Datasets:

pminervini

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averitec

like 0

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Hydroxychloroquine is not listed as part of the seeds components.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160014/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3551137/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3551137/" } ], "question": "Do Kalonji seeds contain 100% Hydroxychloroquine?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "While some western, traditional or home remedies may provide comfort and\nalleviate symptoms of mild COVID-19, there are no medicines that have been\nshown to prevent or cure the disease.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221103120014/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/social-determinants-of-health/covid19-advice-older-adults-qandas-cleared.pdf?sfvrsn=2e17964b_6", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/social-determinants-of-health/covid19-advice-older-adults-qandas-cleared.pdf?sfvrsn=2e17964b_6" } ], "question": "Has a COVID-19 cure been found from the date of this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "10 April 20", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When was the claimed made?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There is no patent for the new coronovirus", "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10422" } ], "question": "Is there a patent for the COVID-19 virus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "A patent does exist for a different coronovirus, called avian infectious bronchitis.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041258/https://patents.justia.com/patent/10130701#history", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041258/https://patents.justia.com/patent/10130701#history" } ], "question": "Can you patent a virus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "This patent is not owned by Bill Gates nor by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, but by the Pirbright Institute in the UK, which aimed to develop a vaccine against IBV.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210617105607/https://patents.justia.com/patent/10130701#history", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210617105607/https://patents.justia.com/patent/10130701#history" } ], "question": "Does Bill Gates own this patent?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "COVID19 vaccines were still in trial status during this time", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230415143536/https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04313127", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04313127" } ], "question": "At the time of this claim did an effective vaccine against COVID-19 exist?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "How many hotels are in Las Vegas" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Trump hotel alongside several other of his properties did not participate in releasing rooms for the COVID effort", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210114135725/https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-congratulates-businesses-for-helping-fight-coronavirus-but-his-own-company-has-been-absent", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210114135725/https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-congratulates-businesses-for-helping-fight-coronavirus-but-his-own-company-has-been-absent" } ], "question": "During the pandemic, what contributions were made by the Trump hotel in Las Vegas" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to Collins English Dictionary:\n\nThe partners in a firm or business are the people who share the ownership of it.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160643/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/business-partner", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/business-partner" } ], "question": "What is the definition of business partner?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Our mission is to create a world where every person has the opportunity to live a healthy, productive life.\n\nWe are a non profit fighting poverty, disease, and inequity around the world.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512155907/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about" } ], "question": "What is the Gate Foundation's mission statement?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Spurring innovations\nthat improve the human condition by stepping in where governments and businesses leave gaps.\n\nStrengthening global cooperation\nby bringing together governments, businesses, philanthropies, and communities to save and transform lives around the world.\n\nCreating market incentives\nfor lifesaving products by supporting the development and delivery of vaccines, treatments, diagnostics, and other tools for those most in need.\n\nGenerating high-quality data and evidence\nthat drive progress by showing what’s working and what isn’t.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512155950/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/our-role", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/our-role" } ], "question": "How does the Gates Foundation declare they fulfil that role?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Governing Principles\nThe foundation is governed by a board of trustees, co-chaired by Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates. The board provides strategic oversight and expertise to the foundation and steers the organization in furtherance of its mission to create a world where every person has the opportunity to live a healthy, productive life.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512155948/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/policies-and-resources", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/policies-and-resources" } ], "question": "What are the Governing Principles of the Foundation, according to the website?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "497 grants to China are listed under Committed Grants on the Foundation website.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160733/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/search?q=china", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gatesfoundation.org/search?q=china" } ], "question": "How many grants have been issued by the Foundation to China between 1997 and 2022?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Two grants were given to Wuhan University under the topic: \nGlobal Health and Development Public Awareness and Analysis.\n\nOne in January 2021, and the other in 2018.\n\nA third grant was given to Union Hospital in April 2011 for Discovery and Translational Sciences", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160756/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/search?q=wuhan%2C%20china", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gatesfoundation.org/search?q=wuhan%2C%20china" } ], "question": "What grants were specifically linked to Wuhan, China?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Five committed grants are listed:\nFour under the topic, HIV (November 2014, October 2009, July 2008, September 2007), and one topic listed as: \nGlobal Health and Development Public Awareness and Analysis (November 2021).", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160810/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants?q=The%20Wuhan%20Center%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants?q=The%20Wuhan%20Center%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention#committed_grants" } ], "question": "What grants for The Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention are listed on the Foundation's website?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "the World Health Organization's International EMF Project, which investigates the health effects of electromagnetic fields on humans, argues there are \"no major public health risks [that] have emerged from several decades of EMF research.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121949/https://www.dw.com/en/5g-networks-are-they-dangerous-to-our-health/a-47981285", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.dw.com/en/5g-networks-are-they-dangerous-to-our-health/a-47981285" } ], "question": "Is 5G radiation harmful to human health?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "To date, and after much research performed, no adverse health effect has been causally linked with exposure to wireless technologies. Health-related conclusions are drawn from studies performed across the entire radio spectrum but, so far, only a few studies have been carried out at the frequencies to be used by 5G.\n\nTissue heating is the main mechanism of interaction between radiofrequency fields and the human body. Radiofrequency exposure levels from current technologies result in negligible temperature rise in the human body.\n\nAs the frequency increases, there is less penetration into the body tissues and absorption of the energy becomes more confined to the surface of the body (skin and eye). Provided that the overall exposure remains below international guidelines, no consequences for public health are anticipated.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230510143551/https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-5g-mobile-networks-and-health", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-5g-mobile-networks-and-health" } ], "question": "What are the potential health risks from 5G?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The following 34 states and Washington, D.C., offer \"no-excuse\" absentee/mailed ballot voting: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado*, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii*, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon*, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island**, South Dakota, Utah*, Vermont, Virginia, Washington*, Wisconsin and Wyoming", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210121235910/https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/absentee-and-early-voting.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210121235910/https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/absentee-and-early-voting.aspx" } ], "question": "What states require an absentee ballot to be sent in without excuses but can be signed by two witnesses" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Voting On Absentee Ballot\n\nIn the presence of two witnesses (or one witness if the witness is a notary-public), the voter should mark the ballot, or cause it to be marked according to his or her instructions.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160844/https://www.elections.claync.us/vote-absentee-by-mail", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.elections.claync.us/vote-absentee-by-mail" } ], "question": "Is it required that an absentee ballot be signed by two witnesses or a notary public in North Carolina?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The man pictured is Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, not Biden. The photo appears to be a screen grab of Obrador kissing the child’s cheek from a video of him greeting people.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516161002/https://www.facebook.com/jason.eggers.5/posts/10217515111210582", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/jason.eggers.5/posts/10217515111210582" } ], "question": "Did an image shared on Facebook show Joe Biden biting a young girl on the cheek?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No. The man pictured is Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, not Biden. The photo appears to be a screen grab of Obrador kissing the child’s cheek from a video of him greeting people.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516161002/https://www.facebook.com/jason.eggers.5/posts/10217515111210582", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/jason.eggers.5/posts/10217515111210582" } ], "question": "Did an image shared on Facebook show someone biting a young girl on the cheek?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The man pictured is Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, not Biden.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516161002/https://www.facebook.com/jason.eggers.5/posts/10217515111210582", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/jason.eggers.5/posts/10217515111210582" } ], "question": "Did an image shared on Facebook show Joe Biden ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Pharmacist Vandana Tiwari, a medical college located in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, died tragically in Gwalior. He had a brain hemorrhage due to non stop corona duty.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234439/https://www.bhopalsamachar.com/2020/04/dm-cm-mp-news.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234439/https://www.bhopalsamachar.com/2020/04/dm-cm-mp-news.html" } ], "question": "How did Dr. Vandana Tiwari die?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "At the Accountant Generals Office in Nigeria.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516161525/https://twitter.com/FinMinNigeria/status/1248381996415377408?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/FinMinNigeria/status/1248381996415377408?s=20" } ], "question": "Where did the fire in the claim take place?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No funds were lost in the fire at the Accountant Generals Office which was contained to two rooms.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516161525/https://twitter.com/FinMinNigeria/status/1248381996415377408?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/FinMinNigeria/status/1248381996415377408?s=20" } ], "question": "Was any Covid 19 relief funding cash destroyed in the fire at the Accountant Generals Office in Nigeria?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The United States added the Islamic State group to its list of terrorist organizations on Dec. 17, 2004. At that time, the group had just become known as “Al-Qaeda in Iraq,” after the founder Abu Musab al-Zarqawi received permission to be an affiliate in Iraq. Al-Qaeda was added to the State Department’s list in 1999.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Did The U.S. resist blacklisting ISIS?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Organistions are routinely added and the list shows when groups were added.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515072626/https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/" } ], "question": "Does the US have a 'blacklist' of terrorist organisations?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It first appeared in 10/08/1999 and then 17/12/2004 under the name - Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (formerly al-Qa’ida in Iraq)", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515072626/https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/" } ], "question": "How long have Al-Qaeda in Iraq been on the list?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "N2,825,597,363", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/2016-budget?task=document.viewdoc&id=49#page=5" } ], "question": "What was the budget allocation to the State House Clinic facility in the 2016?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "N331,730,211", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/2017-approved-budget?task=document.viewdoc&id=647#page=5" } ], "question": "What was the budget allocation to the State House Clinic facility in the 2017?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "N1,030,458,453", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/2018-budget-proposal?task=document.viewdoc&id=667#page=11" } ], "question": "What was the budget allocation to the State House Clinic facility in the 2018?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "N798,856,093", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/2019-budget?task=document.viewdoc&id=710" } ], "question": "What was the budget allocation to the State House Clinic facility in the 2019?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "N723,003,927", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/2020-executive-budget-proposal?task=document.viewdoc&id=732" } ], "question": "What was the budget allocation to the State House Clinic facility in the 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Former Vice President Atiku Abubakar is talking about the debt at the end of President Olusegun Obasanjo's administration which ended in 2007.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163313/https://twitter.com/atiku/status/1064475727142285312?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1064475727142285312&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelstv.com%2F2018%2F11%2F19%2Fwhat-nigerians-will-gain-if-i-am-elected-president-atiku%2F", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/atiku/status/1064475727142285312?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1064475727142285312&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelstv.com%2F2018%2F11%2F19%2Fwhat-nigerians-will-gain-if-i-am-elected-president-atiku%2F" } ], "question": "What time period is the claim referring to when it speaks about Nigeria paying off all its foreign debt?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Did the Obasanjo administration leave any foreign debt when they left office in 2007?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A paddle boarder was arrested Thursday after ignoring lifeguards’ orders to get out of the ocean near the Malibu Pier despite beach closures amid the coronavirus pandemic.