Datasets:

pminervini

/

averitec

like 0

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "He has used the word once in replying to a Tweet from Trump:\n\"Stop the xenophobic fear-mongering. Be honest. Take responsibility. Do your job.\"", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524184100/https://twitter.com/JoeBiden/status/1240361258957897728?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/JoeBiden/status/1240361258957897728?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "Has Biden specifically called Trump xenophobic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "31/01/2020", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When were the travel restrictions On people from China announced?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "His Tweet of 01/02/2020 said:\n\"We are in the midst of a crisis with the coronavirus. We need to lead the way with science — not Donald Trump’s record of hysteria, xenophobia, and fear-mongering. He is the worst possible person to lead our country through a global health emergency.\"", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524184135/https://twitter.com/JoeBiden/status/1223727977361338370?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/JoeBiden/status/1223727977361338370?s=20" } ], "question": "Did Biden respond to the announcement?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Cases reported by country.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524184244/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200314-sitrep-54-covid-19.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200314-sitrep-54-covid-19.pdf" } ], "question": "Are statistics available for coronavirus cases by religion?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Authorities in Pune have warned of penal action against those who reveal the identity of patients testing positive for coronavirus on social media platforms.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524184310/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/those-revealing-identity-of-covid-19-patients-to-face-action-812954.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.deccanherald.com/national/those-revealing-identity-of-covid-19-patients-to-face-action-812954.html" } ], "question": "Can the identity of Coronavirus victims be revealed in India?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "methylxanthines, which are found in tea as well as coffee and chocolate.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524184615/https://journals.scicell.org/index.php/NBC/article/view/518", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://journals.scicell.org/index.php/NBC/article/view/518" } ], "question": "What components of tea are claimed to cure COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Dr Li Wenliang, an eye specialist.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200408011549im_/https://thelogicalindian.com/h-upload/2020/03/26/170341-f1.PNG", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200408011549im_/https://thelogicalindian.com/h-upload/2020/03/26/170341-f1.PNG" } ], "question": "Which doctor is supposedly claiming that tea can cure covid-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No such news could be found on the CNN website nor in their Twitter handle for breaking news.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Was Dr Li Wenliang researching the effect of tea on coronovirus?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The claim was published on Facebook on March 26, 2020.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What is the date of this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Statistics on 26/03/2020:\n\nChina\nTotal confirmed cases 81961\nTotal confirmed new cases\n113\nTotal deaths\n3293\nTotal new deaths 6", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314171353/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2" } ], "question": "What COVID-19 statistics for China were recorded on 26/03/2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Statistics on 26/03/2020:\n\nJapan\nTotal confirmed cases\n1291\nTotal confirmed new cases\n98\nTotal deaths \n45\nTotal new deaths 2", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314171353/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2" } ], "question": "What COVID-19 statistics for Japan were recorded on 26/03/2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "This bill provides $8.3 billion in emergency funding for federal agencies to respond to the coronavirus outbreak.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/Q4TN-Y32P", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Q4TN-Y32P" } ], "question": "What is the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The bill passed.\n415 YEAS -2 NAYS.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210201144806/https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2020/roll086.xml", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210201144806/https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2020/roll086.xml" } ], "question": "What was the outcome of the proposed Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act in the House of Representatives?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Republican", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210201144806/https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2020/roll086.xml", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210201144806/https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2020/roll086.xml" } ], "question": "Which party did the two lawmakers who voted against the Act belong to?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "This account is not managed by Extinction Rebellion UK or Extinction Rebellion East Midlands, and these messages are in no way a representation of the principles and values held by the movement and so are not the movement. We are investigating this now.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524184705/https://twitter.com/ExtinctionR/status/1242789939617714178", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/ExtinctionR/status/1242789939617714178" } ], "question": "Have extinction rebellion commented on this flyer and the account it was posted from ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes but a year after the charges were reduced and the accused had no jail time already imposed.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210518151138/https://wcca.wicourts.gov/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210518151138/https://wcca.wicourts.gov/" } ], "question": "Was Karofsky involved in this case?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "only 17 states — not 19 — had fewer than 200 cases as of March 26, when Birx made her remarks.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712194932/https://cdn.factcheck.org/UploadedFiles/states-covid-191.jpg", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712194932/https://cdn.factcheck.org/UploadedFiles/states-covid-191.jpg" } ], "question": "Which states had fewer than 200 COVID_19 cases at the time of this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "those 17 states have a combined population of 23,719,483, or just 7.2% of the total U.S. population of 328,239,523, according to 2019 population estimates by the Census Bureau.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712194939/https://cdn.factcheck.org/UploadedFiles/states-covid-19.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712194939/https://cdn.factcheck.org/UploadedFiles/states-covid-19.png" } ], "question": "What is the combined population of these states?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The numerical proportion of states - their combined population is only 7.2% of the US. So the figure is very misleading.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230326033245/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2010-2019/state/totals/nst-est2019-01.xlsx?", "source_medium": "Other", "source_url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2010-2019/state/totals/nst-est2019-01.xlsx" } ], "question": "Did the 40% of the country refer to population or numerical proportion of states?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The clip shows a baby born in the North Sulawesi province with a mouth of an adult, edited to show it was talking and instructing people to “eat boiled eggs before midnight” to protect themselves from COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.is/aZAiX", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://archive.is/aZAiX" } ], "question": "Did a newborn baby suddenly speak and instructed people to eat boiled eggs amid the ongoing pandemic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Mama Eggs Mama Eggs, don't forget at 12:00 midnight, mama, boiled eggs, don't forget, mama, boiled eggs, don't forget one person one mom", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200901205643/https://www.liputan6.com/cek-fakta/read/4211867/cek-fakta-hoaks-video-bayi-bicara-soal-telur-rebus-penangkal-corona-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200901205643/https://www.liputan6.com/cek-fakta/read/4211867/cek-fakta-hoaks-video-bayi-bicara-soal-telur-rebus-penangkal-corona-covid-19" } ], "question": "What did the baby say in the video" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Video of a baby talking about how boiled eggs can ward off the new corona virus that triggers the COVID-19 outbreak is confirmed to be a hoax. There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that eggs can ward off COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200901205643/https://www.liputan6.com/cek-fakta/read/4211867/cek-fakta-hoaks-video-bayi-bicara-soal-telur-rebus-penangkal-corona-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200901205643/https://www.liputan6.com/cek-fakta/read/4211867/cek-fakta-hoaks-video-bayi-bicara-soal-telur-rebus-penangkal-corona-covid-19" } ], "question": "Is there any scientific evidence to back the claim" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Netflix have previously offered 30 day free trials but this offer is no longer active.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524143637/https://www.netflix.com/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.netflix.com/" }, { "answer": "No.Netflix have previously offered 30 day free trials but this offer is no longer active.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524143637/https://www.netflix.com/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.netflix.com/" } ], "question": "Did Netflix offer a free account for anyone in March 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Can Crabs carry the novel Coronavirus" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Can crustaceans carry the novel coronavirus" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "More than 30 viruses have been reported in crabs, including those related to the known virus families Reoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Roniviridae and a group of Bacilliform enveloped nuclear viruses", "cached_source_url": "www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19" } ], "question": "Do crabs suffer viral infections" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The World Health Organisation does not list any on their website saying that there is no evident that current medicine can cure or prevent the disease.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220724202805im_/http://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Screenshot-2020-04-15-at-12.02.19.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220724202805im_/http://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Screenshot-2020-04-15-at-12.02.19.png" } ], "question": "Is there a known cure for Covid-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "COVID-19 is the disease caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125134911/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125134911/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19" } ], "question": "Is the microorganism which causes COVID-19 a bacteria and not a virus?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Not all of them.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/JarrettDement/status/1244620795491606528" } ], "question": "Do Duey Stroebels Children live with him?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes, All public and private gatherings of any number\nof people that are not part of a single household or living unit are\nprohibited", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200926050332/https://evers.wi.gov/Documents/COVID19/EMO12-SaferAtHome.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200926050332/https://evers.wi.gov/Documents/COVID19/EMO12-SaferAtHome.pdf" } ], "question": "Does EMERGENCY ORDER #12\nSAFER AT HOME ORDER prohibit meeting other house holds?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "A search on the CNN website for ‘Dr Li Wenliang tea’ did not find any results.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524185226/https://edition.cnn.com/search?q=Dr+Li+Wenliang+tea&from=0&size=10&page=1&sort=newest&types=all&section=", "source_medium": "Other", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/search?q=Dr+Li+Wenliang+tea&from=0&size=10&page=1&sort=newest&types=all&section=" } ], "question": "Does the official CNN website have a news story that states Dr Li Wenliang claims that tea can cure COVID-19 patients?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Apart from suspect, probable, or confirmed COVID-19 cases, autopsies might be requested for patients not suspected to be SARS-Cov2 positive. Due to the high level of contagion in hospitals and in the general population, any corpse is regarded as potential source of infection. Therefore, for any autopsy, we recommend always to adopt the same biosafety measures as for confirmed COVID-19 cases. In addition, in cases of autopsies without apparent SARS-CoV-2 infection, we recommend (i) to discuss with the clinicians the reason why the post-mortem examination is requested; (ii) and if available, to perform nasal-oropharyngeal swabs on corpses within 2 h of death to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection to implement the safety measures [3].", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230317161330/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7190281/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7190281/#CR6" } ], "question": "Did Italy disagree with WHO autopsies instruction on COVID-19 casualties." }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The guidelines did not say that autopsies should not be conducted.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125165843/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331538/WHO-COVID-19-lPC_DBMgmt-2020.1-eng.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125165843/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331538/WHO-COVID-19-lPC_DBMgmt-2020.1-eng.pdf" } ], "question": "Did the WHO release guidelines to countries about preforming no autopsies for COVID-19 casualties?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Li Wenliang (李文亮), MD, was an ophthalmologist in Wuhan, China, who warned several of his colleagues about the appearance of a new SARS-like virus in December 2019, at the very beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230302193752/https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(22)00327-5/fulltext", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(22)00327-5/fulltext" } ], "question": "Who is Dr Li Wenliang?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "This false claim - shared on social media - refers to the Chinese doctor Li Wenliang, who was hailed a hero for his efforts to raise the alarm about the virus early on in Wuhan, and who later died of the disease.\n\nIt claims that in his case files, the doctor had documented evidence that substances commonly found in tea - known as methylxanthines - can decrease the impact of the virus.\n\nThe widely shared post also falsely claimed that hospitals in China were giving Covid-19 patients tea three times a day. It's true that methylxanthines are found in tea, as well as in coffee and chocolate.\n\nBut there's no evidence Dr Li Wenliang was researching their effect - he was an eye specialist, rather than an expert on viruses - nor that hospitals in China were treating Covid-19 by giving patients tea.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524185349/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-51910099", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-51910099" } ], "question": "Is there any evidence that Dr Li Wenliang suggested that drinking tea can cure COVID-19 patients?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It is a fake news.\nWe checked out the CNN website, but could not find any such news. We searched their Twitter handle for breaking news, but no such thing was reported.\nWe found a report about China's whistleblower doctor on CNN but that article too does not talk about the medication he suggested nor does it talk about the utility of the chemical compounds of tea as claimed by social media users.\nHere's CNN Breaking News's Twitter handle.\nOn Google search too, we found no reports that support the claim. Also, there are no reports that doctors in China are serving tea to Covid-19 patients.\nWe found a news report by China Daily related to this topic.\nAccording to this report, researchers from the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention found through experiments that because of its chemical components, drinking tea could help prevent novel coronavirus infections.\nBut later the article was removed by the Zhejiang CDC on February 26, China Daily reported.\nOn checking FDA website it is found that tea is among the fraudelent product to cure Covid-19", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230511163307/https://www.fda.gov/consumers/health-fraud-scams/fraudulent-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-products", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/health-fraud-scams/fraudulent-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-products" } ], "question": "Can Covid-19 be cured by drinking tea as claimed by China's Dr Li Wenliang ?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "1.2 million", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041318/https://fullfact.org/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041318/https://fullfact.org/" } ], "question": "What was the recent estimate of illegal Immigrants?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Office for National Statistics", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041318/https://fullfact.org/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616041318/https://fullfact.org/" } ], "question": "Who estimates the number of immigrants?