasher. Wiping her hands on a dish towel, she came back to the table and sat down.
"You and I both know the rules, Abbie. You've got one source, me, no notes, no tapes. You can't print any of this unless someone confirms it. I don't think anyone will."
"Then why tell me anything?"
"He's going to be President, Abbie. Compared to most of them in Washington, he's a good man. He can do a lot for the country. I know it. But if I said that first, you would never have believed me, so I'm saying it now."
"Come on, Janine. Okay, so I believe you, but can't you do better than that?"
"All right, since I left, he's had a giant hole in him. Ask him. He'll tell you. I'm not just flattering myself. You must have seen it by now. Maybe I have some regrets, too. You figure it out. Come on, I'll show you your room."
She got up and tossed the dish towel on the table. Abbie followed her out of the kitchen and upstairs. There were four small bedrooms off the landing. "You'll find sheets and blankets in the chest at the foot of the bed," Janine said. "I'm going to turn in. What time would you like breakfast?"
"About six, I guess. Maybe we could talk some more then."
"I don't think so, I'm just about talked out. Good night, Abbie."
On an impulse, Abbie wrapped her arms around Janine and hugged her. She felt the hard, flat chest against her own breasts. "Good night, Janine," she said, trying to strangle her feelings before they made her cry. "Thank you for all this."
When the door was closed, she got out her notebook and wrote for half an hour. Then she made up the bed. For a moment she looked out the window. The hunter's moon was hanging over the bay. From across the water came the whistle of a goldeneye duck winging down to the marshes. She crawled under the quilt and turned out the light.
* * *
The following morning at six, steel-cut oats were already soaking in a glass bowl next to the stove when Abbie came into the kitchen. Janine was slicing. The white cotton nightgown brushing the floor added to the general impression she made of kitchen goddess. Persephone, Abbie decided. Back from hell.
"No Belgian waffles?"
Janine wrinkled her nose in disgust.
"So what did you leave out last night?" Abbie asked.
Janine's expression fell somewhere between amused and embarrassed. "A couple of things."
"What couple of things?"
Warming her hands on the cup, Janine thought about it for a while. "I didn't quite get it right." Abbie waited. "About Jeff and me." She stood up awkwardly and took the dishes to the sink. When she came back, she sat down next to Abbie and looked at her intently, like an egret considering a safe place to land.
"I really am selfish, you know. What worries me is that the minute he starts his campaign, every reporter in the country will be after me. You're just the first, although, of course, you're not like them. I mean, what does Sam Donaldson know about sensitivity? I just can't bear the thought of Barbara Walters sitting there with her eyes swelling up asking me if Jeff should be President."
"Well, should he? What's the problem?"
" _I'm_ the problem. And he's mine." This morning the anger was gone. The tone was one of perplexity.
"The past is over, Janine," Abbie said gently.
"It's never over."
"So you do still love him?"
"No," she snapped. Then she threw up her hands. "Okay. Yes. It's just that I'm in a different place now, I have to look at things differently. Jeff has a very good side to him. The whole time we were married I tried to align myself with that good side and to help him stay in that part of himself. Even though the marriage is over, I don't want to sell out all that good. It would be cheap, bad for him and really negative energy for me."
"I don't think I get it."
Janine looked out the kitchen window. "They call this whole area the Isles of Limbo," she said, pulling aside the white curtains to let in the morning. "Captain John Smith gave it the name. They left it out of _Pocahontas_. You have to live here to find out. When I got here, I wasn't quite dead but I wasn't alive, either. So the Isles of Limbo was just the right place for me."
"But not anymore?"
"Not anymore. It's been more than five years since the operation. I'm not going to die tomorrow. The other day I wrote to the University of Maryland for a law school catalog. God, I don't know what got into me, but for the first time it seemed safe to buy into the future, make some plans."
"What's wrong with that?"
"Nothing, I guess. I suppose what I'm hoping is you'll do your story and that'll be it. The country needs him, Abbie."
"But you don't, right?" She meant for the rhetorical question to buck Janine up, not draw her out. Unprofessional, she told herself. But she liked this woman.
"I'll walk you to the ferry," Janine said, regaining her footing. When they got to the pier, she took both of Abbie's hands in her own. "Let me tell you something," she said. "It's not just about Jeff's campaign. No matter what I still feel for him, I'm not going to let a dead marriage kill me."
#
THIRTY-TWO
#
*** Sarajevo ***
"Better you step on it—General Sir Sterling is waiting for you."
Drago was waving Sandy and Nate into his taxi, a British Saxon armored personnel carrier mounting a 7.62 machine gun instead of a meter. The door of the APC opened. "Weather's whole lot better in here, Hawk. Think we oughtta move in?" The steel walls of the APC made Nate's laugh sound like something thumping an empty oil barrel. The engine roared, the APC shook itself and rumbled off toward General Hunter's HQ. "What's all this 'General sir' shit about, anyway? Whaddya think they say when Hunter gives them an order? Yessir, Sir. Nossir, Sir."
Up front Drago laughed.
"You know how much time all that takes? Shit, no wonder we kicked their British ass."
They bumped across town, wondering why Hunter had sent for them. Drago didn't have a clue. Fifteen minutes later, the APC ground to a halt and they followed Drago back to the general's office. This time, after knocking, he entered ahead of them. While they double braced in front of the commander, he stayed at the back of the room.
By reflex, Sandy started to hoist another mangled Canadian salute.
"I do wish you'd stop that, Captain," General Hunter said. "You might as well have 'Made in the USA' tattooed on your forehead."
"Sorry, sir," he said.
Nate grinned.
"Something amuse you, Sergeant Caldwell?"
"No, sir. Sir Sterling, sir," Nate snapped.
The general looked at him suspiciously. Detecting the irony, he let it pass. "I have a new mission for you," he said. "Take a look at the map." He walked over to the wall and began searching through the contour lines tracing the hills and valleys northeast of Tuzla. "There," he said abruptly, stabbing his finger on the village of Hamagar. "There's my problem."
He began walking up and down the room. "Muslim village, Hamagar. Tough little bastards. Cut off, but the Serbs can't seem to knock them out of the game. NATO has been dropping them rations. Good practice, that. Drop bundles of food now, bombs later, if we must." He stopped in front of Sandy. "That was the general idea."
"Yes, sir." This time, Nate kept his face straight. General Sir Sterling Hunter was the real article, not another Rushman. Nate had already tested his perimeter and gotten away with it. Another go could be suicide.
"As I was saying, the place has been completely cut off for three months. Two days ago they got a man through to our lines. We asked if they needed more supplies. He said, 'What supplies?' "
"I don't understand, sir."
"Nor do I, Captain. Apparently nothing is getting through. Right now, as it happens, the Muslims have a column pounding the hills around Hamagar. Pounding," he paused, "I suppose you could call it that. At any rate, things seem to be loosening up a bit."
"Okay," Sandy said. "We'll drive up in the morning and take a look around."
"I must say, I admire your energy, but that is not quite what I want you to do. I need a Yank to go onto a Yank base. What I'm asking myself is whether some Sergeant Bilko of yours is stealing those supplies before they get off the ground. So you and Sergeant Caldwell are going to get over to Rhein Main this afternoon. That's where they're loading the food pallets. The next drop is in two days. At night."
"Yes, sir. But why Rhein Main?"
"You are going to follow those rations, Captain. I want you to follow them from the warehouse onto the trucks, from the trucks onto the transports, from the transports down to the ground, and from the ground to whoever the bloody hell is taking them."
Drago stepped forward even though the general had given no order.
"Lieutenant Drago here will go with you."
"We've seen him at work, sir," Sandy said.
"So you have, Captain. Excellent man, Drago. Born in Belgrade, but British to the hilt—everything Sandhurst can do for a chap who has the misfortune to grow up in Liverpool without being a Beatle. He speaks the language. He'll translate for you. If you leave now, you should be able to find a little German action in Frankfurt tonight. That is all, gentlemen. Lieutenant Drago will show you where to pick up your chutes. If you have any questions, I'm sure Drago can answer them. His people were eating with forks and knives when ours were still painting themselves blue."
General Hunter sat down again. This time he left the drawer with the gin shut.
#
THIRTY-THREE
#
**Suitland * Maryland National Military Archives**
It was a pleasant morning with no wind. "You travel light, don'cha, miss?" Bart said as Abbie fell in with the schoolchildren tumbling aboard the _Sweet Lucille II_. As they ploughed back across Tangier Sound toward Crisfield, she looked into the clouds, half hoping to see the F-18s reappear. Guardian angels, she thought, free associating a bit recklessly for so early in the morning. It made no sense, but the sonic boom the day before had seemed reassuring, almost as if Sandy had arranged a sign that he'd be there whenever she was in danger.
She found the Rover where she had left it. Some Ford or Chevy lover had written in the dust on the hood, "Please Wash This Lemon." Leaving the message for Becca, Abbie got in and retraced her tracks north.
She stopped in Easton for gas and a map of suburban Washington. Suitland was the town she wanted. Prince Georges County, about five miles to the west of Andrews Air Force Base. The name had always struck her as inspired. She had never been there, but she saw it in her mind's eye as surreal, a place where all the suits in Washington went home at night, GS-15s and assorted admirals and generals, FBI guys and CIA agents, maybe even media hotshots... like Julian.
The reality was disappointing. Clockwise around the Beltway to Exit 11, about 5 miles to the south, she moved from the Isles of Limbo to the Shoals of Recorded History.
The warehouse of the National Military Archives was on the slope of a little hill. The building was low, with stone walls. It looked like an old school abandoned by its pupils, recycled into a repository for paper that was already disintegrating. You didn't even have to pulp the stuff.
The desk clerk, a young man wearing white leather tennis shoes under his tan slacks, gave her a form to fill out. After she forked over $10, he pushed back a little card that said, "Archival Researcher." With the delivery of a bored flight attendant, he started reciting the rules: no briefcases, no pens, no hats, sit up straight in your chair.
"You've got to be kidding."
"I'm sorry, no," he said. "But the documents are fragile, and, in most cases, one of a kind. We expect researchers to be alert and to treat them with respect."
The reading room was huge. A few lost souls sat at the long tables, backs straight, the little carts beside them loaded with manila envelopes. She filled out another form, and forty-five minutes later, a clerk came up to here chair pushing one of the carts.
On top was a single envelope. The label said, "After Action Reports. Lang Vei, Vietnam, August 26, 1966."
"If you want photocopies, you'll have to go to the desk to make sure everything's declassified," the clerk said, as if he suspected her next stop was sure to be the Russian Embassy. "Fine," she sighed. "And I won't slump. I promise."
Picking up the envelope, she unwound the string fastener.
Inside she found one substantial document about an inch thick and five smaller ones. The big one had a table of contents. The paper was thin; the text, batted out on a typewriter at a time when machines could process cheese but not words, looked antique:
Headquarters, 5th Special Forces Group [Airborne]
Nha Trang, Vietnam, APO SF 96834
31 August 1966
SUBJECT:
Lang Vei After Action Report
22–26 August 1966
PREPARED BY:
Major Anthony Rhodes
CONTENTS:
01–10....................................Summary
11–65....................................Narrative
66–85....................................Lessons
86–98....................................Annexes
A-Personnel
B-Intelligence
C-Communications
D-Air Support
E-Casualties
F-CLASSIFIED
The camp had been a disaster waiting to happen. She flipped quickly through the summary and main battle report. Bad weather limited the use of the only thing that could have saved them: TAC AIR. Without it, they had been doomed.
She took a pencil and started to write down the names of the American dead. She had to push aside an old paper clip to see the first name.
Capt. Jefferson K. Taylor
1st Lt. Alexander G. Caine
SFC Leonard M. Beckman
SFC Layton T. Shapen
SFC Robert C. Giannini
SFC Thomas B. Lord
S/Sgt. James B. Dunford
S/Sgt. Harris A. Everly
S/Sgt. Lawrence D. Hyduk
S/Sgt. Lincoln L. Naylor
S/Sgt. Jackson W. Prysbekowski
At the second name, she felt a sharp pang. All that Sandy was, the catastrophe that had shaped him, was right there, reduced to a single smudged line on a yellowing sheet of Army onionskin.
Jeff Taylor at the top of the body count? It puzzled her for a moment. Then she remembered there had been a lag of several days between the original casualty list and the final report from Major Rhodes. The document in front of her was the original. Never corrected. How could an organization so in love with lists screw up so many of them?
Putting the pencil down, she ran her eye quickly over the table of contents to see if she had missed anything. Looking at the boldface **CLASSIFIED** stamp on Annex F, she suddenly realized that she couldn't even remember what was in the document. Flipping quickly through the report, she found the log of radio transmissions, the list of choppers, the dead in Annex E. But when she flipped the page after Jeff's name, nothing was there. Annex F was missing.
She slumped in her chair. The guard cleared his throat. "You'll have to sit up, miss." Groan. They actually meant it. Turning the report over, she examined the staples. A small piece of paper was stuck in the corner. Something had been ripped away.
She now noticed for the first time that while Annex F was typed, the word CLASSIFIED was not. Someone had written it out by hand in block letters. The ink was reddish brown. It looked like something from a marker pen. She looked again. The same marker had been used to obliterate two typed words that followed Annex F, presumably the contents of the annex.
Curious, she detached the page from the rest of the report and took it to the window. From across the reading room, she heard the guard mutter, "Good Lord," as she held the thin sheet of paper up to the glass. She heard him come huffing up behind her.
It didn't matter now. She had what she was after. The sunlight through the onionskin had been powerful enough to backlight two of the words the ancient typing machine had cut deeply into the paper.
The two words were _Survivors Report_.
#
THIRTY-FOUR
#
*** Georgetown ***
"Die, bitch. Give me one reason I shouldn't kill you."
Abbie shut her eyes. With Becca, cringing only made things worse.
"Grand larceny auto. You know what you can get for that? Three years minimum—even if you cop a plea—and I'm not in the mood for mercy."
Becca's eyes were hidden behind the black polarized lenses of the Oliver Peoples sunglasses she wore in the newsroom to annoy Julian. The day he made the mistake of asking her what the hell she thought she was doing, she told him to fuck off. Everyone did it at _Vogue_. Maybe it would class up the _Chronicle_.
Abbie was standing in front of Becca's desk running the chain with the keys to the Rover through her fingers. "I'm sorry," she said, trying to sound contrite. "I should've called, I just got into some stuff and lost track of time."
"For thirty-six hours? Some day it's gonna be no, and I'll mean it."
"It'll never happen," Abbie said. "You're the original girl who can't say no. That's why I love you." She bent and dropped the keys into Becca's hand.
"I look at you and I see an accident about to happen. And I don't mean on the open road. As far as I'm concerned, you're grounded."
"For my own good, right?"
Becca nodded, but she was mollified. Seeing that it was safe to go, Abbie took off her coat and tossed her notebook next to the phone. Not a bad haul for an overnight run. A dab of ancient history. A few true confessions. One good mystery.
Picking up the receiver, she pecked out Patrice St. John's private number. It rang only once before he picked up. "Taylor Take-Out," he said.
"It's me, Pat—Abbie."
"Welcome back, _chér_."
"Did you miss me?" she asked lightly. She couldn't remember telling him she was going away. "I've been doing some research. I need to talk to you."
"Right now's good, amazin' enough."
For the first time, he sounded almost eager to talk to her. Dutch Uncle Turns into Mr. Congeniality, she reflected. Thinking in tabloid headlines was always a worthwhile exercise. Prepared you for that stranger-than-life stuff you might otherwise not believe.
"I'd rather not discuss this over the phone. It's complicated."
"All right, _chér_. Tell you what. I've got about three hours' work here. Why don't you drop by the plantation later tonight? Buy you a drink."
She looked at the clock on the newsroom wall. It was almost seven. "Have you ever heard of the power breakfast, Pat?" she said. "They invented it for people who haven't totally lost their commitment to sleep."
"The just never rest."
"Sorry I asked. Okay, how about ten o'clock?"
"See you then. You know the way." He paused, as if something had just occurred to him. "Did she tell you anythin' you didn't already know?"
Abbie felt her stomach tighten. "You teach her the tarot, Pat, or did she teach you?" she said, making a face at the phone. "Catch you later, _chér_." Let him wait.
* * *
On the way home, she stopped at the Hungry Gazelle to pick up dinner. Then she walked home through the park. Bumping lightly against her body, the shopping bag from the gourmet shop reminded her of the expedition to the market in Zagreb, Sandy's lips nuzzling her fingers as she fed him olives. Could she spend her whole life with someone like that? Someone who would always be sleeping with a rifle when he wasn't sleeping with her? Someone who might jump out and break the neck of any guy who even looked at her? Hey, what is this? she asked herself. Maybe I do really miss him.
She snapped on the kitchen lights. The modem was still hooked up to the laptop. As the machine booted up, she tapped her fingers restlessly until the e-mail log appeared on the screen. Four messages from Becca—death threats for sure. Nothing from Sandy.
She pecked out another please-come-home.
To: p@santana.net
From: amanci@washchron.com
Well you're sure MIA around here. Get back, will you? Talked with Janine Walker, checked out the after-action reports on ODA 351. There was something called a survivor's report, but someone's pinched it. Also found a list of the dead men on Alex's team. Any ideas on the quickest way to track down next of kin? Got a lot to tell you. YR
She hit the send button and watched the message disappear. Hey, what's so bad about falling for a soldier? she told herself. Give her enough time, she'd give great PX.
In the bathroom, Abbie checked the mirror to assess the damage of her trip. Awful. Hair scraggly, face in ruins, clothes ready for the incinerator. She ran a hot shower and pulled herself together. Black silk blouse, black Tasmanian wool skirt courtesy of the Benjamines... no, wait a minute. She pulled on a pair of faded black jeans and an old gray cashmere cardigan, found her running shoes, grabbed her banged-up black pea coat. See what casual does for Patrice.
The house was dark when she got there. For the next twenty minutes she sat on the brick steps shivering in the late fall chill. At ten-thirty she saw the Porsche turn the corner. Patrice was driving slowly, no flash, almost as if he were casing his own neighborhood.
"Sorry, _chér_ ," he called to her as he stepped out of the car. "You been waitin' long?" He was carrying a thin leather attaché case.
"Long enough," she said, trying not to sound testy.
"My God, you're shakin'," he said, putting his arm around her and escorting her up the steps. "Come on in and ah'll get you somethin' warm." His arm only came around her halfway and his hand on the small of her back felt light and soft.
But he obviously wasn't hitting on her. Janine was right. The only signals Patrice emitted were high-frequency power waves. In the kitchen, he fussed over the stove for a few minutes and came back with a steaming mug of mulled cider. Ordinarily, the stuff was cloying, but this was perfection.
"Family secret," he said. "Don't bother askin' for the recipe."
They sat on stools facing each other across the granite-top kitchen island. Pat didn't seem to be in any hurry. He patiently watched her nurse the hot drink, waiting for her to make the first move.
"All right," she said, when the hot cider had warmed everything down to her toes. "So how did you know?"
"About you and Janine?"
"That's right. Me and Janine. No one knew I was going down there."
He smiled at her pleasantly. "No mystery, _chér_. She called me this morning. After you left."
"Why?"
"I handle a lot of her stuff. Janine and I are always in touch."
Abbie put one hand over the top of her mug and felt the steam caressing her palm.
"So what did she tell you?"
"She said you were very nice. For a reporter."
Abbie wondered how much she would have to give him to get anything back worth the price.
"My turn, _chér_. What did she tell you?"
"She called her marriage a toxic waste dump. But she said you weren't so bad. Made you sound almost chivalrous."
He didn't purr. "Don't show me yours and I won't show you mine? Is that how we're goin' to play it?"
From Patrice, it didn't sound insulting. More like Danny, fencing with her over an FDA attack on something he'd put out on the shelf in the Hungry Gazelle. Wait him out, Abs.
"All right," he said finally. "She tell you anythin' I ought to know about? The thing is, there's always more than one side to a story. You know that better'n me."
"She told me he had nightmares."
"About politics? Godalmighty, so do I. Every night."
"About Vietnam."
"Is that right?" Was he being a little too relaxed? No way to be sure. "What nightmares?" he asked her.
"She didn't want to talk about it. I got the feeling she'd just as soon forget it."
"Sometimes that's the best way."
Moving quickly, she stepped forward to blindside him. "The best way is to check everything out. I stopped at the National Military Archives on the way back to look at the ODA 351 after-action report."
"And?"
"Guess what? Someone has snitched the classified part. Now why would anyone want to do that?"
"Why, indeed, _chér_." Pat's attaché case was lying on the island between them. Unlocking it, he pulled out a manila folder, scanned it for a moment and handed it to her.
She opened the folder and pulled out a document on the same yellowing onionskin she had seen out in Suitland. The typing was also the same:
Headquarters, 5th Special Forces Group [Airborne]
Nha Trang, Vietnam, APO 16843 SF
31 August 1966
SUBJECT:
Medevac. Survivors Report
PREPARED BY:
S/Sgt. Charlie Windsor, Senior Medic
26 August 0900 hours received order from ODB-311 HG to medevac Lang Vei survivor. Captain Jefferson Taylor, OF 098137, multiple head and chest wounds. Unconscious. Dusted off casualty to Nha Trang field hospital. Aboard HUEY MED-EVAC ACFT MSN. No. 502, Captain Taylor regained consciousness, delirious, hallucinations, repeated cries "Let me die. I want to die."
"You did it?" Abbie said in confusion, handing the folder back to Patrice. "What for? Why did you rip it off?"
Patrice left the folder lying on the island. "I didn't steal this little sonuvabitch, Abbie. I just borrowed it. It's goin' back."
"But you could have copied it."
"Day I was there, I didn't have one red dime. The change machine was empty, it was nearly five, and when I asked the clerk at the desk for a ten-cent loan, you know what he said? He said, 'You'll have to come back tomorrow.' Do you believe it?"
"But why? I still don't understand."
Patrice was looking at her as if she were maybe twelve years old.
"How many political campaigns you cover, _chér_?"
"None."
"I thought so, but you read the papers, right?"
"Of course."
"So what's the first thing you reporters do when any good man runs for President?"
"We check him out." She heard the tinniness of it and felt embarrassed.
"Well, that's one way of puttin' it," he said. "The way ah'd put it is y'all go out every four years and dig up all the shit you can, and then you dump it on the poor sonuvabitch. Right? And when you get finished, the candidate who's still got his head, or maybe just his nose, stickin' up through the big brown pile wins." He looked at her pleasantly. "Tell me if I'm wrong, _chér_. May be somethin' ah'm missin' here."
"It gets ugly, you're right, but..."
"But we're fair game, right?" He started rummaging in a drawer below the kitchen island. "Voilá," he said, pulling out a set of polished steel tongs and snapping them twice—they made a sharp, clean click—then he clamped them on the manila folder and shoved it at Abbie. "This is how I pinched the file, _chér_. Just like this. One of my jobs is to check everythin' before you people start shovelin'. Been at it awhile now, _chér_. If ah didn't know everythin' there is to know about Senator Taylor, I mean, if he had anythin' really bad in his past, do you seriously think ah'd let him go skippin' out there on the campaign trail so you media people could trash him?"
What could she say?
"I know you're honest, _chér_. Julian made you wear that dress the other night, didn't he? You picked it, but he paid. Am I right?"
She felt herself blush. "The paper paid."
"Thought so, that's why I like you. Okay, now, you want to drive out to Suitland to give this report back, or shall I?"
"Over to you, Pat," Abbie said, reaching for her coat. She had come to Georgetown feeling pretty cocky. Now there was just one word for what she felt. And you know what that one word is, Abs, she said to herself as she went out the door.
Lost.
* * *
The house in Rock Creek Park was beginning to feel like a tomb. John Trask lit a cigarette and surveyed the room. The pizza boxes in the corner gave off the smell of stale garlic. Next to his sleeping bag on the cot, a Styrofoam cup held two days' worth of butts. They floated in the cold coffee like dead roaches.
The Mancini cunt had been away twenty-eight hours. No action except for the message machine. No messages worth shit. Papa Mancini, "Don't blow your mom's birthday this year, okay?" Phone hustlers with deals, the gas company with bills, and that bull dildo from the _Chronicle_ going, "Abbie, Abbie, Abbie, where are you, girl?" Every ten minutes. Another night of this, he'd be crawling the walls.
He got up and turned off the lights. It was easier to think in the dark, not so many distractions. If she didn't come home tonight, maybe he'd go over there and poke around. Check the transmitters, get a little adrenaline pumping. Absently he reached up and took the bra off the console. Slipping his hand into his pocket, he pulled out an old straight-edge razor with an ivory handle and flicked open the blade. Slowly he began cutting away the tips of the bra cups. When he was finished, he stuck his index finger through one of the two holes and sucked it. In the red light from the front panels of the recording gear, his face looked like a glowing coal.
At nine-thirty, he heard a high beep and glanced at the table where he had assembled his equipment. The reels of the tape recorder were beginning to turn. Moving quickly, he picked up the Sennheiser headset and pulled it over his ears.
"Hey, Miss Piggy. I'm back. Call me." _Click_.
Score one for the dildo. He reached up and touched the bra. Maybe things would get more interesting before bedtime. He flicked his cigarette into the cup. With the earphones on, he didn't hear its dying hiss.
* * *
It took Abbie fifteen minutes to find a cab. When she got home, she dropped into a chair in the living room. Why on earth was she stumbling around like this? She got some springwater out of the refrigerator and went upstairs. When she had her nightshirt on and her feet up again, the answer started to take shape. None of this was about Senator Taylor. It was about Sandy. She took a sip of the water and the answer suddenly changed. Course correction time, Abs. It's not about Sandy, either, it's about you. You're not going to trust your soldier until you know why he explodes, but he's not going to understand why he does it until he knows what happened to Alex. No maybes about it. Wasn't that what he'd said?
She reached over to snap off the light. The bright bulb blinded her for a moment, the same way the sun shining through the onionskin paper at the archives out in Suitland had made her squint.
She saw something.
"Jesus." She jumped out of bed and ran down to the kitchen. Grabbing her notebook, she flipped to the entry she had made before leaving Suitland: "Survivor's Report."
That was not what she had seen just now upstairs. What she had seen, the sunlight streaming through the onionskin, was "Survivors Report." No apostrophe. Plural. Maybe it was just a typo. Patrice had the survivor's report for Captain Taylor. But what if what she'd seen wasn't an error? What if Major Rhodes was meticulous?
What if Jeff Taylor wasn't the only survivor?
She was shivering. Bare feet on the cold kitchen floor. Taking the notebook with her, she went back upstairs, shut out the light and crawled under the covers. When the shivering stopped, she picked up the phone again. She counted seven rings. "Come on, come on, come on," she whispered. Just as she was about to hang up, a sleep-blurred voice came on the line.
"It's too damn late, Eddie. Leave me alone."
"Remember me, Professor?" she said, squeezing the phone. "It's Abbie Mancini. I've got an emergency."
* * *
The console had lit up like one of those billboards in Times Square. When the first phone call came in, Trask had been eating a pizza. He still had a slash of tomato sauce on his chin as he bent over the console, punching buttons, tweaking frequencies, turning on the steam.
After half an hour, the board went dead as quickly as it had flashed to life.
Trask rewound the tapes and considered his catch. Reaching up idly, he took down the bra and ran it through his fingers while he worked everything out.
Quality goods. High grade all the way.
When his thoughts were clear, he started to work. First, he wrote everything out on a sheet of paper. Then he flattened the paper on the table next to the console and studied his results.
_Mad Max. Code Yellow. Loose cannon time. Girl's talking to everyone. Senator, his boy genius, Senator's wife. Going to Fayetteville. Boyfriend's gonna know it all. Details in T files_.
_Standing by_.
_DJ_.
Trask didn't know who Mad Max was. No one did. Trask did know that Max liked his alerts fast and hard. No personality. But Trask liked a little color. So he left in the part about the boy genius.
He ran the whole works through the encrypter. Then he fired it into the blue.
#
THIRTY-FIVE
#
*** Hamagar ***
Sandy and Nate followed Drago into the hangar. Each man was carrying a Heckler & Koch semiautomatic. SAS weapon of choice. The gun for all seasons. In the white glare of floodlights, their shadows stretched eerily across the apron of NATO's giant Rhein Main airbase toward the waiting C-130. The ramp was down. Forklifts were raising the last of the pallets onto the cargo ramp.
He thought about Abbie. She'd be getting up soon. He wondered what her bedroom looked like. Have to find out.
He'd spent the day tracking the load through a maze of quartermaster offices, warehouses, a marshalling area, and now onto the runway and into the belly of the transport. The paperwork was all in order. The supplies were moving smoothly. But he hadn't expected to find anything wrong at the German end of the supply line. Who would want to steal MREs? Meals Rejected by Ethiopians, wasn't that the joke back in the 'Dish? He checked anyway. Always a chance. Nail a crooked quartermaster, spare yourself a night jump. Yeah, right. Lots of luck.
The wind bit at their ears as they followed the last pallet into the bird. Clear night, moon down. Good for the jump. But colder than a reindeer's balls. The plane lifted off and headed east. It was a little past three when the C-130 began to bounce in the turbulence over the endless ridges of the Balkans. Sandy had been dozing. The jolt shook him awake. An Air Force load master was opening the floor locks securing the night's payload—eight large pallets loaded with rations, poised under heavy, detachable chutes for the slide out the cargo door into the night.
Sandy signaled Nate and Drago to stand up. As they checked each other's gear, no one said a word. A thumbs-up was enough. Everything good to go. When the locks were undone, the loadmaster turned and held up three fingers. A few minutes later, the nose of the plane tilted up; the loadmaster and his assistant began shoving the bundles into the blackness.
With the rear door open, the roar of the engines was deafening, the cold ferocious. "You first, Lieutenant," Sandy said, turning to Drago. "If there's anyone down there, you start the introductions. We'll come in right behind you." Drago nodded and headed for the end of the platform, a whisp of his ponytail sticking out from under his helmet.
"Okay, Nate, let's hit it."
They followed Drago aft. As the last of the pallets slid out, Sandy smacked Drago on the butt, then Nate, and then all three of them were falling through the blackness. Cold air stabbed into his lungs. He heard the snap of his chute opening, felt the jolt as his body swung perpendicular. Then it was down through the night, silently, like a raven in winter.
The drop zone was a narrow meadow, maybe three miles long, tucked among the hills overlooking Hamagar. Good drop. Through the gray light of the false dawn, Sandy saw the dark outlines of the pallets strewn along the meadow. As he got closer, he saw the chutes collapsed on the dark field. One huge breakfast for someone.
A few hundred yards off down the meadow, he could see Nate and Drago rolling up their chutes. Good jump. The adrenaline pumping now. Nate was looking out over the meadow, empty except for the pallets on the ground. No sound. Only a slight breeze. At the edge of the field, a small knoll stuck up, providing cover, concealment and a good view over the drop zone. Sandy began moving toward it, and the others fell in behind. The knoll was craggy, full of stones. When he reached the top, he saw two deep fissures running through the crest and slicing down the far side of the knoll. Both were deep enough to hide several men.
Nate pointed to the bottom of one of the cracks. It was littered with cigarette butts and empty shell casings. Good sign. The locals used it. Sandy waved Drago into one of the two firing positions, then piled into the second behind Nate. He looked at his watch. Quarter to four. Shouldn't be long.
Two hours later, they were hunkered down. Half frozen now. Worse than a fucking polar bear hunt. Sandy was weighing the risks of crawling from the crack to take a leak when he felt Nate's hand on his shoulder.
"Not now. Look."
The first rays of light were just beginning to hit the dirt track leading through the meadow. At the far end of the track, something was moving in the trees. From the second firing position, Drago raised a finger. He had seen it too.
Sandy flicked the safety off his submachine gun as a shape began to emerge from the dark backdrop of the trees.
A mule.
Shit.
He let his breath out slowly. The animal seemed to know the path. It stepped forward haltingly, shaking its head as if in protest. Then it hit Sandy.
Mine detector. The four-legged kind. Then its owner, a few yards behind, came into view. An old man. A farmer by the look of his heavy trousers, coat and gait.
The old guy saw the pallets strewn across the meadow. The frosty silence over the field broke as he yelled at the mule. Goading the animal with a stick toward the first of the bundles, he followed in its hoof prints. For a moment he stared dumbly at the pile of boxes. Then he took a knife from his coat and slit open a bundle.
His shout of jubilation echoed off the hills. Sheathing the knife, the old man swung up on the mule's back. At a fast trot, they disappeared into the trees.
Hidden on the top of the knoll, the three peacekeepers huddled in their holes and waited.
Ten minutes later Sandy saw Nate twitch slightly as the silence broke again.
_Pop, pop, pop, pop, pop_.
A quick series of small explosions, then a darker roar.
Out of the trees, three motorbikes came sputtering down the track. Behind them lurched a beat-up truck with no muffler. "Ain't troops, Hawk." Nate's whisper was smothered in the echoing roar from the truck's diesel engine. Whoever these guys were, it didn't seem to bother them that everyone within five miles could hear them coming.
Unlike the farmer and the mule, the bikers clearly knew what they were looking for. Passing the pallet the old man had stopped to slit open, the leader on the first motorbike led his irregular little convoy 200 meters farther up the track. At the foot of the knoll, he wheeled around and spun to a stop in the middle of the widely strewn pallets. Stepping off the bike, he unslung the AK-47 strapped to his back. The other two bikers got off and stood next to him.
Nate held up three fingers. Three AKs. How many more?
The truck lumbered to a halt and half a dozen men hidden under a tattered green tarp jumped out. No rifles, no uniforms. A few pistols, lots of muscle. They circled around the guy who had come in on the lead bike.
"Fucking bandits," Nate whispered.
Sandy nodded. NATO's own feed-a-thug program. That's why General Hunter's tough little bastards in Hamagar were starving. The bandit leader snapped an order, and the men from the truck began fanning out over the meadow, cracking open the pallets.
They worked fast. The boxes off the first two pallets were already stowed under the tarp when Sandy heard a loud cry go up at the far end of the field. From the trees, twenty men led by the old farmer on the mule burst into the meadow. For a moment they hesitated, then they ran toward an upended pallet that was lying near the foot of the high ground concealing the three peacemakers.
_Pop, pop, pop, pop_.
The little motorbike got there first. It fell on its side as the bandit leader jumped off. For a moment he stood there waiting while the old man on the mule rode toward him, followed by his group. The Muslims were shouting now. Lot of noise, not many guns.
For a moment the old man sat on the mule. Then he held his hands out in front of him, empty. The shouting behind him died down as he began to plead with the bandit leader. Begging. The bandit shook his head.
A roar went up from the men standing behind the old man.
With a quick upward sweep of the arm, the bandit raised the AK-47 and fired. The burst hit the old man in the face and chest, blowing him off the mule and into the yelling Muslims. There was a second of total silence. Then wild panic. The other two bikers wheeled up, and the villagers broke and streaked away into the trees.
The mule leaned over, gently nosing the dead man's body. The bandit leader threw back his head and laughed.
Sandy's burst caught him in the chest.
Bright red spray spewed from an artery as he spun and fell on top of the old man. At the same moment, Nate's burst blew the second gunman crumpled against the pallet. The SAS also knew its business. Drago's fire shattered the third bandit's head like a lightbulb hit by a hammer.
Far down the meadow, the sound of the shots transfixed the bandits loading the truck. Sandy heard a soft _thuuuck_ as a pistol round clunked into the cardboard pallet at his feet. Drago's submachine gun chattered. A long burst arced down the field and shattered the truck's windshield. The driver jumped behind the wheel. With bandits clinging to the doors and bed of the truck, he skittered the old wreck out of range.
Sandy looked at his watch. It was 0700 hours. Three dead, the smell of sulfur rising through the mist over the meadow. If this was peacekeeping, what would it mean to fight?
Gingerly, the three of them edged out of their firing positions and down to the field.
It was cold, very cold. In the meadow, the only sound was the wail of the wind.
Sandy pointed to the motorbikes. They were lying on their sides in a lot better shape than their defunct owners. Picking up the nearest one, he kicked the starter. "You guys all right?" he called over to Nate and Drago. They nodded. "Okay, let's check out the town."
#
THIRTY-SIX
#
**Fayetteville * North Carolina**
The alarm went off like a jammed doorbell. Keeping her eyes shut, Abbie groped for the button: 4:45 A.M. She curled her knees to her chin, squeezing a final thirty seconds of fetal bliss from the night, then threw back the quilt.
A day from hell, she thought, groggily burying her head under a hot wake-up spray in the shower. Her flight left National at six-thirty. She had to be back by eight that night for dinner with Jeff. Her place. Her treat. Her tough-luck schedule.
Stepping out of the tub, she pulled on a robe and rubbed a peephole in the gray steam fogging the bathroom window. Floating in the blackness out by the front curb she saw the soft yellow glow of Marvin Hammer's "Off Duty" light. Bless you, Marv. Hack-in-a-Hurry Car Service. The one guy in Washington who never let you down.
She threw on underwear, a pale gray cashmere sweater and a charcoal pants suit and snuggled into a pair of soft, charcoal-gray goatskin loafers. As an afterthought, she tied a gray, rust and white argyle sweater around her waist. In the kitchen, she grabbed a container of blueberry yogurt. Picking up her laptop and purse, she headed for the door.
As she came down the brick path in front of the house she heard a quick, metallic snap that startled her. But it was only Marv, all six feet four inches and three hundred pounds of him, releasing the door locks.
"Here we go again, I hear those trumpets blow again," he sang loudly—and wildly off-key—as she slipped into the backseat. "Where to this time, Lois Lane?" She had heard the mossy old joke too many times, but she indulged him. Where else could she find another Marv?
"Up, up and away, big guy. National. You've got twenty minutes."
"No problem." He dropped the black Lincoln into gear and barreled out of the park like a buffalo in rut. Sex did it for some guys. For Marv, it was making all the stoplights. Through the park, down the Potomac with only the headlights of the overachievers glaring at them along the way, in fifteen minutes he dropped her in front of the USAir terminal. "How about seven o'clock tonight?" She handed him a twenty.
"I'm yours, Miss Lane."
With coffee money on the meter, Marv flipped his light to "Off Duty" and roared off, ignoring a few early arrivals trying to catch his eye. "The early worm catches the bird," he had once told her. Picking up speed herself, she headed for the gate.
Fayetteville was five hours off by way of Atlanta. A good-looking young soldier with a rolled-up copy of the _Army Times_ in his hand took the seat next to her. By the time they reached cruising altitude, he was calling her ma'am and offering her one of the cold strawberry Pop Tarts he'd brought aboard for breakfast. Nice kid. He made her feel good about national security and bad about getting old.
In Atlanta she killed time catching up with the Reuters and AP newsfeeds on her laptop, then hopped the puddle jumper to Fayetteville. The plane bumped down through clouds and a light rain, all gloom outside her window until, breaking through the overcast, she saw the first tall Carolina pines and felt the gentle bump of the landing.
Santana was waiting for her at Gate 1. He was wearing a black T-shirt and chinos and for a moment she didn't recognize him. Then he whipped off his sunglasses and walked up to her flashing a grin that could have melted permafrost. "Are we going to war, Miss Mancini?" He took the laptop from her shoulder, shaking off her protest. "It was nice and peaceful down here until you called, but when I got up this morning they were issuing everyone flak jackets."
You shouldn't hug this guy, she thought—wanting to in a mostly sisterly sort of way—but who's going to shoot you for squeezing his hand? "I am a woman of peace, Sergeant Santana," she said. "Tell them they can stand down."
Santana led her out of the terminal to the parking lot. His car stunned her. It was a black and yellow 1986 Camaro, chopped and channeled and low-ridered until the oil pan was not quite scraping the ground. It looked like some sort of wingless fighter. You can take the boy out of East Los Angeles, she reflected, but you can't take East Los Angeles out of the boy. Becca would kill for it. He caught her surprise and grinned. "It's all a matter of cultural anthropology, Miss Mancini. Think of it as an artifact."
"Call me Abbie."
"Call me José."
"All right, José, let's boogie on out of here."
On the road into Fayetteville, she noticed that he drove more carefully than Marv. Was it because he had more experience with death or simply that he didn't want to scratch a masterpiece? His own finish was as perfect as his car's. His skin was a smooth pale beige. On the wheel, his fingers were relaxed, as practiced as a lover's.
"Where we going?" she said.
"My place. Better commo. I've got a surprise for you."
She could see modern buildings rising ahead of them, giving Fayetteville a skyline where once there had only been pines. Then Santana hit the funkier reaches of the place, mile after mile of fast food stands and filling stations, bars and the occasional tattoo parlor, all the fittings of a good Army town. On the sidewalks were men in BDU, even a few women. Slouching in the passenger seat, looking out the window, Abbie began to pick up some oddly contradictory signals. All around her she could sense the violence that beat at the heart of the place. And yet she felt safe.
Santana drove down a street lined with small stores: a bodega with vegetables, plantains and the season's last withered fruit outside, a shop with bridal gowns, the San Salvador Social Club, a newsstand piled with stuff in Spanish. They parked the Camaro in a small, one-car garage around the corner. Santana locked the wooden doors and she followed him up the sidewalk to the third house on the right, a shingled two-story Victorian with a catalpa tree shading the small yard in front.
"My pad," Santana said, unlocking the door. "José Homemaker."
One wall of the large front room was filled with electronics gear. Black boxes with chrome handles, dials and read-outs, an oscilloscope and something with vacuum tubes that looked early _Star Trek_. It was as if Santana was running a radio station.
On the adjoining wall was a collection of Central and South American masks. Some were carved in wood, others seemed to be made of something like papier-mâché. He had collected animals with gnashing teeth, birds in red and green feathers, demons with bloodshot eyes.
"Get comfortable," he said, "have a seat." He waved her to a chair that appeared to be constructed of bones and covered with the skin of an animal she'd never seen. "Llama shanks," he said, laughing at her expression. "Don't worry. The skin's Naugahyde. I got it at Pep Boys." He went out and came back with two mugs of coffee, light brown. "Mocha Antigua," he said, the faintest aroma of bitter chocolate trailing behind him. "House blend."
"What's the surprise?" she asked him.
"Later." He handed her one of the mugs. "First, let's take care of your emergency."
He spoke with no trace of an accent. His voice was terse, but quiet. If she didn't know better she would have taken him for an Anglo.
"I'm sorry I called so late."
"I thought you were Mayemura. Eddie I might have killed." He raised his mug to his lips, studying her over the rim. "We used to share this place, but Eddie couldn't stand the furniture. Drove him right into marriage. But he still calls home, usually in the middle of the night after he's been hitting the cooking sherry."
"Why? What's bothering him?"
"Same thing that bothers the rest of us. Same thing that bothers Captain Caine."
"What's that?" None of them had talked this way in Mogadishu.
"Being and nothingness." He shrugged. "The soldier's life. Combat and ennui. War and peace. The little things that wear you down."
"I see why they call you the Professor."
He shrugged. "Don't be too sure. We're all philosophers here. The green berets are just for show. They should have issued mortarboards, but the tassels get in the way when you're shooting."
She laughed. "Look, José, my problem doesn't stack up to yours—existentially speaking—I'm just following the captain's orders."
"What is it?"
"You remember how worked up he got over what Perkins told him in Mogadishu?"
Santana nodded. "He told Nate, Nate told me."
"The paper wants me to do this story on Senator Taylor and Vietnam, right? So my plan was to find out everything that happened to his A-Team. That way I'd learn more about Sandy's father..."
Santana was grinning at her. "Sandy?" he said. " _Sandy?_ "
"Yeah, well, okay, we've gotten past the Captain Caine and Miss Mancini stage. Anyway, the plan was to find out what Perkins meant and explain all to the Dark Brooding One, who would immediately lighten up and be grateful forever. And we'd all live happily ever after."
"Sounds good to me. What's the hitch?"
"I'm not quite sure."
"What doesn't compute?"
"I found Senator Taylor's ex-wife. She told me he had nightmares about Vietnam, but went to black when I asked her what they were. Then I found the after-action report on ODA 351—all the dope on how Sandy's father was killed. I won't bore you with the details, but I think there's an outside chance the senator wasn't the only survivor."
"I don't see where I fit in, Abbie. I'm not big on recent American history."
She stood up and got the list of dead men out of her purse. Santana examined it and handed it back. "Never served on a burial detail, Abbie. I dig things up."
"Yeah, me, too. That's where I need your help. The next stop is the National Personnel Records Center. The military branch. It's in St. Louis. You know computers. I was hoping you could hack into the center and trace these names. If I can get to wives or parents of the dead guys, maybe I can turn up something new."
"That's all you need?"
She blushed. "Sorry. I know it's tough. Maybe I'm just fantasizing."
"Wrong. This one's easy."
He pushed the coffee mug aside and walked over to his wall of electronics. Punching numbers into a console, he stood back, and Abbie heard what sounded like a phone ringing, then a voice from within a barrel somewhere.
" _Sí_ , what the hell you want?"
"Mendoza? This is Santana. I got a dozen KIA, amigo. All our guys, Nam, sixty-six. How soon can you get me everything you got?"
There was a pause. She heard a quick exchange in Spanish. It sounded like a short, hot firefight, the kind that dies out as quickly as it flares up.
"Don't ask," Santana said. "You don't need to know." The disembodied voice died in the barrel as Abbie walked over to the wall. Santana appeared to be concealing something on the counter behind his back. When she reached him, she saw what he'd been hiding.
"Speakerphone, technology circa 1958," he said, grinning at the bewildered look on her face. "You don't need to hack the Records Center, Abbie. You can't. The old stuff's all on paper."
"So, you..."
"So you reach out and touch someone. Mendoza and I went to Santa Monica High School. Both Crips, homegirl, before we started looking for safe work. He says give him a couple hours."
"How's he going to do it?"
"They've got this high-tech miracle thing in St. Louis. Ever heard of it?"
"No. What?"
"I think they call it a fax."
#
THIRTY-SEVEN
#
*** Hamagar ***
_Pop, pop, pop, pop_.
Too damn cold to laugh.
Knees up to his chin, Nate was wobbling down the road ahead of them on a rickety little motorbike spattered with mud and grease. Except for the submachine gun slung across his back, he looked like a guy taking his first ride without training wheels.
_Pop, pop, pop, pop_.
They crested a hill, swung around a long curve and came out on a narrow ridge overlooking Hamagar. Below them, the stone houses and barns of the village huddled around the broad town square. In the middle of the square they saw three very lonely British Saxons.
"Jesus," Nate yelled over his shoulder. "It looks like Hunter's mobile CP."
Drago shrugged. "He likes to keep an eye on things."
Sandy pointed down to the square. "Won't be easy, I'd say." A crowd of villagers, perhaps three hundred men and boys, was swirling around the UN vehicles. All three of the APCs were immobilized, their wheels jammed by timbers. The rear door of the lead Saxon opened, and Hunter stepped out. His beret loomed over the crowd, a bobbing blue dot on a field of brown.
"Nice of him to stop by and see how his boys were doing," Sandy said.
"Lot better'n he is," Nate said. The villagers were pressing around the tall peacekeeper, shouting him down. For a while, he tried pushing back, but as the villagers closed in tighter, he ducked back into the Saxon and slammed the door shut. Howling now, the starving villagers he had set out to feed began rocking the APC, trying to spill him.
"What's their problem, Drago?" Sandy said.
"They think the UN's sold them out. It looks like that sometimes."
"Like right now?"
"I'd say so."
Sandy turned to Nate. "We need an army, man. You're gonna be it. Drago and I are going down there. Give us a couple of minutes, then make a whole lot of noise."
"You'll hear it." Balancing on the bikes, Sandy and Drago set off down the twisting road for the village. _Pop, pop, poppity-pop_.
When they reached the square, Sandy stopped just short of the mob. A few men and boys turned and looked at them sullenly. "Tell them to stand down," Sandy said. Drago shouted a few words at the back of the crowd.
No one moved.
Revving the bike's pennywhistle engine, Sandy got the front wheel between two jostling farmers and started wedging his way toward the besieged APCs. He could hear the popping of Drago's bike right behind him. "Tell them they've got the wrong guys," he yelled. Drago started shouting, and Sandy sensed a slight softening in the crowd. Kicking up the engine, he pushed on, knocking aside hands that stretched out to block him.
Suddenly, he heard the pounding on the APCs stop. The villagers split ranks, allowing him to skid forward to the lead Saxon.
Standing next to the door was a small man with a pistol stuck in his belt. Nosing up to him, Sandy stopped the bike and let Drago draw in beside him.
The Muslim's face was deeply creased. He looked at them coldly. But he left the pistol in his belt.
"Hit him hard," Sandy told Drago. "Tell him I'm the commander of a UN parachute force. The man in the car is my boss. We dropped in and we're deployed all around the village. If he doesn't stop this shit, we're going to open fire."
Drago began to translate. The villager put his hand on his pistol.
From the shoulder of the hill, a long burst of submachine gun fire raked across the rooftops of Hamagar. The men and boys in the mob threw themselves to the ground, leaving Sandy and the Muslim to stare each other down. A second burst, this time from farther down the shoulder, clipped the top of a mosque, sending a shower of clay and dust down on the square. The Muslim's hand fell from his belt.
"Goddamn it, we're not here to kill you," Sandy shouted. "We came to feed you, not fight you."
Drago spoke more quietly now.
"There's chow up in the meadow. Tell them that, Drago. Tell them we killed the bandits who were stealing their food. Tell them to check out the bikes."
As Drago began, a spasm ran through the mob. Suddenly, men and boys were running full tilt from the square. In less than a minute, it was empty. Sandy pounded on the door of the Saxon.
"Captain Caine here, sir. You can open up."
General Hunter stepped out. "Not unlike Arnhem," he said, surveying the square. "Except this time the reinforcements arrived on time."
From the road, Nate came toward them, the submachine gun crooked over his arm. Their one-man army glanced at the mosque, satisfying himself that his aim had been high enough to do no damage. "Well done," General Hunter said genially. "Pop in the back and we'll have a toast. I brought the gin." Nate looked out over the empty square, then back at Sandy. "Better be quick, Hawk. We got maybe five more minutes before they find out what's in those MREs."
Sandy looked at him blankly.
"Remember the 'Dish? One in twelve of those suckers is always pork."
Lieutenant Drago was already in the Saxon. The general pointed to the three dusty bikes. "Advancing on bicycles. Stroke of genius," he said. "Follow me, gentlemen. I think there's a more comfortable way to withdraw."
#
THIRTY-EIGHT
#
*** Fayetteville ***
Out on the street a car started to honk its horn, three short blasts, three long, then another quick three beeps. "SOS," Santana announced cheerfully, grabbing a yellow LA Lakers jacket and pulling it on. "What is it?" Abbie asked, scrambling to fasten her purse and pick up her laptop. "Santana's Own Surprise," he said. "Follow me."
She fell in behind him as he banged through the door and started trotting toward a coppertone Buick pulled up to the curb. Two men were sitting in the front seat. She saw the window on the passenger side roll down and a hand the size of a catcher's mitt shoot out, beckoning to them wildly. " _Schnell_ , José," shouted Sergeant Kruger. "Ve're late."
Santana opened the rear door for her, then slid in beside her. Up in the front seat, Eddie Mayemura craned around. "Welcome aboard, Miss Mancini," he said. "Our ground time here will be short." Then he turned back, stamped on the gas and took off down the quiet street as if they were outlaws racing a posse.
"Where are you nutsos taking me?" Abbie yelled. Above the throaty roar of the engine, her own voice sounded a tad squeaky. "Vait," Kruger said, winking at her. "Von't be two minutes."
They rocketed down the streets Santana had navigated so carefully in the Camaro. Running a red light, they swung left against the traffic and came to a tire-squealing stop in front of the ugliest building Abbie had ever seen. It was low, barely high enough to qualify as one story, and made of cinderblocks. At some point in the remote past, someone had given it a bottom coat of paint in light, desert tan, then splashed it with irregular green blotches of jungle camouflage. It gave the general impression of a North African bunker from World War II ripped up and transplanted to the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
Santana reached for the door. "Welcome to Sweeny's Valley of the Shadow," he said.
"Who's Sweeny?" Abbie asked, edging gingerly out of the backseat. Santana raised his finger to his lips.
"Sweeny's your surprise."
Kruger and Mayemura were already trooping toward the saloon. The low door was timbered at the top and flanked by sandbags. She had to duck her head as her three jostling escorts raucously showed her in.
The walls were painted dark brown. It was noon outside. Here it could have been midnight. A few dim yellow bulbs lit the place, supplemented by the flashing red lights of an old pinball machine pushed in one corner. Over the bar was a large sign that said DE OPPRESSO LIBER. And standing under the sign was Sweeny.
It couldn't be anyone else, she decided. He was as much a part of the decor as the sign itself. He went maybe six two up and down and about half that around a middle that was flat and packed hard as a slab of concrete. She put him in his early sixties, though there was no way of being sure. He had the shoulders of an ox and the eyes of a rhino with a nose in between them that had been rearranged so many times his own mother wouldn't recognize it.
"Sweeny, ma'am," he said, pushing out a hand that made Kruger's look like a seventh-grader's. She watched her own disappear into it and wondered if it would ever come back whole.
"Mancini," she said, praying her voice wouldn't break. "Great place. What does the sign mean?"
"It means grease the bad guys or they'll sure as hell grease you."
"In Latin," Kruger said.
Oh man, she thought to herself, what am I doing here? She sneaked a look at her watch. Still two hours before she had to be back at the airport. Two full hours. Plenty of time to find out.
Santana caught her checking the time. While the others were ordering beer, he sat down on the stool next to hers.
"Perkins wasn't the only guy who knew Sandy's dad," he said. "Sweeny knew both of them. And your senator. That interest you?"
"Jesus," she said. "Who is he?"
"You're looking at Sergeant Major Brian Sweeny. Airborne. Four combat jumps to play with the Nazis. Pusan to the Yalu and back. Ia Drang Valley. I lose track. The Valley of the Shadow's chief barkeep and sole owner. Beer from every battle zone. They fly it in for him. Dying for a cold Jarli from Laos? Gotta have one last Phoumere from Cambodia? Still dreaming about the bargirl who did blowjobs with a Kinga chaser in Angola? Nostalgic for Saigon's finest, Ba Muoi Ba, Beer 33, the best brew ever made from formaldehyde? This is the place to come."
She looked across the bar. Sweeny was beaming at her.
"What can I getcha?"
"I'll have one of those formaldehyde specials, that 33 one."
He exploded with laughter, a deep bass laugh that sounded like it came from one of those 6-foot drums the elephants play at the circus. For a second he swabbed the dark mahogany bar. "You're all right, sugar," he said. Then he went off to get the beer.
"This is how it is," Santana said. He seemed eager to get the story out of the way before Sweeny came back with the round. "Sweeny was the world's greatest warrior except around payday, when he'd get on the booze and turn into the world's greatest lush until his dough ran out. Then he'd be back at reveille ready to kill for God and Country. Nobody better at it.
"That's the way he did it for twenty years. Then came Vietnam and one day this new shavetail right out of West Point saw him turn out still half drunk while they were running up the flag on the parade ground. Instead of looking the other way, this prick pressed court-martial charges against him and went all the way to the top at Division to make it stick."
"Did this little prick happen to be a preppy from Andover?"
"Stop it, reporter lady. You're getting way ahead of me. What happened was this. The Division Commander was a two-star. He and Sweeny had fought in Sicily together. He spiked the court-martial and got Sweeny transferred out of the 82nd Airborne into the 5th Special Forces Group. And Sweeny's ass was saved."
Survivors Report. Plural. "Are you saying Sweeny was with them? That he made it through?"
"Goddamn it, Abbie, there you go again. What is it about you reporters? Why do you always think you know the story before you even hear it? No, that's not what I'm saying."
"Oh," she said, crestfallen. "Sorry. Go on."
"Okay. So it's 1965. Sweeny's back from Vietnam after being shot up, and this shavetail is now a first lieutenant. And he turns up reassigned to the 5th Special Forces Group at Fort Bragg as the skipper of ODA 351.
"We're talking 'irregular Army.' Real irregular. No more by-the-book shit. Sweeny was in heaven. He filled that team with every whacko he knew. Fuck up and you went to ODA 351. They made the Dirty Dozen look like choirboys. The way Sweeny saw it, if the fine young officer was so brilliant, he ought to be able to take his precious book and make warriors out of those fuckups."
"What does that say about Sandy's dad?"
"You're the reporter? Why don't you ask Sweeny?"
She looked up and he was looming over them. It was unnerving. He was huge, but he had come back up without making a sound. He could have snapped both their necks. Instead, he held out two bottles of beer, one brown, one an odd magenta, which, fortunately, was for Santana.
"One Ba Muoi Ba for the lady. I'm not going to tell you what Santana's got there. Still classified. You'll have to rip it out of him yourself."
How much had he heard? Everything, probably.
"So what's the story on Alexander Caine?" she asked, taking care not to wipe the mouth of the bottle before she took her first pull. Sweeny hadn't brought out any glasses.
"A weak starter who finished strong," Sweeny said thoughtfully. "The Dom Rep was the first time he saw combat. I heard he was slow on the draw there, so I put him with Taylor's team."
"What happened."
"Turned out I was wrong. Caine was just a late bloomer. Never had trouble with him. Time he shipped he's the most gung-ho sunuvabitch you ever seen. Had this gray hair. I think the men called him Gray. Got a picture of him and me out hunting together one time. Jesus, that bastard could shoot. He bagged his buck a full six hours before me, then sat there laughing his ass off while I burned down the woods. His buck was eight points, mine was six. Anyway, we got 'em strung up and in the picture he's standing between those two sonsabitches. Tough little fucker. I loved him. Picture's gotta be around somewhere. Probably back at my place. Want me to dig it out for you?"
