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19125595

10.1002/elan.200804352

Metolazone is a diuretic agent used in patients with edematous states and/or hypertension. The electrochemical behavior of metolazone on a glassy carbon electrode was investigated using cyclic, differential pulse, and square-wave voltammetry at different pHs. The pH dependent oxidation of metolazone occurs in two consecutive steps in a diffusion-controlled mechanism and involves the formation of a main oxidation product. The first oxidation process is reversible, and involves two electrons and two protons corresponding to the oxidation of nitrogen in the sulfonamide moiety. The second oxidation process is irreversible, also occurs in the sulfonamide moiety, involves a one electron-transfer, and is followed by deprotonation to produce a cation radical, which reacts with water and yields a hydroxylated product. The diffusion coefficient of metolazone was calculated to be 3.43×10-6 cm2 s-1 in pH 7.0 0.1 M phosphate buffer.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20080435

Electrochemical Oxidation of Metolazone at a Glassy Carbon Electrode

electrochemical oxidation of metolazone at a glassy carbon electrode

metolazone diuretic agent edematous hypertension. electrochemical metolazone glassy electrode cyclic voltammetry phs. oxidation metolazone consecutive involves oxidation product. oxidation reversible involves protons oxidation nitrogen sulfonamide moiety. oxidation irreversible sulfonamide moiety involves deprotonation cation radical reacts hydroxylated product. metolazone phosphate buffer. elan.

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19126067

10.1007/s11095-007-9367-4

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the pharmacological activity of insulin-loaded alginate/chitosan nanoparticles following oral dosage in diabetic rats. Methods Nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic pre-gelation of an alginate core followed by chitosan polyelectrolyte complexation. In vivo activity was evaluated by measuring the decrease in blood glucose concentrations in streptozotocin induced, diabetic rats after oral administration and flourescein (FITC)-labelled insulin tracked by confocal microscopy. Results Nanoparticles were negatively charged and had a mean size of 750 nm, suitable for uptake within the gastrointestinal tract due to their nanosize range and mucoadhesive properties. The insulin association efficiency was over 70% and insulin was released in a pH-dependent manner under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Orally delivered nanoparticles lowered basal serum glucose levels by more than 40% with 50 and 100 IU/kg doses sustaining hypoglycemia for over 18 h. Pharmacological availability was 6.8 and 3.4% for the 50 and 100 IU/kg doses respectively, a significant increase over 1.6%, determined for oral insulin alone in solution and over other related studies at the same dose levels. Confocal microscopic examinations of FITC-labelled insulin nanoparticles showed clear adhesion to rat intestinal epithelium, and internalization of insulin within the intestinal mucosa. Conclusion The results indicate that the encapsulation of insulin into mucoadhesive nanoparticles was a key factor in the improvement of its oral absorption and oral bioactivity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-007-9367-

Alginate/Chitosan Nanoparticles are Effective for Oral Insulin Delivery

alginate/chitosan nanoparticles are effective for oral insulin delivery

pharmacological insulin loaded alginate chitosan nanoparticles oral dosage diabetic rats. nanoparticles ionotropic gelation alginate chitosan polyelectrolyte complexation. measuring glucose streptozotocin diabetic rats oral administration flourescein fitc labelled insulin tracked confocal microscopy. nanoparticles negatively uptake gastrointestinal tract nanosize mucoadhesive properties. insulin insulin released manner gastrointestinal conditions. orally delivered nanoparticles lowered basal glucose doses sustaining hypoglycemia pharmacological availability doses oral insulin levels. confocal microscopic examinations fitc labelled insulin nanoparticles adhesion intestinal epithelium internalization insulin intestinal mucosa. encapsulation insulin mucoadhesive nanoparticles oral oral bioactivity.

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2092725

10.1103/PhysRevD.81.014506

We analyze which momentum component of the gluon field induces spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in lattice QCD. After removing the high-momentum or low-momentum component of the gluon field, we calculate the chiral condensate and observe the roles of these momentum components. The chiral condensate is found to be drastically reduced by removing the zero-momentum gluon. The reduction is about 40% of the total in our calculation condition. The nonzero-momentum infrared gluon also has a sizable contribution to the chiral condensate. From the Banks-Casher relation, this result reflects the nontrivial relation between the infrared gluon and the zero-mode quark

Relevant gluonic energy scale of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking from lattice QCD

relevant gluonic energy scale of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking from lattice qcd

analyze gluon induces spontaneous chiral breaking qcd. removing gluon chiral condensate roles components. chiral condensate drastically removing gluon. condition. nonzero infrared gluon sizable chiral condensate. banks casher reflects nontrivial infrared gluon

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25030885

10.1007/JHEP10(2014)009

We briefly review why the non-linear realisation of the semi-direct product of a group with one of its representations leads to a field theory defined on a generalised space-time equipped with a generalised vielbein. We give formulae, which only involve matrix multiplication, for the generalised vielbein, the Cartan forms and their transformations. We consider the generalised space-time introduced in 2003 in the context of the non-linear realisation of the semi-direct product of E(11) and its first fundamental representation. For this latter theory we give explicit expressions for the generalised vielbein up to and including the levels associated with the dual graviton in four, five and eleven dimensions and for the IIB theory in ten dimensions. We also compute the generalised vielbein, up to the analogous level, for the non-linear realisation of the semi-direct product of very extended SL(2) with its first fundamental representation, which is a theory associated with gravity in four dimensions.Comment: 42 page

Generalised vielbeins and non-linear realisations

generalised vielbeins and non-linear realisations

briefly realisation representations generalised equipped generalised vielbein. formulae involve multiplication generalised vielbein cartan transformations. generalised realisation representation. expressions generalised vielbein graviton eleven dimensions. generalised vielbein analogous realisation

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25255879

10.1103/PhysRevA.60.1482

An exact theory for the density of a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with hard core particle interactions is developed in second quantization and applied to the scattering of the condensate by a spatially periodic impulse potential. The boson problem is mapped onto a system of free fermions obeying the Pauli exclusion principle to facilitate the calculation. The density exhibits a spatial focusing of the probability density as well as a periodic self-imaging in time, or Talbot effect. Furthermore, the transition from single particle to many body effects can be measured by observing the decay of the modulated condensate density pattern in time. The connection of these results to classical and atom optical phase gratings is made explicit

Talbot Oscillations and Periodic Focusing in a One-Dimensional Condensate

talbot oscillations and periodic focusing in a one-dimensional condensate

bose einstein condensate quantization condensate spatially impulse potential. boson mapped fermions obeying pauli exclusion facilitate calculation. exhibits focusing talbot effect. observing modulated condensate time. connection atom gratings