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210516071304/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-03/paddle-boarder-arrested-in-malibu-after-flouting-coronavirus-closures", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210516071304/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-03/paddle-boarder-arrested-in-malibu-after-flouting-coronavirus-closures" } ], "question": "Did LA County sheriff’s deputies arrest a surfer for violating the state’s stay-at-home order?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The flu vaccine works better in some years than others Across all age groups including children, the flu vaccine prevented 15-52% of flu cases between 2015 - 2020.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210304122052/https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/inactivated-flu-vaccine", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210304122052/https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/inactivated-flu-vaccine" } ], "question": "How effective is the Flu Vaccine?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The flu virus is very variable and changes over time. Each year there are different strains around, and a new vaccine has to be prepared to deal with them. Vaccination from previous years is not likely to protect people against current strains of flu.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210304122052/https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/inactivated-flu-vaccine", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210304122052/https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/inactivated-flu-vaccine" } ], "question": "Why do we need the flu vaccine every year?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Senator Bernie Sanders endorsed Joseph R. Biden Jr. as the Democratic nominee for president on Monday, adding the weight of his left-wing support to Mr. Biden’s candidacy and taking a major step toward bringing unity to the party’s effort to unseat President Trump in November.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509143810/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/13/us/politics/bernie-sanders-joe-biden-endorsement.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/13/us/politics/bernie-sanders-joe-biden-endorsement.html" } ], "question": "Does Bernie Sanders endorse Joe Biden for President?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "In May 1999, the price of Nigeria’s main crude oil export, Bonny Light, was US$16.94 per barrel, according to historical data from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201019/https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=INI1500008&f=M", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201019/https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=INI1500008&f=M" } ], "question": "What was the price of oil in May 1999 in Nigeria?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "On 8 April 2020, the day Abubakar’s article was published, Bonny Light crude sold at $25.89 per barrel. Strictly interpreted, Abubaka was accurate that the price of oil was lower in 1999.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201019/https://oilprice.com/oil-price-charts/46#section_50", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201019/https://oilprice.com/oil-price-charts/46#section_50" } ], "question": "What was the oil prices at the time of this claim?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "3.2% growth", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What was the original forecast of The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa concerning Africa's economic growth" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "the agency had pared back its growth forecast for the region for 2020, from 3.2% to between 1.8% and 2% in a best-case scenario. But this could shrink to 0.1% or, in a worst-case scenario, to as low as -2.6%.", "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Did the UN change the forecast for Africa's growth because of the pandemic" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "In May 1999, the price of Nigeria’s main crude oil export, Bonny Light, was US$16.94 per barrel,", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210922122901/https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=INI1500008&f=M", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210922122901/https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=INI1500008&f=M" } ], "question": "What was the oil price in May 1999?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "On 8 April 2020, the day Abubakar’s article was published, Bonny Light crude sold at $25.89 per barrel.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201019/https://oilprice.com/oil-price-charts/46#section_50", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719201019/https://oilprice.com/oil-price-charts/46#section_50" } ], "question": "What was the oil price in april 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Evidence shows that almost no one knowingly and willfully casts an illegal vote in the United States and that the number of in-person voter fraud is infinitesimal", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210811152818/https://www.amazon.com/Myth-Voter-Fraud-Lorraine-Minnite/dp/0801448484", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210811152818/https://www.amazon.com/Myth-Voter-Fraud-Lorraine-Minnite/dp/0801448484" } ], "question": "What is the research based evidence for the voter fraud in the United States" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Bernie Sanders, in his fight for the U.S democratic presidential nomination.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Who is the 'Sanders' the claim refers to?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "8th April 2020.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "what was the date for this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "He Tweeted that he was suspending his campaign on 8th April 2020,", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210824131549/https://twitter.com/BernieSanders/status/1247913426166280192", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210824131549/https://twitter.com/BernieSanders/status/1247913426166280192" } ], "question": "Did Bernie Sanders end his battle to become the democratic presidential nominee in April 2020?" } ]

[ "Position Statement", "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Based on a modelling study published in December 2017, the WHO estimates that between 290,000 and 650,000 respiratory deaths globally each year are associated with seasonal influenza. \n\nThe authors of the study argued their findings showed that countries should be following robust seasonal influenza vaccination programmes as recommended by the WHO.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210307080931/https://www.who.int/influenza/surveillance_monitoring/bod/en/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210307080931/https://www.who.int/influenza/surveillance_monitoring/bod/en/" } ], "question": "How many global death are caused by the flu, every year?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "31/12/2019", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230510145652/https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19" } ], "question": "When was the novel coronavirus first reported?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "N2.1 trillion", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220703211141/https://www.dmo.gov.ng/debt-profile/domestic-debts/domestic-debt-service/3116-federal-government-actual-domestic-debt-service-for-january-december-2019/file", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://www.dmo.gov.ng/debt-profile/domestic-debts/domestic-debt-service/3116-federal-government-actual-domestic-debt-service-for-january-december-2019/file" } ], "question": "How much did Nigeria spend on debt in 2019?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "N4.77 trillion", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220728090722/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2020/RSD/CBN%20ECONOMIC%20REPORT%20FOURTH%20QUARTER%202019%20Final.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2020/RSD/CBN%20ECONOMIC%20REPORT%20FOURTH%20QUARTER%202019%20Final.pdf" } ], "question": "What was Nigeria's revenue in 2019?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "FG spent ₦6.4 billion on Aso Villa Clinic in six years", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163609/https://www.dataphyte.com/tag/aso-rock-clinic-budget/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.dataphyte.com/tag/aso-rock-clinic-budget/" } ], "question": "how much hs been invested into the aso rock clinic in the past 6 years" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "NewsMobile fact-checked the above post and found it to be fake.\n\nSince the notice was attributed to the Tourism Ministry, we checked their official website and social media accounts for confirmation.\n\nDebunking the above notice, the ministry asked people to refrain from forwarding such fake messages as it wasn’t issued by the government.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118142141/https://t.co/RgCrp86NdJ", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118142141/https://t.co/RgCrp86NdJ" } ], "question": "what will happen on october 15th in india?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The MoT, issued a response to this claim saying \nkindly refrain from forwarding a certain fake message regarding the closure of hotels/restaurants. We assure you that we have not issued such a message.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163701/https://twitter.com/tourismgoi/status/1247761472018509830", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/tourismgoi/status/1247761472018509830" } ], "question": "Did the Indian Minister of Tourism issue a message stating that all restaurants and hotels in India to be closed till October 15, 2020, due to Coronavirus." } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "They reported that Africa's growth forecast is between 1.8% and 2 % but could sink lower.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211102203239/https://www.uneca.org/stories/economic-diversification-must-central-africa-faces-double-jeopardy-coronavirus", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211102203239/https://www.uneca.org/stories/economic-diversification-must-central-africa-faces-double-jeopardy-coronavirus" } ], "question": "What did The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa project regarding Africa's growth?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Growth is expected to slow down from 3.2 percent to 1.8 percent in a best-case scenario", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230418172423/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/coronavirus/eca-report-covid-19-africa-protecting-lives-and-economies", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/coronavirus/eca-report-covid-19-africa-protecting-lives-and-economies" } ], "question": "What did the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) project that Africa's growth will drop by?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "16.94 per barrel", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210922122901/https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=INI1500008&f=M", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210922122901/https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=INI1500008&f=M" } ], "question": "What was the price of oil in May 1999 in Nigeria?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "25.89 per barrel", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719175205/https://oilprice.com/oil-price-charts/46#section_50", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719175205/https://oilprice.com/oil-price-charts/46#section_50" } ], "question": "What was the price of oil in 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Nigeria still had 3.65 billion in debt in 2007", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515210105/https://www.dmo.gov.ng/publications/reports/dmo-annual-report-statement-of-accounts/1057-dmo-2007-annual-report/file", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.dmo.gov.ng/publications/reports/dmo-annual-report-statement-of-accounts/1057-dmo-2007-annual-report/file" } ], "question": "Did Nigeria pay off its entire debt in 2007?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Nigerian centre for disease control (NCDC) was established to enhance Nigeria's response to epidemics.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200513111651/https://twitter.com/NCDCgov/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200513111651/https://twitter.com/NCDCgov/" } ], "question": "Who is tasked with the prevention, detection, and control of disease outbreaks in Nigeria." }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "NCDC states on their official twitter page that SMS is a key part of our #COVID19 response strategy", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200409141824/https://twitter.com/NCDCgov/status/1248124129435320322?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200409141824/https://twitter.com/NCDCgov/status/1248124129435320322?s=20" } ], "question": "Who was tasked with sending SMS alerts in Nigerias COVID19 response strategy?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "SMS has been largely provided as in-kind support by @AirtelNigeria @MTNNG @GloWorld", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200409141824/https://twitter.com/NCDCgov/status/1248124129435320322?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200409141824/https://twitter.com/NCDCgov/status/1248124129435320322?s=20" } ], "question": "How much has the NCDC spent on SMS in its Covid 19 response?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Airtel Nigeria, MTN Nigeria, and Glo Nigeria are Nigeria’s largest mobile telecommunication companies by subscriber base.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230405094454/https://ncc.gov.ng/statistics-reports/subscriber-data", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://www.ncc.gov.ng/statistics-reports/subscriber-data" } ], "question": "Who are @AirtelNigeria @MTNNG and @GloWorld?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "a State may remove a registrant who \"(i) has failed to\nrespond to a notice\" and \"(ii) has not voted or appeared to vote ...\nduring the period beginning on the date of the notice and ending on\nthe day after the date of the second general election for Federal office\nthat occurs after the date of the notice\" (about four years). 52 U. S. C.\n§20507(d)(l)(B). Not only are States allowed to remove registrants\nwho satisfy these requirements, but federal law makes this removal\nmandatory.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230326000821/https://www.judicialwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/JW-v-Logan-California-NVRA-settlement-08948.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.judicialwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/JW-v-Logan-California-NVRA-settlement-08948.pdf" } ], "question": "What happens to an inactive voter?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) is a federal law requiring the removal of inactive registrations from the voter rolls after two general federal elections (encompassing from 2 to 4 years).", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163848/https://www.judicialwatch.org/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/" } ], "question": "What is the US Federal law regarding inactive voters?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Inactive voter registrations belong, for the most part, to voters who have moved to another county or state or have passed away.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163848/https://www.judicialwatch.org/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/" } ], "question": "What are the main reasons that voters become inactive?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Los Angeles County had the highest number of inactive registrations of any single county in the US, with more voter registrations on its voter rolls than it had citizens old enough to register. This means that more than one out of every five LA County registrations likely belongs to a voter who has moved or is deceased.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163848/https://www.judicialwatch.org/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/" }, { "answer": "Los Angeles County had on its rolls more than 1.5 million potentially ineligible voters.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163848/https://www.judicialwatch.org/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/" } ], "question": "What was the situation regarding registered voters in the County of Los Angeles in January 2019?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In its lawsuit, Judicial Watch alleged:\n\nLos Angeles County has more voter registrations on its voter rolls than it has citizens who are old enough to register. Specifically, according to data provided to and published by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission, Los Angeles County has a registration rate of 112 percent of its adult citizen population.\n\nThe entire State of California has a registration rate of about 101 percent of its age-eligible citizenry.\n\nEleven of California’s 58 counties have registration rates exceeding 100 percent of the age-eligible citizenry.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210425105341/https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210425105341/https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/" } ], "question": "What was the federal lawsuit filed by Judicial Watch against California in the 2019 US elections about?