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "But until a proven treatment and vaccine are available to fight this pandemic, doctors and researchers will keep working at a fevered pitch.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524185514/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scientists-rush-to-develop-novel-coronavirus-vaccine-60-minutes-2020-03-22/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scientists-rush-to-develop-novel-coronavirus-vaccine-60-minutes-2020-03-22/" }, { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Scientists tell 60 Minutes it will likely be more than a year before a vaccine to prevent COVID-19 is rolled out to the public. And there is no way to speed up the process.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524185627/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/inside-the-race-for-a-vaccine-to-prevent-coronavirus-covid-19-60-minutes-2020-03-22/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/inside-the-race-for-a-vaccine-to-prevent-coronavirus-covid-19-60-minutes-2020-03-22/" } ], "question": "Was a Covid-19 vaccine available in March 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "On February 29, 2020, the The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and public health officials in the state of Washington have reported three hospitalized patients who have tested presumptive-positive for the virus that causes COVID-19, including one patient who died.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210801024125/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/s0229-COVID-19-first-death.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210801024125/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/s0229-COVID-19-first-death.html" } ], "question": "When was the first death recorded in the US as a result of COVID-19" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "On March 13, COVID-19 was declared a national emergency after 40 people had died", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719171525/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/coronavirus-live-updates-drastic-measures-issued-globally-pandemic/story?id=69551458", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719171525/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/coronavirus-live-updates-drastic-measures-issued-globally-pandemic/story?id=69551458" } ], "question": "When did Trump declare COVID-19 a national emergency" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "People with pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at greater risk for severe disease such as novel coronavirus, the WHO", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210121020845/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200401-sitrep-72-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3dd8971b_2", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210121020845/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200401-sitrep-72-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3dd8971b_2" } ], "question": "Are people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Asthma more at risk from the novel cornovirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There are no rescue packs available, unless previously prescribed. The World health organisation advised good hygiene and social distancing.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201103095505/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_8", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201103095505/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_8" } ], "question": "Are their COVID rescue packs for those who have pre-existing respiratory illnesses such as asthma or asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Dr Ramesh Gupta mentions the common cold is caused by different types of viruses, with 75 percent of rhinoviruses including coronavirus - however he does not mention the strain of COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.booksguru.in/ramesh-gupta-zoology-book-pdf-download/" }, { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Dr Ramesh Gupta mentions the common cold is caused by different types of viruses, with 75 percent of rhinoviruses including coronavirus - however he does not mention the strain of COVID-19.", "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.booksguru.in/ramesh-gupta-zoology-book-pdf-download/" } ], "question": "Does Dr Ramesh Gupta speak about Covid-19 in his zoology book?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Dr Ramesh Gupta mentions Aspirin, anti-histamine and nasal spray are beneficial for the treatment of the common cold not COVID-19.", "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.booksguru.in/ramesh-gupta-zoology-book-pdf-download/" } ], "question": "Does Dr Ramesh Gupta speak about COVID-19 treatment in his zoology book?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "To date, there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral medicine to prevent or treat COVID-2019.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524190154/https://www.who.int/china/news/feature-stories/detail/covid-19-what-we-know-about-the-future-covid-19-vaccines", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/china/news/feature-stories/detail/covid-19-what-we-know-about-the-future-covid-19-vaccines" } ], "question": "Is there a current cure for COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Stéphane Gerson, professor of French studies and history at New York University said Nostradamus's Prophecies and other prognostications mention only Plagues.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201231093841/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-coronavirus-nostradamus/false-claim-nostradamus-predicted-the-coronavirus-outbreak-idUSKCN21R388", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201231093841/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-coronavirus-nostradamus/false-claim-nostradamus-predicted-the-coronavirus-outbreak-idUSKCN21R388" } ], "question": "Does French astrologer Nostradamus mention 'Coronavirus' in his book “Les Prophéties”" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "CDC recommends that people wear masks in public settings, at events and gatherings, and anywhere they will be around other people", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712115134/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712115134/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html" } ], "question": "What did the U.S Centers for Disease control and prevention have to say about mask wearing?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Neem leaves are medium to large in size and elongated to oblong in shape, averaging 20-40 centimeters in length. The vibrant green leaves are smooth and glossy with sharp, serrated edges. Neem leaves grow on the branches of neem trees in groups of two, and each branch produces around eight groupings. Neem leaves are extremely bitter and have a grassy taste and aroma when torn. Neem trees also grow white, fragrant flowers and yellow, olive-like fruit that has a bittersweet pulp.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524190222/https://specialtyproduce.com/produce/Neem_Leaves_15800.php", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://specialtyproduce.com/produce/Neem_Leaves_15800.php" } ], "question": "What are neem leaves?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "the best-established and most widely recognized uses are based on its merits as a general antiseptic. Neem preparations are reportedly efficacious against a variety of skin diseases, septic sores, and infected burns. The leaves, applied in the form of poultices or decoctions, are also recommended for boils, ulcers, and eczema.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524190256/https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/1924/chapter/8", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/1924/chapter/8" } ], "question": "Do neem leaves offer any medicinal properties?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The attached Malay-language infographic translates to English as:\n“The usage of neem leaves for COVID-19 outbreak\n\n“Myths \n- Traditionally, neem leaves are used for various fever and infections; \n- Can be used on humans to treat COVID-19 outbreak; \n- Can stimulate immune cells or the body’s self-defense; \n- No side effects and safe for usage.\n\n“Facts \n- No clear record on required dosage; \n- For now, there are only studies on cells (in vitro) and animals (in vivo) that have been carried on the hepatitis C virus, dengue and polio. There is no study on the coronavirus that causes COVID-19;\n- No studies on the effectiveness on the human’s immune system except study on cells (in-vitro) that focuses on the bacteria and not virus;\n- Safety data concerning all parts of the plant shows: \nAdults: May be safe if taken in a short period of time and in low dosage quantity; \nChildren: Not safe because can cause seizures, vomiting, coma, loss of consciousness and can cause death;\nPregnant women: Can cause miscarriage”.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210411002201im_/https://factcheck.afp.com/sites/default/files/styles/list_l/public/medias/factchecking/malaysia/2020-04-09_14h39_41.png?itok=JGx8tdP4", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210411002201im_/https://factcheck.afp.com/sites/default/files/styles/list_l/public/medias/factchecking/malaysia/2020-04-09_14h39_41.png?itok=JGx8tdP4" } ], "question": "Do neem leaves offer any uses in the treatment or cure of Covid 19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, that's not true: The story is a hoax from a satirical website that features \"death hoaxes for your thoughts and prayers.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524190415/https://www.poynter.org/?ifcn_misinformation=tom-hanks-died-confessed-admiration-for-trump", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.poynter.org/?ifcn_misinformation=tom-hanks-died-confessed-admiration-for-trump" } ], "question": "Did Tom Hanks pass away while confessing admiration for Trump ?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The book does mention Coronavirus.", "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ETszj7cUcAEG9vA?format=jpg&name=900x900" } ], "question": "Does the book The book titled Modern Zoology is authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta mention coronavirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230522124825/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus" } ], "question": "Is Covid the only coronavirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is a clear rationale for believing that it might be beneficial and it is safe,", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230323132203/https://www.recoverytrial.net/news/aspirin-to-be-investigated-as-a-possible-treatment-for-covid-19-in-the-recovery-trial", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.recoverytrial.net/news/aspirin-to-be-investigated-as-a-possible-treatment-for-covid-19-in-the-recovery-trial" } ], "question": "Could the coronavirus that causes Covid be cured (at time of claim) with aspirin?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A cure is when a treatment makes a health problem go away permantly.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191312/https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/curable.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/curable.html#:~:text=A%20treatment%20is%20something%20that,health%20problems%20have%20a%20cure." } ], "question": "Is treatment the same as a cure?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, The section in question described the common cold and not the novel coronavirus, as claimed in the WhatsApp forward.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191425/https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/up-textbook-meds-for-cold-end-up-as-covid-19-cure-at-whatsapp-university-69972", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/up-textbook-meds-for-cold-end-up-as-covid-19-cure-at-whatsapp-university-69972" } ], "question": "Did zoology book authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta speaks of COVID-19 and Coronavirus can be cured with aspirin, antihistamines and nasal spray ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "the book mentions common colds that are caused by rhinovirus or coronavirus but does not mention covid-19.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191544/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpermalink.php%3Fstory_fbid%3D2564425570486464%26id%3D100007571376561", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2564425570486464&id=100007571376561" } ], "question": "What does the zoology book authored by Dr Ramesh Gupta say about COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "covid-19 is a newly discovered strain of coronavirus.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125043757/https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125043757/https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1" } ], "question": "is covid-19 a new virus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Though there were trial drugs there is no cure for covid-19 yet. and even those that self-medicated on chloroquine died", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210124220426/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/23/health/arizona-coronavirus-chloroquine-death/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210124220426/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/23/health/arizona-coronavirus-chloroquine-death/index.html" } ], "question": "is there any cure for covid-19" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes, When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets or tiny particles called aerosols carry the virus into the air from their nose or mouth. Anyone who is within 6 feet of that person can breathe it into their lungs. Airborne transmission. Research shows that the virus can live in the air for up to 3 hours.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201228210940/https://covid19.nj.gov/faqs/coronavirus-information/about-the-virus/is-the-coronavirus-airborne", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201228210940/https://covid19.nj.gov/faqs/coronavirus-information/about-the-virus/is-the-coronavirus-airborne" }, { "answer": "Yes,", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201228210940/https://covid19.nj.gov/faqs/coronavirus-information/about-the-virus/is-the-coronavirus-airborne", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201228210940/https://covid19.nj.gov/faqs/coronavirus-information/about-the-virus/is-the-coronavirus-airborne" } ], "question": "Is Corona virus an \"airbourne\" Virus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Upto 3 hours.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201228210940/https://covid19.nj.gov/faqs/coronavirus-information/about-the-virus/is-the-coronavirus-airborne", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201228210940/https://covid19.nj.gov/faqs/coronavirus-information/about-the-virus/is-the-coronavirus-airborne" }, { "answer": "Up to 3 hours.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201228210940/https://covid19.nj.gov/faqs/coronavirus-information/about-the-virus/is-the-coronavirus-airborne", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201228210940/https://covid19.nj.gov/faqs/coronavirus-information/about-the-virus/is-the-coronavirus-airborne" } ], "question": "How long does corona virus last in the air?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes it can be caught by touching infected surfaces.\n\nSARS-CoV-2 was more stable on plastic and stainless steel than on copper and cardboard, and viable virus was detected up to 72 hours after application to these surfaces (Figure 1A), although the virus titer was greatly reduced (from 103.7 to 100.6 TCID50 per milliliter of medium after 72 hours on plastic and from 103.7 to 100.6 TCID50 per milliliter after 48 hours on stainless steel). The stability kinetics of SARS-CoV-1 were similar (from 103.4 to 100.7 TCID50 per milliliter after 72 hours on plastic and from 103.6 to 100.6 TCID50 per milliliter after 48 hours on stainless steel). On copper, no viable SARS-CoV-2 was measured after 4 hours and no viable SARS-CoV-1 was measured after 8 hours. On cardboard, no viable SARS-CoV-2 was measured after 24 hours and no viable SARS-CoV-1 was measured after 8 hours (Figure 1A).", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230424130554/https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmc2004973", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2004973" } ], "question": "Can Corona virus be caught in any other ways than being airbourne?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "\"This chart shows a view of problem reports submitted in the past 24 hours compared to the typical volume of reports by time of day.\" The implication is that availability is expected 24 hours a day.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314184345/https://downdetector.in/status/playstation-network/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://downdetector.in/status/playstation-network/" } ], "question": "Can I play games on the Playstation network at any time of day?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "\"You can see if the servers are out or having issues thanks to status reports below\" Implies that servers should be up at any time.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230323010917/https://www.product-reviews.net/down/xbox-live-status/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.product-reviews.net/down/xbox-live-status/" } ], "question": "Can I play online Xbox games at any time of day?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "This is not true. Microsoft and Sony haven’t announced these measures.\nInfact there has been a large increase in players in coronavirus lockdown.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200602022852/https://venturebeat.com/2020/03/12/xbox-live-is-down-as-people-huddle-at-home-away-from-coronavirus/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200602022852/https://venturebeat.com/2020/03/12/xbox-live-is-down-as-people-huddle-at-home-away-from-coronavirus/" } ], "question": "Did Microsoft and Sony shut down their gaming servers during UK school hours from march 23 ,2020 ?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no evidence that shows that Joe Biden utter such words. ''people are dying that have never died before''", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" }, { "answer": "There is no evidence that Joe Biden said this on Twitter.