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2643226

10.1103/PhysRevE.75.026307

A good representation of mesoscopic fluids is required to combine with molecular simulations at larger length and time scales (De Fabritiis {\it et. al}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 134501 (2006)). However, accurate computational models of the hydrodynamics of nanoscale molecular assemblies are lacking, at least in part because of the stochastic character of the underlying fluctuating hydrodynamic equations. Here we derive a finite volume discretization of the compressible isothermal fluctuating hydrodynamic equations over a regular grid in the Eulerian reference system. We apply it to fluids such as argon at arbitrary densities and water under ambient conditions. To that end, molecular dynamics simulations are used to derive the required fluid properties. The equilibrium state of the model is shown to be thermodynamically consistent and correctly reproduces linear hydrodynamics including relaxation of sound and shear modes. We also consider non-equilibrium states involving diffusion and convection in cavities with no-slip boundary conditions

Fluctuating hydrodynamic modelling of fluids at the nanoscale

fluctuating hydrodynamic modelling of fluids at the nanoscale

mesoscopic fluids combine fabritiis phys. rev. lett. hydrodynamics nanoscale assemblies lacking stochastic character fluctuating hydrodynamic equations. derive discretization compressible isothermal fluctuating hydrodynamic eulerian system. fluids argon densities ambient conditions. derive properties. thermodynamically correctly reproduces hydrodynamics relaxation sound modes. involving convection cavities slip

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29137433

10.1002/app.38925

Several carbon-black filled styrene-butadiene rubbers are subjected to monotonic uniaxial tension tests in order to investi-gate the effects of the amount of fillers and of the crosslink density on their mechanical properties. The Young modulus, the volume changes associated with material damage and the stretch to failure are extracted and discussed. Results compare well to the literature results when exist and quantitative analysis are proposed when possible. Results show that filled rubbers are not incompressible when submitted to uniaxial tension tests and their volume changes are strongly dependent of the amount of fillers but are unaffected by the crosslink density. The latter shows strong impact on the filled rubbers stretch to failure but more interestingly this impact is com-parable to what is encountered in unfilled rubbers. The stretch to failure is improved by the addition of fillers with an optimum for material filled around 30 phr

Effects of the Amount of Fillers and of the Crosslink Density on the Mechanical Behavior of Carbon-Black Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubbers

effects of the amount of fillers and of the crosslink density on the mechanical behavior of carbon-black filled styrene butadiene rubbers

filled styrene butadiene rubbers subjected monotonic uniaxial tension investi gate fillers crosslink properties. modulus stretch discussed. possible. filled rubbers incompressible submitted uniaxial tension fillers unaffected crosslink density. filled rubbers stretch interestingly parable encountered unfilled rubbers. stretch fillers optimum filled

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29138019

10.1007/s11249-012-0010-0

The tactile information about object surfaces is obtained through perceived contact stresses and frictioninduced vibrations generated by the relative motion between the fingertip and the touched object. The friction forces affect the skin stress-state distribution during surface scanning, while the sliding contact generates vibrations that propagate in the finger skin activating the receptors (mechanoreceptors) and allowing the brain to identify objects and perceive information about their properties. In this article, the friction coefficient between a real human finger and both rigid surfaces and fabrics is retrieved as a function of the contact parameters (load and scanning speed). Then, the analysis of the vibration spectra is carried out to investigate the features of the induced vibrations, measured on the fingernail, as a function of surface textures and contact parameters. While the friction coefficient measurements on rigid surfaces agree with empirical laws found in literature, the behaviour of the friction coefficient when touching a fabric is more complex, and is mainly the function of the textile constructional properties. Results show that frequency spectrum distribution, when touching a rigid surface, is mainly determined by the relative geometry of the two contact surfaces and by the contact parameters. On the contrary, when scanning a fabric, the structure and the deformation of the textile itself largely affect the spectrum of the induced vibration. Finally, some major features of the measured vibrations (frequency distribution and amplitude) are found to be representative of tactile perception compared to psychophysical and neurophysiologic works in literature

Contact of a Finger on Rigid Surfaces and Textiles: Friction Coefficient and Induced Vibrations

contact of a finger on rigid surfaces and textiles: friction coefficient and induced vibrations

tactile perceived stresses frictioninduced vibrations fingertip touched object. friction forces scanning sliding generates vibrations propagate finger activating receptors mechanoreceptors allowing perceive properties. friction finger rigid fabrics retrieved scanning vibration vibrations fingernail textures parameters. friction rigid agree laws friction touching fabric textile constructional properties. touching rigid parameters. contrary scanning fabric deformation textile largely vibration. vibrations tactile perception psychophysical neurophysiologic

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30341422

10.1063/1.4798786

We study initial boundary value problems for the convective Cahn-Hilliard equation $\Dt u +\px^4u +u\px u+\px^2(|u|^pu)=0$. It is well-known that without the convective term, the solutions of this equation may blow up in finite time for any $p>0$. In contrast to that, we show that the presence of the convective term $u\px u$ in the Cahn-Hilliard equation prevents blow up at least for $0<p<\frac49$. We also show that the blowing up solutions still exist if $p$ is large enough ($p\ge2$). The related equations like Kolmogorov-Sivashinsky-Spiegel equation, sixth order convective Cahn-Hilliard equation, are also considered

Global solvability and blow up for the convective Cahn-Hilliard equations with concave potentials

global solvability and blow up for the convective cahn-hilliard equations with concave potentials

convective cahn hilliard convective blow convective cahn hilliard prevents blow frac blowing kolmogorov sivashinsky spiegel sixth convective cahn hilliard

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33173432

10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:3(405)

This paper deals with the assessment of the contribution of the second bending mode to the dynamic behavior of simply supported railway bridges. Traditionally the contributions of modes higher than the fundamental have been considered of little importance for the computation of the magnitudes of interest to structural engineers (vertical deflections, bending moments, etc.). Starting from the dimensionless equations of motion of a simply supported beam subjected to moving loads, the key parameters governing the dynamic behavior are identified. Then, a parametric study over realistic ranges of values of those parameters is conducted, and the influence of the second mode examined in detail. The main purpose is to decide whether the second mode should be taken into account for the determination of the maximum displacement and acceleration in high-speed bridges. In addition, the reasons that cause the contribution of the second bending mode to be relevant in some situations are highlighted, particularly with regard to the computation of the maximum acceleration

Influence of the Second Bending Mode on the Response of High-Speed Bridges at Resonance

influence of the second bending mode on the response of high-speed bridges at resonance

deals bending railway bridges. traditionally magnitudes engineers deflections bending moments etc. dimensionless subjected moving loads governing identified. parametric realistic ranges detail. decide displacement acceleration bridges. reasons bending situations highlighted regard acceleration

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35085265

10.1007/JHEP12(2014)125

The recent LHCb angular analysis of the exclusive decay B → K * μ + μ − has indicated significant deviations from the Standard Model expectations. Accurate predictions can be achieved at large K * -meson recoil for an optimised set of observables designed to have no sensitivity to hadronic input in the heavy-quark limit at leading order in α s . However, hadronic uncertainties reappear through non-perturbative Λ QCD /m b power corrections, which must be assessed precisely. In the framework of QCD factorisation we present a systematic method to include factorisable power corrections and point out that their impact on angular observables depends on the scheme chosen to define the soft form factors. Associated uncertainties are found to be under control, contrary to earlier claims in the literature. We also discuss the impact of possible non-factorisable power corrections, including an estimate of charm-loop effects. We provide results for angular observables at large recoil for two different sets of inputs for the form factors, spelling out the different sources of theoretical uncertainties. Finally, we comment on a recent proposal to explain the anomaly in B → K * μ + μ − observables through charm-resonance effects, and we propose strategies to test this proposal identifying observables and kinematic regions where either the charm-loop model can be disentangled from New Physics effects or the two options leave different imprints