"That would be great. Did you go with him to Vietnam?"
"Oh shit, no. I did my last 'Nam tour in late sixty-four, back when they were still calling us advisors." He held up the bar rag. "Banged up an arm—I guess someone didn't think much of the advice." The tattoos on the thickly muscled brown forearm trailed off into blank white scar tissue that covered the elbow and disappeared beneath the rolled-up shirtsleeve. "Chickenshit wound," he said thoughtfully. "But it made me slow on the draw. So I wound up training guys like Taylor and Caine to go get their asses shot off."
"What about Taylor?"
"You know, sugar, turned out I was wrong about him, too."
"How?"
"I hated his guts. Still do. But look at him now."
"You mean, being senator, people talking about him for President?"
"Not that bullshit. I mean the Blue Max. I was there the day LBJ put it around his neck. It'd been a year since Lang Vei, but he still looked pretty beat up. And I felt like a turd for what had happened between us. Those boys had put up one hell of a fight and he had led them."
The big man looked down at the bar. Her beer had left a wet round circle. They both saw it at the same time and he wiped it away like a bad memory.
"What did you do?" she said, taking another pull from her bottle.
"I went over there and saluted and shook his hand."
"Then what?"
"I said, 'I've never been so goddamn wrong about one man in my whole fucking life.' "
Abbie finished the Ba Muoi Ba. "Good for you, gal," Sweeny said and he lumbered off to get her another round. She turned back to the bar, where Santana and Kruger were playing liar's poker, calling improbable hands off the serial numbers of folded dollar bills, eyeballing each other like two riverboat gamblers.
Suddenly there was the sound of breaking glass followed by a loud roar at the far end of the bar. A muscle-bound NCO, slightly drunk but in an Irish fighting mood. He was swearing at the top of his lungs and poking the business end of a broken beer bottle at Sweeny.
Santana dropped his dollar bill on the bar and started slowly toward them. Mayemura grinned at Kruger. The two of them leaned on the bar and watched Santana glide forward.
"Motherfucking ugly old pig fucker," the drunk shouted, jabbing the bottle at Sweeny.
" _Buenas tardes, amigo_ ," Santana said softly, coming up behind the bottle artist. The man wheeled around, shoving the jagged bottle toward him.
The heel of Santana's open palm smacked him in the chest, knocking the wind out of him, spinning him around toward Sweeny.
The older man drove his fist into the drunk's face. There were two distinct noises this time. The first, the brittle snap of the drunk's nose breaking, the second, the thump as he hit the floor.
Leaning over, Sweeny grabbed him by the back of the neck and hauled him to his feet. Smashing the door to the Valley of the Shadow open with the fallen warrior's head, Sweeny threw him out into the street.
"V'ont be back," Kruger said to Mayemura.
"Not tonight, anyway."
* * *
The ride back to the airport was like whitewater rafting with a stoned crew. Eddie was running half the red lights and all the yellow ones. Kruger was singing out the window. "Ofur hill, ofur dale, ve v'll hit di dusty trail..."
Only Santana was silent. She chalked it up to Latino dignity. But before they poured her out at the terminal, he took off his black shades and looked at her seriously. "You've got friends, Abbie," he said. "You know where we are." He handed her the laptop and looked out the other window.
Turning to go into the terminal she heard the Buick burn rubber. Kruger was singing to the pines.
"In und out, in und out, hear de vagon master shout..."
She ran for the gate.
#
THIRTY-NINE
#
*** Rock Creek Park ***
Marv double-parked outside the Hungry Gazelle while Abbie dashed in to collect dinner: one fistful of watercress, another of asparagus, some gorgonzola, a king-sized sweet potato and two poached salmon steaks.
Danny Sawyer, the owner, sized up the tiny haul she dumped on his counter. "You trying to seduce the guy or starve him?" He held up the potato as if he were weighing a bad idea.
"Business, all business," she said, scrambling through her purse for her wallet. "The idea is to get him to talk. How's he going to do that with his mouth full? With hollandaise running down his chin?"
"You need help, kid."
"I need a lot of things."
She paid the bill and hurried back to the taxi. Marv was listening to the News at Seven on the radio. Something about Saddam Hussein's anthrax capabilities and Senator Taylor's defense of the F-44 program. "Way I see it," Marv said over his shoulder, "we ought to spray both of 'em."
"Spoken like the true voice of reason."
"Call me the Terminator."
"Okay, Arnold. Just take me home."
It was already dark when they came up the street to her place. The For Sale sign in front of the Coorain house was gone. She wondered who the new neighbors would be. Must've left a light on last time through, she thought absently. Anyone would be better than Hugo Coorain. In a town of cigar fanatics, he smoked the kind with little plastic tips. When the wind was blowing right, you could smell them four houses away.
She dropped the groceries in the kitchen. There was a message from Santana on her machine telling her Mendoza had come through. She looked down the counter and saw half a dozen sheets of paper waiting in the fax. Her clock, a neon number that had TWILIGHT DINER written in throbbing letters around the rim, said quarter to eight. She dropped the asparagus into the steamer and uncorked a bottle of Merlot. By the time the doorbell rang, a few minutes later, the salmon was in the oven, the potato in the microwave.
Senator Taylor was standing at the door holding a small bunch of blue asters, the stems wrapped in red tissue paper and tied with a small white bow. Primary colors, she thought as he stepped through the door and handed them to her.
She noticed that his limp was more pronounced than it had been the day of the reception at Fort Myer. "Tough day," he shrugged. "Look, I wanted to make sure we got together this evening, but I can't stay long. I've got to get back to the office." She wasn't quite sure whether she felt relieved or insulted. A little of both, to be honest.
"Okay, moving right along, would you mind checking the asparagus, Senator?" she said, walking him into the kitchen and pointing toward the steamer. The junior senator from Ohio took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves, tucked aside his tie and peered over the stove. She handed him a hot pad. He pulled the little steel basket of asparagus out of the steamer and brought it over for her inspection.
"Good," she said. "You get an _A_ plus." The microwave beeped, and the oven timer sent up a cheery little domestic ding. The goblets of wine and the rest of the dinner were on the table in two minutes and gone in ten. She fixed them espresso and came back with two small cups and a microrecorder on a black lacquered tray.
"I talked to your wife." She watched his eyes, wondering how he would take it.
"How was she?"
"Not bad. Considering."
"Considering what?"
"Considering that her breasts are gone and her husband right behind them."
"You do get right down to it, don't you? Didn't you ever hear about buttering up the source before you go in for blood? Yes, I was a shit, but I didn't want us to break up. What did she tell you?"
"She said you had night sweats. Bad dreams."
"Is that right?" The voice slightly different now. Stalling or just bored? He reached down and brushed an invisible piece of lint off his trouser leg. "About what?"
"She wouldn't say."
He turned his spoon slowly in the little white cup. There was something appealing about him, the intelligence behind the handsome exterior.
"Without putting too fine a point on it, Senator, what makes you scream in the night? Janine told me I'd have to ask you."
"Good of her." Looking into his cup, he started stirring as if the rest of the answer might lie beneath the surface of the black espresso. "Guilty conscience, I guess."
Abbie glanced at her recorder. It was still running, thank God. This was not the moment to change batteries or flip a cassette.
"How come you said in the chopper you wanted to die?"
"Where did you get that?"
"The after-action report. Come on, you know that as well as I do. Don't tell me Pat hasn't shown it to you."
As if he suddenly felt cold, he twisted in the chair and reached for his jacket. Interview over, she thought to herself. But once he had the jacket on, he turned and rested his elbows on the table. "All right," he said. "I'm going to tell you something I've never told anyone before."
She glanced away for a second, pretending she had missed the urgency in his voice, an old trick, inviting him to keep going. Through the darkened kitchen window she could see out into the park. A light in the Coorain house suddenly went on. Odd, she thought, looking at her watch. Eight-thirty. Must've been on a timer.
The senator's voice fell, veering toward the confessional.
"I thought I deserved to die."
"Why?"
He pressed his fingers to his temples and closed his eyes. For an instant, she couldn't tell whether he was playing to the galleries or whether the moment was genuinely painful for him. Then she saw he was pressing back tears, annihilating them before they could show. By the time he looked up at her, they were gone. But for just that instant, he had nearly broken down.
"Ten men were dead," he said. "I was their leader. I thought I should be with them."
"What happened, Jeff?" she said, more gently this time.
"I tried everything in the book to save them."
"Everyone knows that. You shouldn't blame yourself."
"Nothing worked," he said, ignoring her. "Even air strikes on our own position. Do you know what that means, Abbie? It meant the odds were even up we'd be blown to hell right along with the enemy. But there wasn't any other choice. Our guys had been out on the perimeter all morning with the Montagnards and they were getting torn to shit."
"Where was Lieutenant Caine? Was he already dead?"
"Not far from it. None of us were."
"What happened? Did he wimp out?"
"Don't be so stupid. This wasn't about courage or cowardice."
"I'm sorry, Jeff." But he was already pushing far ahead of her.
"Look, Abbie. Every man, every human being has a limit. There are no heroes the way civilians think of them. Fuck Rambo. He doesn't exist. Push us far enough and eventually we all crack. Alex, me, Sandy. Even you, Abbie. Every damn one of us. Christ, they were killing us with mortar and recoilless rifle fire.
"Have you ever seen a friend of yours shot, Abbie? Have you ever seen his guts come sliding out like a pink hose?"
"No." Technically, she hadn't. Gomez came to mind, but he hadn't been a friend.
"That's what happened to Tom Lord and Linc Naylor. Everly was lucky. He took a direct hit from a recoilless rifle round. There wasn't anything left of him to see. The pieces just sort of flew toward the jungle. So let's not talk about wimping out. They were all dead. Everybody. Zipped in body bags—what was left of them—and squared away for the refrigerator. And I should have been with them."
"I'm so sorry, Jeff. If I had known—"
"Now you do. So, yes, you're damn right I scream in the night. There's only one lesson that came out of that shithole. Don't let it happen again."
It was five after nine. He looked at his watch. "I don't see any point in talking about this anymore, do you?" he said. She followed him to the door. "Sorry I dumped on you," he said, leaving his hand on the knob. She saw it was shaking.
He didn't wait for her to respond. At the curb, his driver was already holding the door open for him. She watched him limp across the sidewalk and get into the backseat. The car pulled away. He didn't wave.
* * *
When she got back to the kitchen, she sat down and looked at the table. The plates were smeared pink and black with salmon skin and bones. She ran hot water over them and left them in the sink.
She was about to shut off the lights when she remembered Santana's message. The sheets from Mendoza were in the fax. Then she went into the living room, snapped on a table lamp and sat down in her reading chair. The list wasn't very long. The clock upstairs in the hall struck the half hour. Nine-thirty Eastern time, six-thirty on the Coast. Everyone would be home. She looked at the first name on the list. Beckman's parents lived in Detroit. Reaching for a pencil and a notepad, she settled in and began to work the phone.
"The number you called is not in service."
Eight to go. She tried again. Two more wrong-o's for Dunford and Prysbekowski, but when she rang the number for Shapen, the voice of a nurse, as crisp as her uniform had to be, said, "Good evening. Greenleaf Rest."
A few minutes later she was talking to the mother of SFC Layton Shapen, who was eighty-six, deaf and more than a little disoriented.
"Oh, Layton isn't dead. He comes every night to see me. It's Lewis who's dead."
Abbie heard someone whisper to Mrs. Shapen. Then a man's voice.
"This is Lewis Shapen. May I help you?"
It turned out that Lewis had been two when his brother was killed. He told her he didn't know anything about Layton and the war, only that his mother kept the citation that came with the Bronze Star in the drawer next to her bed at Greenleaf. She thanked him and plunged on.
Everly's father asked her if she was another one of those MIA hustlers trying to make his life miserable.
"They vaporized him, lady. They couldn't find enough pieces to fill a body bag. They sent us dog tags and his Bible. He was reading the Book of Ezra. The ribbon was still on the page, stuck right there under his blood."
Four left. She only had it in her to do one more. Closing her eyes, she aimed the pencil at the list. When she opened them, she saw it had landed on S/Sgt. Lawrence Hyduk. The phone was listed under the area code for western Massachusetts. Leaning back in the chair, she rubbed her neck for a moment. Then she hit the numbers.
"Dr. Hyduk speaking."
The familiar tone snapped her out of her gloom. It could have been her father.
"This is Abigail Mancini, _Washington Chronicle_ ," she said quickly. "I know I shouldn't be calling at this hour—"
"Is this an emergency? It's awfully late."
"It is kind of an emergency. Could you give me a minute or two?" She heard a deep sigh, the same how-can-they-do-this-to-me sigh she knew so well. It always meant, I hate this invasion, but it's what I chose.
"All right, Miss Mancini. But please be quick. I have rounds in the morning."
"I'm working on a Vietnam story for the anniversary next spring. I'm focusing the piece on Senator Jefferson Taylor. I see from the records that before your son was killed, he served with the senator." She heard her own voice and wondered how she could sound like such a cold bitch. "I know how painful this must be for you, but I'm trying to trace all the people who fought alongside Senator Taylor and I was hoping you might remember something about him and your son."
The silence at the other end of the line was arctic. It was as if she had put a call through to a phone hanging on the North Pole.
"He's not my son."
"I'm sorry. I must have the wrong number."
"He's my brother."
"Dr. Hyduk, please forgive me. I feel very stupid, but the records I have in front of me show that your brother was killed in I Corps on August 26, 1966."
Another silence, then a gust from the Pole.
"Dead? Larry dead? He's too damn mean to be dead."
#
FORTY
#
*** Rock Creek Park ***
E-mail was so much easier than the phone. No matter what kind of shape you were in, it made you sound in control. When she finished with Dr. Hyduk, she brushed the hair out of her eyes, opened the laptop and began to pound.
To: p@santana.net
From: amanci@washchron.com
Subject: ODA 351
Here's the big one, pups, and where are you? Ever hear of a guy named Larry Hyduk? From Alex's outfit, dead for 28 years? His brother believes he's still alive. It's just no one can find him. The truth is no one really wants to find him. Except you and me, pups. Got any ideas on how to dig up a Green Beret who might be back from the dead? I'm going up to the Red Lion Inn in Stockbridge tomorrow. I'm not doing this alone, so get in touch. Just who's the responsible party here? And whose life is it, anyway?
YR.
When she finished, she punched the send button and watched the pulsing light on the computer until the message shot off into cyber-night.
* * *
One last beep, and the recorder stopped.
Trask rewound the large reel and played it again. When he had the beginning and end points marked, he dubbed the conversation onto a DAT cassette. Then he snapped the cassette into a small recorder and slipped the recorder into his shirt pocket.
Good stuff.
The girl was leaving for Massachusetts the next afternoon. The flight bookings, the reservation at the Red Lion Inn in Stockbridge, he had them all. A little late, but there shouldn't be a problem. He turned knobs and punched buttons until his bugs were rolling again on automatic. Then he grabbed his jacket and went out the rear door.
The white truck was on a side street off Connecticut Avenue. He made it in five minutes. The drive downtown was another fifteen. He took it slowly, humming to himself as Yuppies heading home whipped by him in their dumb little Audis and BMWs.
He pulled into the lot behind the all-night diner and parked.
The place was called Waiting by the Phone. Outside, it looked like it had been built by Greeks the old-fashioned way—couple miles of fancy aluminum siding, a lotta plate glass, neon trim. Inside, it was a monument to the fifties. Booths for two, four and six covered in red Naugahyde, the tables topped with fake marble Formica and edged with chrome trim, waitresses in little paper soda-jerk hats.
On every table was one of those little consoles connected to the Big Jukebox in the Sky, he supposed. The little selection cards looked like the real thing, but you never could tell where the music was coming from. The Drifters, the Coasters, the Platters—they were all there. Plug in a nickel, you could punch up Dion and the Belmonts and move right into the Twilight Zone.
Beside each console was an old phone, the kind with a dial, not buttons. That was the gimmick. You could play a tune, look across the room, see who was digging it and call them. Hence the name of the place. Waiting like everyone waited back then before the world got so fucking complicated. Waiting by the phone. He liked it. Sort of an inside joke for a guy in his line of work.
It was where he talked to Mad Max. Their Code Red stop. All the rest of the commo went through cyberspace.
He slipped into a booth for two and ordered a cheeseburger deluxe, chili fries and a vanilla malt. An evening for a little celebration. The chili fries always took some time but that was good.
When the waitress left, he took the phone and unscrewed the cap on the receiver. Then he took a little cable with a miniplug on one end and a pair of alligator clips on the other out of his jacket pocket. He attached the clips to a metal strip in the receiver, then plugged the miniclip into the microrecorder. When he was finished, he dialed a number, counted to twenty, then hit the play button.
The phone was reassembled, the recorder back in his pocket when the waitress came back with a burger the size of a small manhole cover, a platter of fries hidden under half a pot of chili and a malt big enough to float away two or three Mouseketeers.
The girl had short black hair and a slash of red on her pouty lips. "What's happenin', Slick?" she said, putting the food down and shoving a bottle of ketchup at him. "How ya doin'?" She was looking at his head. Fucking big mouth. See what shit you can pull without your tongue.
When he said nothing, she danced away, shaking her hips as she bumped down the row of booths.
Fifteen minutes later, the phone next to Trask rang three times, then stopped. After 30 seconds, it started again. Trask grabbed it on the first ring.
"Taalllkkkk," said Max.
Max used a scrambler phone with a voice masker whenever Trask patched him through the outside circuits into Waiting by the Phone. The equipment lowered his voice a coupla octaves. Made him sound like fucking Frankenstein.
"Check the dump," Trask said. "There's some important stuff on top."
"It'ssssss laaaaaaate."
"Not for this, sir. I think we got a Code Red." He let the line drift off, cool, like Sam Cooke setting up a phrase. "Do I talk to her? Scare her? What?"
"Folllllloow herrrrrrr."
The line went dead. Fucking Mad Max. Keep close but don't touch. Trask looked at his watch. Quarter past two. Eight hours to Stockbridge. He'd still get there before she did.
#
FORTY-ONE
#
**Stockbridge * Massachusetts**
Abbie pushed the blue Mercury rental north from Hartford. Skirting Springfield, the grimy, red-brick penitentiary looming up beside her window, she headed west on the Mass Pike. Gray clouds hung low over the Berkshire Hills, adding their promise of rain to the day's general index of gloom.
Dr. Hyduk had refused at first to meet her. She had talked him into it by appealing to medical ethics. At least two men, maybe three, judging by what he had said about his brother, were getting badly wrapped around the axle because of what had happened to their A-Team. Maybe her story could help them. At first he told her she should take the guilt trip to Oprah, but then said, "Oh, hell, I guess you're right. Come on up."
Rain began to splatter the windshield. Reaching forward, she turned on the wipers and peered anxiously through the blur. When the glass cleared, she saw a dead deer on the shoulder of the road, its neck broken, a black sludge of blood and entrails spread onto the pavement. Great beginning, Abs. Just follow the roadkill.
At the Red Lion Inn in Stockbridge, the rocking chairs were still out on the wide veranda in spite of the November chill. Wasp stoicism.
"What have you got for me?" she asked the desk clerk, a clean-cut young guy in a Shetland crew neck.
"Well, we're sort of full. There's a seminar at Riggs this weekend and we've got people flying in from all over the place."
There were keys in the boxes marked "Suite."
"What about a suite?"
"It's three hundred a night, ma'am," he said, looking at her backpack.
What the hell. She'd put it on Julian.
"Sold," she said, dropping her Amex on the dark mahogany desk. Waving away the bellboy—think of what I saved on tips, Julian—she got into the creaky old elevator and rode up to the third floor. Suite 7 had a nice sitting room with a fireplace and a small bedroom. She pulled back the quilt on the four-poster and crawled in. Sleep came like an anesthetic—forget local, she fell all the way down the chute.
When she woke up an hour later, it was already five minutes past eight. Dammit, she muttered, throwing back the quilt. Then she remembered who she was meeting and slowed down. Never in her life, not once, had she known a doctor to show up on time for dinner. In the bathroom, she put on a touch of lip gloss and untangled her hair. Then she went downstairs to the Lion's Den.
It was softly lit, very middle-class New England, two or three worlds removed from Sweeny's. Over to one side, a dark-haired good-looking guy was playing soft riffs on a guitar. She ordered a Sapporo beer, closest she could come to a brew from the Valley of the Shadow, and settled in to wait for Dr. Hyduk.
At 8:45, she was halfway through her second bottle when he walked into the bar. He was one of those doctors who take care of themselves. Late forties, maybe five-ten, rangy, with a long, easy stride, his face fresh and scrubbed, as if he had just shaved. Preppy. Too preppy, she thought. Trinity, scholarship, Yale, Yale Med School. Nice guy, low-key, married, two kids probably. Pillar of the community. Shrink. Relentlessly sane.
"Dr. Hyduk," he said. He didn't put out his hand. Maybe he meant to give her a personality test before they began. Instead, he sank into the Windsor chair across from her and put his hand in his pocket.
"Mind if I smoke?"
So much for first impressions. Before she could say anything, he pulled out a mangled pack of Merits and lit up.
"Trying to cut back," he said, waving the filter tip in front of him like a talisman. Smoke curled up toward his light brown hair. "These things shouldn't even count."
"Ah, but they do, Doctor, don't they?"
"Yes, Miss Mancini." He sighed, as if she were reading his medical chart upside down. "They sure do. Now, before I die right here, what do you want to know about Larry?"
"Everything. But let's eat first. It might improve your life expectancy."
He waved over the waitress. They ordered scrod and green salad and a bottle of Chenin Blanc and by the time they had polished everything off, the conversation began to improve.
"I thought Larry was dead," she said. "So does everyone else who served with him."
"I wouldn't know about that. Never talked to any of them. Larry was the warrior, I was the nerd. The war was over by the time I finished at Yale."
"What about Larry?"
"We thought he was dead, too—he disappeared for three years. So did the Army. They sent this lugubrious chaplain up to Pittsfield to tell us that he was 'almost certainly' dead. Almost certainly—an oxymoron, wouldn't you say?"
He shrugged. "If you're trying to understand Larry you've got to go back a long way. He's angry and paranoid—and I don't use the term loosely—but that didn't begin in Vietnam. You could be getting the wrong impression of the Hyduks from the bow tie and the Donegal tweed. Our old man was a cabinet maker. Croatian, blue collar. He had us working for him from the first day we could hold a plane. Beat hell out of us when he wasn't whacking my mom. No way she could protect us, but at least she got away from him eight hours a day. She worked as a seamstress downtown at England Brothers, the department store in Pittsfield, where we grew up.
"So Larry had it hard right from the start. When he showed up for kindergarten, he barely spoke English. Every Irish and Italian kid in school beat the shit out of him until he got streetwise and organized his own gang. By the time he got to high school, he was doing smalltime break-ins and robberies. When he was seventeen he got caught hot-wiring a car. That was Saturday night. He spent the night in the Pittsfield jail. On Monday, the judge looked at his rap sheet and said, 'You got two choices, Hyduk. Enlist in the Army or do time.'
"That was fifty-nine, I think. It amazed all of us when he got through basic training. Then they sent him to Parachute Training and he went into the 101st Airborne at Fort Campbell in Kentucky. Said it was the first time anyone had really given a damn about him."
Dr. Hyduk lit another cigarette. She looked over and saw half the pack stubbed out in the ashtray. "Larry wasn't wrong about that, you know. Before he left for the Army, Dad cursed him, for the shame he'd brought on the family. So in a crazy way, when Larry turned up dead in Vietnam a few years later, the old man just figured the curse had worked."
"But Larry wasn't dead?"
"That's right."
"How did you find out?"
"Mom never understood him either. But when he was reported dead, it almost killed her. Then, one day three years later, she was sitting there down at England Brothers sewing a prom dress for some rich kid, and she looked up and Larry was standing there staring at her. Thought she saw a ghost. She screamed and passed out. When she came to, the paramedics were leaning over her waving the smelling salts and Larry was saying, 'Hi, Mom. I'm back.'
"When I got home that night, he told me his unit had been wiped out. They hauled him out in a body bag with the other corpses. He found out later that the soldier who unzipped his bag at the morgue thought he saw his eyelid flutter. Pure dumb luck. The guy checked and got a slight pulse. So they tore Larry out of his bag and hustled him into surgery and pumped him full of blood and his vital stats started to come back. But he was in a deep coma and the medics didn't know what he'd be like if he ever came out of it." He looked up. "Of course, they didn't know what he was like to begin with.
"About the sixth night after he got to the hospital, the Viet Cong mortared the place. They burned two wards, including Larry's. The docs got him out okay, but he had bad burns, so they shipped him out the next day, tubes and all, to a burn unit in Japan. More bad news. All his records were destroyed when the hospital wards went up. He came to after about three weeks, lying there with first-degree burns and his head full of steel splinters. He didn't know who the hell he was or how he got there. Special Forces didn't, the Army didn't."
"And no one else did either." She finished his sentence for him.
"That is correct," he said stiffly. Watch it, Abs, interruptions annoyed this guy.
"It took them three years to patch him up. He was just another John Doe from Nam rotting in a veterans hospital. They sent him to Albany, New York, so he was less than fifty miles from us and the whole time we never knew he was there. Dad used his insurance money to make the down payment on a house. First house we ever owned. Larry made it happen. And then one night he woke up screaming his name, rank and serial number. It took them a month to track down the records. Then they discharged him and the next thing you know he was scaring hell out of my mother."
"Can I talk to him?"
"No."
"Why not?"
"I don't know where he is."
"But you said—"
"I said he was too mean and too crazy to be dead. Look, he was back here for about a month. He got a job in a garage, but he was drunk every night, blown out with Vietnam Stress Syndrome. He was going to wipe the town off the map. One night, the mayor came to the garage to gas up his Lincoln. He told Larry to step on it. Larry hauled him out of the front seat and started bashing his head on the hood. Someone called the cops. The blue-and-whites started screaming up. Larry got out the back way and into the woods. They looked for him for three days before they gave up. Even on Greylock Mountain they never could find him."
"So where do you _think_ he is now?"
"He blew town with every cop in the county looking for him. If they caught him he would have been facing serious prison time. No one has heard from him since. I don't know where he is. None of us do. And that's just fine. Believe me, this silence is golden."
He stood up to leave. "You'll never find him."
"That's not much help."
"Thank you for dinner, Miss Mancini," he said. "I assume you can put it on your expense account."
"Some things you assume right."
He reached for the Merits, but the pack was empty. Wadding it up, he stuck it in the ashtray and left.
* * *
The night staff had laid a fire for her in the sitting-room fireplace. Opening her computer, she jacked it into the wall.
No messages. She logged off, disconnected the computer and picked up the telephone. It rang twice before Santana picked up.
"I'm up here in the Wasp Mountains," she said. "I think I've just been stung."
"Want me to send a medevac chopper?"
"It's good to hear your voice, José," she blurted out. "I mean, don't get any wrong ideas, but it's really, really nice to be talking to you."
"No sweat. Did you get the stuff from Mendoza?"
"That's why I'm here. One of the names panned out."
"Which one?"
"Hyduk. He's still alive."
" _Mierda_." She heard Santana's voice fall. He sounded like he'd just seen an Inca necklace dropped into the disposal.
"What is it?"
The line went silent. For a moment she thought they had been cut off, but then she heard Santana coughing, as if he had something in his throat. When he came back on, his voice sounded odd.
"Sweeny knew him, Abbie. They were tight."
"Great. He can help us find him."
"No, he can't, Abbie. Sweeny's had an accident."
"What do you mean, José? How is he?"
"Sweeny's dead."
Abbie heard the darkness pawing at the tall window beyond her bed. Over the phone, she picked up Selena singing on Santana's sound system. " _Amor Prohibido_." For the first time, it hit her that Santana had been drinking.
"Sweeny couldn't have been more than sixty."
"He was seventy-one."
"No way. Come on, he looked like the Jolly Green Giant. He had everything but the green chops under the five o'clock shadow."
"He was green enough this morning. They found him twenty feet down in the Scobie Reservoir. Under his jeep. There was a big hole where he went through the hurricane fence, no skids on the road. The cops think he fell asleep driving home last night."
"What do you think?"
"Could be. He had enough brandy in him to fuel a convoy."
"Did they do an autopsy?" She caught herself. "Sorry for coming on like a reporter, José. I liked Sweeny."
"Yeah, me, too, Abbie. A lot. It doesn't make sense to me. The thing is, when Sweeny tied one on, sometimes he got happy and sometimes he got mean. The one thing he never got was sleepy. After you left, I took Eddie and Kruger home. Lucky boys. Nice wives to clean them up and put them to bed. I went to the movies and when that didn't do it, I drove back to the Valley to finish myself off."
What a waste. All those brains, that great face and body. "José Cuervo is not the right kind of friend for you, hombre," she said. "You can do better."
"Thanks for the thought, señorita, but Tío Pepe's a turnoff. Anyway, when I came in I saw Sweeny down at the end of the bar drinking with this other guy, younger than Sweeny, must've been in his fifties, I guess, really stood out. Everyone else in the place was in civvies that night, but real casual stuff. This guy had on a suit with double vents and a tucked waist. Looked like the fucking Duke of Windsor.
"I'm sitting there thinking, what's this dude doing in here? But Sweeny was talking to him like a brother. They were sitting there drinking brandy and soda and telling lies. Turns out they'd been at Bragg together in the sixties. I'm like, 'Sweeny, you're a beer man—what's going on?' and he goes, 'Son, when a case of beer won't wash the shit out of your mind, there's always one thing that will.' And he poured the three of us a stiff round.
"Man, I couldn't keep up with them. One was enough for me. So I went and got into a game of nine ball with a guy who was even drunker than I was. To pay for my night out. Ramón Fernandez, friend of mine. About midnight I look over and see Sweeny and the other guy going out together. They'd killed the bottle, but let me tell you, Sweeny wasn't smashed—looked like he was getting ready to take Ho Chi Minh City back all by himself."
"The other guy, José. The Duke of Windsor. Who was he?"
"He had a weird name. I remember that. The reason is, I beat Ramòn's ass and went over to pay up at the bar. That's when I saw they'd killed the bottle. And I noticed the guy had the same name.
"Remy?"
"That's it. How did you know?"
"We've met. Look, José, Sandy said if I really needed to get him on the phone, you could fix it up. That true?"
"Yeah, I think so. Take a little time."
She looked at her watch. "I'm going to be here until tomorrow." She gave him the hotel's phone and her room number. "Could you tell him to call me at two?"
"Sure."
"I need him, José."
"Maybe Sweeny did, too, Abbie. I'm on it. He'll call you tomorrow."
* * *
It was too late to go out for a run. Abbie picked up the box of matches and slid it open. Something about the neatness of the little box felt reassuring. Running her finger absentmindedly along the scratcher, she stood and walked over to the fireplace. Under a small pile of birch logs, sticks of kindling were steepled over a crumpled page of the _Berkshire Eagle_ , Bending down, she struck a match and lit a ragged corner of the newspaper. The light from the birch logs, burning with the sweet smell of fall, flickered across the sitting room.
She ordered a pot of chamomile tea from room service, popped a valerian capsule and sat in a wing chair by the fire until there was a knock at the door. The bellboy came in pushing a cart with the pot of tea hidden in a jack-o'-lantern cozy. When he left, she took off the pumpkin, poured a cup of tea and went back to the soft chair to replay the evening.
Where was the story? The thread kept slipping away. Every time she reached for it, someone was there to pluck it out of her fingers. Janine with her ambivalence over Jeff. Patrice and his overdue library files. The doctor and his now-you-see-him-now-you-don't brother. And why did Remy Fair show up right behind her at Fort Bragg? What bad luck for poor Sweeny to get smashed with that dude before hitting the road.
Kicking off her shoes, she put her feet toward the fire and closed her eyes. She inhaled the steam swirling off the tea. The soles of her feet were warm now. She could feel the heat running up her legs and thought of Sandy between them. She stared languidly at the fire for a few minutes, trying to imagine Sandy's reaction when Santana reached him. It was getting harder to conjure up his face. She dimmed the lights and sat there, reluctant to go to bed, watching the firelight play over the floral wallpaper. Bad night to be alone.
#
FORTY-TWO
#
**Stockbridge * Massachusetts**
Sun streaming through the window woke her. She showered and dressed quickly. When she finished, the message waiting light was lit on the laptop.
To: amanci@washchron.com
From: p@santana.net
Sorry for the blackout. Been rocking and rolling over here the last week and didn't catch up with your messages until now. Sounds like you didn't really need help anyway. Anyone ever tell you you were a demon reporter? Call Dominick Abella at the VA in D. C. Old sergeant of mine. Retired. Can track a snake through tall grass. Tell him he's looking for vet benefits, signs of a pension, Army disability list. Talk to you at two. Pups
She saved the message and snapped the computer shut. What about Are you all right, Abbie? What about Hang in there, darling, I'm on the way? What about I miss you?
It was eight-thirty. Old soldiers were at work by then, weren't they? Her finger stabbed the phone. Some android from District of Columbia information gave her some numbers for the Veterans Administration. After a few more calls, she finally reached Abella. A secretary informed her with a rhinestone sparkle that Abella was in conference.
"Tell him it's Captain Sandy Caine's sister."
She waited while the sparkler conveyed the little white lie to the boss. He couldn't have been very busy. In twenty seconds he was on the line.
"Sandy Caine is an only child," he said. His voice sounded like unwashed gravel. "No brothers. No sisters. So no more bullshit. Who are you?"
"You're right," she said, searching for something that might work better. "I'm not his sister. I'm a friend, and he told me to call you."
"Is that right? What does he look like?"
"Last time I saw him he looked like hell. Face black, blood all over his flak jacket. But underneath it all, well, he was looking pretty good."
Abella guffawed. "Okay, that's Sandy. What're you after, sweetheart?"
Sweetheart? So retro it wasn't even sexist. Abella probably rolled his own smokes.
"Sandy's trying to find a guy who served with his dad in Vietnam," she said, hurrying. If she lost Abella, she might as well bag the whole trip. "It's important to him."
"So what?"
"So he asked me to call you. He needs your help."
"Uh huh."
They were getting nowhere. "Look, Sergeant Abella, you don't know me and I don't know you either. But Sandy said you were a friend. So could you quit giving me the business and help us?"
After a full minute, he finally said, "All right—who we talking about?"
She gave him Hyduk's vitals, everything she had gleaned from Mendoza in St. Louis. He listened carefully. She heard him typing at a computer keyboard.
"Caller ID says you're in Stockbridge, that right?"
"Yes."
"Okay then, you're getting hot."
"How hot?"
"Pretty damn hot. It says here this guy Hyduk is on VA disability. Gets a grand and change every month. Check goes to the Berkshire Hills Bank in Pittsfield. Direct deposit. Been that way since November of sixty-nine."
She thanked Abella and rang off. That rotten shrink. He'd been lying to her. His brother was just up the road. It took a couple of minutes to throw her things into her overnight bag. Somewhere down the hall a grandfather clock struck nine.
Outside, the morning was chilly but clear. Crossing the veranda, she went down the stairs past the two red lions dozing in the sun. She tossed her bag into the backseat of the car and drove over to Dr. Hyduk's office. It was in a two-story, white clapboard cottage four blocks from the inn. At the desk, a middle-aged woman in a dark blue twin-set told her that she would find him at the end of the hall on the second floor.
The lights were on in his office. She knocked lightly and stepped inside. Dr. Hyduk was lying on his couch, a black eyeshade covering his eyes like a mask.
"Just put the coffee on the desk, Helen," he said tiredly. "No patients until ten."
Abbie slammed the door behind her.
"Good," she said. "That should give you just enough time to explain your compulsion to lie."
He sat up as if she'd given him 100 volts of electroshock. Ripping off the eyeshade, he glared at her.
"You ever heard of knocking?"
"You ever hear of telling the truth? How's your malpractice insurance?"
"That's not funny."
"I know. You're lucky I'm just a wandering reporter, not one of your patients."
He moved to a chair and waved her toward the couch.
"Sit down," he said.
"I'll stand, Dr. Hyduk. You lied to me."
A look of irritation flickered across his face. "I did nothing of the sort, Miss Mancini. I think you better explain yourself." He spoke precisely, no elisions. The tone was like a sharp slap across the cheek.
"Okay, try this. You know the Berkshire Hills Bank up in Pittsfield?"
"Know it well. Bud Jenkins, the president, is a friend of mine. A friend, Miss Mancini. Not a patient."
He was looking at her straight on, meeting her gaze.
"Your brother happens to be a depositor."
"That's not possible."
He seemed genuinely surprised. He picked up the eyeshade and fiddled with it, as if it had been concealing something from him.
"He gets a VA disability pension, Doctor. Once a month. The first check went into the Berkshire Hills account in November 1969. The last, according to my information, would have gone in three weeks ago."
The doctor looked stunned.
"My experience is that when money goes into a bank, it also comes out," she said. "Do you really expect me to believe that you haven't ever seen your brother hanging at the bank with your good friend Bud? Not once? Not in twenty-five years?"
"No."
"Come on."
"But it's true."
He looked ashen. Swiping up the eyeshade, he tore it in two.
"Where is he, Doctor? Where's Larry?"
Dr. Hyduk stood up holding one half of the eyeshade in each hand. Shaking his head, he threw the pieces on his chair.
"That's just what I'd like to know, Miss Mancini," he said. "Let's go find out."
They walked back to her car and headed out of town, passing the Riggs Institute's high Corinthian columns and the horseshoe carriageway leading to the old mansion where the patients lived, sweating out their pasts with an assist or two from Xanax and Prozac. Hooking left to Route 7, they went past well-preserved old houses with fine lawns and on toward Pittsfield. Beyond the old Thistle Inn, they drove through the pastoral countryside with its wooded hills and fields of frostbitten corn.
In Pittsfield, the empty windows of England Brothers Department Store looked out on North Street like a rebuke from blind eyes. They circled the rotary at the common with its Civil War monument, a sweet little park with a fountain, mulched flower beds and benches. From his pedestal, the Union soldier, an old warrior in stone, stood guard over the valley, gazing west toward the surrounding Berkshire Hills. Something about the way he was standing reminded her of the General. What chance had Sandy ever had to warm him up?
As they drove by the old Berkshire Athenaeum, Hyduk pointed up the block to another imposing pile of limestone. A lot of other businesses in Pittsfield might have gone belly up, but the Berkshire Hills Bank had survived.
She parked in front of the building and locked up. By the time she caught up with the doctor, he was arguing with a secretary posted at the president's door.
"I know he's in there, Gloria. Kiwanis is two hours from now. I need to see him."
"He's reviewing Lil Mason's estate, Dr. Hyduk. He told me no calls, no interruptions."
"This isn't an interruption, Gloria. It's an eruption."
The secretary rose, fluttering her hands ineffectually as he pushed open the dark mahogany door. Abbie heard him shout, "Damn it, Bud, why didn't you tell me about Larry?"
Bud Jenkins was in shirtsleeves, his coat draped over the back of his chair. "Now look, Bob," he said, "you can't just come busting in here like this. I'm busy."
"I'll say you're busy. Twenty-five years you've been busy. Busy covering for Larry. Where is he, Bud? Over in a cave on top of Greylock?"
"He told me a long time ago his whereabouts were none of your business."
"I'm making it my business."
"Isn't it a little late for that, Bob? This isn't some blowup after football practice."
"I want to know, Bud."
The banker looked over and saw Abbie. "You two together? Why don't you close that door, miss?" She pulled the door shut. "Now maybe all of us should sit down." He sat at the head of a long table under a tall window, waving the doctor to one side and Abbie on the other, as if they were applying for a mortgage.
"Larry's nowhere around here," he said. "You haven't missed anything. And don't tell me you ever wanted to see him, either. You know that's not true."
"I want to see him now. Today."
"That's too bad, Bob. I can't help you."
"I want to see the records. The deposit slips, the withdrawals."
"You know I can't do that. It's against the law. You want me to get Ed Melvin down from the police station to explain the rules?"
"Cut it out, Bud, this is family."
"No, you cut it out. This is business. If you wanted to find Larry you should have done it twenty-five years ago. I'm not going to help you. I can't."
"Larry has some friends who need to talk to him," Abbie said. "The war's been over a long time. They might be able to help each other."
Both men turned on her, jaws tight. Okay, Abbie. Shut up.
Under the table, Dr. Hyduk was rapidly tapping his foot. He thought for a while, then leaned toward the banker and started talking in a loud voice, as if she weren't there.
"I want to see those records. I'm not leaving until I do."
"I told you, I can't do it, Bob."
"All right then, let's do this the hard way. You've been fucking Madge Warner after bridge for three years now. Your wife still doesn't quite get it. She's paying one hundred dollars an hour to find out why you never get it on anymore. Thinks something's the matter with her. Maybe it's time she knew the truth."
The banker flushed. The redness began at the broken veins on his nose and spread across his cheeks.
"You wouldn't do that."
"Truth is therapy, Bud."
The banker pressed a button, and the secretary came in. She looked miserable, as if she had left the city gates open and the barbarians had burned down Rome.
"Please bring me Lawrence Hyduk's file, Gloria."
She looked surprised but knew better than to say anything. A few minutes later she came back with a heavy brown legal folder wrapped with string.
"That will be all, Gloria. Thank you."
After the door closed behind her, he dumped the folder in front of Dr. Hyduk.
"I'll give you exactly one minute. Then I want you out of here."
The psychiatrist untied the string and pulled out a thick bundle of bank statements. Flipping through them quickly, he set them aside and took out the deposit slips and copies of the canceled checks. Even reading upside down, Abbie could see that there had been only a single deposit and withdrawal each month.
Dr. Hyduk took a pen from his breast pocket and looked over at her. What was his problem? No paper, idiot. She opened her purse, ripped a sheet out of her notebook and silently shoved it across the table. He scribbled something down, then he folded the note and put it in the pocket with his pen.
"All right, Bud, your secret's safe with me. But if I were you, I'd fit in a mercy fuck at home every now and then. Be better for both of you."
"I'll try to remember, Doctor."
"You do that."
When they were back on the street, the doctor stopped her as she was unlocking the car. Looking over, she saw that he had taken out the folded note.
"All yours," he said. "Bud was right. I don't give a flying fuck if I never see Larry again."
He turned and got into the car. Abbie slipped into her seat belt and unfolded the note. It said:
_L.H_.
_PO Box 1093, Whitefish, Montana_
_Flathead Credit Union, Whitefish_
The address was written in letters so small she could hardly read it, the handwriting of a doctor, barely decipherable, skewed by fury. Dr. Hyduk obviously preferred his brother dead.
* * *
At the Riggs Institute lot, there were only two empty parking spaces. From behind her, some idiot in a brown-paneled truck squealed into the first, coming to a stop two inches over the white line on her side. Furious, she leaned across Dr. Hyduk and flipped the driver the bird.
"A little road rage, Miss Mancini? A cry for help? Maybe you ought to come inside."
"What can you do in five minutes?"
Locking the car, she accompanied him back to the institute. In his office she gave him her numbers, promised to keep him informed. He thanked her in a way that made it clear he couldn't care less. Okay, neither would she. Just that much less paperwork.
As she walked back across the parking lot, she saw the rear doors of the truck were open. The driver was nowhere in sight. Asshole. The finger was too good for him.
She looked at her watch. Eleven o'clock. Still three hours to kill until Sandy's call. She unlocked the car, slid behind the wheel and pulled the seat belt over her shoulder. When she turned the key in the ignition, the car radio blared full blast. Some fifties golden-moldies station on FM. She was sure that she hadn't left it on when she locked the car. She tried to twist around, but the seat belt had her trapped.
Something sharp pricked her neck. Her finger fluttered over the radio button. She heard the ocean crashing in her ears, then she was spiraling through black waves, down to to the bottom of the sea.
#
FORTY-THREE
#
**Rawlsville * South Carolina**
Why couldn't we have done this in my office, Remy? Do I have to come down here and blow your nose for you every time you get the sniffles?"
"Had some business to take care of, Gus."
Old Gus Buell, firing for effect. Remy Fair had seen it a million times. He let Gus lob a few more rounds, wondering through the entire barrage where the techs had found a set of white overalls big enough to fit the old man. The sanitary outfit stretched like a girdle across his gut. His belly swelled against the zipper, flab bulging over the seams. Standing there in the bright white light of the factory, his red face damp with perspiration, Gus reminded Remy of a distended beach ball bouncing along the shore.
The two of them were standing under an overhead crane inside the vast east wing of T. C. Johnson's Block A-7. Out on the immaculate factory floor, engineers and technicians in matching white bodysuits were anxiously puttering over the splayed airframe of the F-44, the ultimate fighter, everything that science could invent, technology could create and money could buy.
Behind the aircraft, the ultralight titanium panels of the aft fuselage lay like dead flower petals. Its belly was open, spilling its wiring out under one wing in a colorful tangle of high-tech guts, all red and yellow, black and green.
"Come here," Remy said tersely, escorting Gus toward the prone body of the plane. "I want you to take a look at something."
A tech moved aside so they could see the minuscule object of his attention, a small box about the size of a pack of gum with tiny blackened wires disappearing inside the fuselage.
"What is it?" Gus asked, peering at the thing. As Remy kneeled next to the box, his pant leg rose, revealing the strap of a leather sheath. Reaching down, he pulled out a knife with a long, thin blade. Using it like a pointer, he started to flick through the charred wires.
"You still toting that thing?" Gus said, looking at the knife. "SAS, isn't it? Aren't you a little old to be playing commando?"
Remy ignored the shot. "An eighty-billion-dollar fuckup, Gus. More like pneumonia than the sniffles. I think it's worth your time, don't you?"
"Mother of God," Gus said softly. Loosening the zipper of his overalls, the older man started walking back to the door where they'd come in. "Let's go to your office," he said. "I need a drink."
Five minutes later, they were sitting in a large room with glass walls on three sides and a view across the well-tended grounds of the T. C. Johnson plant. Remy handed Gus a stiff scotch. He took it and walked over to the windows. In the artificial lake across the way, a tall fountain shot up a plume of water that created its own small arch of colors in the afternoon breeze. Tossing down half the scotch, Gus began to wonder gloomily if they'd just pissed away the pot of gold under the little rainbow.
"What you just saw was only half the problem. The best half," Remy said.
Gus hated riddles. "What are you trying to tell me?" he snapped.
"We're still scraping the other half off the runway at Edwards Air Force Base. Until twenty-four hours ago we had two prototypes, right? You just saw the YF-44. That one's still with us. The chairman took the ZF-44 to Edwards a coupla days ago. First landing, the computers browned out. Exley got it back down. But he left a strip of titanium a few millimeters deep on the runway. I can see you're saying to yourself, 'Hey, that's not so bad,' but, Gus, that strip was two miles long."
"What caused it?"
"Something in the wiring. That's what they were trying to fix out there on the floor."
"How long?"
"Maybe a month, maybe a year."
Gus closed his eyes. Behind them, he could feel the first deep throb of a migraine. The F-44 was an $80 billion project. The power guys on the Armed Services Committee's Air-Land Subcommittee had smiled on the fighter, but a few things still worried them. Like maybe it was going to cost $200 million a pop. Then the bean counters from the GAO who reviewed the development program discovered that T. C. Johnson had only completed maybe 2 percent of the flight testing when everyone in the business knew you had to do at least 10 to 20 percent before Big Bugs came slithering out.
"Shit, Remy, they're going to vote on the project before the spring recess."
"Tell me something I don't know."
"It's going to be hard to persuade them to go for it if we can't give them more flight data."
"Well, duh, Gus. That's not why I asked you to come down. We may be able to get the YF-44 back up in time. We may not. No way we can be sure the hardware will sell your boys up there. So you and I both know what that means, don't we?"
Gus shoved his glass forward. Remy poured out another dose.
"Kill the project, kill the company, Gus. The chairman is unhappy. Very, very unhappy."
"Fuck him."
"Oh no, Gus. No, no, no. Nothing I'd like better, crummy little Ivy League asshole. But as you are so fond of pointing out, fuck him, we fuck ourselves."
Gus nodded.
"Christ, I've got practically every Secretary of Defense going back to Richard Nixon's day on board," he said. "They're all for it. Even the Democrats want it. They're all willing to sign a statement supporting us."
Remy took the empty scotch glass and looked at it for a moment. Then he dropped it on the floor in front of Gus and put his foot slowly down on it. The glass broke with the sound of crushing bones.
"Dropping names won't do it, Gus." His voice suddenly sounded odd, as if the two of them were fixing bayonets for one final charge. "Christ, most of those guys do defense work. They're only signing their own paychecks at the end of the day. Everyone knows that. Look at our own board—it's crammed with retired generals and former senators and governors. So who are we kidding?"
"All right, all right, I hear you."
"Active assets. That's what we need now. Live ones. The biggest. Do I have to spell it out?"
"No." Gus suddenly felt very tired, very old.
"Can we count on him?"
Gus said nothing. It was Remy's show.
"The thing that worries me, Gus, is that the guy keeps wanting to _ash_ questions. He oughtta be answering questions, terminating them. What are you going to do about it?"
Gus frowned. Was Remy at it again? Had he forgotten who found him his job?
"Plenty," Gus snapped. "You're not the only one who was busy yesterday." He got to his feet. There would be plenty of scotch on the plane. A tankerful for midair refueling, that's what he needed.
"How can you be so sure?"
"You remember what they told us in Vietnam, Captain Fair?"
To Gus's satisfaction, he saw that the reference to their old ranks and relative power had a Pavlovian effect on Remy. The man damn near straightened his shoulders and checked the shine on his shoes.
"What was that, sir?"
"About winning hearts and minds?"
"I think we—"
Gus cut him off at the ankles. "They told us shit happens, son. But when you got 'em by the balls, their hearts fall right into place. Every fucking time."
Gus picked up his coat and headed for the door. "You know, Remy, you're getting to be a little sloppy," he said. "You oughtta get someone to clean up after you. This place is a mess."
#
FORTY-FOUR
#
*** Stockbridge ***
Abbie woke up in total darkness. The blindfold was taped tightly around her head; the gag tasted vaguely metallic, as if someone had used it to polish a car.
"That you, little darling?"
Don't say anything, Abs. Don't move. Let him think you're still out.
The voice was high, but definitely a man's. It came from the front, filtering through the tune on the radio. Something about young love.
But this wasn't her car. She was stretched out full length, head toward the music. Her hands were tied in front of her with something plastic. Felt like electrical cord.
"Don't you fret now. We're nearly there."
The voice falsetto now, crooning along with the Top 40 shit, whatever it was.
How long had she been out? A few minutes, an hour? Jesus, what had he used on her?
She wiggled her fingers and toes. Arms working, legs working, but tingling as if they'd been connected to a wall outlet.
Stay cool, Abbie. If he'd meant to kill you, you wouldn't be here. She forced herself to breathe slowly, counted the ins and outs. He had the heater on. Hard to breathe.
They weren't on a paved road. Whatever he was driving, it was bouncing like a bumper car. She heard the engine grind down two gears, and suddenly they were sliding sideways, as if he was driving through a mudflat.
They stopped. She heard him getting out the front door. After a few seconds, the doors squeaked open somewhere beyond her feet. She smelled wet leaves, a faint whiff of pines. The woods. Then the doors slammed shut.
"Time to get down, Miss Mancini. How you feeling in there?"
He knew her name. A wail started to form somewhere deep within her. Don't scream. Abbie. Whatever you do, don't scream. Wait him out. Maybe he just wants to scare you.
"There now." His fingers were fumbling with the blindfold, tightening it. Checking the cords around her wrists. An odd odor, distant but familiar, wafted over her. She sensed him hovering, felt something cold pressed against her cheek. She heard a faint _whssss_ as it sliced through the gag.
Her cheeks stung as he ripped off the two sides of the gag.
Shut up, Abbie. Wait until you can see him. But the darkness didn't lift, he left the blindfold. She could sense him moving away from her, as if he were taking a survey. For a short time, she sat there in total silence.
That smell. What was it?
Baby oil.
Oh Jesus, what's happening?
He ripped away the blindfold.
"Ta da!" he whispered in her ear. "It's Rubber Jack!"
A rubber Halloween mask covered his entire head. One of those celebrity gag masks. The tousled brown hair brushed back boyishly into the rubber, the flashing Camelot teeth.
Her eyes caught the bare feet first, then worked up over the hairless calves to the smooth crotch and rising penis, swelling up like a pale white tuber from weeded ground.
As if she were no longer inside her body, she heard a scream tear from her throat, then die. She knew she was still shrieking, but nothing came out.
It wasn't just that he was naked. It was the hairless body, sweating in the overhead light. He kneeled in front of her, the smell overpowering, dripping with baby oil.
"Ask not what you can do for your country, little darling," he said. She felt his erection brush against her leg. "Maybe there's something you can do for me."
In his hand was a straight razor. The old ivory handle glowed in the dim light.
"Let's see, now," he said, drawing the open blade slowly across the back of his wrist. The place above his hand was covered with long, delicate white lines. She saw a thin trickle of red blood rising next to the white bracelet of scar tissue.
Crouching next to her, he placed the blade gently between her breasts.
Oh God, don't let this be happening.
He snapped his hand upward.
The top button flicked off her blouse.
She heard it fall to the floor of the truck, quiver.
"Awful hot in here, isn't it? Let's try to make you a little more comfortable."
He flicked off the next button, then the next, taking his time, until all the buttons were gone. With a flick of the blade, he opened her blouse. Slowly, he began to trace a circle around one of her bra cups.
"Oops, sorry," he said softly.
She felt a sharp pain and looked down at her breast. A line of blood began through the white cloth of the bra.
"I didn't mean to diss you," she said hoarsely. Anything that would come out. Anything at all. God, make him stop.
"A kiss for a diss?" he said dreamily.
She felt the razor resume its slide. An electric current somewhere in her brain shorted out, sending showers of sparks through her body. Her knees shot upward like the drivers of an ancient locomotive, smashing into Rubber Jack's groin.
A roar of pain came out of the mask as he fell back, doubled over.
" _Fucking cunt_."
She saw the razor start down and she had no more time for screams.
" _Fucking_..."
She closed her eyes. Felt nothing.
There was a soft, slurping sound.
Her eyes shot open as Rubber Jack's oiled feet were sliding out from under him. He sprawled backward, thumping his head on the rear door.
The truck shook with a deep bass note, as if someone had struck a gong, and Rubber Jack slid to the floor.
The razor dropped out of his hand.
A jack was strapped to the side of the truck. Abbie grabbed it with both of her hands and brought it crashing down on Rubber Jack.
He groaned once and rolled on his side.
Christ, I've got to get out of here.
It didn't occur to her to look under the mask. She didn't care who he was.
Shaking, she picked up the razor and cut the cords binding her hands. Then she grabbed the door handle.
Locked.
_WHHHHeeeeeeeOOOOOOOeeeeeeeee. WHHHHeeeeeeOOOOOeeeeee_.
She stared dumbly at the shrieking doors. Then she pushed the jack between them and heaved. The lock popped, the doors swung open. She was outside.
He had parked in a thick stand of hemlocks.
**FLOOR IT—BOB'S SANDING & REFINISHING**.
A wild laugh of relief at the sign. She wasn't dead. Rubber Jack and his crazy truck were doing the screaming now.
* * *
Gray clouds were scudding above the trees. The sun suddenly broke through them as she sawed at the cords binding her wrists. Pulling off her blouse, she shucked away the sullied bra. Then she slipped back into the torn blouse, tied the ends at the bottom and took a quick scan around her.
Not the road, Abs. Anything but the road.
She sucked in a deep breath and started to run, down through the trees, half running through copses of ash and beech, half falling over ledges of green-gray stone.
Half an hour later, when she finally felt safe enough to slow down, she heard a chain saw chattering somewhere in the woods off to her left. The stuttering roar grew louder and louder until in front of her she could see a small pond encircled with stubby second-growth pines. Next to the pond, two men were bucking up logs for firewood.
"Lord," said the older man as she limped out of the trees. He cut off the saw and put it on the ground next to him. "Are you all right, miss?"
He was wearing a red and gray mackinaw coat over a flannel work shirt and green corduroy pants. The bill of his soft cloth cap, the kind with earflaps, was turned slightly sideways to keep the sun out of his eyes.
She ran up to him, breathing hard.
"I was out hiking," she mumbled.
"Take your time, now, miss."
"I guess I got lost."
"You sure did. I thought we had a sixteen-pointer crashing down on us, didn't you, Rod?"
"Something like that," the younger man said, looking at her curiously.
She said a small prayer. "Could you drive me back to town?"
"That all you need, miss?" the older man asked her. He was looking at her blouse. "We could run you over to the hospital."
She ran her fingers down to her breast. A splotch of blood the size of a man's hand had soaked through and dried on her blouse.
"No, just back to my car would be wonderful. I must have fallen down."
The older man nodded. "Why don't you give her a lift, Rod? I'll finish up here."
She followed Rod to a banged-up pickup at the far end of the pond. Ten minutes later she was standing beside her own car in the institute lot, waving good-bye to the receding tailgate of her Berkshire Samaritan.
* * *
At three o'clock, she came out of the bathroom of her suite at the Red Lion Inn, pulling the terry cloth guest robe gently across the Band-Aid under her breast.
Five after three now. No call. Damn, damn, damn. Maybe Santana didn't get through. What the hell should she do? She looked down at her hands. They were still shaking slightly. Should she call the police?