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210128122752/https://twitter.com/search?q=peoplearedying(from:JoeBiden)until:2020-03-30since:2020-03-01&src=typed_query", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210128122752/https://twitter.com/search?q=peoplearedying(from:JoeBiden)until:2020-03-30since:2020-03-01&src=typed_query" } ], "question": "Did Joe Biden referred to the novel Coronavirus pandemic as a time when \"people are dying that have never died before ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, Trump didn’t say ‘people are dying today that have never died before’", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191626/https://www.dailydot.com/debug/trump-twitter-coronavirus/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.dailydot.com/debug/trump-twitter-coronavirus/" } ], "question": "Did Trump or Joe Biden say '‘people are dying who have never died before’' ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The quote could be traced back to an Ernest Hemingway letter from 1930 to his friend Henry Strater, where he states, \"He advised us all to be careful as men are dying this year who have never died before.\"", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191658/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Ernest_Hemingway_Selected_Letters_1917_1/SgKeQfmimJEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=men+are+dying+this+year+who+have+never+died+before&pg=PA335&printsec=frontcover", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Ernest_Hemingway_Selected_Letters_1917_1/SgKeQfmimJEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=men+are+dying+this+year+who+have+never+died+before&pg=PA335&printsec=frontcover" } ], "question": "Where does the saying \"people are dying that have never died before\" originate from?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The vibration generated by clapping will NOT destroy #Coronavirus infection", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200323101640/https://twitter.com/PIBFactCheck/status/1241598340715950080?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200323101640/https://twitter.com/PIBFactCheck/status/1241598340715950080?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "Does clapping your hands kill coronavirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The #JantaCurfew clapping initiative at 5pm is to express gratitude towards the Emergency staff working selflessly to counter", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200323101640/https://twitter.com/PIBFactCheck/status/1241598340715950080?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200323101640/https://twitter.com/PIBFactCheck/status/1241598340715950080?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "What is the 5pm Janta Curfew" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Legendary country singer Kenny Rogers who died at 81 years old.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191812/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/21/entertainment/kenny-rogers-country-singer-dies/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/21/entertainment/kenny-rogers-country-singer-dies/index.html" } ], "question": "Who was Kenny Rogers?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "His fifth and final marriage was to Wanda Miller in 1997.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191902/https://doyouremember.com/110387/kenny-rogers-family", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://doyouremember.com/110387/kenny-rogers-family" } ], "question": "Who was country singer Kenny Rogers wife?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "March 2020.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524052927/https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2020-03-20/kenny-rogers-dead", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2020-03-20/kenny-rogers-dead" } ], "question": "When did Kenny Rogers die?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A story on 'taters gonna tate' site states that Kenny Rogers’ Wife will Donat Half His Estate To Trump’s Re-Election", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200417103233/https://tatersgonnatate.com/kenny-rogers-wife-donates-half-his-estate-to-trumps-re-election-its-what-he-would-have-wanted/?fbclid=IwAR19pPTLyrtI2QMyarnze9aUpRvsN2ePTFypGfFbAe-BIF1HhWZ1dHrKCk8", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200417103233/https://tatersgonnatate.com/kenny-rogers-wife-donates-half-his-estate-to-trumps-re-election-its-what-he-would-have-wanted/?fbclid=IwAR19pPTLyrtI2QMyarnze9aUpRvsN2ePTFypGfFbAe-BIF1HhWZ1dHrKCk8" } ], "question": "Has Wanda Miller made any announcements about donating the inheritance of her husbands estate?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Tatersgonnatate.com is a subsidiary of the “America’s Last Line of Defense” network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery, or as Snopes called it before they lost their war on satire: Junk News", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200416231303/https://tatersgonnatate.com/sample-page/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200416231303/https://tatersgonnatate.com/sample-page/" } ], "question": "Is the site 'Taters Gonna Tate' a trusted news publisher?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "No. The claims that it did are nothing more than conspiracy theories, with no basis in science. As noted above, 5G is safe, and it also doesn’t work in such a way that causing something like Covid-19 would even be theoretically possible.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230311054004/https://5g.co.uk/guides/what-is-5g/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://5g.co.uk/guides/what-is-5g/" } ], "question": "Is 5G linked to the spread of COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "SARS-CoV-2 spreads from person to person through close communities.\n\nWhen people with COVID-19 breathe out or cough, they expel tiny droplets that contain the virus. These droplets can enter the mouth or nose of someone without the virus, causing an infection to occur.\n\nThe most common way that this illness spreads is through close contact with someone who has the infection. Close contact is within around 6 feetTrusted Source.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230331120527/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-causes", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-causes#transmission" }, { "answer": "COVID-19 is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks.\nPeople can also be infected by touching a contaminated surface and then their eyes, mouth or nose.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191942/https://www.who.int/images/default-source/health-topics/coronavirus/myth-busters/web-mythbusters/eng-mythbusting-ncov-%2815%29.png?sfvrsn=a8b9e94_4", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/images/default-source/health-topics/coronavirus/myth-busters/web-mythbusters/eng-mythbusting-ncov-(15).png?sfvrsn=a8b9e94_4" } ], "question": "How is COVID-19 spread?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Kenneth Donald Rogers, (born August 21, 1938, Houston, Texas, U.S.—died March 20, 2020, Sandy Springs, Georgia), American country music singer", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230326013905/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kenny-Rogers-American-singer-songwriter", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kenny-Rogers-American-singer-songwriter" } ], "question": "Wo is the 'Kenny Rogers' the claim refers to?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "He was still married to his fifth wife, Wanda Miller, at the time of his death.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524192004/https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/03/kenny-rogers-wives-spouse-how-many-times-married/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/03/kenny-rogers-wives-spouse-how-many-times-married/" } ], "question": "Who is the wife of American country music singer Kenny Rogers?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "tatersgonnatate.com", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201225051151/https://tatersgonnatate.com/sample-page/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201225051151/https://tatersgonnatate.com/sample-page/" } ], "question": "Where did the claim originate?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Tatersgonnatate.com describes itself as 'the “America’s Last Line of Defence” network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery, or as Snopes called it before they lost their war on satire: Junk News'", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201225051151/https://tatersgonnatate.com/sample-page/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201225051151/https://tatersgonnatate.com/sample-page/" } ], "question": "Is tatersgonnatate.com considered a trustworthy news website?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Everything on this website is fiction.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201225051151/https://tatersgonnatate.com/sample-page/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201225051151/https://tatersgonnatate.com/sample-page/" } ], "question": "Is the claim fiction?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "General Motors and Ventec Life Systems announced that the car company would begin retooling its manufacturing facility in Kokomo, Indiana, to make “critical care ventilators” that could be ready to “ship as soon as next month.”", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712105249/https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2020/mar/0327-coronavirus-update-6-kokomo.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712105249/https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2020/mar/0327-coronavirus-update-6-kokomo.html" } ], "question": "Did Ford and General Motors manufacture ventilators during the COVID-10 pandemic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "It wasn’t until nearly a week after the president’s claim that General Motors and Ventec Life Systems announced that the car company would begin retooling its manufacturing facility in Kokomo, Indiana, to make “critical care ventilators” that could be ready to “ship as soon as next month.”\n\nPrior to that, GM had been working to produce or procure parts for Ventec to increase Ventec’s output of ventilators, and GM was only “exploring the feasibility to build ventilators” at one of its own facilities, a company spokesman told us.\n\nThe CEO of Ford, meanwhile, has said recently that it could be May or June before Ford, which is partnering with another company that makes the lifesaving machines, begins to produce them in mass.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712105249/https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2020/mar/0327-coronavirus-update-6-kokomo.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210712105249/https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2020/mar/0327-coronavirus-update-6-kokomo.html" } ], "question": "Did this happen before Trump made his claim it was happening \"right now\"?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Days after the claim was Tweeted Forbes reported Mar 23, 2020, - Though President Trump insisted this weekend that American automakers were already producing ventilators without his having to compel them using the Defense Production Act, the AP reported Monday that Ford, General Motors and Tesla are months away from being able to convert their factories into medical supply production facilities. On Sunday, the president tweeted: “Ford, General Motors and Tesla are being given the go ahead to make ventilators and other metal products, FAST! @fema Go for it auto execs, lets see how good you are?” \n\nForbes further clarified - Neither Ford nor General Motors is making ventilators right now, and while Tesla’s Elon Musk has said his company is “working on it,” there’s no evidence to suggest that production is underway, and it could take months to get there, according to the AP report.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523185342/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertag&topUrl=www.forbes.com", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/marleycoyne/2020/03/23/gm-and-ford-are-not-yet-making-ventilators-despite-trumps-assertion/?sh=15c437384784" } ], "question": "Were alternative statements made around the time of the claim to - American automakers, including Ford and General Motors, manufacturing much needed medical ventilators \"right now\"?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Confirmed to be fake by News5.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524192120/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FNews5Everywhere%2Fphotos%2Fa.182218585268237%2F1922603334563078%2F%3Ftype%3D3", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/News5Everywhere/photos/a.182218585268237/1922603334563078/?type=3&_rdc=2&_rdr" } ], "question": "Did LeBron James say Duterte is \"better\" than Trump in handling the COVID-19 crisis?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Amongst others, the U.S. intelligence community warned in its annual threat report for 2019 that “that the United States and the world will remain vulnerable to the next flu pandemic or large-scale outbreak of a contagious disease that could lead to massive rates of death.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230411163749/https://www.factcheck.org/2020/03/contrary-to-trumps-claim-a-pandemic-was-widely-expected-at-some-point/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.factcheck.org/2020/03/contrary-to-trumps-claim-a-pandemic-was-widely-expected-at-some-point/" }, { "answer": "The likelihood of a pandemic has been clear to experts for quite some time.\n\nBack in 2012, the RAND Corp. issued a report called “Threats Without Threateners? Exploring Intersections of Threats to the Global Commons and National Security.” That report focused on five risks — nuclear proliferation, conflict in the Middle East, water scarcity, pandemics and climate change.\n\nOf the five, it said, “In current circumstances, only pandemics seem to be an existential threat, capable of destroying America’s way of life.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230514071131/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2012/RAND_OP360.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2012/RAND_OP360.pdf" } ], "question": "Did anyone predict that there could be a pandemic or epidemic of Covid-19 proportions prior to March 2020?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "MP's in the UK were given an increased allowance for office expenses, that allowed them to claim upto an additional £10,000 in expenses due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It was not a bonus payment.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://theipsa-web-staging.azurewebsites.net/media/185648/bulletin-19-march-2020.pdf" } ], "question": "Were MP's in the UK given a £10,000 bonus to cover additional expenses due to the Covid 19 pandemic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "MP's in the UK voted for themselves to be allowed to claim (with receipts) upto an additional £10,000 to cover additional expenses due to the Covid 19 pandemic. It was not a bonus.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://theipsa-web-staging.azurewebsites.net/media/185648/bulletin-19-march-2020.pd" } ], "question": "Did MP's in the UK vote for themselves to be given an £10,000 bonus to cover additional expenses due to the Covid 19 pandemic?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The FDA has been working closely with other government agencies and academic centers that are investigating the use of the drug chloroquine, which is already approved for treating malaria, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, to determine whether it can be used to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to potentially reduce the duration of symptoms, as well as viral shedding, which can help prevent the spread of disease. Studies are underway to determine the efficacy in using chloroquine to treat COVID-19.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230415214147/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-continues-facilitate-development-treatments", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-continues-facilitate-development-treatments" } ], "question": "Has chloroquine been approved for use in treating Covid-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn, speaking after the president, said the FDA is considering giving chloroquine to larger populations of coronavirus patients as part of an “expanded use” testing program. Such a trial in patients would allow the FDA to collect data to measure scientifically whether it works. It was not immediately clear how long it would take the FDA to design the study and get it working at trial sites around the country.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230331232404/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/19/trump-calls-anti-malarial-drug-game-changer-coronavirus-fda-says-it-needs-study/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/19/trump-calls-anti-malarial-drug-game-changer-coronavirus-fda-says-it-needs-study/" } ], "question": "Has a timeline been established as to when this drug may be available for use treating Covid-19?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Indigenous peoples and nations of Canada and the USA.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230521135845/https://www.afn.ca/about-afn/national-congress-of-american-indians/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.afn.ca/about-afn/national-congress-of-american-indians/" } ], "question": "What are First Nations communities?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "In BC, and across Canada, some First Nations communities are taking the step of establishing checkpoints or closing the borders of their communities. Many BC First Nations are looking for ways to restrict movement in and out of our communities to contain the spread of COVID-19. Our Elders are very precious to us – especially their roles in holding language, knowledge and culture – and therefore need increased protection from COVID-19.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230317112743/https://www.fnha.ca/about/news-and-events/news/first-nations-community-closures-and-checkpoints-in-covid-19-pandemic", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.fnha.ca/about/news-and-events/news/first-nations-community-closures-and-checkpoints-in-covid-19-pandemic" } ], "question": "Have some First Nations communities in Canada closed their borders because of Covid-19?