On the impact of power corrections in the prediction of B → K * μ + μ − observables

on the impact of power corrections in the prediction of b → k * μ + μ − observables

lhcb exclusive deviations expectations. meson recoil optimised observables hadronic hadronic reappear perturbative precisely. factorisation factorisable observables factors. contrary claims literature. factorisable charm effects. observables recoil inputs spelling uncertainties. comment proposal anomaly observables charm propose proposal identifying observables kinematic charm disentangled options leave imprints

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35088931

10.1007/JHEP07(2015)050

We construct numerically gravitational duals of theories deformed by localized Dirac delta sources for scalar operators both at zero and at finite temperature. We find that requiring that the backreacted geometry preserves the original scale invariance of the source uniquely determines the potential for the scalar field to be the one found in a certain Kaluza-Klein compactification of 11 D supergravity. This result is obtained using an efficient perturbative expansion of the backreacted background at zero temperature and is confirmed by a direct numerical computation. Numerical solutions at finite temperatures are obtained and a detailed discussion of the numerical approach to the treatment of the Dirac delta sources is presented. The physics of defect configurations is illustrated with a calculation of entanglement entropy

Conformal defects in supergravity — backreacted Dirac delta sources

conformal defects in supergravity — backreacted dirac delta sources

numerically gravitational duals deformed localized dirac delta temperature. requiring backreacted preserves invariance uniquely determines kaluza klein compactification supergravity. perturbative backreacted confirmed computation. dirac delta presented. defect configurations illustrated entanglement

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35093018

10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00552-X

The concept of non-abelian horizontal symmetry $SU(3)_H$ can greatly help in understanding the fermion and sfermion flavour structures in supersymmetric grand unification. For the sake of demonstration the $SU(5)\times SU(3)_H$ model, suggested earlier in ref. \cite{PLB85}, is revisited. We show that under very simple and natural assumption it links the sfermion mass pattern to those of fermions in a remarkable way. All dangerous supersymmetric flavour-changing contributions are naturally suppressed in a general case, independently of the concrete texture for fermion mass matrices. Nevertheless, within this framework we present an example of predictive model for fermion masses and mixing, which leads to 7 consistent predictions for the low energy observables. [Based on talks given at Int. Workshop {\em `SUSY 96'}, Univ. of Maryland, 29 May - 1 June 1996 (to appear on Proceedings), and II US-Polish Workshop {\em `Physics from Planck Scale to Electroweak Scale'}, Warsaw, 28-30 March 1996.

Problem of flavour in SUSY GUT and horizontal symmetry

problem of flavour in susy gut and horizontal symmetry

abelian greatly fermion sfermion flavour supersymmetric grand unification. sake demonstration ref. cite revisited. links sfermion fermions remarkable way. dangerous supersymmetric flavour changing naturally suppressed independently concrete texture fermion matrices. nevertheless predictive fermion observables. talks int. workshop susy univ. maryland polish workshop planck electroweak warsaw

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35093828

10.1103/PhysRevD.55.2014

We study the possibility to detect the gravitational wave background generated by all the neutron stars in the Galaxy with only one gravitational wave interferometric detector. The proposed strategy consists in squaring the detector's output and searching for a sidereal modulation. The shape of the squared signal is computed for a disk and a halo distribution of neutron stars. The required noise stability of the interferometric detector is discussed. We argue that a possible population of old neutron stars, originating from a high stellar formation rate at the birth of the Galaxy and not emitting as radio pulsars, could be detected by the proposed technique in the low frequency range of interferometric experiments

On gravitational waves emitted by an ensemble of rotating neutron stars

on gravitational waves emitted by an ensemble of rotating neutron stars

detect gravitational neutron gravitational interferometric detector. squaring searching sidereal modulation. squared halo neutron stars. interferometric discussed. argue neutron originating birth emitting pulsars interferometric

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38677954

10.1103/PhysRevD.85.014008

We study some rare decays of the Bs meson governed by the quark-level transitions b→s, in the fourth generation model popularly known as SM4. Recently, it has been shown that SM4, which is a simple extension of the SM3, can successfully explain several anomalies observed in the CP violation parameters of B and Bs mesons. We find that in this model, due to the additional contributions coming from the heavy t′ quark in the loop, the branching ratios and other observables in rare Bs decays deviate significantly from their SM values. Some of these modes are within the reach of LHCb experiments, and a search for such channels is strongly argued

Study of some rare decays of B s meson in the fourth generation model

study of some rare decays of b s meson in the fourth generation model

rare decays meson governed fourth popularly successfully anomalies violation mesons. coming branching observables rare decays deviate values. lhcb argued

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41151375

10.1007/s00382-010-0801-7

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration provided warmer atmospheric temperature and higher atmospheric water vapor content, but not necessarily more precipitation. A set of experiments performed with a state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model forced with increased atmospheric CO2 concentration (2, 4 and 16 times the present-day mean value) were analyzed and compared with a control experiment to evaluate the effect of increased CO2 levels on monsoons. Generally, the monsoon precipitation responses to CO2 forcing are largest if extreme concentrations of carbon dioxide are used, but they are not necessarly proportional to the forcing applied. In fact, despite a common response in terms of an atmospheric water vapor increase to the atmospheric warming, two out of the six monsoons studied simulate less or equal summer mean precipitation in the 16xCO2 experiment compared to the intermediate sensitivity experiments. The precipitation differences between CO2 sensitivity experiments and CTRL have been investigated specifying the contribution of thermodynamic and purely dynamic processes. As a general rule, the differences depending on the atmospheric moisture content changes (thermodynamic component) are large and positive, and they tend to be damped by the dynamic component associated with the changes in the vertical velocity. However, differences are observed among monsoons in terms of the role played by other terms (like moisture advection and evaporation) in shaping the precipitation changes in warmer climates. The precipitation increase, even if weak, occurs despite a weakening of the mean circulation in the monsoon regions (‘‘precipitation-wind paradox’’). In particular, the tropical east-west Walker circulation is reduced, as found from velocity potential analysis. The meridional component of the monsoon circulation is changed as well, with larger (smaller) meridional (vertical) scales

Effects of increased CO2 levels on monsoons

effects of increased co2 levels on monsoons

dioxide warmer vapor necessarily precipitation. circulation forced monsoons. monsoon precipitation forcing extreme dioxide necessarly forcing applied. vapor warming monsoons simulate summer precipitation experiments. precipitation ctrl specifying thermodynamic purely processes. moisture thermodynamic tend damped velocity. monsoons played moisture advection evaporation shaping precipitation warmer climates. precipitation weakening circulation monsoon ‘‘precipitation paradox’’ tropical east west walker circulation analysis. meridional monsoon circulation changed meridional