The buzz of the phone made her jump.
"Personal call for Abigail Mancini. Will you take it?" The bored voice of the hotel operator was as soothing as a Valium.
"Sandy," she said, trying not to whimper. "Is that you?"
"Right here, _principessa_."
"No, not here, you're over there," she said, blubbering now, the tears finally breaking over the dam.
"Easy," he said softly. "Santana told me about Sweeny. What's going on?"
"Everything's turning to shit, pups. I'm scared. I was coming back from talking to Dr. Hyduk and the next thing I know some freaked-out weirdo with a razor wants to give me a shave and haircut out in the woods."
Total silence at the other end. For one bad second she thought he'd been cut off.
"Are you okay? Where are you now?" No more pups. He sounded the way he did on the roof in Mogadishu.
"My hotel."
"How fast can you get out of there?"
"Tonight."
"Okay, here's what I want you to do..."
How wonderful. Did you hear him? He'd take it from here. She wadded the tissue and threw it toward the wastebasket. It went straight in. Two points. She felt her confidence trickling back.
"Wait, pups," she said. "Before we get cut off." She told him about Dr. Hyduk and his lost brother, the showdown at the bank, the short version of Rubber Jack.
"He was all naked, Sandy. He cut me..." Dammit, the tears were starting again. She forced them back. "But maybe it was just a coincidence. I went in his face when we pulled into the parking lot and I made him crazy. Maybe there's no connection."
"Yeah, maybe."
She heard him call out to someone. "Hey, isn't there a military hop to Frankfurt every morning at 0400 hours?" Then he was back on the line.
"It's all right, Abbie. You're going to be all right. Don't go dark on me now, okay? We don't have much time."
"Oh, pups, I think I kill..."
" _Not over this line_." His voice blotted out her confession. More gently, he said, "Please, Abbie, just meet me tomorrow at Dulles. I'll be there at two o'clock. The New York flight from Kennedy."
"How are you going to do that?"
"Leave that to me. I'm going to say this carefully now. There are a million flights west out of Dulles every afternoon. Book us as close as you can get to Hyduk. We'll figure out the rest when we get there."
"But your mission, your orders?"
"The mission just got changed. I'll see you tomorrow."
#
FORTY-FIVE
#
*** Over the Atlantic ***
"Incoming. Watch your ass."
_Plonk, plonk, plonk_.
With a dull thud, the empty Jack Daniel's miniatures dropped one by one into the plastic bag extended by the Lufthansa flight attendant. Two from Nate's tray, the third from Sandy's.
" _Danke sehr_."
Sandy watched Nate as the blond Brünnhilde moved up the aisle. Clearly Sergeant Caldwell's tracking gear was on remote.
"You all right, man?"
Nate pulled the cobra-skin wallet out of his rear pocket. The plastic envelopes that held his photo gallery fell open. In the slot normally reserved for the pile of captured RPG launchers was a shot of Elena. She had on one of Nate's shirts, open at the throat. Around her neck was a small gold cross. Caldwell said morosely, "I think I'm in love."
Elena's expression matched Nate's. More shock than bliss. "So, even giants fall." Sandy laughed. "Worse things going around, dude. Just don't let it affect your aim."
The blonde returned with their lunch: bratwurst, scalloped potatoes, mustard and two bottles of Beck's. Even the sight of the chow didn't seem to cheer up Nate. "Hang in there, man," Sandy said, looking out the window. Seven miles below them, the Atlantic was sliding astern, blue with blinding flashes of white among the black shadows cast by clouds, immense, indifferent to small matters like love. He pushed his seat back and closed his eyes.
His mind moved back to what Abbie had told him about tracking down ODA 351. The living and the dead. Push the rock up the hill and every time you get to the top it rolls back and kills someone. First Perkins, then Sweeny. Now Abbie. Fuck coincidence. But if she was right about Hyduk, maybe they could find him before the next rock.
"What kind of a guy was Dan Perkins, Nate?"
"Good man. The best."
"I still feel like a shit for tearing his ass."
"Yeah, you were wrong, Hawk, but in case you didn't notice, you were kind of busy at the time."
"He thought I was off target about Alex, didn't he?"
"What's this _Alex_ shit? You ever hear of 'Father'? Like what _do_ you rich white boys call your daddy?"
"Never thought of him that way, Nate. I never knew what to call him. Chickenshit was the word that usually came to mind. That's what Perkins thought I had wrong."
"Yeah, he told me. Up on the roof. The night before he bought it."
"Look, Nate, I know you two were tight. I don't want to push my nose where I've got no business."
"Nah, that's okay, Captain. Like I said, Dan was talking about your daddy. That _is_ your business."
"You mind telling me what he said?"
Caldwell rubbed his hand across his jaw as if feeling the stubble might help scratch away the past. "He told me he knew your daddy up in I Corps. Said your daddy saved his ass once."
"What happened?"
"Dan told me the NVA had him pinned down one time when he was pulling point, just waiting to grease him. Your daddy came bustin' in there all by himself and pulled his ass out. Hadn't been for Alex Caine, Dan wouldn't have lived twenty more years just to get his ass killed saving you and me. He told me you looked exactly like Lieutenant Caine."
"That Wolf shit he started to tell me—what was that all about?"
"He said the men started calling your daddy Wolf."
"Wolf?"
"Yeah, that's right. For the way he came bounding in that day and got Dan out. I gotta tell you, that don't sound like no chickenshit I ever knew."
Caldwell tapped his fingers on the arm rest. It looked like he had said all he was going to.
"What made them fight that way, Nate? Perkins, I mean. I still don't know about Alex. Maybe him, too."
Caldwell looked up at the ceiling.
"Okay," Sandy said. "I know they're dead, but you and I are still doing it. And I know I sound like a dork, but what about the whole Duty, Honor, Country trip? I'm serious."
"I used to think about that a lot, Hawk. Then I figured out why I really do it."
"For the pussy, right? I think you told me that once."
Nate didn't laugh. "In the beginning, it was for the pussy. And the shiny boots and the silver wings and riding up there in the front of the bus. All of that. But it ain't no more."
"What do you mean?"
Nate stared at him. "Okay, I'll tell you. But I'm only gonna do it once, so you need to take notes, you better start writin'. I did it for Perkins, I do it for Eddie and Kruger, I do it for Santana. Sometimes, I guess, I even do it for you. Could you shut the fuck up now, Hawk?"
He brightened as Brünnhilde came down the aisle with the duty-free cart. Sandy watched him pick out an Hermes scarf for Elena. No question, Nate was gone.
Above the north fork of Long Island, the plane dipped into the final descent. Over the marshes of Jamaica Bay, Sandy saw the plane's shadow racing them across the water. A gentle bump on the rubber-scarred runway, and they were home.
At the baggage carousel, they grabbed their bags and split up. Nate caught a cab and headed for La Guardia and his connection down to Fayetteville. Sandy rented a shower and soaped Bosnia out of his system. After that he spent more time than he had in months shaving, shining, shampooing. From his bag he took out a pair of slacks and a blue long-sleeved shirt. He also traded his boots for a pair of black Gucci loafers he'd picked up in Split, probably hot because they were so cheap. In the bar, he nursed a beer and watched replays of football on ESPN until they called his flight to Dulles International.
#
FORTY-SIX
#
*** Dulles International Airport ***
She was wearing a reddish-brown parka that set off her curls. Her black stretch pants fit her like another skin. Hoping to take her by surprise, he tried to circle around and get behind her, but she saw him and ran to him, burying her face in his chest. After the stale air in the plane and the fast food smell of the airport, breathing in the clean fragrance of her hair was like a hit of pure oxygen.
And then her arms were around his neck and it was no longer possible to tell who was kissing whom because they were both making up for lost time.
"Are you all right?" he whispered, kissing her ear.
"No," she said, pressing against him. "But I'm better now. How did you get here so fast?"
"I did General Hunter a favor," he said. "He did one for me. We can talk about that some other time. The main thing is you're safe."
An hour to kill before the three-thirty flight to Salt Lake. In the lounge, he started to order a beer. "No way, dear heart," she said. "I need your full attention."
A few minutes later, when they were settled over coffee and tea, she said, "We are looking at some deep, deep weirdness, pups."
She was different this time. No cockiness. "It all started when I got back from talking to Janine. Patrice already knew about the trip. He also knew I'd been looking through the military records. Then I went down to see Santana and there was the stuff from Sweeny."
"What did he say?"
"He said, and I quote, 'Alex Caine was the most gung-ho sunuvabitch you ever seen.' End quote. He also said the men called Alex Wolf."
That made two Wolves in six hours. Where the fuck was Chicken Little?"
"Anything else?"
"He was going to dig out a picture for you and I had the feeling he'd give us more. That's where the weirdness got weirder. Santana called. He sounded broken up, if that's the right word for it—you guys are about as emotional as fence posts—and he told me Sweeny was dead."
"Just like that?"
"That's right. Somebody came in that night, they got sloshed and Sweeny drove into the reservoir on the way home."
"Who was the drinking buddy?"
"Santana wasn't certain, but he sure sounded like Remy Fair."
"If it was Remy, he could have been passing through," Sandy said. "Just part of his job, maybe." He smelled peppermint and looked down at the table. She hadn't touched her tea.
"Maybe," she said. "Maybe not. Let's count 'em. First Patrice right after I talk to Janine, then Remy Fair after I talk to Sweeny. Then, after Dr. Hyduk, hello, it's Rubber Jack. I don't know what to think anymore."
"Plenty of time." He kissed the tip of her nose. "Where's Hyduk? Where are you taking me?"
"The Flathead Credit Union in Whitefish. Here, let me show you the note." She opened her purse and started to rummage around. "I _know_ it was in here. I threw it in after we left the bank." Suddenly she began clawing through the side pockets.
"It's gone."
"Rubber Jack?"
"It was there before he conked me. It's not there now."
"One too many maybes," he said, putting his arm around her, drawing her closer. "Let's get going. We've got a plane to catch."
* * *
Below them, the Middle West went by in its quiltwork of sections, the country roads meeting every mile at the edge of dark brown fields stripped of the fall harvest. She told him about Janine and about Jeff's nightmares. "It's like it happened yesterday."
He nodded. "You never forget. I'm with Perkins and my guys almost every night."
Abbie rang for a blanket. They pulled the armrest out of the center seat and crawled under. Warmer, softer. Nicer. At the airport in Salt Lake, they split a peach Slurpee. She put her head on his shoulder and slept until they called the night flight to Kalispell.
It was well past midnight when they landed. There was a light on at the Hertz desk. The clerk gave them a map and directions north to Whitefish. Here and there in the darkness, their headlights picked up white crosses planted by the state where others like Sweeny had bought it on the road.
They pulled into the parking lot of the Grouse Mountain Lodge at 1:00 A.M. In the bar, the last embers were burning in a stone fireplace that rose up and disappeared through the ceiling. The kitchen had closed at eleven. But when Sandy asked if they could get a cold bottle of Chardonnay and a fruit and cheese plate sent up to their room, the desk clerk said, "You bet," and picked up the phone. Two minutes after they hit Room 258, he arrived with the food.
They had a sitting room downstairs with cathedral ceilings, a couch, chairs and desk. On the desk was an ashtray and a little bundle of candles. A card said "For Power Outages." Upstairs, a sleeping loft went all the way across the room. At its center was a king-size bed about half the size of the state of Montana.
They had toted their own luggage. Abbie dropped her backpack on the floor. Peeling the Saran Wrap back from the cheeseplate, she took a cracker and started nibbling. He fought with himself. He wanted her, but what could he say so soon after Rubber Jack?
So he took out his shaving kit, put his bag in the closet and draped his trousers neatly over a chair. "Gotta wash all that travel off my skin," he called across the room. Give her some time.
Stripping off the rest of his clothes, he went to explore the bathroom. The large tub had an equally large shower head. As he turned on the hot water, he could hear Abby unpacking. He had seen her do it in Zagreb, enough to know she was slinging her things all over the room.
Sliding the glass doors open, he stepped into the tub. Steam began to fill the compartment. He closed his eyes, letting the hot water run down his neck, unknotting the muscles in his shoulders and back. And then he heard the shower door slide open.
"Hello there, big boy," she said huskily, vamping on Sharon Stone. "How about some room service you'll never forget?"
Floating through the steam, she slipped in next to him, her body glistening, her breasts firm, the water trickling down the red brush below her flat stomach. She leaned over and licked one of his nipples, then flicked a nail gently across the other. He felt himself stiffening.
"Not yet," she said, pushing his hands away. "Close your eyes. Don't move."
He felt a warm cascade down his chest. The sweet spicy scent of vanilla welled up into the steam. He opened his eyes and saw the bottle of Kiehl's body shampoo in her hand.
"You're cheating." She reached out a hand. Before her fingers drew down his eyelids, he saw her leaning over to put the bottle on the edge of the tub. Water and foam coursed down her shoulders, puddled on the small of her back, slid between her legs. Then he saw only soft circles of light projected backward against the screen of his closed eyes.
He felt her hands around his cock, a surging warmth, raising him hard through her slippery fingers. His breath caught in his throat. He groaned and bent his knees as she wrapped her arms around his neck and rose above him. Then she let her body slip down and he was in her and she kept sliding lower, squeezing, crying. He rose and pulled back, three, four, five times, until he didn't dare go for another. Slipping out of her, he picked her up in his arms. She let her head fall back and held him as he picked up a towel and carried her out of the steaming shower.
In the sitting room, a fluffy white rug lay on the floor in front of the couch. He tossed the towel across it, lowered her onto her back and kneeled over her. She bit her lip and then, pressing upward, wrapped her legs around his waist and pulled him into her until she had him deep, surrounding him, moving toward him, pulling back, slow, slower, forward, back until the white heat began to come and his back arched like a long bow and he shot his soul into her.
For five minutes he lay there on the white rug, his face in the nape of her neck, his breath drying the warm curves. He bent his head down, kissed where she'd been cut. She tasted like vanilla. He heard the sound of running water and thought of mountain streams, sunlight, bubbling foam along dark wet banks. Then he realized they had left the taps on in the shower. Groaning, he got to his feet. The doors were pulled back the way he had left them in his sprint for the sitting room. Warm water was lapping at the top edge of the tub.
When he leaned over to pull the plug, he heard Abbie coming up behind him.
" _Aspetta un momento_ ," she said, looking over his shoulder. "I have plans. Big plans. Do not dare let that water out of the tub."
As he stood up, she went into the other room. When she came back, she had the cheese and fruit platter balanced on one hand, the Chardonnay, beaded with ice water, in the other, and the candles under her arm. "You first," she said.
He stepped into the warm water and sat down with his back to the taps. Officer and a gentleman, he told himself. Nothing that had ever happened to him with a woman had been so over the top. She handed him the Chardonnay and the platter of fruit and cheese. Then she lit the candles, dripped hot wax onto the counter next to the sink and stuck them into it. They looked like miniature torches when she turned off the overhead lamp.
In the flickering candlelight, her body was slinky, tawny. She climbed over him, leaned against the back of the tub and closed her eyes. Reaching down into the water, he ran his hands along her legs. She pushed forward and made little circles on his stomach with her fingertips, her fingers trailing lower in the warm water, searching for him.
"Welcome home, pups," she said. "Can I peel you a grape?"
#
FORTY-SEVEN
#
**Whitefish * Montana**
Sunup in Montana. Gray light filtering through the drapes, a white rime of frost on the window at the end of the sleeping loft. Abbie lay under the comforter listening to Sandy gear himself up for the day. Make love, not war? she thought sleepily. What a joke. With Sandy you couldn't have one without the other. She wondered how many women he had slept with. Last night he had come at her like a centurion returning from three years in Gaul. What would he be like if he fell in love? Assuming, of course, that he _could_ fall in love. Not much chance of that, but hey, what about Antony and Cleopatra? Wasn't Antony a soldier, too? Right. But not Special Forces.
Turning on her back, she snuggled her feet into the down. A quick reality check. Something about Sandy still worried her. It wasn't just that he didn't seem comfortable in his soldier's suit. It was as if he wasn't comfortable in his own skin, something desperate in the way he made love, as if he wanted to lose himself, bury any sign of who he really was.
The sound of his voice broke the wobbling line of her reverie. From below only a word or two floated up to the sleeping loft, but it sounded like he was talking to Santana.
"Fucking zombie, man... Abella... scan."
He hung up and she heard him start up the stairs.
He was used to giving orders and she was used to blowing them off. Give it time, she thought. Maybe he'll change. Maybe she could change him. Work out a compromise. As he reached the landing, she closed her eyes, felt him leaning over her.
He touched her bare shoulder: "Reveille, Miss Vanilla."
* * *
Coming down from the loft, Sandy picked his way through the litter Abbie had left the night before. Her blouse and pants were on the floor next to the couch. Seeing his clothes arranged so tidily in the closet, he felt a twinge of embarrassment. Neatness before passion. What was it with him? He closed the door before she could see it, too.
He plugged the coffee pot on the counter into the wall. When the coffee was brewing, he went over and pulled back the drapes. Outside, the sun was just beginning to slant down through the tall green pines. He looked into the bathroom. The tub was empty, the candles had puddled out. Absently, he looked at his face in the mirror. He needed a shave. He reached for his shaving kit, then stopped. He was off duty, not going on parade. By the time she came down, a towel tucked under her breasts and across her hips, the coffee was ready. He handed her a cup, and when she took it, he ran his finger under the top of the towel.
"Don't," she said, smacking his hand lightly, like Melba protecting her cookie jar. "I'm recovering." Her tone was neutral, as if she were delivering an after-action report. "From the night of pillage and plunder. You ravished me."
"Who ravished who, Cat Woman?" He pointed his chastened finger at her underwear hanging from the entertainment center. "You want to check out the tracks you left on your way to the kill?"
Letting the towel fall, she wrapped her arms around his neck. "So what do we do now?"
He looked at the swell of her breasts. Touched the cut.
As he was tucking the loose corner of the towel between her breasts, she looked at him as if she were fully dressed. "I think we should go to the bank," she said.
The witch. She was in his head.
* * *
The Grouse Mountain Lodge was set on the side of a low hill that sloped down through a pretty valley to the village of Whitefish. Off toward the east, partly hidden in a forest of dark green pines, was a blue lake surrounded on three sides by mountains. To the right, the road sloped down in the direction of an old cemetery with a twisted wrought-iron gate.
"Boot Hill," Sandy said as they drove by. "Worse places to plant your bones."
"Thanks. I'd just as soon not."
They crossed a stream on the outskirts of town and shot past a commercial strip with a chiropractor's office, real estate agency and convenience store. Just before the decaying opera house, a traffic light stopped them. Sandy turned and cruised slowly, looking for a cafe.
Circling the railyard, he headed back along Center Street, past a saloon advertising poker and slots, a pharmacy, a shop with a window full of Native American jewelry. A pawn shop came into view not far from a place with a sign out front that said CHECKS CASHED.
At the end of the main drag he turned left and pulled up in front of the Buffalo Cafe. Inside, the customers were all men, a couple of ranchers in wool shirts and cowboy boots at the counter, a table with three guys in jeans and sports shirts discussing a school board brawl. Over in the corner, a sheriff's deputy sat stirring his cup and reading the sports scores in _USA Today_. The smell of bacon and eggs and steaming coffee was intoxicating.
Sandy ordered half the menu, the eggs and bacon, hashed browns, biscuits with gravy and a small eye of round steak. Rare. The waitress, a muscular blonde on the hard side of forty, looked like she wanted to throw Sandy and brand him. "You came to the right place," she said.
Near the cash register, a clock, the big and little hands tipped with flint arrowheads, put the time at twenty after eight. The bank wouldn't open until nine. Plenty of time to eat and think.
Sandy dug into the eggs. When Abbie had told him about Hyduk, his first impulse had been to call Jeff. But something had stopped him. If Hyduk was here—and if he could be found—the General and Jeff wouldn't be the only keepers of the past. For the first time in his life, he saw a tunnel to his father that he could move down alone.
Alone.
That wasn't quite the right word, was it?
He looked up from his plate. Leaning over her oatmeal, Abbie looked like a little girl waking up to her first morning at camp. How could any woman with such a motor drive and murder mouth look so innocent? He felt a pleasant twinge. Nothing like lust. What he really needed was to find somewhere safe where he could lock her up until he could figure her out.
Figure them both out. Stabbing his fork into a gravy-soaked lump of biscuit, he began to sop up the last of the eggs. "Do you think this guy Hyduk's for real?" he asked.
"His brother did. And he was not happy about it."
Digging into the oatmeal, she remembered the ugly scene in Pittsfield. Did Dr. Hyduk really want to help her? Or was he out to hurt his brother? "Doctor's Disease," she shrugged. "That's what M.D. stands for. Major Demento. All of them."
"But we're talking about this guy's brother. Why wouldn't he want to see him?"
"Let me ask you something, okay? Don't get mad. Just devil's advocate. You know the way you talk about your dad? How he was the greatest loser of all time?"
Setting the fork on the plate, he reached for his coffee.
"So what would you say if you could see him again? Would you even _want_ to see him? Maybe the problem is you're scared shitless you share the same blood. Maybe the shrink is scared shitless the same way about his brother."
"Interesting theory," he said, waving for the check. "I'll think about it."
By the arrowheads on the wall, it was five minutes to nine.
"We're outta here," he announced, avoiding Abbie's eyes as he headed for the door.
* * *
The Flathead Credit Union was a new building with stone walls, shiny windows and a green roof the color of old copper and new money. Banks put Sandy on edge. They reminded him of the Putnams, their polish, their frigidity. It was the Putnam in him that made him practice automatic deposit and balance his checkbook every month, even on the days when he wished he could keep his pay in a jar with a screw-top lid, like Melba's uncle, the fisherman, saving for the next fiesta.
At five after nine, when Sandy and Abbie walked into the credit union, two tellers were standing behind a grill-less counter riffling through stacks of small bills. No bulletproof cubicles for Whitefish. In the loan officer's section, an older woman in a red sweater with a white lace collar looked up at them pleasantly. The name tag pinned to her bosom identified her as Mavis Weller. She was wearing a Mickey Mouse watch with a red band that matched her sweater. A sticker on the back of her computer monitor said: NICE DAYS ARE FOR NITWITS.
"Want to open an account?" she said. "You up for it?"
"What can I get on five million dollars?" Sandy asked her.
"For five mil, cookie, you can have me, my dog and my motor home."
Sandy laughed. While he explained their errand, Abbie listened, wondering what the Berkshire Hills Bank crowd back in Pittsfield would make of Mavis.
"Good Lord, what a story," Mavis said when Sandy finished. "The man you want to talk to is High Preston."
She rapped sharply on the door behind her.
"That's High for high altitude, kids," she said. "You'll see."
Without waiting for an answer, she opened the door.
Slumped in a black leather swivel chair with his back toward them was a tall man—Sandy put him at about six-six unfolded—reading the _Wall Street Journal_. Facing him was a rolltop desk cluttered with files, ledgers and reports. On top of the desk was a brass name plate engraved on the flattened case of an artillery round. The name on the shell case said PRESTON LASSWELL, PRESIDENT.
From the wall above him, the head of a stuffed elk with eyes of brown glass stared out over the room. When Lasswell turned and stood up, his head grazed the elk's chin.
"Get your ears out of the antlers, High," Mavis told him. "This is Captain Caine. He's the Green Beret. The redhead is Miss Mancini. She's the reporter. They've got something they want to ask you."
The banker glanced at Sandy, then, more carefully, at Abbie. If this one was diddling somebody else's wife, she thought, it wouldn't be after bridge night.
Lasswell was wearing a brown suit over his boots. The braided leather tails of a silver bolo tie made two twisting black lines down his chest. Standing under the elk, he looked like a sight gag from Dr. Seuss. His long arms were heavy with muscle and he had a steamfitter's hands. Default on a loan, he'll have you stuffed, mounted and up there on the wall right next to Bambi's big brother.
"What's the story, Mave?"
"I'm not going to spoil it for you, High."
Mavis turned and went out, leaving the door ajar, like a woman who knew she'd be back and didn't want to waste time on the return trip.
The tall man shifted his gaze to Sandy. Lasswell's bearing and voice sounded military.
"Okay, Captain," he said. "What's the skinny?"
"We're trying to locate one of your depositors... Mr. Lasswell."
Sandy hesitated. Dammit, he thought; he had almost called this guy _sir_. Recovering, he said, "The name is Hyduk. Larry Hyduk. Probably Lawrence in your records."
"Never heard of him."
Sandy looked blankly at the older man.
"How is that possible?" Abbie asked, breaking in abruptly even though she knew it would raise the hackles on both men. Put Sandy in front of a machine gun and the other guy was in deep shit. One flat denial from a source and he lost it.
"The Berkshire Hills Bank says he has an account here."
"No way."
"I've seen deposit slips."
Just a small lie—and white. Dr. Hyduk had seen the slips—all he'd given her was the note—but if she couldn't jar Lasswell they were dead.
"I make it a point of honor, Miss Mancini, to know the first and last names of everyone who does business with us. I assure you, we have no account under that name."
"I don't understand, Mr. Lasswell. He's been depositing roughly a thousand dollars a month for twenty or twenty-five years. I make that nearly a quarter of a million dollars. Are you saying you don't keep track of that kind of money?"
Lasswell eased his two-story frame back into the swivel chair.
"Needling me? Old fart? Memory shot? Alzheimer's? That what you're saying, Miss Mancini?"
Before she could reply, he held up his hand to stop her.
"Mave, will you get in here?" he barked. Mavis Weller immediately pushed the door open and stepped into the room. She'd been outside listening the whole time. Like Melba. Sandy smiled.
"Please tell these two young people here we have no account for any Lawrence Hyduk. They think I'm trying to buffalo them."
"Well, High," Mavis said slowly. "The problem is you're only half right."
Lasswell looked at her the way an irritable dentist considers an abscessed tooth.
"Which half? What the hell are you talking about?"
"You're not lying. You're right about that. Hyduk doesn't have an account here. Not really."
"What's the other half?"
"Miss Mancini is right about the money."
Lasswell's face reddened. Above him, the elk looked bored, as if riddles were just another service of the Flathead Credit Union.
"Goddamn it, Mave, you're talking in tongues again. What are you trying to tell me?"
Mavis came around to the side of the rolltop desk and put her hand on the banker's arm.
"That guy they're looking for?"
"Yes?" The banker's face went blank, like a monitor after a memory crash.
"It's the Night Stalker, High. Couldn't be anyone else."
* * *
Lasswell sank back in his chair. "You better take a seat," he told Sandy and Abbie, pointing to a couch. Almost longingly, he picked up the _Journal_ , then dropped it back on his desk. "Close the door behind you, Mave," he said. "We could be some time."
When Mavis was gone, he didn't say anything for a moment or two, as if he had to choose what to put in and what to leave out. Then, ignoring Abbie, he leaned forward and said to Sandy, "I shouldn't be telling you this, Captain—the Feds would eat me alive—but I'm an old infantryman. Big Red One. North Africa, Sicily, Normandy. Before your time, but I'm guessing we understand each other."
"I think we do, sir." This time Sandy didn't kick himself for using the word.
"All right, then," Lasswell said. "Here's the deal. Like I told you, there's no account here under the name of Lawrence Hyduk. As far as I know, there's no Hyduk, period."
"But the money? I don't get it."
"There is a guy who calls himself Hyduk. He lives in Massachusetts, I believe. Every month he transfers about a thousand bucks to the account of one of our customers here. I always thought he was just a rich uncle, something like that."
"Who gets the money at this end?"
"The Night Stalker."
"Give us a break, High." Abbie said, risking a second interruption. "Are you saying you've got an account for Mr. John J. Night Stalker?"
"Shit, no. That's just what Mave calls him. She was here when the credit union first got going in Whitefish. Bob Hester ran the place then. Bob's dead now. He's the one who used to call him the Night Stalker, the one who set the whole thing up."
"So what's this guy's real name?"
Lasswell looked at his hands for a moment.
"Let's say it's none of your business. Let's say it's also against banking regulations for me to tell you."
"Okay. Let's say all that. What else?"
"Well, let me put it this way. Suppose you have a guy here in Whitefish who has a rich uncle back east named Hyduk. Lawrence, Larry, whatever. If I were you and if I wanted to get in touch with this guy, I'd go look for Henry Emerson."
"Henry Emerson?"
Abbie frowned. Then she saw a Buddha smile creeping across Sandy's face.
"As I understand it," Lasswell went on, "Bob Hester and Henry Emerson served together in Vietnam. The money from Hyduk goes into Emerson's account here at the credit union."
"Then what happens?"
"Our instructions from Emerson are to take the deposit from Massachusetts each month and buy ten individual money orders. Random denominations, between one hundred and one hundred ninety-five dollars. No more than that. The money orders are made out to cash."
"That's great, High. So where can we find Emerson?"
"Beats me. I've never seen the man. No one in the bank has, not that I know of. Not even Mave. That's why I got so scrambled when we started this party."
"But he's got to come in here to identify himself and pick up the money orders. Someone must know him."
"We mail them to a post office box. You won't find any Henry Emerson in the phone book. I've looked. The bottom line is maybe five thousand people live around Whitefish. The Night Stalker could be any one of 'em."
"Looks like we're chasing a ghost," Abbie said, looking at Sandy.
Sandy pushed back his chair and stood up. Sticking out his hand, he thanked the banker. As they were leaving, he leaned over and kissed Mavis Weller on the cheek.
When they were back in the car, Abbie pulled the keys out of the ignition.
"Okay, pups, pal of infantrymen, lover of older women. What did you see that I missed?"
"Ectoplasm."
"Quit it. Stop doing that to me."
"Ghosts, Abbie. Two ghosts. Three. Ten if you count everyone in ODA 351 except Jeff." Then he shook his head, like an angry kid correcting an obvious mistake in his homework. "No fucking way," he said, starting the car. "I don't believe in ghosts. Let's get back to the lodge."
#
FORTY-EIGHT
#
*** Whitefish ***
The Whitefish cemetery loomed up in front of them. Sandy turned and drove through the old gate. In the older part of the graveyard, frost heaves had tilted the headstones winter by winter, inch by inch, until they looked like hats cocked back on the brows of the dead.
"Does this turn you on?" Abbie said.
"Looking for something," Sandy mumbled. Slowing to a crawl, he drove along the winding road, checking names and dates on the headstones. Under a tall green cedar, he parked the car. "Must be here somewhere," he said, taxing off down a lane of graves. Toward the end of the third row, he suddenly stopped and waved her over. When she reached him, he was kneeling next to a marker that stood out distinctly from its neighbors. It was lower than the others, cut from green stone, rounder. Seen head-on, it looked more like a helmet than a headstone.
Sandy was brushing dust from the name. She bent down next to him and read ROBERT VICTOR HESTER—1934–1975. Above the name was the oak leaf of a major in the United States Army. Below it were the same words she had seen behind the bar at Sweeny's: _De Oppresso Liber_.
Centered under the crest of the Special Forces, Hester had added his own postscript: _Inter Fratres Unum_.
She looked at Sandy. "One of the Band of Brothers," he said, running his finger along the epitaph as he translated it. "One of us."
Us?
Almost as if he were including her. Or was he just referring to his Army boys' club? Stupid to push it. "So?"
"So it explains a lot."
"To you. Maybe it's a guy thing. In case you forgot, I'm out of the loop."
She was shivering. "The name on the account," he said, wrapping his arms around her waist. "Remember?"
"Henry Emerson? What about it?"
"That's what you didn't get back at the bank."
"How could I have missed it," she said. "I mean, an awesome name like that. Probably Ralph Waldo's second cousin twice removed, am I right?"
"It _is_ an awesome name. You just don't recognize it."
"You've got me there."
"Let's go back to the car," he said, holding out on her. "It's freezing."
They walked back the way they had come. The first flakes of snow began to drift among the graves. Along the stone curb, the withered green grass, now flecked with white, felt cold and hard under their feet. When they were in the car, the heater going full bore, he looked at her.
"Okay, he said. "We've got the Night Stalker, Hyduk, and Henry Emerson. We're not talking about a whole squad." He gave a whoop and slammed his hands on the dashboard. "Yes!"
"What are you telling me?" Her hands made little circles as if she were trying to pull it out of him.
"They're all the same guy, Abbie. Hyduk, the Night Stalker, Henry Emerson. The name game must have been an inside joke between Hester and Hyduk."
"You'll notice I'm not laughing."
"Look, Henry Emerson was one of the fightingest, wild-horse-ridingest combat leaders in Vietnam. They called him the Gunfighter. Hank Emerson would have been a lieutenant colonel when Hester was a major and Hyduk was a grunt. When they needed a way to hide away Hyduk's tracks, they put the Gunfighter's name on the account."
"Wasn't that sort of illegal?"
"You could call it that."
"Why would Hester agree to do it?"
"Hyduk asked him for help."
"A lot of people must have asked him for help. He was a banker."
"They weren't in the Band of Brothers. I'm sure of it now—it's so clear Hester wasn't the only one, Abbie. Hyduk was a full member—all dues paid in Vietnam." Sandy started the car. Once through the iron gate, he headed back for Grouse Mountain Lodge, humming now, riffing to an old tune from the Lovin' Spoonful. She couldn't quite make out the words—but it sounded something like "What a Day for a Dead Man."
* * *
"Let's say you're right—we still don't know what Hyduk looks like."
"I'm working on it. What we need is a picture."
"Right. 'Wanted: the Gunfighter—Preferably Alive.' "
He handed her the computer. After letting her hang for a few beats, he said, "Why don't you check your e-mail?" She jacked the laptop into the wall. At the top of the list was a message from santana.net with an attachment she couldn't immediately decipher. The message was clearly meant for Sandy, not her.
Sharing her service now, was he? What next? Would she start finding her toothbrush wet in the morning? Well, what the hell. How bad could that be?
To: amanci@washpost.com
From: jose@santana.net
Hawk, Abella could only find one shot. Hyduk's class picture at Bragg.
Summer of '59. I've blown it up for you. Hope it helps.
She clicked on the attachment. It turned out to be a scanned photograph slugged "Hyduk." She watched it take shape line by line as it came up on the screen. The picture, enlarged and blurred from Santana's zoom, showed a jug-eared kid of about twenty. The lids of his eyes drooped like shades drawn against the world.
"Shit," Sandy said. "Picture must be thirty years old. Thousands of soldiers look like that."
Abbie closed the file. As the face disappeared, she remembered something Dr. Hyduk had told her. The fight in that busted-up saloon in Pittsfield.
She took out her notebook. Pulling over the phone, she asked Massachusetts information for a number. The automatic dialer connected her to the _Berkshire Eagle_. "Give me the morgue," she said.
The operator was a man. "Who are you, lady? Brenda Starr? We haven't had a morgue since 1981. The old stuff's with Computer Services now."
"Back issues, too?"
"No. The bound copies are in Al Justin's office. Al doesn't let anyone use them unless he's in the room. Says people are worse than silverfish. They eat the past. Pull it apart."
"Let me talk to Al."
"Sure. But it won't do you any good."
The _Eagle_ 's librarian sounded like a guy who would never see seventy again, but perked up when Abbie told him she was calling from the Newspaper Preservation Committee at the Library of Congress.
"We're going through old morgues," she said. "We're trying to find out what's left now that everyone's moving away from paper. You won't believe what gets thrown out."
"Morons," Al muttered. "I'd believe it."
"Anyway, I was hoping you could help us."
"How?"
"I've been calling people, giving them a specific story from twenty or thirty years back to look up. I'm asking them to send us a copy as a quality control. If your search pans out, we can send someone out to discuss preserving your records. You interested?"
"Hell yes."
"Wonderful. Here's the test. Vietnam stuff. During the last week of August 1969, Vietnam vet named Lawrence Hyduk got into a brawl in Pittsfield. That's H-Y-D-U-K.
"Might take some time."
"How long?"
"Half an hour or so."
"I'm impressed. Could you scan the story and any photographs and send them to me?"
"You mean e-mail?" He made the phrase sound as repulsive as _toe jam_. "I know how you feel," she said quickly. "I hate it, too. But it's the only way we can keep track. But to save the past we have to scan it."
"All right," he said. "Half an hour."
She gave him santana.net as her address. When the librarian hesitated over the odd handle, she explained that she had wanted to use the name of Santyana, the philosopher, for the project, but it was one character too long. "Great mind," Al said. "You read _The Last Puritan_?"
"Loved it," she lied. God would forgive her.
Just before lunch, she checked her mail. For a man who hated cyberspace, Al had been fast. The story was only a few graphs lifted from the police blotter, but the picture was good. Very good. The war had carved Hyduk's face, his head was shaved, his eyes said nothing, as if his interior lights had all burned out, taking with them his soul.
The picture was black and white. Looking closely, Abbie thought she could see a difference in tone along the right side of the forehead. She imported the picture into Photoshop and blew it up. The difference was stronger now. She selected flesh tones and colored the photo. Then she clicked on the lasso tool and drew it around the paler parts of Hyduk's head. When she finished, she had defined an area about the size of a human hand. The hand had talons stretching back along the side of the head, across a dark hole where a kid's jug ear had been blown away.
She went to the paint tool and colored the ragged patch pale red.
It was as if something inhuman had reached over and torn away half of Hyduk's scalp. Moving back to the color palette, she picked a grayish white and used it to replace the red. Imposed over the pale flesh of Hyduk's ravaged face, she now saw his scar.
"Jesus," she whispered, pointing to the monitor.
"I think our ghost just developed a hood ornament," Sandy said. "Let's go find him."
#
FORTY-NINE
#
*** Whitefish ***
On the road into Whitefish, they stopped at a convenience store for gas and directions. The clerk told them they'd find the post office on Baker Street across from the Golden Spike.
They found the Golden Spike with no trouble. The place was impossible to miss. It was on the ground floor of an old dry goods store, two stories, with a wooden false front that lengthened its shadow. The windows were crammed with gear out of pawn: chain saws streaked with grime, shotguns and rifles, a scuffed saddle with the stiff loops of an old riata thrown over the horn. Up on the second floor, a large sign in the dusty window said SPACE FOR RENT.
The post office was modern, clean, soulless. Box 1093 was in the middle of the bottom row of mailboxes on a wall opposite the front window. It was big enough to hold a sheaf of checks and a case or two of whatever else Hyduk was sending himself through the U.S. Mail.
The postal clerk inside the building shook her black bangs when they asked who rented Box 1093.
"We don't give out names. You wouldn't want us to give out yours, now, would you?"
The clerk was a small woman, middle thirties, a formalist in a neatly pressed blouse and gray skirt.
"It's critical that we find this person," Sandy snapped.
"Well, Mr. Ness," the clerk said dryly, "since you're traveling without your FBI badge, why don't you do what any normal citizen would do?"
"And what might that be, ma'am?"
"Send him a letter. You've got the box number. Ever hear of 'Occupant'?"
"Great idea," Abbie said.
"Are you crazy? He'd flush like a sage hen. Two minutes after he slit open the envelope he'd be gone. We'd never get another shot."
"I wonder if we might talk to the postmaster?" Abbie asked the clerk. Offering Abbie a sisters-in-suffering nod at Sandy, the woman pushed a button behind the counter, and a small gate swung open.
"Bang on Tad Willey's door," the woman said, pointing across the mailroom. "Maybe he'll help you." Straightening the sheets of stamps in her drawer, she looked past them. "Next," she said.
They went through the gate. "You take point," Sandy told Abbie. "You're better at this than me." When they got to the office marked "Postmaster," she rapped on the door.
"Come in."
The voice was a deep bass, about two octaves below middle C. From behind the door, it sounded like an idling tractor. They entered and found the postmaster at the end of a long table sorting through bright posters splashed with Technicolor reds and greens, oranges, yellows and purples. The posters featured birds and flowers from the real world along with a celebrity cat, duck and rabbit from the world of cartoons.
"Some days I don't know if I'm running the mail or a day care center," Tad Willey said cheerfully, his voice grinding along in first gear. He was a short stocky man with massive shoulders, and a steel-gray crew cut, pushing sixty. "What can I do you for?" he asked them.
Abbie took out the retouched photograph of Hyduk. "We're trying to find this guy," she said. "He has a box here and we thought you might have seen him when he came in to pick up his mail."
Willey put on a pair of wire-rim glasses. "Don't believe so," he said.
"Are you sure?"
"All that stuff on his noggin. You don't forget a mark like that."
He pushed the photograph back across the table. Before she could figure out how to make a second run at him, Sandy blurted out: "He uses the name Henry Emerson. He rents Box 1093."
The postmaster looked at Sandy as if he had just dropped a toad on the table. "Well, now," he said. "I wouldn't know that, would I, unless I looked it up?"
"Why don't you do that? I mean, see where he lives? It must be in your records." The impatience had come back into Sandy's voice. Abbie shot him a warning glance. Too late.
"Nah, I couldn't do that. Against regulations. But I tell you what, you're welcome to stand out there and wait for Mr. Whoever he is. Mail pickup's open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week." He took off the glasses. "Sunday, you could take off a few hours and go to church. Try the power of prayer, pray for patience. Might do you some good, son."
* * *
When they were outside, Abbie took Sandy's arm. He was stiff with rage. "What now?" she asked, resting her cheek against his shoulder. "Should we go back to the lodge?"
Instead, he walked quickly across the street and into the Golden Spike. In the back, behind a glass counter filled with cameras and Indian jewelry, a fat kid in an orange flannel hunting shirt that bulged out over his Levi's was cleaning a .12 gauge.
"Borrowing or buying?" He wiped the oil off his fingers with a clean rag.
"Renting," Sandy said. "How much is the room upstairs?"
"Man, you don't want that place. There's only the old couch Lester left when he moved to Seattle. Why don't you try Sleep Tite up the road? They rent half days."
"Two weeks. How much?"
The kid put down the rag and looked at the cash register, an old hand-crank number in polished nickel silver. A price tag of $350 was stuck below the crank. If you could buy the register for three or four bills, Sandy figured, two weeks' rent ought to come cheaper.
"I'll give you eighty bucks," he said.
"Hunnert."
"Eighty."
"Okay, eighty, it's yours."
The kid took two keys out from under the counter. "This one's for the front door," he said. The second was on a chain with a red rubber tag that said FISH, DON'T FUCK, a gift from some outfit called Montana Zero Growth. "The door back there goes upstairs." He pointed to the rear of the store. "Lock 'em both when you go out."
Sandy bent over the glass counter. In the case was a battered pair of field glasses. He pulled a twenty out of his wallet.
"I'll take those, too."
"You're kidding me." The kid pushed back the bill. "You got Zeiss lenses there. Two hunnert."
"Take it or leave it."
The kid reached for the twenty. "I bet you two know some tricks." He leered at Abbie.
"Whatever," she shrugged. No need to get Sandy going for this jerk's throat. The room smelled of spilled beer and ammonia. Pushed against one wall was a couch with cracked leather cushions. "Give me a hand," Sandy said. They nudged the couch in front of the window, just far enough back so it couldn't be seen from the street. Sandy dropped onto one of the torn cushions. It gave out a small sigh of stale air. Unwrapping the strap on the binoculars, he directed them out the window until the post office swam out of the blur.
"C'mere," he said. Abbie was still standing at the end of the couch, as if by closing her eyes she might make the whole room vanish. Sandy motioned for her to join him.
"What've you got?" she asked him. He handed her the glasses. Raising them to her eyes, she saw Post Office Box 1093.
* * *
The next day was Thanksgiving. When they came out of the lodge, the mountaintops across the valley were white with new snow. Abbie unlocked the two doors in the Golden Spike, and Sandy horsed a green cooler full of beer and provisions up to the second floor.
Dropping onto the couch, he popped a can of Coors. A little early in the morning, but what the hell, it was Thanksgiving.
Abbie was sitting at the other end of the couch. He pulled her over to him and began to nuzzle her. "I was just thinking..."
"Well, you can stop. Not here. Noooooooo way. This place's about as romantic as an Arab toilet."
Sandy tried to kiss her.
"I'm serious," she said, pushing him back. "This trip isn't just about getting laid, is it? For you, I mean. Because it's not for me."
He looked at the ceiling. The place hadn't been painted for twenty years. Cobwebs hung from the moldings. Above the radiator, a curled strip of flypaper studded with tiny black corpses was twisting in the thermals.
"You know what?" he said. "Let's get out of here."
They spent the rest of the afternoon driving in the mountains. At the top of one windswept ridge, Sandy pulled over and they raced across a pure-white field of snow. They followed a bobcat's tracks that disappeared into a dark stand of fir. The air was cold. It was like breathing pure oxygen. She felt stoned. They were panting from the run when he kissed her.
That evening he took her back to the Buffalo Cafe. The place smelled of fresh bread and simmering stock. Great slabs of turkey arrived, arranged on their platters next to mashed potato mountains stained red at the foothills by cranberry sauce. They washed it all down with a bottle of Napa Valley Riesling they'd brought with them. At the lodge they made love twice, then slept like children.
Friday morning they took up their positions at the observation post early. For the first few hours, the watch was exciting. But when the day dragged on with only a few housewives and out-of-work loggers coming in to pick up mail, their nerves began to fray. It didn't get any better Saturday or Sunday. By the end of Wednesday afternoon they were hardly speaking to each other.
The next afternoon, just before four, Abbie was reading the editorials in the local paper, working her way through the moral calculus of how many broke loggers were equal to a virgin forest of spotted owls, when she saw Sandy jump up and grab the field glasses.
"So that's how the sonuvabitch does it," he said. "Come on. Move."
He was down the stairs and halfway across the street before she caught up with him. Ten yards up from the post office, Sandy slowed down to a walk.
A small figure in an olive-drab parka and cammo pants was just closing Box 1093.
His gloves were lying at his feet. The end of a green envelope stuck out from under the arm of his green parka. When he stood up, she saw that he was just a boy, no more than fifteen or sixteen.
Sandy motioned silently for her to get the car. Stepping behind a parked van, Sandy stayed out of sight until the boy came out, looked right and left, and took off up the block. When the kid had a 50-yard lead, Sandy started along the sidewalk behind him.
Abbie eased the car into low and shadowed them. At the corner, the boy turned right onto Railway Street and walked three blocks, past the rear of the minibrewery and onto the edge of the Northern Pacific freight yard. A ford pickup, 1966, dark green, was parked on an oily strip of dirt next to the tracks. The tailgate was down. As the boy walked up, a man in matching parka and pants opened the door on the driver's side and got out.
He was smaller than Sandy expected, wiry, five-ten. He had pulled a black nylon do-rag over his head, the same kind bloods wore in Nam to keep their hair out of their eyes.
Sandy broke into a run. Before the driver saw him, he had closed most of the distance to the truck. For a moment, the guy hesitated. Then he called an order to the boy, who vaulted into the back of the Ford.
Sandy heard the engine kick over. He doubled his speed. Collapsing on the snub-nose hood of the Ford, his breath coming in ragged gasps, he held up his hand.
The driver leaned on the horn and gunned the engine. Sandy didn't move. Picking up speed, Abbie roared up and banged on the driver's window.
"It's okay, Larry," she shouted. "Be cool. We're friends."
The engine kept running, but the window came down slowly. For the first time, she could see his face. The pale scar tissue started below the bottom edge of the do-rag, the talons disappearing under the black nylon.
"Who the hell are you?"
"Your brother sent us," Abbie said.
"I got no brothers."
"Yeah, you do," Sandy said, coming up to the window. "More than one."
"Is that right? Like I said, who the fuck are you?"
"Sandy Caine. Special Forces. My dad was Lieutenant Alexander Caine."
Hyduk pulled back as if Sandy had taken a swing at him. "Prove it."
"You served with him in I Corps. ODA 351. Captain Taylor was the commander."
Sandy still had his hand sticking out toward the window. Hyduk hawked a lunger and spit it on Sandy's open palm. He slammed the engine into gear. The wheels, spinning in the dirt, threw black grit over Sandy and Abbie.
Choking, they ran to their car. By the time they got it started, the Ford was already nearing the end of the freight yard. "No way, you bastard," Sandy said. The Ford wheeled away from the tracks and shot off down a dirt road that skirted the southern rim of the lake. After half a mile it began to rise along the shoulder of a mountain. Sandy tore after it, bumping, weaving, cursing himself for not renting a four-wheeler. The road narrowed to a logger's track. Sharp twists and secondary tracks shot off on both sides. For a while, rounding the longer curves, Sandy was able to get glimpses of the pickup. Then he lost it.
"Sonuvagoddamnfuckingbitch."
He pounded on the wheel as they came burning around a bend into a short straightaway that ended in a Y. A steel guard pole blocked the turn toward the left. Veering right, Sandy dropped into second and mashed the accelerator to the floor. The track rose sharply to a blind crest. Like a demented beetle, the little car shot over the top, its wheels spinning in the air.
Abbie screamed.
Sandy slammed on the brakes. Spinning sideways, the car smacked into a giant fir.
The logger's track led directly into a chute about eight feet wide and fifty feet long, its sides deeply scarred by sliding logs. The chute spilled over a rib of solid granite, slick and gleaming in the alpen glow. It was a straight drop of 200 feet to the lake.
"My God," Abbie whispered.
"As in nearer to Thee," Sandy said. "You get the feeling we're not wanted?"
#
FIFTY
#
*** Whitefish ***
"Morning, young soldier. How's the chow?"
Too early in the morning for small talk. Sandy was poised to demolish the Grouse Mountain Lodge's Rancher Wake-up: two fried eggs sunny side up, hash browns with a rare, eight-ounce rib eye bleeding into the spuds.
The man standing in front of him across the table was thin, almost gaunt, with a face that looked as if it had been cut from the local rimrock. The angular lines under his eyes and along his jaw were a shade redder than the rest, whether from sunburn or good scotch, it was hard to say. Draw poker eyes, the look of a man hiding his cards while he dopes out yours. He said, "Some folks came in last night askin' about a guy with whitewalls travelin' with a redhead. Reckon that's you two."
"I'm not military," Sandy said.
"If you're not a soldier, I'm not from Montana. Good Lord, it's written all over you. Mind if I join you? Name's Tim Grattan. I pay the mortgage on this joint."
Sandy leaned over the table and shook the older man's hand. "SF?"
"Left the business in sixty-eight. My wife, Darlene, couldn't handle me being a movin' target."
"Where was that?"
"Mostly the Highlands, sometimes Cambodia and Laos when no one was lookin'."
The waitress came back with the coffee. Grattan stirred it thoughtfully. "Look, these guys came in last night had a Ford with Avis plates, same as that vehicle of yours except dark blue and no dents. Three of 'em. Said they were looking for a Captain Caine. Alexander Caine. Travelin' with a redheaded gal."
Abbie checked him to see if he was trying to bait her. He seemed unaware of the slip. Maybe the news about women hadn't gotten all the way through to Whitefish.
"Did you tell them we were staying here?" Abbie asked him.
"Nope."
"How come?"
"They looked like fuzz to me. Government or military. I thought maybe the captain was up here overstayin' a leave."
"Why didn't you turn me in?"
"Don't care too much for the government and I guess you could say I never liked MPs." He smiled at Abbie. "You talk about pokin' your nose in other people's business, miss..."
"Abbie Mancini."
"Okay. You don't know what it is until one of those starched pricks with the armband and stick starts coming at you—if you'll pardon my French."
"Total amnesty, Mr. Grattan. Will you help us? We're out here looking for a guy. Viet vet. He disappeared back east sometime in the early seventies. His brother told me he was living somewhere around here. We're pretty sure we hooked up with him yesterday—for about thirty seconds—but he blew us off."
"What's his name?"
"Hyduk. Lawrence Hyduk. He answers to Larry. By which I mean, if you say, 'Hey, Larry,' he tries to kill you."
Grattan shook his head.
"You ever heard of a Henry Emerson?" Sandy asked him.
"Hank? The Gunfighter? You betcha. Best leader I ever served with. First time I went in country was sixty-two, back when we weren't there, if you know what I mean. But I did a second tour in sixty-five, that's when I met the Gunfighter—"
"I was thinking about someone else." Sandy paused. "Did you know Robert Hester?"
"Bullet Bob? Sure did. Good man. Silver Star at Plei Me. Sort of a local war hero. Why?"
"They said down at the bank that Hester knew Hyduk. Hyduk was using Hank Emerson's name to hide an account."
"The Night Stalker. That's who you're trackin'? You must've been talking to Mave."
"She told us Hester was willing to bend regulations to set up Hyduk's account."
"Look, Captain Caine, this is gettin' a little more personal than we like to be out here. Before we go any further can I ask you a question?"
"Sure. Fire away."
"That's a pretty hefty name you're carryin' for a guy who wants people to believe he's no soldier. You comin' from where I think you're comin' from?"
"My grandfather's John Pershing Caine."
"Only one way J. P. Caine could have a grandson—you'd have to be Alex Caine's boy. I'll be goddamned. I didn't even know he had a son. No wonder you're sneakin' around in dark glasses."
Sandy's jaw tightened.
"Look, no reflection on you. Goddamn it, sometimes I just can't control my own tongue."
"Did you know my father, Mr. Grattan?" Sandy's voice was as cold as dry ice smoking on warm ground.
"No, Captain. I only knew _about_ him."
Grattan's eyes said "I raise."
"What—what do you know?"
"No way you get an outfit wiped out the way ODA 351 was without people wonderin' about it. The thing is, no one ever knew what happened, really. All you had was shithouse rumor. But one night, it must have been in early sixty-eight, after Tet, anyway, I was sittin' in the officers club bar at Bragg. We were gettin' our ass kicked. There was a lot of bitterness. Anyway, this major comes in and takes the stool next to me. He orders a double bourbon. I guess he saw the ribbon. Remember how that green and yellow Vietnam thing stuck out on your chest?"
"Still does."
"Yeah, for a few old farts. You got home, you didn't know whether to be proud of it or hide it under your mashed potatoes."
"Proud of it, I'd say."
"Yeah, well, you had to be there, I guess. Anyhow, the major sat there all evening knockin' back the bourbon. By ten o'clock he was shitfaced. Started mumblin' about it bein' our own damn fault we were losin'. Man, he took it from the top right down to the bottom. A fool in the White House, boot-lickin', brass-runnin' MACV, hurry-up trainin', too many incompetent officers into musical chairs.
"Then, I remember this because it interested me at the time, this major said, 'You could see the whole thing comin' right from the moment ODA 351 got greased.' "
"Now what would you say if I told you the story could be total, one hundred percent bullshit?"
"I'd say you have a problem."
"You know," Sandy said, pushing back the plate of cold death in front of him, "that's just what I've been thinking."
"I'd like to hear about it."
Grattan insisted on picking up the tab. He invited the two of them to his office. It was small, neat, unpretentious, with a stone fireplace cut into one of the walls. On another wall he had mounted half a dozen large topographical maps of the mountains and forests surrounding Whitefish, and on the wall behind his desk was a framed board displaying his Special Forces insignia, a Silver Star, a Purple Heart, jump wings and a Combat Infantryman's Badge, all pinned to a piece of dark green felt.
Grattan pointed to two plaid chairs flanking the fireplace.
Sandy ran through what Perkins had told him in Mogadishu. Abbie retraced the track that had led them from Pittsfield to Whitefish and their brush with Hyduk.
Grattan stood up and looked at one of the maps that showed a pale blue arc of lake cutting into green forests marked with wavy contour lines. "Let's say Hyduk and Henry Emerson and the Night Stalker are all the same guy, and let's say you got a piece of him yesterday. Didn't you say he disappeared in the early seventies?"
Abbie nodded.
"If he and Bob Hester were tight, he got here before April of seventy-five."
"Why?" Abbie said. "How can you be sure?"
"Because on May 1, Bob went over to the other side of the lake, put his sixteen-gauge shotgun in his mouth and pulled both triggers. They found him two days later minus his arms and legs. The bears had gotten to him. No note. Just a copy of the Missoula newspaper with that photograph of the choppers taking the last Americans off the roof at the embassy in Saigon. You remember. We had to boot off the locals to get away.
"Bob used to sit at the end of the bar every Saturday night. All night. Drinkin' brandy sodas. The early part of the evenin' he'd be okay. Around eleven he'd start talking to himself. I believe the operative phrase was 'Why the fuck did we do it?' That's all he said. Over and over. When it got to be somethin' like 'Widefuckdoodad,' around one o'clock, I'd put him in his Caddie and drive him home. Went that way for a coupla years. Until he killed himself.
"But he and Hyduk must've hooked up before that. You said this guy seemed right at home on those loggin' roads. You think he lives over there?"
"I didn't see any camp," Sandy said. "But he moved like he was on his own ground."
"Okay, they did some homestead grants out here in the early seventies. Most people wanted land they could farm. You couldn't give away that forest land over there. It's all up and down, steep, lotta rocks, deadfalls, all that stuff he dragged you through.
"But Bob told me he'd helped a coupla longhairs buy at the far end of the lake. Hermits, dopers, commune people, survivalists. Hyduk could have been one of them."
He went to his desk and punched a number.
"Louise, it's Tim Grattan. Need Libby up in Deeds."
There was a pause. "Courthouse down in Kalispell," he said, muffling the receiver with his hand. "If he bought, he's there."
"Morning, Libby. How's Travis? They fix his leg? I see the Bobcats lost fourteen to six last week without him. Junior, isn't he? Well, he'll be back in there next season, and you tell him I'll be comin' to see him. Listen, I'm tryin' to track down an old Army buddy who bought land up at the north end of Whitefish Lake, sometime between 1970 and 1975. Could you look at the book for me? Can't be too many deeds. Name's Hyduk. You might also check Emerson."