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The lawsuit confirmed that Los Angeles County has on its rolls more than 1.5 million potentially ineligible voters. This means that more than one out of every five LA County registrations likely belongs to a voter who has moved or is deceased. Judicial Watch notes that “Los Angeles County has the highest number of inactive registrations of any single county in the country.”\n\nThe Judicial Watch lawsuit also uncovered that neither the State of California nor Los Angeles County had been removing inactive voters from the voter registration rolls for the past 20 years. The Supreme Court affirmed last year in Husted v. A. Philip Randolph Inst., 138 S. Ct. 1833 (2018) that the NVRA “makes this removal mandatory.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210425105341/https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210425105341/https://www.judicialwatch.org/press-releases/california-and-los-angeles-county-to-remove-1-5-million-inactive-voters-from-voter-rolls-settle-judicial-watch-federal-lawsuit/" } ], "question": "What did the federal lawsuit filed by Judicial Watch against California in the 2019 US elections confirm?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "These voters do not automatically receive a mail ballot in each election. They are still eligible to vote by visiting a Voter Service and Polling Center during election time, or they can contact the Elections Division to find out more information about how to reactivate their record.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230320190830/https://www.broomfield.org/1096/Voter-Registration-Counts", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.broomfield.org/1096/Voter-Registration-Counts" }, { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Your inactive status will revert to active status, if you update your voter registration record, go to the polls to vote, or request an absentee ballot. However, if you do not take any of these actions after two general (federal) elections from the date you were first made inactive, your name will be removed from the registration system. You will have to re-register again in order to vote.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230311215447/https://www.votecolumbia.com/Voter-Info/Voter-Registration", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.votecolumbia.com/Voter-Info/Voter-Registration" } ], "question": "Do inactive voter registrations count as a vote?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "07/04/2020", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When was the claim made" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "He was in an Intensive care Unit", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200621181130/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/07/uk/boris-johnson-coronavirus-uk-gbr-intl/index.html", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200621181130/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/07/uk/boris-johnson-coronavirus-uk-gbr-intl/index.html" } ], "question": "Where was Boris Johnson on April 7, 2020" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Boris Johnson is discharged after seven nights in St Thomas’ and is taken to his country retreat", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230426095254/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/05/timeline-boris-johnson-and-coronavirus", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/05/timeline-boris-johnson-and-coronavirus" } ], "question": "Where was the Prime Minister Boris Johnson on Sunday 12th April, 2020" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Debunked by alternate fact checking site.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200728105617/https://twitter.com/PIBFactCheck/status/1242402950095360000?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200728105617/https://twitter.com/PIBFactCheck/status/1242402950095360000?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" }, { "answer": "The Central Monitoring System (CMS), which was largely covered by the media in 2013, was actually approved by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) on 16th June 2011", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516164133/https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-central-monitoring-system-something-to-worry-about", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-central-monitoring-system-something-to-worry-about" } ], "question": "Is the Indian Government monitoring all forms of communication?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Swansea Bay National Health Service said that the information was inaccurate and no nurses had died in their intensive therapy units.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516164612/https://twitter.com/SwanseabayNHS/status/1247440215305785344", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/SwanseabayNHS/status/1247440215305785344" } ], "question": "What was Welsh Swansea Bay National Health Service comment about the social media claim on 06/04/2020 that two nurses who were in intensive therapy units (ITUs) in Swansea, Wales have died and three more ventilated?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Chris Kapenga is Wisconsin state senator.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/195522/Chris_Kapenga.html" } ], "question": "Which state's senator is Chris Kapenga?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Wisconsin requires elections to be held at polling places.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201205175022/https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/5/i/25", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201205175022/https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/5/i/25" } ], "question": "What does Wisconsin legislation say about elections?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Absentee voters must make a written application to a local clerk for an official ballot.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201125121152/https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/6/iv/86/1/ar", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201125121152/https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/6/iv/86/1/ar" } ], "question": "What does Wisconsin legislation say about mail- in voting?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Ewedu leaves, (Corchorus olitorius) Jute leaf, popularly called ewedu among the Yoruba, ahinghara in Igbo and rama in Hausa, is a popular vegetable in West Africa.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516164916/https://pharmanewsonline.com/ewedu-more-than-just-a-vegetable/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://pharmanewsonline.com/ewedu-more-than-just-a-vegetable/" } ], "question": "What is Ewedu?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "the ewedu leaves, botanically called ‘corchorus olitorius’, contain flavonoid that helps zinc to enter into the virus-infected cell and prevents the reproduction mechanism of its RNA genetic material to stop the virus from reproducing inside the body”.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210721130314/https://web.archive.org/web/20200511063119/http://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/molokhia-leaves-help-curb-reproduction-of-coronavirus/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210721130314/https://web.archive.org/web/20200511063119/http://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/molokhia-leaves-help-curb-reproduction-of-coronavirus/" } ], "question": "What does it contain that is claimed to help coronovirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "zinc, as a micronutrient, is not peculiar to Ewedu alone, there are other leaves or food with zinc. So, Coronavirus disease cure is not just by the micronutrient, rather, it has to do with claims that have been scientifically proven. \n\nMiss Ugochukwu noted that other sources of zinc are meat, whole grains and nuts; adding that “Whatever nutrients you can find in ewedu can also be found in other foods; not that Ewedu has whatever special properties.”", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516165018/https://www.webmd.com/children/default.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.webmd.com/children/news/20020524/zinc-helps-kids-grow" } ], "question": "Is this special to Ewedu?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Icke spent the rest of the decade fleshing out his prophecies, becoming a one-stop global clearinghouse for any and all fringe theories, from UFOlogy to the Illuminati to Matrix-style media critique to Occupy Wall Street (about which he made a documentary after traveling to New York). His cosmology is voracious and wide-ranging, absorbing all conspiracy theories into a single, massive omni-theory.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512043121/https://nymag.com/news/features/conspiracy-theories/david-icke-sheeple/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://nymag.com/news/features/conspiracy-theories/david-icke-sheeple/" } ], "question": "Is David Icke a conspiracy theorist?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Experts have also concluded that there was no proof that mobile phone technologies could cause cancer or be harmful. “Health-related conclusions are drawn from studies performed across the entire radio spectrum but, so far, only a few studies have been carried out at the frequencies to be used by 5G.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/radiation-and-health/electromagnetic-fields-and-public-health" } ], "question": "Can viruses spread through new technologies?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel is a real-time RT-PCR\ntest intended for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2 in upper and lower\nrespiratory specimens (such as nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, lower respiratory tract\naspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage, and nasopharyngeal wash/aspirate or nasal aspirate) collected from\nindividuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512162134/https://www.fda.gov/media/134922/download", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/134922/download" } ], "question": "What is the RT-PCR test?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "They confirmed the rumour was fake with a tweet saying....\nThis is a fake website link in circulation under the Cadbury name promising free chocolates. Mondelēz International is not running any such promotion. We advise consumer caution before opening the link", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516165412/https://twitter.com/DairyMilkIn/status/1258625834140733441?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/DairyMilkIn/status/1258625834140733441?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "Did Cadbury's Chocolate Give away 500Free baskets of Cadbury Chocolate to celebrate its 196th Anniversary?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "An exosome is an extracellular vesicle which is a particle with a lipid bilayer and cytoplasmic contents that cannot replicate like a cell and an exosome is an EV, usually a small one, that is released from an internal compartment of the cell”", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516165649/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilq1Dnc1Aa8", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilq1Dnc1Aa8" } ], "question": "What is an exosome" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The exosomes is a sphere surrounded by a uniform membrane without the presence of spikes nor the shape of a crown but the coronavirus has “small peaks” (growths) formed by the protein “spike”, which gives it its characteristic crown shape", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516165649/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilq1Dnc1Aa8", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilq1Dnc1Aa8" } ], "question": "Are there differences in the microscopic images of both exosomes and the SARS-CoV-2" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Claim has been denied by a factchecking company who debunks misinformation regarding government schemes.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201003100829/https://twitter.com/pibfactcheck/status/1248277170801094656", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201003100829/https://twitter.com/pibfactcheck/status/1248277170801094656" } ], "question": "Has any official statement been made on the claim?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No the fifth-generation cellular network is not available in the city", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201201093402/http://www.cittadellaspezia.com/la-spezia/cronaca/a-fuoco-i-ripetitori-ma-il-5g-non-c-entra-nulla-309265.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201201093402/http://www.cittadellaspezia.com/la-spezia/cronaca/a-fuoco-i-ripetitori-ma-il-5g-non-c-entra-nulla-309265.aspx" } ], "question": "Are there 5g antennas La Spezia, Italy.?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Older technology:\n\nA part of the equipment burned in the suburbs of La Spezia is the responsibility of the telecommunications giant, among these are devices related to GSM, UMTS and LTE, 2G, 3G and 4G. Some WindTre devices linked to 3G and 4G traffic and voice-data were installed on the same pole.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201201093402/http://www.cittadellaspezia.com/la-spezia/cronaca/a-fuoco-i-ripetitori-ma-il-5g-non-c-entra-nulla-309265.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201201093402/http://www.cittadellaspezia.com/la-spezia/cronaca/a-fuoco-i-ripetitori-ma-il-5g-non-c-entra-nulla-309265.aspx" } ], "question": "What telecommunications equipment went on fire?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Viruses cannot travel on radio waves/mobile networks. COVID-19 is spreading in many countries that do not have 5G mobile networks", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524172740/https://factcheck.afp.com/covid-19-hoax-circulates-viral-outbreaks-are-linked-new-telecommunication-technologies", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://factcheck.afp.com/covid-19-hoax-circulates-viral-outbreaks-are-linked-new-telecommunication-technologies" } ], "question": "Did Covid-19 pandemic follow the deployment of 5G technology?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no evidence to suggest that past generations of wireless communication technologies caused viral outbreaks.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524172740/https://factcheck.afp.com/covid-19-hoax-circulates-viral-outbreaks-are-linked-new-telecommunication-technologies", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://factcheck.afp.com/covid-19-hoax-circulates-viral-outbreaks-are-linked-new-telecommunication-technologies" } ], "question": "Is there a link between the introduction of new technologies and global pandemics?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Is there evidence that suggests global pandemics are followed by new technologies" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "BustaTroll.org", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Where did the story originate?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "They are a satire news website.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" }, { "answer": "They are a satire news website and are thus unreliable", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What is known about BustaTroll.org?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The Congress member never faced removal", "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Was there ever a notion to remove Ilhan Omar from Congress?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "14 May 2018 Qatar\nOoredoo CEO Launches 5G at Ceremony in West Bay\n\nDoha, Qatar\n\nOoredoo has today announced that the company is the first operator in the world to launch a live 5G network on the 3.5GHz spectrum band.\n\nThe breakthrough announcement was made in an event attended by Ooredoo senior management at the Ooredoo Tower in West Bay. Attendees were also briefed on the first Ooredoo 5G site which was accomplished just days after Ooredoo’s new 5G Commercial Core Network was activated.\n\nOoredoo’s 5G network is the first commercially available 5G network in the world and is an important technological breakthrough for the telecommunications industry worldwide.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530142314/https://www.ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoo-first-in-the-world-to-launch-5g-commercial-network/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoo-first-in-the-world-to-launch-5g-commercial-network/" } ], "question": "When was 5G launched?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It was only commercially available in 33 countries.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.ph/HX825", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/HX825" } ], "question": "Was 5G available worldwide in 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Much more than 33.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.ph/eLCJF", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/eLCJF" } ], "question": "How many countries had been affected by Covid-19 in 2020?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Governor John Bel Edwards said during an interview that no one suggested the cancelation of the celebration as a result of the pandemic", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200923142748/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/2004/05/sotu.01.