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42967932

10.1049/iet-its.2014.0090

A method for estimating the dimensions of non-delimited free parking areas by using a static surveillance camera is proposed. The proposed method is specially designed to tackle the main challenges of urban scenarios (multiple moving objects, outdoor illumination conditions and occlusions between vehicles) with no training. The core of this work is the temporal analysis of the video frames to detect the occupancy variation of the parking areas. Two techniques are combined: background subtraction using a mixture of Gaussians to detect and track vehicles and the creation of a transience map to detect the parking and leaving of vehicles. The authors demonstrate that the proposed method yields satisfactory estimates on three real scenarios while being a low computational cost solution that can be applied in any kind of parking area covered by a single camera

Vacant parking area estimation through background subtraction and transience map analysis

vacant parking area estimation through background subtraction and transience map analysis

estimating delimited parking surveillance camera proposed. specially tackle challenges scenarios moving outdoor illumination occlusions vehicles training. video frames detect occupancy parking areas. subtraction mixture gaussians detect track vehicles creation transience detect parking leaving vehicles. satisfactory scenarios kind parking covered camera

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46761160

10.1051/epjconf/20146603035

4 pages, 3 figures, Contribution to conference proceedings of the 25th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2013)International audienceIn this contribution we show that the biggest fragment charge distribution in central collisions of Xe+Sn leading to multifragmentation is an admixture of two asymptotic distributions observed for the lowest and highest bombarding energies. The evolution of the relative weights of the two components with bombarding energy is shown to be analogous to that observed as a function of time for the largest cluster produced in irreversible aggregation for a finite system. We infer that the size distribution of the largest fragment in nuclear multifragmentation is also characteristic of the time scale of the process, which is largely determined by the onset of radial expansion in this energy range

Pseudo-critical clusterization in nuclear multifragmentation

pseudo-critical clusterization in nuclear multifragmentation

pages inpc audiencein biggest fragment collisions multifragmentation admixture asymptotic bombarding energies. weights bombarding analogous irreversible aggregation system. infer fragment multifragmentation largely onset

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46771433

10.1103/PhysRevC.80.065501

submitted to Phys. Rev. CWe present a theory of neutrino interactions with nuclei aimed at the description of the partial cross-sections, namely quasi-elastic and multi-nucleon emission, coherent and incoherent single pion production. For this purpose, we use the theory of nuclear responses treated in the random phase approximation, which allows a unified description of these channels. It is particularly suited for the coherent pion production where collective effects are important whereas they are moderate in the other channels. We also study the evolution of the neutrino cross-sections with the mass number from carbon to calcium. We compare our approach to the available neutrino experimental data on carbon. We put a particular emphasis on the multi-nucleon channel, which at present is not easily distinguishable from the quasi-elastic events. This component turns out to be quite relevant for the interpretation of experiments (K2K, MiniBooNE, SciBooNE). It can account in particular for the unexpected behavior of the quasi-elastic cross-section

A unified approach for nucleon knock-out, coherent and incoherent pion production in neutrino interactions with nuclei

a unified approach for nucleon knock-out, coherent and incoherent pion production in neutrino interactions with nuclei

submitted phys. rev. nuclei aimed quasi elastic nucleon coherent incoherent pion production. unified channels. suited coherent pion collective moderate channels. calcium. carbon. emphasis nucleon distinguishable quasi elastic events. turns miniboone sciboone unexpected quasi elastic

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46775205

10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.042501

Expérience GANIL, SPEG, SISSI, MayaThe isoscalar giant monopole resonance (GMR) and giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) have been measured in the Ni56 unstable nucleus by inducing the Ni56(d,d′) reaction at 50A  MeV in the Maya active target at the GANIL facility. The GMR and GQR centroids are measured at 19.3±0.5  MeV and 16.2±0.5  MeV, respectively. The corresponding angular distributions are extracted from 3° to 7°. A multipole decomposition analysis using distorted wave Born approximation with random phase approximation transition densities shows that both the GMR and the GQR exhaust a large fraction of the energy-weighted sum rule. The demonstration of this new method opens a broad range of giant resonance studies at intermediate-energy radioactive beam facilities

First Measurement of the Giant Monopole and Quadrupole Resonances in a Short-Lived Nucleus: 56Ni

first measurement of the giant monopole and quadrupole resonances in a short-lived nucleus: 56ni

expérience ganil speg sissi mayathe isoscalar giant monopole giant quadrupole unstable nucleus inducing maya ganil facility. centroids respectively. multipole decomposition distorted born densities exhaust weighted rule. demonstration opens broad giant radioactive facilities

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46775293

10.1051/jphyscol:1987228

The properties of Vlasov equation solutions obtained by projection on coherent state basis are discussed. Such solutions satisfy stationarity conditions and satisfactorily describe the average diffusivity of nuclear phase space and reproduce the bulk properties of nuclei. Sampling methods and their effects on dynamics are discussed for the study of heavy ion reactions at intermediate energies. The non-local Gogny force is easily computable on this basis which allows to use it for dynamical nuclear studies

SOLUTIONS OF THE LANDAU-VLASOV EQUATION IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS

solutions of the landau-vlasov equation in nuclear physics

vlasov projection coherent discussed. satisfy stationarity satisfactorily diffusivity reproduce nuclei. energies. gogny computable

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46782054

10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.10.013

PACS conv.GSIThe isotopic distributions and recoil velocities of the fission fragments produced in the spallation reaction 208Pb + p at 500 A MeV have been measured using the inverse-kinematics technique, a lead beam onto a liquid-hydrogen target, and the high-resolution spectrometer FRS at GSI. The shapes of the different distributions are found in good agreement with previously published data while the deduced total fission cross-section is higher than expected from existing systematics and some previous measurements. From the experimental data, the characteristics of the average fissioning system can be reconstructed in charge, mass and excitation energy, and the average number of post-fission neutrons can be inferred. The results are also compared to different models describing the spallation reaction. The intranuclear cascade code INCL4 followed by the de-excitation code ABLA is shown to describe reasonably well the evolution of the isotopic distribution shapes between 500 and 1000 A MeV

Nuclide cross-sections of fission fragments in the reaction 208Pb + p at 500 A MeV

nuclide cross-sections of fission fragments in the reaction 208pb + p at 500 a mev

pacs conv.gsithe isotopic recoil velocities fission fragments spallation kinematics spectrometer gsi. shapes deduced fission systematics measurements. fissioning reconstructed fission neutrons inferred. describing spallation reaction. intranuclear cascade incl abla reasonably isotopic shapes