For several minutes, he stood holding the phone. Then he thanked Libby and rang off.
When he turned around he was smiling like a kid who's just pulled a silver dollar out of a window well. "Got him," he said. Pulling a pair of reading glasses from his pocket, he went over to the map.
"Here," he said, stabbing a pencil into a swatch of green webbed with contour lines. "Tract forty-seven. Four hundred acres. Twelve thousand dollars. Nineteen seventy-one. Financing by the Flathead Credit Union. Robert Hester cosigned the note. Purchaser, Henry Emerson."
Grattan went back to his desk, fumbled in the top drawer and pulled out a battered compass. "Baptized in I Corps," he said, handing it to Sandy. "Blood and beer. Take it. You're gonna need it out there. If it was me, I'd leave that guy the hell alone."
#
FIFTY-ONE
#
*** Whitefish ***
Big Mountain Outfitters was in a converted dry goods store next to a small strip mall at the opposite end of Baker Street. The cases near the cash register were filled with guns—rifles of every caliber, shotguns of every action and gauge, pistols and revolvers, little handguns you could slip into a lady's purse, hog-shank magnums that would stop a charging moose.
Behind the counter, the owner, Richard Alexander, a guy with a truck driver's belly and a face like a side of beef, lifted a stack of bumper stickers. He was polishing the top of the case with Windex and a red bandanna. Abbie picked up one of the stickers. It said: I LOVE ANIMALS—THEY'RE DELICIOUS. The guns gleamed under glass.
"You folks lost?" Alexander said mildly, looking at Grattan's compass. It was dangling from a worn nylon lanyard around Sandy's wrist. Sandy shoved it in his pocket. "Do you sell topos?" he asked. "We're going north, beyond the lake."
"Three guys came in yesterday, I think they bought the last one. Elk hunters." Alexander led them to a large wooden case. "You're in luck. Must've misfiled this one last season. Supposed to be in with sections twenty to thirty, not thirty to thirty-six, but I get careless sometimes."
After they got back in the car, Abbie waited until they were past the freight yard and well down the gravel road next to the lake before she broke the silence.
"Rubber Jack?"
"Could be."
"The same sort of thing happened with Sweeny."
"Yep."
Two answers, three syllables. "I watched Gary Cooper movies growing up, pups. You're not him. That laconic shit—it does _not_ turn me on. What should we do?"
"Find Hyduk. Fast."
"Thanks a lot, Coops."
* * *
The road was worse than a maze. At each side branch, Sandy got out of the car and checked for signs of the Ford. _Nada_. They rose through aspens, forded a shallow creek and moved into the jackpines and fir. Above the ridgetops, dark gray clouds began ballooning up ominously.
Ten yards before the Y in the road where Hyduk had lost them, Sandy stopped the car. The guardrail had been moved. It now cut off the fork leading to the log chute. The long steel bar was set on cinder blocks dug into the earth. A small motor, like the kind used to raise and lower garage doors, was mounted on the blocks. Underneath, in a small steel box, were a series of old truck batteries that had been hooked up to power the motor controlling the guardrail.
"The nut job probably switched it from his truck."
Sandy headed back toward the car.
"He went that-a-way," Abbie said, pointing back to the left fork. "That was yesterday."
Instead of going up the road, he darted into the woods. The ground was rocky, but the trees were far apart, and they moved quickly, following roughly parallel to the logging road. After what must have been half a mile, Sandy stopped and waiting for her to catch up.
"Okay, over there."
He set off for a gap in the underbrush. She found him a few minutes later sitting on a stump between a huge boulder and a dark wall of forest. In front of him, cutting across the road was a trench about two feet wide and three feet deep hidden under pine boughs and withered aspen leaves.
"A real axle breaker," she said, nudging the boughs with the toe of her shoe. She looked at Sandy. Sandy's hands were covered with dirt where he had dug out the car trap. He had dark smudges of earth and sap on his forehead and under his eyes where he had wiped away the sweat.
"Neck breaker's more like it."
"Maybe Grattan was right about leaving him alone."
"No fucking chance. This guy is beginning to piss me off."
"How are we going to get around this thing?"
Hyduk had filled the trench with jagged rocks and tree branches studded with nails.
"We're not."
The car was just down the road around another blind curve. Hyduk had obviously been counting on Sandy to keep driving at warp speed. They would never have been able to stop in time. Sandy put the map up against the driving wheel and looked at it for a long time, running his finger over the contour lines, looking for something he had missed on the way up.
"It's the creek," he said. Craning around, he threw the car into reverse and headed down the mountain. Twenty minutes later, he pulled over at the near side of the little stream they had crossed earlier that morning.
"Wait here."
She watched him disappear up the bank of the creek. The water had dropped with the season. It was about 10 feet wide, and no more than a few inches deep.
She was alone. The rushing water should have been soothing, but she was not a country girl—peace, Tim Grattan—and certainly not a mountain woman. The woods are lonely, dark and deep... Frost and snow flurries, she thought, trying to buck herself up. It didn't work. Below the surface she felt the first coppery tingle of fear.
She heard a tremendous splash in the middle of the creek. But when she looked up, all she saw was Sandy. He was wading down toward her, the water barely up to the ankles of his Timberlands. He came splashing up to the car looking like a Labrador retriever with soggy paws.
"You're making a lot of noise for a scout, Tonto."
"We're getting close to him now, Abbie. Real close. I _don't_ want to surprise this guy. Be like waking a papa grizzly and telling him to get the hell out of his cave."
"What did you find up there?"
"I was stupid on the way up. I assumed he was using the logging roads. It didn't occur to me that anyone would go off road. _Could_ go off road, for chrissakes. That old Ford of his has high clearance. The creekbed is dredged out for about fifty or sixty meters upstream. I should've figured it out sooner—it's an old Russian trick. He had it made. He just hung a right into the water and let us chase the road. Came out on the far bank. Come on, I'll show you. How're your boots?"
"Drier than yours."
"Mine are waterproof. Stay on the bank."
He ducked into the woods, making a wide buttonhook to the right and coming out about 100 yards upstream, where the creek flattened into a sandbar about 30 feet across. A narrow meadow ran from the sandbar over to a low, small promontory sticking out from the mountainside.
"Mine dump, silver, maybe gold." Gray tailings spilled away from the old shaft, creating a flat space out in front. Heavy timbers, black with age, lined the entrance. In the shadowy hole behind them, Abbie could just make out the snub nose of the green Ford.
Threading away from the mine, a path no wider than a deer trail came down to the creek. About 50 yards farther upstream, the meadow petered out, and the creek disappeared into a canyon. The trail crossed the creek, running along the far bank behind a tangled stretch of alders. Towering above them was a rock face of basalt, blackened by volcanic action and fractured into cubes of stone.
"Devil's dice box," Sandy said. "Let's roll 'em."
Abbie started for the path. Sandy grabbed her arm. "No more trails. He owns them. This way." He started up the near side of the stream.
The canyon walls closed in on them, growing more and more narrow the farther they went. Like receding wings on a small stage, the rock walls stuck out into the creek from both sides until they finally reached a spot so tight only one person could slip through at a time.
Sandy went first. The passage was about 10 inches wide and 16 feet long. Outcroppings of damp rock vaulted across the stream like the arches of a roof. He had to inch his way along, twisting sideways.
"Holy shit, look at this. Better get up here."
When she stooped under the last arch and came out, she saw him standing at the foot of a low crag looking upstream. By some freak of nature, the water had cut an expanse around 100 feet long and 40 feet high into the stone walls of the canyon. They widened, curving upward to a crack of gray sky 500 or 600 feet above them.
Projecting out from a low shelf cut into the left wall, a ledge jutted into the stream. On top of the ledge was an odd structure made of basalt blocks and what looked like old timbers from the mine. The roof, impossibly, was solid concrete. Twining above and below the ledge and all along the banks up and down stream were endless coils of rusty barbed wire.
"Oh man," Abbie said softly. "What is it?"
"Command post. I'd say we just found ODA 351."
Suddenly she heard an odd whizzing sound, then the sharp report of steel ricocheting off stone. She felt a sharp pain in her arm. Her eyes shifted wildly to Sandy. On his forehead, just below the smudge of dirt, she saw a bright splash of blood.
As she fell, she heard a scream above her.
From the crag, a man dressed completely in black dropped on Sandy like a plummeting eagle, talons outstretched.
Not a bald eagle. This one wore a black do-rag. And he had a 6-inch trench knife in one claw.
She heard a soft whump as he landed on Sandy and put the knife against his throat. "Smokin'," he said.
"Smokin'," he said again, louder this time.
Suddenly, his hand dropped.
"Jesus Christ, Wolf, is that you?"
He slid the knife into a sheath hooked onto his web belt.
"Goddamn it, Lieutenant, Cap'n Taylor tole you 'bout forgetting the fucking password. I could've killed you."
#
FIFTY-TWO
#
*** Whitefish ***
It was like those freeze frames during an accident, the scream of the brakes, the steering wheel torn from your hands, the screech of tearing metal, the smash of shattering glass. Abbie watched it all. Within her body the last levee against panic washed out. A tremendous roaring filled her ears.
She was running. Running like deer, splashing wildly down the stream, plunging into the rock crack, scraping against the stone walls of the narrow defile. And then she was hurtling through the trees, branches whipping her face, tearing at her clothes.
Where the meadow opened up, her foot caught a snaggling root and she sprawled forward, falling like a wounded animal into the tall, wet grass.
Help. Get help.
For a moment she lay there facedown, her heart whumping against her ribs. Bastards. Crazy macho bastards. Damn bloody head-bashing heart-busting killers. All of them. Every damn one of them.
She looked up. Through the grass she could see the old mine not far ahead of her. Panting, she scrambled up the slope of tailings and stumbled over to Hyduk's Ford.
Locked.
Shit. Shit. Shit.
She felt a trickle of something warm run down her arm. Looking down, she saw a small black blotch on her sleeve. She remembered the whine of the ricochet and the stab of pain in her arm.
I'm wounded.
For some reason, the recognition made her laugh. A long, wild, relieved burst of laughter. Reaching down, she pulled a small bit of steel from her arm. It came out as easily as a splinter from a child's finger. She pressed down on the cut for a few seconds and the bleeding stopped.
Okay, now, find the car. Get help. Save Sandy.
Jogging quickly now. Under control, though for the first few yards she had to force herself not to go flat out the way she had come down the stream. A few minutes later she came out to where the creek joined the main stream. Following the current, she moved on until she could see the bend up ahead where they had pulled off the logging trail. The car was there where they had left it.
Two cars.
She stopped. A second vehicle was parked behind theirs. Some logger must've thought they were lost and stopped. She started running down the road, waving her arms. The car was a blue Ford. Inside, she saw three men in dark green camouflage gear. Hunters, not loggers. Good. They wouldn't have to waste time going to town for the cops.
"Hey, you guys. Could you help me?" she shouted.
The driver's door swung open. "Hell, yes, Miss Mancini. We've been looking for you."
A man built like a bricklayer stepped out. Under his eyes, he had the same smudges of black she had seen on Sandy and his men in Mogadishu. In his hand he was holding a 9-millimeter pistol. The pistol was pointed at her face.
#
FIFTY-THREE
#
*** Whitefish ***
"Come on, Lieutenant. You gotta wake up now."
The water splashed over Sandy's head and ran down his scalp. Cold, freezing cold. Sandy spluttered, opened his eyes. He was lying on a field cot in a small room. Gray light slanted in from the slit windows cut through one wall. Hyduk was bent over him holding a canteen aloft, dabbing at Sandy's forehead with a blood-soaked rag.
"Hey, Wolf. You got any idea how lucky you are?"
Wolf?
"You should be dead. Password's _weed_. When I said smokin' you should've said 'weed.' "
Sandy sat up and touched his head. New knob to show Melba.
"You come sloshing up the creek like you never seen it before. Charlie's not that dumb. I started to pull off, but I slipped and the round went high. I had to go down to finish the job. Man, the knife was on your juggler when I saw it was you, Wolf. Christ, what would they give me for killing an officer?"
Wolf. No mistaking it now.
"Where's Abbie?"
"Who?"
"The woman. I had a woman with me."
"Oh you did now?" Hyduk looked again at Sandy's head. "Maybe you're confused. This ain't downtown in the ville, Lieutenant. You want to get laid, better ask Captain Taylor to send you down to Nha Trang and while you're at it, have 'em take a look at that scratch on your head. Piece of rock must've clipped you. Nothing that'll affect your dick, Lieutenant."
"What the fuck are you talking about, Larry?"
"Hey, look, Lieutenant Caine, I think—"
"It's Captain Caine."
"Is that a fact?" Hyduk was looking at him as if he were the one who had blown his circuits. "They promote you since this morning? What's Captain Taylor gonna say when he finds out this team's got two captains now? What about it, Wolf?"
"Who the hell's Wolf?"
"Who the hell's Wolf? You, Lieutenant Caine. You must be concussed to shit, man."
Hyduk's eyes had a dark haze floating in them. Sandy glanced around the bunker. It was clean and dry, surprisingly warm. One wall was lined with books. _Street Without Joy, Fire in the Lake_ , the bulky volumes that made up a bound set of the Pentagon Papers on Vietnam. Beside the cot, the only other furnishings were a small handmade table and a wooden chair. The table was piled with neatly arranged stacks of books and notepads next to an empty shell case that held a fistful of pencils, pens and felt-tip markers.
Hyduk was living like a soldier in the cell of a monk.
Spooky. How whacko did you have to be to fall into this kind of time warp? "Get this, Sergeant Hyduk," he barked, sounding like a drill sergeant bracing a green recruit. "I'm not Lieutenant Caine. You're thirty years out of step. Snap out of it."
The words stung Hyduk. His hand shot toward his head. For a moment Sandy thought he meant to salute. Instead, he tore off the do-rag, uncovering the long fingers of scar tissue from the old wound. Even in the dim light, they were a deep purple. He sank on the cot where Sandy had been lying and buried his head in his hands.
When he finally looked up, the smoky haze was gone from his eyes. "It happened again, didn't it?" he said.
"Yeah, man. It happened."
Hyduk lapsed into silence.
"Larry?"
"Yeah."
"Know who I am?"
"No fuckin' idea, man." Hyduk stood up. Sandy saw the circuits sparking. "All right, got it," Hyduk said. "You're the guy who bushwhacked me in town. Chased my ass up the mountain. I forget your name."
"Sandy Caine. Captain Alexander Caine. I told you yesterday."
Hyduk sat down at the table. He looked at his hands.
"That must've been when I freaked out."
* * *
A mile down the canyon, Abbie started to raise her hands.
"No need, Miss Mancini," said the man with the 9-millimeter. "This isn't some western."
He laughed. The rear doors opened and two guerrillas in identical combat camo eased out. Both of them had Uzis.
"Hey, let's slow down here," she said. "I don't know how you know my name, but there's someone up the stream and he needs help."
"Is that right?" the first man said. "Sergeant Hyduk too much for him?"
"Put her down, Kip," said one of the guerrillas. "She'll get in the way."
The bricklayer reached into the car and pulled out a sawed-off shotgun. "If you want to see how it works, just open your mouth or run."
"I hear you."
"Good. Now let's just go on back the way you came. All together. It'll be more friendly that way. And, don't you say anything unless I talk to you first, got that?"
"Got it."
"Excellent." He turned to the other two.
"Cox, you take the point. Miss Mancini and I will be right behind you with the directions." He smiled at her. "Laneer, you cover our ass. I want you fifty meters back. If anything goes wrong, scoot around the flank and bail us out, okay?"
Abbie looked at the sky. Above the ridges the clouds were massing, much darker now. Snow began to swirl through the green firs.
"Move out."
When they got to the meadow, Cox peeled off to check Hyduk's pickup. "Which way?" the bricklayer asked her. "Don't fuck with us, hon."
She looked to the left and saw Hyduk's trail, the one Sandy had avoided. "That way," she said, pointing to the little path snaking up the creek. The four of them moved along the trail quickly, stopping every 40 or 50 yards to get their bearings. The snow was coming in light flurries now. She looked up and saw it dusting the top branches of the firs.
They reached the place where the little stream joined the main current. It was still a few hundred yards to where the canyon narrowed. She looked up the trail. For the first 20 or 30 yards it was bare earth, hard packed. Then she saw, crossing the trail, three splashes of green and pale yellow. Fir boughs, aspen leaves. A fierce joy rose in her throat. A sensation she had never felt before. Yes, she said silently. Yes.
* * *
The scream from down the canyon tore into the bunker like a mountain lion's wail.
Sandy's hand flew up to his bloodstained head. Was _he_ cracking up? Then he saw the smoke drifting back into Larry's eyes.
"We got visitors."
Hyduk's rifle was hanging by the door. A 300 Winchester Magnum. Thirty caliber with a McMillan M-40 sniper's stock and a 26-inch Lilja barrel, topped off with a Leupold Mark 4 16-power scope. He took it off its peg and headed for the door. "Let's do it," he said.
* * *
At the sound of Cox's scream, Kip shoved Abbie in front of him.
"You first, hon."
Staying close to the alders for concealment, they inched their way up the trail until they could hear moans and a man's voice cursing. Kip jabbed the shotgun in the small of Abbie's back. "Here's what's happening, hon," he said. "You're going to go up there and see what's bothering Cox. Then you're going to bring the news back to me. Just like you do for the _Chronicle_."
He pointed to a tree a few yards ahead of them. "I'll see you and Cox will too. From the sound of it, he's not in a very good mood right now—neither am I—and killing you would probably make us both feel a whole lot better about our work. So, don't wander away."
Pushing aside the alders, Abbie stepped into the middle of the trail and started up toward Cox. Hyduk had been a busy boy. Cox was sprawled on his back, jackknifed into a man-size version of the tank trap Hyduk had dug on the logging road. He had fallen onto a sharpened punji stake driven into the ground and hidden under the boughs and autumn leaves. The point and about 10 inches of the shaft had gone into his right calf just below the knee, coming out a few inches higher on the inside of his thigh. The torn leg of his combat trousers was soaked in blood.
"Help me," he whispered hoarsely. "Where's Kip?"
"On the way."
Abbie kneeled to examine the damage. Cox's other leg was folded under him at an acute angle. Probably broken. She heard Kip's breathing as he came up behind her. "Cox, you're a moron," he exploded. "Oldest trick in the book. How could you be so damn dumb?"
Up the trail, a tremendous racket erupted. Two snarling bull mastiffs, chestnut brown, eyes wild, yellow teeth slashing at the air, came hurtling toward them. Cox shriveled. When the huge dogs were 5 yards away, their legs gathering in a blur under their heavily muscled bodies, ready to spring, Kip flicked the stubby shotgun upward, fired, pumped and fired again.
The leaping mastiffs hit a wall of buckshot. One of them ploughed into the ground at Kip's feet like a downed MIG. The second, blown sideways, fell into the trench with Cox, and died with a high-pitched cry that sounded to Abbie, not so much different from the man's.
Kip kicked the muzzle of the mastiff at his feet. His boot came away with a slick black stain on the toe. "Good team," he said. "Too bad."
Laneer came over and the two of them lifted Cox off the punji stake. Kip bandaged Cox's leg, and they propped him against a tree with the Uzi across his lap.
"Here's the deal," Kip said to Cox. "I'm gonna leave you with Miss Mancini. We might need her a little bit later today. We'll come back after we're finished with the other two."
Cox nodded weakly.
Kip reached into his pocket and slammed fresh shells into the shotgun. Laneer picked up his Uzi and he fell in behind Kip. The two men moved up the trail.
* * *
When they were gone, Abbie sat down across from Cox. He looked like a soldier, but he was much older than Sandy. She put him in his late forties. In his eyes she saw hatred so simple and complete she almost had to admire it. The guy obviously loved his job.
"What are you going to do with me?" she asked him.
"That's up to Kip."
"What if it were up to you?"
"It's not. So shut the fuck up."
Snow was drifting down, blotting out the pink Rorschach around the dead mastiffs. Cox shivered. "Who are you after? Captain Caine or the guy up the pass?"
"What difference does it make, we've got all three of you, don't we?" A wave of pain crossed his face. She started to get up.
"Stay right there, bitch."
She heard a metallic clink as the Uzi shifted against the buttons on his jacket.
"You set me up, didn't you?"
The voice lower now, barely a whisper.
"Like, 'That way, we went that way,' " he said, mimicking her voice. And then: " _Fucking bitch. You knew_." He pointed the Uzi at her stomach. His finger tightened on the trigger.
She felt something zip past her shoulder.
A purple moon appeared in the center of Cox's chest. He smacked back against the tree. For an instant, his eyes looked surprised, then they rolled up in his head as he slid to the ground, tracking the same deep purple down the trunk.
There had been no sound. A hand touched her shoulder. She cringed.
"Are you all right?"
Sandy's hand was on the nape of her neck. She buried her face against his leg. When she was able to stop sobbing, she got slowly to her feet and wrapped her arms around him. "I didn't know if you were dead." She pressed against him, felt the warmth of his cheek.
"Wasn't my time to go."
She touched the crust of blood on his forehead.
"Goose egg. That's all. Larry missed."
"But I ran away, pups. I clutched and I ran."
"Doesn't matter. We all get scared. We all run. Sometimes it's a good idea."
"You don't, pups."
"Yeah, well, stick around. We'll see."
Hyduk stepped out of the woods. He walked over and looked down at Cox.
"Pretty good shot," Sandy said. "What were you, four hundred yards out?"
"Five hundred. It's the Lilja, ten-twist. The Leupold helps."
He walked over and kneeled beside the mastiffs. For a few seconds, he shut his eyes. Then, cuffing the backs of their heads as if they were still alive, he got up and came back to where Sandy and Abbie were waiting.
"Two left?" he said to Abbie.
"That's right. How did you know?"
He pointed down the trail. The footprints of Kip and Laneer were etched in the inch-deep snow. "It'll take 'em at least two hours to get to my CP. Take us fifteen minutes my way. Let's patch you two up. We got plenty of time to put down those dog-killing bastards."
* * *
The bunker was still in near darkness when they got there. Hyduk lit a Coleman lantern on the table.
"Who's the Wolf, Larry?"
Sandy asked the question softly, trying not to rocket Hyduk while he was dressing their wounds. Hyduk stood up and went over to his wall of books. When he got back to the table, he was holding a photograph. A bunker. The snapshot looked moldy and smelled of the jungle. One corner of the picture was gone, as if it had been ripped away. A dark brown stain that looked like blood covered the bottom part of the image.
The rest was clear enough. Leaning against the front of the bunker, nine men in tee-shirts were hoisting cans of beer, mugging for the camera. Standing in the dark, sandbagged entrance to the bunker, a guy with captain's bars on his green beret was flashing a V sign. Hyduk pointed to one of the kids with the beer. "That's me," he said. "Captain Taylor's there in the door."
Sandy picked up the photo. "Who's this?"
Hyduk hesitated.
"The Wolf," he said. "Your father."
Father. My father.
Sandy's head throbbed where the rock had glanced off. "You ever meet a guy named Perkins?" asked Hyduk.
"Dan Perkins? I replaced him when he got hit. Never met him, but everybody said he was a good man. Why?"
"We got into some bad shit in Mogadishu together. Last summer. He told me about the Wolf and then he got waxed. I didn't believe him."
"Believe it."
Hyduk got up and went back over to his case of books. Pushing aside a three-inch volume bound in buckram and marked _U.S. Foreign Policy, 1964_ , he pulled out the bottle of Johnny Walker Black hidden behind it. When he got back to the table, he poured three inches of scotch into an aluminum canteen cup.
"Look," he said, "I need to know what happened to you guys. All of you. In that picture."
"Long story, man."
"If you've got the story, Larry, believe me, we've got the time."
"Ain't that easy. I mean—" He stopped himself and Hyduk sat down on the cot. Only a couple of feet separated the two of them. "Fuck it. Okay, here's what I know." Sandy looked at his eyes. They were clear. "ODA 351 was the best outfit I ever served in," he said. "Aces. All the guys were pros. I was just the other side of eighteen when I signed up. That would have been in fifty-nine. I kept my nose clean because there was a judge back home waiting to throw me in the slammer and melt down the key. They sent me to Benning for basic and jump school. After that I went with the 101st Airborne at Fort Campbell. I liked the jumping, the weapons shit. But I still had some serious problems over following orders.
"Then I met up with Master Sergeant Jesse O. Giddons. Tough old Irish bastard from South Boston. Been in World War II, Korea. First time I got wise with him about some order, he grabbed me by the scruff of the neck and dragged me out behind the barracks and told me he was going to kick the bejusus out of me. He made it sound like _beejaysus_.
"Okay, so a noncom's not supposed to hit a private, right? Sergeant Giddons says, 'Hyduk, you could be a good soldier if you weren't such a fuckup. I still think you're worth my stripes, so after I kick all that Pittsfield bullshit out of you, I'm going to be draggin' what's left of you back and you're going to be the finest soldier in this battle group or I'll eat me own jump wings.' I swear. He said 'me wings.' Like some freaking four hundred-pound leprechaun. I figured I was going to wipe the floor with the old fuck.
"So anyway, the whole company was out there behind the barracks. I was fast and I got in the first good punches, but, oh man, I wanna tell you, after that he kicked the living shit out of me just like he promised. I went back to the latrine and looked in the mirror—I was all puffed up and covered with blood—and suddenly it hit me he would lose his stripes if anyone turned him in. If I ratted him out, let's say. And I realized he had done it because the old leprechaun fuck cared. And man, I lost it. Right there. I sat there on the toilet and I fucking cried.
"Guys started coming in and they thought I was crying because he whipped my ass. The funny thing was, I didn't give a shit that they saw me bawling. After that I got my shit together. Next couple of years I made corporal, then sergeant. No kidding, my father and brainy-ass brother couldn't fucking believe it.
"Then one day, I guess it was in sixty-one, after Kennedy got elected, they came into Campbell looking for weapons guys for a new outfit, Special Forces. I didn't even pay attention to the name. All I knew was you got to go jump out of airplanes and shoot bad guys and wear that cool green beret, and which is what I was born to do.
"They sent me to Nam the first time in sixty-three. Did two tours. Second year I was down at Muc Hoa in the Delta. They made me the team sniper. It was far out, man. I thought I was real hot shit. I had 111 kills. Every time I greased someone I cut a little notch out of my stock and after a while they started calling me Toothpick Charlie, nothing left of that stock but a toothpick and a shitload of dead VC.
"I used to go out in the bush and hunt. I'd lie there in the prone overlooking some VC trail, leaves and shit covering me, not moving for hours until Charlie showed up for me to wax his ass. It was perfect. I was happier than shit. Then one day I was out there and a column of dudes came out of the elephant grass. Seven of them. I was using a telescopic sight and a silencer. So first I picked off the last man in the column. Shhh. He goes down. Next guy doesn't even hear. I pick off the next, and the next. None of them fucking hear anything, man. I nailed five, then the sixth grunted and the leader started to turn around and I squeezed off a quick shot.
"I hit her between the eyes. A woman, man. A beautiful face, and I'm looking through the scope and it turns to chili fucking con carne."
He stopped. Sandy looked over to the cot. Hyduk's right hand was twitching. Without thinking, he jammed it under his thigh like a man who has mastered a little trick so long ago that he no longer notices it.
"I felt like a fucking murderer, man. But they gave me a medal. You heard of General Throckmorton? Throck the Rock? He called me down to Saigon and gave me the DSC and then they sent me back to Bragg as a sniper instructor."
Sandy stood up from the table. "What does all this have to do with Wolf, with ODA 351?"
"I'm getting there, man. I told you it was a long story. You want me to stop?"
"Shit, no, man."
"Right, so after I got the medal I went home. I thought maybe things would be different. Big mistake. In about two seconds my brother and father were all over me. Dumb fucks. I went out and got blistered and busted up two guys. So this time I was a war hero and the judge didn't give me jail time. But he fined my ass and sent the record down to Bragg.
"There's this sergeant major waiting for me when I get back. Sweeny. Sergeant Major Brian Sweeny. Tougher than Giddons even. 'Welcome home, Corporal,' he says, and rips off my sergeant stripes. Whole year before he gave 'em back."
"When did you go back to Vietnam?"
"About a year later. I got shipped over and sent to Team 351 to replace Perkins."
He pointed down at the table. Sandy picked up the photograph.
"See, the picture was after he got hit, which is how I met your dad. Perkins was the reason Wolf got his name. Your dad had this gray hair, even though he was only a kid. After he saved Perkins's ass, one of the sergeants came back saying, 'Did you see that stud? Sprang into all that fire like a fucking big-ass gray wolf.' The guy next to him says, ' _Our_ fucking big-ass gray wolf.' After that everyone called him Wolf. He used it for his call sign."
Hyduk was on a roll now. "I joined the team at Lang Vei." He got up and stoked his stove. His face glowed as he tossed in a chunk of wood. "We were dug in right across this big infiltration route for the NVA. Real thorn in Ho Chi Minh's ass. At first they hit us every few weeks, but it wasn't too bad. Between times it got real quiet." He laughed.
"I remember this one time, half the team got a little R and R and we went down to Nha Trang. The 5th SFG had its headquarters down there and you could get just about anything you wanted in the whorehouses. Pussy, booze, dope, lobster, steak, in that order. Anyway, we were all there. Your dad, all of us. We went to this place called Mama's Sweet Thing. Bargirls. Everything real wet, man, if you know what I'm saying.
"We're all sitting around this big round table and one of the guys, Shapen I think it was, says he wants to introduce us to something new. The Game of Smiles. We're sitting there drinking beer and a couple of bargirls are down under the table undoing our flies, slurping away and whipping us off. The first guy to smile had to buy the next round and pay the girls.
"So your dad was there, and this little honey grabbed his dick and tried to put it in her mouth. He didn't even blink. I saw him reach down, push her away. Then he stood up—he was so cool—and buttoned up his trousers. And he said, 'Well, gentlemen, I'm going to call it a night. I'll be seeing you at 0500 hours for a little run.' And he walked out. I hear one of the sergeants say, 'Shit. Our lieutenant is really straight arrow, isn't he?' And another just laughed and said, 'Man, I don't blame him. You ever see the jugs on his wife?'
"That must've been your mom," Hyduk said, looking over at Sandy. "No offense."
"Forget it," Sandy said. "So when did the shit hit the fan?"
"Summer of sixty-six. The NVA surrounded the camp, started pounding our ass. Mortars, artillery, whole nine yards. Went on for a couple of weeks. Then the fog came down on us. They dug those fucking trenches of theirs right up to the outer wire. TAC air was off and on.
"The last day, Wolf was over in the outer perimeter running things. Man, he was everywhere. I remember, he had this French field jacket with the radio in it. Every time the shit came down you seen him over there running through the smoke, directing fire, leading counterattacks, bobbing and weaving like Muhammed Fucking Ali.
"Captain Taylor'd assigned me a squad of Montagnards to secure the inner perimeter. So I was up on the roof in the prone blowing away NVA. Things began to get fucking hairy. Captain Taylor was inside the command bunker and all of a sudden the Wolf came onto the net and they got in this big argument."
"Over what?"
"The Wolf wanted to call B-52 strikes starting right in front of the outer defensive wire. Taylor was saying no, it was too risky."
"What happened?"
"Nothing, at first. We had our go-to-hell plan. The bridge between the outer and inner perimeters was all wired with demolitions. Ready to blow. The idea was that if the NVA overran the outer perimeter, Wolf would bring the guys back over the bridge to join the rest of us in the inner perimeter. When they were safe, we'd blow the fucking bridge.
"So I'm up there shooting so fast the sandbags are smoking under my rifle barrel and I see Wolf come running across the bridge, flames shooting up all around him, cool as if it was just some kind of exercise. But man, in my whole life I never seen one guy so pissed off. I saw him duck into the bunker and the two of them started yelling at each other."
"What did they say?"
"I heard Wolf tell Captain Taylor that if he didn't use the B-52s, he was going to kill him and take command. After that, I'm not all too clear."
#
FIFTY-FOUR
#
*** Whitefish ***
The bunker fell quiet. Abbie walked over and touched Hyduk's shoulder. He shrugged off her hand. "We got something else to take care of," he said. His rifle was propped next to the door where he had parked it when they came in. Picking it up, he ducked outside. They fell in behind him as he moved down the creek. "No way they're going up the defilade. They'll set up an ambush on the trail down along the stream."
He hesitated.
"What is it?" Sandy asked.
"Look, you mind if I take command here, Captain?"
Sandy laughed. "Are you kidding? You're in charge. It's your ground." Sandy retrieved Cox's Uzi.
"Know how to use that machine?" Hyduk asked him.
"I'd say so. How're we going to do this?"
"Hammer and anvil. They'll be waiting for you, so you gotta get past and down to the road. You set up in a good hide near their vehicle and I'll flush 'em down to you."
"The canyon's too narrow. They'll see my ass even if I make like a snake."
"You ain't gonna be doing no crawling."
"How, then?"
Stepping back, Hyduk pointed to the basalt pile rising above them. "No other way."
"See that?" he said, pointing to an angle up the incline. "The rocks are regular. Get it right, you can cut across and up almost like steps. You can do it."
Sandy turned to Abbie. "Wait back at the bunker. We'll come get you when it's over."
"No."
Sandy cocked his head at her. "You'll break your neck."
"I'm going."
"We could get killed."
"What else is new?"
Sandy slung the Uzi. "Okay with you if I pick the rocks?" Without waiting for her to answer, he started up the slope.
* * *
Abbie tied double knots in the laces of her running shoes and stepped onto the first block of basalt. Already 30 feet up, Sandy was waving to her. After five minutes she was sweating, but Hyduk was right, the route was easier than she expected. In half an hour they were at the top of a low ridge. Down one side, she could see the creek, the mine and Hyduk's truck. Down the other, a gentler slope with wispy patches of dead grass among scraggling pines, was the road.
Scrambling, sliding, skidding, they got to the bottom in five minutes. Through the trees on the far side of the road, they found the two rented Fords.
"Okay, you're a mountain goat," he said. "But not a shooter. You secure the rear. Just stay here, keep your head down and let me know if there's movement."
He crossed the road, working his way up through the trees to a ditch 10 yards above Kip's car. It gave him cover, concealment and a clear shot at the front seat.
An hour had passed since they split up with Hyduk.
* * *
The Night Stalker moved silently through the trees, following the tracks in the snow, toe down slowly, then ball of foot, then heel. Patrol mode, rifle at the ready. He allowed himself an hour to cover the first few hundred yards. It would take at least that long for Sandy to set up the anvil at the road.
The intruders were pros. They had seen the problem of their tracks and taken to the stream. Fine. It meant their boots were wet. Before they got a shot, they would have frozen feet.
At the edge of the meadow, he checked his watch. Sandy and Abbie had been gone for an hour and a quarter. He got down on his belly and wormed his way through the high grass. About 10 yards down, there was a broad, flat rock. When he reached it, he crawled on top and steadied the Winchester Magnum.
Through the scope, he could see the entrance to the mine. Nothing at the foot of the tailings dump, nothing on top. He adjusted the focus.
They were inside the shaft. Under the pickup.
Shit.
He looked again at his watch. An hour and a half now.
He had fitted the Winchester out with a reworked Remington trigger that pulled off at a crisp two and a half pounds, less than half the normal pull. He was using a 180-grain load, one of the best for killing at distances out to 1,000 yards.
This time the target wasn't alive.
Fuck, he whispered, squeezing the trigger.
Ringing like a jackpot in quarters, the round blew the windshield out of his green pickup. Kip and Laneer came barreling out of the mine. Tumbling down the tailings dump, they sprinted for the trees.
He had time to squeeze off another shot. He thought it did some good on one of them, but he couldn't be sure. They were both on their way.
* * *
At the crack of the rifle, Sandy leaned forward in the ditch. A few minutes later, two men ducked out onto the road. One had a shotgun. The other, limping, still had an Uzi. Sandy fired a short burst. The limper fell facedown on the passenger side of the car. Flying lazily through air, the Uzi landed in the middle of the road.
The guy with the shotgun pivoted and charged the ditch. Sandy snapped off two more short bursts. Both went high.
One more time.
He rose to one knee and pulled the trigger. Point blank. The guy was huge.
The gun jammed.
Sonuvabitch. Sandy threw the Uzi at his face. For a split second it deflected the charge.
Springing from the ditch, Sandy took two low steps and tackled the guy. The shotgun boomed once, straight in the air, and followed the Uzi onto the road. Rolling over, he saw a flash of steel as the knife came out of the boot. Saw it coming down at his eye. Saw Abbie pick up the shotgun, smash the butt down on the hand with the blade.
The man howled. The knife went sailing into the trees. Swinging with his good hand, he caught her on the side of the head. Sandy saw her go down. She didn't move.
Kip jumped over her body and started for the shotgun.
_Booooopaaaaaaah_.
His head disappeared. The rest of him collapsed at the side of the road.
Sandy stood up. Screened by firs, Larry was sitting in the crotch of a tree. Lowering the Winchester, he shouted:
" _That was for my dogs_."
When Sandy turned around, he saw Abbie standing over Kip's body holding the shotgun. She had a cut under her eye. Blood was trickling down her cheek. When he reached her, she was nudging the dead assassin with the sawed-off barrel.
"Too bad," she said. "Hon."
Sandy took the shotgun from Abbie's hand. She smelled something acrid clinging to her hair. When she raised her fingers and sniffed them, the bitter smell was there, too, like the smoke off a Roman candle.
"Gelignite," Sandy said, touching her hair. "Join the club."
Grabbing Kip's body under the arms, he dragged it onto the road. He kneeled over Laneer, checking his marksmanship. The burst of automatic fire had hit just below the heart. Good shot group. Then the jam. Except for Abbie, he'd be dead now. Thank God Nate hadn't seen it. He took Laneer's feet and hauled him across the ditch, dumping him next to Kip. Breathing hard, he went through their pockets. All empty. He checked the backs of their pants, then their skivvies, then inside their collars. No labels.
"Who were they?" Abbie said, wondering what it felt like to grope a corpse.
"Pros."
As Sandy stood up, Hyduk came out of the trees with his rifle slung across his back. He had Cox over his shoulder like a deer. It occurred to her that they didn't know how many hunters Kip had brought on his expedition. Sandy rolled Kip over, pulled a 9-millimeter out of his waistband and handed it to her. "Hang on to this," he said, snapping on the safety.
The steel of the barrel was cold from the snow. A little runnel of blood had frozen to the trigger guard.
"Why?"
Reaching over, he took her hand and lifted her fingers to her nose. "Now you're in the club, you can pull security."
"You really think that's smart?"
"No problem, killer. I'll show you how to use that thing later."
In the trees, a branch snapped with the sharp, popping crack of a small-caliber rifle. Sandy grabbed Abbie's jacket and ducked behind Kip's car. He was reaching for the pistol when Hyduk started laughing like a kid watching those cartoons where the Coyote hits the dirt and sinks 6 feet under while the Roadrunner goes beeping down the road.
"About time, Zack."
Out of the underbrush stepped a boy carrying an old M-1 rifle. The kid from the bank.
"I thought I taught you how to walk in the bush." Larry snapped, sounding just like Sandy. "You sounded like a jailhouse full of drunks out there."
The boy looked miserably at his boots.
"You had security detail. Do like that again and we could be dead."
"I was checkin' out the lake, Larry. Like you tole me. Heard the shots and ran my ass off. Never knew what slow was 'til I was tryin' to get back up those cliffs to you, Larry...."
It looked as if the boy was going to cry.
"Okay, okay, at ease, soldier," Hyduk said to him. "We'll work on it." He looked down at the three bodies.
"Any ID?"
"Zip," Sandy said.
Hyduk put his hand down to his leg. Pulling out his knife, he slit open the seams at the bottom of Kip's padded vest. Two small items fell out of the lining where they had been hidden. The first was a set of car keys. The second was a single key attached to a plastic tag that said in hot pink letters—SLEEP TITE MOTEL.
"Better take a look," Hyduk said, tossing the key to Sandy.
"What about the roadkill?"
"Case of right way, wrong way, my way," Hyduk said, picking up the shotgun. "Right way and wrong way is to go get the sheriff."
"Your way?" Abbie asked.
"The trunk." Sandy tried the keys. Inside were three one-gallon containers of gas.
"Were they that worried about running out?" Abbie said, her voice trailing off.
Hyduk laughed. "The only thing worrying them was the best way to burn your butt. That stuff's their charcoal lighter." He turned to Sandy. "All right," he said. "Let's dump these stiffs."
The job was messy—it left smears of blood on the bumper—but easy with two men. "Okay, I'll drive, you follow," Hyduk said, slamming the trunk shut. "You know the way. Just don't get so close this time."
Hyduk and Zack climbed in the blue Ford and started up the logging road. Spotting them a dozen car lengths, Sandy followed. Their convoy wound through the forest along the route they had taken the day before. "See that?" he said, when they reached the Y and the guardrail, swung it around slowly to the left fork. They got to the top just in time to hear Hyduk gun the engine. The driver's door flew open and he came rolling out as the blue Ford picked up speed and shot off the edge of the cliff, nosing down to the lake. The black wheels spun in the air, churning up a giant rooster tail of spray as the car sank.
"How deep?" Abbie asked Hyduk, who came up whacking snow off his arms and legs.
"Some people say three hundred feet. Might as well be bottomless."
"That where you wanted us, too, Larry?" Sandy said. "Yesterday, I mean."
"That was sort of up to you, Captain," Hyduk said. "Think about it."
Abbie suddenly realized that Larry sounded a lot like Nate. His tone stopped Sandy.
"Let me spell it out for you," Hyduk said. "Remember what they told you at Infantry School... impetuous advance? All that hell-for-leather, let's-go-gettem shit? Gets you killed, not the enemy, right? Way I saw it yesterday, if you had any sense, you were okay. You pulled an impetuous advance right up my ass, anything happened to you was your own damn fault."
A smile spread across Sandy's face. "Spoken like a sergeant major, Larry."
"Thanks for the promotion, Captain."
Abbie nudged the two of them toward the car. "What about the Sleep Tite? Shouldn't we do a bedbug run? What if there are more of them back in town?"
"Looked like full deployment to me," Hyduk said. "Zack and me are gonna work back to my place to make sure, you check out the motel."
Sandy frowned. Hyduk said, "Hell, Captain. No one down there. Tell you what, you keep the Uzi. Present from the dearly departed."
"You're giving me a jammer as a present, man? You sure you don't want me at the bottom of the lake?"
Hyduk thought about it. "You'll have the shotgun, too. I put it in your car." He pointed to Abbie. "Let her cover you. She ain't bad with the butt of that thing, anyway."
"Nah, Captain. Like I said, the Uzi's my present. Oil 'er up, take the mags apart, stretch the springs and give 'em a good oiling, you'll do better next time. Take these extra mags, too."
Sandy shut his eyes. Nate didn't have to be there. Now he had Hyduk.
They drove down the mountain. At the bridge, Hyduk and Zack got out and vanished into the woods after agreeing to meet them the next morning at 0700 hours. When they were gone, Sandy eased the car into gear and they started for town. About 20 miles an hour slower than they had driven the previous day. No more impetuous advances today. Abbie stretched out her hand and rubbed the back of his neck.
The Sleep Tite was a size-12 shoe box with half a dozen small rooms facing the road and four crumbling log cabins out back. The tag on the key said Cabin 3. The place was out of a bad film noir: a double bed with a sagging mattress and two singles, a rickety table covered with a red oilcloth, a couple of wooden chairs and a toilet with a rusting stall shower. It smelled of Lysol and bad sex.
Three small matching bags, black, heavy ballistic nylon, were tossed on the beds. The combination locks on the bags were made out of a lightweight metal Abbie had never seen before. Great luggage. She was working out the moral points of ripping off a hitman's carry-on when Sandy took Kip's knife from his pocket and slashed open all three bags. Out fell an assortment of radio gear and batteries, packs of cigarettes, and prescription bottle, a flashlight, a few keys. And three wallets.
Flipping two of them to her, Sandy started to go through the third.
They were all made of the same heavy black nylon as the flight bags. No photographs. Just a driver's license, a single credit card and a neat sheaf of $100 bills.
Abbie counted the money. Four grand in each wallet.
She was flipping bills. "Thirty-eight in here. He must have paid for the room."
"Two hundred bucks?" she said. "For this?"
"For shutting up."
The other two gunmen hadn't tapped their stash. The serial numbers were all consecutive. "They only dropped two bills, pups. Grattan said they were going around yesterday asking questions. That means they were here at least twenty-four hours. Let's say they dropped a hundred dollars on whoever changes the sheets and looks the other way out front. And let's say they had a steak and a few beers while they were getting ready to knock us off. That would have brought them pretty close to two hundred."
"So?"
"So how much did they spend on gas or cigarettes or those batteries or anything else you blow small change on when you hit the road? No way these guys flew commercial. And what about the guns? I mean, like I can just see them at the gate. 'Excuse us, ma'm, we'd like to check our artillery.' "
"So how did they get all those guns up here?"
"Beats me," Sandy said. "Maybe they have their own Air Force."
He tugged something from one of the wallets. "Look at this," he said. The driver's license was made out to Austin Kip, 1418 Jackson Terrace, Charleston, South Carolina. Height, weight, vitals looked accurate. "What do yours say?"
Abbie read from the licenses in her hand.
Howard Laneer, 1418 Jackson Terrace, Charleston, South Carolina.
Martin Cox, 1418 Jackson Terrace, Charleston, South Carolina.
She looked at the three credit cards. All were identical company cards in the name of Haskell Chemicals, also of 1418 Jackson Terrace, Charleston, South Carolina.
"No way they came from Charleston." Sandy shrugged. "Probably a vacant lot. Or some pet store with guppies in the window and Uzis in the cellar."
"Why did they need licenses anyway?" Abbie said.
"Minimum ID. They had to rent a car, this place. You can't put a car on a Lear jet and you can't fly a Hercules into Kalispell airport to offload a vehicle and a death squad without attracting a little attention." He stretched out his hand. "Let me see those again." She turned over the two licenses.
At the bottom of the three documents, a line in all but invisible type, said: _Issued in Halsted County, South Carolina_. "That should be a little closer to home," Sandy said.
On the wall next to the shower was a turquoise clock with a cord trailing down to the wall socket near the floor. About $125 at Back to the Fifties, a store one of Becca's pals owned. The clock said a quarter to seven.
"No way to fly out of here tonight," she said.
"No hurry."
Had she heard him right? "There's Larry in the morning. Here, let me show you something else." Drawing her over to the bathroom mirror, he rested his chin on her shoulder.
"Oh man," she whispered.
Her hair was snarled and full of pine needles. Under her eye, where Kip had whacked her, an indigo welt had spread across her cheek. Sandy's forehead was swollen. His hair was matted with dried blood, his own and Kip's. She was looking at Bonnie and Clyde.
Sandy took a washcloth, ran warm water on it. He dabbed away the blood on her face, as if he were a father patching up a child.
"You sure you're all right?" he said.
"No problem," she said, flinching as she touched the bruise on her cheek. "Do your dates always earn Purple Hearts?"
"Just you, Tiger," Sandy whispered, watching her eyes in the mirror. "Think we could use a shower?"
* * *
The next morning at six, they checked out of Grouse Mountain. Just out of town, a logging truck almost clipped them as it roared past them, belching black diesel exhaust. Abbie spilled her coffee. Sandy stopped and helped her wipe up the mess.
When they got to the bridge, Hyduk was sitting on a fallen log waiting for them.
"Thought you said oh-seven-hunnert."
His eyes wandered over the two of them as if he were patting them down.
Sandy looked at his watch. It was ten after seven.
"Sorry about being late, Larry. Had a little problem with a truck."
"Soldiers don't run late. Difference between life and death."
"Come on, Larry, you're the one who told me to slow down."
He felt Abbie's hand on his arm. Hyduk's eyes looked like L.A. smog on a bad day.
Sandy handed him the shotgun and the Uzis. They wouldn't exactly be assets at the airport. He kept the pistol. Then he gave Hyduk the three bags with the $12,000 from Haskell Chemicals.
"What's that?"
"Bounty on polecats. Buy yourself a new windshield."
Hyduk stuffed the wallets in his pocket. "You keep the bags."
"No, Larry," he said. " _You_ keep the bags. Dump 'em. We have to get rid of 'em."
"Okay," Hyduk said, grabbing the bags and heading back into the trees. "Gotta show you some stuff." Where the stream ran into the little meadow, he pointed to a rotting tree stump just beyond a stretch of reeds. "That's my dead-letter drop. Friend used to leave money for me there."
"Bob Hester?"
"That's right. He died, I had to go to the regular post office."
"That was twenty years ago. Why'd you keep it?"
"Training sticks. A rock on top means mail."
Moving up the trail, they came to the deadfall where Abbie had trashed Cox. Hyduk had laid the bodies of the two dogs off next to a deep hole. Zack was standing over them, a one-man honor guard. Hyduk took off their dog tags and held them in his hands, looking at them for a long moment. They clicked together as he dropped them back into his pocket. Picking up the bodies gently, he lowered them into the hole. Then he handed the shovel to Abbie, nodding at the pile of fresh dirt next to the grave. "You first," he said. "You're the one Mike and Jake saved."
He watched as she dropped a spade full of black earth on the dark brown bodies. Then he took the shovel and finished the job himself.
When he was done, he whirled around and threw the shovel up the trail with all his strength. It sailed through the air, the handle spinning, the tip sparking off an outcropping of rock.
The sparks detonated Hyduk.
"Get the fuck out of my life. Both of you."
"Easy, man." Sandy tried to put an arm around him. Hyduk furiously shook him off.
"Fuck you. Everything was cool here until you came and made a shit sandwich out of my life. I don't care about you, your dad or Vietnam. Whole goddamn war was an abortion. Fuck all that shit. We shouldn't have been there in the first place. I don't want to remember any of it. Get out of my face, man. Leave me alone. I was okay up here until you came. Now everything is fucked up—and Mike and Jake are dead."
He looked wildly at Abbie.
"I've lived here twenty years and never had no trouble. You're here five minutes and it's World War Three. A bunch of dead guys with a whole lot of friends back at wherever the fuck they come from, and that means more shit coming down the track. Bad, bad shit. Whythafuck don't you just get outta here?"
"Can it, Sergeant. Lock your heels together." The same tone of command that had snapped Hyduk out of it the first time.
Hyduk fell silent.
"Those dudes weren't looking for me," Sandy said. "Or her, either. They could've taken us out back at the lodge between hoisting one at the bar and having a piss. It was you they wanted."
"What do you mean?"
"You been paying your taxes, man?"
Hyduk's belly laugh echoed up the canyon. His mood swing broke. He picked up his rifle. With Zack covering the rear, they loped the rest of the way back to the bunker.
When they got there, Hyduk told them to wait for him inside while he posted Zack. After a few minutes, he ducked under the low entry-way. For half an hour he listened politely while Abbie told him everything she'd learned about ODA 351. Most of the time he looked bored. Finally, he stood up and started pacing back and forth across the bunker.
"Look, I see where you're coming from. I knew that stuff a million years ago. Nothing real new there." He picked up a brown felt marker and began fiddling with it absentmindedly. Abbie recognized the color. The marking on the after-action report at Suitland.
"What made you go chasing after it?" she said.
"It didn't make sense to me," he said. "I don't even know why. All I know is my brain kept telling me something was missing."
"Something was missing, all right—from your brain," Sandy said. "About half a quart of gray matter judging by those scars."
Abbie glared at him. Hyduk chuckled. "You're right, Captain, but that's not what I meant. I just kept having this feeling the picture played on past what I could remember. I tried everything. Checked all the reports, read all that stuff on the shelves, wrote down everything I could think of. But it won't come. Twenty years and the last of it won't come."
"Whatever the hell's missing," Sandy said, "we've got to figure out what it is before someone else finds you. They found you once, it's going to be easier next time. You're not safe here."
Hyduk shrugged. "Back to summer camp. I got two places," he said. "One for winter and one for the rest of the year. Only been here a week, but I guess Zack and I better pull back awhile."
"Good idea," Sandy said. "We'll leave our numbers with Grattan at Grouse Mountain Lodge. He's ex-SF."
Hyduk looked doubtful.
"Just in case you need to reach us. You can trust him. I get the feeling we're going to need each other. We've got to stay connected."
Suddenly Larry got up from the table. He was looking at Sandy as if he were someone he'd known a long time.
"Okay, Wolf," he said. "Siamese twins."
"I'm not Wolf," Sandy protested. He was no fucking menagerie. Hawk suited him fine.
"You are to me, man," Hyduk said. He smacked Sandy on the back. Then he walked them back to the brook.
#
FIFTY-FIVE
#
*** Whitefish ***
"Why don't you check in, pups? Better you deal with the pistol."
Before Sandy could say no, Abbie took off down the sidewalk in front of Glacier International Airport. On the way in, they'd passed a small hangar with a silver fuel tank and a dozen small planes tethered to the runway. Red and white Cessnas, mostly—one- and two-engine jobs—and one fine old Beechcraft Bonanza with an orange butterfly tail.
Glowering over them all, was an LS75 jet with two big fire burners aft and FC7–4502 lettered next to the door. Corporate. She'd jotted the numbers on her wrist. Leaving Sandy to handle their gear and turn in the rental, she backtracked through the parking lot, taking her bearings from the shimmering fuel tank in the distance.
At the far end of the lot, a gate led to the private section of the airport. Pushing it open, she stepped forward and headed for a shed near the silver tank. When she reached it, she saw a wooden sign posted next to the front door. In tall block letters, the sign said OFFICE. Below, in smaller letters, it said FLIGHT PLANS.
She knocked.
"It's open." The voice clear, high, came out of the metal shed like notes from a steel drum. Abbie stepped inside and found herself looking at a guy in mechanic's overalls. Very thin, very tall, very black. He was sitting at a small desk watching a micro TV. On the wall above his head was a faded poster of Bob Marley and the Wailers. In great swirls of black, the lettering, drooping like dreadlocks, spelled out the mellow moral: REGGAE RULES. An optimist.
"Don't get up," she said, as if that were even a possibility. "We just came in from Bozeman. My husband's over at the terminal picking up friends. We're heading right back."
"Flight plans in the basket," he said. Without taking his eyes from the tiny screen, he pointed a long finger to a table with two wire baskets. The one marked "Arrivals" was empty. Three or four forms lay on the bottom of the one that said "Departures."
"Will you sell me that Lear out there?" she said brightly. "God, I could get down to the Absarokas in ten minutes. Where did it come from?"
The thin man said nothing. From the TV, Abbie could hear Oprah doing her thing—how crash diets trigger binges.
"You mind if I check his flight plan?"
"Don't ask, don't tell, don't burn in hell," he said.
Abbie laughed. First time she'd heard FAA regulations delivered with a Montego beat.
"Sorry," she said. "I'll just drop off ours. I stick it in over there, right?"
"Mmmmmmmhhhmmm."
Shielding the two baskets with her back, she paged quickly through the forms in Departures. At the bottom was a plan filed by Earl Markham. Destination Rawlsville, South Carolina. The plane's number was FC7–4502.
Opening the door, she stopped and looked at the jet. A pilot in light khakis, too light for fall in Montana, was talking to an old man who was fueling the plane. Looking at his watch, he snapped something at the old guy, then swung through the aft door and stretched out on the last seat. He left the door open, as if he were expecting passengers.
The old guy topped off the aircraft and signaled to the driver to pull away. Abbie intercepted him as he headed for the shed. "Who do you have to be to come in on something like that?" she said, pointing to the Lear.
"Heavy hitters," he grunted. "Hunters. Least, _they_ thought so. Come in here from the East Coast with enough guns to take out half the elk in Flathead County. Thought they could do it in forty-eight hours. Earl over there has been waiting for 'em since last night. I asked him just now where those other boys were."
"No kidding. What did he say?"
"He told me to mind my own fuckin' business."
"Nice guy."
"They're all the same. Damn shame if a bear got his friends."
* * *
Still half an hour until boarding. When Abbie got back to the terminal, Sandy was looking restlessly out the windows toward the waiting 727. She slipped past him to the bank of phones at the end of the terminal, jacked in her laptop, and searched Rawlsville, South Carolina.
The only listing was something called "Raw Raw Rawlsville, Lenny Fanning's Home Page." As the page came up with something called "Raw Facts," Sandy saw her and started toward her. No time to study the page. Flicking the pointer she downloaded "Raw Facts," as Sandy came bearing down on her like an Abrams tank.
"Jesus, Abbie. Where were you? We've got to go through security."
"I've been checking something before we talk. You're going to like this one."
* * *
An hour later, Delta Flight 1062 was at cruise altitude over the Rockies, the Saw Tooth Range falling behind them, the wheat and potato of Idaho and northern Utah heaving into view up ahead. Abbie opened the laptop and punched up "Raw Facts."
Who's Horny at Parham High?
Bad Dudes Corner
Artie's Lips
42–24–36 [Site Under Construction]
A gag bag of adolescent smut.
She read the Teddy-wants-to-finger-fuck-Sally rundown on the hornies at Parham High. Then she checked out the photograph of Artie's mouth, pursed as if he were about to blow up a balloon. The picture showed no evidence of anything that looked like kissing technique or experience. "Artie's Tits and Hips" page was down.
She sat back in her seat. Twenty thousand years of technological progress at the service of a teenybopper's hard-on. It was an effort to call up "Artie's Bad Dudes Corner."