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200923142748/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/2004/05/sotu.01.html" } ], "question": "Who suggested the cancelation of Mardi Gras" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Mardi Gras is French for \"Fat Tuesday,\" also called Shrove Tuesday. It is the day before Ash Wednesday, which marks the start of Christian Lent season leading up to Easter. During Lent, many Christians fast, and the name Fat Tuesday refers to the last day of eating richer foods before the leaner days of Lent begin.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524173203/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/02/13/what-mardi-gras-most-famous-new-orleans-and-how-celebrated/332796002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/02/13/what-mardi-gras-most-famous-new-orleans-and-how-celebrated/332796002/" }, { "answer": "Mardi Gras is French for Fat Tuesday. It's also called Shrove Tuesday, Carnival Tuesday or Pancake Tuesday, depending on where the celebration is taking place.\n\nMardi Gras is synonymous with Carnival celebrations in New Orleans, Venice and Rio, but the day is marked in similarly festive fashion around the world in countries with large Roman Catholic populations.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524042832/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/mardi-gras-fat-tuesday-history/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/mardi-gras-fat-tuesday-history/index.html" } ], "question": "What is Mardi Gras?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Mardi Gras for the year 2020 is celebrated/ observed on Tuesday, February 25th.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524173353/https://www.calendardate.com/mardi_gras_2020.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.calendardate.com/mardi_gras_2020.htm" } ], "question": "When was Mardi Gras celebrated in 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "\"No red flags were given\" by the federal government. - New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell on why the city moved forward with Mardi Gras celebrations. \"If we were given clear direction we would not have had Mardi Gras and I would've been the leader to cancel it.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200423013927/https://twitter.com/cnnsitroom/status/1243318033352966150?lang=en", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200423013927/https://twitter.com/cnnsitroom/status/1243318033352966150?lang=en" } ], "question": "What did the New Orleans mayor say about whether or not Mardi Gras should be canceled because of the rise of COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "On Twitter, on February 24th, 2020, President Donald Trump tweeted, \"The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA. We are in contact with everyone and all relevant countries. CDC & World Health have been working hard and very smart. Stock Market starting to look very good to me!\"", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230513053319/https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1232058127740174339?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1232058127740174339?ref_src=twsrc^tfw" } ], "question": "What did President Donald Trump say regarding COVID-19 before the Mardi Gras celebrations?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "53", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210115142352/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200225-sitrep-36-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=2791b4e0_2", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210115142352/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200225-sitrep-36-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=2791b4e0_2" } ], "question": "How many COVID-19 cases were there by February 25, 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "We understand that this may be concerning, but based on what we know now, our assessment remains that the immediate risk to the American public is low. \n\nThe virus is not spreading widely across the community.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210116175534/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/t0130-novel-coronavirus-update-telebriefing.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210116175534/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/t0130-novel-coronavirus-update-telebriefing.html" } ], "question": "What did U.S. doctors say regarding the COVID-19 risk to the American public?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The panel reiterated that while this is a serious public health matter, the risk to the American public remains low at this time, and that the federal government will continue working in close coordination with state and local governments to keep it that way.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210206034022/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/02/09/representatives-of-coronavirus-task-force-brief-governors-at-nga.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210206034022/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/02/09/representatives-of-coronavirus-task-force-brief-governors-at-nga.html" } ], "question": "What did U.S. Health and Human Services department say regarding the COVID-19 risk to the American public in February 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "He's a professor at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, as the Joshua and Beth Friedman University Professor, and the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://chemistry.harvard.edu/people/charles-lieber" } ], "question": "Who is Dr Charles Lieber of Harvard University?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Dr. Charles Lieber was arrested and charged by criminal complaint with one count of making a materially false, fictitious and fraudulent statement.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230410164139/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/harvard-university-professor-and-two-chinese-nationals-charged-three-separate-china-related?fbclid=IwAR2rDUXk2OUGvSw4pDkUqnYMv71xJpVKiQisdZM_jzOLIsREtVy0nR0o0A0-", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/harvard-university-professor-and-two-chinese-nationals-charged-three-separate-china-related?fbclid=IwAR2rDUXk2OUGvSw4pDkUqnYMv71xJpVKiQisdZM_jzOLIsREtVy0nR0o0A0-" } ], "question": "Was Dr Charles Lieber arrested for manufacturing the novel coronavirus?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hydroxychloroquine prevents disease flares and damage accrual and facilitates the response to mycophenolate mofetil in those with renal involvement.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524173754/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1955128/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1955128/" } ], "question": "Is hydroxychloroquine used to treat lupus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Hydroxychloroquine, considered decades ago to be a relatively minor component in the overall treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is now considered an essential therapeutic element in this disease", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524173754/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1955128/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1955128/" } ], "question": "Is hydroxychloroquine for patients with lupus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Data to support the use of HCQ for COVID-19 are limited and inconclusive. The drugs have some in vitro activity against several viruses, including coronaviruses and influenza, but previous randomized trials in patients with influenza have been negative", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524173914/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7138336/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7138336/" } ], "question": "Do patients with Lupus who are already taking Hydroxychloroquine have protection against contracting covid 19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "At this time, the best available evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine is not effective in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19,", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524173950/https://www.lupus.org/advocate/state-action-on-hydroxychloroquine-and-chloroquine-access", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.lupus.org/advocate/state-action-on-hydroxychloroquine-and-chloroquine-access" } ], "question": "Is hydroxychloroquine a preventative based or treatment based when used to combat covid 19?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no record of Obama making any comment against vaccines in Africa. No such posts appear on any of his social media platforms. There is no media coverage of any such comments.\n\nOn his verified Twitter account, Obama has in fact urged people to follow scientific guidelines on preventing coronavirus infections.\nIn a tweet on March 4, 2020, he says: “Protect yourself and your community from coronavirus with common sense precautions: wash your hands, stay home when sick and listen to the @CDCgov and local health authorities. Save the masks for health care workers. Let’s stay calm, listen to the experts, and follow the science.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230315112754/https://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/1235246706817630208", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/1235246706817630208" } ], "question": "Has Barack Obama urged Africans not to accept vaccines from America and Europe ?." } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states in a fact sheet: “The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person… It may be possible that a person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes. This is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads, but we are still learning more about this virus.”", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118082322/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118082322/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html" } ], "question": "Can grocery shopping increase transmission of COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "In a statement posted on Facebook on April 4, 2020, the hospital said: “There is no such observed trend with our admitted COVID-19 (+) patients acquiring the illness from groceries.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174128/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphilippinegeneralhospitalofficial%2Fposts%2F3128768583821026", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/philippinegeneralhospitalofficial/posts/3128768583821026" } ], "question": "Did the Philippine General Hospital claim that there is a correlation between grocery shopping and COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "They said that there was no such correlation between their COVID-19 patients and grocery shopping", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174150/https://web.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.facebook.com%2Fphilippinegeneralhospitalofficial%2Fposts%2F3128768583821026", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.facebook.com/philippinegeneralhospitalofficial/posts/3128768583821026?_rdc=1&_rdr" } ], "question": "What did the Philippine General Hospital say about this claim" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Prevention Strategies in Alignment With the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\nBehavior\n\nWear a Mask: When in public settings or when around people outside of your household, wear a properly-fitting cloth face covering. Wash your hands before putting on your face covering, put it over your nose and mouth and secure it under your chin, and try to fit it snugly against the sides of your face. Make sure you can still breathe easily.\n\nHand washing: The most well-established way to prevent respiratory infections such as influenza and coronavirus is frequent and thorough hand washing with soap and water. Scrub your hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.\n\nHand sanitizer: Handwashing with soap and water is the best way to reduce germs, but if they are not available, alcohol-based hand sanitizers that contain at least 60% alcohol can help to reduce the spread of infection. Note: avoid any products containing triclosan, a known hormone-disrupting chemical.\n\nCovering your mouth and nose: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing; if your hands are not free or you don’t have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your sleeve, not your bare hands.\n\nNot touching your face: Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands, which can help provide the virus with a route of entry into the body. Since the average individual touches their face an average of 15 times per hour, remain vigilant!\n\nKeeping surfaces clean: Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, especially when someone is ill. Surfaces to consider include doorknobs, phones, computer keyboards, remotes, and other surfaces that are frequently touched in rooms such as the bathroom and kitchen.\nLifestyle\n\nStress reduction: Chronic stress can negatively alter immune system responses, making you more likely to get sick. Identify your personal stress reduction strategies and practice them regularly.\n\nSleep: Sleep has a big influence on immune function, so it is es", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414152057/https://www.ifm.org/news-insights/boosting-immunity-functional-medicine-tips-prevention-immunity-boosting-covid-19-coronavirus-outbreak/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ifm.org/news-insights/boosting-immunity-functional-medicine-tips-prevention-immunity-boosting-covid-19-coronavirus-outbreak/" } ], "question": "Can Lighting a Diya or candle kill Coronavirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "COVID-19 can be transmitted by people with the virus coughing or sneezing, releasing tiny contaminated droplets into the air, putting anyone within range in danger of inhaling them. These droplets can travel more than a metre from the infected person, allowing them to settle on any surfaces ready to be transferred to anyone that touches the surface.\n\nThe virus can live on some surfaces for several days. Data from the 2003 SARS outbreak, which was a similar illness to the latest coronavirus, showed the virus could contaminate plastered walls for up to a day and a half, plastic and stainless steel for 72 hours, and glass for 96 hours. So it’s likely the mobile phone, tablet or computer screen you are reading this on could harbour COVID-19 for up to four days, and be transferred to anyone touching the screen.\n\nAdopting good hygiene is one of the most effective weapons to slow or prevent the virus spreading. Here are six things you can do to protect yourself and others.\n\n\n1. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth\n\nOur hands touch door handles, keyboards, taps and numerous other surfaces, so the virus could easily be picked up this way. Rubbing tired eyes or touching your nose or mouth could transfer the virus from your hands into your body.\n\n2. Wash your hands regularly\n\nClean your hands thoroughly and often, using plenty of soap and water or an alcohol-based hand rub to kill any virus on your hands. Scrub for at least 20 seconds, making sure you clean fingers, thumbs and palms.\n\n\n\n3. Practise respiratory hygiene\n\n\nIf you cough or sneeze, use a tissue and throw it in the trash afterwards. If you don’t have a tissue, cough into the crook of your arm instead of using your hand. If possible, avoid coughing or sneezing near other people.\n\n4. Maintain social distancing\n\nBe aware of people around you and keep your distance from anyone coughing or sneezing. Stay at least 1 metre away to prevent inhaling the small liquid droplets sprayed by coughs and sneezes.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230510154912/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-health-virus-disease", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-health-virus-disease/" } ], "question": "How does burning candles eliminate corona" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "figures provided by South Korea’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea had conducted 348,582 tests as of March 24", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712105330/https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=&bid=0030", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712105330/https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=&bid=0030" } ], "question": "How many Covid 19 tests had south Korea done by march 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "317,347 tests completed or pending in the U.S. over the eight-day period of March 17 to 24", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210624163606/https://covidtracking.com/data/national", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210624163606/https://covidtracking.com/data/national" } ], "question": "How many covid 19 tests had the U.S carried out by march 2020?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The\nsample represents physicians registered with Sermo, a secure digital (online) platform\ndesigned for anonymous survey research and physician networking. The platform is\nexclusive to verified and licensed physicians.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210516211420/https://public-cdn.sermo.com/COVID-19-Real-Time-Barometer-Survey-Methodology.