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47100038

10.1080/09540121.2011.613909

International audienceThe aim of this study was to determine factors associated with complete satisfaction with the care provided (satisfaction with physicians and satisfaction with services and organization) among HIV-infected patients followed-up in the French ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE cohort. Analyses focused on cross-sectional data collected during the ninth year of cohort follow-up. Satisfaction with care (Bredard & al, 2005), sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, while clinical data were derived from medical records. Complete satisfaction with care was defined as being 100% satisfied. Two logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of (i) complete satisfaction with physicians (n=404) and (ii) complete satisfaction with services and organization (n=396). Sixteen percent of patients were completely satisfied with physicians while 15.9% were completely satisfied with services and organization. Being older and reporting fewer discomforting antiretroviral therapy (ART) side effects were factors independently associated with complete satisfaction with both physicians and services and organization. Strong support from friends and absence of hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection were independently associated with complete satisfaction with physicians, while strong support from one's family and comfortable housing conditions were independently associated with complete satisfaction with services and organization. Even after nine years of follow-up, social vulnerabilities still strongly influence HIV-infected patients' interactions with the health care system. Day-to-day experience with the disease, including perceived treatment side effects, appears to play a key role in the quality of these interactions. More attention should be given to patient satisfaction, especially for socially vulnerable patients, in order to avoid potentially detrimental consequences such as poor adherence to ART

Satisfaction with care in HIV-infected patients treated with long term follow up antiretroviral therapy: the role of social vulnerability

satisfaction with care in hiv-infected patients treated with long term follow up antiretroviral therapy: the role of social vulnerability

audiencethe satisfaction satisfaction physicians satisfaction french anrs aproco copilote cohort. focused sectional ninth cohort satisfaction bredard sociodemographic behavioral administered questionnaires records. satisfaction satisfied. logistic predictors satisfaction physicians satisfaction sixteen percent satisfied physicians satisfied organization. older reporting fewer discomforting antiretroviral independently satisfaction physicians organization. friends hepatitis independently satisfaction physicians comfortable housing independently satisfaction organization. nine vulnerabilities system. perceived interactions. satisfaction socially vulnerable avoid potentially detrimental consequences adherence

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47104592

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.06.021

International audienceMethane is a powerful greenhouse gas and its concentration in the atmosphere has increased over the past decades. Methane produced by methanogenic Archae can be consumed through aerobic and anaerobic oxidation pathways. In anoxic conditions found in freshwater environments such as meromictic lakes, CH4 oxidation pathways involving different terminal electron acceptors such as NO 3 , SO2 4 , and oxides of Fe and Mn are thermodynamically possible. In this study, a reactive transport model was developed to assess the relative significance of the different pathways of CH4 consumption in the water column of Lake Pavin. In most cases, the model reproduced experimental data collected from the field from June 2006 to June 2007. Although the model and the field measurements suggest that anaerobic CH4 oxidation may contribute to CH4 consumption in the water column of Lake Pavin, aerobic oxidation remains the major sink of CH4 in this lake

Biogeochemical modelling of anaerobic vs. aerobic methane oxidation in a meromictic crater lake (Lake Pavin, France)

biogeochemical modelling of anaerobic vs. aerobic methane oxidation in a meromictic crater lake (lake pavin, france)

audiencemethane powerful greenhouse atmosphere decades. methane methanogenic archae consumed aerobic anaerobic oxidation pathways. anoxic freshwater environments meromictic lakes oxidation pathways involving acceptors oxides thermodynamically possible. reactive pathways lake pavin. reproduced anaerobic oxidation lake pavin aerobic oxidation sink lake

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47106017

10.1063/1.3330636

Preliminary results have been presented elsewhere,* in this paper we go into more detailed analysis, including synthetic interferogram, and complete or correct some values, leading to a refined conclusion. * C.Stehlé, et al, Laser & Part.Beams 2010International audienceWe have studied the dynamics of strong radiative shocks generated with the high-energy subnanosecond iodine laser at Prague Asterix Laser System facility (Prague) over long time scales, up to 100 ns. These shock waves are characterized by a developed radiative precursor, a radiation driven ionization wave in front of the density jump of the shock. Electronic density profiles are measured at different times after the laser pulse and at different distances from the axis of the shock tube. A new feature, described as a split precursor, has been observed. Comparisons with two-dimensional computations are shown

Measure of precursor electron density profiles of laser launched radiative shocks

measure of precursor electron density profiles of laser launched radiative shocks

preliminary elsewhere synthetic interferogram refined conclusion. c.stehlé part.beams audiencewe radiative shocks subnanosecond iodine prague asterix facility prague shock radiative precursor ionization front jump shock. distances shock tube. split precursor observed. comparisons computations

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47113472

10.1016/j.jms.2009.01.008

International audienceIn order to model the high-resolution infrared spectrum of the phosphine molecule in the 3 mu m region, a global approach involving the lower three polyads of the molecule (Dyad, Pentad and Octad) as been applied using an effective hamiltonian in the form of irreducible tensors. This model allowed to describe all the 15 vibrational states involved and to consider explicitly all relevant ro-vibrational interactions that cannot be accounted for by conventional perturbation approaches. 2245 levels (up to J=14) observed through transitions arising from 34 cold and hot bands including all available existing data as well as new experimental data have been fitted simultaneously using a unique set of effective hamiltonian parameters. The rms achieved is 0.63 10^{-3} cm^{-1} for 450 Dyad levels, 1.5 10^{-3} cm^{-1} for 1058 Pentad levels (from 3585 transitions) and 4.3 10^{-3} cm^{-1} for 737 Octad levels (from 2243 transitions). This work represents the first theoretical modeling of the 3 mu m region. It also improves the modeling of the region around 4.5 mu m by dividing the rms reported by previous works by a factor 6. A preliminary intensity analysis based on consistent sets of effective dipole moment operators for cold and hot bands has been simultaneously undertaken for direct comparison between observed and modeled absorption from 700 to 3500 cm^{-1}

Global modeling of the lower three polyads of PH_{3} Preliminary results

global modeling of the lower three polyads of ph_{3} preliminary results

audiencein infrared phosphine molecule involving polyads molecule dyad pentad octad irreducible tensors. vibrational explicitly vibrational accounted perturbation approaches. arising cold fitted simultaneously parameters. dyad pentad octad region. improves dividing preliminary dipole moment cold simultaneously undertaken modeled

exact_dup

47277052

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.10.008

International audienceMoment tensor inversions of volcanic tremor are synthetically tested and subsequently applied to a dataset recorded on Arenal volcano in 2005. We selected 15 harmonic tremor events showing an emergent but very clear onset with a fundamental frequency range of 0.8-1.5 Hz. These events constitute an excellent opportunity to broaden our knowledge of tremor generation models. The inversions were performed for a common source location, the position of which was retrieved through the evaluation of the joint probability density function of the misfit values obtained by the moment tensor inversion of all the events and all predefined source locations (grid search). Events are located beneath the summit crater, in a shallow position. The inversion procedure was tested through the use of synthetic tremor, generated using full wavefield numerical simulations. The maximum amplitude decomposition method is used to analyse the solutions of the synthetic tests. The results highlight the stability of the moment tensor solution when the whole length of the signal is used in the inversion procedure. Hence the whole length of the tremor is utilised to retrieve the source mechanism generating the 15 tremor events. A sliding window is utilised to investigate the time variability of our solution. A crack dipping 20° to the North-Northeast is reconcilable with all 15 tremor events. This mechanism is found to be constant for the entire length of each tremor and for different events