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The first cases of the outbreak were recorded in Haskell County, Kansas, and Fort Riley, Kansas.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193021/https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/flu-pandemic-of-1918/17805", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/flu-epidemic-of-1918/17805" } ], "question": "Where did Spanish Flu orginate from?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The outbreak of 1918 was named the Spanish influenza. Although inaccurate, historians believe this name came from the lack of media censure in Spain when the disease hit", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193021/https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/flu-pandemic-of-1918/17805", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/flu-epidemic-of-1918/17805" } ], "question": "Why was the influenza pandemic of 1918 called \"Spanish Flu\"?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "China", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230329052110/https://www.britannica.com/event/1968-flu-pandemic", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.britannica.com/event/1968-flu-pandemic" } ], "question": "Where did Hong Kong Flu originate from?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "East Asia", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230329152429/https://www.britannica.com/event/1957-flu-pandemic", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.britannica.com/event/1957-flu-pandemic" } ], "question": "Where did Asian Flu originate from?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It came to be called German measles in the latter part of the 19th century when the disease was closely studied by German physicians.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230514015043/https://www.britannica.com/science/rubella", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.britannica.com/science/rubella" } ], "question": "Why is Rubella called German Measles?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "“Informing the public it is NOT TRUE that P20,000 will be given to all SSS members to help with Covid-19,\" the agency said in this Tagalog-language Facebook post on March 18, 2020.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193140/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FSSSPh%2Fposts%2F10158456957877868", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/SSSPh/posts/10158456957877868" } ], "question": "Did Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte approve the release of P20,000 (USD $400) to all recipients of the Philippines’ Social Security System (SSS) to help them through the novel coronavirus pandemic?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Modi declared a Janta curfew on March 22nd (Sunday) where 1.3 billion Indians will have to stay home between 7 am and 9 pm.\n“It is a curfew by the public and for the public,” said Modi during his address to the nation on March 19.\nHe urged the nation that this is not the time to be complacent about the impending Coronavirus crisis.\nOn the day of the Janata Curfew, Modi urged everyone to step out onto their balconies at 5 pm sharp and with the sound of a siren, clap for all those who are working day and night to help others.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193226/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/what-is-janata-curfew-that-pm-narendra-modi-suggested-coronavirus-impact/articleshow/74716089.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/what-is-janata-curfew-that-pm-narendra-modi-suggested-coronavirus-impact/articleshow/74716089.cms" } ], "question": "What is the basis of this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Not mentioned on their advice pages", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518041649/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public" } ], "question": "Does WHO recommend had clapping to prevent/kill Covid-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The lockdown bans public gatherings and restricts travel only for urgent work situations, emergencies and health reasons.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193503/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/12/italy-locked-down-in-pictures.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/12/italy-locked-down-in-pictures.html" } ], "question": "Did Italy close its borders from travellers during the covid pandemic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "At the disposal of the national health authorities, ENAC has suspended all air connections between Italy and China, until further notice.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193627/https://www.enac.gov.it/news/coronavirus-sospesi-tutti-collegamenti-aerei-tra-italia-cina-courtesy-translation-available", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.enac.gov.it/news/coronavirus-sospesi-tutti-collegamenti-aerei-tra-italia-cina-courtesy-translation-available" } ], "question": "Could you travel from China to Italy during the covid pandemic?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "An article dated 22/03/2020 stated - On Sunday evening, people across India clapped, rang bells, and blew conch shells in response to PM Narendra Modi’s request during Janata Curfew at Omex in Ludhiana.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193737/https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/silence-of-janata-curfew-breaks-with-sounds-of-bells-shankhs-and-clapping-thalis-6326862/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/silence-of-janata-curfew-breaks-with-sounds-of-bells-shankhs-and-clapping-thalis-6326862/" } ], "question": "Did Narendra Modi ask people to ring bells in relation to a ‘Janata curfew’?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Thanking those at the forefront of the fight against the novel coronavirus.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193737/https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/silence-of-janata-curfew-breaks-with-sounds-of-bells-shankhs-and-clapping-thalis-6326862/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/silence-of-janata-curfew-breaks-with-sounds-of-bells-shankhs-and-clapping-thalis-6326862/" } ], "question": "What did PM Narendra Modi publicily call as a reason to ring bells in relation to the ‘Janata curfew’ in March 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes, but the sound that can affect viruses cannot be produced by bells. The research refers to microwaves. \n\nIn this article, we show that SRET from microwave to virus can be efficient enough so that airborne virus was inactivated with reasonable microwave power density safe for the open public.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193827/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673452/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673452/" } ], "question": "Has any work been published on the effect of sound on viruses?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The FDA has been working closely with other government agencies and academic centers that are investigating the use of the drug chloroquine, which is already approved for treating malaria, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, to determine whether it can be used to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to potentially reduce the duration of symptoms, as well as viral shedding, which can help prevent the spread of disease. Studies are underway to determine the efficacy in using chloroquine to treat COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230415214147/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-continues-facilitate-development-treatments", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-continues-facilitate-development-treatments" }, { "answer": "In a press release on March 19, 2020 The FDA sees \"promise,\" regarding the chloroquine drug, but \"also must ensure these products are effective; otherwise we risk treating patients with a product that might not work when they could have pursued other, more appropriate, treatments.\"", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210607022455/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-continues-facilitate-development-treatments", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210607022455/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-continues-facilitate-development-treatments" } ], "question": "Is Chloroquine approved for use in treating Covid?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Chloroquine (also known as chloroquine phosphate) is an antimalarial medicine. It is available in the\nUnited States by prescription only. It is sold under the brand name Aralen, and it is also sold as a generic\nmedicine.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616190537/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/fsp/drugs/Chloroquine.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616190537/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/fsp/drugs/Chloroquine.pdf" } ], "question": "What is Chloroquine?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Chloroquine can be prescribed for either prevention or treatment of malaria.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616190537/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/fsp/drugs/Chloroquine.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210616190537/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/fsp/drugs/Chloroquine.pdf" } ], "question": "What does the chloroquine drug treat?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Chloroquine is currently undergoing clinical trials in China regarding its potential treatment for COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210613105445/https://www.wired.com/story/an-old-malaria-drug-may-fight-covid-19-and-silicon-valleys-into-it/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210613105445/https://www.wired.com/story/an-old-malaria-drug-may-fight-covid-19-and-silicon-valleys-into-it/" }, { "answer": "A Nature article published on February 4, 2020 found that chloroquine was able to limit the infection of the virus in cells grown in a lab. As a result, the authors have suggested that it be tested on human patients.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210615050408/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-0282-0", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210615050408/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-0282-0" } ], "question": "Could chloroquine be used to treat COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "19/03/2020", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When was this claim made?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Between 1918 and 1919", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201126181530/https://www.altnews.in/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201126181530/https://www.altnews.in/" } ], "question": "WHen did Scott Fitzgerald have the Spanish Influenza?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The letter wasn’t actually written by Fitzgerald. Instead, it is a work of satire published on the website McSweeney’s Internet Tendency on March 13.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201020164028/https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/this-side-of-paradise-a-letter-from-f-scott-fitzgerald-quarantined-in-the-south-of-france", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201020164028/https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/this-side-of-paradise-a-letter-from-f-scott-fitzgerald-quarantined-in-the-south-of-france" } ], "question": "Did scoot write any letter" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "18/03/2020", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When was the claim made" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The president made no such remarks as transcripts from the briefing show", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201127004409/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-meeting-tourism-industry-executives-covid-19-response/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201127004409/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-meeting-tourism-industry-executives-covid-19-response/" } ], "question": "Did President Donald Trump make comments regarding the death rates of COVID-19 in his meetings held on March 17" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There is no such phrase on the President's twitter handle", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524143733/https://twitter.com/login", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/search?q=Peoplearedying(from:realDonaldTrump)until:2020-03-30since:2020-03-01&src=typed_query" } ], "question": "Can the phrase \"people are dying\" be found on the President's twitter handle which he uses regularly for communication" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Digging into Twitter, it was found that the video is actually of an old incident of that occurred at the Terminal 3 of IGI Airport, New Delhi.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524193918/https://thelogicalindian.com/fact-check/delhi-airport-screening-international-passengers-20254", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://thelogicalindian.com/fact-check/delhi-airport-screening-international-passengers-20254" } ], "question": "Were the Passport of the passengers arriving at the T3 Of Delhi airport taken away and kept till COVID-19 tests were completed, resulting in chaos at the airport on 18th March, 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "April 16, 2020\nN Engl J Med 2020; 382:1564-1567\n\nSARS-CoV-2 was more stable on plastic and stainless steel than on copper and cardboard, and viable virus was detected up to 72 hours after application to these surfaces", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230508174337/http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2004973", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2004973" } ], "question": "Have there been studies and what has been the outcome?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to WHO There is no evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline has protected people from infection with the new coronavirus. \n\nThere is some limited evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline can help people recover more quickly from the common cold. However, regularly rinsing the nose has not been shown to prevent respiratory infections.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200919170617/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters#saline", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200919170617/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters#saline" } ], "question": "Does saline provide any beneficial effect in curing covid-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "No known cure.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230511095159/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Fprevention.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Fprevention.html" } ], "question": "Is there a cure for covid-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No mention of this incident was found.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230513194444/https://www.customs.gov.lk/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.customs.gov.lk/" } ], "question": "What does the Sri Lankan customs authority website mention regarding the release of expired tinned fish?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Did the Sri Lankan customs release expired tinned fish into the Sri Lankan market?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "commissioner G Prakash saying, \"Except those establishments like malls, theatres etc other facilities like fruits, vegetables, meat and fish markets will remain open. All small grocery stores, small trade establishments, supermarkets etc will remain open too. The aim is to prevent the spread of virus, not to affect the common man's life.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200426082743/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/supermarkets-vegetable-markets-will-remain-open-chennai-commissioner-confirms-120511", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200426082743/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/supermarkets-vegetable-markets-will-remain-open-chennai-commissioner-confirms-120511" } ], "question": "What is the official statement made by the Chennai Municipal commissioner regarding the shutting down of fish markets" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Is there a “COVID-19 Emergency Powers Act” in Western Australia?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, there is a study being conducted but this is not forced upon people.\n\nThe McGowan Government is partnering with the Telethon Kids Institute in a study to test for COVID-19 among school students and staff without symptoms.\n\nThe study has three aspects, the first is a surveillance study in which a sample of staff and students from 40 identified schools will be tested for COVID-19 at monthly intervals over a period of three months, possibly longer depending on the number of cases detected. Parents will be advised of the outcome of tests.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230323211227/https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/McGowan/2020/05/Research-study-to-track-impact-of-COVID-19-in-schools.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/McGowan/2020/05/Research-study-to-track-impact-of-COVID-19-in-schools.aspx" } ], "question": "Is there an act in Western Australia that authorises forcible medical examination and vaccination in schools regarding covid?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "NO:\nCOVID-19 is novel, or new. That means there's no vaccine, and it's unclear how it will manifest;\nThis strain of coronavirus appears to infect two to 2.5 people versus 1.3 with the flu, so coronavirus seems to be about twice as contagious as the flu;\nSome 20% of coronavirus patients are in serious enough condition to go to the hospital, 10 times the number who wind up in the hospital because of the flu;\nHospital stays for the coronavirus are twice as long as for the flu;\nAbout 8% of people get the flu every year. Some estimates are 25% to 50%, possibly up to 80%, could get the coronavirus without drastic actions being taken by individuals, states and municipalities and the federal government;\nThe coronavirus could be 10 times deadlier than the flu — about 0.1% who get flu die. It's estimated that about 1% of those who have gotten coronavirus have died from it;\nThere are treatments for the flu. There are no approved treatments for the coronavirus, despite the president's optimism for certain drugs, which are untested for coronavirus to this point; and\nThe flu tends to wane in warm weather, but it's too soon to count on that for coronavirus, which is thriving in warm, tropical places.