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210516211420/https://public-cdn.sermo.com/COVID-19-Real-Time-Barometer-Survey-Methodology.pdf" } ], "question": "Were the people in the claim real Doctors?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "37 per cent said it was the 'most effective therapy' for the virus.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210531210336/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8184259/Malaria-drug-hydroxychloroquine-effective-coronavirus-treatment-currently-available.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210531210336/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8184259/Malaria-drug-hydroxychloroquine-effective-coronavirus-treatment-currently-available.html" } ], "question": "Did a majority of 6,200 doctors from 30 nations say malaria drug hydroxychloroquine was most effective coronavirus treatment?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A number or percentage (50%+) equalling more than half of a total", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230408071107/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/majority", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/majority" } ], "question": "What is considered a Majority?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "On 3 April, the BBC published an interview with Dr Munaf. Dr Munaf told the BBC the PPE available to him and his colleagues was \"exceedingly poor\".", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174238/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-52109469", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-52109469" }, { "answer": "Dr Munaf also appeared on an episode of Panorama on 27 April entitled: \nHas the Government Failed the NHS?\n\nHas the government let down the health workers leading the fight against the coronavirus? Reporter Richard Bilton investigates the delays and mistakes that may have put the lives of NHS staff at risk.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230514142419/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000hr3y", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000hr3y" } ], "question": "Did any UK doctor speak out about PPE shortages?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Was Dr Munaf suspended after the interviews?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Cabinet secretary Rajiv Gauba commented -I’m surprised to see such reports, there is no such plan of extending the lockdown: Cabinet Secretary Rajiv Gauba on reports of extending #CoronavirusLockdown (file pic) pic.twitter.com/xYuoZkgM5e\n\n— ANI (@ANI) March 30, 2020", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174428/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1244468110117056518", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1244468110117056518/photo/1" } ], "question": "Did the Indian government have any comments on this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, Nothing found", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174522/https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1060132", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1060132" } ], "question": "Did WHO publish this lockdown procedure?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, there was a delay to imports after traces of the virus were detected in parts due for delivery in the coming days, but these were not imported.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210228034129/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/30/uks-attempt-ramp-coronavirus-testing-hindered-key-components/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210228034129/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/30/uks-attempt-ramp-coronavirus-testing-hindered-key-components/" } ], "question": "Has Britain imported COVID-19 testing kits that are contaminated with coronavirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no information regarding the source of the contaminated components.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210228034129/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/30/uks-attempt-ramp-coronavirus-testing-hindered-key-components/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210228034129/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/30/uks-attempt-ramp-coronavirus-testing-hindered-key-components/" } ], "question": "Did these components come from China?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Did Bill Withers leave money to Trump campaign in his will?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "the story was published by Bustatroll.org, which is a satirical website.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.ph/GewVM", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/GewVM" } ], "question": "Which website published this claim?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "U.S. Attorney Craig Carpenito announced. \nBaruch Feldheim, 43, was arrested by special agents of the FBI today\nFeldheim allegedly sold certain designated materials, including N95 respirators, to doctors and nurses at inflated prices", "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/3CWA-2KA2", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/3CWA-2KA2" } ], "question": "Has the video been said to be another scenario?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "abc news showed the video and published the mans details.\n\nProsecutors say 43-year-old Baruch Feldheim hoarded the supplies in order to take advantage of the COVID-19 crisis and was selling them to doctors and nurses at prices as much as 700% above market value.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230326013059/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/medical-supplies-seized-alleged-price-gouger-distributed-hospitals/story?id=69938363", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/medical-supplies-seized-alleged-price-gouger-distributed-hospitals/story?id=69938363" } ], "question": "Did any news channels show the video with details of who it is?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Image shows a policeman leaning over a priest with a stick", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20210125063421/https://www.patrika.com/rewa-news/police-beat-up-the-priest-worshiping-in-the-temple-5961547/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=wapp", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20210125063421/https://www.patrika.com/rewa-news/police-beat-up-the-priest-worshiping-in-the-temple-5961547/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=wapp" } ], "question": "Was a priest beaten by a police officer" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "reports confirm the priest was thrashed with a stick whilst on the ground, which is shown in a video.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125063421/https://www.patrika.com/rewa-news/police-beat-up-the-priest-worshiping-in-the-temple-5961547/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125063421/https://www.patrika.com/rewa-news/police-beat-up-the-priest-worshiping-in-the-temple-5961547/" } ], "question": "Was a hindu priest beaten by a police officer in a video on april 3rd 2020?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "No international rankings for countries based on their pandemic response can be found on their website.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524103921/https://www.who.int/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/" } ], "question": "Does WHO rank countries on their response to the pandemic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Where does Sri Lanka rank on their response to the pandemic?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Per the Posse Comitatus Act, military forces can provide civil support, but cannot become directly involved in law enforcement.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210513164645/https://www.northcom.mil/Newsroom/Fact-Sheets/Article-View/Article/563993/the-posse-comitatus-act/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210513164645/https://www.northcom.mil/Newsroom/Fact-Sheets/Article-View/Article/563993/the-posse-comitatus-act/" } ], "question": "Does US law allow the Pentagon to send out US military to handle non-military crimes?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The original claims came from a series of videos published by Timothy Charles Holmseth on April 1, 2020 and in an article in BeforeItsNews.com on April 9, 2020.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174650/https://timothycharlesholmseth.com/child-rescue-operation-unfolding-right-now-in-nyc/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://timothycharlesholmseth.com/child-rescue-operation-unfolding-right-now-in-nyc/" } ], "question": "Where was the claim that the U.S. military rescued over 35,000 malnourished, caged children out of U.S. tunnels published?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Beforeitsnews.com is described as:\nA website that hosts user-submitted content and regularly publishes false information and conspiracy theories, which does not maintain basic standards of accuracy and accountability.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210513164645/https://api.newsguardtech.com/DC4ACA858F73159B490493233E32266A1A6A468F85C67C6F956F78C0787897368909DBDEAE6DA05A97FEEF1A2CAA8B26E9D17E0DE0BCEB80", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210513164645/https://api.newsguardtech.com/DC4ACA858F73159B490493233E32266A1A6A468F85C67C6F956F78C0787897368909DBDEAE6DA05A97FEEF1A2CAA8B26E9D17E0DE0BCEB80" } ], "question": "How is the beforeitsnews.com described?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In 2019 Timothy Charles Holmseth became part of the Pentagon Pedophile Task Force. Timothy Holmseth is the only reporter authorized to report original content for the PPTF. There is ONE MAN between Timothy Holmseth and President Trump.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174650/https://timothycharlesholmseth.com/child-rescue-operation-unfolding-right-now-in-nyc/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://timothycharlesholmseth.com/child-rescue-operation-unfolding-right-now-in-nyc/" } ], "question": "The article in Beforeitsnews.com written by Timothy Charles Holmseth claimed that a group called the Pentagon Pedophile Task Force led the raids. to rescue over 35,000 malnourished, caged children out of U.S. tunnels. What is Holmseth's connection with the group?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Ayurveda, a natural system of medicine, originated in India more than 3,000 years ago. The term Ayurveda is derived from the Sanskrit words ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge). Thus, Ayurveda translates to knowledge of life. Based on the idea that disease is due to an imbalance or stress in a person's consciousness, Ayurveda encourages certain lifestyle interventions and natural therapies to regain a balance between the body, mind, spirit, and the environment.\n\nAyurveda treatment starts with an internal purification process, followed by a special diet, herbal remedies, massage therapy, yoga, and meditation.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230428194943/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/ayurveda", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/ayurveda#:~:text=Ayurveda%20treatment%20starts%20with%20an,primary%20basis%20of%20ayurvedic%20medicine." } ], "question": "What is Ayurveda?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A day after Union Minister of State for AYUSH Shripad Naik claimed that ayurvedic treatment helped UK’s Prince Charles to be cured of coronavirus, the Prince’s spokesperson on Friday rejected the claim and said that he had “followed the medical advice of the NHS in the UK”.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174759/https://indianexpress.com/article/coronavirus/uk-prince-charles-coronavirus-ayurvedic-medicine-6346204/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/coronavirus/uk-prince-charles-coronavirus-ayurvedic-medicine-6346204/" } ], "question": "How did Prince Charles' office respond to this claim?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Satirical Source Identification", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Many health experts believe that the new strain of coronavirus likely originated in bats or pangolins. The first transmission to humans was in Wuhan, China. Since then, the virus has mostly spread through person-to-person contact", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230331120527/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-causes", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-causes" } ], "question": "What is the source or origin of coronavirus" } ]

[ "Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No the Trump campaign taunted Twitter with manipulated audio of Biden calling virus a 'hoax'", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210224175253/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/490755-trump-campaign-taunts-twitter-with-manipulated-audio-of-biden-calling-virus", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210224175253/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/490755-trump-campaign-taunts-twitter-with-manipulated-audio-of-biden-calling-virus" } ], "question": "Did Joe Biden call coronavirus a hoax?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "46% disapproved and 43% approved.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200831114024/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-bloomberg/ny-mayor-bloombergs-approval-rating-falls-in-poll-idUSTRE51J5JK20090220", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200831114024/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-bloomberg/ny-mayor-bloombergs-approval-rating-falls-in-poll-idUSTRE51J5JK20090220" } ], "question": "How well did Michael Bloomberg do in the polls during the Nationwide economic crisis of 2009?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "71% disapproval rating.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200929094412/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/01/07/snow-response-batters-nyc-mayors-approval-rating/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200929094412/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/01/07/snow-response-batters-nyc-mayors-approval-rating/" } ], "question": "How well did Michael Bloomberg do in the polls following a snowstorm in 2011?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "57% approval rating.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220401060504/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/packages/html/nyregion/20020911_POLL/020911poll-results.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220401060504/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/packages/html/nyregion/20020911_POLL/020911poll-results.html" } ], "question": "How well did Michael Bloomberg do in the polls following the 9/11 attacks?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "86 percent of voters approved of his handling of Irene readiness, according to a Quinnipiac University poll.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200929094412/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/poll-hurricane-irene-whipped-mayor-bloomberg-approval-ratings-article-1.958165", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200929094412/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/poll-hurricane-irene-whipped-mayor-bloomberg-approval-ratings-article-1.958165" } ], "question": "How well did Michael Bloomberg do in the polls following hurricane irene?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "75 percent of New York City voters said Bloomberg had done an excellent or good job in responding to Hurricane Sandy", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160323104831/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/11/20/quinnipiac-poll-new-yorkers-give-pols-bloombergs-signer-high-sandy-grades/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160323104831/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/11/20/quinnipiac-poll-new-yorkers-give-pols-bloombergs-signer-high-sandy-grades/" } ], "question": "How well did Michael Bloomberg do in the polls following hurricane Sandy?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "2nd April 2020.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What is the date of this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "While South Korea has dramatically reduced its number of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases, the virus has not yet been fully eradicated. On April 7, 2020, it reported 47 new COVID-19 cases,\nbringing the total number of confirmed cases to 10,331", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118071752/https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118071752/https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030" } ], "question": "Had South Korea eradicated Coivid 19 by the 2nd April 2020?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Too much alcohol dulls more than your wits. It also weakens your immune system and could make you much more vulnerable to viruses, including HIV.\n\nTo see how alcohol affects resistance to infection, Gyongyi Szabo of the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester and colleagues exposed monocytes – white blood cells involved in the front-line defence against infection – to chemicals that mimic viruses and bacteria. Half of the cells were also soused in the levels of alcohol that a person might have in their blood after quaffing four or five alcoholic drinks daily for a week.\n\nAlcohol blunted the monocytes’ defences. When the over-the-limit cells were exposed to a virus mimic, they produced only a quarter as much of the virus-fighting signalling molecule called type-1 interferon as teetotal monocytes made.