Hanging out at the corner, she found a listing for Howie Mason, who had farted three times in October during the Pledge of Allegiance. Tanner Gorden was there because he had chugged three Buds and tossed his guts in the swimming pool and they had to drain it because Mr. Jefferson, the principal, believed it when Tanner said he thought he had mono. George Torrence made it for owning volume one, number one of _Wired_ magazine, the one with the dweeby-looking guy in glasses on the cover who was in reality the supercool Bruce Sterling, the same Bruce who had "seen the future of war."
Abbie was reaching for delete when she saw the last name on the list: Artie Fanning.
Short-circuiting in contradictions as only a post-twelver can, Artie had chosen to list his own accomplishments as properly as if he were applying for his driver's permit.
Arthur Fanning
1849 Laurel Drive
Rawlsville, South Carolina, 11967
Phone: 208 453 862 2202
Fax: Don't I wish
E-mail lenfan@aol.com
Mom: Allegra Fanning, Managing Director, Charleston
Ballet
Dad: Harold Fanning, Engineer, T.C. Johnson
How could she have missed it back at the airport?
T. C. Johnson. The merry messenger.
Oh shit. Oh yes.
She pulled the cell phone from the back of the seat in front of her. The desk clerk at Grouse Mountain Lodge put her through to Grattan.
"Tim, it's Abbie."
"Where you callin' from, the car wash?"
"No, from thirty-three thousand feet. Listen, I'm here with Sandy. We'll be in Charleston or Rawlsville, South Carolina, tonight. I'll tell you why later. You remember that story you told us about the major who got pissed to the gills and started bad-mouthing Sandy's dad?"
"Yep."
"The guy got a name?"
"Yep. Hard one to forget."
"What was it?"
"We were shitfaced and when the club closed we drove into town. Went to this great new place in Fayetteville. Special ops joint."
"Don't tell me. Was it the Valley of the Shadow?"
"How'd you know that?"
"I'm just an old camp follower, Tim. Who was the sloshed major?"
"I'll never forget. His name tag was sorta funny."
"What do you mean?"
"Well, here's this guy dumping shit on everyone, but the tag said his name was Fair."
"Remy Fair?"
"Yeah, Major Remington Fair. Like the rifle. Man, he was on full automatic that night."
In the seat next to the window, Sandy had his eyes closed, but she knew he was listening. Let him wait. She thanked Grattan and rang off, then pressed the button for the flight attendant and asked him for a blanket.
While the attendant was gone, Abbie pulled up the armrests between her seat and Sandy's. He kept his eyes closed the whole time. What would he try next? The fake snore?
The attendant came back and handed her two beige blankets wrapped in plastic. Abbie took them out, spread them across her lap and Sandy's. Then she reached underneath and grabbed his crotch.
"All mine," she whispered.
To her amazement, he didn't move. Then she remembered the Game of Smiles.
"I love you," he said. "And not just because you Number One Blanket Girl."
He opened his eyes. Abbie put her fingers on his lips to make him shut up.
"I do love you, Abbie."
She slid her hand up onto his arm. "Now that you mention it," she said, "I think I've got the same problem."
#
FIFTY-SIX
#
**Rawlsville * South Carolina**
Ed Train felt sleepy. It was 10:45 in the Game Room, 4:45 in Naples, nearly noon in Seoul. Train had a case of ragged nerves for every time zone. He was reading a report on metal fatigue in landing gears when Earl Markham mashed the button outside and stepped into the security lock.
Train glanced up through the bulletproof glass. Markham looked like shit. He hadn't shaved for three days, he had bags under his eyes, his shirt and pants looked like he'd been trying to screw all night without taking them off. And he was alone.
Seven hours earlier, when Markham's Code Red had come in, Train had relayed it immediately to Max. Now the reply was lying on the table in front of him, giving off a faintly radioactive glow. "Find those dipshits."
Train pressed the security lock release and Markham stepped into the room. He was walking with the stiff gait of a guy who had too much blood in his feet after a long flight at high altitude and a falling-rock landing.
"Where the fuck are they?" Train asked, dispensing with small talk.
"Jupiter, for all I know. Maybe Mars."
Train looked at Markham as if he were a bug that had just poked its head out of a rotting stump.
"Save the gags, I'm not laughing." He shoved the message over to Markham, who read it and slumped into a chair.
"Kip told me he figured six, maybe eight hours tops," he said. "When they didn't show up, I thought maybe his timing was just a little off. Nothing I could do but stay parked at the strip. When they got back we'd have to be leaving quick, know what I mean? Thirty-six hours. Zip."
"You just sit there?"
"Come on, Train. I don't like flashing Red any more'n you do."
"Okay, okay. What else you got?"
"I went into town, checked where they were staying. Room's empty. Gear's gone, beds made, toilets cleaned."
"You telling me they checked out?"
"Guy in the office says he never saw them split. He was back in Cabin Seven banging his old lady. Saw their bags were gone, twenty bucks on the dresser. Figured they just didn't want to screw up his good time."
Train rubbed his temples. He felt a migraine coming on. "What about the rental?"
"Disappeared."
"So where'd they go? Three men and a car don't just disappear from the face of the earth." Train didn't believe in alien abductions. What he believed in was the sanctity of contracts. When you took on a job, you fulfilled your obligation. You didn't flash Code Red and come crawling back with your tail between your legs.
"What about Hyduk and the others?"
"Them, too."
"What are you saying to me, Earl?" His voice dropped, but Markham didn't pick up on it.
"They're gone, too, all three of them."
"Any other good news?"
"Yes. It's a small town. People talk. I passed the word around the airport that our boys were staying on a few days and going out commercial if I couldn't get back in time."
"Good thinking. Better go get some sleep."
Markham stepped toward the security lock. "Uh uh, Earl," Train snapped. He nodded toward the bunk room behind him. "Crash back there. I get this feeling there'll be some questions."
Markham shrugged. Tossing off a mock salute, he went back and dropped into the rack. Within a minute, Train could hear him breathing deeply, zee-d away into dreamland.
Nothing for it. He sat down at the computer and banged out an advisory. "Team Beta MIA. Markham's back. Says they 'flat disappeared.' " He encrypted the message, sent it, then made a new pot of coffee and sat down to wait.
Half an hour later, a red light began to flash on the black panel that controlled the scrambler phone.
"Do I have it right?" The voice sounded as if Train had just called in with leprosy.
" 'Fraid so."
"Fix it."
"Look," Train said, scrambling for time. "It's gonna take me fourteen hours to bring Alpha back in from Bahrain. But I've already given them a warning order and we can move out again as soon as they get here."
He looked over at the light on the scrambler panel. The line was still open. It sputtered back to life. "Not good enough. You fly commercial to Whitefish today and have Markham bring me and Team Alpha out there tomorrow."
"Wilco."
"Find out what happened to our people. But what we really need to know is what happened to the targets. I don't care if you have to nuke the whole state of Montana—neutralize them."
#
FIFTY-SEVEN
#
**Moncks Corner * South Carolina**
The Inn at Moncks Corner loomed up out of the darkness like a set for _Gone With the Wind_. Along the lane running up to the white plantation house, lights tucked in the shrubbery played across the limbs of ancient oaks where the Spanish moss hung like pale green lace.
It was nearly 9:00 P.M. The backseat of the four-wheel Sandy and Abbie had picked up at the Charleston airport was loaded with their luggage and two grocery bags of junk food from a 7-Eleven in Mount Holly. A black bellman in white trousers and a white vest came across the veranda to take their bags. A full moon shimmered through the oaks. After Whitefish, the evening felt almost tropical.
"I need you, Scarlett," Sandy whispered. He ran his hand over the small of Abbie's back.
"Right now, Rhett, what I need is Tara. Let's check in."
Their room had soft old wallpaper with white camellias and a backdrop of dark green leaves. The crystal bowl on the dresser was full of dried flower petals. Between two tall windows looking out over a garden stood an old four-poster, French by its spindles, with a gauzy canopy and matching dust ruffle. Sandy looked dubiously at the bed.
" 'Fraid you might break something, pups?" Abbie asked as she dropped her blouse on a chair and headed for the bathroom. "Hope they have insurance."
He heard the sound of running water. Nearly ten hours since they left Whitefish. Washing the smell of peanuts and stale air out of her hair. She'd be in there a long time. He picked up the phone and dialed a number.
"Who's this callin' me in the middle of the night? Go bother someone else, man."
"Hey, Nate, don't hang up. It's me. It's only nine-thirty, man."
A pause at the other end of the line. "That really you?"
"Yeah."
"No shit. Captain Phantom himself? With your permission, sir, where the fuck are you?"
"Moncks Corner, Sarge. About a hundred fifty miles due south of your position."
There was a short silence, as if Nate were checking a mental map. "First good news out of you since Zagreb. So steal a vehicle and get up here."
"Can't, Nate. Not for a while."
A longer silence this time. "Look, Captain. Major Thayer called me in this morning. Wanted to know when your leave was up. It don't make him happy seeing my ass all around Bragg and no sighta yours."
"What did you tell him?"
"Told him you had four days left, but you might need more. Had to make sure your granddaddy was doin' okay with his busted leg."
"What'd he say?"
"Playin' nurse to a four-star got his attention."
Sandy looked over at the bathroom door. He heard Abbie turning off the shower.
"I'm in the middle of it."
"Yeah, sounds like you are."
"That's not what I'm saying. I was in a firefight yesterday that was serious shit. Abbie turned up this guy from my dad's old outfit in the Nam. The minute we get there, three guys packing serious heat tried to blow us away."
"Where they now?"
Over the line, Sandy could hear Nate's voice drop out of ass-kick overdrive. "Tell you when I see you. Let's just say we're okay, they're not."
Nate whistled. "Who the fuck were they?"
"That's what we're trying to find out. Whoever sent the Three Amigos is still out there looking for us. We're guessing they had some kind of connection to T. C. Johnson in Rawlsville."
"T. C. Johnson? Guns 'R Us? If you don't mind my sayin' so, Captain, jivin' around Zagreb for a coupla days is one thing. I dunno about this shit."
"I'm in too deep."
"So now you got your own personal death squad on your ass, that what you tellin' me? Where'd you get your brains? The PX?"
Sandy smiled. He had Nate now. "Do we have any friends in there, Sarge? Half the Army must've left to get on T. C. Johnson's tit. I need someone in security."
Master sergeants don't sigh. The sound Nate made was more like the snort of an old cow horse watching a rider walk up in jodhpurs.
"All right, all right. Give me your number. I'll get back to you ASAP."
"Thanks, Nate."
"Don't thank me. Like I said, you're runnin' out of time faster'n I'm runnin' outta lies. You just lucky Thayer's one of the new breed of SF field graders, Hawk. Otherwise you'd be in a mean hurt."
* * *
Sandy put down the receiver. Idly, he poked his finger into the bowl of petals on the dresser. They gave off a faint scent of roses and violets. Behind him, he heard the bathroom door open. When he turned around, he saw Abbie, her hair still damp from the shower, coming toward him. She was wearing one of his tee shirts, nothing else. Must've pulled it out of his bag while he was on the phone. The brown cotton shirt covered her shoulders and breasts, stopping just short of her thighs. When she got to him, she took off his dog tags and slipped them over her head.
"Okay," she said. "Who am I?"
"Private Benjamin." His throat felt thick.
She frowned. "Pretty weak. That the best you can do?"
"The French Lieutenant's woman."
"Getting warmer."
Through the damp tee shirt he could see her nipples. He put his finger forward, but she pulled away. Her eyes were laughing at him. "You _are_ getting warmer."
Dancing over to the foot of the four-poster, she picked up the bags from the 7-Eleven and emptied them onto the bed—Sun Chips, Cabot low-fat cheese slices, a can of walnuts, a loaf of raisin bread, half a six-pack of beer. The empty loops from the missing cans dangled from the rest of the pack like enormous plastic earrings.
"But first we eat."
He was washing his hands when the phone rang.
" 'Lo, Nate," Abbie said. "Wish you were here." She handed Sandy the phone and stretched out on the bed. The brown tee shirt rode up over the darker patch of her bush.
"I got someone for you, Captain," Nate said.
"Figured you would. Who is it?"
"Guy's name is Barry. Fen Barry. Fenton, but I wouldn't call him that. He don't like it."
"He any good?"
"Real good, sounds like. Special Forces, recon man. Left after Desert Storm. Little-bitty guy, but don't let it fool you. Third Dan black belt. Some of that kung fu shit. Kill your ass faster'n you can say mama."
"What's he doing working for T. C. Johnson?"
"Ask him. Gettin' by, I guess. Nuthin' bad on him I could find."
"You know him?"
"Nah, but I asked a coupla friends. They say you can trust him."
"Got a number?"
"Jesus, Captain, don't do that. The man says don't call him—he'll meet you in the morning."
"Where?"
"Davis Lodge outside Bonneau. Fishing place maybe ten miles from Rawlsville. He said meet him for breakfast at eight o'clock. His shift don't start until three."
"Thanks again, Nate."
"No problem, but you think about what I said. This whole thing's a bad idea, Captain."
"You got a better one?"
"Damn right, I do. Drop it and get back up here. Bring Miss Daisy."
"Won't work."
"Yeah, I know."
"I'm going to find out what this shit is all about, Nate."
Silence.
"Like I said, clock's runnin' against you."
* * *
Sandy replaced the receiver and looked at the bed. The moment had passed. Abbie's eyes were closed. Kicking off his shoes, he lay down next to her. No vital signs. He touched her bare stomach below the tee shirt line.
"Let's give it a rest," she said.
He moved his hand up to her breast.
Without opening her eyes, she took his hand away, dropping it on the dark green quilt between them. Then she turned toward him and nuzzled her head into his shoulder.
"Just hold me, pups," she whispered. "I need you to hold me."
They fell asleep on top of the covers.
#
FIFTY-EIGHT
#
*** Bonneau ***
Sandy pulled into the gravel behind the Davis Lodge. He parked between a greasy Peterbilt tractor missing its rig and a banged-up pickup hitched to a trailer with a bass boat. Except for one detail, the Davis Lodge was redneck pure. The detail was the Litespeed racing bike leaning against the wall next to the rear door.
It was a Vortex, the cold-worked-titanium frame a bright-brushed phoenix red. The bike had a Time Equipe fork and Campagnolo Record componentry: Record crank set, chainings, derailleurs and brakes with TTT Forma 2 handlebars, a yellow Avocet titanium saddle and alloy nipples. Not just another two-wheeler.
In the cafe, a bored waitress was behind the counter bent over an old copy of _Glamour_ , smoking a Camel. She ignored them.
"That you, Captain Caine?"
The voice came from a half-hidden booth jammed next to an unplugged Wurlitzer jukebox on the far side of the room. The guy was short and lean, all muscle. Abbie put him at about five-foot-five. He looked like he had gotten lost on the Tour de France. Black bicycle shorts stretched tautly over his thighs. A matching jersey with the number 23 stitched on the chest and the word SECURITY on the back clung to his body. He had a red-and-black-striped racing cap pushed back on his head.
"Fen Barry," he said, sticking out his hand. "Heard you could use some help."
"Sandy Caine. This is Abigail Mancini."
"Abbie," she said. "That Vortex outside is yours, right?"
"Only one in Rawlsville," he said, grinning at her. "I kill 'em."
"I bet this place does, too." She studied Barry more closely. He had to be over forty, but he looked half that. His hair was light brown and his eyes were hazel. An average-looking guy she'd have trouble picking out of a lineup. "You won't find anyone from T. C. Johnson hanging in here," he said. "You ever see the face on a retired three-star if some pork chop calls him Bubba? Stars travel in packs."
Sandy took out his wallet and flipped the IDs from the Sleep Tite across the table to Barry. "These guys got anything to do with those generals of yours up the road? One of them was named Kip. That's what the others called him."
Barry examined the cards.
"His favorite word was 'hon.' " Abbie said, breaking into Sandy's rap. Barry banged his cup on the table. At the sound, the waitress clumped out of the kitchen to refill it. He handed the cards back to Sandy.
"Oh shit, yes, I've seen these guys around. They hang out with Ed Train. I saw Kip over in Loomis hitting on this young girl with giant jugs. He called her Hon, too—until she called him Grampa and told him to fuck off."
Abbie remembered the hungry eyes and creepy hands. "What did he do?"
"Popped her. Right across the mouth. Must've broken a couple of her teeth on his hand. He was bleeding like a stuck pig when he left."
"Anyone call the cops?"
Barry looked at her as if she were a Camp Fire Girl wailing "No fair."
"Not the way it works around here. T. C. Johnson owns this county. Everything and everyone in it. The girl wasn't exactly selling it that night. She wasn't a hooker. But she'd been around for a couple of weeks with those jugs hanging over the bar and that meant they weren't just hers anymore. Kip thought he owned shares in 'em. Like they was part of his 401K or something."
"So how did it come out?"
"She went over to the sheriff's office and bitched. Can't say I blame her for it."
"And?"
"Sheriff told her to find a new town with a good dentist."
"The bastard."
Barry shrugged. "Name of the game. You don't want to play, find yourself a new town."
"We need to know where Kip lived," Sandy said. "Can you get us keys, a rundown on his security system, password, number codes?"
"Jesus, you don't want much, do you?" Barry looked up from his plate. "Okay, no promises, but I'll try."
"What about Train?" Sandy said. "Any chance you're talking about Midnight Train?"
"Roger that. Midnight Train from Pleiku. Black ops. The Montagnards called him Big Train."
"You never hear him until he hits you, right?"
"That's what they say. Same guy."
"What's he do for T. C. Johnson?"
Barry looked into his coffee as if he expected Train to look back up from the cup. "Vice President—you're gonna like this one—for Special Projects.
"I don't know what kind of projects, but Kip works for him. So do the other two. You see them eating together, talking, know what I mean? Kip lives out by the golf course. The other two could be married, kids, live in one of the company crescents."
Sandy gathered the cards and handed them back to Barry.
"Think you could dig up anything more?"
"Maybe. Maybe not. Why should I?"
"Maybe it's better you don't know."
"You sound just like Train. Forget it." Barry finished off the dregs of his coffee and thumped the cup for the check.
"All right," Sandy said. "Day before yesterday your buddies tried to put Abbie and me into body bags. I'd like to see they don't get another chance."
Barry leaned back in his chair, absorbing this news. "Whyn't you say so before, Captain?"
"You didn't ask."
"You could go to the cops."
"Like you said, that's not the way it works down here. Besides, maybe when Kip grabbed Abbie, she popped him."
Barry broke into a laugh. "You're General Caine's son, right?"
"Grandson."
"Close enough. I've heard about you. Somalia, right? Tell you what. Give me a couple hours and I'll do some sniffing around." He stood up to go. "You get the check, man. Putting you two on the expense account sounds like a good way to get killed."
He started for the rear door, a little guy built like a taut roll of wire.
"Why are you doing this?" Sandy called after him.
At the door, Barry stopped and turned around. "The thing is, I don't like guys called Big." He pulled the door shut behind him.
#
FIFTY-NINE
#
*** Rawlsville ***
"You ever see a town so clean?"
While Sandy drove, Abbie took in the well-scrubbed face of Rawlsville. Along Twining Avenue, the town's prosperity gleamed from the brightly polished store windows. Ann Taylor and the Gap, everything handsome, well made, middle class. She remembered the empty windows in Pittsfield, the opposite end zone in a zero-sum economy. For every winner a loser. Around Rawlsville, a lot of people were winning.
After Barry had pedaled off, Sandy had spent some time on the phone with Nate up at Fort Bragg. She'd called the _Chronicle_ to check out Rawlsville. The company had moved its headquarters and main assembly plant to the eastern reaches of Halsted County. In the early eighties, surfing aggressively along the rising wave of defense spending during Ronald Reagan's first term, T. C. Johnson had bought thousands of acres of exhausted farmland and turned them into a model city with its own industrious soul.
The lawns were all uniformly green and neatly trimmed. No litter anywhere. The traffic flowed placidly. Everyone came to a full stop at stop signs. No one ran yellow lights.
"Do you believe this place?" Sandy said. "Disneyland's version of an Army base. Everything's new, even the people."
He turned onto LeMay Lane, where the two-story brick houses were arranged like an old-fashioned row of officers quarters. Paint them red instead of slate gray and downsize a little and you could be at Fort Bragg, he thought to himself.
"You're right. They're all young or middle-aged, Stepford types. Real scary," Abbie said.
She was reading names aloud from the company roster that Barry had left with them. Retired generals and colonels retro-fitted as vice presidents for everything from systems analysis to research and development to public affairs. At T. C. Johnson, the revolving door was spinning at mach speed.
Under Special Projects, she found Edward Scott Train, Lt. Col. U.S. Army, (ret.). Unlike the company's other divisions, Special Projects had no telephone extensions, no fax number, no e-mail address and no staff list.
Beyond the production facilities, Titan Crescent wound past the country club, wandering for a distance through the golf course. Sandy checked the clock on the dash. Eleven-thirty. He dropped into low. In front of the houses along the curving street, the names on the mailboxes were in small black letters, as if the owners didn't care for visitors.
The name on the box in front of the third house to the right was Cox.
Sandy parked and walked back to the Cox place. In the mailbox he found the morning newspaper and a telephone bill postmarked the previous day. Taped next to the buzzer was an overnight UPS advisory. The driver had tried to deliver a package at eight-fifteen that morning.
He got back into the car, made a turn on Freedom Drive and followed the bright green signs with the little carts on them to the golf course, the big clubhouse beyond the eighteenth hole, a caddy shack out back with rental clubs and spikes for drop-by guests. On the wall of the caddy shack, there was a pay phone. Sandy called Barry.
"Your party's not here," Barry said in a low whisper, as if half the company might be listening over his shoulder. "Sometimes he goes over to Bradley Park during lunch hour. You might get lucky and find him there." He rang off.
They wasted an hour exploring the rest of town. At a quarter after twelve, they drove through the white brick gatehouse into Bradley Park. The red Vortex was leaning against the side of the gardener's shed. Out back, invisible from the road, Barry was sitting on the grass. He looked up and handed Sandy a small envelope.
"Key's in there and the dope on the security system. Kip's place is off the fourteenth fairway."
"Thanks, man." Sandy pocketed the envelope and started to walk away. Behind him, he heard Barry scratching his shoulders against the wall of the shed. "Watch your back, Captain," Barry said. "I got a very bad feeling about all of this."
For a few minutes Sandy and Abbie sat in the four-wheeler studying their map. A red flash spurted past them, shooting through the park gate and out into Rawlsville. Abbie watched the Vortex disappear. "They teach you that in SF, pups?"
Sandy folded the map and started the engine.
"Roller blading, too."
They drove back to the golf course and parked behind the clubhouse. In the caddy shack, the rental kid fixed them up with shoes, a cart and two bags of clubs. All charged to Ed Train. No problem.
The cart scooted them along a neatly trimmed path to the fourteenth tee. Off to the left, about 200 yards down the fairway, Kip's house peered out from behind the rough. Squaring off with a driver, he sliced the ball directly into the rough in front of their objective. They piled back into the cart and rolled slowly down the fairway. Sandy hid the cart in behind a stand of scrub pines.
"Let's go."
Kip's front door was 20 yards in front of them. The key worked on the first try. He punched the six numbers into the security box, disarming the system. "We're in."
Shutting the door behind him, he waited until his eyes adjusted to the change in light. In front of him was a small living room with a long brown Afghani tribal rug on the floor. On the wall above the TV was a locked gun case with half a dozen rifles, American, Swedish, Soviet, Israeli. Something for every season.
Sandy snapped on the wall switch. The place was a trophy room.
Photographs covered three walls. The pictures were sharp, expert, the settings exotic: Kip with his arm around a Colonel Remirez, the younger man's face cratered by smallpox. A corpse in white cotton shirt and trousers lay face upward at their feet. By the face, the kid was about sixteen. El Salvador, probably.
The rest of the gallery expanded the theme. There was Kip, younger, standing behind Lon Nol, looking like an onion in a petunia patch. Kip next to Nguyen Cao Ky at the Citadel in Hue. Kip bent over a Stinger missile, showing the ropes to half a dozen Afghani mujahedeen.
Around the walls it went, good causes and bad, all jumbled, hot days, terrible nights, all forgotten.
And then a prizewinner. A foursome: Kip and an Argentinean colonel standing on a landing zone in the rotor wash of an Argy Huey. Watching an older man unassing the bird, his face in perfect focus.
Gus Buell.
The picture was signed and dated _Valdos, Argentina, 20 Dec_., _1983_. Below the chopper's skids, Buell had written, _For Kip. One of America's finest fighting soldiers. Keep slugging for freedom. Gus_.
Kip had decorated the last wall with two paintings. The first was a large picture of a naked Indian dancer. She had a red caste mark on her forehead and a green emerald in her navel. The second was an old chromo lithograph of Rembrandt's "Man in the Golden Helmet," mounted in a heavy gilt frame and tilted as if someone had been interrupted in the middle of hanging it.
Below the painting was one of those optical illusion statues soldiers and sailors bring back from the Far East. The subject was Don Quixote, the mad knight errant, in a sloping helmet. Turned slightly, the shape shifted into a giant, tumescent cock.
Abbie looked at it curiously. She hadn't gotten the sight gag yet. Give her time.
Sandy tossed the rest of the room and came up with nothing. The exercise was just beginning to annoy him when Abbie handed him Kip's Rolodex. Flipping through, he found numbers for Remy and Gus.
Before he relocked the door, he stopped for a moment to adjust "The Man in the Golden Helmet."
When he touched the frame, Kip's backup alarm shrieked like a banshee.
_Screeeeeeeeewaaaawaaaaaaascreeeeeeewaaaaaawaaaaaaaaascreeeeeee_.
Sandy grabbed the Rolodex. "Come on, my love," he said. "We've got to get out of here."
"What did you say?"
"I said, move."
"That's not what you said."
Seizing her hand, he pulled her through the door and across the yard until her speed came up and she was running as fast as he was. Panting, they reached the golf cart under the pines. Ten minutes later, they dropped the cart behind the clubhouse and went into the bar.
"You members?" the bartender said, putting down his towel. "Don't think I've seen you before."
"Guests," Abbie said. "Ed Train's." Kurt would be proud.
"Didn't mean to hassle you," the bartender said quickly. "What are you drinking?"
"Dewar's. Two fingers. Neat." Abbie smiled at him.
"Where's your pay phone?" Sandy felt his hip pocket. Wallet in place. Plastic intact.
"Over there by the men's locker room. Whole bank of 'em."
When the barman returned with the scotch, Abbie knocked back half the glass and waited for the warmth to unclench her stomach. "Where did you learn to do that?" the barman said.
"Finishing school. You ever heard of the Valley of the Shadow?"
Sandy came back. His face looked like a Japanese mask.
"What's wrong, pups?"
"I called the General. Melba answered the phone, Abbie. Know what she told me?"
The bartender brought them two fresh glasses of scotch. "Compliments of the house," he said.
"Shoot."
"She said the General was over at Gus's office. He's been there all day. Remy Fair was the third member of their little party."
Abbie knocked over her glass. The scotch spilled across the mahogany bar like a bloodstain. "No way. No way, pups. I don't believe it."
"Believe it. The General knows everything. He's known since day one."
#
SIXTY
#
*** Rock Creek Park ***
Delta Flight 217 made a sweeping turn to the north. Off the port wing, the sun dropped like a copper penny through a narrow black slot in the crimson clouds. Marv was waiting for them at National. She'd called him on the flight phone. His face fell when he saw Sandy walking down the sidewalk next to her. But by the time they hit the first light in Arlington, he'd recovered. He was whistling softly when they drove up in front of the General's house. Sandy pulled out his wallet and handed the cabbie a fifty. "Get my girl home."
Twenty minutes later, Marv dropped her in front of her own door. She reached for her bag. In the mirror, Marv was smiling. "You're covered. The guy's a spender."
The house was dark. In the kitchen, she turned on the lights and punched the button on the answering machine.
"Look, darlin', I know it's late, but I'm feelin' lonely and I got this quart of Ben and Jerry's and two spoons. Come on over, it's Cherry Garcia and..."
Oh Becca. She hit the skip button.
"It's Julian. Your senator wants to get moving sooner, not later. Call me."
She could let that one wait until tomorrow.
"Remembered something big. When you comin' back? Zack and me left the cee-pee. At summer camp now. First left past the log chute. See ya. _De Oppresso Liber_ , folks."
She hit play again. "Abbie, darlin', I beg you, save me from myself..."
Becca was starting to sound stoned. Punch, skip...
"Barry here. Something stinks. Guys you were talking about all work for Ed Train in Special Projects. The computer lit up like Las Vegas when I punched them in. I couldn't get access this morning, but I did a little hacking. Kip and Cox were both special ops heavies, Delta, CIA. Still trying to get a line on the third shooter. Train might be running some private ops. I'll keep you posted."
The pencil snapped in her hand. Upstairs, she heard a soft noise, like someone drawing a deep breath. She took Kip's pistol out of her suitcase. "Who's up there?" she shouted, trying to sound as butch as Becca. "Who's up there? I'm warning you, I've got a gun." When she reached the landing, she saw the window was open. The only sound was her curtains, rustling in the wind.
Four houses down, Trask watched his gear switch from record to standby. He touched the soft cotton pad taped to the back of his head. Damp. He'd have to change the dressing. Fucking lucky bitch. Wouldn't happen that way twice.
He reached up to his throat and fingered a key on the chain hanging around his neck. The key fit the lock on the STU phone on his table. Special Telephone Unit. Put in the key, scramble the message. Lose the key and you were in serious shit. He slipped the key into the slot on the phone, lifted the receiver and said two words. "She's back." Oh yes, the bitch was back.
How much could you scramble two words? In the darkness, he tried it. Probably sound like Donald Fucking Duck. _Ahhhhssssbbbbssssseeeekebbbbb_.
On the table next to the STU phone, his 9-millimeter was lying in its black goatskin holster. An old guy in Lisbon had made it for him one of the times when he'd stayed over on his way home from Angola. He checked the clip mechanically, clicking it back in with the palm of his hand, looking at the phone.
All he wanted was one word, he didn't give a fuck how they scrambled it.
Terminate.
#
SIXTY-ONE
#
*** Arlington ***
Sandy started up the long stone walk to the General's house. A light rain began to fall. In the darkness, he could hear his running shoes squeaking on the damp fieldstones beneath his feet.
Two old carriage lamps flanked the front door. In their glow, the door looked unnaturally white against the night. In his mind, betrayal was spreading like an oil slick. It was like stepping out onto a newly painted floor by mistake and not being able to get back. Each sticky step forward ruined the surface below your feet, each little skid threatened to take you all the way down.
Squeak, squinch.
He set down his bag and took off his shoes. No noise. Not tonight. Through his socks, the stone felt cold but reassuring. His balance came back. He knew what he had to do.
The door was unlocked. That surprised him. The General was a security freak. Melba must have forgotten to lock up. Silently he turned the knob and stepped into the hall. From the kitchen the smell of rosemary and roasting lamb. At the head of the hall, light leaking around the door to the library. He heard music, something old, slow playing on the stereo.
As Sandy got closer to the door, he heard Sinatra singing, young Frankie, not the old guy with the rug and the busted pipes.
The General didn't believe in tape recorders or compact discs. He had a three-speed Garard turntable from the early 1950s. Museum piece. Still played 45s and 78s. The record was scratchy. The General was lost in his own blues somewhere in the thirties. The high trumpet of Harry James covered Sandy's final approach.
For the first time in his life, he didn't knock. The door was slightly ajar. Slowly he pushed it open.
The General was sitting at his desk, back to the door, staring out the French windows into the darkness. Immersed in the song. He always played it when he was feeling morose. One of the first big hits for Sinatra and James. August of '39. The Germans going into Poland. Elizabeth Putnam and John Pershing Caine trying to make love, not war. The new James Orchestra, only a year old, with this singing waiter named Francis Sinatra. A bit bottom drawer for Elizabeth. She loved opera. Lawrence Tibbett. The General was the one crazy for Benny Goodman. The Dorseys. So what would it be when Major Caine had leave and they could go up to New York? The Met or the Cotton Club?
Sinatra sang on as the old man sat in the night and dreamed of his young wife.
The jacket of the General's suit was draped over a hanger on the back of the door. The light of the desk lamp, set to low, played across his powerful neck and unstooped shoulders, softening the neatly clipped line of his steel-gray hair.
Sandy looked at the neck. How easy it would be. Two steps across the carpet, snap the cervical vertebra, crush the backbone. Two, three seconds...
He moved forward on the balls of his feet and put his hand on the General's shoulder, expecting him to jump halfway to the ceiling. The General didn't move.
"I've been expecting you," he said.
Slowly the old man turned his desk chair around. In his hand was a hog-shank .45. Pointed at Sandy's chest. A quick, reflexive look. The safety was off. The whole time the old man had been watching him in the reflection of the French doors. The light, the music, the turned back. An ambush.
"Sit down," the General said, pointing the barrel of the weapon at the big leather chair next to the stereo. "Over there where I can see you."
Sandy raised his hands and lowered himself into the chair.
"You can put your hands down. You won't be needing them, I'd say, unless you want to be out there in the garden on your back, watering the patio."
"How did you know I was coming? Remy tip you?"
"Why do you say that?"
"You were with him this afternoon, weren't you?"
"That's right."
"And Gus?"
"Right again."
"Then you know damn well why I'm asking. Fuck you, General. Go ahead, shoot."
He leaned forward, clenching the arms of the chair as if he meant to get up.
"Don't do it," the General said, wagging the .45 at his chest. "You think I want to kill you. Have I got that right, son?"
Son?
The word startled Sandy. He glanced across the room. The .45 was still leveled at him. The General was aiming just below the neck. "A guy named Kip just tried to take me down in Montana. Why did the sonuvabitch have a signed picture of Gus on his wall? Quit screwing around with me. Shoot." He no longer gave a flying fuck.
"No one's screwing around with you, son. Dr. Hastings is on his way over. I called him after you started ranting and raving to Melba. We've got a bed for you in a nice quiet little place over in Rectortown. When are you supposed to be back at Bragg? I'll buy you some time and we'll get you squared away. No one needs to know."
"Another cover-up, is that it?"
"If you want to put it that way—as I said, no one needs to know."
"Do they give ratings for cover-ups around here? You must be Sharpshooter by now."
"Easy, son."
The General was talking softly, soothing him, as if he were talking to a freaked-out combat case, as if...
"My God, you think I'm nuts. You don't know, do you?" He studied the old man's face. The General didn't know how to lie.
"I know you're not yourself. You call Melba and when she says I'm over at Gus's office with Remy you go off like a Cruise missile carrying on about people trying to kill you. What else am I supposed to know?" The General's expression didn't change. But he did lower the .45, resting it on his knee. "I'll give you exactly thirty seconds to explain yourself."
The .45 was the sidearm the General had carried all through World War II, Korea and Vietnam. He kept it in the desk drawer for sentimental reasons. Sandy had always wondered if it was loaded, but had never bothered to check. He wasn't going to now. "Better put it back on safety, sir," he said. "Thirty seconds won't do it for this one."
The General snapped on the safety.
"I'm not trying to kill you, Alexander—how in God's name could you ever think something like that? The weapon was to slow you down long enough for Dr. Hastings to get here."
"What about the clinic?"
"You think I was going to check you into Walter Reed? If this stunt of yours gets out, you're dead in the Army."
"In or out, the last seventy-two hours I've been damn near dead twice. That's what I've been trying to tell you."
"You picked a hell of a way to do it. You are lethal, in case you forgot. The way you came in here wasn't exactly what I'd call normal."
"You're right. Let me back up. You remember that reporter from the _Chronicle_?"
"That Massina girl?"
"Mancini."
"Yes. What about her? I suspect Jeff could tell you far more than I."
A small subterranean jolt. Sandy let it pass. He'd ask later.
"She's been helping me check out Perkins's story."
"Oh, for God's sake, I told you to let that dead dog lie."
"It's been eating me alive. Do you want to hear this or not? Jeff wasn't the only one who made it out alive."
"That's impossible. The records are clear. Everyone except Jeff was killed."
"The records are wrong. Abbie tracked it down. She found another survivor."
"Come on, Alexander. One little girl stuck on a soldier and the soldier stuck in an obsession. It's all wishful thinking."
"You're wrong."
The General flushed. No "with your permissions," no "sirs". It was as if Sandy had just told him that his fly was open on parade.
"I've heard quite enough," he said icily, rising from the chair. Before he could say anything else, Sandy grabbed the .45.
"Now _you_ sit down," he snapped.
The General laughed. Sandy glanced at the .45. There was no clip in the handle. "Sonuvabitch."
"All right, all right," the General said. "Now we've both got that behind us, what the hell is going on?"
For the next half hour Sandy poured out the story—the tip that had led them to Whitefish, Hyduk's fragmented story, the firefight. Staring at the French windows, the General took in all the details.
"Where does Remy fit in?" he asked.
"I don't know. But he's all over the landscape. Down at Sweeny's. At T. C. Johnson. Hanging out with Patrice. With you. What were you two doing this afternoon?"
"That can come later," the old man said. Rising, he went over to the bookcase and pushed aside six leather-bound volumes. Melman's edition of _The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_. In the gap was a small wall safe. The General swung it open and pulled out an envelope. "Read this," he said.
Sandy sat down at the desk and flicked the lamp up to bright. Inside the envelope was a letter typed on one sheet of age-yellowed stationery. The date at the top was 30 August, 1966.
_Dear General Caine:_
_Sir, please allow me to say how sorry I am about the death of your son. When I get copies of the after-action report, I will send one to you. In the meantime, I was over the fight in my C and C chopper with Captain Fair that day and I know you will want the details. This is what we saw_.
_The NVA had been kicking hell out of Lang Vei for three days. Artillery, mortars, mass infantry assaults. The cloud cover was bad. We couldn't get in there with Air. On the fourth day, the weather lifted for a few hours. We got the tac air going. Air blistered the NVA. Charlie Beckwith was nearly there with a relief column. You know Charlie. He went through the jungle instead of up the road and that took time. But it was the only way_.
_The bird was holding at 1500 feet. I had a set of PeeVee 25 by 50s so I could see the ground pretty good when the clouds broke. The NVA were hugging the belt. They had themselves in there right up to the wire. Very hard to hit them without killing our own guys_.
_Jeff Taylor was everywhere, calling in artillery, leading counterattacks, pushing out enemy penetrations, standing on top of the command bunker to fine tune the air strikes, exposing himself to constant enemy fire_.
_I only saw Lieutenant Caine once. It hurts to tell you this, sir, and I hope you will forgive me. I saw Lieutenant Caine come out of the command bunker. He blew the bridge to the outer perimeter. It stranded half a dozen of our A Team on the far side. The NVA killed all of them. It was a shameful act. I wasn't going to tell you. But you're the one who drilled it into me that the thing a warrior fights for is the truth and his unit. So that's the way it was. I just wish to hell it wasn't me writing this letter_.
_Sincerely yours_ ,
_Colonel William Augustus Buell_
Sandy put the letter down. The General came over and sat in the chair, reversing their earlier positions. "That is how your father died," he said. "I wanted to bury it forever. And I have buried it. For nearly thirty years now. I didn't want to believe that any son of mine could act so dishonorably. Only Gus and Remy know what really happened, and Gus swore Remy to secrecy. I've always been grateful to both of them. Now you turn up with this girl reporter and Hyduk, if it is Hyduk, back from the dead saying Gus and Remy are full of it. What do you expect me to do?"
"I guess that's up to you."
The General lowered his voice. "Right now, I suggest we put Melba out of her misery."
He pressed a button. Melba opened the door a little too quickly and came in, wiping her hands on her apron. "Your boy's all right," the General said. "Call Dr. Hastings and tell him we won't be needing him." Dropping the apron hem, she went to intercept the shrink. General Caine reached for his jacket. "If Gus's letter is right, I'll wear the disgrace," he said. "But if you're right, by God I want to set the record straight. I want the facts. Go get them."
#
SIXTY-TWO
#
*** Washington, D.C. ***
In Senator Taylor's office, the Bouvier clock began to strike eight, the bells tinkling like a wind chime. Patrice grabbed a file folder and a large manila envelope from the locked file cabinet behind his desk and knocked on the senator's door. The folder had poll results and focus-group summaries. In the envelope was the chart from Gus Buell on the ailing F-44.
"Come on in, Pat."
Senator Taylor was bent over the previous day's Congressional Record, his fountain pen in his hand, his reading glasses propped on the end of his nose. Old, Patrice thought. Way old. Get him contacts before the announcement. He pulls those out and starts to read, he loses two thirds of the Xers before he even hits the track. He dropped the file folder on the desk. "Second batch from Carver and Strong. Just in this mornin'. You're golden in the South, good 'nough for now in Illinois and California."
"Good enough to go?"
"No question about it."
"All right, here's what I want to do," the senator said. "I got the idea last night."
Patrice waited. First rule for a Chief of Staff is never to finish the boss's sentences or thoughts, no matter how transparent they may be. But this one surprised him.
"We'll make the announcement at the Wall."
"In front of a tombstone?"
"That's the way we're going to do it, Pat. So make it work, okay?"
Patrice nodded. He handed the senator a plain brown envelope. "Gus says they've been working triple shifts on the F-44. They should have it flying in three months. The second prototype should be up maybe three months after that. They have to start from scratch on that one."
"That's six weeks _after_ the appropriations hearings, Pat. Not before, after. We'll have to vote before the flight tests."
"Gus says that's no problem. The computer simulations will all be complete. You'll have all you'll need to make the case."
"From the computers. No combat tests with a blood-and-guts guy at the stick. We're going to do this with a mouse and a monitor, is that what you're telling me?"
"T. C. Johnson _invented_ full flight simulation. They wrote the software, they're writing new code right now to maximize the program for the tests."
Senator Taylor uncapped his pen.
"Here's my hardware, Pat," he said. He scribbled something on his desk notepad. "Here's my new code, Pat," he said, ripping off the sheet and holding it up. Written in large block letters, the note said BULLSHIT.
Somewhere within, Patrice heard a small voice saying why don't you give up, _chér_? You could be doing something worthwhile. Like shelling peas.
"I thought you might feel that way," Pat said quickly. He kept his voice in neutral. "I warned Gus."
"Good."
"Gus asked if he and Remy could get together with you sometime this week. After you'd read these reports. He hoped you'd find them reassuring."
Patrice paused. Some things had to be handled delicately. This wasn't one of them. "I don't have to tell you that they got T. C. Johnson to put up the seed money for the Carver and Strong samples. There's a lot more in the pipeline, Senator."
"I didn't hear that, Pat. Now, here's something I shouldn't have to tell you. The country doesn't believe in war heroes the way it used to. You need more than your old field jacket and a couple of medals to get elected. The country does believe the Pentagon is full of shit and it does believe in cutting taxes. That's the bird we're going to fly in, my friend, not some cripple from Gus and Remy. Tell them I said so."
"You're the one who should tell them. Can I book them sometime? My place, maybe? We owe them that much."
Senator Taylor thought about it for a moment. The Bouvier struck the quarter hour.
"Sure, I have no problem with that."
He took his overcoat from the closet. Patrice watched until he had one arm in the coat. Then he said, "Gus and Remy say the reports were just teasers. There's more."
"Is that right? What's the main event?"
"You know Gus. He just laughed and said he had a secret weapon he wanted to try on you."
Senator Taylor stopped in the door.
"Fair enough. We ought to have one, too, don't you agree?"
"What do _you_ have in mind?"
"Come on, Pat. This town is made of money. T. C. Johnson isn't the only game around. Go out and shake some other trees."
Out in the anteroom Adelle called, "The car's here." Senator Taylor winked at Patrice and left. Eight-thirty. Patrice listened to the chime. It sounded like fine crystal shattering on stone.
#
SIXTY-THREE
#
*** Arlington ***
The General stood at the head of the table carving the leg of lamb while Melba served Sandy the oven-roasted potatoes. "All right, why were you with Remy and Gus today?" Sandy said after Melba withdrew to the kitchen. "You said later. It's later."
The General put down the carving knife. "We were talking business."
"What kind of business?"
"Their business. The F-44. They asked me to help them sell Jeff on it."
"I thought he was already sold."
"He was, but they fried the prototype out at Edwards. The backup has to be refitted. It won't be ready before the Senate votes on the appropriation. Jeff has the swing vote. They want me to persuade him that everything's okay."
"What did you tell them?"
"I told them I'd read the stats and performance reports and I'd think about it. Seems to me Gus has too much on his mind right now to worry about killing you."
The sarcasm grated. "I'm not making this up. Go out and count the shell cases around Hyduk's place."
"All right, all right. All I'm saying is that if there is something to this crazy story of yours, I don't see how you can be the primary target. If you're right, whoever is behind this was going after Hyduk. You and the girl just got in the way. Before we go any further, I need to know why you're pushing this mess so damn hard."
"Like you said, I want the truth."
"I want the facts."
Melba came in with a pitcher and refilled their glasses with ice water. When she was gone, the General said, "You want the truth and the reporter wants a story?"
"I guess you could put it that way."
"Do you think life's that simple? The truth. The big story. Where did you get that baloney? It didn't come from me. You're coming down on everyone like an old Sherman tank, all barrel and no brains. The truth and nothing but the truth. Get the hell out of my way and damn the consequences..."
"That's not fair, General."
"Fair? Not fair? Is what you're doing fair to Hyduk? You show up and the next thing Hyduk knows he's got a death squad on his neck. For the sake of the argument, let's say he did survive the firefight that got Alex. What good does it do him if you turn up thirty years later to finish him off?"
Sandy flushed. "He said something like that himself."
"That's the first thing you've said this evening that doesn't amaze me."
The General put down his knife and fork. They stuck out from the sides of his plate like sticks from a snare drum. "What we need to know is why anyone else would want to kill Hyduk. I'm the only one who wants to kill you, remember?"
At least he was joking about it now.
"Before you got so lathered up about the who, did it ever occur to you to find out the what of it?"
"Yes, sir. It did. There's something about ODA 351 we don't know. I'd say we've got the whole thing wrong. Dead wrong."
"Only if you're right, son. But I agree, it's worth looking into. So now, why don't you just take a closer look at the facts. Forget the truth. You may live longer."
* * *
If the General was a throwback to the forties, his kitchen was a monument to the fifties. The countertops were pale green tile, the double sink next to the ancient Amana range was white enamel, deep, with a narrow chromium trim; a circular window was cut in the swinging door. Melba was scrubbing the crust out of the roast pan when Sandy entered.
" _Qué tal, tiita_. My God, did you get me in trouble." He took the Brillo pad from her brown fingers and went to work on the corners of the pan.
"You sounded terrible, _halcón_. What else could I do? Are you sure you're all right?"
He didn't say anything. She listened to the rasping of pad on pan. The aroma of warm soap and charred lamb drippings filled the kitchen.
"Did he ever tell you anything about my father you didn't tell me?"
" _Nada_. Never anything."
He put the pad down on the counter, turned the hot water all the way up and ran the pan under it, burning his fingertips. " _Mierda, mierda, mierda_."
She shook her head as he waved his fingers to cool them.
The gesture suddenly reminded her of the last time she'd burned her fingers. "Maybe there is something," she said. "I'm not sure. Maybe."
"What did he say?"
"Not something he said. Something he told me to throw out. Come. I'll show you."
She heard his footsteps behind her as she went down the wooden steps to the cellar. The ceiling was low. It grazed her hair as she walked over to the furnace, Sandy right behind her, bending like a gymnast.
The basement was very neat. It hadn't been that way the day she burned her fingers trying to relight the pilot on the furnace. Everyone thought the General was so tidy. That was because until she came he threw everything in the cellar. Old uniforms, tools, books, cracked pots from the garden.
The day she burned her hands, she had to move an old footlocker away from the furnace to get at the pilot light. She could see that someone had stenciled a name and address on it. It said, _Lt. Alexander Grant Caine—5th SFG Group Nha Trang_.
The General heard her cry out. He came down and found her blowing on her hands. He took the matches and when he leaned over to light the pilot, he saw the footlocker. In the flickering yellow light of the match, she saw tears come to his eyes. "Throw that darn thing out. I don't want to see it again." He lit the furnace. After that, he blew out the match and went back upstairs.
It had taken her nearly a month to clean up the basement. She had thrown out all his junk. But not the footlocker. It was too important. It had made him cry.
So she had wrapped the footlocker in an old tarpaulin and kept it out of sight. Now she got down on her hands and knees next to the furnace. The pilot light was pretty, blue. Sandy was kneeling right behind her. In the closeness of the dim cellar, she could hear him breathing.
She opened a metal cupboard behind the furnace.
"There," she said, pointing to the box. Dust covered the oilcloth. Otherwise everything was the way she had left it in 1978. "Maybe you'll find what you're looking for in there."
* * *
The rain pelted down hard on the little Geo. Through the sweep of the windshield wipers, Rock Creek Parkway was a dark blur, red taillights streaming like tracers along the Potomac. Sandy glanced into the rearview mirror at Alex's footlocker on the backseat. Without the tarp, it reminded him of a small coffin, the kind they used for babies.
A flash of lightning backlit the Lincoln Memorial. Lumbering through the storm, he fought off a creepy feeling that he was riding alongside a box of old bones. Open it up and anything could come out. His destiny, maybe.
Lighten up, man, he warned himself. You are deeply full of it tonight. What about something a little simpler, like your destination? Where did she say her place was?
In the rearview mirror he saw the driver behind him flashing his headlights, prodding. He looked down at the speedometer. Forty-five, pretty sluggish even for Melba's little go-cart. He pulled into the slow lane and a burgundy BMW-in-a-hurry shot by.
Circuits smoking, Sandy turned into Rock Creek Park. The house was dark. Sandy parked in front and walked up to the door. He hesitated for a moment, then stabbed the bell. The porch light flashed on, and the door opened a crack. Behind the chain, he saw two frightened eyes looking out from a thicket of red hair. "Pups. Is that you?" Abbie was standing there with Kip's pistol. "There were noises when I got home, pups. I guess I'm jumpy."
He took the gun from her hand. She seemed happy to surrender it.
She was standing there in a flannel nightgown, ivory with small blue flowers, a granny gown with long sleeves. Even as covered as Old Mother Hubbard, she was beautiful. "Something in the car I need to show you," he said. She held the door open while he hauled the footlocker out of the car and carried it into the kitchen. "Over here," she said. "On the floor."
The footlocker was a steel and fiberboard number, olive drab with metal corners, scarred everywhere, covered with stains. It looked as if it had been tossed out of every truck and supply room from Nha Trang to Schofield Barracks to Fort Monroe.
Abbie handed him an old towel and he wiped off the metal. The key was stuck to the top with electrician's tape, the old kind before plastic, tacky black adhesive tape that stuck to Sandy's fingers as he pulled it back. The lock was jammed. For a moment he twisted the key carefully, then savagely until Abbie put her hand over his.
"Wait a second, caveman." She went to the drawer next to the refrigerator where she kept her junk, string and old rubber bands, pliers, a screwdriver and hand drill, and brought back a can fitted with a long nozzle that looked like a straw. She shot a stream of silicon into the lock, then gave Sandy back the key. This time the lock clicked open as smoothly as a German lighter.
When he raised the lid, the footlocker gave off a stale puff of mothballs and mildew, the smell of decaying cloth and damp paper, an essence of futility. Death.
The bottom of the box was crammed with tee shirts and shorts. He saw several sets of starched fatigues and a neatly folded khaki uniform beneath a faded red windbreaker with BOSTON RED SOX on the back. Running his fingers under the clothes, he felt a small metal box. Inside it were Alex's Combat Infantryman's Badge and a campaign ribbon for service in the Dominican Republic.
On top of the badge and ribbon, he found a soiled manila envelope marked "Personal Effects." The metal fastener broke when Sandy bent it back and dumped out the contents—a small clasp knife, a Zippo lighter, a unit coin and something that looked like a mummified roast beef sandwich.
He turned the coin over in his hand. On one side, the insignia of the Special Forces, on the other "ODA 351, 5th Special Forces Group, Vietnam." Lucky coin. Yeah, right. He flipped it onto the table. It clinked against the clasp knife, quivered, rattled down flat.
Death rattle.
Sandy examined the sandwich. Alex's wallet. On the back was a monogram in faded gold letters. AGC. Mark Cross. Fine fatted calf for the altar at Lang Vei.
Blood from Alex's wounds had glued the wallet into a lump. Sandy peeled back the darkly crusted leather. Inside, the piastres were wadded together like blackened papier-mâché. Stuck face-up to the bottom of the wad was a snapshot. Sandy opened the clasp knife. Working carefully, trying not to scrape away the emulsion, he used the small blade to tease the image out from under the rotted legal tender.
A woman in a bathing suit. Light hair. A face like a Polish saint's. Young, so very young. Not your ordinary swimsuit number. Breasts, yes. Enormous, swelling over the top of the one-piece suit. An even more enormous belly—a full, beach ball curve.
He turned the picture over. On the reverse side, he could just make out the last faint traces of the lipstick mark, the vanishing silhouette of a woman's full lips. Above and below the kiss were a few words, also faint, written in lipstick.
_Bellies of Love from me and the Wolf Pup. Barbara_.
He'd always been pups.
A convulsion.
It began in his gut and rose through his chest. He heard Abbie saying, "Pups, what's the matter?" He felt her hand stroking the back of his neck as he put his head on the table next to the wallet and picture. The sobs came with no sound. The only sign was his body, shuddering like a storm-blown aspen.
#
SIXTY-FOUR
#
*** Whitefish ***
An owl's cry floated through the small window of the cabin. Midrange. Alto. Like two soft notes from an oboe somewhere out there in the dark. Larry Hyduk stopped writing in the gray notebook. Putting down his pen, he cocked his head and listened.
Still not quite right.
He'd have to give the kid another lesson.
On the table, the hissing Coleman lantern gave off a bright white light. Leaning over, he closed the notebook, putting it into his field jacket pocket next to his knife. Then he cut the light. When his eyes had adjusted to the darkness, he picked up his rifle, slipped out the rear door and circled out and behind the owl.
" _Who. Whhhhooooooooo_."
The cry fell off into a strangled gurgle as Hyduk struck. Jamming the index finger of his left hand into the boy's throat, the soft spot where the collarbone met the neck, he pressed the back of the knife blade under his ear.
"You're dead, Zack."
His whisper hissed like a snake through dry leaves. The boy didn't move. "C'mon, Larry," he said. "It wasn't that bad. Gimme a break. I got news."
"You got a tin ear, boy. Get you killed. Your news more important than that?"
It was just short of midnight. Over the shoulder of the mountains at the far end of the lake, a full moon was beginning its climb. Across the dark water, the moonlight cast a reflection as wide as a freeway. "Down there," Zack said. He pointed to a small sandbank where a boat, partly hidden by low firs, was beached. "Someone pulled that thing in there a few minutes ago."
Hyduk nodded. Standing up, he headed back toward the cabin at a quick trot, the boy swinging in alongside him. When they got there, Zack took out the dummies and arranged them on the two beds. Two burlap bags filled with old clothes, a coupla mixing bowls for heads. They had drilled it dozens of times, until setting it up took less than a minute. When everything was in place, they slipped out the back door into the woods and made a swing around the cabin's outer security perimeter. They found nothing, heard nothing. At the end of the swing, they were back at the boulder overlooking the cabin and the lake. The boat was gone.
The moon was higher now. No one rowing on the lake. Hyduk didn't like it. For two hours they sat as motionless as deer hunters waiting for dawn. Finally, Hyduk stretched his legs.
"Shit, false alarm," he whispered, turning to Zack. "Maybe I'm getting paranoid."
"Getting?"
_Beeeeeowwwwwwwww_.
The shriek of the RPG ripped through the darkness like the scream of a small animal.
A dull thump rolled across the lake as the cabin exploded, the windows spraying glass, red flames shooting skyward. The crowns of the firs next to the cabin ignited like torches.
"Burn 'em, goddamn it," he yelled to Zack. "They're through the wire."
He fell to the prone and looked through his sniper scope. Two men, backlit against the flames, came into focus. The first was holding an RPG launcher, a new round ready to fire. In the hands of the second he saw the stubby stock and banana clip curve of an AK-47.
He pressed his eye against the scope. When the crosshairs met between the shoulders of the guy with the RPG, he slowly squeezed.
_Pfffsssstttt_.
The gunner pitched forward, the launcher falling to the ground and rolling into the flames. As they licked around the projectile, the guy with the AK-47 sprinted for the trees.
_Pffffsssstttt_.
Hyduk's second shot caught him in the throat. His hands rose to his neck, but his scream was lost in the explosion of ammo cooking off in the cabin.
Hyduk felt something cold sting his face. He reached up his hand. Pine needles, millions of them, blasted from the firs, were falling around him like spring hail.
Little needles, stinging his face. The explosions of the mortars crumping down. The timbers on the bunker splintering, peppering his face.
The roar of the second explosion still scouring his brain.
Behind the flames. Men moving. The green uniforms. The little helmets.
"Goddamn it, Captain Taylor," he bellowed. "Where the fuck are you?"
He saw the Wolf running through the fire, toward him, bent double, the Swedish K pulled into his gut, coming right toward him until he could see his face.
And then the little puff as the field jacket jumped and the body falling, spraying blood across the ground. Hyduk felt the hot wetness of blood on his shoulder and face. The body twitched violently for a few seconds, then lay still. Reaching forward, he turned the corpse face up.
Not Wolf. What the fuck?
"Colonel Train," he said in disbelief. "What are _you_ doing here, Midnight?"
And then he saw Zack, the old M-1 hanging limply from his hand. Zack, face white, throwing up next to him.