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210126070612/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/20/815408287/how-the-novel-coronavirus-and-the-flu-are-alike-and-different", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210126070612/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/20/815408287/how-the-novel-coronavirus-and-the-flu-are-alike-and-different" } ], "question": "Is covid19 the same as the common cold?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "no its believed to be 1%\n\nThe coronavirus could be 10 times deadlier than the flu — about 0.1% who get flu die. It's estimated that about 1% of those who have gotten coronavirus have died from it;", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210126070612/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/20/815408287/how-the-novel-coronavirus-and-the-flu-are-alike-and-different", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210126070612/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/20/815408287/how-the-novel-coronavirus-and-the-flu-are-alike-and-different" } ], "question": "Was the US Mortality rate for covid19 0.1% at time of the claim?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "the President may exercise\nemergency authorities under the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA; 50 U.S.C. §§4501 et seq.) to\naddress supply shortages and economic development impacts. During a press conference on March 18,\n2020, the President indicated that he would invoke the DPAto address domestic essential goods and\nmaterials shortages caused by the pandemic. This Insight considers the various DPA authorities that may\nbe used going forward and explores potential policy considerations for Congress.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11231" } ], "question": "What is the Defense Production Act?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "On March 18th 2020 White House press briefing, President Trump said he would invoke the Defense Production Act of 1950 in response to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, which gives the federal government broad powers to enlist private companies to help with national crises.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524194405/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattperez/2020/03/18/president-trump-invokes-wartime-law-the-defense-production-act-heres-what-that-does/?sh=71c64c957c52", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattperez/2020/03/18/president-trump-invokes-wartime-law-the-defense-production-act-heres-what-that-does/?sh=71c64c957c52" } ], "question": "When did Trump enact the Defense Production Act?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "12th March 2020", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://gov.nv.gov/News/Emergency_Orders/2020/2020-03-12_-_COVID-19_Declaration_of_Emergency/" } ], "question": "When was covid-19 declared a pandemic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "12th March 2020", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://gov.nv.gov/News/Emergency_Orders/2020/2020-03-12_-_COVID-19_Declaration_of_Emergency/" } ], "question": "When was COVID-19 declared a pandemic?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The fatality rate of the coronavirus was based on current data available of known positive cases and known deaths.\nOftentimes estimates have to be made because data is just not yet available. The Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, used the fatality rate of coronavirus with known numbers and used this as his prediction of eventual mortality rate. This was a faulty assumption. Estimates usually involve obtaining information that is available and making estimates on what is not. We cannot tell the future but we can make educated guesses based on information available. This is what has been done with the coronavirus because this type of virus has apparently never been seen before.\n\n2. Sometimes estimates are reasonable and sometimes they are wrong, and even way off.\nAdvertisement - story continues below\n\nThe point is that whenever estimates are made of large unknown values they are always wrong because no one can tell the future. Sometimes estimates end up close and sometimes they are not and sometimes they are way off.\n\n3. The current “estimate” for the coronavirus fatality rate according to the WHO is about 3.4%.\nThe estimate used most often is from the WHO based on the Director General’s comments. The WHO estimates the mortality rate of the coronavirus to be around 3.4%:\n\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated the mortality rate from Covid-19 is about 3.4%. That is higher than seasonal flu and is cause for concern – but even if it is correct, more than 96% of people who become infected with the coronavirus will recover.\n\nAdvertisement - story continues below\n\n4. The same rate for this year’s seasonal flu is 10% if you use known cases and known deaths (but the media tells you it’s .1%).\nAs The Gateway Pundit reported earlier, according to CDC numbers, in the US in the 2019-2020 flu season, there were 222,552 confirmed cases of the flu from testing and an estimated 36 million flu cases in the United States", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526001143/https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/03/exclusive-evidence-shows-director-general-of-world-health-organization-severely-overstated-the-fatality-rate-of-the-coronavirus-leading-to-the-greatest-global-panic-in-history/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/03/exclusive-evidence-shows-director-general-of-world-health-organization-severely-overstated-the-fatality-rate-of-the-coronavirus-leading-to-the-greatest-global-panic-in-history/" } ], "question": "Is the COVID-19 fatality rate in 2020 overstated by Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Healthcare\nVisualizing the History of Pandemics\n\nPublished 3 years ago\n\non March 14, 2020\n\nBy Nicholas LePan\nGraphics/Design:\n\n Harrison Schell\n\nTweet\nShare\nShare\nReddit\nEmail\n\nThe History of Pandemics\n\nPan·dem·ic /panˈdemik/ (of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world.\n\nAs humans have spread across the world, so have infectious diseases. Even in this modern era, outbreaks are nearly constant, though not every outbreak reaches pandemic level as COVID-19 has.\n\nToday’s visualization outlines some of history’s most deadly pandemics, from the Antonine Plague to the current COVID-19 event.\nA Timeline of Historical Pandemics\n\nDisease and illnesses have plagued humanity since the earliest days, our mortal flaw. However, it was not until the marked shift to agrarian communities that the scale and spread of these diseases increased dramatically.\n\nWidespread trade created new opportunities for human and animal interactions that sped up such epidemics. Malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, influenza, smallpox, and others first appeared during these early years.\n\nThe more civilized humans became – with larger cities, more exotic trade routes, and increased contact with different populations of people, animals, and ecosystems – the more likely pandemics would occur.\n\nHere are some of the major pandemics that have occurred over time:\nName\tTime period\tType / Pre-human host\tDeath toll\nAntonine Plague\t165-180\tBelieved to be either smallpox or measles\t5M\nJapanese smallpox epidemic\t735-737\tVariola major virus\t1M\nPlague of Justinian\t541-542\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t30-50M\nBlack Death\t1347-1351\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t200M\nNew World Smallpox Outbreak\t1520 – onwards\tVariola major virus\t56M\nGreat Plague of London\t1665\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t100,000\nItalian plague\t1629-1631\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t1M\nCholera Pandemics 1-6\t1817-1923\tV. cholerae bacteria\t1M+\nThird Plague\t1885\tYersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas\t12M (", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230507054306/https://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-of-pandemics-deadliest/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-of-pandemics-deadliest/" } ], "question": "What is the COVID-19 fatality rate in 2020 ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Survey shows Filipinos more satisfied with Duterte government than any other", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526135546/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN1F70XA", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN1F70XA" } ], "question": "Do Filipinos like President Rodrigo Duterte?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The survey tested the people’s perception on the top five highest officials in the country, and the top five most recent presidents, in terms of the “Love, Care and Solidarity” index, and the “Decisiveness Index.”\n\nBased on the survey that studied 1,500 respondents from key cities nationwide from August 7 to 9, Duterte got 90 percent decisiveness rating, followed by Vice President Leni Robredo with only 5 percent. Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno, Senate President Aquilino Pimentel and Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez all got 1 percent.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526135645/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/926187/president-duterte-duterte-survey-duterte-trust-rating-leni-robredo-surveys-publicus-asia-inc", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/926187/president-duterte-duterte-survey-duterte-trust-rating-leni-robredo-surveys-publicus-asia-inc" } ], "question": "What were the results of the Pahayag” pilot survey, conducted by the Publicus Asia Inc in the Philippians?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "As of about 6 p.m. on March 18, he said, neither the robbery nor property crime units had investigated any such incident or received any reports about people pretending to offer COVID-19 tests. The department’s dispatch had not fielded any calls along those lines.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Is there any recorded evidence of people pretending to be testing for COVID-19 so they can rob people." } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "United States of America.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Which country does the claim refer to?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "New York state.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Which state may want to impose a quarantine on itself?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "state Executive Law Section 24, says that the New York State Legislature can override a local action, and Executive Law Section 29-A, gives the governor power to override local laws or orders in a state emergency. In addition, an executive order on March 7, said that local actions be approved.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210126092233/https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EXC/24", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210126092233/https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EXC/24" } ], "question": "Can New York state legally impose to quarantine itself?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Executive Law Section 29-A, which gives the governor power to override local laws or orders in a state emergency. In addition, an executive order on March 7, required that local actions be approved.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210126092233/https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EXC/24", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210126092233/https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EXC/24" } ], "question": "Does a US city have the power to order quarantines without state approval" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to WHO, COVID-19 can spread in all climates. Several countries with hot climates, such as India, have reported cases of COVID-19. As we write these lines, India, which has temperatures above 30°C, reports 90927 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Similarly, there are nearly 100 000 cases of COVID-19 on the African continent, according to the WHO Regional Office in Africa – where several countries have current temperatures in excess of 28C.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125220327/https://www.who.int/", "source_medium": "Other", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125220327/https://www.who.int/" } ], "question": "Does Exposing ourselves to the sun or to high temperatures kills the Covid-19 virus?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Avigan, also known as Favipiravir.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200624173610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-fujifilm/fujifilm-shares-jump-15-on-china-coronavirus-drug-trial-boost-idUSKBN215025", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200624173610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-fujifilm/fujifilm-shares-jump-15-on-china-coronavirus-drug-trial-boost-idUSKBN215025" } ], "question": "What Japanese-made drug allegedly works against COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Avigan is an anti-flu drug that has appeared to help coronavirus patients recover. The drug was approved for use in Japan in 2014.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200624173610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-fujifilm/fujifilm-shares-jump-15-on-china-coronavirus-drug-trial-boost-idUSKBN215025", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200624173610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-fujifilm/fujifilm-shares-jump-15-on-china-coronavirus-drug-trial-boost-idUSKBN215025" } ], "question": "What is Avigan?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to Zhang Xinmin, Avigan has been effective, with no obvious side-effects, in helping coronavirus patients recover. \n\nIn a clinical trial in Shenzhen involving 80 participants, patients who took Favipiravir showed greater chest improvement and took less time to test negative for the genomic trace of the virus, compared with patients not given the drug.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200624173610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-fujifilm/fujifilm-shares-jump-15-on-china-coronavirus-drug-trial-boost-idUSKBN215025", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200624173610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-fujifilm/fujifilm-shares-jump-15-on-china-coronavirus-drug-trial-boost-idUSKBN215025" } ], "question": "Is Avigan effective against COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "An official at China's science and technology ministry.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200924200627/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/japanese-flu-drug-clearly-effective-in-treating-coronavirus-says-china", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200924200627/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/japanese-flu-drug-clearly-effective-in-treating-coronavirus-says-china" } ], "question": "Who is Zhang Xinmin?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Studies found that the drug may cause fetal deaths or deformities.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141955/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/China-says-Japan-developed-drug-Avigan-works-against-coronavirus", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141955/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/China-says-Japan-developed-drug-Avigan-works-against-coronavirus" } ], "question": "Does the drug Avigan have any possible side effects?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "South Korea's ministry of food and drug safety also decided not to import Avigan after infectious disease experts ruled that there was not enough clinical data to prove the drug's efficacy.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141955/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/China-says-Japan-developed-drug-Avigan-works-against-coronavirus", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141955/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/China-says-Japan-developed-drug-Avigan-works-against-coronavirus" } ], "question": "Why has South Korea decided to not import the drug Avigan to combat COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "At March 18, five more deaths in Washington state and two in Colorado has pushed the national death toll to at least 107", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210119113311/https://abcnews.go.com/US/coronavirus-live-updates-us-death-toll-surpasses-100/story?id=69636160", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210119113311/https://abcnews.go.com/US/coronavirus-live-updates-us-death-toll-surpasses-100/story?id=69636160" } ], "question": "What was the COVID-19 death toll between January 22nd 2020 and march 17 2020" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Dr Zeng Yulan reported - she had no underlying health conditions apart from mild bronchitis.\n\nHer daughter-in-law said - After 6 days of treatment, her body returned to normal. Two nucleic acid tests were negative and returned to normal. The next few days have been nutritional support therapy. My mother-in-law's body recovered quickly.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "http://www.ctdsb.net/html/2020/0310/videos296877.html" } ], "question": "Did a 103 year old woman recover from Covid?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "In Zimbabwe there have been 257,893 confirmed cases of COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230303205909/https://coronalevel.com/Zimbabwe/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://coronalevel.com/Zimbabwe/" } ], "question": "How many cases of covid 19 has been confirmed in Zimbabwe" } ]