\n\n“Interferon is pivotal, the first response to any viral infection,” says Szabo. “There’s no viral elimination without it.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230325215334/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20983-too-much-booze-blunts-your-immune-system/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20983-too-much-booze-blunts-your-immune-system/" } ], "question": "Does Alcohol intake weakens the immune system ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Weakening the immune system is one of many negative effects heavy alcohol consumption has on the body. The mechanism is not fully understood and other factors such as age, gender, diet, state of general health may play a part.\n\nSome studies have shown that, in moderation, certain alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer can actually decrease inflammation in the body. But at the same time, other studies suggest that even moderate consumption can do damage.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174945/https://www.castlecraig.co.uk/castle-craig/alcohol-and-viral-immunity-heavy-drinking-may-increase-the-risk-of-covid-19/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://castlecraig.co.uk/castle-craig/alcohol-and-viral-immunity-heavy-drinking-may-increase-the-risk-of-covid-19" } ], "question": "What is the effect of Alcohol on the immune system ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Advanced knowledge into the complex multi-layered interactions of alcohol on the immune system has been exposed in a wide range of research papers over the past decade, concluding that excessive alcohol consumption and misuse can have serious long-term deleterious effects on the immune system. Additionally, a mother who exposes her developing fetus to alcohol puts the baby at risk for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and an impaired immune system that is more susceptible to disease. An adult who drinks to excess puts themselves at risk of contracting pneumonia, as well as a greater likelihood of acute respiratory stress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and slower recovery from infection, wound healing and trauma.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175118/https://blog.bioticsresearch.com/how-alcohol-affects-the-immune-system", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://blog.bioticsresearch.com/how-alcohol-affects-the-immune-system" } ], "question": "How does Alcohol impact the Immune System ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Are all viruses common colds gone bad?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Can all viruses be defeated with fruits, vegetables and a strong immune system?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no truth to any of her claims, all conspiracy theories that have been debunked.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What has the fact-checking website said about this claim?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175217/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32257431/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32257431/" } ], "question": "Is the coronavirus a fluke or a conspiracy" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Obama did not say this and regardless he is pro-vaccination, said Katie Hill, his spokeswoman.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210109082618/https://apnews.com/article/8741160155", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210109082618/https://apnews.com/article/8741160155" } ], "question": "What did Barack Obama’s spokesperson say when asked to confirm whether Obama had urged Africans not to accept vaccines from America and Europe?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Barack Obama tweeted: “With COVID cases surging worse than ever, getting vaccinated is one of the most important things we can do. But until the vaccine is widely available, socially distancing and wearing masks will actually save even more lives, and alleviate the pressure on healthcare workers.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175300/https://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/1341149075492794374", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/1341149075492794374" } ], "question": "What has Obama said about getting vaccinated against COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no record of the arrests on the ministry of home affairs website and a policeman has denied the claim.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201215222329/https://mha.gov.in/about-us/whos-who", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201215222329/https://mha.gov.in/about-us/whos-who" } ], "question": "Did 52 people get arrested for circulating misleading messages on whatsapp?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Covid-Organics is composed of 62% Artemisia and other medicinal plants with antiseptic properties, bronchial thinner used in the composition of traditional remedies for years.\n(Google Translate)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/politique/2020/04/29/imra-le-covid-organics-est-compose-de-62-dartemesia/" } ], "question": "What are the main ingredients of Covid-Organics?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Medicinal plants such as Artemisia annua are being considered as possible treatments for COVID-19 and should be tested for efficacy and adverse side effects.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230416193810/https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-supports-scientifically-proven-traditional-medicine", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-supports-scientifically-proven-traditional-medicine" } ], "question": "What does World Health Organisation (WHO) say about the use of Artemisia to treat COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam (Germany) will collaborate with ArtemiLife Inc., a US based company and medical researchers in Denmark and Germany to test Artemisia annua plant extract and artemisinin derivatives in laboratory cell studies against the novel coronavirus Sars-CoV-2.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175636/https://www.mpg.de/14663263/artemisia-annua-to-be-tested-against-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.mpg.de/14663263/artemisia-annua-to-be-tested-against-covid-19" } ], "question": "Has any testing of the use of Artemisia been carried out to treat COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Research conducted after the claim date:\n\nCan Artemisia herba-alba Be Useful for Managing COVID-19 and Comorbidities? {Molecules 2022, 27(2), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020492\nReceived: 17 November 2021 / Revised: 10 January 2022 / Accepted: 10 January 2022 / Published: 13 January 2022\n(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactivities and In Silico Study of Phytochemicals)}\n\nWe show that various phytochemicals of Artemisia herba-alba can be useful against COVID-19 (in silico)...there is no sufficient clinical research evidence based on these compounds for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, after the validation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in in vitro and in vivo research models, these potential bioactive phyto-compounds can prove to be an alternative therapeutic option for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. To conclude, this study connects how the ethnic usages of a given medicinal plant coupled with pharmacological activity reports and the in silico screening of its phytochemicals can lead to the better management of COVID-19, which is extremely important for dealing with COVID-19 and its associated comorbidities.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175758/https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/492/htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/492/htm" } ], "question": "Have any results been published on the testing?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "At the claim date, what published results are available to verify that artemisia can be used successfully to treat COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no evidence that 5G is harmful to people’s health", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321180855/https://radio-waves.orange.com/en/radio-networks-and-antennas/5g/facts-and-fiction-about-5g/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://radio-waves.orange.com/en/radio-networks-and-antennas/5g/facts-and-fiction-about-5g/" } ], "question": "Does radiation from cell phones and 5G towers kill people" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There have been around 96,000 reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and 3300 reported deaths to date (05/03/2020)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175841/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32166607/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32166607/" } ], "question": "How many people have died from the coronaviirus on or before April 2020" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "In mid-april 2020 it was confirmed that a number of flights would be privately chartered to bring in experienced farmworkers from Romania.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210509182002/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-52293061", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210509182002/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-52293061" } ], "question": "Are romanian workers being brought in to do seasonal British farm work?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "job site Totaljobs reported at the start of April that there had been an 83% increase in applications for agricultural roles in the past month", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041257/https://www.foodmanagement.today/record-number-of-people-apply-for-fruit-and-veg-grower-jobs/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041257/https://www.foodmanagement.today/record-number-of-people-apply-for-fruit-and-veg-grower-jobs/" } ], "question": "Was there huge interest from British people, in these jobs?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Country Land and Business association estimates that 80,000 agricultural workers will be needed by the industry this season. Others report a shortage closer to 90,000, although it is unclear where this figure comes from.\n\nThe Guardian reported in mid-April that 450 Romanian workers were expected to be brought in to help by one charter airline. This would still leave the vast majority of roles needing to be filled. \n\nThe same article quotes Concordia, a Brighton-based charity that recruits volunteers, as saying that despite high interest in paid roles, of the 35,000 applicants, only 5,500 had taken up interview offers.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041257/https://www.cla.org.uk/%E2%80%98uk-will-need-new-land-army-feed-nation-says-cla", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041257/https://www.cla.org.uk/%E2%80%98uk-will-need-new-land-army-feed-nation-says-cla" } ], "question": "Was there still a shortage of workers despite this?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "So, it seems that while there has been a marked interest from British people in the thousands of farm roles, some organisations involved say there have been some difficulties in matching people to suitable roles and contract lengths. The number of foreign workers flown in is a relatively small proportion of the total roles that need to be filled, and the firms say that these workers’ experience is necessary while less experienced British workers are trained up.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041257/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/15/romanian-fruit-pickers-flown-uk-crisis-farming-sector-coronavirus", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041257/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/15/romanian-fruit-pickers-flown-uk-crisis-farming-sector-coronavirus" } ], "question": "Are the Romanian workers filling the roles the British workers were applying for?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Quote from spokesperson from a produce grower who bought the Foreign workers over. \nIf everybody was brand new it would be very hard. These workers from Romania know about food safety. They will provide the platform while we train up the Brits.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210627010349/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8227101/Plane-carrying-150-fruit-veg-pickers-Romania-lands-Stansted.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210627010349/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8227101/Plane-carrying-150-fruit-veg-pickers-Romania-lands-Stansted.html" } ], "question": "Why are Romanian workers needed as well as British workers?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Air India did plane to provide nine charter flights in Indian cities to send stranded German nationals back home from India.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200501110027/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/air-india-plans-nine-charter-flights-in-indian-cities-to-send-stranded-german-nationals-back-home/article31199221.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200501110027/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/air-india-plans-nine-charter-flights-in-indian-cities-to-send-stranded-german-nationals-back-home/article31199221.ece" } ], "question": "has Air India ever evacuated Indians stranded in UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Indians whose visas were about to expire in the near future were stranded due to the inability to travel out of the UK due to restrictions imposed over the coronavirus pandemic.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200416005233/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-update-uk-extends-visa-of-stranded-indians-until-may-31/story-gTIbBdxtwR3lu45rY4pcqJ.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200416005233/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-update-uk-extends-visa-of-stranded-indians-until-may-31/story-gTIbBdxtwR3lu45rY4pcqJ.html" } ], "question": "Did Indians become stranded in the U.K?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The UK extended the visa's of stranded Indians until May 31", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200416005233/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-update-uk-extends-visa-of-stranded-indians-until-may-31/story-gTIbBdxtwR3lu45rY4pcqJ.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200416005233/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-update-uk-extends-visa-of-stranded-indians-until-may-31/story-gTIbBdxtwR3lu45rY4pcqJ.html" } ], "question": "Were Indians who were stranded in the UK due to Covid restrictions flown out by Air India?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Air India is planning to send German nationals stuck in Indian cities back home.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200420022102/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/air-india-plans-nine-charter-flights-in-indian-cities-to-send-stranded-german-nationals-back-home/article31199221.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200420022102/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/air-india-plans-nine-charter-flights-in-indian-cities-to-send-stranded-german-nationals-back-home/article31199221.ece" } ], "question": "what nation citizens do air idia want to take home" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Is there evidence available about contagion percentages between carriers and non-carriers of Covid wearing masks?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Wearing a high-quality mask along with vaccination, self-testing, and physical distancing, helps protect you and others by reducing the chance of spreading COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308204908/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/masks.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/masks.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprevent-getting-sick%2Fdiy-cloth-face-coverings.html" } ], "question": "Do masks help prevent contagion between carriers and non-carriers of covid?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Is the COVID-19 contagion probability between two people 70% if the carrier is not masked?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "What is the chance of COVID-19 infection between two people if one is masked and the other is not?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "What is the chance of COVID-19 infection between two people if they are both masked?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "For many years, scientists weren’t sure whether wearing a mask was effective at preventing the spread of viruses. However, recent studies suggest they can help.\n\nOne 2013 study looked at how masks could help people with the seasonal flu limit spreading it when they exhale droplets containing the virus. Overall, researchers found masks led to a more than threefold reduction in how much virus people sprayed into the air.\n\nAnother study, analyzing data from thousands of Japanese schoolchildren, found that “vaccination and wearing a mask reduced the likelihood of developing seasonal influenza.”\n\nImportantly, researchers also found that flu rates were lower when masks were paired with proper hand hygiene.\n\nIn other words, regular handwashing remains an essential tool in preventing the spread of viruses.