Seismic source mechanisms of tremor recorded on Arenal volcano, Costa Rica, retrieved by waveform inversion

seismic source mechanisms of tremor recorded on arenal volcano, costa rica, retrieved by waveform inversion

audiencemoment inversions volcanic tremor synthetically subsequently dataset arenal volcano harmonic tremor emergent onset constitute excellent opportunity broaden tremor models. inversions retrieved misfit moment inversion predefined locations beneath summit crater shallow position. inversion synthetic tremor wavefield simulations. decomposition analyse synthetic tests. highlight moment inversion procedure. tremor utilised retrieve generating tremor events. sliding window utilised solution. crack dipping northeast reconcilable tremor events. tremor

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47281266

10.1093/imamat/hxu051

21 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, 69 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/We investigate the potential and limitations of the wave generation by disturbances moving at the bottom. More precisely, we assume that the wavemaker is composed of an underwater object of a given shape which can be displaced according to a prescribed trajectory. We address the practical question of computing the wavemaker shape and trajectory generating a wave with prescribed characteristics. For the sake of simplicity we model the hydrodynamics by a generalized forced Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) equation. This practical problem is reformulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. Additional constraints are imposed in order to fulfill various practical design requirements. Finally, we present some numerical results in order to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed methodology

Generation of two-dimensional water waves by moving bottom disturbances

generation of two-dimensional water waves by moving bottom disturbances

pages references. papers downloaded limitations disturbances moving bottom. precisely wavemaker composed underwater displaced prescribed trajectory. practical wavemaker trajectory generating prescribed characteristics. sake simplicity hydrodynamics forced benjamin bona mahony equation. practical reformulated constrained problem. imposed fulfill practical requirements. feasibility methodology

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47289314

10.1007/s10845-011-0537-1

19International audienceThe main concern of this research work is to analyse and model supply chains (SCs) in a particular context which is that of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the field of mechatronic. The study is based on the analysis of the organisational features, the actors' behaviour, and performance considerations. The development of the model relies on an iterative framework that progressively integrates different aspects into the model. This framework is the ArchMDE process, which is based on MDE (Model Driven Engineering). A major feature of this work lies in its contribution to two different areas of research. The first contribution of the work is to propose a generic metamodel for SCs. Based on a literature review, an incremental framework is proposed for the modelling of SCs in terms of concepts, structure and relationships. The application of the framework to the studied context is described and its result is a domain-metamodel for SCs. The second contribution of this work lies in the formalisation of the dynamic behaviour of the concepts in the metamodel. This formalisation is based on the multi-agent approach. An agentification of the metamodel is thus drawn, thanks to the natural links between multiagent theory and SC reality. This step leads to an agentified-domain-metamodel which also includes the monitoring of the SC and synchronisation protocols. By adding relationships and dynamic behavior aspects, we obtain a metamodel of the domain that can be implemented, with its static and dynamic aspects. To validate this model, an industrial case study is detailed and has been instantiated and encoded in JAVA

A multi-agent knowledge model for SMEs mechatronic supply chains.

a multi-agent knowledge model for smes mechatronic supply chains.

audiencethe concern analyse supply chains enterprises smes mechatronic. organisational actors considerations. relies iterative progressively integrates model. archmde lies research. propose generic metamodel scs. incremental concepts relationships. metamodel scs. lies formalisation concepts metamodel. formalisation agent approach. agentification metamodel drawn thanks links multiagent reality. agentified metamodel synchronisation protocols. adding metamodel implemented aspects. validate industrial instantiated encoded java

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47309795

10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.10.002

International audienceDuring the past two decades, the use of ambient vibrations for modal analysis of structures has increased as compared to the traditional techniques (forced vibrations). The Frequency Domain Decomposition method is nowadays widely used in modal analysis because of its accuracy and simplicity. In this paper, we first present the physical meaning of the FDD method to estimate the modal parameters. We discuss then the process used for the evaluation of the building stiffness deduced from the modal shapes. The models considered here are 1D lumped-mass beams and especially the shear beam. The analytical solution of the equations of motion makes it possible to simulate the motion due to a weak to moderate earthquake and then the inter-storey drift knowing only the modal parameters (modal model). This process is finally applied to a 9-storey reinforced concrete (RC) dwelling in Grenoble (France). We successfully compared the building motion for an artificial ground motion deduced from the model estimated using ambient vibrations and recorded in the building. The stiffness of each storey and the inter-storey drift were also calculated

Dynamic parameters of structures extracted from ambient vibration measurements: an aid for the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings in moderate seismic hazard regions

dynamic parameters of structures extracted from ambient vibration measurements: an aid for the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings in moderate seismic hazard regions

audienceduring decades ambient vibrations modal traditional forced vibrations decomposition nowadays widely modal simplicity. meaning modal parameters. stiffness deduced modal shapes. lumped beams beam. simulate moderate earthquake storey drift knowing modal modal storey reinforced concrete dwelling grenoble successfully artificial deduced ambient vibrations building. stiffness storey storey drift

exact_dup

47313903

10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.11.084

By means of hadronic B decays, the BABAR experiment aims to constrain the CKM matrix performing CP parameter measurements. It also seeks to test QCD factorization predictions and other models for B structure and decay mechanisms. We will present some of the on-going CP related analyses in the first section, while the second section will be dedicated to report on the conducted investigations on subjects as diverse as probing the gluon component in the B meson wave function, new physics and final state interactions in annihilation processes, intrinsic charm searches and first observation of strange charmed baryon production in B decays

Hadronic B decays at BABAR

hadronic b decays at babar

hadronic decays babar aims constrain performing measurements. seeks factorization mechanisms. going dedicated investigations diverse probing gluon meson annihilation intrinsic charm searches strange charmed baryon decays

exact_dup

47895076

10.1007/s10776-008-0072-y

International audienceWith the 802.11 WLAN multimedia applications (Video, Audio, real-time voice over IP,...) increasing, the customers demand more and more new features and functions. Providing Quality of Service (QoS) support is very important since the original standard doesn't take QoS into account. The standard offers access to the wireless users only regarding for physical considerations. This can lead to heavily overloaded access points (AP) and considerable degradation of the QoS. This paper deals with this problem. It focuses on the presentation of QoS management solution for wireless communication system. It, mainly, presents the fact that a balanced distribution of mobile stations among the available Access Points leads to a better performances of the Wireless LAN. OPNET simulations of the proposed approach are used to show a best resources allocation and efficiency on QoS metrics. A protocol structure between mobiles and APs is also specified for the installation of this approach. An SDL description and MSC simulation is provided as a first step in the development of this protocol

IEEE 802.11 Load balancing: an approach for QoS Enhancement

ieee 802.11 load balancing: an approach for qos enhancement

audiencewith wlan multimedia video audio voice customers functions. account. offers wireless considerations. heavily overloaded considerable degradation qos. deals problem. focuses presentation wireless system. presents balanced mobile stations performances wireless lan. opnet allocation metrics. mobiles specified installation approach.