[ "Position Statement", "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "On the Facebook page real fake tweets", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.vn/4MrdQ", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/4MrdQ" } ], "question": "Where did the claim appear?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Disclaimer: All content on this page is fake and meant to be satirical. Do not believe anything you read here, no matter how bad you want it to be true.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.vn/4MrdQ", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/4MrdQ" } ], "question": "Does the site have a disclaimer on it" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "President Donald Trump compares the Coronavirus to the common flu.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201216013221mp_/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-meeting-republican-senators-2/?utm_source=link&utm_medium=header", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201216013221mp_/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-meeting-republican-senators-2/?utm_source=link&utm_medium=header" } ], "question": "What are President Donald Trump's views on the Coronavirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "At every point, experts have emphasized that the country could reduce those terrible numbers by taking action. And at almost every point, the president has ignored their advice and insisted, “It’s going to be just fine.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516212029/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/opinion/trump-coronavirus.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/opinion/trump-coronavirus.html" } ], "question": "Did Trump admitted downplaying coronavirus dangers in early days of pandemic ?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, The Health benefits remained and the workers were furloughed, HOWEVER many workers who were furloughed were not paid and some were laid off.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200529204909/https://www.wsj.com/articles/marriott-starting-to-furlough-tens-of-thousands-of-employees-11584459417", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200529204909/https://www.wsj.com/articles/marriott-starting-to-furlough-tens-of-thousands-of-employees-11584459417" } ], "question": "Has hotel giant Marriott International effectively denied employees unemployment and health benefits by saying the company had not laid them off, instead putting them on a zero-hour schedule?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "They won't be paid their salaries during their time away from the company, but they will receive health care benefits.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526140103/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/03/17/marriott-furloughs-layoffs-coronavirus-covid-19/5068070002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/03/17/marriott-furloughs-layoffs-coronavirus-covid-19/5068070002/" } ], "question": "Did the Marriot pay health benefits to the laid off workers" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Correct. On 10 March 2020, the last two of 16 makeshift hospitals that had been set up in Wuhan to combat the new coronavirus outbreak were closed, according to local news sources and international media. On 18 March 2020, no new Covid-19 cases were reported in the province of Hubei (of which Wuhan is the capital) for the first time since the beginning of the outbreak. Very few cases have been officially reported in Hubei since this date and travel restrictions have begun to be relaxed in the area.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526140217/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/mar/10/wuhan-closes-last-makeshift-coronavirus-hospital-video", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/mar/10/wuhan-closes-last-makeshift-coronavirus-hospital-video" } ], "question": "Did China close down coronavirus hospital as there were not enough new cases ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "India’s ministry of health has recommended using some of these drugs, but it is not clear how successful they have been so far. \n\nGuidance for the clinical management of Covid-19 mentions using the anti-HIV drugs Lopinavir and Retonovir to treat certain patients who are in high-risk groups.It is unclear how successful this treatment has been. It has been reported that Indian doctors cured Italian patients with this treatment, but this is not confirmed by official sources. \nThe World Health Organisation is including Lopinavir and Ritonavir in trials looking for ways to treat Covid-19.This claim is partially correct.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526140354/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7288773/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7288773/" } ], "question": "Were the doctors in India had been successful in treating coronavirus with a combination of drugs ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "This is true. Researchers from several institutes, including the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, have published a paper (which hasn’t yet been peer-reviewed) that reports on a neutralising antibody for the new coronavirus. Neutralising antibodies are produced by the immune system to protect against viral infection, and are what vaccines aim to induce in the human body.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526140431/https://www.erasmusmagazine.nl/en/2020/03/14/unique-discovery-in-erasmus-mc-antibody-against-corona/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.erasmusmagazine.nl/en/2020/03/14/unique-discovery-in-erasmus-mc-antibody-against-corona/" } ], "question": "Did the researchers at the Erasmus Medical Center have found an antibody against coronavirus ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It has been widely reported that a 103 year-old grandmother in Wuhan, China, made a full recovery from Covid-19 after six days. Zhang Guangfen’s doctor, Dr Zeng Yulan, reportedly told the media that she had no underlying health conditions apart from mild bronchitis.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518152640/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/coronavirus-latest-103-year-old-woman-recovers-wuhan-hubei-china-a9393991.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/coronavirus-latest-103-year-old-woman-recovers-wuhan-hubei-china-a9393991.html" } ], "question": "Did a 103 year-old Chinese grandmother made a full recovery from Covid-19 after being treated for 6 days in Wuhan, China ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Correct. On 13 March 2020, Apple announced that “as of today, all of our stores in Greater China have reopened” after closing all 42 stores on 1 February. The company added that stores outside China were to be closed until 27 March (Apple's website now says that these closures are \"until further notice\").", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526140515/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-apple-china-idUSKBN20Z3VX", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-apple-china-idUSKBN20Z3VX" } ], "question": "Did Apple reopen all 42 China stores ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "This is not true. The hospital in Ohio has developed a faster way of doing the test that already exists, on its own hospital site. In a press briefing on 12 March, the Cleveland Clinic’s CEO and president told reporters: “Cleveland Clinic has not developed a new test for coronavirus.”However, he did say the clinic has “developed the ability” to test for Covid-19 on site, which would speed up the results from days to hours.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516132601/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/21/838794281/study-raises-questions-about-false-negatives-from-quick-covid-19-test", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/21/838794281/study-raises-questions-about-false-negatives-from-quick-covid-19-test" } ], "question": "Did Cleveland Clinic developed a Covid-19 test that gives results in hours, not days ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "This was correct when the post first appeared on social media, and at the time of writing. Reported new cases of Covid-19 in South Korea have declined since their peak in late February, and been roughly level since mid-March.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230513044413/https://www.science.org/content/article/coronavirus-cases-have-dropped-sharply-south-korea-whats-secret-its-success", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.science.org/content/article/coronavirus-cases-have-dropped-sharply-south-korea-whats-secret-its-success" } ], "question": "Did the number of Covid cases in South Korea started declining by mid march 2020 ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Older adults and those with underlying health conditions are at a higher risk of getting very ill as a result of Covid-19. One research paper discusses that as well as Italy’s demographics, cultural factors likely contributed to viral spread in Italy, including family members of different generations living close together and having frequent contact with one another. \nI support the claim.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230405110546/https://www.wired.com/story/why-the-coronavirus-hit-italy-so-hard/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.wired.com/story/why-the-coronavirus-hit-italy-so-hard/" } ], "question": "Was Italy hit hard with Coronavirus only because they have the oldest population in Europe ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to newspaper reports, scientists at the Institute for Biological Research in Israel are working on developing a vaccine for the new coronavirus. Institutes and pharmaceutical companies in other countries are working on similar projects, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526140631/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/scientists-in-israel-likely-to-announce-it-developed-coronavirus-vaccine/articleshow/74592807.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/scientists-in-israel-likely-to-announce-it-developed-coronavirus-vaccine/articleshow/74592807.cms" } ], "question": "Were Scientists in Israel likely to announce the development of a coronavirus vaccine ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "This is true. On 13 March 2020, Montgomery County (a local government in the US state of Maryland) confirmed that three residents who previously had the virus no longer tested positive.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230315010553/https://www.fox5dc.com/news/3-maryland-coronavirus-patients-fully-recovered-able-to-return-to-everyday-life", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.fox5dc.com/news/3-maryland-coronavirus-patients-fully-recovered-able-to-return-to-everyday-life" } ], "question": "Did the Maryland coronavirus patients fully recovered of Covid 19 ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A team of researchers from Sunnybrook, McMaster University and the University of Toronto has isolated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent responsible for the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19.\n\nThanks to nimble collaboration, the team was able to culture the virus from two clinical specimens in a Level 3 containment facility.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327033616/https://sunnybrook.ca/research/media/item.asp?c=2&i=2069&f=covid-19-isolated-2020", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://sunnybrook.ca/research/media/item.asp?c=2&i=2069&f=covid-19-isolated-2020" } ], "question": "Did a network of Canadian scientists make an excellent progress in Covid-19 research ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "This is true. The company, called Arcturus Therapeutics, announced on 4 March 2020 that it would be working on a vaccine with DukeNUS Medical School in Singapore. This is also on the WHO’s list of vaccines being worked on.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526140851/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/biotech/story/2020-03-05/arcturus-therapeutics-nets-up-to-10-million-in-funding-from-singapore-for-covid-19-vaccine", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/biotech/story/2020-03-05/arcturus-therapeutics-nets-up-to-10-million-in-funding-from-singapore-for-covid-19-vaccine" } ], "question": "Is a San Diego biotech company developing a Covid-19 vaccine in collaboration with Duke University and National University of Singapore ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In a Facebook post referring to the patient, Tulsa Health Department said that they “had two negative tests, which is the indicator of recovery”. Under the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance, two negative tests is one of the criteria to determine if people with Covid-19 who had symptoms but weren’t hospitalised can stop isolating, alongside resolution of fever without medication and improvement in respiratory symptoms.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230517074609/https://tulsa-health.org/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.tulsa-health.org/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19" } ], "question": "Did Tulsa County's first positive Covid-19 case recovered with 2 negative tests ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "One possible origin of this claim is a story in The Hindu on 14 March, which said that seven Covid-19 patients at the hospital in New Delhi had recovered. These seven were not the only Covid-19 patients in Safdarjung Hospital, however. The vast majority of Covid-19 patients experience a mild illness and do recover.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314180516/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/seven-recover-at-safdarjung-hospital-yet-to-be-discharged/article31064785.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/seven-recover-at-safdarjung-hospital-yet-to-be-discharged/article31064785.ece" } ], "question": "Did all the 7 patients who were suffering from Covid 19 in Safdurjung hospital New Delhi recover in march 2020 ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "At the time of writing, this has not yet been proven in clinical trials, but the approach has been approved for occasional use in China and elsewhere.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327163756/https://www.livescience.com/covid-19-recovered-patient-plasma-trial.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.livescience.com/covid-19-recovered-patient-plasma-trial.html" } ], "question": "Can the plasma from newly recovered patients from Covid -19 treat others infected by Covid-19 ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to an article published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research dated Feb-Mar 2020, Lopinavir/ritonavir combination therapy protocol has a limitation.\nThe combination treatment is approved for emergency public health use, only amongst laboratory-confirmed patients with moderate degree of severity and not designed as a controlled clinical trial. However, the treatment outcomes amongst the first few cases would be useful in providing guidance about clinical management of COVID-19 cases in future. If found useful in managing initial COVID-19 infected patients, further evaluation using a randomized control trial design is warranted to guide future therapeutic use of this combination.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526140354/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7288773/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7288773/" } ], "question": "Have doctors in India have been successful in treating Coronavirus using combination of specific drugs?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "“Cleveland Clinic has not developed a new test for coronavirus.”\nHowever, he did say the clinic has “developed the ability” to test for Covid-19 on site, which would speed up the results from days to hours.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141045/https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2020/03/31/coronavirus-video-resources-for-media-outlets/", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2020/03/31/coronavirus-video-resources-for-media-outlets/" } ], "question": "Has Cleveland Clinic developed a Covid-19 test that gives results in hours?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Cleveland Clinic’s CEO and president told reporters: “Cleveland Clinic has not developed a new test for coronavirus.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141045/https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2020/03/31/coronavirus-video-resources-for-media-outlets/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2020/03/13/coronavirus-video-resources-for-media-outlets/" } ], "question": "So has a new test has been developed?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "the last two of 16 makeshift hospitals that had been set up in Wuhan to combat the new coronavirus outbreak were closed on 10th March 2020.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200402222458/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/mar/10/wuhan-closes-last-makeshift-coronavirus-hospital-video", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200402222458/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/mar/10/wuhan-closes-last-makeshift-coronavirus-hospital-video" } ], "question": "How many corona virus hospitals are open in Wuhan, China?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Correct. On 10 March 2020, the last two of 16 makeshift hospitals that had been set up in Wuhan to combat the new coronavirus outbreak were closed. On 18 March 2020, no new Covid-19 cases were reported in the province of Hubei (of which Wuhan is the capital) for the first time since the beginning of the outbreak. Very few cases have been officially reported in Hubei since this date and travel restrictions have begun to be relaxed in the area.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200402222458/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/mar/10/wuhan-closes-last-makeshift-coronavirus-hospital-video", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200402222458/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/mar/10/wuhan-closes-last-makeshift-coronavirus-hospital-video" } ], "question": "Did China has closed down its last coronavirus hospital as there were not enough new cases to support them ?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "As part of a stimulus package aimed at relieving the economy during the coronavirus pandemic, the Trump administration wants to send cash to Americans. That means you could get a check for $1,000 or more in the coming weeks, an idea that has drawn bipartisan support since Sen. Mitt Romney, R-Utah, called for every American adult to get a check for that amount \"immediately.\"\n\nBut as Congress hammers out the details, there’s no discussion of weekly $700 checks, as a recent Facebook post claims.