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230309234532/https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/mask", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/mask#research" } ], "question": "Can the use of masks reduce the risk of infection?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Central government on 24 March, the day when the 21-day lockdown was announced, had stated that the Disaster Management Act, 2005 was being invoked to deal with COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175925/https://newsmeter.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/New-Project-1-6.webp", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://newsmeter.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/New-Project-1-6.webp" }, { "answer": "The Central government on 24 March, the day when the 21-day lockdown was announced, had stated that the Disaster Management Act, 2005 was being invoked to deal with COVID-19.\nHowever, there is no provision in the Act which states that no one apart from the government departments are allowed to update or share news related to COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175925/https://newsmeter.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/New-Project-1-6.webp", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://newsmeter.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/New-Project-1-6.webp" } ], "question": "What actions had India taken during the COVID-19 outbreak, at the time of this claim, april 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There is no provision to prevent the sharing of news about COVID-19", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175925/https://newsmeter.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/New-Project-1-6.webp", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://newsmeter.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/New-Project-1-6.webp" } ], "question": "Does this Act have a provision for preventing or sharing news related to COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "On 31 March, 2020 the Central government had approached the Supreme Court asking it to prevent media from printing, publishing, or telecasting any news on the pandemic without first ascertaining the facts with government authorities. But the Supreme Court had passed an order saying it did not intend to interfere with the free discussion about the pandemic but the media must refer to and publish the official versions of the developments.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201125022043/https://mib.gov.in/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201125022043/https://mib.gov.in/" } ], "question": "Did the Indian government make any orders to try and prevent media from printing, publishing, or telecasting any news on the pandemic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "there is NO such rule prohibiting citizens from sharing any news or updates about the pandemic. The news and updates, however, need to be confirmed by government officials.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201203094511/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/fake-news-alert-news-that-no-person-apart-from-govt-is-allowed-to-share-or-post-covid-19-updates-is-false-154767", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201203094511/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/fake-news-alert-news-that-no-person-apart-from-govt-is-allowed-to-share-or-post-covid-19-updates-is-false-154767" } ], "question": "Did this rule prohibit citizens from sharing any news or updates about the pandemic?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Buhari Did NOT Sack Kyari Amid COVID-19 Status", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Did The president of Nigeria dismiss his Chief of Staff because of his wellbeing challenge on the coronavirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, Buhari did not Sack Abba Kyari. Abba Kyari was tested +ve for Covid , but was not sacked. The Public Notice image circulated on WhatsApp was False.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524180558/https://twitter.com/dubawang/status/1247151930494853122", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/dubawang/status/1247151930494853122" } ], "question": "Did president of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari dismissed his Chief of Staff Abba Kyari’s due to his COVID-19 status ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Alexa doesn't blame the government for creating COVID-19", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210421130439/https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/verify/verify-no-alexa-doesnt-blame-the-government-for-creating-covid-19/507-96eefb85-e99a-4148-844c-c31dc2387dee", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210421130439/https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/verify/verify-no-alexa-doesnt-blame-the-government-for-creating-covid-19/507-96eefb85-e99a-4148-844c-c31dc2387dee" } ], "question": "Does Alexa say that the government planned the covid pandemic?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Indian Rupee", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524180615/https://moneyexchangerate.org/calculator/inr/-498", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://moneyexchangerate.org/calculator/inr/-498" } ], "question": "What is ₹ ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "jiofreecharge.xyz", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What website does this offer link to?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": ".xyz is a top-level domain name.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230404145948/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.xyz", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.xyz" } ], "question": "Is .xyz a valid domain name?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Failed to load", "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://aff.5-1-1.org/?utm_medium=5baf3455a146a327f25ba498380173195be72c64&utm_campaign=ez_ron&1=jiofreecharge-xyz&2=999shh&3=iisi&4=sjsj&5=sjsj&cid=" } ], "question": "Is jiofreecharge.xyz a valid site?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "BCG", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230406092120/https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/bacille-calmette-gu%C3%A9rin-(bcg)-vaccination-and-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/bacille-calmette-gu%C3%A9rin-%28bcg%29-vaccination-and-covid-19" } ], "question": "What vaccine is used for tuberculosis?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "WHO have said - There is no evidence that the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) protects people against infection with COVID-19 virus.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230406092120/https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/bacille-calmette-gu%C3%A9rin-(bcg)-vaccination-and-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/bacille-calmette-gu%C3%A9rin-%28bcg%29-vaccination-and-covid-19" } ], "question": "Is there any proof that the BCG vaccine offers protection against Covid-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The government of the Republic of Serbia decided to withdraw the decision on the allowed walk of pets for 20 minutes between 20.00 and 21.00, and people had to stay in their homes on Saturdays and Sundays, as well as weekdays, from 15.00 to 5.00.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181103/https://www.srbija.gov.rs/vest/en/152748/measures-of-self-isolation-ban-on-moving-extended-on-weekends.php", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.srbija.gov.rs/vest/en/152748/measures-of-self-isolation-ban-on-moving-extended-on-weekends.php" }, { "answer": "Serbia’s government made the decision to ban even a brief walk for people with dogs during an evening curfew to contain the spread of the new coronavirus.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181142/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/mar/29/dog-walking-ban-sparks-outrage-serbia/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/mar/29/dog-walking-ban-sparks-outrage-serbia/" } ], "question": "What were some of the stricter nationwide curfew measures the Republic of Serbia introduced to prevent the spread of COVID-19 on March 28, 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In Serbia, the #Covid19 curfew means we can’t walk our dogs for up to 14 hours at a time.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181342/https://twitter.com/DogSerbia/status/1244571353581314048?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/DogSerbia/status/1244571353581314048?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "As a result of the new stricter measures, how many hours did dogs have to wait between being allowed outdoors?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The\ndisease can spread from person to person through small droplets from\nthe nose or mouth which are spread when a person with COVID-19\ncoughs or exhales. These droplets land on objects and surfaces around\nthe person. Other people then catch COVID-19 by touching these\nobjects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. People\ncan also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in droplets from a person\nwith COVID-19 who coughs out or exhales droplets.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327024825/https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/FAQ.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/FAQ.pdf" } ], "question": "How is COVID-19 primarily spread?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Unless someone is coughing on you, or your clothing is in contact with a high-contact surface, it’s not so likely that the virus would remain on your clothes", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181419/https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/should-i-be-worried-about-covid-19-and-clothing-experts-say-it-depends-on-your-job-1.4865831", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/should-i-be-worried-about-covid-19-and-clothing-experts-say-it-depends-on-your-job-1.4865831" }, { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "If you work in a high risk environment, like at a hospital, and people are coughing on you, then clothing and shoes could transmit the virus.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181419/https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/should-i-be-worried-about-covid-19-and-clothing-experts-say-it-depends-on-your-job-1.4865831", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/should-i-be-worried-about-covid-19-and-clothing-experts-say-it-depends-on-your-job-1.4865831" } ], "question": "Can clothing, like shoes, transmit COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Centre for Food Safety, Hong Kong stated in March 2020 - Social platforms continue to spew lies that 2019 coronavirus disease can penetrate food spread.\nFYI: There are currently no reports of coronavirus infection in humans with food. - The Food Safety Center reminds citizens: Keep your hands clean, especially before and after food, as before and after food.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181547/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F311749558959951%2Fposts%2F1863909247077300%2F%3Fd%3Dn", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/311749558959951/posts/1863909247077300/?d=n" } ], "question": "What was the official advice at the time of the claim in Hong Kong related to COVID-19 when preparing fruit and vegatables?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The CFC stated - Currently there is no evidence to support transmission of COVID-19 associated with food. Before preparing or eating food, it is important to always wash your hands with soap and water for 20 seconds for general food safety. Throughout the day, wash your hands after blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing, or going to the bathroom.\n\nIt may be possible that a person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes, but this is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads. In general, because of poor survivability of these coronaviruses on surfaces, there is likely very low risk of spread from food products or packaging. You should always handle and prepare food safely, including keeping raw meat separate from other foods, refrigerating perishable foods, and cooking meat to the right temperature to kill harmful germs. See CDC’s Food Safety site for more information.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210227015848/https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/newsletter/food-safety-and-Coronavirus.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210227015848/https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/newsletter/food-safety-and-Coronavirus.html" } ], "question": "What detailed food saftey information was available at the time of the claim from official sources?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "PBNS got in touch with the Cabinet Secretary on this news article. \n\nThe Cabinet Secretary expressed surprise & said that there is no such plan of extending the lockdown.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181608/https://twitter.com/PBNS_India/status/1244464697790713858?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/PBNS_India/status/1244464697790713858?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "Did any news agencies research this claim and report on it?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes they were okay with restrictions are they understood movement during that time was a health risk", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118115157/https://news.yahoo.com/yahoo-news-you-gov-coronavirus-poll-most-americans-reject-antilockdown-protests-124259347.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118115157/https://news.yahoo.com/yahoo-news-you-gov-coronavirus-poll-most-americans-reject-antilockdown-protests-124259347.html" }, { "answer": "The margins aren’t close. Seventy-one percent of Americans — and 56 percent of Republicans — say they are more concerned about lifting the coronavirus restrictions too quickly than lifting them too slowly", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118115157/https://news.yahoo.com/yahoo-news-you-gov-coronavirus-poll-most-americans-reject-antilockdown-protests-124259347.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118115157/https://news.yahoo.com/yahoo-news-you-gov-coronavirus-poll-most-americans-reject-antilockdown-protests-124259347.html" } ], "question": "Were most Americans okay with movement restrictions during the pandemic" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "April 3 - 4, 2020 - 1000 US adult citizens\n81% thought that staying at home unless they have an essential reason for going out is the right decision.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515121130/https://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/athena/files/2020/04/07/5e8cfcd3c5b62459a9308880.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/athena/files/2020/04/07/5e8cfcd3c5b62459a9308880.pdf" }, { "answer": "April 13-15, 2020\nInterviews: 900 Registered Voters\nWhich worries you more about responding to the coronavirus and restrictions that require most Americans to\nshelter in place and only leave their homes for essential needs:\n58% U.S. will move too quickly in loosening restrictions", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181646/https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/6842659/200203-NBCWSJ-April-Poll-4-19-20-Release.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6842659/200203-NBCWSJ-April-Poll-4-19-20-Release.pdf" } ], "question": "Are 58 - 81% of Americans supportive of keeping current Cobid-19 restrictions in place?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to current evidence, COVID-19 virus is transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and\ncontact routes.1-6\n\nDroplet transmission occurs when a person is in in close contact (within 1 m) with someone who has respiratory\nsymptoms (e.g. coughing or sneezing,) and is therefore at risk of having his/her mucosae (mouth and nose) or\nconjunctiva (eyes) exposed to potentially infective respiratory droplets (which are generally considered to\nbe > 5-10 μm in diameter). Droplet transmission may also occur through fomites in the immediate environment\naround the infected person.7\n Therefore, transmission of the COVID-19 virus can occur by direct contact with\ninfected people and indirect contact with surfaces in the immediate environment or with objects used on the\ninfected person (e.g. stethoscope or thermometer)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181701/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331601/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci_Brief-Transmission_modes-2020.1-eng.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331601/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci_Brief-Transmission_modes-2020.1-eng.pdf" } ], "question": "How is COVID-19 transmitted between humans?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The latest guidelines from Chinese health authorities [23, 43] described three main transmission routes for the COVID-19: 1) droplets transmission, 2) contact transmission, and 3) aerosol transmission.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230510123507/https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x" } ], "question": "What is the main source of transmission for COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "This was refuted by a tweet from the official Twitter handle of Department of Public Relations, Government of Madhya Pradesh", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181739/https://twitter.com/JansamparkMP/status/1243802351313379330?