Hyduk leaned back against the boulder. His mind was a washer on spin cycle, wild images, memories, the past and present overlapping, flattening against one another as they swirled. The spinning went faster and faster. And then, like a bandage ripped from a healed wound, he saw everything, remembered it all.
He reached into his jacket pocket and pulled out the gray notebook and pen. His fingers felt stiff, but between the full moon and the glow from the burning cabin, he was able to get it all down. Closing the book, he gave it to the boy.
"Mail this for me. Go call Grattan and tell him to get up here fast."
"I'm staying, sir."
"That's an order, Zack."
The boy's shoulders slumped, then he turned around and disappeared into the woods.
Hyduk got up and dragged Train's body behind the boulder. Then he walked toward the fire. His first kill was facedown about 30 feet from where the cabin had been. The round had bounced off a bone, glanced up and torn off his jaw. Wasn't much left to identify.
He found the third body impaled on a fir, neck broken, a jagged branch poking like the tip of a spear out from under the rib cage. Raising his rifle, he shot the branch off the trunk. The body crashed to the ground. Welcome to Montana, he muttered to himself. Scenic drives, hunting, boating. Bring the whole fucking family.
He went back to the boulder where he had stowed Train. Taking off his jacket, he broke two long branches and stuck them through the arms, improvising a crude travois.
At least it was all downhill.
It took half an hour to horse the first body down to the sandbank by the lake. Even though it was cold, low forties by the way the night felt on his face, he had sweated through his fatigues.
He covered Train's body with a few pine boughs, then walked into the firs wondering if he could get a boat with three bodies into the lake alone.
He found the boat tipped on its side behind the wall of firs. Where were the fucking oars? He walked around it and saw them lying under tree branches on the ground.
Three Stooges. What did they think? Someone was gonna steal their oars? He bent over to see how much wiggle room they had left him. His back was to the trees. A cloud drifted over the moon.
No shadow warned him. No sound came from the forest.
A tall, lean figure dressed in black—black boots, black combat pants, black sweater, black watch cap—stepped out of the trees. He caught Hyduk's neck in the crook of his arm.
"G'night, Larry," he said, sealing the carotid arteries like straws in a vise. "Time to close down the show."
#
SIXTY-FIVE
#
*** Rock Creek Park ***
Sandy felt a draft from the open window playing across his back. Reaching sideways, he touched empty sheets. Still facedown, he groped along the night table for his watch. Five forty-five. How did she do it? He still felt whacked.
After he'd stopped bawling, she'd taken him to bed. For half an hour he'd stared at the ceiling unable to move. The whole time, she lay there quietly until the warmth from her side of the bed thawed him, restored him to life. He turned and entered her like a man coming home. No pyrotechnics this time. "I love you," he said. "I know," she told him—that was all. Now she was probably downtown covering a riot.
He took a quick shower, pulled on his clothes and went downstairs. In the kitchen, he found a note with two black arrows. The first, pointing toward the microwave, said _Six minutes_. The second, pointing to a large bowl of oatmeal and sliced pears covered with Saran Wrap, said, _Eat me_.
He found an old jar of instant coffee hidden behind boxes of herbal tea. Lousy, but it had caffeine. It would have to do.
The footlocker yawned at him from the far end of the table. Last night he'd found himself in there. Now where was Alex?
Under Alex's uniform, he found a canvas-bound journal wrapped in a brown tee shirt and a small souvenir photo album.
The album was robin's-egg blue. On one side, in silvery letters, was the bargirls' international anthem. GOOD GUY GI. Turning it over, he saw WELCOME NHA TRANG.
He hesitated, not sure that giggling hookers and shitfaced grunts were what he wanted to face so early in the morning. He opened the book. No semi-pro porn. No tits and ass. No swollen dicks, no gaping beavers. Alex had purged the half-dozen plastic sleeves of their original contents and filled them with pictures from home.
There the young officer stood, in full dress uniform, his new wife in full bridal regalia clinging to his arm, his best man standing at his side. In the camera's flash, the new captain's bars gleaming on Jeff Taylor's shoulders matched the glitter coming off the 2-carat rock sparkling on Barbara's finger.
Behind them was the General, rigidly at ill-ease, standing under a giant banner that said SONS OF POLAND. Under the banner was the most all-American family Sandy had ever seen. Older men with strong faces, women with powerful arms, the younger ones from Alex and Barbara's generation innocent, fresh, a little blond girl with long braids clung to the bride's dress, a towheaded boy looking enviously at the uniform of the groom.
No coupon cutters in there, no cookie pushers. They were wonderful. Eat the Putnams alive. Maybe even the Caines. Why hadn't the General sent _Alex_ to live with them?
Flipping through the other images, he saw another motif. Jeff Taylor was everywhere. The earliest shot showed Jeff and Alex in tennis shorts and Andover sweaters, Alex short, skinny, at the net, bending forward, peering intently through thick glasses, his face just cresting the tape, Jeff towering at the service line, back arched, undoubtedly smacking an ace.
A second shot showed Alex as a plebe, much taller now, but just as skinny. Jeff had him braced tighter than a two-dollar vise. Serious West Point stuff going down. Another snap caught the two of them in sweatsuits clowning beside the stone boot monument. Sandy smiled, remembering the old legend from the Point. If a cadet flunking a course went out to the boot at midnight and prayed his ass off, he'd pass. Alex must have put in plenty of time at the boot after he met Barbara.
Ancient history. Where was the real stuff? He flipped the sleeve and finally found what he was looking for. The SF camp at Lang Vei. Eleven men posed for the family portrait outside the command bunker. All wearing green berets, tiger suits.
Almost out of the picture, leaning against the side of the bunker, was a sturdy, alert-looking warrior in his early twenties. He had put his rifle next to him on the roof of the bunker. Even pushed into the background, the sniper scope stuck out above the timbers.
Intense eyes. Dark. Half crazy. No question. It was Larry.
Jeff and Alex stood on either side of the bunker door. Jeff had a briar pipe clenched in his jaw. Christ, he looked like Gregory Fucking Peck. Where did he think he was? Pork Chop Hill?
Alex was now only a bit shorter than Jeff, not so broad across the shoulders, still not much meat on his bones. Boots, tiger stripe, indistinguishable from the grunts. But he looked different. Quite different.
It was the field jacket. He hadn't noticed at first because none of the other men were wearing theirs. Too hot, probably, and Jeff had his OD jacket hanging from his shoulder.
Alex's jacket wasn't standard issue. Sandy had never seen one like it. The photograph was faded, but he could still make out the colors. It was green, brown and black in some kind of speckled arrangement. Very tight fit. He laughed. It reminded him of the jacket he had seen on Errol Flynn, leading guerrillas against the Japanese in _Objective Burma_. War movie shit.
The jacket had big pockets up on the chest, slash pockets down below. All of them were buttoned. Through a gap on the top left pocket, a long antenna stuck out. Examining the picture more closely, he could see the outline of something about twice the size of a cassette recorder bulging in the pocket.
Ground-to-air radio. TAC AIR.
He took another sip of the coffee. Cold, awful. He got up and dumped it in the sink. Picking up the photograph, he went to the phone and punched a number.
"Allo." A woman's voice. Syrupy accent. Thick as Turkish coffee.
"Elena? Is that you?"
"Yisss. I am Elena. Secretary. Sergeant Caldwell is in conferential."
"Elena, this is Captain Caine."
Short pause. "Sergeant Caldwell is not in office. Leave me his message, please. I get to him."
"Elena, it's me. Sandy Caine. Zagreb. What have you done to Nate?"
"Well, he is, you know, sleeping."
No doubt. At least Nate's woman was there the next morning.
"You roll him out of the sack and tell him Sandy's going to burn his ass if he doesn't haul it."
"Sandy? Sandy, darleeng," she trilled. "Is you? Why not you say?"
A low thumping noise, louder as it approached the phone. Then:
"This better be fucking good. You calling from the stockade?"
"Close. I can't explain everything right now. Just one question, then you and Elena can get back at it."
"Yeah, what?"
"I'm looking at a picture of a field jacket from Nam. Weird-looking. Not like one of ours. Lotta speckles, black, white, brown. Tight fit, very sharp."
He heard Nate grunt.
"Got pockets all over hell? Metal buttons? Very sexy?"
"Roger that."
"French. Paratroopers had 'em. Bad, bad motherfuckers. I think some of the ARVN Airborne got 'em from the French. You in SF, you killed to get one. It was like, if your best friend had got one somewhere you'd be saying, 'Yo, Jackson, you buy it, fuck your boots, I'm in your jacket and outta there, man.'
"It was like this. You want to be an SF stud, you gotta have your opal ring on the pinkie, the Montagnard bracelet on the wrist that didn't have the steel Rolex. That make you a stud. But you got one of those French jackets, you were King Fucking Kong."
"Thanks, Nate. Call you later."
He hung up the phone. Back at the table he slipped the picture into its sleeve and picked up the journal. The first entry was dated August 18, 1960. Alex's plebe year.
_Beast Barracks. Week One_
_So you wanted to play soldier, be like Jeff, save the country, kiss the girls. How stupid could you get? Out on the parade ground two hours: "What are you, plebe?" "A worm, sir." "What was that?" "Worm shit, sir." And coming from Jeff_.
Usual stuff. Might have written the same thing himself. He paged through the journal. In the beginning, the longest entries were on soldiering; Alex's dreams, induced by the General, shaped around Jeff; also some doubts, sharp at first, sharper until he met Barbara. Then they seemed to subside.
The philosophy and the love story would keep. He folded back three fourths of the journal until Vietmam. Moving to fast forward, he stopped at an entry marked with three exclamation marks. Alex hadn't done anything like that before.
_Lang Vei_
_July 24, 1966_
_Shit happens. NVA ambush near Lang Vei, another recon patrol. Too many of them. Can't get Jeff to stop going by the book. The gooks had our MO cold. Perkins had the point, they let him pass, then cut us up. No good choices. Hauled my ass in, hauled his ass out. Three WIA including Perkins. No KIA, thank God. Perkins one happy dude. Dusted him down to Nha Trang. Sorry to see him go. Good man. Very good man_.
A few pages later, there was a second entry, more terse:
_I Corps_
_July 31, 1966_
_Note from Perkins, he's not coming back. Medevac USA. Sent a present: French cammo jacket, real beauty. Said he bought it off a Vietnamese nurse who got it from some shotup ARVN Airborne Captain. Replacement for Perkins reported tonight. Lawrence Hyduk. Think he could be okay. Weirdo. But great combat record. Word is he's one of the best snipers in S.F_.
The last twenty pages were blank. Backtracking, Sandy came to the final entry.
_Lang Vei_
_August 20, 1966_
_Things heating up. NVA probes. Intell predicting big attack. No time to send the Big P to Babs. DON'T FORGET_.
Some milk run. What was the Big P? He closed the journal. The answer was in there somewhere. He'd track it down later.
He started to repack the footlocker. At the bottom of the personal effects envelope he felt a hard lump he'd missed the night before. Something was stuck in one of the corners. He poked at it with his finger, and a ring dropped onto the table.
"West Point. Class of 1964. Duty Honor Country."
Alex's ring.
Sandy never wore his own. He couldn't stop thinking it was like wearing your pedigree on your sleeve, a bad form of pulling rank. Absently, he tried the ring on his finger. It didn't fit.
Of course, moron. Alex was a smaller-boned guy, a Powell-Putnam as well as a Caine. Just like Sandy was a Brakowski. Slipping the ring into the envelope, he put it back on top of the red windbreaker.
Sticking out of the pocket was the end of a faded ribbon. _P_ for pocket, _p_ for pitcher, _p_ for pissed off—what the hell was Alex thinking about?
At one time in the past, the ribbon had been red and blue. But the colors had bled into one another, leaving only a darkish pink. When he reached down and tugged it, he pulled out a small jewelry box. The box was disintegrating, like the ribbon tied around it.
He opened the box carefully. Inside was something that looked like a flat napkin ring, black, pressed over a prune, also black. He poked the prune. It was rubber, dry on the outside, slightly tacky in the creases. It crumbled, the pieces sticking to his fingertips.
Suddenly he recognized this ring, too.
It was a pacifier. The nipple had rotted, but there was just enough of the tip left in the prune to give it away. A baby's pacifier.
Next to it was a sealed envelope marked "Maison Bleu" with a street address in Saigon. Inside he found a gift card with a note in the same handwriting he had seen in the journal.
_Darling Babs_ ,
_This is for the son you've decided you're carrying. To free up the real ones for me. Love you both. Yours forever_ ,
_Alex_
The Big P. Lieutenant Caine's own pacification program. Ripping a sheet of paper towel from the rack next to the sink, he polished the ring furiously. It was metal, badly tarnished. He rubbed harder. Silver. From under the black tarnish, another monogram began to appear.
The letters were engraved. A fancy script, vaguely European.
_AGC II Pfc_
Name, rank, everything but the serial number for Babs and her beach ball.
Born to be a soldier.
#
SIXTY-SIX
#
*** Whitefish ***
The message light on Abbie's telephone was flashing. Not nice to snoop. Screw it. When the girl's away the guy will play. Sandy punched the play button.
"That you, reporter lady?"
Hyduk's voice startled him. Whatever the Night Stalker remembered had to be itching his ass. Nothing else would have gotten him within ten miles of town. He listened to the message twice and rewound the machine.
As he was considering it, the phone rang.
"Your wake-up service, pups. You okay?"
"Steal any messages yet?"
"Gentlemen don't read other people's mail."
"Gentlemen, never. What about Green Berets?"
"Okay, okay, but it's your fault. I get evil when I wake up alone." He told her about Larry.
"What do you think he's got for us?" she asked him.
"Pulitzer stuff. No question."
"Come on, pups, don't be cruel."
"I can't see him leaving his tracks on your machine if it's not important. When can you leave?"
She didn't answer.
"It's on me. You bought the tickets last time."
"You go."
"Hey, I need you."
"You need a diversion, Sneaky Pete. Look, something's going on at Jeff Taylor's office. Patrice told me he got in at five. He was talking about turning the burner up on Jeff's future. And Julian's acting way over the top. He told me we could be looking at an announcement before the end of December."
"I can see it now, Patrice buying votes with beignets."
"Too true. But Patrice isn't a lurcher. This isn't like him. He's hauling Jeff out to the Korean War Memorial tomorrow afternoon for the dedication. I need to be there."
What was it the General had said? Something about Jeff knowing more about Abbie than he did?
"I think you should go with me."
Pause.
"I can't. But you can, you should."
"Yes, ma'am."
He rang off. No time to be jealous. He had two hours to catch the plane.
* * *
"Tryin' to love two soldiers is lahhhk a baaaahhhhl and chain..."
Becca was dancing behind Abbie's desk. Singing and dancing.
"Sometimes the pleasuhhhhh ain't worth the paaaaaiiiiiiin."
"I don't fall in love with prehistoric senators, so why don't you shut up?"
"Oooooh, ooooooh, ain't worth the paaaaiiiiiin... What about the other one?"
Abbie picked up the telephone and hit the memory button.
"I'm thinking about it."
Two rings, then the pick-up.
"Morning, Patrice. It's me. Just confirming tomorrow. Great. I'll catch you out at the Memorial."
As she was hanging up, Becca leaned down and whispered in her ear.
"You think about it much longer, darlin', you're gonna be one very lonely old thang."
* * *
The fire in the bar was down to a few red embers when Sandy came into the Grouse Mountain Lodge. He ordered a double Jack D. Down at the end of the bar, Grattan was playing liars dice with a weather-beaten guy in a business suit and cowboy boots. Sandy listened to the thump of the dark leather dice cup and thought of Alex. Some men got to roll 'em, some men got rolled. All the rest was lies.
"Damn you, son."
"You lose, Pop. Pay up. Sixteen bucks on the barrel head."
As Grattan slid the cup toward the bartender, he noticed Sandy. Putting his arm around the older man's shoulder, he walked him to Sandy's stool. "Thought you'd be back, young soldier. Meet my old man. Roger Grattan. Worst dice player ever retired from the FBI."
The old guy had a grip like a pipe fitter. "Ten years in Butte," Roger Grattan said cheerfully. "Piss off Mr. Hoover, it's Butte for life. Am I right?"
"Never knew Mr. Hoover."
"Then what's an eastern slick like you doing here. _I_ was born here. That's my excuse. What's yours?" He was a little tight, belligerent in a friendly Irish way.
"Just a little R and R, sir. I thought I'd check into the old soldiers home here and take some of that dice money off your son."
"He cheats." The old guy took his hat off the rack. "Doesn't help to watch him. Just pisses you off. Best bring your own dice."
A gust of wind blew through the lobby as Roger Grattan went through the door. "How's that make you feel?" Sandy said. Grattan took out a cigarette, thought better of it and tossed it into an ashtray unlit.
"Lying old buzzard. Taught me everything I know."
Sandy laughed. "Man, you don't know how lucky you are. Look, could I borrow the four-wheel again tomorrow? I gotta talk to Hyduk."
"How about I go with you?"
"Thanks." Sandy tossed back the last of the drink. "Going to see Hyduk, you need backup."
"A fire team, at least. See you at breakfast."
At 0600 the next morning, he met Grattan in the dining room. They stuffed away platters of bacon and eggs, then hit the road, Sandy driving, Grattan riding shotgun. At the log chute, he turned left, skirted Hyduk's tank trap, and rolled along for half a mile until Grattan signaled him to stop. "Open your window," Grattan said, rolling down his. The air had been cold and fresh when they started up the mountain. Sandy cracked the window. A dark, sour smell drifted into the four-wheel. Working up the mountain in second, he had missed it over the exhaust. No way to miss it now. "You, too?" Grattan said.
"Let's get there." Sandy jammed the four-wheel into gear.
The blackened embers of Hyduk's cabin were still smoldering. In the light breeze, the gray smoke curled around two bodies lying just beyond a ragged arc of burned brush.
Sandy crouched next to the corpses. The cammo outfits were scorched, and the bodies were stiff, dead a day or two at least, but no bears had been working on them. Pulling with both hands, he rolled them over.
Not Larry. Not Zack.
"Not too smart to get Hyduk pissed off," Grattan said.
For an hour they poked through the charred cabin. Nothing. They started working their way out from the burn, trying to pin down where the death squad had come in, where Hyduk and the boy had left. Again nothing. Until they reached a large boulder on the high ground.
"Got 'em," Grattan shouted.
On the backside of the boulder a long smear of blood pointed down to a gluey black mess of pine needles on the forest floor. The brush was broken in a narrow path leading off through the trees and down toward the lake.
"Look at this." Grattan opened his palm and held out three empty .30-caliber cases.
"Maybe he missed once," Sandy said.
"Maybe God's got one eye. Where's the other body?"
"Who gives a shit? Where's Hyduk? Where's Zack?"
Grattan stood up and blew out his lips in a travesty of a sigh. "You're right, we better get Wilbur on this." He pulled his cellular from a jacket pocket and flipped it open. "Hello, Agnes, Tim Grattan here. Tell Bob I got two missing persons and a load of charbroil for him up by Lolo Overlook. Tell him I'll meet him at the loggers' crossroad and take him in. He's gonna need the coroner and the bag-and-shovel boys. Yeah, Agnes, you, too. Have a nice day."
Grattan snapped the cellular shut and they headed back down the mountain to the creek leading up to Hyduk's command post, Sandy told Grattan to stop. Jumping out, he made his way up the stream, Grattan trotting behind him. "What's the big hurry?" he yelled as Sandy tore off the path into the brush.
About 30 yards up the path, Sandy found the rotten stump Hyduk had showed him. On top of the stump was a large flat rock. Before, there had only been the hole. He pushed the rock until it balanced on the edge of the stump then fell to the ground. The hole inside the stump was maybe three feet deep. Reaching in until his armpit grazed the rim, he groped blindly with his fingers. He felt soft moss, the slime of a slug. Then he touched something hard and flat wedged sideways at the very bottom of the hole. Prying it up with his fingers, he pulled it out.
A gray notebook. The cover was spotted. Brushing it off with the side of his hand, he saw that the spots were dried blood.
Grattan was standing next to him now, wheezing. Sandy opened the notebook. Block letters in brown. Hyduk. He looked over at Grattan. "Sun, rain, shitstorm, nothing stops the mail. Isn't that what they say?"
_Craaaaaaaaaaaaccccck_.
The bullet ripped through the branches over Sandy's head. He hit the dirt behind a tree. Grattan smacked down next to him, pistol drawn.
_Craaaaaaaaccccck. Craaaaaaaacccccck_. Two more rounds, well over their heads. Sandy peered around the trunk of the tree. From across the meadow, a small figure in combat pants and enormous boots was running toward them. Charging them. It was the boy.
"Hold you fire, Zack," Sandy roared. "It's me."
_Craaaaacccccccck_.
The boy was nearly to the tree line now. As he pumped forward, one of his boots snagged on a fallen branch. He sprawled on his face. The rifle flew out of his hands.
Sandy tackled him, landing on his back, pinning him to the damp earth.
"Easy, Zack."
"You no-good shit. You killed Larry."
Sandy rolled the squirming boy over and sat on his chest.
"You got the wrong guy, Zack. I wasn't even here."
Grattan came up with the M-1, holding it barrel down. "What've we got here? Rambo Junior?"
"We're friendlies, Zack," Sandy shouted. "Friendlies." The boy squinted up at him. "Is that you, Captain Caine?"
"You're damn right it's me." Grattan checked the rifle.
"Where you been, sir? They got Larry."
"Slow down, kid. I'm going to let you up now, okay?" Lifting himself off the boy's chest, Sandy held out a hand, and helped him to his feet. "You all right, Zack?"
The boy looked sceptically at Grattan. "It's okay, this is Tim Grattan, he's one of us," Sandy said. Grattan ejected the clip and held out the empty M-1 to the boy.
Zack grabbed the rifle. "Grattan? You were the guy Larry told me to find. He ordered me to mail that shit you got there in your hand and to fetch Mr. Grattan. But I couldn't get the truck to turn over, so I went back. To help him. Larry." He wiped his nose. "I saw it. The tall guy, he took Larry down. I saw him put Larry in the boat and row into the lake. I couldn't take a shot. I was afraid I'd hit Larry."
Sandy put his hands on Zack's shoulders.
"It's not your fault, kid."
"Larry's gone, Captain. Whose fault is it?"
The boy sat down on a log. Laying the old rifle across his lap, he leaned forward until his forehead touched his knees. "I'm sorry, Larry," he whispered. "I'm sorry, I'm so fucking sorry." Sandy put his arms around the boy and rocked him.
"Come on, Zack," he said softly. "You've got work to do, man. We've got to find Larry."
#
SIXTY-SEVEN
#
*** Washington, D.C. ***
A gray sky over the Mall, snowflakes drifting across the temple to Abraham Lincoln. As Jefferson Taylor's limo drove up to the new Korean War Memorial, nineteen stainless-steel warriors loomed up in front of him like giants in a nightmare. Each man stood 9 feet high. A reinforced squad on patrol, advancing with weapons at port arms, flankers to the right and left of the point man, the leader clutching an old SCR 536—the radio that never worked.
Senator Taylor pressed a button and the rear window purred down. The grass was beginning to turn white, but around the monument's base, the TV lights cast a hot glare on the statues, warming the barrels of the rifles, melting the drifting flakes of snow.
The soldiers were wearing ponchos. You never wore your poncho into combat, no matter what the war. Get tangled in a poncho before you could shoot and it turned into your body bag. Interesting mistake. Senator Taylor reflected. Saving money, maybe. Steel poncho, the sculptor didn't have to do full justice to the men underneath. Cheat 'em, some. Just the way it was in Korea and Vietnam and every other fucking war.
"You think they're advancing or retreating?" he said to Patrice.
"What difference does it make?"
Patrice was sitting on the jump seat scribbling last-minute talking points into the senator's speech. Senator Taylor pushed the button again, and the window slid upward, cocooning them snugly in the limo.
"Big difference, my friend. You should try it sometime." He leaned back in the soft black leather. As the window began to steam up, the warriors disappeared. Patrice looked worried, Taylor thought. Maybe it was the snow. Spoil the lighting.
Leaning across the seat well, Patrice handed him the speech. *Couple problems, I think. Take a look." The top of the text was clean but near the third paragraph there was a giant question mark, and one phrase was crossed out. But before Taylor could absorb the changes, he heard a tap on the window. Rubbing a little porthole through the steam, he saw Abigail Mancini.
"Read all about it," he said to Patrice, signaling the driver to unlock the door.
"I'd rather not." Pat opened his attaché case and buried himself in a batch of memos.
The reporter ducked into the limo and sat next to Taylor. With the dust of snow on her red hair and the cold reddening her cheeks, she looked stunning.
Yeah, sure. Who was he kidding? The girl was no Janine. There was only one Janine and now she was gone. He had driven her away.
"Where's the lap robe?" Abbie asked, smiling at him.
"I thought you didn't mix business and pleasure."
"I don't." She crossed her arms and hugged herself. "I just don't like winter."
He handed her the speech, enjoying the look of irritation on Patrice's face. The President was dedicating the new memorial. Count on him for the usual false pieties. His own remarks were scheduled for five minutes, no more. Plenty of time to float a balloon or two. Dry run for the Announcement. In his mind the phrase now came in capital letters, as if it were the Annunciation.
Abbie started to read the speech out loud. "We stand here today in the shadow of good men and bad weapons." She shrugged. "Not bad, Senator. Did Patrice write it for you?"
Patrice looked up from the open attaché case. "The credit's entirely his, _chér_."
"You'll have to cut Pat some slack today. He's trying to save me from myself."
She pointed to the third paragraph. It said: "The first lesson of Korea was never to neglect the basics of combat, the rifles, the helmets, the boots you see here today. The second was that we can't expect to win our next war with the weapons from the last. If you look behind me, today, you won't find an infantry-fired tank killer with these heroes. That wasn't just the sculptor's choice. Or theirs. They didn't have one. We are only getting an effective one now, forty years too late for these heroes, fifty years too late for the men who were ground into the tracks of German panzers in Sicily and France. It means death to forget the basics. Let's not forget that in this age of computers, satellites and fighter jets that go for two hundred million dollars a pop."
Patrice had crossed out the final phrase.
"I see your man has done some pruning." Abbie handed back the text.
"That he did," Taylor said, opening the door. "Come on with me. Patrice needs time alone so he can pout, and I could use an escort."
When he opened the car door, they could hear the Marine Band tuning up. The players, almost blue from the cold, were drawn up next to a small platform. Stamping their feet to keep warm, the reporters looked surly, bored.
Taylor's seat was six down from the President's, as far off as they could put him without shoving him off the platform. One by one the other dignitaries arrived, the Secretary of the Army first, then the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, after him, the SecDef. Everyone in proper order, as if even the limos knew the protocol.
The President's motorcade, a brigade of motorcycle cops to the front, flanks and rear of the bulletproof limousine—arrived last. Taylor tried to remember what he'd read about Lincoln stepping off the train from Illinois alone after his first election, walking to his own inaugural. Not this guy.
"Afternoon, Senator," the President said as he mounted the platform. "I'm looking forward to your performance in this theater of honor."
Taylor smiled politely. Theater of honor. Who gave him that crap? The cameras rolled, the show went on, the President playing true to form. For ten minutes he talked about glory, sacrifice, valor, sprinkling clichés across the speech like toppings on soft ice cream. The SecDef got up to add a few more. Then the Secretary of the Army introduced Taylor.
"Hero in battle. Man of the Senate."
Also a cliché, missing only its final cadence: and _next President of_...
Adjusting the microphone, he saw that the TV cameramen were going to roll as soon as he began. The senator was the last speaker. Pat had alerted the network producers that the good stuff would come early. They could grab it and still make their feeds for the evening news.
Applause met his line about good men and bad weapons. The cameras were still running as Patrice's warning at paragraph 3 loomed like a detour sign on a stretch of washed out road.
Screw Patrice. And Gus. And Remy. He was the one with his dick on the block. On the battlefield, it ain't show, it's go. He launched into the offending paragraph.
"The first lesson of Korea..."
Safe boilerplate. Bulletproof.
"It means death to forget the basics."
The politicians and military leaders began to shift uncomfortably.
"Let's not forget that in this age of computers, satellites and fighter jets that go for two hundred million dollars a pop."
Clearing of throats. No applause. The SecDef looked astounded, the President amused. "Nice shot," he said on his way back to his car. "You should have thrown in campaign finance, Senator. Why not? Seeing you'll be running on five-dollar contributions."
"I'm working on it."
"You do that," he said. "Give you something to think about while everyone else rakes in the dough."
Taylor let the motorcade wind away from the memorial and shoot across the Mall before he left the platform. When he started for his limo, he felt a light, feminine touch on his arm. The reporter. He had forgotten about her. "That was great, Jeff," she said. "I didn't think you'd go all the way. What's Patrice going to do with you?"
"Why don't we find out?" he said, walking her toward the limo. "I'll drop you at the _Chronicle_ , home. Whatever."
She hesitated as the driver jumped out to open the door. Taylor got in first, as if the car wouldn't start any other way, and then scrambled in beside him. The driver looked into the rearview mirror, the senator looked at the reporter.
"The _Chronicle_ ," she said quickly.
From the jump seat, Patrice was looking at the senator as if he had just announced his conversion to socialism.
"So, Pat. What do you think?" Abbie asked him.
Patrice closed the attaché case. "I preferred the war hero. I'm not sure I can handle the saint."
* * *
On the evening news that night, the networks devoted a minute twenty seconds to the story. There was nothing from the President's speech. The first few seconds showed his face darkening as Jefferson Taylor scored points with his line about men and weapons. Then followed a thirty-second soundbite showing Taylor's face close up, earnest, highly attractive in contrast to the pudgy profile of the man sitting on the stand with him.
As the finale, the cameras came in on the senator, the beautiful young woman on his arm, her flaming red hair, the great legs as she leaned over to step into the limousine.
The TV reporters, so surly before the event, seemed quite cheerful now. They made allusions to Jack Kennedy. _Senator_ Kennedy. They pointed out how dangerous it had been for Dick Nixon to be such a lump when JFK was on the prowl.
"So what do you think, Pat?" Taylor said, surfing the rest of the newscasts. The versions were almost identical, as if a single intelligence, or perhaps none, had written the script.
Patrice looked at him stonily.
"Premature ejaculation," he said. "Too little too soon."
Taylor tossed the remote onto the coffee table. He was about to make an issue of it when Adelle stuck her head through the door.
"Call for you, Patrice."
"Not now, Adelle," the senator said.
"It's Janine."
Taylor looked at Patrice like a man reaching for a life rope. "I'll take it in here, Adelle," Patrice said, moving over to the phone at the end of the couch. "Put her through."
" _Bon soir, chér_ ," he said. "Jeff's on the floor." A white lie, Patrice rubbing his eyes tiredly, pressing his fingertips to his temples. "I do understand, _chér_... Yes, I'll tell him. Ummm hmmmm. Not really something we should discuss on the phone, don't you think? Why don't I come down there tomorrow and we can talk. Good, see you then."
"What was that all about?" Taylor asked him.
"Tectonic plates, seismic shifts, about nine point seven on the Richter scale, I'd say. About three points more than it took to wipe out San Francisco. Did the earth move for you, Senator?"
"What did she want?"
"She saw your little show just now."
"So?"
"So she wants to know why you sent... that 'cunt', I believe was the word she used, down to suck up to her. She said she'd never felt so betrayed, even by you."
"Betrayed? Abbie went down there on her own. I didn't even know about it. You told me."
"Tell that to Janine. Lots of luck. She said you weren't just a cradle robber, you were a grave robber, fucking her right back into the ground just when she was starting to feel hopeful."
"That's ridiculous."
"I warned you this would happen when you let that reporter get near you."
"Dammit, Pat, Abbie's just working the story."
"It doesn't matter whether you are fucking that woman or not. This could destroy you."
"The Mancini girl means nothing to me. Janine's the only woman I give a damn about. I need her back, Pat. I don't want to run without her."
"Listen to me, will you? Janine says you're crazy if you think she'd keep going through the shit you put her through tonight. She says you know it would kill her."
"What's she talking about? Wasn't her last body scan clean?"
"That's not the point."
"What is the point?"
"The point, Senator, is that she says the deal is off."
"Christ, she said that?"
"That's exactly what she said. Are you looking forward to going home, opening a little military bookstore, maybe settling down? That's where you're heading right now."
Taylor picked up the remote and flicked on the _Lehrer NewsHour_ to drown out Patrice.
"She agreed to see me tomorrow," Patrice said. "She blinked _last time_. Maybe I can get her to do it again. I'll go down in the morning."
Taylor listened, more closely now. "All right, you win, Pat. Call Julian and get us another reporter. Tell him you don't want to be politically incorrect or anything, but he should send us a guy. And, Pat, you're not going to see Janine. I am."
"Are you out of your fucking mind?"
"Maybe. But the only way I'll get her back is to go there alone." He held out his hand. "Give me the keys to that sweet little Porsche."
#
SIXTY-EIGHT
#
*** Whitefish ***
Sandy took Hyduk's gray notebook out of his pocket. At the stump he'd seen that it was Hyduk's after-action report, but the handwriting was barely legible and he didn't want to fight through it until he was alone. So he and Grattan had taken Zack home and left him with Grattan's wife. The kid hadn't eaten or slept in two days. Darlene fixed him a sandwich and he fell asleep at the kitchen table.
Now he hung up his jacket in the closet and ordered two bottles of beer and prime rib from room service. Then he sat down at the desk, turned on the light and flattened the notebook out in front of him. For a moment, he hesitated. He had spent a tough two weeks trying to capture this hill. Now, 10 feet short of the top, he wondered if he was better off not knowing.
Postponing the final assault, he turned on the news. The prattle was calming, like the radio when you were a little kid staying home alone. He left it on as he started to read.
_The gooks had pushed back the outposts and were into the final wire. Mines were exploding and our guys were blowing the 55-gallon drums of napalm we had set up in the wire to slow attackers down_.
The buzzer rang at the door. "Room service."
He tipped the waiter two bucks and had him set the tray back on the desk. Leaving the slab of beef covered, he uncapped one of the bottles of beer. Okay, Alex. This Bud's for you.
_Wolf raced back to the command bunker. I was lying on top of it and I could hear him yelling at Taylor. "Let me bring in the B-52s. They're up there on station. It's the only chance we got to save the camp_...."
_Then Wolf draged Taylor out of the bunker_...
He stopped and read the line again. Hyduk had scrawled the words in tiny letters, racing on. Racing the guns. It must have been at night. But he had read it correctly.
_Then Wolf draged Taylor out of the bunker and made him face the fight. I heard him saying, "We can hold if the B-52s arklite the gooks. The attak will buy us time for the relief column to get here."_
_Taylor was out of it_...
Sonuvabitch. Sunuvagoddamfuckingbitch. He turned the page, heart hammering as if he were on top of the bunker.
And then, out of the TV set, he heard Jeff's voice.
"The first lesson... never to neglect the basics of combat, the rifles, the helmets, the boots... It means death to forget..."
His eyes shot over to the screen. There was Abbie snuggling against him and the reporter talking about "the game Jack Kennedy gave the nation. Sex and politics. Politicians and sex."
He grabbed the phone and punched her number.
"This is Abigail Mancini. I'm not in right now, but leave a message..."
Where are you, Abigail Mancini? Not with Jeff. Please, oh please, not with Jeff.
#
SIXTY-NINE
#
*** Smith Island ***
The wind had whipped up whitecaps on Chesapeake Bay. Now, as Senator Taylor walked up to Janine's little yellow house, woodsmoke was blowing away from the chimney like a mane in the breeze. Good. She had a fire going. Maybe it would defrost her.
Before he could get through the gate, the front door flew open and she was out on the porch, one hand up, as if she were waving. But she was only shading her eyes against the sun.
He felt a panicky urge to turn around, retreat to the ferry. He shouldn't have come, it was still too soon. She thinks I'm Patrice. How's she going to take seeing me? As he got closer, he saw Janine take a step across the porch, then draw up short.
"Jeff?" she called out in surprise. "Is that... _you bastard_."
"Janine," he shouted. "Wait." Bounding up the steps, he intercepted her hand on the worn brass knob. "Come on, give me a chance."
She slapped him across the face. The slap wasn't very hard, just enough to make his eyes sting. Still the old debutante. Was she still weak from the chemo? Was it that her heart wasn't in it?
Her eyes were blazing. How beautiful she is, he thought, even now with her red flannel shirt lying flat where the curves had been. Fighting to stay alive. He tried gently to pull her toward him. Hug her. Slow her down.
She twisted away.
"You son of a bitch. I thought Patrice was coming to clean up after you."
"Come on, Janny, it isn't what you think. We need to talk."
"Like I need radiation! You're poison, Jeff. Get away from me."
"Calm down," he said, touching her face. "This time I'm clean." She started to knock away his hand, but this time he sensed her hesitate.
"I saw her," she said. "Nuzzling up to you. Getting in the limo. Where did you go? Her place or yours? Not mine, dammit. I want you out of here."
Her hair looked thick and healthy with the gray threads shining in the sunlight. When he reached down to touch it, she pushed away his fingers.
"Look at me," he said, dropping his hands to her shoulders, eyes on high beams. They didn't melt Janine. She'd seen it before.
"Don't try to spin me, Jeff, there's nothing left to stroke. Remember?"
He followed her into the living room and sat down on the couch while she went into the kitchen. She returned with a tray, cups, a basket of herbal teas and a kettle of hot water.
"Why did you send that girl down here? She wanted to know everything about you. Everything."
"How much did you tell her?" he said, pouring hot water over a bag of Red Zinger. He watched the bag puff up and float, bleeding red into the boiling cup.
"Nothing that mattered."
Wrapping the string of the tea bag around his spoon, he squeezed the last red drops of tea into the cup. Janine never broke a promise, never welshed on a deal. The sanctity of sleaze, she called it: only a loser sells out another loser. And that wasn't her. "Thanks, Janny," he said.
"Don't thank me yet, Jeff. Who sent her?"
"The _Chronicle_ sent her. She's a reporter. She was after a story, that's all."
"Don't give me that. How long have you been fucking her?"
"I'm not fucking her. I'm not fucking anyone."
"Don't lie to me. I know the weasel word twisting. When did you stop fucking her, or is she just blowing you, so it doesn't count? What's the truth, Jeff?"
"I swear to God, I never slept with her."
"Why not?"
"You know damn well why not."
"You're right, sweetie. I do."
"It's not the way you think. I don't want to run without you. I don't think I can anymore."
"What's the matter with you, Jeff? They will start with your personal life. When they get bored with that they'll go through every other drawer in your past. You think they're not going to find out?"
"Not if you don't tell them. I'm not interested in anyone. Except you. So why did you say all those things to Patrice?"
"Which ones?"
He saw the taut lines in her face beginning to soften. That was the way their fights had always run. The violent explosions, the after-spasms. Then calm. But they weren't there yet.
"That our understanding was off."
"I did say that, didn't I?"
"More than once. Over a girl who means nothing, an affair that never happened. With an ex-husband, I might add. And I stress the _ex_. You're the one who wants it that way. I don't. Never did. None of it makes any sense."
She pulled the red flannel shirt tighter across her flat chest, as if somehow hugging herself would keep away the past. "What you did to us, Jeff—did that make any sense?" She got up and started pacing the room in front of him, ticking off points on her fingers like a lawyer summing up a hopeless case.
"You're the one with the dreams, dear heart. Not me. You're the one with the guilty conscience. I never asked for your confessions. I didn't force you to tell me what happened. Like the spooks say, it was all need to know. And that includes Sarah Wilder."
Guilty as charged. He had dumped it on her the first night he woke up screaming and couldn't stuff it back. And she had told him it wasn't his fault and held him until he fell asleep. It had happened half a dozen times. She was always there, the cool arms wrapped around him, his head on her breasts. Then the cancer, the changes in her. And Sarah, who adored him, who made him feel young again... who was going to live. He was the one who had broken the deal.
She was crying now, no mascara to smudge, no foundation to run, the tears sliding down her fragile cheeks, dropping, disappearing into the soft red flannel. "Why did you have to do it? You never understood, did you?"
"Understood what?"
"You are a good man, Jeff. Who in that town could be your judge?"
He had arrived thinking she meant to take everything away. Now she was trying to offer him something. He curled his arm around her. This time she let it stay.
"You're too good for Washington, Jeff. I saw what you said yesterday about the F-44."
"I didn't mention the F-44."
She moved closer to him, put her head on his shoulder.
"Screw the White House," she said. "You don't need it, Jeff. You don't need it and I don't need it."
"You don't need it, Janny? So you're back in the picture?"
"Never left it, Jeff. You're the one who put Sarah between us. I was just getting even."
"What about now? Do you still want to get even?"
"What I want right now is to go to bed."
"You're right. I'd better go." He started to get up.
"That's not what I had in mind."
She took his hand and led him to the bedroom. The low yellow light made deep shadows on the familiar brass canopy. An Amish quilt lay across the bed.
She pulled it back, turned, faced him, started unbuttoning the red flannel shirt.
"What took you so long to get here?" she said.
He reached over and snapped off the lamp. The heavy old bed shook just slightly when they came together. In the darkness, they were buried under the warm quilt.
No bad dreams.
* * *
The next morning, as the sun came up over Chesapeake Bay, Senator Taylor sat among the schoolchildren on the Smith Island ferry, talking politics. "You really a senator?" one little girl in long blond pigtails who appeared to be about six years old asked him.
"That's right. Can I get your vote?"
"What'll you do for me?" she said, pulling her Lion King lunch pail closer to her side. So much for the people. Everyone trying for a piece of him before they even cut their permanent teeth.
But then, it was too nice a morning for cynicism.
The Porsche was waiting where he left it. He drove up the Eastern Shore, crossed the Bay Bridge, hit the Beltway and was back in Washington before lunch.
When he came into the office, Patrice was talking to Adelle. "How'd it go?" Pat asked, trying for the casual effect.
"Great," Senator Taylor said. "Come on in."
Patrice closed the door behind him.
Senator Taylor took off his jacket and loosened his tie. Then he sat down, put his hands behind his head and grinned at Patrice.
"I told you, you worry too much, my friend."
"What did she say?"
"She loves me, Pat. Never stopped."
"Wonderful. What about our deal?"
"We didn't really talk about that too much..."
"What _did_ you talk about?"
"Us. The Kennedys. The smart thing and the right thing."
"You're speaking in tongues, _chér_."
"Stay with me on this, Pat."
"We don't have a whole lot of time."
"Yeah, we do, more than you think. Like I told you, it went really well. You need to reach Gus and Remy before they come to your place tonight."
"All right. Anything else?"
"Yes." He felt good now. "The F-44 sucks, Pat. Tell them if they can't get that aircraft out of the hangar and into the air, I'm not going to get it out of the committee. If they can, we've still got room to talk. If they can't, that fucker's toast."
#
SEVENTY
#
*** Rock Creek Park ***
Message waiting.
When Abbie got up at four in the morning, the light on her machine was still flashing red with its bolt from the Grand Inquisitor. After she heard Sandy's voice, she had left it on. It had been that way all night. In the dark, when she got up to pee, she saw it there in the kitchen, blinking.
She couldn't fall back to sleep, so she phoned him. Two in the morning mountain time. No answer in his room. She finally raised Tim Grattan. He'd been in the bar babysitting Sandy.
"I told him you were on the horn trying to find him."
"What did he say?"
"He said he wasn't lost and he wasn't talkin'."
"What's bothering him?"
"Don't rightly know. Been drinkin' here all night, drinkin' more than talkin'. I'll pour him on the early flight and you can find out for yourself."
"What's been going on?"
"Just what I was about to ask you. They had another crack at Hyduk. Sheriff thinks he's at the bottom of the lake. Your guy found something the Night Stalker left for him, came back here all worked up, sayin' he had to talk to you. Now he's bellied against the bar, mutterin' to himself. Reminds me of Bob Hester."
"Stay with him, will you, Tim? I should've come, too—to help with Larry."
" 'Fraid no one can help with Larry."
She had hung up feeling rattled. Why hadn't she straightened everything out? What was she afraid of? That she might set him off again? Or that she might lose him? Not knowing what else to do, so she played the message again. This time she heard misery, not rage.
A jealous lover. A jealous lover who'd been anesthetizing himself with bourbon most of the night.
She could hardly wait.
* * *
When she got to the _Chronicle_ there was another message for her, this one taped to her keyboard.
_See me, please. Julian_.
From across the room, Becca shot her a stricken signal. What did it mean? Another night in the arms of Ben and Jerry?
Great morning. Get hit by a car and it would be perfect.
Julian's door was open and for once he wasn't talking on the phone. He nodded toward the hot seat next to his desk.
"I'm taking you off Jeff Taylor," he said, smirking.
"Why?"
"The senator's asking for another reporter."
"You can't do that, Julian."
"I just did. You didn't tell me everything about you and Senator Taylor, did you?"
"What do you mean?"
"You didn't tell me you've gotten personally involved."
"You're kidding."
"No, unfortunately for you, I'm serious. Stroking a source is one thing. Fatal attraction is something else. Little conflict of interest, wouldn't you say?"
"Conflict of interest? Come off it, Julian. There's nothing going on except in your dirty mind." Lying, sexist prick. Oh God, don't let it show, Abs. Fucking old boy network... come on now, Abs... _grotesque—absolutely grotesque_ —I can't believe this is happening to me.
"You're off the story, Abbie."
"You could at least listen to me, Julian."
"Who do you think is in charge here, Abbie?" He was studying her, as if she were a millipede crawling up his wall. "This is what's happening," he said. "You are going to go back to your gunrunning story. See if you can get someone around the CIA or NSA to double source it for you. Play this one straight and I'll get you some space."
"What's really going on, Julian?" Her voice was too shrill, she could hear it. "Why are you totally ignoring everything I've said?"
"Because none of it matters, Abbie."
"How can you let them push you around?"
He ignored the question. "Taylor suggested I give them someone who wouldn't get so worked up around him. He wants a guy."
"Don't do this."
"Go chase those guns," Julian said. He reached for the phone. "I think I'll send them Becca."
#
SEVENTY-ONE
#
*** Rock Creek Park ***
Abbie crawled into bed and slept for two hours. It was dark when she heard the sound of the door opening. Sandy didn't call her name. She could hear him rattling things in the kitchen. The smell of coffee floated up the stairs. For 10 minutes she waited, watching the clock beside her bed, her own anger growing in synch with the minute hand. Throwing back the covers, she stamped across the floor to her closet. _Thud, thud, thud_. She took out the red terry-cloth robe she used after workouts, the ugliest robe she owned. _Thud, thud, thud_. Back across the floor and down the stairs.
_Thud, thud, thud_.
He was sitting behind the kitchen table waiting for her. The coffee cup in front of him was still full.
A gray notebook was lying beside the coffee cup. He picked it up and tossed it across the table. "Read it," he said. "You're screwing around with quite a guy."
The voice of the eternal male. Arrogant, overbearing when hurt. She felt a current of rage, then, abruptly, she went cold.
Who needs this?
Why bother?
The brown lettering caught her eye. Hyduk again. Hard to decipher. Something about Wolf, the command bunker. Her eyes rose from the notebook. Sandy was staring at her.
"It's all there," he said. His voice was soft, but his eyes were bloodshot and he smelled hungover. "Go ahead, read it."
She opened the notebook.
_The gooks pushed back the outposts and were into the wire. Mines exploding, defenders blowing the 55 gallon drums of napalm we set up in the wire to slow atakers down. The Wolf raced back to the comand_ _bunker. I was lying on top of it and I could hear him yeling at Taylor. "Let me bring in the B-52s. They're up there on station. It's the only chance we got to save the camp. Get out of your bunker. Take a look."_
_Then Wolf draged Taylor out of the bunker and made him face the fight. I heard him saying, "We can hold if the B-52s arklite the gooks. The attack will buy us some time for the relief column to get here."_
_Taylor was out of it. No weapon, a total mess. He was just standing there. Then, before the Wolf could stop him, he ran to the bunker by the perimeter, pushed the detonator and blew the bridge. That cut off the rest of the team_.
_Wolf grabed him, whorled him around and smaked him across the face. Taylor fell down on the ground. Wolf booted him. He was lying there curled up like a baby, starting to cry. Wolf pulled out his pistol. I thought he was going to stitch the yellow bastard_.
_And that's when Wolf got hit. I saw his camo jacket jump—it had the radio and the SOIs tacked into it—and he fell_.
_I got down from the bunker, ripped off his jacket and tried to patch him up. I'm trying to stop the bleeding. The radio is blaring. The pilots are caling for targets_.
_Captain Taylor's hudled up against the wall of the bunker. I grabed Wolf's field jacket, with the ground to air radio and the SOIs, and tossed it to him. I said, "Get out there. Take comand. Talk to the forward controlers. Be a man." I pointed Wolf's pistol at him and told him if he didn't get moving I'd blow him away_.
_Then I draged Wolf into the bunker. I was patching his wounds. He was hit real bad. I was giving him morphene when Taylor came back into the bunker. He crawled over in the corner and started to bawl. That was when I realy wanted to waste him_.
_Then one of my security guys yeled and I ran outside just in time to see the main attak. It came right thru the approch Wolf had tried to clobber. It was just like he had known where they were coming from_.
_But by then, it was all over. The gooks were wasting our guys, killing the wounded. I took up a firing position in the bunker near where the bridge was blown and started picking off the little mother fuckers. At first there was no way they could get at us, because they couldn't get across the ditch. I must have killed 20 of the little shits_.
_But then they turned their recoiless rifles and mortars on us. Shit rained in. I saw the comand bunker take a hit and colapse and figured Taylor had bought the farm_.
_Then I got hit and the lights went out_.
_Next thing I knew, I was in a hospital and it was 1969_.
Abbie looked up from the notebook at Sandy.
He was staring at her the way he had looked at the kid on the motorbike in Zagreb.
"Where were you last night?" What was this District Attorney crap?
"Oh, c'mon Sandy. You're not my father, for God's sake."
"Where were you?"
"Since when did we start spying on each other?"
"I didn't need to spy. You were on fucking ABC, for Christ's sake. You couldn't get into that limo fast enough. It looked like you were going to wrap your legs around him before the door got closed."
"Do you know how stupid you sound?"
"Cameras don't lie, Abbie. People do."
"Oh really? You think you've caught me with my pants down giving Jeff a good time as we flashed down Pennsylvania Avenue? You don't believe everything you read in the papers, do you? What makes you think it's any different with TV? Cameras lie all the time."
"Fuck that, Abbie. I'm gone twenty-four hours, and look at you."
"I was working."
"You sent me away. Why? Why were you so eager to get rid of me? So you two could get together again?"
Again? What was this _again_?
"You're sleeping with him, aren't you?"
"That's not true. What's gotten into you?"
"He told the General, Abbie. The General told me Jeff knew a lot more about you than I do. I didn't understand what he was saying, but I sure do now."
"Fuck the General, Sandy."
He looked as if she had fragged him. "Yes, right, nice girls don't talk that way," she said. "Well, pups, I don't feel nice right this minute."
For a moment, he seemed to hesitate, but she could see he was only regrouping. "I asked if you and Jeff were sleeping together." He was holding the coffee cup in both hands, as if he meant to crush it.
"I told you, no. No. _No_."
He put the cup down. His hands were shaking.
"I think you're lying to me."
"You don't want love, Sandy, you want unconditional surrender. I don't work that way."
"You're an asshole, Abbie. This isn't about war. I can't handle sharing you with anyone else." He picked up the coffee cup and banged it back down on the table. "No fucking way."
"Sharing? Is that what this tantrum is about? You're _not_ sharing me. I'm not sleeping with anyone but you. Including Jeff. Especially Jeff. But if I were, it would be your fault."
"My fault?"
"Remember Fort Myer? Remember me? Standing there drooling over you? You were the whole reason I showed up—and you just blew me off. Don't say you didn't. You had your tongue hanging out all over that Carrie Perkins. And when you blew me off, it really irritated me, okay? So, yes, I went off with your precious Jeff. I even thought about road-testing him. But don't forget, _you_ are the one who gave _me_ the big miss."
"I was just trying to find out about her father."
"That's why your pink thing was sticking out of your pants? You crack me up. What did you two do when you left? Rush over to Vital Statistics and look up his birth certificate? How are hers, by the way?"
"Not as good as yours. How was the road test?"
"It doesn't matter. It never happened."
"I thought you were running out on me."
She took his hands and put them on her hips.
"Feel that, pups? What's the difference between that other woman and me?"
"Lotta differences. I—"
"What's the most important?"
"What?"
"I'm here I mean, look at us, pups, duking it out. No quarter. Toe to toe. _That_ is the point. _We're both here_."
"So why don't you leave?"
"Because, you fucking idiot, it's my apartment. Not to mention that I happen to love you."
"What a way to put it."
"Best I can do."
He started to laugh. And then his arms were around her, carrying her up the stairs. She snapped off the light next to the bed. In the dark, he felt her cool body brush over his and she slipped under the sheets. His fingers touched the amulet dangling from her neck, moved to her breasts. He felt her nipples stiffen.
"Why are you doing this?" he said, as she kneeled over him and took him inside her.
"Are you asking what's in it for me?"
"Mmmmmmmmm. Uh huh."
"You."
She kissed his eyes, tasted salt on his cheekbones. And when they made love this time, it was as good as love gets.
#
SEVENTY-TWO
#
**Crockett Plantation** *** South Carolina**
Driving the T. C. Johnson meat wagon wasn't Barry's idea of good duty, but it beat checking IDs at the plant gate. He jammed the white ambulance into high gear and took the back way to the coast. It was four in the morning. No need to turn on the siren.
An hour earlier, he had gotten the call to pick up a company ambulance. When he drove it onto the airstrip two med-techs began horsing a stretcher out of the twin-jet. A man was strapped to the stretcher, his face and hands swathed in bandages as if he'd been burned. The restraints around his chest, wrists and legs were tight. To Barry's surprise, Remy Fair was supervising the transfer.
"Where's Ed Train?" he asked.
"You taking roll call this morning, Mr. Barry?"
"No sir," he stammered. Civilian life was making him slack, giving him a flap jaw.
"Train's been hurt, Barry. Gas stove blew up in his face." He nodded to the ambulance. "You're taking him to Crockett Plantation. We'll patch him up there."
"He don't look too good, Mr. Fair. How bad is it?"
"Bad. Better move on out—they're expecting you."
Mr. Fair didn't say who "they" were or why the med-techs had sidearms. But Barry didn't ask any more questions.
They hit the road, the techs in the back with the litter. Barry drove through Trio and Earles to Andrews and State 521, then went south, on through North Santee and down to Crockett.
Crockett Plantation was T. C. Johnson's corporate retreat. Barry had been there on a milk run two weeks earlier. Not a milk run, exactly. He had delivered a case of liquor and three cases of shotgun shells, 12s, 16s and 20s.
Mr. Fair had come down with a couple of senators and the deputy editor of the _Washington Chronicle_ for a weekend in the duck blinds. The 12s and 16s were for them, two big dudes with heavy shoulders and fat guts, and one newsguy who wore some kind of English game coat. The 20s had puzzled him until he saw this little guy puttering around with the others, like he was some kind of mascot. Give him a 16-gauge and he'd blow himself back to the Beltway.
The next morning before sunup he had heard them out on the estuary shooting like there was no tomorrow. They fired off a few hundred rounds and came back with a couple of canvasbacks, three mallards and a blue-wing teal. Great white hunters. Gave them to the chef for dinner. So now they had used up the three cases of shells, they spent the rest of the weekend polishing off the booze and enjoying the pleasure of T. C. Johnson's imported good-time girls.
He saw the North Santee coming up ahead of him. Crockett Plantation was an island in the river, where the Santee widens out and heads into the Atlantic. Not precisely an island. A concrete bridge and causeway connected it to the riverbank.
At the security gate, he fished his ID out of his wallet. A guard checked it, then waved him on. No one said anything. The gate was made of some kind of wonder metal from the plant. It rose like a portcullis and he drove through it into the company castle.
Once he was across the causeway, the road twisted along the riverbank then turned and headed past several small clearings in the palmettos for the center of the island. At the end of a long alley of oaks, a fine old plantation house rose like Tara in the morning mist.
Off to one side were a dozen small houses made of brick, the old slave quarters. As he was driving up through the oaks, a tech dressed like the ones in the back of the meat wagon stepped out of the last hut and waved him over.
The three med-techs went into the brick hut together, and Barry climbed up into the back to take a look at the passenger.
Nothing to see but bandages. He heard a low groan.
"Water."
The voice was raspy, hoarse. The guy was awake, moving his shoulders against the restraints.
"Easy, Ed. You'll hurt something."
Another groan. More shoulder action. Barry pulled back the blanket and saw that Train was struggling to reach into his pocket. Reaching over to help him, Barry felt something metal, thin, like dog tags, and pulled them out. Lying on his palm now. Not dog tags. Dog licenses. Two of them.
Weird shit.
"What the fuck are you doing in there?"
The voice behind him didn't sound much like a medic.
"Just squaring things away," he said.
"Take a hike," the tech said. Nasty piece of work. The other two techs came out of the brick hut. "What's the matter, Phil?" one of them said as they walked up.
"He was in with the prisoner."
"Hey, I'm sorry," Barry said, stalling, thinking as quickly as he could. "I thought you had him out of there. I was just checking the rack, making sure it was secure. Didn't want it rattling around on the drive back."
"You ain't driving back just yet," Phil said. "Mr. Fair wants to see you. They got a room for you over at the slave huts. He'll be down later."