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210213211031/https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=3015382625194292&set=a.140236026042314&type=3&theater", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210213211031/https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=3015382625194292&set=a.140236026042314&type=3&theater" } ], "question": "Are US citizens entitled to a stay-at-home allowance?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Facebook", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Where did the claim appear?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It directs readers to a link, saying they should read the \"full article here on how to claim\" the money. But the link leads to an image of a gorilla giving the middle finger.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "If the user clicked on the link what did they see?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Using the CDC figures for Week 4 to Week 11 of 2020, there were 4530 deaths attributed to influenza.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524050743/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/index.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/index.htm" } ], "question": "How many deaths from Flu were there in America, in the period January to March 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200407160025/https://www.facebook.com/skmch/posts/10157411476712029", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200407160025/https://www.facebook.com/skmch/posts/10157411476712029" } ], "question": "Which hospital is alleged to have done this?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "They have denied the claims.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200407160025/https://www.facebook.com/skmch/posts/10157411476712029", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200407160025/https://www.facebook.com/skmch/posts/10157411476712029" } ], "question": "Did the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre charge people for free tests?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "United States?", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Which country's election does the claim refer to?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "WCIA-TV", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Which tv news program does the claim say aired these so called rigged election results?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "WCIA aired election rehearsals during the Price is Right on Monday, March 16.\nThe vote totals are only test numbers and were zeroed out following the rehearsal.\n\nThis was an error, and in no way reflected the results of Tuesday night’s Illinois Primary Election. Management apologized for any confusion or inconvenience.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200910121238/https://www.wcia.com/news/election-rehearsal-airs-in-error/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200910121238/https://www.wcia.com/news/election-rehearsal-airs-in-error/" } ], "question": "Did WCIA-TV air incorrect election results?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "mock-up was for the United States President race along with the U.S. Senate race. The lower graphic scrolling on the bottom of the screen included some other local races.\n\nThe vote totals are only test numbers and were zeroed out following the rehearsal.\n\nThis was an error", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200910121238/https://www.wcia.com/news/election-rehearsal-airs-in-error/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200910121238/https://www.wcia.com/news/election-rehearsal-airs-in-error/" } ], "question": "Was these results evidence of a rigged election?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Britney Whitley", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Who made this claim" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Lead stories debunked it as a hoax", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141350/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/03/fact-check-all-us-citizens-are-not-entitled-to-700-dollars-to-stay-at-home-to-avoid-spread-of-coronavirus.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/03/fact-check-all-us-citizens-are-not-entitled-to-700-dollars-to-stay-at-home-to-avoid-spread-of-coronavirus.html" } ], "question": "what does Lead stories say about this?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Lead Stories is a fact checking website that is always looking for the latest false, deceptive or inaccurate stories (or media) making the rounds on the internet.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141350/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/03/fact-check-all-us-citizens-are-not-entitled-to-700-dollars-to-stay-at-home-to-avoid-spread-of-coronavirus.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/03/fact-check-all-us-citizens-are-not-entitled-to-700-dollars-to-stay-at-home-to-avoid-spread-of-coronavirus.html" } ], "question": "What kind of website is lead stories?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Some medical experts believe ibuprofen’s anti-inflammatory properties could dampen the immune system’s response to fighting off COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210714065709/https://checkout.fundjournalism.org/memberform?org_id=politifact&campaign=7011L000001NN92QAG", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210714065709/https://checkout.fundjournalism.org/memberform?org_id=politifact&campaign=7011L000001NN92QAG" } ], "question": "what problems can ibuprofen bring to health?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "professionals say that there’s no scientific evidence that links ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory medications with COVID-19 complications.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210714065709/https://www.bbc.com/news/51929628", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210714065709/https://www.bbc.com/news/51929628" } ], "question": "is there any scientific link between covid complications and ibuprofen" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "March 16 2020.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What was the date of the claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In earlyt March 2020 The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. (worldwide spread)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515072922/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/11/health/coronavirus-pandemic-world-health-organization/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/11/health/coronavirus-pandemic-world-health-organization/index.html" } ], "question": "What health situation was happening in the U.S around March 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The cdc offered guidelines on How to Protect Yourself and Others", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524005144/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html" } ], "question": "Was the U.S offering any advice to the public that might stop them needing hospital treatment?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In a March 12 op-ed in the New York Times, health policy experts pointed out that the nation has insufficient hospital beds, even if only 5% of the country contracted the illness at that time the United States had fewer than 800,000 hospital beds, about 68,000 adult intensive care unit beds of any kind, and, even with the strategic reserve, fewer than 100,000 ventilators. As the coronavirus spread, this would not be enough.\n\nIf even 5 percent of the 325 million people living in America got Covid-19, the data suggested that 20 percent of them — 3.2 million people — would require hospitalization and 6 percent — 960,000 people — would require beds in intensive care units for many days. Covid-19 patients would have simply overwhelmed the health care system.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210729185927/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/opinion/coronavirus-hospital-shortage.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210729185927/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/opinion/coronavirus-hospital-shortage.html" } ], "question": "Did America have the health resources to deal with the coronavirus pandemic" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "As the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 spreads across the United States, there are continuing concerns among hospitals, public health experts and government leaders that hospital intensive care units would be hard-pressed to handle a surge in seriously ill patients.\n\nA key limiting factor to being able to provide good care, they say, is the number of ventilation machines — ventilators — a hospital has on hand to help the most seriously ill patients breathe.\n\n\"The coronavirus, like many respiratory viruses, can cause inflammation in the lungs,\" explains Dr. William Graham Carlos a pulmonary critical care specialist at Indiana University School of Medicine \"And when the lungs become inflamed, the membranes that transfer oxygen from the air into the blood become blocked.\"\n\nWhen patients develop this type of viral pneumonia, they often require bedside ventilators which, Carlos says \"can supply higher levels of oxygen and also help push air into the lungs to open them up, and afford more opportunity to get oxygen into the patient.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413124116/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/14/815675678/as-the-pandemic-spreads-will-there-be-enough-ventilators", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/14/815675678/as-the-pandemic-spreads-will-there-be-enough-ventilators" } ], "question": "Does the US health care system have adequate ventilators, ICU beds, medical professionals ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The World Health Organization has warned that severe and mounting disruption to the global supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) – caused by rising demand, panic buying, hoarding and misuse – is putting lives at risk from the new coronavirus and other infectious diseases.\n\nHealthcare workers rely on personal protective equipment to protect themselves and their patients from being infected and infecting others.\n\nBut shortages are leaving doctors, nurses and other frontline workers dangerously ill-equipped to care for COVID-19 patients, due to limited access to supplies such as gloves, medical masks, respirators, goggles, face shields, gowns, and aprons.\n\n“Without secure supply chains, the risk to healthcare workers around the world is real. Industry and governments must act quickly to boost supply, ease export restrictions and put measures in place to stop speculation and hoarding. We can’t stop COVID-19 without protecting health workers first,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.\n\nSince the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, prices have surged. Surgical masks have seen a sixfold increase, N95 respirators have trebled and gowns have doubled.\n\nSupplies can take months to deliver and market manipulation is widespread, with stocks frequently sold to the highest bidder.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230510173216/https://www.who.int/news/item/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news/item/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide" } ], "question": "Is there a Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide ?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The colored side of the mask is usually the front and should face away from you, while the white side touches your face.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230510030435/https://www.sfcdcp.org/communicable-disease/healthy-habits/how-to-put-on-and-remove-a-face-mask/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.sfcdcp.org/communicable-disease/healthy-habits/how-to-put-on-and-remove-a-face-mask/" } ], "question": "How should a disposable mask be worn?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No this is not true.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Has United Emirates completed mass arrests of their Royal Family and affiliates?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A Super PAC is a new type of political action committee (PAC) created by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) through the advisory opinion process and in response to landmark court cases like Citizens United, which opened the door for corporations to make independent expenditures in connection with federal elections.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211120172047/https://www.wiley.law/newsletter-3971", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.wiley.law/newsletter-3971" }, { "answer": "A Super PAC may accept unlimited individual and corporate contributions for the sole purpose of making independent expenditures supporting or opposing federal candidates.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141734/https://www.wiley.law/newsletter-3971", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.wiley.law/newsletter-3971" }, { "answer": "Unlike traditional PACs, a Super PAC may not make direct contributions to candidates or other political committees.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141734/https://www.wiley.law/newsletter-3971", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.wiley.law/newsletter-3971" } ], "question": "What is a super pac?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Bernie Sanders is the longest-serving independent in Congressional history, currently serving in the U.S. Senate.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230331071119/https://feelthebern.org/who-is-bernie-sanders/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://feelthebern.org/who-is-bernie-sanders/" } ], "question": "Who is Bernie Sanders?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Bernie Sanders denounces billionaire-funded Super Pacs (political action committees) and secret campaign contributions,", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230507143757/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35364868", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35364868" }, { "answer": "He does have a non-profit political organisation called 'Our Revolution' that operates similarly to a Super Pac", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230507143757/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35364868", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35364868" } ], "question": "Does Bernie Sanders use any super pac's for campaign funding?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Biden is right about his efforts in New York, despite Sanders’ suggestion that Biden has only \"come around\" to supporting a $15 hourly minimum wage \"since the campaign.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Did Joe Biden say, \"I went out and campaigned for (raising the minimum wage) … $15 an hour in New York City. Go talk to the governor.\"?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "no evidence to support.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210108051117/https://factcheck.aap.com.au/social-media-claims/no-evidence-2019-coronavirus-came-from-a-chinese-lab", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210108051117/https://factcheck.aap.com.au/social-media-claims/no-evidence-2019-coronavirus-came-from-a-chinese-lab" } ], "question": "Did Covid-19 start in a lab?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "At time of claim there was no vaccine so no mandatory requirement.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201231062939/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2237742-how-soon-will-we-have-a-coronavirus-vaccine-the-race-against-covid-19/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201231062939/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2237742-how-soon-will-we-have-a-coronavirus-vaccine-the-race-against-covid-19/" } ], "question": "Is there a mass mandatory vaccination agenda?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Several major airports remain open in Italy, according to the Australian Smart Traveller website. Milan’s airport (Milano Malpensa) was listing planes inbound as of March 20.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.ph/rhEXQ", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/rhEXQ" } ], "question": "Were all of Italy's Airports shutdown due to covid at the time of the claim?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "\"In October 2008, Congress approved the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP).\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314210000/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/joe-biden-gets-bernie-sanders-votes-wrong-auto-bai/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/joe-biden-gets-bernie-sanders-votes-wrong-auto-bai/" }, { "answer": "In December 2008, Congress tried to pass a separate $14 billion bailout program specifically for the auto industry but the measure failed in the Senate.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314210000/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/joe-biden-gets-bernie-sanders-votes-wrong-auto-bai/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/joe-biden-gets-bernie-sanders-votes-wrong-auto-bai/" } ], "question": "Which bailout was Biden referring to?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "\"Sanders voted against a set of funds that financed most of the auto bailout, but the funds’ primary purpose was bailing out Wall Street firms, which Sanders strongly opposed.\"", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314210000/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/joe-biden-gets-bernie-sanders-votes-wrong-auto-bai/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/joe-biden-gets-bernie-sanders-votes-wrong-auto-bai/" } ], "question": "Did Sanders vote in support of the TARP?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "\"Sanders voted in favor of a standalone meausre providing auto companies with $14 billion, which was separate from the Wall Street bailout funds he opposed.\"", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314210000/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/joe-biden-gets-bernie-sanders-votes-wrong-auto-bai/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/joe-biden-gets-bernie-sanders-votes-wrong-auto-bai/" } ], "question": "Did Sanders vote in support of the December 2008 bailout proposal?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Bernie Sanders", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Who spoke the claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Joe Biden", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Who was he speaking of?