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48168552

10.1016/j.future.2015.01.005

International audienceWith increasingly inexpensive storage and growing processing power, the cloud has rapidly become the environment of choice to store and analyze data for a variety of applications. Most large-scale data computations in the cloud heavily rely on the MapReduce paradigm and on its Hadoop implementation. Nevertheless, this exponential growth in popularity has significantly impacted power consumption in cloud infrastructures. In this paper, we focus on MapReduce processing and we investigate the impact of dynamically scaling the frequency of compute nodes on the performance and energy consumption of a Hadoop cluster. To this end, a series of experiments are conducted to explore the implications of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) settings on power consumption in Hadoop clusters. By enabling various existing DVFS governors (i.e., performance, powersave, ondemand, conservative and userspace) in a Hadoop cluster, we observe significant variation in performance and power consumption across different applications: the different DVFS settings are only sub-optimal for several representative MapReduce applications. Furthermore, our results reveal that the current CPU governors do not exactly reflect their design goal and may even become ineffective to manage the power consumption in Hadoop clusters. This study aims at providing a clearer understanding of the interplay between performance and power management in Hadoop clusters and therefore offers useful insight into designing power-aware techniques for Hadoop systems

Governing Energy Consumption in Hadoop through CPU Frequency Scaling: an Analysis

governing energy consumption in hadoop through cpu frequency scaling: an analysis

audiencewith increasingly inexpensive storage growing rapidly store analyze applications. computations heavily rely mapreduce paradigm hadoop implementation. nevertheless exponential popularity impacted infrastructures. mapreduce dynamically hadoop cluster. explore dvfs settings hadoop clusters. enabling dvfs governors i.e. powersave ondemand conservative userspace hadoop dvfs settings mapreduce applications. reveal governors reflect goal ineffective manage hadoop clusters. aims clearer interplay hadoop offers insight designing aware hadoop

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48210748

10.1007/s00211-005-0599-0

International audienceGiven a Hamiltonian dynamics, we address the question of computing the space-average (referred as the ensemble average in the field of molecular simulation) of an observable through the limit of its time-average. For a completely integrable system, it is known that ergodicity can be characterized by a diophantine condition on its frequencies and that the two averages then coincide. In this paper, we show that we can improve the rate of convergence upon using a filter function in the time-averages. We then show that this convergence persists when a numerical symplectic scheme is applied to the system, up to the order of the integrator

Long-time averaging for integrable Hamiltonian dynamics

long-time averaging for integrable hamiltonian dynamics

audiencegiven referred ensemble observable average. integrable ergodicity diophantine averages coincide. filter averages. persists symplectic integrator

exact_dup

48228594

10.1007/s11009-011-9239-6

International audienceWe consider the behavior of a stochastic system composed of several identically distributed, but non independent, discrete-time absorbing Markov chains competing at each instant for a transition. The competition consists in determining at each instant, using a given probability distribution, the only Markov chain allowed to make a transition. We analyze the first time at which one of the Markov chains reaches its absorbing state. We obtain its distribution and its expectation and we propose an algorithm to compute these quantities. We also exhibit the asymptotic behavior of the system when the number of Markov chains goes to infinity. Actually, this problem comes from the analysis of large-scale distributed systems and we show how our results apply to this domain

Markov Chains Competing for Transitions: Application to Large-Scale Distributed Systems

markov chains competing for transitions: application to large-scale distributed systems

audiencewe stochastic composed identically absorbing markov chains competing instant transition. competition determining instant markov transition. analyze markov chains reaches absorbing state. expectation propose quantities. exhibit asymptotic markov chains goes infinity. comes

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48240576

10.1007/s10596-010-9178-2

International audienceAlthough multicomponent reactive transport modeling is gaining wider application in various geoscience fields, it continues to present significant mathematical and computational challenges. There is a need to solve and compare the solutions to complex benchmark problems, using a variety of codes, because such intercomparisons can reveal promising numerical solution approaches and increase confidence in the application of reactive transport codes. In this contribution, the results and performance of five current reactive transport codes are compared for the 1D and 2D sub-problems of the so-called "Easy Test Case" of the MoMaS benchmark (Carrayrou et al., this issue). As a group, the codes include iterative and non-iterative operator splitting, and global implicit solution approaches. The 1D Easy Advective and 1D Easy Diffusive scenarios were solved using all codes and, in general, there was good agreement, with solution discrepancies limited to regions with rapid concentration changes. Computational demands were typically consistent with what was expected for the various solution approaches. The most important outcome of the benchmark exercise is that all codes are able to generate comparable results for problems of significant complexity and computational difficulty

Comparison of numerical methods for simulating strongly non-linear and heterogeneous reactive transport problems – the MoMaS benchmark case

comparison of numerical methods for simulating strongly non-linear and heterogeneous reactive transport problems – the momas benchmark case

audiencealthough multicomponent reactive gaining wider geoscience continues mathematical challenges. solve benchmark codes intercomparisons reveal promising confidence reactive codes. reactive codes momas benchmark carrayrou codes iterative iterative splitting implicit approaches. advective diffusive scenarios solved codes discrepancies changes. demands approaches. benchmark exercise codes comparable difficulty

exact_dup

51948681

10.1016/j.physleta.2014.09.008

19 pages, 11 figures, 47 references. Other author's papers can be found at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/The collective behaviour of soliton ensembles (i.e. the solitonic gas) is studied using the methods of the direct numerical simulation. Traditionally this problem was addressed in the context of integrable models such as the celebrated KdV equation. We extend this analysis to non-integrable KdV-BBM type models. Some high resolution numerical results are presented in both integrable and nonintegrable cases. Moreover, the free surface elevation probability distribution is shown to be quasi-stationary. Finally, we employ the asymptotic methods along with the Monte-Carlo simulations in order to study quantitatively the dependence of some important statistical characteristics (such as the kurtosis and skewness) on the Stokes-Ursell number (which measures the relative importance of nonlinear effects compared to the dispersion) and also on the magnitude of the BBM term

Numerical simulation of a solitonic gas in KdV and KdV-BBM equations

numerical simulation of a solitonic gas in kdv and kdv-bbm equations

pages references. papers collective soliton ensembles i.e. solitonic simulation. traditionally addressed integrable celebrated equation. extend integrable models. integrable nonintegrable cases. elevation quasi stationary. employ asymptotic monte carlo quantitatively kurtosis skewness stokes ursell

exact_dup

51956086

10.1103/PhysRevB.79.020508

International audienceThe upper and lower critical fields have been deduced from specific heat and Hall-probe magnetization measurements in nonoptimally doped Nd O,F FeAs single crystals Tc 32-35 K . The anisotropy of the penetration depth is temperature independent and on the order of 4.0 1.5. Similarly specific-heat data lead to an anisotropy of the coherence length 5.5 1.5 close to Tc. Our results suggest the presence of rather large thermal fluctuations and the existence of a vortex liquid phase over a broad temperature range 5 K large at 2 T