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/JansamparkMP/status/1243802351313379330?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "Did Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan issue a shoot on sight order for people violating lockdown?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Deborah Simon donated more than $3 million to Democrats for Presidential Candidate: Joe Biden.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181806/https://www.businessinsider.com/ultra-wealthy-americans-funding-2020-elections-millionaires-politics-2019-11?r=US&IR=T", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.businessinsider.com/ultra-wealthy-americans-funding-2020-elections-millionaires-politics-2019-11?r=US&IR=T#6-deborah-simon-heiress-to-the-fortune-of-shopping-mall-developer-simon-property-group-has-donated-more-than-3-million-to-democrats-5" }, { "answer": "George Soros donated $6.3 million in support for the eventual Democratic nominee.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181806/https://www.businessinsider.com/ultra-wealthy-americans-funding-2020-elections-millionaires-politics-2019-11?r=US&IR=T", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.businessinsider.com/ultra-wealthy-americans-funding-2020-elections-millionaires-politics-2019-11?r=US&IR=T#4-while-george-soros-stopped-short-of-endorsing-a-presidential-candidate-he-did-give-thousands-to-the-several-state-chapters-of-the-democratic-party-7" } ], "question": "who were some of the biggest donors to Joe Biden during his 2020 democratic presidential campaign ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Antifa look to disrupt alt-right events and far-right speakers. They use a variety of tactics to do this – including shouting and chanting and forming human chains to block off right-wing demonstrators", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524181910/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/X56rQkDgd0qqB7R68t6t7C/seven-things-you-need-to-know-about-antifa", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/X56rQkDgd0qqB7R68t6t7C/seven-things-you-need-to-know-about-antifa" } ], "question": "What is 'ANTIFA'" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Numerous conspiracy theories allege, without evidence, that Soros backs the Antifa movement.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230410184245/https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2018/05/29/summer-stephan-blasts-soros-campaign-spending-on-da-race/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2018/05/29/summer-stephan-blasts-soros-campaign-spending-on-da-race/" } ], "question": "are there any reported links between George Soros and ANTIFA?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Is there any reports of Deborah Simon being linked to ANTIFA ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "A story on Ceango's site states Biden Accepts Campaign Donation From Antifa which is a story that is copied from ALLOD", "cached_source_url": "https://archive.ph/7pIPE#selection-201.0-201.6", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/7pIPE#selection-201.0-201.6" } ], "question": "Was Presidential candidate Joe Biden accused of receiving donations from anyone associated with ANTIFA" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "“Allod” is an acronym for “America’s Last Line of Defense,", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2019/11/26/news-literacy-lessons-students-show-troubling-lack-information-skills-plus-sacha-baron-cohen-speech/" } ], "question": "What is ALLOD?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "satire site run by the self-proclaimed “liberal troll” Christopher Blair", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524182249/https://newslit.org/educators/sift/the-sift-troubling-new-study-greatest-propaganda-machine-detecting-deepfakes/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://newslit.org/educators/sift/the-sift-troubling-new-study-greatest-propaganda-machine-detecting-deepfakes/" } ], "question": "IS ALLOD a trustworthy news source?" } ]

[ "Position Statement", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Channel22news", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524182430/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D937033703417515%26set%3Da.118660141921546%26type%3D3%26theater", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=937033703417515&set=a.118660141921546&type=3&theater" } ], "question": "Where was this claim published?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A website that allows users to create their own news stories for the purpose of pranks.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230522044148/https://channel22news.com/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://channel22news.com/" } ], "question": "What is Channel22news?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "While some western, traditional or home remedies may provide comfort and alleviate symptoms of mild COVID-19, there are no medicines that have been shown to prevent or cure the disease. WHO does not recommend self-medication with any medicines, including antibiotics, as a prevention or cure for COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524182722/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses" } ], "question": "What does the World Health Organisation recommend as a preventative or cure for COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Says KDU Hospital is open for all people – poor or rich and for all ethnic communities", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524182752/https://www.defence.lk/Article/view_article/1243", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.defence.lk/Article/view_article/1243" } ], "question": "What was the Ministry of Defense's statement during the pandemic and the use of its medical facilities" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The most important \nactive compounds are thymoquinone (30%-48%), \nthymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone, p-cymene (7%-\n15%), carvacrol (6%-12%), 4-terpineol (2%-7%), t-anethol \n(1%-4%), sesquiterpene longifolene (1%-8%) α-pinene and \nthymol", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210122040646/https://thecognate.com/nigella-sativa-every-disease-has-a-cure-decelerating-the-covid-19-pandemic/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210122040646/https://thecognate.com/nigella-sativa-every-disease-has-a-cure-decelerating-the-covid-19-pandemic/" } ], "question": "what are the active chemical components of Nigella Sativa" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A virus that was found to be a novel strain of influenza for which existing vaccines against seasonal flu provided little protection", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515103833/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" } ], "question": "What is H1N1?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "On April 26, 2009, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the \"Secretary\") first declared a public health emergency under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act,42 U.S.C. 247d, in response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230412095147/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/declaration-a-national-emergency-with-respect-2009-h1n1-influenza-pandemic-0", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/declaration-a-national-emergency-with-respect-2009-h1n1-influenza-pandemic-0" } ], "question": "what date did Barack Obama declare a health emergency in relation to H1N1 in the U.S?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The first two cases were discovered independently in the United States in April 2009", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515103833/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" } ], "question": "What date did the first recorded cases occur in the U.S from H1N1 in 2009?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "the first fatality from the outbreak was days later, on April 29", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210510232231/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/updates/042909.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210510232231/https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/updates/042909.htm" } ], "question": "How many deaths had occurred in the U.S from H1N1 by 26th April 2009" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious public\nhealth concern with high transmission rate affecting\nmillions of lives worldwide. NS is a potential antiviral\ntherapy for combating COVID-19 infection. Molecular\ndocking studies have indicated that nigellidine and\nα-hederin are major compounds in NS which have\ncapability to constrain COVID-19 infection. NS extract has\npotential to increase IL-8 levels and alter the expression of\nTRP genes during coronavirus infection. NS seed extracts\nalso has potential to block cytokine storm and oxidative\nstress produced during COVID-19 infection. These\nencouraging and supportive results provided an approach\nto further perform in vitro and in vivo research.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524182922/https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC8479716&blobtype=pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC8479716&blobtype=pdf" } ], "question": "What anti-covid properties does Nigella Sativa have?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Future clinical trials conducted using TQ will unravel how exactly we can use it in the current COVID-19 pandemic state.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524182952/https://thecognate.com/nigella-sativa-every-disease-has-a-cure-decelerating-the-covid-19-pandemic/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://thecognate.com/nigella-sativa-every-disease-has-a-cure-decelerating-the-covid-19-pandemic/" } ], "question": "Does there need to be more clinical trial of Nigella Sativa, before conclusions can be drawn?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The seeds have a compound in them that can \"constrain\" Covid-19, but clinical trials need to be done before this evidence can be proven", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201223063903/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642442", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201223063903/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642442" } ], "question": "Can Kalonji Seeds In Combination With Honey Cure COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "28/3/2020", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.ph/mVLwj", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/mVLwj" } ], "question": "When was this claim and image posted of the baby supposedly having a birth defect due to covid?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "2016 - It says the image was of a baby suffering from anencephaly - a serious birth defect", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419031222/https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/more-than-two-dozen-bizarre-child-born-in-this-town-915865.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/more-than-two-dozen-bizarre-child-born-in-this-town-915865.html" } ], "question": "When a search was done on the image, when was it found to be from?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Following the publication of the story, the CDC denied the report.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210803012352/https://www.rawstory.com/2020/03/cdc-to-recommend-all-americans-wear-protective-masks-in-everyday-life-report/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210803012352/https://www.rawstory.com/2020/03/cdc-to-recommend-all-americans-wear-protective-masks-in-everyday-life-report/" } ], "question": "Do the CDC Plan to recommend wearing masks as part of daily life?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Price range approved by ICMR is ₹740-1150 for RT-PCR and ₹528-795 for Rapid Test. No test has been procured at ₹4500.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200715074156/https://twitter.com/ICMRDELHI/status/1254618721231880192?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Other", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200715074156/https://twitter.com/ICMRDELHI/status/1254618721231880192?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "how much is the corona testing kits sold for?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A: While staying hydrated by drinking water is important for overall health, it does not prevent coronavirus infection.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230424182448/https://twitter.com/WHOPhilippines/status/1225961563594510337", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/WHOPhilippines/status/1225961563594510337" } ], "question": "Does drinking water wash prevent Covid-19 by washing it away ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "In 2016 the Government incorporated a provision under the IT Act of 2008, giving the Central government, or any of its officers specially authorised by it, to block the internet if necessary.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524183411/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/government-can-switch-off-your-internet-if-necessary/articleshow/7715432.cms?from=mdr", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/government-can-switch-off-your-internet-if-necessary/articleshow/7715432.cms?from=mdr" } ], "question": "Can the Indian Government shot down the internet?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Did the Indian Government shut down the internet to avoid panic during the pandemic?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "In general, the coloured side/the side\nwith folds facing downwards of the surgical mask should face outwards", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060533/https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/use_mask_properly.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060533/https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/use_mask_properly.pdf" } ], "question": "Does the coloured part of a surgical facemask need to face in towards the nose when worn?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "TheFauxy.com", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200918115251im_/http://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/5-1.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200918115251im_/http://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/5-1.png" } ], "question": "Where did the story originate?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The website has a disclaimer that says that describes the website as India’s Finest, Fastest and Fictitious News Source.\n\n(Satrical/Fake news)", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200918115251im_/http://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/4-1.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200918115251im_/http://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/4-1.png" } ], "question": "What is known about the fauxy.com website." } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "\"Basically, 5G will provide a wider pipeline and faster lanes,\" says Verizon spokesman Marc Tracey. By faster, think about speeds that are ten times faster than 4G LTE; you'll be able to download Lord of the Rings in seconds, and enjoy a live VR experience streamed to your headset from across the country with very little lag. 5G will also offer lower latency in network communications.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230507045816/https://www.wired.com/2017/02/what-is-5g-and-when-do-i-get-it/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.wired.com/2017/02/what-is-5g-and-when-do-i-get-it/" }, { "answer": "high-speed mobile internet connectivity technology.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524183958/https://blog.tmb.co.uk/5g-health-risks-fact-or-fiction", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://blog.tmb.co.uk/5g-health-risks-fact-or-fiction" } ], "question": "What is 5G?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Will there need to be more mobile towers built in the UK to support 5G?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Is 5G installation covering up a weapon deployment in the UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "radio frequency (RF) radiation microwaves", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524183958/https://blog.tmb.co.uk/5g-health-risks-fact-or-fiction", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://blog.tmb.co.uk/5g-health-risks-fact-or-fiction" } ], "question": "What does it use to transmit the internet connectivity?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "A microwave oven outputs radiation at a much higher level than a 5G phone or mast.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524183958/https://blog.tmb.co.uk/5g-health-risks-fact-or-fiction", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://blog.tmb.co.uk/5g-health-risks-fact-or-fiction" } ], "question": "Are the 5g radio frequency (RF) microwaves powerful enough to use as a weapon?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Dr David Robert Grimes to conclude \"There is no reputable evidence that mobile phones or wireless networks have caused us health problem.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524183958/https://blog.tmb.co.uk/5g-health-risks-fact-or-fiction", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://blog.tmb.co.uk/5g-health-risks-fact-or-fiction" } ], "question": "Could the 5g service that mobile phones use or 5g wireless networks cause health problems?" } ]