"I'll take the ambulance and lock 'er up," Barry said. Closing his hand over the dog licenses, he got behind the wheel. His cell phone was lying on the seat next to him. As he drove over to the house, he put in a call to the _Chronicle_.
The reporter picked up on the first ring.
"Abigail Mancini."
"It's Barry. I'm at Crockett Plantation down on the Santee, on the river between Sampit and McClellanville. Something weird's going on. Train's had an accident. Fair rolled me out of the sack this morning to drive the colonel down here. He's all bandaged up like a mummy. Anyway, Train's coughing and asking for water and when I try to help him he gives me these two things that look like dog tags. For-real dogs. All it says on 'em is Mike and Jake. I don't know what it's all about, but it doesn't add up. Fair says it's Train, but why'd the doc call him a prisoner?"
Barry pulled up to the curb just beyond the main house. No one in sight yet.
"The guard at the front gate's packing plenty of heat, and I saw a rover on security over behind the skeet range. Must be three or four other guys hanging around. Delta types. Bad dudes. I'll do another recon and call you later."
He shut off the engine and shoved the cell phone in the glove compartment.
* * *
Abbie put down the receiver and looked at her notes.
Mike and Jake?
She heard Hyduk's voice beside the grave in the woods—"You're the one Mike and Jake saved"—heard the clink as he dropped the dog tags into his pocket.
Had to be.
Grabbing the phone, she punched out a number. "Pups. Listen to this. He isn't dead."
"Slow down, Abbie. What are you talking about?"
"It's Larry, pups. Larry. As in H-Y-D-U-K. He's alive."
#
SEVENTY-THREE
#
*** Arlington ***
The General was standing in front of the Wall looking at the picture of Terry Grant Caine. Unhooking it, he put it on his desk. _'Til my trophies at last I lay down_. The line from the hymn welled up in Sandy's mind like a month of bad Sundays.
"I want you to have this," the General said.
The blank place on the Wall looked like a smile missing a tooth. "It belongs here," Sandy said. "You keep it." He crossed the room and put the picture back on its hook. Then he pulled out the gray notebook and tossed it on the desk. "Here's something for you."
The General opened the desk drawer. His reading glasses were next to the .45. Putting them on, he leaned over Hyduk's notebook.
"What is it?"
"You wanted the facts. I think you should read it."
The General examined the brown scrawl on the first page. As he started to read, Sandy watched his expression shift, the first flicker of surprise fibrillating into shock.
"Where did you get this?" Bewilderment in his eyes now, as if the notebook had been written in Greek.
"Perkins was right. Alex was not yellow. It was Jeff."
"I asked you before, what is this?"
"Bangalore torpedo. Right under the wire. I saw your face when it went off. You know what you felt blowing past you right then? All your lies."
The General shut the notebook. "What kind of idiot do you think I am? That thing's obviously a forgery. Who did you get to do it for you? The newspaper girl?"
"Abbie's the real deal. Jeff's the fake. They gave the medal to the wrong guy. And someone sure as hell wants to shut me up. Shit happens. This time we can clean it up. You with me and my father or with them?"
He pointed to Hyduk's notebook. "You're the one who always played God with the Caines. All right, there's the gospel, chapter and verse. _The Caine Honor Redeemed_." He pulled the photograph of ODA 351 from his jacket pocket and flipped it on top of the notebook. "While you're at it, why don't you stick that on your goddamned Wall?"
"It's all so simple for you, isn't it?" the General said. For the first time, he looked defensive.
"What?"
"The truth. You go out and dig up Alex's body and bring it in here and dump it in front of me." He pointed to the photograph. "Now Alex is lying there between you and me and everything stinks to high heaven. You're telling me Jeff's a fraud and my oldest friend has been lying to me for thirty years. You expect me to pin another medal on you?"
From that zone beyond rage, where truth begets the furies, the answer came to Sandy. "You wanted Alex dead, didn't you? You've always wanted him dead."
"You're out of line, mister. Stand down. You're dismissed."
"Dismissed? I'm just beginning. Who said the truth was simple? Not me, goddammit. You think I'm enjoying this? Someone pissed on your son's good name, and now someone's out to get me."
"That's enough."
"How could you be so blind? All those years _you_ were the one who painted Alex lousy, you were the one who wanted to believe the worst of him. You never did try to find out the truth, did you? You couldn't even open his footlocker. You hated him. If you'd spent all your time trying to invent a way to ruin his life, you couldn't have done it better. You dumped him on the Putnams when he wanted to be with you. He spent his life thinking there was something wrong with him because his father, General God, didn't want him around. Nothing he did was good enough for you. He got killed trying to meet your impossible standards."
"You're talking through your hat, soldier."
"Back off, General. Look at yourself. You think Alex killed Elizabeth. Just by being born. You told her you'd be with her and you weren't. So you blamed a baby and spent the rest of your life mooning over a stupid love song from 1939." Sandy went over to the phonograph and yanked the record off the spindle. It broke in his hands. *She died. It wasn't your fault. No one was to blame. But you ran away. You wrote off Alex and started running the day he was born."
"Stop it, Captain. Stop right there."
"You've been running since 1942. You never stopped running." Sandy dropped the two jagged pieces of the record in front of the General. "There's only one coward in the Caine family," he said. "You."
"Damn your soul, Sandy. What do you know about love?"
"You're the commander in chief of the Caines. Are you just going to buy another Sinatra record and keep on running, or are you going to do something?"
The General's hand shot forward. For an instant, Sandy thought he was reaching for the gun. Instead he picked up the two pieces of the record and held them in front of him like a shattered mirror. "Holy mother of God."
When he looked at Sandy, he had the eyes of a man with a cauterized soul. "Let's go talk to Gus," he said. "Gus is where we'll start."
#
SEVENTY-FOUR
#
*** Washington, D.C**.
They drove across town in the General's black Cadillac. With Sandy bringing up the rear, the General advanced on Buell's office like a HARM missile attacking a radar site.
Gus was on the phone when they came barging in. "Look, Remy. I said it can't wait. You get cracking now." When he saw the General he told Remy he'd get back to him.
"Morning, General," he said, trying to conceal his surprise. "I wasn't expecting you back so soon. How'd you like the reports? I told you that dog'll hunt."
"I'm not here to talk about the F-44, Gus." He flicked the notebook with a twist of his hand, as if it were a Frisbee. It hit Buell in the chest and dropped into his lap. "Take a look at that," he said. "I want you to tell me what it means."
Buell reddened.
"Jeff is a lying son-of-a-bitch and so are you, Gus," the General said. "I want to know why."
Buell scanned the notebook, then began to read it slowly. His dumbstruck expression looked genuine. "Where does this come from?" he said.
"Sergeant Lawrence Hyduk. The NVA didn't get him, Gus. They fucked up. So did you. You and that bullshit letter of yours. What was it you said, 'I'm sorry to be the one,' wasn't that it? What were you sorry about, Gus? The cover-up? The real cover-up?"
"Holy shit, John. I wouldn't lie to you. Remember _Bugle Notes_ at the Point? Page twenty-nine. 'A cadet will not lie, cheat, or steal or tolerate those that do.' "
Buell stopped and looked at Sandy and the General. He's telling the truth, Sandy thought. The showdown began to go out of focus.
"Christ, John, I couldn't be wrong about this." A look of pure anguish. "When Charlie Beckwith came in with the relief force, I was on the ground in less than thirty minutes. Just as soon as he opened an LZ. The NVA had dropped a round right on top of the command bunker. We cleared the debris as fast as we could. I was first through the bunker door, the first to see Alex. He was so shot up someone had torn off most of his brown tee shirt to bandage him up. But it was him all right. The guy I saw blow up the bridge."
The General grabbed the notebook and shoved it in Buell's face. "Then how do you explain this?"
Buell looked ashen.
"I don't know, General. As God is my witness, I don't know. I cut Jeff out of the cammo jacket with my own knife. At first I thought he was dead."
The jacket.
It hit Sandy like an AK-47 round. The goddamn jacket.
"Why did you cut it off, Gus? Why didn't you just pull it off him?"
"That was the medic's decision. Jeff was an inch away from checking out. His chest must've swelled up from the wound—the jacket was that tight. Probably a lot of internal bleeding."
Slow down, Sandy. Rewind the tape.
The present from Perkins. Tight fit, very French. Remember the snapshot? Jeff so broad across the shoulders, Alex so narrow? Only a guy built like Alex could wear it.
"Did the jacket have a ground-to-air in the pocket? Up on the chest?"
"That's right. The antenna was sticking out. How did you know?"
"And Alex was lying there shot to hell. In the tee shirt?"
"Yes."
"When you cut the jacket off, what was Jeff wearing?"
"What do you mean?"
"Under the jacket, what did he have on?"
"An OD tee shirt and his dog tags. Covered with blood."
"That's it."
The blur suddenly took on a focus as sharp as death.
"Don't you see it, Gus? You and Hyduk are both right. You both saw the same thing. The jacket was Alex's, Gus. Perkins gave it to him. It was Alex who kept the ground-to-air radio in it. It was Alex you saw out there leading counterattacks, directing strikes, running the show."
"Then why was Jeff in the jacket?"
"That's what Hyduk was telling us. When Alex got shot he dragged him into the bunker. He said he took off the jacket and started to patch Alex up. He said to Jeff, "Take command. Talk to the forward controllers. The SOIs were tied by a cord to the jacket and the radio was inside the jacket pocket. Jeff must have put it on to talk to the air controllers. Exactly. After he pulled on the jacket, the bunker took the hit, and that's how you found them, Gus. The jacket was too tight because it didn't fit him in the first place. He's husky. Alex was a beanpole."
Buell looked as if the bunker had just collapsed on him. He went to the bar by the window and poured himself a stiff scotch. For a while he stood looking down Connecticut Avenue toward the White House. Then he poured a second glass and returned to his desk.
"What do we do now?" he said.
"Not _we_ , Gus," Sandy said. "What are _you_ going to do to fix it?"
"What's the point?" Buell said. "It's too late. Let it go."
Sandy swept the glass off the desk. It flew through the air and struck the wall, leaving a dark stain shaped like a star. "Fuck letting it go," he said. "It's not too late. You're the one who was sounding off as if you were running the West Point Cadet Honor Committee. What we're talking about here is honor. My father's, my family's, mine, the General's, yours. The U.S. Army's, Gus. You ever look at that West Point ring on your finger anymore? What's that written on it? _Duty, Honor, Country_. Why don't you pull your finger out of your ass and read it?"
"I'm going to let that pass, Captain." Buell turned toward the older Caine, the two-star to the four-star, expecting support.
"Come into the conference room, General. I've got something to say to you. Alone. This isn't personal. We are talking national security here."
The General didn't move. "General Buell, anything you have to say to me you can say in front of my grandson. What happened was a mistake. I would have seen it the same way if those glasses had been in my hands. Now let's put it straight."
The purple shot back into Buell's cheeks and jowls.
"Screw that cadet crap, John. Jeff is going to be the next president. We've been fucked since the Cold War ended. Every year the liberals go after the defense budget. Every year the Army gets smaller and weaker. Another couple of years we're going to be right back where we were before Pearl Harbor, only this time it's going to be the Chinese who kick us to hell and back. I know damn well you don't believe all that bullshit about peace dividends. Peace sellout's more like it. We have real enemies out there. Some of them right here in this country with the audacity to consider themselves good Americans. Jeff can change all that."
"How's he going to do that, Gus?"
"The people love him and we own him. Look at the polls. The people fawn on him. He'll draw his power from them and we'll do the rest. He's the only guy in Washington who can knock off that limp-dick liberal up the street."
"You're raving like a madman, Gus. Sure, we've got terrorists, but there are no big enemies out there. I'm not saying there won't be. But not now. Don't think there's any way I'm going to let this go."
The smell of spilled scotch floated through the room like methane over a garbage dump. "What are you going to do?"
"I'm going to ask for an investigation," the General snapped. "I'm going to the FBI and I'm going to ask the director to check out your T. C. Johnson and Company. We're going to find out if anyone around there thinks murder in the service of liberty is good for the bottom line. Then I'm going to pray that you and Jeff aren't that person." The General rose, wheeled around and left. Sandy grinned at Buell and followed him out the door.
When they were gone, Buell rose slowly and found himself a clean glass. He poured four fingers of milk in with the scotch this time and took it down in two swallows. Then he went back to the desk and picked up the phone. "You still there? I told you—get up here ASAP. We're in an end game."
#
SEVENTY-FIVE
#
*** Crockett Plantation ***
The afternoon sun streamed through the little window in the slave hut. Barry watched it play over his feet. Eight hours he had been waiting. Still no sign of Mr. Fair.
_Click. Click_.
He tapped the thin metal tags against his teeth. No way to tell what they were. Maybe the reporter and Captain Caine knew. His cell phone was about out of juice. He'd use the phone over at the main house.
Retracing his steps up the drive, he went into the house and climbed up to the second floor. Somewhere in the basement the furnace was rumbling. The guest wing was warm. As he approached 8A he saw the guard, a big man leaning back in a folding metal chair. The guy didn't look like a med-tech. He had broken the back of a paperback thriller and spread it across one knee.
"Got Colonel Train in there?" Shooting Barry a quick look, the guard nodded and returned to his paperback.
The billiard room was down the corridor and around the corner. The place was big enough for a Rockefeller, pool table, old sucker made of oak with leather sidepockets. Beyond the table was a rack for the cues and next to the rack was a wall telephone. He fished out the card with the reporter's home and office numbers on it. Three rings No answer.
"This is Abigail Mancini. I'm not able—"
Okay, then, a message. "Barry, again. I'm getting a real bad feeling about this place. They've got Colonel Train in 8A up on the second floor of the main house. Guest wing. Very bad-looking guy outside the door. With an Uzi, instead of a stethoscope. Call you from Rawlsville tonight."
Barry hung up. Walking over to the billiard table, he picked up two cues and replaced them in the rack. Police the place. Mr. Fair hated a mess.
A hundred yards to the west of the big house, a tape deck in the security building automatically rewound, then beeped. _Whirrrrrrr, whirrrrrrrrs, beeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeep_. Tad Parsons, the duty officer, logged the call. Then he picked up his headphones, transcribed it and slid the transcription into an envelope marked "RF Eyes Only." Sealing the envelope, he went into the next room and dropped it on the chief's desk. After that, he got a Coke out of the machine and returned to his copy of _Soldier of Fortune_.
* * *
Coming out of the drug haze, Hyduk could feel the bare metal of the bedsprings cutting into his back. The bandages were gone, but when he tried to sit up, pain sliced into his wrists and ankles. Opening his eyes, he saw the wire bracelets and anklets binding him to the bedsprings.
He tried to turn on one side. One of the med-techs was sitting on a stool behind a box, fiddling with a crank. Standing next to him was a tall guy with a microcassette recorder in his hand.
"Good afternoon, Sergeant Hyduk," the tall guy said. "Great day to be alive. For most of us."
"Where am I?"
"You're in shit, Larry, and if you don't play ball, it'll get deeper. That story you made up about Senator Taylor, who did you tell it to?"
"What story?"
The tall guy nodded at the med-tech, who grinned and cranked the box. An excruciating pain shot through Hyduk's balls. Just short of unconsciousness, he felt the current stop.
"Nice try, Larry. But I want you to stay awake." The tall guy kneeled next to the steel bed and pushed the microrecorder up near Hyduk's mouth. "Now you're going to tell me exactly what you told Captain Caine and that cunt from the _Washington Chronicle_."
"What are you talking about?"
The white pain shot up again, then subsided to red, the red to black. Jesus, don't let it start again. The tall guy seemed to be thinking something over.
"Okay, Larry, we'll talk later. Maybe you'll be more in the mood. But right now, listen very carefully. Here's what I want you to say: 'My name is Lawrence Hyduk, Staff Sergeant, RA11242907.' Not so hard, is it? Just name, rank and serial number."
He put the microrecorder next to Hyduk's mouth while Larry began to say his name. "Thank you, Larry, that was wise. And here's something to help you remember I don't like to be kept waiting."
The tall man nodded to the guy with the crank.
White-hot ball bearings in his scrotum, a red rod of pain searing into his rectum. Darkness welling up. Let it come, let me go out, God, let me go out.
The tall man was smiling. He hadn't used the box since Vietnam.
* * *
Tad Parsons dropped the magazine into a steel wastebasket and looked at the clock. An hour since he logged the phone call. He was reaching for the phone when Remy Fair came in.
"Something you ought to see, sir. Straight off. It's on your desk."
"Thanks, Tad."
Fair came out of his office a few seconds later.
"Where is he?"
"Out in the hut."
Barry was laying on the bed, his head turned to one side on the pillow, snoring softly.
Remy slipped a 9-millimeter Beretta out of his holster and screwed on the silencer. He stepped to the bed, folded the pillow over Barry's face, and fired two shots through the soft down.
_Psst, psst_.
No more noise than a sentry's whisper.
He put the Beretta away and went back to his office. "I've got to go up to Washington," he told Tad Parsons. "Clean up the huts. Our phone boy's gone and shot himself. Handle it."
Easy assignment, Remy thought, heading for the chopper out on the lawn. Not much blood. The pillows and mattresses at Crockett Plantation were absorbent and highly combustible. The furnace could use a workout.
#
SEVENTY-SIX
#
*** Georgetown ***
The twin-jet touched down at quarter to eight. Half an hour later, the limo dropped Remy off in Georgetown. He got a quick hamburger at a little place just off M Street, then walked the rest of the way.
The lights were out. Pat was away at Remy's suggestion. No need to get him involved. Or Gus. Remy walked around to the garden and took the key out of a drawer in the elaborate barbecue grill. Letting himself in through the garden door, he got out the Jack D. and sat down on the couch in the dark.
At ten o'clock the light in the vestibule went on. Taylor stepped into the living room, groping for the switch. Remy pulled the chain on the lamp next to the couch.
"Evening, Senator."
Taylor's hand dropped. "Jesus, Remy, you scared me. You taking up a new line of work? Cat burglaries?"
"Nope. Just sitting here thinking."
"Where's Gus? Where's Pat?"
"We won't be needing them. You want a drink?" Remy tilted his glass toward the senator.
Taylor looked at him with distaste.
"I'll pass."
"Fine with me, let's talk about our little bird. Why don't you grab a chair? What do you think about the reports?"
Taylor walked over to the couch and looked down at Remy. "I think I'll stand. This won't take long."
"Suit yourself. What's the verdict?"
"Didn't Pat tell you?"
"Nope."
"I think you've got a lemon, Remy. I can't vote for it the way it is now."
"Is that a fact?"
"I can't do it, Remy."
From the couch, Remy's foot shot out, catching Taylor just below his game knee. With a searing flash of pain, the leg collapsed. The senator fell.
Remy rose slowly and pinned the injured leg to the carpet under his shoe.
"Are you all right, Senator?" he said. "Isn't it awful about accidents? They say the worst are the ones that happen around the house."
Taking the microrecorder from his pocket, he waved it in front of the senator's eyes, as if it were a remote controlling all his channels. "I'm here to tell your future, Senator," his thumb over the side of the recorder, feeling for the volume dial. "And I'm happy to say it's a bright future. Very, very bright. First, you're going to vote for our little bird and make sure all your friends do. Then you're going to be President of the United States."
Sliding the volume control all the way up, Remy leaned over and started whispering. "I know what you're thinking, Senator. You're thinking, 'Why should I listen to Remy Fair?' You'll just pretend to agree and deal with me later.
He put a little weight on the leg. "Don't think that." Taylor's face went white. Leaning back, Remy put the recorder on the side of the senator's face, resting it next to his ear. Then he pushed the play button:
"MY NAME IS LAWRENCE HYDUK," a voice roared. Remy rolled his thumb to soften the volume. "Staff Sergeant," the machine whispering now. "RA11242907. On August 26, 1966 I was in Vietnam on top of a bunker at Lang Vei Special Forces Camp..."
#
SEVENTY-SEVEN
#
*** Smith Island ***
Through the rear window of the kitchen, Janine could see the dinky skiff bobbing at the dock. Last pull of the season. She was sitting at the table nursing a second cup of tea before going to the boat. Raising the cup to her lips, she saw her fingernails and smiled. The morning Jeff left, she'd spent half an hour painting them. First time in years. A whim. It made her think of their first weeks in Washington, when Jeff was the flavor of the month in the House, the rush she felt dressing each evening for their next triumph. After midnight, the crescendo of sex.
Should she take him back? Help him? It had been good in bed. She pulled her hair back into a tortoiseshell band set with small bits of turquoise. A present from Jeff. For coaching him through his first congressional race. Maybe she could start coloring her hair again. The semipermanent stuff was supposed to be okay.
Outside it was warmer than she expected. The outboard started on the second crank. As the skiff veered toward the distant line of orange floats, she started to hum. Ah Janine, you incurable romantic. The truth was she would always love him.
From the pot under the first float, she pulled a gorgeous sook. For a moment she watched it scuttling in the well, red claws jabbing like boxing gloves, then she fished out the soft-bodied female and released her into the bay. Not today, she thought. Today she'd only keep Number One Jimmys.
She looked up and across the water. From behind the point at the far side of town, a Boston Whaler, 18-footer by the lines of it, was hydroplaning toward her, its engine cutting through the quiet morning like a ripsaw. Jerk in a black watch cap.
The cage was heavy coming up through the water. Two large males. Were they glowering at each other? Or her? Serves you right, she thought, flipping them into the empty well. Greedy guts. Turning her head to get a fix on the next float, she saw the Whaler veering toward the skiff. The guy in the watch cap stood up behind the wheel and raised his arms apologetically.
Oh, shit. Too nice a morning to yell at him. His arms came down, then he shot back up. She saw the funny-looking gun in his hand. It looked like a child's toy.
_Paaah_.
She felt a sharp pain in her chest and looked down. A dart was sticking out of her chest. In the middle. A wave of dizziness swept over her.
Where my cleavage used to be, she thought, giggling softly.
She heard a roaring in her ears. The bay turned black. And the sky.
She didn't hear the thud as she fell across the scarred thwart of the skiff. Or the sound of the hairband skittering off into the water. Working quickly, the man in the watch cap took the skiff's painter and tied it to a cleat on the Whaler, rafting the two boats. Reaching into the bow of the skiff, he grabbed the anchor line and wrapped it tightly around one of Janine's slender legs. She was pretty good-looking for a bitch her age. Then he dropped it over the side. It sank quickly, jerking her body forward until it jammed on the forward thwart. He put his arms around her waist and lifted her onto the gunwales. Then he lowered her into the water.
There was no splash. She sank into the shallow water, her wind-breaker swirling around her like a moulting skin.
The man in the black watch cap stood up. When the stream of bubbles rising from the bottom stopped, he pulled the anchor line to make sure it had caught.
He looked at the sky. No clouds, no rain, not much wind. Stepping into the Whaler, he cast off from the skiff. The return trip would be easy.
#
SEVENTY-EIGHT
#
*** Arlington ***
The General couldn't understand it. All morning he had been at his desk working the phones. Getting nowhere. No answer from the Secretary of the Army. No return call from the Army Chief of Staff. Nothing from Jeff Taylor.
At ten o'clock, Melba brought him a fresh pot of coffee. "You look terrible," she said. "Don't you think it's time you got dressed?" He was still in his silk pajamas and robe, gray stubble spreading across his chin. He looked at her blankly. "What's the matter with you?" Melba asked him as she poured him his fourth cup of the morning. "Between you and Sandy, this house is becoming a crazy place."
He shrugged.
"Where is he?" she asked, frowning. "I haven't seen him since last night."
The General rubbed his hand across his jaw. First time in 10 years he hadn't been shaved and dressed by 5:00 A.M. "He's probably with that reporter."
"Not _that_ reporter," she murmured, as if she were thinking out loud. " _Su corazón_."
"What did you say?"
" _Nada_. What's wrong, my General? Are you all right?"
He put up a hand to silence her. "Not now. Not until I finish these calls."
Shaking her head, she picked up the dead coffeepot and left. In his mind, the General ran through everything again. Who knew about Jeff? Sandy and the reporter, their mystery man from Montana, Gus—and if Gus, presumably Remy.
And Jeff.
Jeff all along. Jeff the replacement son. Always. How could the miserable bastard live with himself?
Looking up from his desk, he caught a glimpse of his face in the mirror over the fireplace. Melba was right. He looked like hell. One more call and he'd go clean himself up.
Turning the pages of the old leather book next to the phone, he found the number he wanted. The White House operator put him through to Tom Grant. Early on in Vietnam, Grant had distinguished himself as one of the General's hotshot division advisors in the Delta. The President had made one or two intelligent moves, he thought, waiting on hold. One of them was making Tom his National Security Advisor.
"Good to hear from you, General," he said cheerfully. "What can I do for you, sir?"
"Got a hot one, Tom. I need a few minutes with the President."
"Everybody in the world does, sir. You know that. What's it about?"
"I can't talk about it on the phone. It's serious."
"How serious?"
"Like cost-you-the-election serious."
A pause.
"You just said the magic words." He put the General on hold. Five minutes later, he came back on the line.
"Four o'clock tomorrow afternoon. I'll leave word with security to bring you here."
"Thank you, Tom, I wouldn't..."
"I know that, sir. You can brief me when you get here and I'll take you in myself."
The clock was now running for them. Much better than the other way around. At the reporter's apartment, no one was answering when the General tried to reach Sandy. Just the machine.
Feeling like a fool, he forced himself to recite the morning's news.
"Sandy, this is your grandfather. We have movement. I'm seeing the President tomorrow at four. Gus called this morning. Said he feels like a louse. I'm beginning to believe that he didn't know. He said if Jeff couldn't explain, he'd just have to go out and buy himself another senator. Jeff's not returning my calls. I'll be at the stables from four to six, then home."
He showered, shaved and got dressed. The rest of the afternoon, he pored over his files on the F-44. What was it he'd been missing?
* * *
Trask put a drop of oil on the whetstone. When it had spread across the surface, he started rubbing the blade of his boning knife against it. German steel across a dust of industrial diamonds. The blade made a sound like a razor on a five-day beard.
_Whiss, whiss, whiss_.
Across his wrist. A new line of blood next to the healing scar.
He should have cut her tits off in the truck and dumped her in the woods. But maybe it was for the best. What would Mad Max have said?
Fuck Max.
The Germans knew how to make a blade that took a good edge. He preferred a boning knife for utility work. It was light, strong, reliable.
"Fooooollllllllooooow herrrrrrr." Mad Max, you asshole, what do you expect? She was asking for it. She gave me the finger, didn't she?
When the blade was ready, he picked up the apple sitting on the table next to the tape deck. Northern spy. Late for the season but still firm. Placing the edge of the knife near the stem, he began to turn the apple, slowly, slowly, the peel coming off in a slice that twisted down toward his feet like a curling red ribbon.
Hey, anyone could slip in a place like that. Wanna try again, bitch? Anytime you want it.
The single spiral peel fell to the floor, the apple stood out in all its fleshy nakedness like a flayed skull. The lights on his control panel started to blink. The cassette in the tape deck began to turn. He reached over and flicked on the monitor.
"Hey, Tim. Sandy. Your dad got anything for me yet?"
"Could be. You home?"
"At Abbie's."
"Tell you what. Go get yourself a bag of quarters. Call me from a pay phone."
_Click_.
Trask rewound the tape, beeped Mad Max and logged on to "Hogs and Heifers." For twenty minutes he cooled his heels in the lounge, exchanging technoporn talk with someone named Happy Camper. Then he got what he was waiting for.
"Dear John, how they hanging?" Mad Max.
Trask looked at his notes and hit the keyboard.
"Pretty low, MM. New sound system sucks. Customer knows. Waiting instructions. DJ."
Happy Camper jumped in with a question about the First Amendment and censorship on the web. Trask blew him off with a hot link to the Library of Congress.
Then, Mad Max, back with the good word.
Terminate.
* * *
The morning shift was filling up the newsroom. Everything was still sluggish, the city's cynical heart had not yet started to pound. Abbie had been at her keyboard since five-thirty. Looking over, she saw she had forgotten to take her messages off the machine. She punched the button.
"Barry again. I'm getting a bad feeling about this place..."
She wrote down the message and put it aside for Sandy, wishing he'd check in so they could talk aboaut Larry. Returning to her computer, she finished the last graph on her story and read it through one last time. The catastrophe at Lang Vei, the case of the wrong war hero, the new witness, the death squad in Montana, Rawlsville—it was all there. She printed out a copy and headed for Julian's office.
He was reading the stock pages when she came in.
"You back already?" he said, folding the paper and reaching for his coffee. Other people used Styrofoam cups. Julian got his from the wagon, then decanted it into white Limoges from the set on his sideboard he kept for the _Chronicle_ 's owner and important guests.
She dropped the story in front of him.
"Tuzla at last. Shall we stop the presses?"
"Read it, Julian."
He started to turn the pages, dropping them one by one on his desk. When he finished, he stood up and closed the door. He was scowling at her.
"I don't believe you, Abbie. How could you do this?"
"It's all true."
"Why? Because you say so? You couldn't let Becca get a little leg up on you? Not even for one story? I thought you two were friends."
"Julian, that's holy shit stuff you're looking at. Get used to it. It's not going away."
"You're thinking with your box, Abbie. Use your brains. War hero versus some Unabomber clone who's lost his memory and his marbles, thinks people are trying to kill him. We'd be laughed out of town—besides getting the shit sued out of us. You want T. C. Johnson to own the _Chronicle_?"
"Back off, Julian. I'm not going to let you spike this one. Read the AP story on the shootout at Hyduk's. Bodies everywhere."
"No, kiddo, you back off. Get that cute little backpack of yours and clear out your desk. It's over. When I get back from lunch I want you gone."
She watched him push across the newsroom and disappear. Olivia Scott, the deputy foreign editor, was cringing beyond the door. "Who's he having lunch with?" Abbie asked her.
"I thought I heard someone say Mr. St. Jean was here—waiting downstairs."
* * *
Cunningham's Bar was a clean well-lit place down the street from the _Chronicle_. Malcolm, the bartender, was setting out glasses when Abbie and Becca walked in ten minutes later. "Little early, isn't it?" he said, looking at the clock. It always ran ten minutes fast, a small bonus for hard-core regulars who had trouble getting home to their mates on time. "I mean, even for you problem drinkers..."
The clock said ten-twenty.
"Shut up, Malcolm," Becca said. They ordered two Diet Cokes and took them to a booth in the rear of the bar. It took Abbie half an hour to bring Becca up to speed on the story.
"Pig fuckers. Every one of them," Becca said, stirring the Coke with the straw. "What do you want me to do, doll?"
Abbie handed her the folded hard copy of the story.
"Just hang on to this—and if anything happens to me, go with it."
"My, aren't we being melodramatic today? Nothing's going to happen to you."
"I've seen them, Becca. They scare the shit out of me."
"You need some insurance? Leak it to the _Times_. I mean, this time Julian has crossed the line."
Abbie shook her head. Becca got up, walked over to the bar and came back with a second round of Diet Cokes, two bright pink paper umbrellas sticking up through the ice. "Present from Malcolm. Mai tai surplus. He says to cheer up."
Abbie took the umbrella out and twirled it slowly in her fingers.
"I mean it, Becca. These guys are bad."
Becca pulled her handbag out from under the seat and started poking through it. Notebook, lipstick, credit cards, wadded tissue. Finally, an old key, nearly black with grime. She wiped it off with one of the tissues and handed it to Abbie. "Back door to my place. You go down there until we figure out what to do."
"I can't walk out on Sandy."
"I wasn't suggestin' divorce, darlin'. Take him with you. I cut off the phone for the winter, but there's one at Buzz Carraway's place over by the airfield. We're pals. Go see him. He'll turn on the heat and water and show you how to use the pump."
Abbie took the key. As they were pulling on their coats, she put her arms around Becca and hugged her, burying her face in Becca's warm collar. "You're a lifesaver," she said.
Becca rubbed her back gently. "Forget it, darlin'. Some girls will do anything to get laid."
* * *
The phone attached to the wall outside the Drug Fair on Connecticut Avenue looked like it had been dismembered. The receiver dangled six inches off the sidewalk, and the sidewalls were broken off. But a quarter in the slot still drew a dial tone. Sandy raised the operator and called Grattan collect.
"I'm back," he said. "Why the heads up?"
"This didn't come from me and it didn't come from Pop."
"And I never heard it anyway."
"Okay, they've been workin' on the shooters. The word from Butte is they were all pros. Former Delta, CIA types. Out of public service and into privatization. The three bozos we found were all on the pad at T. C. Johnson. Don't know about the others. They're still fishin' for 'em. You gotta get sharper. There's been too many grazin' shots. Listen carefully. Only guys on party lines get their fenders bent twice in one day. Do you understand me?"
"Got it."
"Okay. Keep usin' pay phones, stay in touch."
He called the _Chronicle_. Five rings, then Becca picked up.
"Deming."
"Becca, it's Sandy. Where's Abbie?"
"On the way home. She ought to be walking in any minute."
He felt a cold ball turn slowly in his stomach. One last quarter in his pocket. Dropping it in the slot, he punched out Abbie's number. Three, four, five rings. No answer. Then the machine. "You have reached Abigail Mancini. I'm not able..."
He looked at his watch. Five after eleven.
Abbie, Abbie, oh Christ, my love. Don't go home. He started to run. Behind him, the phone cord twisted slowly under its ruptured box.
* * *
Abbie tipped the driver $5 so she didn't have to wait for change and ran up the front path. Forget Larry. What she needed was to talk Sandy into a tactical retreat. How could she pull it off if she was shaking like a rabbit?
"Pups," she shouted. "I'm back."
Silence.
"Pups, it's me. You upstairs?"
She heard the television droning in her bedroom. MSNBC weather. She bounded up the stairs.
The room was empty. He must have left the set on when he went out. She snapped it off and went back downstairs. Walking over to the phone, she punched the message button.
"Sandy, this is your grandfather..."
Good news there. Maybe Becca was worrying too much.
Behind her, the door to the pantry opened. She didn't hear the soft soles cross the kitchen floor.
"Read all about it," Rubber Jack said softly, clamping his hand over her mouth and pressing the boning knife against her throat. "You ever hear of minding your own business, bitch?"
The knife was very sharp. It didn't hurt.
_Whiss_.
She felt it begin to slide, felt something warm begin to trickle under her chin.
The kitchen window shattered. A spray of blood hissed across the wall next to the phone. The floor suddenly tilted sideways, the phone was on the ceiling, the blood a cloud now, floating, all pink like high cirrus after sunset. And then night swallowed her up.
When she came out of it, Sandy was leaning over her, pressing his finger against the cut on her neck. "You're all right," he said. "It's only a nick." Next to the refrigerator, Trask was lying facedown on the floor. The shot from Sandy's 9-millimeter had blown off the top of his head.
Sandy leaned over and kissed her.
"Pups, I..."
"Shutting me up?"
He kissed her again. She sat up. Her throat was covered with a thin crust of blood. Sandy slowly took his finger away. The bleeding had stopped. He sat down next to her and took her face in his two hands and kissed her forehead.
"Where do you get your guts?" he whispered. "Don't leave me. Ever."
She rose slowly and leaned against the kitchen counter. Wobbly, but okay.
Trask was back in his Bell Atlantic gear.
"Who's that?"
"Rubber Jack aka your friendly neighborhood telephone man, Abs. Just paying you a little service call. Probably checking out his bugs. I saw him through the window. If I'd been here, it wouldn't have happened."
"If you'd been here you'd be dead. We both would."
She went into the pantry and took out a box of green garbage bags. Peeling a handful off the roll, she covered Trask's body.
"What do we do with him?"
"Leave him for the cleaning lady. Let's get out of here."
* * *
The little Geo tore down Rock Creek Parkway and crossed the Potomac at the Arlington Memorial Bridge. Up the hill toward the Kennedy Memorial, the white headstones in Arlington National Cemetery stretched off like rows of bleached dominos.
Quick or dead.
Sandy stepped harder on the gas.
As they headed down the George Washington Memorial Parkway, he checked the rearview mirror every few seconds. Abbie's head was down. She was still too shaken to talk. Just past the Pentagon, a black Dodge Ram with tinted windows fell in behind them. Through the tinted glass Sandy could see the shadows of four men. He picked up speed. At the turn off for National Airport, the Ram closed the gap.
Sandy slowed for the gate to the long-term-parking lot, then mashed the accelerator. Spinning the wheel, he screeched to a stop next to the outer fence.
The Ram pulled in next to them. Slowly, the black window started to slide down.
Abbie whirled toward the door.
The window came all the way down. In the passenger seat behind the tinted glass, she saw Sergeant Santana, Sergeant Mayemura and Sergeant Kruger. At the wheel was Master Sergeant Nathan Caldwell, United States Army, Special Forces.
#
SEVENTY-NINE
#
*** Arlington ***
The Truscott Stables were in Prince William County, out in the countryside between Manassas and Quantico. At three o'clock the General locked the F-44 files in his safe. Then he went up to the bedroom and changed into his riding breeches and boots. He parked in the lot behind the indoor dressage ring, Randolph Truscott's answer to the Spanish Riding Academy.
The tack room smelled of fine leather and money. It was like stepping into a Vuitton or Mark Cross showroom. When he came in, Calista Lewis, the stable manager, was replacing her saddle on the metal wall rack next to his. She was in her late twenties, a pretty blonde midwesterner. The General liked her. She knew more about horses than he would ever know about women.
Her saddle was an Hermès like his, buttery brown leather, perfectly tooled and stitched. A millionaire's indulgence. Miss Lewis was not rich. She called the saddle her engagement ring—her fiancé had bought it for her instead of a diamond. On her finger she wore the giant crystal rock the two of them had found on Wisconsin Avenue.
"Black Jack's not feeling good today," she said as the General took the bridle off its hook.
That made two of them. "What's bothering _him_?" he asked.
"Seems awfully jumpy. Probably nothing. Let me know if you want the vet."
He thanked her. Leaving the tack room by the side door, he walked down the stable aisle until he reached Black Jack's stall. The stallion was a Morgan, a rich seal brown registered as black, head and neck arched in perfect balance, hocks, stiffles, fetlocks and withers strong and graceful. He had paid $40,000 for Black Jack, named him after General Pershing.
The stallion was pawing at the shavings in the stall, tapping the floor like a furious aristocrat.
The General pulled back the bolt on the stall door.
"Easy, easy, easy," he crooned softly, slipping into the stall.
Black Jack tossed his head. His eyes were wide, crazy.
"Easy, Black Jack."
The General reached out his hand to pat the stallion's neck.
The whinny sounded like a scream.
Drifting back on his hind legs, Black Jack reared and kicked. One hoof caught the General on the temple just above the eye. A bright red splash of blood streaked across his forehead. He sank to his knees. And then the hooves came smashing down, wildly, again and again, until the General was lying still, his head pulped, silently bleeding into the white pine shavings on the immaculate stable floor.
* * *
Gus Buell got to Mona's at five-thirty. He had already finished the day's first bottle of scotch. He felt embalmed. The sauna would clean out his pores.
Mona was Sweden's contribution to the good life inside the Beltway. She was a tall blonde, six-feet-two, and quick with her powerful hands. Gus got undressed and lay facedown on the massage table. For 20 minutes he groaned blissfully as Mona worked out the knots in his neck and shoulders, the hard little marbles in the small of his back.
She tapped him between the shoulders. When he turned over, Mona looked at him professionally and started to pull down the sheet. He was limp as yesterday's linguine.
She started to bend over him. He pushed her away.
"Not today."
Shrugging, she stood up and left the room.
For a few minutes, he lay there reviewing the bidding. No way Jeff Taylor was going to get off this hook. The trick of it was not to go down with the senator, but right now, Gus felt in worse shape than the fucking F-44.
He got up from the table and went into the sauna. The door swung shut. Breathing in the dry heat, he lay down on the cedar rack and closed his eyes. The scotch was coming out of him like water from a sponge. He'd be all right for tonight. Remy needed taking down a peg or two. Shouldn't have put it off so long.
The heat was beginning to make him dizzy. What he needed was a quart of ice water. He stood up and pushed the heavy wooden door.
Stuck. Shit.
He shoved again, harder this time. His hand left a wet mark on the red wood, but the door didn't move.
Sonuvabitch.
He hit the door with his naked shoulder as hard as he could. It was like slamming into a wall. He bounced backward.
There was a small window in the door. He pounded on it with his fist.
" _Open the goddamn door_ ," he shouted.
But no one came.
He felt a flash of panic. Both fists on the window now. _Bang, bang, bang_.
And then he felt another thud, this one deep in his chest. First a deep pounding, then wild, squirming spasms, as if his heart had turned into a tangle of worms.
He fell to the floor. A tank was crushing his chest now. He felt himself drawn into its searing belly His eyes rolled up in his head. The squirming stopped.
An hour later, Mona looked through the window.
From the front of the door she pulled away a dolly with six boxes of new stainless steel free weights. 500 pounds dead weight. Rolling the dolly into the weight room, she unpacked the boxes and arranged the weights on her new steel rack. After that, she cut up the boxes, wrapped them neatly with string and put them into the Dumpster in the alley behind the massage parlor. Then she called the police.
#
EIGHTY
#
**Swift Run Gap * Virginia**
Abbie peered through the windshield of the black Ram. The dirt road tracking off the blacktop led up to an old farmhouse. White, early 1800s by the look of it, neatly painted, rust-red tin roof. Off to one side, at the edge of a cornfield cut back to stubble, was a matching barn; beyond the barn, a two-story henhouse.
She got out and unlatched the gate, leaving it open as she waved Nate on to the barn. To the west, the sun was dipping toward the mountains. She felt the chilly country air on her face. An hour of light left. Time to disappear. She'd feel better when it got dark.
Kruger and Mayemura were unloading the vehicle when she came up to the house. Behind the Ram, she saw half a dozen canvas duffels a little longer than her gym bag. Olive drab, zipped tight. Mayemura was handing Kruger the matching luggage: six MP5s. She recognized them from Mogadishu. It was amazing, really. Three months earlier she wouldn't have known the stock from the business end of a rifle.
She pushed open the front door. Inside, Sandy was standing next to the fireplace. Santana was kneeling, checking the draft. He already had a tent of Becca's fat wood kindling ready to torch.
Oh damn: the water.
"Hey, Nate," she said. "How about a ride? Got to go see a man about getting us some H2O."
Sandy glanced at her. "We'll all go," he said.
"Six is a crowd, pups. We'll tip off the whole county."
"You think a white chick and a black stud won't be noticed? They'll probably lynch both of you."
"The way things are going now _that_ would be an anticlimax." She headed for the door. "Come on, Nate. Let's go find Buzz."
* * *
They got into the Ram. Becca had said Buzz's place was on Route 810 about halfway between Charlottesville and Dyke.
"Dyke?" Nate said, looking over from the wheel.
"Don't turn pig on me. It's a town. An early influence, Becca likes to say."
"I've never understood them."
"What's to understand? Becca loves women. You do, too. Something the two of you have in common."
Nate laughed. "Never thought of it that way. Makes sense."
They turned off Highway 31 at Stanardsville and headed south down Route 810. The sun was behind the mountains now. Inside the Ram, the tinted glass made her feel invisible. An illusion, but comforting.
"There's something I don't understand, Nate."
"Go ahead. Lay it on me."
"Where did you guys come from? I've never been so glad to see anyone in my life. It was like Christmas morning." Nate reached forward and turned on the heater.
"Little chilly in here, wouldn't you say?"
"Come on, Nate. I won't put it in the paper. I can't anyway. Julian canned me."
"What for?"
"Nothing—I was set up. What made you guys show?"
"Coupla days ago, the Hawk gave me a heads-up. Called from Montana, I think it was. Said you might need some help. Yesterday he really started to yell, so we picked up a bunch of gear and hauled ass up here. There's a motel in Alexandria where we hung out until we got the word."
Abbie looked out the window for a while. "Why are you doing this, Nate?"
"What?"
"Don't give me that one-grunt shit. You're as bad as Sandy. You know what I'm saying."
"He'd do the same for me."
"That's it?"
"That's it."
"Guys," she said. "I don't understand guys."
Nate looked across the seat at her.
"What's to understand? The Hawk loves 'em, you do, too. Something _you_ got in common."
Abbie turned off the heater. "The Army didn't just kiss you goodbye. What did you tell them at Bragg? No secrets. Tell Abbie."
"I told the major I was gettin' married."
"You _what_?"
"Yeah, that's right. Elena and me. We're gonna tie the knot. Moved the day up some and I told the major I needed a leave. Sort of cheated on her age a little, made it seem like a baby's on the way."
"What about Santana? Kruger and Mayemura? What did they say?"
"They didn't say nothin'. I don't want no lies on the record. I _am_ gettin' married, and that's no lie. I told the major I needed them at my bachelor party and it was out of town. No lie there, either. We just didn't tell him what kind of party we was plannin'."
He eased up on the gas and slowed to 25 as they drove through the village of Dyke.
"You care 'bout somebody, you do what you gotta do. You know that."
* * *
The sign at the edge of the airstrip said BEN'S LANDING.
Caldwell cast a professional eye over the place. Paved strip, narrow but long enough. Not much company. One large hangar, couple single-engine jobs tied down to the field behind the hangar. Funky, real funky. He saw a light in a small window at the far end of the hangar and drove toward it. By the time he had the engine off, Abbie was already out and banging on the window. He fell in behind her.
The door next to the window swung open. A man in black overalls was standing there, midsixties, maybe, close-cropped hair. The eyes were wide set, practically over to the Dumbo-size ears. Sonuvabitch could probably see around corners. "Y'all lookin' fuh someone?" he said. Deep bass. Like something coming out of a 50-gallon drum.
"You Buzz Carraway?" Abbie asked him. "I'm Abbie Mancini. Becca sent us. She said you could help us get things going up at her place."
"Two a yuh stayin' up there?"
"With some friends," Abbie said.
The guy looked about as friendly as a Ku Kluxer. Where'd he keep his hood and white sheet?
Over the bull's shoulder, Nate saw what was in the hangar. "Be damned," he said. "That what I think it is?" He stepped past Abbie. Behind the bull, filling most of the hangar, was an old CV-7 Caribou cargo plane, olive drab, homely as a preacher's mother. The cowling was pulled back from the starboard engine. Bull had oil on his hands. Must've been working on her.
"How d'yuh know about 'em?" Buzz was looking at him more closely now.
"Clocked a lotta hours in 'em in the Nam," Nate said quickly. "Great plane, that's all. That one still work?"
"Yeah, she flies. When she's not bein' temperamental." He pulled a rag out of his rear pocket and wiped his hands.
"Yeah, well, all right, let me clean up and I'll follow yuh."
"Can I use your phone? I'll put it on my credit card."
"Ovuh next to the can." Tossing the rag onto a workbench, he pointed to the back of the hangar.
"How come Ben's Landing?" Nate said. Warm the big motherfucker up some. "Ain't no water in thirty miles of here."
"Not 'sposed to be."
"So why?"
"Well, since you're so goddamn nosy, I'll tell yuh why. See that plane there? Flew one like her a long time ago. So did a friend of mine named Ben. Killed in Nam. Muh best bud. Worse pilot evuh got off the ground at Tan Son Nhut. They sent us up to the Highlands. Flops and drops. SF camps, mostly. We were flyin' out of this little strip outside Nha Trang. Ever' time Ben came back from a mission the air controlluh would yell, 'Ben's landin',' and ever' sumbitch on the field would get out of the way."
He looked at Nate as if he'd explained everything.
" 'Scuse me, Buzz. That all?"
The bull snorted.
"Nah, not all. I got back home, ever' chickenshit com-symp and peacenik in Albemarle County was shittin' on Viet vets. I wanted all those draft dodguhs to keep outta muh face. Had enough dough saved to foot a mortgage so I bought this place and called it Ben's Landin'. Works for me."
"Where'd you get the Caribou?"
No answer. Buzz stripped off the overalls and hung them on a nail next to the workbench. Then he took down an old leather flight jacket. The cuffs were out, there were tears under both arms. It looked like it had been dragged across every runway from the Delta to the DMZ.
Buzz pulled on the jacket and walked up to Nate until the busted nose was about 6 inches away and maybe 3 inches above Nate's own.
"You're Army, ain't yuh," he said. "Written all over yuh." The old bull whacked him on the back. "Come on, brothuh," he said. "Les get ovuh there and get you some runnin' watuh."
* * *
When the three of them got back to the house, Sandy and the others were still cleaning the weapons. Buzz looked at the OD bags piled next to the couch. "Yuh boys got somethin' in mind?" he said. "Or yuh jus' up here to play the U-Vee-A?"
"That depends. This stud here's Captain Caine," Nate said. "Buzz here's an airplane driver."
"You carry passengers?" Sandy said.
"Nah. Civilians are too fuckin' borin'."
"What about a mission?"
"Mission? Now _that_ might be somethin' right up muh alley."
Old bull was practically pawing the ground.
#
EIGHTY-ONE
#
*** Crockett Plantation ***
Two hours before dawn, the Caribou lifted off the strip at Ben's Landing. In the velvet sky over the mountains, the crescent moon hung like a crooked smile. Just a sliver of light, not enough to give them away.
Buzz kicked the controls, the wing dipped and the plane wheeled like a falcon searching for a thermal. In the copilot's seat, Sandy watched the dark silhouette of the mountains falling behind them as they headed southeast for Crockett Plantation. On his lap was a small Polaroid camera and a Minolta equipped with a 1,000-millimeter lens.
At seven o'clock, the sky to the east turned from indigo to gray then to a pale salmon pink. Below the aircraft, hills and farmland appeared through the scattered clouds hovering over the Carolinas. Off the nose of the plane, they could see the great silver expanse of the Atlantic.
The sun rose on the horizon. Beams of yellow light fell across the brown wings and fuselage. As the sun eased upward, Buzz flew over Sumter, picked up Lake Marion, then followed the Santee River. Beyond Jamestown, where the river branched, he descended 3,000 feet and followed the north fork down to the coast. A few minutes later, he closed in on Crockett Plantation.
"Don't buzz the fucker," Nate muttered.
"Well, ah'll tell yuh," Buzz said. "You're talkin' 'bout my favorite thang. But I'll control myself." He eased back on the throttle.
On the first pass over the plantation, Sandy shot a roll from the Minolta: the main house with its balustrade and hipped roof, the security building, the golf course, the swimming pool and skeet range. The second time around he motioned for Buzz to come lower. Using the Polaroid he shot the causeway and front gate, then grabbed backup shots of the plantation house.
"All rightie," Buzz said. "Les go home."
* * *
Tad Parsons logged on to the security net at eight-fifteen. He saw three eyes-only bulletins for Remy Fair and picked up the phone. A few minutes later, Remy came running into the security center. Ignoring Parsons, he went into his office and closed the door.
The bulletins were from Rawlsville. Team Orange had arrived from Seoul and Remy had brought in Ed Liotta to take over Train's command. Remy respected Liotta. Wouldn't let a loon like Hyduk get the drop on him.
He deleted the bulletin, cranked down to number two.
Goody Two Shoes was down. Good. Always acting as if her shit didn't stink. The General was gone. Self-righteous old bastard. Gus too. Should've got me the stars, Gus. Fuck me, fuck you. Payback time.
Then a Claymore went off. Trask KIA. Sonuvabitch. Crumpling the bulletin, he smacked the wall with his fist. Stupid fool had moved in too soon. The backup had to haul his sorry ass out of the girl's apartment.
A small beam of light with bulletin number three. Something about a dipshit airfield in the Shenandoah Valley. A start, anyway.
He placed a telephone call to a number in his book, let it ring nine times. Then he repeated the call. Five minutes later, he logged on to America Online, clicked on the web browser and typed out the URL for "Hogs and Heifers."
It was only eight-thirty, but half a dozen early birds were already chewing the fat. Twelve Pack and Frodo, Front End, Libby and Blow. And Mad Max. Lurking.
Remy logged on as Lube Job. He invited Mad Max into a private chat room.
"Score? LJ"
"Three of six. (You're only batting .500.) MM"
"Got one more here, last two in VA. LJ"
"Vaginal/Anal? MM"
"Right. Virginia loves lovers, but it's a big place. Albemarle County. LJ"
"Stand by. MM"
Remy tapped the edge of the keyboard. Five minutes passed, and then Mad Max came back.
"Check Rebecca. Rebecca Deming. Dyke. MM"
"Will try anything once. LJ"
No answer. Mad Max was gone.
* * *
Becca saw Julian bearing down on her. The eyes looked deeply evil today. In his hand he had three sheets of wire copy.
"You see these?" He laid the stories out on her desk side by side.
"Grand Old War Horse Killed in Stable"—AP.
"War Hero Senator's Ex Drowns on Eastern Shore"—Reuters.
"General Turned Lobbyist Dies in Sauna."—Agence France-Presse.
"My God," she said softly. "All on the same day?"
"God works in strange ways, kid. I just tried to get Abbie up at your place. The phone's disconnected."
"What made you think she's up there?"
"I fired her. Where would a girl go to cry? I was in Cunningham's last night. Malcolm saw you give her a key."
She looked down at the wire stories, stalling. Julian was up to at least 75 percent on her Liar Meter, trying too hard to sound cool.
"I don't know where she is, Julian. The key was to my car."
"Yeah, sure. Well, if you bump into her, see what she knows about these three and feed it to Alterman. He's writing the obits."
"Julian, do I need to write it out for you? I don't know where she went. Not to mention that she doesn't work for you anymore, remember?"
"Did Abbie show you her notes?"
The voice at about 97 now, heading over the top.
"I do my own reporting, Julian. You said you wanted a fresh take. Three deaths like this. Don't you think it's a pretty damn big coincidence?"
"What difference does it make what I think, Becca? None of our readers would believe it anyway. We're not a conspiracy sheet." He turned and walked across the newsroom. Voice-of-concern level at 103 on the Liar Meter. Heading for an all-time record.
#
EIGHTY-TWO
#
*** Swift Run Gap ***
The Caribou circled Ben's Landing once and came in from the southwest. It was a few minutes after eleven o'clock. They decided to split up. Buzz said he'd take the 35-millimeter film down to a one-hour developer in Charlottesville and bring it to the farm after lunch.
When Sandy and Nate drove up, Kruger was in the living room checking the medical kit. Santana and Mayemura were over in the barn with Abbie. They had all six of the green bags open; six HALO chutes, standard Double X HALO steerables, gray for night drops, were spread along the long aisle between the empty milking stalls. Santana was running his fingers along the shrouds like a surgeon examining tendons.
"We're good to go," he said.
Sandy nodded. "Almost. Come on back to the house." In the kitchen, he found the shank end of a roll of butcher paper Becca used to wrap venison for the freezer. She had shot an eight pointer in a stand of woods beyond the barn. The end of the roll still had bloody fingerprints where she had torn it the day she dressed out the buck.
Sandy ripped off a strip about 4 feet long. Stretching it out on the kitchen table, he drew a diagram of Crockett Plantation. Next to the buildings on his ground plan, he taped his Polaroids. When everything was ready, he stuck the chart to the wall of the living room with a half dozen thumbtacks from Becca's utility drawer. The A-team gathered around him as he chalk-talked the mission.
"They won't be expecting us," he said, tapping the map with his finger, "but it would be crazy to go in cold. We need a diversion." He looked at Kruger. He had noticed that Kruger was still limping, favoring the leg shot out from under him in Mogadishu. "You're too banged up to jump."
" _Nicht wahr_ ," Captain. "I go vith you."
"Thanks, Sarge. But you've got a different mission."
Kruger looked crestfallen. "Vat's my job?"
"You are going to sing. Which is going to save our ass." He pointed to the causeway next to the security gate.
"The only way on and off the island is through this gate. That's where we stage the diversion. I want you to drive up banging off the rails all the way across the river. Sing 'Deutschland über Alles' as loud as you can. When the guard comes out to see what the fuck is going on, tell him you're looking for the German embassy, tell him anything you can think of. When he tells you to fuck off, get belligerent. Or cry. Whatever it takes to keep his eyes on you."
"Den I grease him, _ja_?"
"Nope. You leave him to Nate."
He pointed to the golf course beyond the skeet range. "Nate, you and I will come down here and regroup. Barry says medium security. One guy on the gate, one in the house guarding Hyduk, one out on the grounds, a rover. I'll find him and take him out. We got to crank in Murphy's Law, so let's plan for a couple more. And watch out for Barry—he's ex SF, friendly little guy, looks like an Italian bike racer."
He traced a line from the golf course to the causeway. "Nate, you work your way through here quick. Down to the gate. The guard will be busy with Kruger."
Nate nodded. "Catch 'em or hurt 'em, Hawk?"
"Rules of Engagement—use whatever force is necessary."
The Professor was polishing the lenses of his NODs with the tail of his shirt. "What about Eddie and me, sir?"
Sandy pointed to the big house. "We'll hit them high and low. You and Eddie are going to land on the roof. The slope's not too steep. You'll stick. There's a trapdoor up there to service all those brick chimneys. From what Barry said, they've got Hyduk on the second floor with a goon outside his door.
"Give Nate and me a little headstart so we can take out the rover and the front gate. Then go in from the top. Kruger links with Nate. They'll act as our reserves, preempt surprises. I'll come up from the ground floor, so the noise you'll hear coming up the stairs will be me. No friendly-fire casualties. And remember to keep an eye out for Barry. If everything turns to shit, the assembly point is here behind the skeet range."