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Joe Biden did say in 1995, \"When I argued that we should freeze federal spending, I meant Social Security as well. I meant Medicare and Medicaid. I meant veteran’s benefits. I meant every single solitary thing in the", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210303051053/https://www.congress.gov/104/crec/1995/01/31/CREC-1995-01-31-pt1-PgS1806-2.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210303051053/https://www.congress.gov/104/crec/1995/01/31/CREC-1995-01-31-pt1-PgS1806-2.pdf" } ], "question": "Is the claim that Joe Biden wanted to cut Social Security benefits?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The coronavirus pandemic could soon force American physicians to face a tragic challenge — rationing medical care as the number of ill patients overwhelms the supplies, space and staff available in hospitals.\n\nToday, the United States has fewer than 800,000 hospital beds, about 68,000 adult intensive care unit beds of any kind, and, even with the strategic reserve, fewer than 100,000 ventilators. As the coronavirus spreads, this will not be enough.\n\nIf even 5 percent of the 325 million people living in America get Covid-19, the current data suggests that 20 percent of them — 3.2 million people — will require hospitalization and 6 percent — 960,000 people — will require beds in intensive care units for many days. Covid-19 patients will simply overwhelm our health care system.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210301004955/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/opinion/coronavirus-hospital-shortage.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210301004955/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/opinion/coronavirus-hospital-shortage.html" }, { "answer": "The impact of a COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals is expected to be severe in the best of circumstances. Currently, US hospitals routinely operate at or near full capacity and have limited ability to rapidly increase services.\nIn recent years, there has been a reduction in the overall number of hospitals, hospital beds, and emergency rooms. The provision of medical services to both COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 patients may be adversely affected in most communities…. there are about 46,500 medical ICU beds in the United States and perhaps an equal number of other ICU beds that could be used in a crisis. Even spread out over several months, the mismatch between demand and resources is clear.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210302122559/https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/cbn/2020/cbnreport-02272020.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210302122559/https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/cbn/2020/cbnreport-02272020.html" } ], "question": "What is the assessment of health experts regarding the capability of the US healthcare system to handle the number of people who could be infected with the coronavirus?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There are currently shortages of healthcare workers of all kinds. Emergency departments are overcrowded and often have to divert patients to other hospitals.\nDuring an epidemic, the healthcare workforce would be greatly reduced. Healthcare workers would face a high risk of infection because of contact with infected patients; many would need to stay home to care for sick relatives, and, in the absence of vaccine, others might fear coming to work lest they bring a lethal infection home to their families.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210302122559/https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/cbn/2020/cbnreport-02272020.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210302122559/https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/cbn/2020/cbnreport-02272020.html" } ], "question": "Was there a lack of medical personnel in the US at the time the claim was made in March 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "June 26, 2009", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230522124530/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_United_States", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_United_States" } ], "question": "Who wrote the first climate change bill that made it to congress" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Did Joe Biden write the bill" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No the news is a hoax.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210724075727/https://raskrinkavanje.ba/analiza/ne-ronaldo-ne-pretvara-svoje-hotele-u-bolnice-za-koronavirus", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210724075727/https://raskrinkavanje.ba/analiza/ne-ronaldo-ne-pretvara-svoje-hotele-u-bolnice-za-koronavirus" } ], "question": "Has Ronaldo turned any of his CR7 Hotels into covid-19 hospitals?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "He posted on twitter that he was in isolation with his wife because he tested positive for Covid-19", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200619013003/http://archive.is/EWoYX", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200619013003/http://archive.is/EWoYX" } ], "question": "Did the Australian authorities arrest Tom Hanks for Paedophilia" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The claim that Canada’s Justin Trudeau has been arrested is false.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Did Canadian prime minster Justin Trudeau serve a criminal indictment by the U.S. for corporate and financial crimes?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "He was at home self isolating while his wife tested positive for coronavirus. He gave a press conference from the front of his house.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230426130819/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/16/justin-trudeau-closes-canada-borders-coronavirus", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/16/justin-trudeau-closes-canada-borders-coronavirus" } ], "question": "What did Justin Trudeau do on March 16th 2020?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Hyde amendment is: \"restricting Medicaid abortions under the annual appropriations for the Department of Health and Human\nServices. \"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210318000211/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33467#page=2", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210318000211/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33467#page=2" } ], "question": "What is the Hyde Amendment?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "How has Bernie Sanders voted on the Hyde Amendment?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Sanders' Medicare-for-all plan would make abortion free to all patients, effectively making the Hyde Amendment moot. “Abortion rights are part of what Medicare-for-all is,” he said at the Planned Parenthood forum.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230511014709/https://www.vox.com/2019/6/22/18693279/abortion-rights-2020-democrats-hyde-amendment-roe", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.vox.com/2019/6/22/18693279/abortion-rights-2020-democrats-hyde-amendment-roe" } ], "question": "Does Sanders support banning federal dollars from being used to pay for most abortions?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "look, sometimes, you -- in a large bill, you have to\n\nvote for things you don't like. But I think my record as being literally 100 percent", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022506/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1906/09/sotu.01.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022506/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1906/09/sotu.01.html" } ], "question": "What has sanders said about his voting record on the Hyde amendment?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "He has voted 100% pro choice.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022506/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1906/09/sotu.01.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022506/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1906/09/sotu.01.html" } ], "question": "Has sanders voting record been consistent as he claimed?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The prime minister has made speeches and interviews and has not been indicted.", "cached_source_url": "https://archive.ph/xea77", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/xea77" } ], "question": "Was the Australian prime minister served a criminal indictment?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Republican Sen. Mitt Romney of Utah on Monday (March 16, 2020) outlined a list of proposals to address the coronavirus outbreak, including giving all American adults $1,000 in response to fallout from the spread of the disease.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526142237/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/politics/coronavirus-romney-proposal/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/politics/coronavirus-romney-proposal/index.html" } ], "question": "How much did US Senator Mitt Romney propose to give each American to ensure economic stability?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The claim was published on March 15, 2020.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What was the date of the social media post which claimed Americans were to be given a US $1000 stimulus cheque?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The House passed by unanimous consent Monday evening (16/03/2020) the revised coronavirus emergency bill, sending it to the Senate to take up...", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526142342/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/16/senate-coronavirus-emergency-package-131465", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/16/senate-coronavirus-emergency-package-131465" } ], "question": "When did the U.S. House pass the revised coronavirus emergency bill?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The social media claim was dated 15/05/2020.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What date did the social media post claim that Americans were to be given emergency food stamps?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to CNN, Republican Sen. Mitt Romney has suggested giving each American adult $1,000, to ensure economic stability. However, this is merely a proposal and has not been taken up by Congress.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723092322/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/politics/coronavirus-romney-proposal/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723092322/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/politics/coronavirus-romney-proposal/index.html" } ], "question": "Was Mitt Romneys $1000 stimulus taken up by congress?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, there is no mention of this in the CNN article or in results shown when side searching.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723092322/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/politics/coronavirus-romney-proposal/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723092322/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/politics/coronavirus-romney-proposal/index.html" } ], "question": "Did Mitt Romney propose providing $500 in food stamps as part of Covid19 support?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A guide for the public was produced by WHO", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518041649/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public" } ], "question": "What was the medical advice about coronavirus in March 2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "WHO has published myth-busters.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524024428/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters" } ], "question": "Has WHO addressed claims about coronavirus remedies?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There is some limited evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline can help people recover more quickly from the common cold. However, regularly rinsing the nose has not been shown to prevent respiratory infections.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524024428/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters" } ], "question": "Does the WHO myth-buster address claims about saline solutions?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The men said the company had simply refused to release design files, forcing them to reverse-engineer the valve", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200404141820/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/17/21184308/coronavirus-italy-medical-3d-print-valves-treatments", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200404141820/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/17/21184308/coronavirus-italy-medical-3d-print-valves-treatments" } ], "question": "Did two men make respiratory valves from a patented company" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Manufacturing company Intersurgical says it had no intention of making a threat and have decided to categorically not threaten to sue anyone involved", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200404141820/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/17/21184308/coronavirus-italy-medical-3d-print-valves-treatments", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200404141820/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/17/21184308/coronavirus-italy-medical-3d-print-valves-treatments" } ], "question": "What action did the company intend to take on the two men who reverse engineered the respiratory valves" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "They said they were not threatened", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200404141820/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/17/21184308/coronavirus-italy-medical-3d-print-valves-treatments", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200404141820/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/17/21184308/coronavirus-italy-medical-3d-print-valves-treatments" } ], "question": "Did the men receive any threats of being sued by the company" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The story was first published by a site called Obama Watcher", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201224134350/https://obamawatcher.com/2020/03/michelles-fake-degrees/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201224134350/https://obamawatcher.com/2020/03/michelles-fake-degrees/" } ], "question": "where was the claim first published" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Obamawatcher.com is a subsidiary of the “America’s Last Line of Defense” network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery, or as Snopes called it before they lost their war on satire: Junk News", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201223134110/https://obamawatcher.com/sample-page/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201223134110/https://obamawatcher.com/sample-page/" } ], "question": "What kind of site is Obama Watcher" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "\"It is in the mainstream of epidemiologic analysis and modeling, and quite clearly written,\" said Richard Hopkins, a retired epidemiologist living in Vermont, in an email. \"Knowledgeable people might argue with some of the details, but this strikes me as an honest document, and does not have any evident agenda other than improving the public's health.\"", "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Did a story published by Tomas Pueyo about the grave threat posed by the new coronavirus overstate the threat?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Can gargling warm water with salt or vinegar eliminate COVID-19?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "No, gargling warm water with salt or vinegar is not listed as an effective treatment for COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO).", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210627234441/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210627234441/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19" } ], "question": "Is gargling warm water with salt or vinegar listed as an effective treatment for COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO)?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Salt Water Gargle\n\nGargling salt water can offer some much needed relief when you’re suffering from a sore throat. The salt works to remove mucus from your inflamed tissue. A salt water gargle can be made by mixing 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of salt to 8 ounces of warm water. You can do this a few times a day as needed. \n\nApple Cider Vinegar \n\nThere are a few different ways to use apple cider vinegar to soothe your sore throat. You can create an apple cider vinegar gargle by mixing 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar with ½ teaspoon of salt and 8 ounces of warm water. Another way to use apple cider vinegar is to mix it with honey and warm water. It can also be used in teas, with green tea or licorice root tea.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526142616/https://www.breatheclearinstitute.com/blog/treatment/home-remedies-for-relieving-a-sore-throat", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.breatheclearinstitute.com/blog/treatment/home-remedies-for-relieving-a-sore-throat" } ], "question": "What are the benefits of gargling warm water with salt or vinegar?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "23 March 2020", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When was the claim made?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "While some western, traditional or home remedies may provide comfort and\nalleviate symptoms of mild COVID-19, there are no medicines that have been\nshown to prevent or cure the disease. WHO does not recommend self-medication with any medicines, including antibiotics, as a prevention or cure for COVID-19.\nHowever, there are several ongoing clinical trials of both western and traditional\nmedicines. WHO is coordinating efforts to develop vaccines and medicines to\nprevent and treat COVID-19 and will continue to provide updated information as\nsoon as research results become available.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220831233736/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/social-determinants-of-health/covid19-advice-older-adults-qandas-cleared.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/social-determinants-of-health/covid19-advice-older-adults-qandas-cleared.pdf" } ], "question": "Has treatment been found to treat COVID-19 as of the 23rd of March 2020?" } ]