Sandy turned back to Kruger. "One more thing. On the way in, check the nearest hospital. You need to know how to drive there quicksmart. Blindfolded. Okay, any questions? Anybody see any holes in the plan?"
"I have a question?" Sweet, from across the room. Abbie was raising her hand and wiggling her fingers at him. "What's my mission?"
"You're going to stay here until we get back." Sandy heard his own voice. He sounded like a school principal.
"No way, no fucking way, Captain, sir, Caine." She pounded the wall.
Nate laughed. Sandy glared at him. "Cut it out, Abbie, it's too damn dangerous. You've already earned three Purple Hearts in this campaign. Let's not go for four. You know what those dudes are like. You don't have to prove anything to any of us."
"Forget it, pups. I've stayed with this story since Mogadishu. You're not dealing me out now. Kruger's driving—that means there's an extra chute. I'm going."
"No way. You're staying right here."
Nate touched him on the shoulder. "Nah, she ain't, Hawk. Never happen. You ought to know that by now. Besides, think about it. The 'Dish, up that fuckin' road outside Sarajevo, out there in Montana. I ain't so sure who's the guardian angel around here. Bad luck to leave her behind." He turned to Abbie. "But listen to me, Mancini. You ain't putting on any HALO chute on my watch. You got me on that?"
"What am I supposed to do, Nate? Fly down on my gossamer wings?"
"No, ma'am. I'm your driver, remember? You wanna go on this mission, okay, you gonna ride down with me."
Abbie looked at him quizzically.
"We attach her to me, Hawk," Nate said to Sandy. "I done it before."
"Shit, I don't know, Nate."
"No shit. That's what we gonna do. Just don't tell Elena."
* * *
It was nearly two o'clock.
In the kitchen, Eddie Mayemura finished pre-rigging his 4 Wraps—four equal lengths of detonating cord with a _NONEL_ instantaneous firing system. He looked at his watch. He'd also laid out six steaks he'd picked up that morning, along with the tomatoes and onions he'd been able to marinate while Nate and Sandy did the recon. The case of beer he'd stuck in the refrigerator was ice cold. "All right, you guys," he said. "Chow's on the table."
As they were sitting down, Buzz came back in with the photo enlargements. Abbie offered him half her steak, but he said a beer would suit him just fine. "Had muhself two Whoppuhs at Buhguh King on the way up." There was a loud hiss as he pulled the tag on a can of Bud, followed by the roar of an engine barreling up the road.
The A-Team dropped knives and forks, dove for their weapons. The door crashed open. Standing there, was Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. Behind her, steaming in the dooryard, was the yellow Land Rover. "Thanks, God," Becca said, leaning against the door. "I thought you'd all be dead."
#
EIGHTY-THREE
#
*** Arlington ***
The black crepe drooped from the General's photograph like a shawl. From underneath the mourning cloth, he looked across the mahogany desk, surveying the mourner's book Melba had put out for family friends. Senator Taylor was wearing his uniform. For half an hour, he stood at attention in front of the picture. Tears streamed down his face.
Melba had called him the evening before. She had been crying when he came into the kitchen. He held her hand for a while, asked if she needed a doctor. When she told him no, he called a friend at Fort Myer and arranged to have the General's body picked up from the morgue and taken to Martin's Funeral Home.
The undertakers had already done their work, repairing the deep gashes in the General's head, stitching back the torn scalp. The service would be later in the week. Closed coffin. They were preparing for a big crowd.
He had sent Patrice down to Smith Island to retrieve Janine's body. He planned to meet the hearse at National Airport the next evening, escort her coffin back to Cincinnati and turn the rest of the arrangements over to her parents. Then he would shuttle between Arlington cemetery and Ohio for the two funerals.
When the half hour had passed, he saluted the photograph and signed the book. Then he spent 5 minutes in front of the Wall looking at the pictures for the last time.
When he reached the end of the long line of framed images, something suddenly caught his eye.
A new frame, silver, gleaming in the light of the chandelier overhead.
He put on his glasses and leaned forward to inspect it.
He saw Alex looking back at him, laughing, Alex and all the dead men from ODA 351.
The photograph had never been there before. He was certain of that. Where in God's name had it come from?
He retreated to the desk. For an instant, he almost sat in the General's chair. Catching himself, he stood up again. As he was rising, he noticed that the top right desk drawer was open. Reaching over to close it, he saw the handle of the General's .45.
Out in the kitchen, Melba was crying again. He heard the sobs, a crescendo of grief. On an impulse, he slipped the gun out of the drawer. Unloaded. The clip was lying next to it. Smacking the clip into the handle with the heel of his hand, he held it for a moment, feeling the heft, the solidity of it. He put the gun inside the waistband of his trousers, under his belt. Closing the door quietly, he went to the kitchen to see what he could do for Melba.
"Where's Sandy, Jeff?" she asked him. He put his hand on her shoulder. Without looking up, she lifted her own hand and put it over his. "I don't understand this."
"Neither do I."
Melba dropped her head in her arms to muffle her sobs. "Find him, Jeff."
He felt the steel lying against his waist.
"I'll find him," he said.
#
EIGHTY-FOUR
#
*** Crockett Plantation ***
"Their ass is ours."
Sitting in front of the computer monitor, absorbing the eyes-only from Liotta, Remy Fair allowed himself one small moment of pleasure. Why hadn't he put Train out to pasture sooner? Moot point now.
Liotta reported that Max had been right. The phone was at a little dump called Ben's Landing. Rummy old bastard ran the place. Couldn't get Vietnam out of his circuits. Tight with the _Chronicle_ 's Rebecca Deming. The target was about 20 minutes up the road from the airstrip. Maybe two hours in the bird from Rawlsville.
Remy looked at the clock on the wall over Parsons' desk.
1430 hours. Two-thirty.
He picked up the red SPU receiver in front of him, punched in a number and got an immediate reply.
"Alpha. The doctor's in."
"This is Crockett, Alpha." The expression on Remy's face looked like a dog's grin. "Execute."
#
EIGHTY-FIVE
#
*** Swift Run Gap ***
"Hell's fire, Abbie, I gotta get you out of here."
Wheezing like a winded Saint Bernard, Becca collapsed on the couch. As her breath returned, she began to register the armed men standing all around her. "What kind of petting farm you running up here, darlin'?" she said. "Look at what they got between their legs—those little things are baby machine guns, aren't they?"
Nate was staring at Becca. She returned the look.
"You into guns or just scarin' people?" he asked her.
"Both."
A spark of interest came into his eyes. "You know how to use 'em?"
"Use 'em or lose 'em. The whole basis of evolution, stud. Buck or doe—it doesn't matter." She looked at Abbie. "Where did you find these specimens?"
"They come standard with that one over there," Abbie said, pointing to Sandy. Still holding the little MP5 in one hand, he walked across the room and poked the other hand out at Becca.
"You're the Sandy one, right?"
"Abbie's told me all about you, Becca."
"Lotta lies. We're too tight for her to be objective."
Suddenly Abbie saw a look she recognized cross Becca's face. Her mask for the bereaved. But this time it looked as if she genuinely cared. "I'm so very sorry to be the one to tell you your grandfather has had an accident. He's dead."
Before Abbie could reach Sandy, he was out the front door. Becca grabbed her as she started after him. "Wait, darlin'. He's gonna want the details."
Abbie stopped. "What happened?"
"He was about to saddle up. His horse went crazy and stomped him. DOA at Alexandria General."
"Just an accident? What you think?"
"No, darlin'. Thing is, the horse killed the General about five hours after Janine Taylor got her foot wrapped around an anchor line and drowned. And right about then, General Caine's good friend General Buell was in a steambath. Heart attack. Supposedly."
"How did you find out?"
"That's the cute part. Julian told me. The way he came running up with the wire copy, it looked like he'd written it himself. He kept trying to find out where you are, sugar. I gave him the business, but he didn't believe a word. I think he knows you're up here."
Abbie leaned against the door.
"If Julian knows, Taylor and all the rest of them know. Last time I saw Julian he was going out to lunch with Patrice."
"That's why I'm here."
"How long ago did you talk to him?"
"Maybe two hours. I tried calling Buzz, and when I couldn't reach him, I got up here as fast as I could."
"I better go find Sandy." Abbie squeezed Becca's hand. "I owe you big time."
Sandy was inside the barn sitting on an overturned bucket, his head in his hands. When he heard her come in, he looked up. His eyes were dry, his face looked awful. She gave him Becca's report.
"It's bullshit, Abbie. I'll never believe he couldn't control Black Jack. The man was tougher than any horse I've ever seen." He stared at the straw on the barn floor. "I got him killed."
"It wasn't your fault. He knew what he was getting into when he stuck it to Gus."
"I never should've listened to Perkins."
She slapped him across the face. "Goddamn it, pups, stop it. You've got Nate and everyone else waiting on you. Are you going to get moody or get even?"
Without waiting for him to answer, she walked out of the barn.
* * *
When Abbie came back into the farmhouse, Nate was standing in front of the chart tacking up the enlargements. "Come on over here," he called to the others. "I got some things to say." Santana, Kruger and Mayemura crowded forward, Abbie, Buzz and Becca moved in behind them. "From here out, we runnin' a KISS operation. You understand me?"
"Keep It Simple Stew Pit," Kruger sang out.
"That's right. We gonna KISS those motherfuckers to death."
He turned to Buzz. "How fast can you get the plane back in the air?"
"Muh baby's topped off and ready to go now. But we don't have neah 'nough fuel fuh gettin' down and back."
"Down is good enough. What's her ACL?"
" 'Bout seven thousand pounds."
"Okay, we got three vehicles and eight guys, including Mancini and Deming. Can you squeeze all of us into that sweet momma and still get out of here?"
"Six men, two women, one vehicle."
"Take mine," Becca said. "It's lighter than the other two and it's got a winch."
Nate grinned at her. "Deming, you jus' made sergeant." He looked at Kruger. "Kruger, you got another wife. Two of you gonna run the diversion. Drunken German, pissed-off wife. Even I'd believe it."
He was finishing the rundown when the front door opened and Sandy came in. He was swinging the MP5 easily at his side.
"Let's roll."
Each man on the A-Team picked up his weapon and HALO chute. Buzz, Becca and Abbie followed them out to the vehicles. "Operation KISS," Becca said to Abbie as they got into the yellow Rover. She cranked up the engine. "Mmmmm, yes." Fifteen minutes later, the little convoy pulled into Ben's Landing.
The Caribou was still waiting outside the hangar. Buzz climbed into the cockpit and lowered the tail ramp. Nate came over to the Rover and motioned for Becca to roll down the window. "Better let me do this," he said. "I'm good going backwards."
"That right?" Becca said, climbing down to the ground. "I wouldn't have thought it about you."
Nate laughed and took the wheel. Craning out the window to follow Buzz's hand signals, he backed the Rover into the Caribou. While Santana stashed the other vehicles in the hangar, Buzz and Nate chained the Rover to the floor at the aircraft's tie-down points.
Santana handed Becca the medical kit.
"Better stick that in the back," he said. "Blood make you faint?"
"Chocolate makes me faint, soldier. Blood makes me come."
Even the Professor was laughing as they climbed into the old sling seats and fastened the safety harnesses. When everything was buttoned up, Buzz went back up to the cockpit to close the ramp. They heard a low hum, then, up front, a loud curse as the ramp refused to close. Buzz reappeared, a wrench in his hand. "Damn switch. Been havin' trouble with it all month." He walked over to the handle and gave it a whack. "Gotta do it man-u-lee," he muttered. The ramp didn't move.
By its side was a hand crank. He grabbed it and took two violent twists and the ramp began to move. Then the crank broke off in his hand. "Fuckin' metal fatigue."
Buzz was perspiring now. Looking out at the runway yawning beyond the open tail of the Caribou, he shouted to Sandy, "I'm not flying this sonuvabitch with the tailgate down. We may be goin' Greyhound."
"Vait."
The order came from Kruger. Unbuckling, he walked over to the sweating pilot. First he looked at the open ramp, then he looked at Becca's Rover. In the center of the ramp, up at the top, was a heavy ring. On the front of the Rover was the winch.
"Vatch."
Kruger crawled into the driver seat and turned on the power. Unrolling fifteen feet of cable, he slipped the hook into the ring on the ramp. Then he went back to the Rover and turned on the winch. Groaning like an arthritic patient, the ramp trembled for a moment. Then it came up and closed like a clam shell.
"Let us be on our vay," Kruger said to Buzz.
"Ah'll be damned," the older man said, smacking him on the back. "Why din't I thinka that?" Shaking his head, he disappeared up forward.
In the cockpit, Sandy and Nate were strapped into the copilot's and navigator's seats. Buzz put on his headphones and pulled out a map. Nate looked curiously over his shoulder. He saw Texaco printed on one of the map's many folds.
"Shit, man. That's a road map."
"What d'yuh think you're flyin', Sarge? American Airlines?"
He held open the road map and stabbed his finger down on Florence, South Carolina.
"Got a friend ovuh there," he said, shouting over the engine's roar. " 'Bout two hours' run from here, forty-five minutes from Crockett. We can refuel. Give the German and Becca a head start down t' the coast. Hook up latuh."
Sandy looked at the map, nodded.
Buzz nursed the Caribou to the end of the runway. Checking the gauges one last time, he opened the throttle. The Caribou waddled down the runway and rose sluggishly into the sky.
#
EIGHTY-SIX
#
*** Crockett Plantation ***
Five P.M. in "Hogs and Heifers." Happy hour. Remy scanned the public lounge for twenty seconds, passing over all the Adolfs and Scar-faces, stopping briefly at Pop-my-Clutch—now there was someone with flair—until he found Mad Max.
Working quickly, Lube Job got Mad Max into a private room and tapped out the update.
"Sitrep Alpha: LJ"
"Just my type: MM"
"Found pack. Jiving tonight. LJ"
"Drool. Just clean everything up. MM"
"Next sitrep: 0400. LJ"
":) MM"
When he finished the report, Remy logged off and took a walk around the plantation. He stopped to talk to the guard at the causeway, checked the perimeter wire. All quiet on the Atlantic front. He felt good, in full command at last. No more orders from Gus.
He spent an hour in the security center running through some backed-up intell from the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Then he went to make sure the night shift was set in the guest wing.
Hyduk was still upstairs in 8A. No need to keep him wired anymore. Feed him, keep him alive until after the Armed Services Committee votes, keep checking Taylor's temperature. When the senator quit pulling his weenie, he could pull the plug on Hyduk. Right now, it made better sense to keep him alive.
Strange dude. Not eating anything. Couple more months until the vote. Wouldn't be much left for the furnace.
#
EIGHTY-SEVEN
#
*** Crockett Plantation ***
The yellow Rover strained at the quick releases as the Caribou bounced along over the Carolinas. In the cargo bay, the rattling chains did nothing to improve the atmosphere. Santana looked over at Mayemura, who had picked up the same vibes, as if some restless spirit had signed on for the mission.
The tower at Charleston International was reporting southeast winds of 10 to 15 miles and the probability of heavy overcast after midnight. Buzz decided not to tell the captain for a while. Might still clear up.
Shortly before six o'clock he saw the airport outside Florence. Double-checking his landing instructions, he touched down 10 minutes later.
Harry Foster, an old drinking buddy, ran a three-plane charter service out of Florence. His setup was off to the far side of the field, away from the terminal and hangars for the bigger birds. As Buzz taxied over to Foster's shed, Harry came out holding a hammer in his hand. When he saw the Caribou, he trotted over to the pilot's window.
Buzz cut the engines. "Fixin' to layovuh fuh a few hours," he yelled down to Foster. "Yuh got a selenoid handy? Ah need one fuh the ramp."
Sandy peered out the aircraft. The headquarters of Foster Charters was a small prefab modular, not much bigger than a house trailer. They'd stay in the Caribou.
Before Buzz went with Foster to organize the repairs, he lowered the tail ramp and snapped the quick releases on the yellow Rover. Kruger made a move for the wheel.
"Understand, Heinrich," Becca said. "You can get my wheels off the plane, but once we hit the ground, you ride shotgun." Sheepishly, Kruger tossed his gear in the back of the Rover, eased it down onto the tarmac. Then he shifted over into the passenger seat.
For a few minutes, the team minus Buzz huddled around the four-wheeler.
"You'll have plenty of time," Sandy said as they synchronized watches. "You ought to be down there before nine, even if you get hit with a lot of traffic. Moon sets at 2330. We're going to drop in at 0100 on the button. So Kruger," he looked over at Becca's passenger, "when we're on top of the plantation, give us two minutes, then you begin the diversion. Loud and long, guys. You'll be covering the roof noise, and Nate needs time to get over to you and take out the guard."
The two of them nodded.
"Watch your ass," Sandy told them.
"Always do," Becca said. "Never does a damn bit of good." She threw the Rover into gear and charged off the runway. Sandy put his arm around Abbie as the yellow Rover disappeared around the terminal. "I like your friend," he said.
"Must be mutual, pups. She says you're not so bad—for a high-testosterone type."
Once the ramp was repaired, Buzz left to organize some fuel. An hour later, a Texaco truck pulled up to the Caribou and they were back in business. "I see where Buzz gets his maps," Nate said as the driver hooked up the gas line to the aircraft.
But no Buzz.
Another hour passed.
Sandy posted Mayemura to stand security and began to pace the perimeter of Foster Charters. An AWOL pilot wasn't part of the plan.
Half an hour later, a brown Buick came rolling slowly across the taxiway toward the Caribou.
Sandy saw Mayemura stiffen and finger his weapon. The Buick was awfully slow. When the car was still 50 yards off, Sandy raised his hand to stop it. Mayemura had his MP5 at high port as the window rolled down and Buzz's purple nose appeared.
"Chow," he yelled, throwing open the door. Inside, he had a dozen bags from Taco Bell, Wendy's, Roy Rogers, McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts. Mayemura winced as Buzz started passing the bags to Sandy. Behind the wheel, Sandy saw a brunette in a satin bowling jacket that said FLORENCE LANES. She was in her late forties and in a lot better shape than Buzz. After the bags were all out of the car, Buzz went around to the driver's window and gave her a long wet one.
The Buick rolled off toward the airport's rear exit.
"She never goes ovuh thirty-five, on the road or in the sack," Buzz said, watching her disappear. "That's why I love her."
"Is that where you've been?" Sandy said.
"Yep. Figguh'd if I was goin' down, it bettuh be on empty."
* * *
At eleven o'clock Buzz went into Foster's prefab to check on the weather. When he came back, his expression was thoughtful.
"How's it look?" Nate asked him.
"Like Normandy on D-Day. Bad invasion weathuh. Wind's okay, five to ten miles per hour. But we got heavy cloud covuh down to one thousand feet, probably be gettin' some rain. Little thunduh and lightnin', maybe. Anybody sane would lock down and party."
"I don't see anyone sane around here," Sandy said.
"Yuh got a point. Let's go."
The Caribou was better without the Rover, but after it lifted off, it still snorted and bucked all the way up through the clouds. Buzz leveled off at 12,000 feet and headed southwest. Sandy unbuckled himself from the copilot's seat and went aft to organize the drop.
The cargo bay sounded like the hold of a ship. In the turbulence, every joint on the old aircraft groaned and squealed. They secured their NODs, ran through a final weapons check and inspected the chutes.
The Caribou lurched, then hit an air pocket and dropped 100 feet. Mayemura leaned over and puked across the floor of the cargo bay. Nate looked away. He figured he was maybe three or four minutes behind Eddie. Sandy fought his way back up to the cockpit.
"What do you think?" he said to Buzz.
"Not jumpin' weathuh, buddy. Yuh sure yuh got both oars in the watuh?"
"Let's not open that one up. How are we going to do this?"
"We got jus' one shot."
"Lay it on me."
"I got to get unduh the weathuh. Way down. Too low to jump. We take this bucket right down to the deck, and when we get there, I pop her up to one thousand feet. Like straight up. If the wings don't fall off, yuh guys have 'bout thirty seconds to get out. Yuh oughtta be okay after that."
"No other way?"
"Yeah, we could land on the causeway. Might give us away, don't yuh think?"
Sandy nodded.
"Now, yuh'll feel the plane go up like a fuckin' elevatuh. Soon's I level off, unbuckle and get ready to tailgate."
"How do we know when?"
"I'll flip on the green light and you go. Meet you at Flohrence. Y'all not back by sunup, I'm comin' back and droppin' bombs."
#
EIGHTY-EIGHT
#
*** Crockett Plantation ***
"You don't have to do this."
Sandy was watching Abbie watch Nate.
Nate leaned over and adjusted Abbie's tandem rig harness until it was snug. He showed her where her D-rings clipped onto his. She'd ride down in front of him, the back of her head against his chest.
"You can stay with Buzz," Sandy said. "Meet us back in Florence."
"Nope."
He reached over, pulled her close. For a moment she wondered if he meant to handcuff her to the plane's airframe. Instead, he kept his arm around her, and put his mouth next to her ear. "Okay, Tiger," he said. "I love you."
The plane began to climb, a fast, sickening climb. Mayemura puked again, sending the rest of Buzz's combination platter onto the deck. Sandy felt the elevator accelerating, the G's pulling at him. He cinched Abbie's seat belt tighter, then adjusted his own.
The Caribou made a sound like a death rattle. Everything in the cargo plane shook as Buzz pulled out of the climb.
Thousandth floor. Everybody out.
The ramp at the tail of the Caribou began to open like a giant clam.
Sandy took up position underneath the jump light.
"Santana, Mayemura, you're one and two. I'm three. Nate, you and Abbie call your own jump. I'll be down on the ground to catch you."
"Ticket to ride, Mancini." Nate snapped her D-rings onto his.
"Jump," Sandy shouted, smacking Santana on the butt. The Professor fell into the darkness, then Mayemura. Sandy looked at Abbie, gave her a thumbs up, and followed them into the dark.
Nate wrapped his arms tightly around Abbie's waist. "Out we go, Mancini. Come fly with me."
They walked off the ramp, falling into the vacuum created by the fuselage. There was no lacerating wind, no prop blast. They were sinking backward into the night as if they'd fallen onto a giant, goosedown pillow.
_Craaack_.
She heard the chute open. Nate's arm was like a vise. She felt a jolt, and they were standing on the pillow, the coldness on her face sharpening all her senses.
Nate pulled the controls, the chute spilled air and they slid through flat blackness. Nate tugged again, and they were coming down 10 feet away from Sandy.
"Ready?" Nate shouted.
She nodded.
The ground came up toward them, faster than she expected.
"Now," Nate said, sharply pulling and releasing the two front toggles.
It was as if he had slammed on the brakes. Her feet hit the ground first; she stepped forward and found herself walking into Sandy's arms as easily as if she had just strolled across the ninth green to meet him.
"Perfect Hollywood," she heard him say, and then they were all on the grass, waiting for their hearts to reenter their heaving chests.
A horn sounded in the darkness, three times, then four.
Louder and louder.
Sandy and Nate pulled the NODs from their belly packs and adjusted them. What did they expect her to do, find a cane and a dog? Fumbling in his pack, Sandy drew out a second set of night goggles. Kruger's, she thought. Suddenly it was noon at midnight. "Go," Sandy whispered, touching Nate on the shoulder. Using the rough as concealment, Nate worked his way over to the skeet range. Sandy watched until he disappeared.
She saw a tiny pinpoint of light about 400 yards down the fairway, saw Sandy's head turn quickly as if he were tracking a grouse. He turned toward her.
"Stay here."
He formed the words silently with his lips. She started to protest. Not a good idea.
She nodded and shut up as Sandy started toward the light.
* * *
Harry Gustafson cupped the butt in his right hand. He could hear Remy reaming out his ass. Fuck him. Always so STRAC. Colonel Tightass had been on the rag three days.
He sucked in a deep drag from the Camel. Around the tip, a little circle of red, little circle of fire. Miniature, he thought. Like miniature golf. World's tiniest fire. No way to see it out on a real golf course in the middle of the night with clouds all over hell and the rain threatening to come down.
Fucking Brad Thomson. Fucking Tad Parsons. Thomson back in the big house, propped up outside 8A in the nice chair. Nothing to do but go in every four hours and stick the needle into the loser in the bed. Parsons shooting pool down the hall.
So fuck Remy.
He took another drag and closed his eyes.
Sandy broke his neck below the third cervical vertebra.
Harry heard the snap, saw a white flash. Funny. The light was on the backside of his eyes. Inside his skull.
Then Harry's little bonfire went out.
* * *
Two minutes after one.
Nate was lying on his belly behind a low hedge of shrubs. Through the thin patches near the roots he could see the front gate, the guard post, the causeway stretching off across the black water of the Santee.
He rose to his knee as Becca leaned on the horn again. The guard was coming out of the little house commanding the approach to the plantation. Slipping around the end of the hedge, Nate cradled the MP5 against his chest and began to belly crawl toward the gate. Looked like a fucking castle. Why was he always on the wrong side?
* * *
Abbie didn't hear Sandy come up behind her. When he touched her foot, her whole body started to shoot skyward. Then she was lying on her back and he was on top of her, his hand clamped over her mouth. "One down," he said softly, pulling her up.
On the second floor of the plantation house, a light went on. Sandy pointed toward it.
"That way."
* * *
Kruger took the safety off his weapon and leaned out.
" _Tannenbaum, O Tannenbaum_ ," he sang at the top of his voice. "Christmas tree, O Christmas tree."
Becca hit the horn in time with the words.
Three and four, three and four.
When she saw the guy coming out of the guardhouse, she flipped the headlights on high and started flashing them as she honked the horn.
The guy raised his hand to shield his eyes. She punched on the red warning flasher and started swerving, brushing the sides of the narrow causeway as she bore down on the blinded guard. When she saw him reach inside his coat, she slammed on the brakes. The Rover screeched to a halt 6 feet in front of the gate.
Kruger stuck his head out the window. " _Ich bin ein Berliner_ ," he shouted. " _Hilfe. Wir haben einen Notfall_. Ve haff emergency."
The guard started walking up toward Kruger's window. He had a 9-millimeter in his hand.
" _O Tannenbaum, O Tannenbaum_."
Three and four, three and four. The horn still beating time to the Christmas carol.
Kruger started to yodel.
The guard was outside the window now. "What's the matter with you, asshole," he yelled at Kruger.
" _He da, ist hier das Deutsche Konsulat?_ "
"You dumb motherfucker," the guard snarled. "The consulate's in Charleston. Do us both a favor and go home before you get hurt. You're not only in the wrong county, you're in the wrong fucking country."
Caldwell slipped up behind him. The guard whirled around. Caldwell's shot caught him in the heart. Becca saw his eyes widen as he dropped the 9-millimeter and crumpled backward, landing on the hood of the Rover.
Kruger grabbed him and threw him in the back.
Becca hit the release, ran around to the front bumper and peeled 15 feet of cable off the winch. Wrapping a 4-foot loop through the bars, she jumped back into the Rover and threw it into reverse.
The gate came out like a rotten tooth. Caldwell came pounding through the hole. "Shit," he said, landing on top of the dead guard. Becca jammed on the accelerator and the Rover shot through the gate and roared toward the plantation house.
Kruger's voice rose above the whine of the engine.
" _Güten Abend, asshole, yourself_ ," he shouted. " _How you like my Christmas tree?_ "
* * *
On the roof, the Professor and Mayemura were crouched behind a tall brick chimney. The Captain had called it wrong. There was a trapdoor, but no way to get through it. They tried to force it, but it wouldn't budge. Sonuvabitch was nailed shut.
Mayemura reached into the cargo pocket on his leg and took out a 4 Wrap.
Motioning to Santana to stay put, he slid down to the flat place behind the balustrade and as quickly as he could make an omelet he taped the 4 Wrap to the door. When everything was in place, he took out an M-60 Fuse Igniter and double checked the adapter.
"Fire in the hole," Eddie said softly, signaling to Santana to get down.
There was a sharp click, then a flash of yellow light and the thump of an explosion. The door disappeared into a million splinters. Below them, they could see the guest wing corridor.
* * *
Sandy saw the flash of light. The sound of the explosion echoed off the berm at the rear of the skeet range. "Let's move," he shouted. No need to be quiet anymore. They were still 100 yards out, the gable end of the big house rising up in front of them. Fifty yards now. Make the gable, get around the corner, charge the front door.
* * *
Santana peered down from the gaping hole. No way left to be subtle about this one. Mayemura hit the landing and rolled to the wall just as Brad Thomson dropped his copy of _The Hunt for Red October_ and came out of his chair.
Thomson's Uzi was parked on a side table. Mayemura looked up and saw the Professor's feet at the edge of the hole. Thomson lunged for the Uzi. Mayemura sprayed him. The rounds whizzed under Santana's feet a split second before the rest of him arrived on the landing. Thomson spun around and hit the floor, two rounds through the chest, two to the head.
Santana kicked the body aside and busted into Room 8A. The first thing he saw was Hyduk. Out like a child.
The next thing he saw was out the window.
* * *
Ten yards. They were at the corner of the gable.
"Stay here," Sandy shouted, signaling with his hand for Abbie to hit the dirt. He didn't look back as he jumped around the corner.
The front door opened like an exploding safe. Ted Parsons stepped out. In his hand he had a pistol. Sandy twisted and leveled the MP5. Every muscle of his body, every atom that had ever been trained, concentrated on Tad Parsons. Every instinct in him.
Except one.
Where was Abbie? Had she seen his signal? Was she exposed? He hesitated for perhaps two hundredths of a second.
A bright flash of red from the barrel of the pistol.
Sandy spun around like a boxer's heavy bag, his eyes fixed on Abbie. The eyes went dead as he fell.
Abbie screamed.
Parsons was running forward. He was standing over Sandy now. Raising the pistol, pointing it at Sandy's head.
_Crrracccckkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk_.
The sound of lightning hitting a tree. Abbie felt rain and raised her finger to her face. When she looked at it, it was covered with blood.
Everything in slow motion.
The glass spraying out of the second floor window.
Santana flying through the air, diving at Parsons.
The pistol flying out of Parsons' hands as Santana landed on him.
No more shots. Only a splintering sound as Parsons went limp.
Santana had crushed his ribs, driving them through his heart like a handful of skewers.
" _Saaaaaannnnnndy!_ "
Through the blackness, the scream needled into Sandy's brain, driving away the stupor, igniting a fight-or-flight center where flight had been trained away so long ago it was no longer a possibility.
He rose to his knees, then stood as the adrenaline kick kicked his body into motion. Off to his right and to the rear, he saw a man running through the dark toward the skeet range.
No more thinking. Sandy ran. Pounding across the lawn now. The distance to the target maybe 200 yards. He cut the gap to 150 yards, 100 yards.
Above and behind him, he heard a loud clatter. The white lights of a light observation chopper flashed from over his shoulders, picking up the man, who was standing on the skeet range, waving his arms toward the sky.
Fifty yards now.
The chopper hovered for a split second, then dropped down. A door opened.
Ten yards.
The man scrambled in, and the chopper began to rise. Sandy felt his lungs burning, sobbing for air.
Sonofabitching bastard.
The chopper was about 50 feet above him, now. No time left to take aim. He whipped up the barrel of his MP5 and blew the whole magazine into the engine. A single burst. Sparks flying through the black night. The bird hesitating, then pinwheeling down.
A pillar of flame shot up as the chopper hit the ground and crumpled. The passenger side door flew open. The sonuvabitch was out on the ground again and running for the trees.
Magazine empty. Do it the old-fashioned way.
Sandy pumped across the thick green turf. Five yards, one yard. He lunged forward, hitting the air. The tackle threw both of them to the ground.
The bastard was hard.
As they rolled, his bony elbow caught Sandy in the eye. Flash of red, then darkness on that side. But a good enough view from the other to see the hand shoot for the boot, the thin blade of the SAS knife slicing through the darkness.
Remy.
Sandy's arm shot up reflexively, knocking aside the blade. He heard the soft hiss as it cut, felt the hot blood coursing down his body. His body, shifting into automatic, arched, and he flipped Remy on his back. For an instant, Remy lay there bathed in an eerie glow from the burning chopper and the white phosphorous light in Sandy's brain.
The light fell on Sandy's hand, slashing down like the edge of a sword, breaking Remy's arm. The knife fell onto the thick green grass. Sandy picked it up and drove it into Remy's chest, lurching forward, falling on the handle with the full force of his entire body. He felt the blade press through the soft flesh under Remy's sternum and dig into the grass.
Then the white phosphorous light went out.
#
EIGHTY-NINE
#
*** Crockett Plantation ***
The Rover careened around the plantation house carriageway. Off to the left, Becca saw the two men backlit by the flames from the chopper. Jerking the wheel over sharply, she headed for the skeet range. When she reached the burning bird, she hit the brakes.
Nate was out before the Rover skidded to a stop. Sandy was lying on his back, eyes rolled into his head, chest covered in blood. Remy didn't move. In death, his eyes were still open. He looked surprised, as if it had never occurred to him that the game might end this way.
Mayemura came limping out the back door as Kruger ran up with the medical kit. Nate kicked Remy aside and knelt next to Sandy. Abbie was bending over him, rocking back and forth, whimpering.
"He's dead, he's dead, he's dead."
Nate put his fingers on Sandy's neck. When he looked up, he saw the T. C. Johnson ambulance drawn up at the edge of the slave huts where Barry had left it two days before.
"Kruger, get that fucker over here. _Now_."
"It's my fault," Abbie wailed. "I killed him."
Nate held her head against his chest. "He's a long way from dead. We jus' gotta haul ass and get him out of here."
Kruger and Mayemura pulled the stretcher out of the ambulance and eased Sandy onto it. Kruger went to work. Stopping the bleeding. Stopping the shock.
"You okay, Professor?" Nate asked Santana, taking a quick inventory. Santana's eyes were still working, but he didn't look to be in much better shape than the Hawk. "You get in there, too," Nate said, pointing to the back of the meat wagon.
He took a quick body count. Guard, one at the golf course, two guys in the house. Now, Remy.
"How many you get?" he yelled over to Mayemura.
"One," Eddie said. Then he remembered something else. "We forgot Hyduk." He turned and double pumped up the stairs. Nate took off after him. By the time he caught up, Eddie was coming out of Room 8A with Hyduk draped around his shoulders, limp as a wet parachute. So doped he'd slept through the raid. Eddie put him in the ambulance with Sandy and the Professor. That made four within the vehicle Kruger was driving. If they could squeeze in Abbie and Eddie, they'd be cool for the extraction.
Nate returned to his body count. Guard, dude Sandy took out, two second-floor guys, Remy. Five stiffs. Jesus. Leave 'em and the whole damn county would be on their ass before they got out of there. He looked up. Becca was dragging Remy over to the yellow Rover. Picking him up like a doll with the stuffing falling out, she threw him on top of the dead dude from the front gate and Santana's kill. "That's three," she said. "You check out the bushes, I'll get the one upstairs." Before he could say anything, she grabbed Mayemura and they were gone.
Nate took a bearing from the front gate and the gable end of the house and trotted off in the dark. Five minutes later he found Harry. His neck was as bent as a dog-eared page. The cigarette had burned down, scorching his fingers. He threw the body over his shoulder and started back for the house.
When he came onto the carriageway, the ambulance had left.
Becca was standing alone beside the yellow Rover. She'd found a blanket in the house and tossed it over the corpses in back. "You want a hand, Nate?" She pulled back the blanket.
Long hump back from the golf course. Good this dude wasn't an extra-large. "Thank you, ma'am."
Becca took the feet, Nate took the arms. They swung Harry on top of the others. Becca replaced the blanket and got behind the wheel. For a moment, Nate stood looking at the dark black stains on the ground.
"You coming, stud?" Becca said. "Or are you going to wait for the lynching?"
Nate dusted off his arms and got in next to her.
"Screw 'em, Nate," she said, gunning the engine. "Let 'em do their own cover-up."
It took them over an hour to drive to Florence, Becca keeping below the speed limit for the first time since she was sixteen. At the airport, Buzz was standing by the tail of the Caribou. The door was open.
"Where's the ambulance?" Nate asked. "How's the captain?"
Buzz spit a stream of black Red Man tobacco on the field. "Sittin' up, last time I saw him. Laid him out in Fostuh's joint. Girl wrapped right around him. Lotta blood, not many holes. The knife didn't do much to his arm. Looks like the bullet ran along a rib and came out the side. They figguh to bring him back to Bragg with no sweat. Said to tell you—and ah quote—'He'll live to fight anothuh day.' "
Buzz jumped into the tail of the Caribou and motioned for Nate to back the yellow Rover into the cargo bay. After Nate got out, Buzz began adjusting the quick-release tie-downs on the axles and body of the four-wheeler. When he left, Becca sat in one of the canvas seats and fastened the safety belt.
Alone.
Ten minutes later, she heard the engines begin to rev. The cockpit door opened. Nate came back and took the seat next to her. "You ain't gonna hurt me now, are you?" he said, buckling himself in.
"Not if you mind your manners."
The plane started to roll down the runway.
"Listen," he said. "I need to ask you a favor."
"You really think I'm the one to help you, stud?"
"Yeah, I do," he said. "You ever been a maid of honor?"
* * *
The Caribou lumbered into the night sky, flying low, under the clouds. Between the two of them, there was one small port in the fuselage. Nate looked down. Buzz still had his landing lights on. No trees. Maybe farms. The lights were bouncing off something down there. Made no sense. Don't get reflection off plowed fields, trees. He looked again and saw whitecaps.
The Atlantic.
They were over the fucking ocean.
The cockpit door opened and Buzz walked back. "Who's flyin' this motherfucker," Nate shouted.
"Be cool, stud." Becca patted his knee. "Autopilot."
Buzz kneeled by the Rover. She heard the tie-down chains rattling.
"Give me a hand, Nate."
"What are you two doing?" Becca asked them suspiciously as the two of them pushed the yellow hearse to the very back of the aircraft and took off the emergency brake.
"Not to worry," Buzz said. "Ever'thin's gonna be jus' fine." He went back to the cockpit.
Becca leaned back and closed her eyes. The vibrations in the skin of the plane felt comfortable now, like the pulse of an old lover.
She heard a purring noise and sat up as the ramp of the Caribou slowly opened and Buzz's voice came over the intercom.
"This is youah captain speakin'. Y'all stay buckled up. Don't fuckin' move."
The ramp was all the way open now. A cold wind shot through the cargo compartment. The nose of the Caribou inched up, and the tail of the plane sloped down.
Slowly, as in a dream, the yellow Rover rolled aft. "Buzz," Becca shouted. "What in hell are you doing?"
The yellow Rover with its blood cargo in the back dropped out of the Caribou like a cub from a pregnant panda.
"Noooooooooo," Becca cried, following its arcing path.
The yellow Rover did a long, slow somersault, the black wheels spinning against the yellow body as it dropped, turned lazily one last time and plunged into the sea.
A tower of water shot up as if the Atlantic had been hit by a 10,000-pound bomb.
Then the Rover was gone.
As Buzz leveled off, Nate reached over and patted Becca on the knee. "You can get a new one, girl. Get back, you report that one stolen. Sure as hell no one's gonna recover it."
#
NINETY
#
*** Georgetown ***
Four A.M. Witching hour for the Hogs and Heifers. At least one hundred in the lounge. Max peered at the screen of his computer monitor wondering how they did it. Up all night, stoned on biker fantasies, slopping beer all over the keyboard but still in there typing. What did they care about power, politics. The news, for godsakes.
Monsters.
For the tenth time he cruised the lounge.
No sign of the Lube.
A message suddenly flashed on his screen: "Mad Max. That you?"
No handle from the sender. Hell with it. He'd risk it.
"Could be."
"Don't play games with me faggot. You been lurking all night. You looking for closet action? H and H is for people who like to relate. Go suck your own pickle."
Flamed by a Neanderthal. MM logged off. He'd have to wait. He took a moment to consider unfinished business. With Sandy and Abbie dead, did they need to hang on to Hyduk? Not really. Why worry about the senator when it was so very clear he no longer had any choices?
Except to become President.
Max chuckled. All so simple. All those headlines. Perfect timing.
He stood up from the computer, tightened the cord around his dressing gown. A long buzz interrupted his revery. Four-fifteen. Becca Deming's place was only an hour or two away. Was Remy stupid enough to send someone here?
_Bzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz_.
Annoyed, he turned on the lights in the little vestibule and opened the door.
"I need to see you."
"What turns you out so early? Or are you on your way home?"
"We need to talk."
"You look terrible. Why don't you go home and sleep it off?"
"No. It won't wait."
"Okay, but let's do this in the living room. I've been sitting in a straight-back chair half the night."
So now they were facing each other across the coffee table.
"Why did you kill Janine?"
Was life going to be this way from now on?
"Correction, _chér_. I didn't kill Janine. She died."
"Someone helped her die, isn't that the way it went?"
"You could look at it that way."
"I'm in no mood to be fucked with."
"No, really. You could call it a... sort of... mercy killing. She was on her way out, actually, and someone just helped her along. Remember those reports? I had them spun just a little to spare you both the pain."
"A CAT scan. You're telling me you spun a CAT scan?"
"A very bad one for Janine, Senator. The doctor said four months tops. Look at it this way. She never had to know she was dyin'. No hospital, no pain, no morphine. It didn't hurt, you know. I made sure of that. The juice in the dart knocks you down immediately. She just sort of went to sleep and never woke up."
"You little bastard."
"Now hold on, _chér_. Are you sayin' you didn't have any hand in this?"
"I sure as shit didn't."
"You sure as shit did. Think on it a minute. This goes back a long way. Surely you haven't forgotten dear Sarah Wilder."
"Fuck you, Pat."
"You remember the part where you showed me all the pictures? And I said, 'Leave all that to old Uncle Patrice?' All on a need-to-know basis, remember? Because you sure as hell didn't want to know anythin', did you?"
"What are you trying to say?"
"You were so rattled you didn't tell me you'd already confessed to Janine. I swear to God, you actually sent me down there to try to talk her out of it and didn't tell me what you'd done. I was about to say, 'Look, Janine, America doesn't like its heroes bad-mouthed. Especially by women.' But I didn't even get two words out. You know what she said to me?"
"Don't, Pat."
"You know, that's exactly what she said. You two are a real pair. She said, 'Don't, Pat. He spilled his guts to me about Vietnam a long time ago. I know everything about ODA 351. And I'm not going to live with it anymore.'
"I didn't even know what she was talkin' about. So I asked her and she told me everythin'. So I said, 'Darlin', let's forget about heroes, then. Let's talk big picture. Your health, your future. Not only can you skin the goose, I'm goin' to help you do it right. Here's what's goin' to happen. We're goin' to give you everything that man has, includin' his full military pension. We're also goin' to put two million dollars in a new Swiss bank account for you. No-tax dollars, darlin'."
"You're lying, Pat."
"Nossir, I'm not. The two of us sat there lookin' at each other and I was holdin' up two fingers for that two million and do you know what she said to me? She said one word. Just one word. And you know what that word was, _chér_?"
"Cut it out, Pat."
"The word was 'five.' Like F-I-V-E. I figured fair's fair. So I gave her just one word back. And the word I gave her was 'done.' _Done_ , as in done deal. Now, another thing, Senator, while we're at it. Where do you think that five million came from? Well, it came from good ole Uncle Gus, who had Remy collect it from good ole T. C. Johnson. So I'd say you had a pretty big hand in all this. To be honest, I'd even say you sort of owe them."
"No one buys me, you little prick."
"Is that right? Well, _chér_ , I'd say we sold you down the Santee River a long time ago."
"What about the others, Pat? What about General Caine?"
"Cocaine. Injected in the hock. Never shows. They fix races now with fifty cc's. Black Jack was higher than John Belushi."
No point in not telling him. The more he knew, the deeper the hook. He'd never get off now. Hyduk was a luxury. Remy could delete him any time.
"What about Sandy and Abbie? And Buell?"
"Buell drowned in the sweat of his own fat gut; he choked on his own greed. Whatever turns you on, Senator. The young lovers? That's being taken care of as we speak. They're up at Becca Deming's place. She knows everything, so I'm afraid she'll be leavin' us, too. Not a serious problem. Reporters are a dime a dozen, we both know that."
"Call them off. Now."
"Too late, _chér. Pas possible_. Remy should be weighing in any minute. No witnesses. Witnesses would be very bad for your image, Senator. Bad for your polls. Bad for your future."
"Bad for T. C. Johnson?"
"That, too."
"Why, Pat?"
A hot surge of anger. Don't let him get to you.
"You have to look at these things with the third eye, Senator. It's all a question of the true nature of power. Use your imagination. When I was a child workin' in the kitchen I was an innocent, a regular little Keats of the scullery. 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty.' I was sure that was all you needed to know in life. What else was there? I had principles. Like I said, I was pure. But you know, I changed the day I discovered the way the world really works. In my innocence, I never understood that what counts is who's sittin' at the table, not what you put on it."
"Is that all you believe, Pat?"
"I believe it's safer to be feared than loved. Machiavelli, _chér_. I believe in power. That's where we started, wasn't it?"
"What the hell good does it do you? What do you want it for?"
"Nothin'. Power is about power, _chér_ , nothin' else. Winnin' it is all that counts. Holdin' on to it. Why is this idea so hard to grasp? How many times have you heard liberals carryin' on about things like art for art's sake? Why not power for power's sake? It's honest. If nothin' else, it's the only thing that explains this town these days."
"Everything always under control, Pat? Is that it?"
"Well, I do like gettin' my way." Patrice pulled the silk gown tightly around his small shoulders. "But why don't you tell me why you ran off with Alex's medal, Jeff, why you stole his honor? These things happen."
Senator Taylor shot him once. The round from the General's .45 hit just below Patrice's widow's peak, dropping his soft body on the kelim while carrying the back of his skull across the room and arranging it on the far wall in an abstract pattern of blood, brains and bone.
Senator Taylor looked down at the body. The entry wound was very neat. It looked like a black quarter with smudges at the top and bottom like mascara.
Third eye.
"What do you see now, Pat?" Senator Taylor said out loud. From his pocket, he took a blue box 7 inches long and 3 inches wide and set it down on the coffee table next to the .45. He kneeled down and tugged the silk cord away from the dressing gown, placing the cord alongside the box. Then he went into the study and rummaged around until he found a pair of scissors and an envelope that carried his office postmark.
When he got back, he opened the box and took out his medal.
The ribbon fell across his hand like a caress.
Taking the shears, he snipped the medal off the ribbon and slipped it into the envelope. He took out his fountain pen.
No need for a note, really.
On the front of the envelope, he wrote, _For Lieutenant Alexander Grant Caine. US Army_.
Then he licked the flap, sealed the envelope and put it carefully on the dead man's chest.
For a while he studied the composition. There was a faint smile of surprise on Pat's face. Maybe he did have a sense of humor, after all.
Picking up the denuded ribbon and the silk cord, Senator Taylor crossed the room, opened the French doors and went out into the garden.
Cold now. Very cold.
At the end of the narrow garden Patrice had built a small pergola, just a few strong uprights and crossbeams with some trelliswork to keep off the summer sun. Next to the pergola was the small red wagon he used for moving plants.
The senator moved the red wagon until it was in the middle of the pergola. Then he took the silk cord and tied a Baker's bowline in one end. Standing on the red wagon, he tied the other end of the cord around one of the white crossbeams.
When the knots were done, he reached into his pocket, took out the ribbon and put it around his neck. The broken links where the medal had been attached snagged in his shirt. Pulling them free, he slipped the bowline around his neck.
He twined the ribbon around the cord, and tightened the knot.
Then he kicked away the red wagon.
The fall was not enough to break his neck. He knew that. His feet stopped 4 inches above the ground. Pat's silken noose cut deeply into his throat, strangling him.
#
NINETY-ONE
#
**Fort Bragg * North Carolina**
It was nearly noon at Fort Bragg. The shades in Santana's apartment were drawn. Only a thin finger of light stretched across the floor to the chair where Abbie was sleeping. When Sandy woke up, the first thing he saw was the light playing in her hair.
"Abbie?"
Calling out made pain shoot through his body, sharp needles that followed his rib cage as if some demon seamstress was on top of him, stitching up his chest.
She stirred, opened her eyes.
"Is that you?" she asked drowsily, then, snapping awake, "I'm here, Sandy. Over here."
She sat on the edge of the bed and touched the bandages. "Better," she said "You're not seeping anymore."
"How long have I been out?"
"Two days—you lost a lot of blood."
Before she could say anything more, Nate and Santana heard them talking and came in from the porch. "Where's Hyduk, Nate? Did he make it?"
"Yeah, he made it, Captain. We put him on the plane back to Whitefish this morning. He said to tell you he's through bein' Siamese twins. Too fucking dangerous bein' attached to you."
Sandy closed his eyes.
"What about the others, they okay?"
"All hands present for duty."
"Remy?"
"He ain't gonna be causin' no more trouble. 'Less you believe in the walkin' dead."
Santana leaned over him and felt his pulse. "Figured you wouldn't be real happy at waking up explaining those wounds to some T. C. Johnson—owned sheriff. We got a couple of pints of blood into you. Your arm's okay, but you busted two ribs. That's why you look so funny when you try to talk. No infection so far. We had a Special Forces doc come by and clean you up. He says give it a couple more days and you'll be packing a ruck."
Nate looked at Abbie, then nodded to Santana. They went back out on the porch.
"Jeff's dead, pups. Patrice, too."
"How?"
"Later, pups, you need rest now."
"I need to know."
She leaned over and sorted through the newspapers on the floor next to her, then read him the first-wire service account. " 'Senator Shoots Aide, Hangs Self.' " The reporter had the gun and the silk cord, but the rest was police blotter stuff. No one had put it all together.
"Christ, it makes it sound like there was something kinky between them," Sandy said. "What a pile of crap."
"Sex, lies and politics, pups. What do you expect?"
"Jeff had nowhere else to go, Abbie. He did the right thing."
"I know."
"I loved him, goddammit. I still do. He did one dishonorable thing and spent his whole life trying to make up for it."
He looked over at her, studying her face.
"What is it, pups?"
"Thank God you made it. I couldn't live without you."
"Is that right, pups? Like forever? You know what? I think forever would last until the day you needed to do a little more research with Carrie Perkins."
"Oh forget Carrie Perkins, Abbie. You could've been killed. Don't you understand that?" She saw tears working at the corners of his eyes.
Okay, Abs, no more smart-ass. Reaching over she gently kissed his eyelids. "I'll tell you what I do understand, pups. Bad enough you were ready to die for me. I almost got you killed."
"No you didn't, Abs. I did a good job of it all by myself."
"I don't think so, pups. You had everything in the world going for you. You didn't need any of this. Why did you do it?"
"I did it for Babs."
"Barbara Ann Brakowski, bride of the Sons of Poland? I don't think so. You didn't know the first thing about her until last week."
He looked at the ceiling.
"All right, price of honor, I guess." He closed his eyes, as if saying the word had embarrassed him. "I had to get to the truth. It was like there was no choice. No truth, no honor. Fuck it. It's all a mystery to me. Let's talk about something else."
"All right, I think we should change jobs."
"You really want to shoot people? I could never write a story."
"Not what I meant. I was thinking about being your responsibility. I'd rather you were mine for a while, okay?"
"I thought I already was. And you're doing just great."
"You always think I'm doing just great. All this time, you never asked me to change. You didn't rattle my chains. Not once."
"It would take an eighteen-wheeler to rattle your chains."
"Very cute."
He touched his chest carefully, probing his ribs.
"Move over, soldier," she said, lying down next to him, snuggling against his good side. "You just don't get it."
"So enlighten me."
"I'm yours, pups. Totally yours. I've decided."
"Airborne, Abs. Glad you signed up. You're stuck with me, too."
Outside on the porch, Caldwell and Santana were playing cards. Sandy heard a sharp, ripping sound as Nate shuffled and dealt. The dead past tearing away. Royal flush. He pulled Abbie closer and closed his eyes. The hair, he thought sleepily, remembering the red curl he had slipped into the envelope in Zagreb. Now he knew why he'd kept it.
#
EPILOGUE
#
*** The White House ***
Six months later, during a small private ceremony at the White House, the President of the United States presented the Medal of Honor (Posthumous) to Lieutenant Alexander Grant Caine. The gathering in the Oval Office was attended by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Army Chief of Staff. Captain Alexander Grant Caine II, United States Army, accepted the medal on behalf of his father, killed in action in Vietnam.
The other guests that day were Captain Caine's fianceé, Abigail Mancini; her colleague, Rebecca Deming; and Melba Casadero, a close friend of the family. The two reporters had just received the Pulitzer prize for their front-page series in the _Washington Chronicle_ about the circumstances leading up to the murder-suicide of Senator Jefferson Taylor and his chief of staff, Patrice St. Jean.
On the same day the Senate Armed Services Committee voted to kill the F-44 jet fighter. Six months later T. C. Johnson filed for bankruptcy. The A-Team was in Colombia on a covert mission. In the absence of Captain Caine, Chief Warrant Officer Nathan Preston Caldwell was in command.
| tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Books3 |
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Yeah, anything that happened behind-the-scenes you feel makes the movie extra-special? Lastly I want to ask you, you have Suspiria coming up. Unique lists featuring pop culture, entertainment and crazy facts. Is there any trivia about making the Cure for Wellness you want audiences to know about? Instead of a shy smile, Goth often scrunches up her face quizzically at the cameras, triggering online banter about her resemblance to the curmudgeonly feline phenomenon, Grumpy Cat.
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I feel that sometimes with [other] female roles, real feelings are diminished. I was drawn to how much of a family that world felt like. You never have the middle ground, and I was really keen to portray a realistic, honest approach of who I think a young woman would be in this situation — strong and independent.
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I felt like a little rock star. Beautiful ass xxx video. What was that shoot day like? There are a lot of strange solutions used in the film.
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Loading comments… Trouble loading? Instead of a shy smile, Goth often scrunches up her face quizzically at the cameras, triggering online banter about her resemblance to the curmudgeonly feline phenomenon, Grumpy Cat.
A magician pulls a rabbit from a hat and actors pull truth from fiction. With half-Brazilian, half-Canadian roots, Goth enjoyed an intercontinental youth.
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When Booth invited her to assist on shoots for work experience, Goth characteristically threw herself into the role. She plays Meg, the daughter of one of the climbers in mortal danger. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
Exploration as a mediator of the relation between the attainment of motor milestones and the development of spatial cognition and spatial language.
The embodied-cognition approach views cognition and language as grounded in daily sensorimotor child-environment interactions. Therefore, the attainment of motor milestones is expected to play a role in cognitive-linguistic development. Early attainment of unsupported sitting and independent walking indeed predict better spatial cognition and language at later ages. However, evidence linking these milestones with the development of spatial language and evidence regarding factors that might mediate this relation are scarce. The current study examined whether exploration of spatial-relational object properties (e.g., the possibility of containing or stacking) and exploration of the space through self-locomotion mediate the effect of, respectively, age of sitting and age of walking on spatial cognition and spatial language. Thus, we hypothesized that an earlier age of sitting and walking predicts, respectively, higher levels of spatial-relational object exploration and exploration through self-locomotion, which in turn, predict better spatial cognition and spatial language at later ages. Fifty-nine Dutch children took part in a longitudinal study. A combination of tests, observations, and parental reports was used to measure motor development, exploratory behavior (age 20 months), spatial memory (age 24 months), spatial processing (age 32 months), and spatial language (age 36 months). Results show that attainment of sitting predicted spatial memory and spatial language, but spatial-relational object exploration did not mediate these effects. Attainment of independent walking predicted spatial processing and spatial language, and exploration through self-locomotion (partially) mediated these relations. These findings extend previous work and provide partial support for the hypotheses about the mediating role of exploration. | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | PubMed Abstracts |
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Last month I finally decided to replace my PSU. I decided to change their due 500watt power on the old PSU which unable to support the latest generation graphic card. Choosing the PSU is not easy, because so many things to consider for choosing a PSU. Fin ... | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Pile-CC |
The Whole Art of Detection
The Whole Art of Detection: Lost Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes is an anthology of Sherlock Holmes pastiche short stories by Lyndsay Faye. All but two of the stories have been previously published with 10 of the 15 stories were originally published in The Strand Magazine in slightly different form. The stories are divided chronologically into four sections: pre-Baker Street, the early adventures of Holmes and Watson, adventures during the "great hiatus", and the retirement years. Many of the stories are based on references in the Canon of Sherlock Holmes such as "Colonel Warburton’s Madness" a reference made in "The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb" and "Notes Regarding the Disappearance of Mr. James Phillimore" which is a reference made in "The Problem of Thor Bridge".
Audio book
An audio book version was released read by Simon Vance.
Reception
Nicholas Meyer, author of the Sherlock Holmes pastiche The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, said the book was worthy of sitting alongside Doyle's original stories and "is absolutely essential reading for any aficionado who cherishes the real thing." Kirkus Reviews said the stories were built on strong foundations with good use of Holmes' deductive powers towards a progressive use of the character. The Strand Magazine praised the stories saying "These stories demonstrate Faye’s extreme fondness for the original canon. Unlike some modern authors who continue Holmes’s adventures, Faye celebrates the classic aspects of the stories, without feeling the need to change or rearrange certain character traits or habits, add new perspectives, or inflate certain plot points out of all proportion." Leslie S. Klinger, editor of The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes praised the book saying "For those who despair that Arthur Conan Doyle only gave us 60 stories of Holmes, rejoice! Here are 15 more treasures!"
References
External links
Lyndsay Faye's official website
Category:2017 short story collections
Category:Sherlock Holmes short story collections
Category:Sherlock Holmes pastiches | tomekkorbak/pile-curse-small | Wikipedia (en) |
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