Upper and lower critical magnetic fields of superconducting NdFeAsO1−xFx single crystals studied by Hall-probe magnetization and specific heat

upper and lower critical magnetic fields of superconducting ndfeaso1−xfx single crystals studied by hall-probe magnetization and specific heat

audiencethe deduced hall magnetization nonoptimally doped feas crystals anisotropy penetration anisotropy coherence vortex broad

exact_dup

51963988

10.1074/jbc.M113.457267

International audienceMicrotubules are highly dynamic αβ-tubulin polymers. In vitro and in living cells, microtubules are most often cold- and nocodazole-sensitive. When present, the MAP6/STOP family of proteins protects microtubules from cold- and nocodazole-induced depolymerization but the molecular and structure determinants by which these proteins stabilize microtubules remain under debate. We show here that a short protein fragment from MAP6-N, which encompasses its Mn1 and Mn2 modules (MAP6(90-177)), recapitulates the function of the full-length MAP6-N protein toward microtubules, i.e. its ability to stabilize microtubules in vitro and in cultured cells in ice-cold conditions or in the presence of nocodazole. We further show for the first time, using biochemical assays and NMR spectroscopy, that these effects result from the binding of MAP6(90-177) to microtubules with a 1:1 MAP6(90-177):tubulin heterodimer stoichiometry. NMR data demonstrate that the binding of MAP6(90-177) to microtubules involve its two Mn modules but that a single one is also able to interact with microtubules in a closely similar manner. This suggests that the Mn modules represent each a full microtubule binding domain and that MAP6 proteins may stabilize microtubules by bridging tubulin heterodimers from adjacent protofilaments or within a protofilament. Finally, we demonstrate that Ca(2+)-calmodulin competes with microtubules for MAP6(90-177) binding and that the binding mode of MAP6(90-177) to microtubules and Ca(2+)-calmodulin involves a common stretch of amino acid residues on the MAP6(90-177) side. This result accounts for the regulation of microtubule stability in cold condition by Ca(2+)-calmodulin

Structural Basis for the Association of MAP6 Protein with Microtubules and Its Regulation by Calmodulin. : Microtubule and calmodulin binding on Mn modules of MAP6

structural basis for the association of map6 protein with microtubules and its regulation by calmodulin. : microtubule and calmodulin binding on mn modules of map6

audiencemicrotubules tubulin polymers. living microtubules cold nocodazole sensitive. stop protects microtubules cold nocodazole depolymerization determinants stabilize microtubules debate. fragment encompasses modules recapitulates toward microtubules i.e. stabilize microtubules cultured cold nocodazole. biochemical assays spectroscopy microtubules tubulin heterodimer stoichiometry. microtubules involve modules interact microtubules closely manner. modules microtubule stabilize microtubules bridging tubulin heterodimers adjacent protofilaments protofilament. calmodulin competes microtubules microtubules calmodulin involves stretch side. accounts microtubule cold calmodulin

exact_dup

52131316

10.1016/j.imbio.2014.06.006

Cholesterol crystals are known to be a hallmark of atherosclerosis with recent studies demonstrating deposition of these crystals in early fatty streak formation as well as penetrating the intima following plaque rupture. Inflammation has also become a central focus in atheroma development and endothelial cell activation is recognized as necessary for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the plaque. However, the extent to which cholesterol crystals can induce inflammation and activate endothelial cells is not known. To investigate this, we developed a novel model activating human umbilical vein endothelial cells using lepirudin anticoagulated human whole blood. We found that cholesterol crystals caused a marked and dose-dependent increase in the adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 on the surface of the endothelial cells after incubation with whole blood. There was no activation of the cells when the crystals were incubated in medium alone, or in human serum, despite substantial crystal-induced complement activation in serum. Complement inhibitors at the C3 and C5 levels reduced the whole blood induced endothelial cell activation by up to 89% (p < 0.05) and abolished TNF release (p < 0.01). Finally, the TNF inhibitor infliximab reduced endothelial activation to background levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that endothelial activation by cholesterol crystals is mediated by complement-dependent TNF release, and suggests that complement-inhibition might have a role in alleviating atherosclerosis-induced inflammation.Author preprin

Cholesterol crystal-induced endothelial cell activation is complement-dependent and mediated by TNF

cholesterol crystal-induced endothelial cell activation is complement-dependent and mediated by tnf

cholesterol crystals hallmark atherosclerosis demonstrating deposition crystals fatty streak penetrating intima plaque rupture. inflammation atheroma endothelial recognized recruitment inflammatory plaque. cholesterol crystals induce inflammation activate endothelial known. activating umbilical vein endothelial lepirudin anticoagulated blood. cholesterol crystals marked adhesion selectin icam endothelial incubation blood. crystals incubated substantial complement serum. complement inhibitors endothelial abolished inhibitor infliximab endothelial endothelial cholesterol crystals complement complement alleviating atherosclerosis thor preprin

exact_dup

52131897

10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04624

The formation of calcium naphthenate precipitates occurring in the petroleum industry is both an undesirable side reaction and can introduce costly shutdowns and cleaning processes. Although the reaction has been studied by experimental techniques, the exact mechanism of reaction and precipitation is still under debate. In the present work, we apply a multiscale approach to study the formation of calcium naphthenate precipitates. To systematically study this otherwise complex reaction influenced by many factors, we first have applied density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the interaction energies between carboxylate anion(s) and calcium and sodium cations. The influence of the multibody effects have been determined by DFT and their impact on the commonly used OPLS-AA force field is assessed. It has also been indicated that the calcium ion can coordinate up to four carboxylate molecules. The lowest interaction energy has been reached when calcium interacts with 3 carboxylates. A comparison between DFT and OPLS-AA shows satisfactory representation of the carboxylate - calcium interactions by the force field, which has been further used to study the calcium naphthenate precipitation reaction. The calcium naphthenate reaction has been shown to be very selective and calcium is the most abundant cation in the precipitates amongst all the divalent cations. To address this observation ab initio molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to understand the basic mechanism of the carboxylate - metal ion dissociation in water. By thermodynamic integration we have evaluated the free energy of interaction between propanoate anion and the divalent Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ cations. This study revealed that the strongest interactions of the carboxylate anion are with magnesium followed by calcium, strontium and barium, which partially explains the selectivity. However, magnesium shows also the strongest interactions with the solvent molecules, which has affected their dynamics. The dynamics of the solvent molecules together with the self-diffusion of the divalent ions infer that calcium most likely will bind with the carboxylate rather than magnesium. The preferred binding with calcium has been further complimented by calculating the probability for reaction between two carboxylates and one divalent metal cation as a function of the distance separating the carboxylates. That has been achieved by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations together with umbrella sampling. The probability of reaction has been finally used as a constituent function in the method development for recreating the interfacial density of tetracarboxylic acid (TA) molecules to calcium naphthenate precipitation. This method involves MD simulations of TA molecules at an oil-water interface for obtaining different probability distributions from the simulation trajectories describing their molecular orientation and structuring. Then the MD simulated probabilities are used to recreate the interfacial density in a coarse-grain manner from which we have determined the fractional conversion of TA molecules to calcium naphthenate precipitation as a function of the interfacial concentration. The fractional conversion is shown to increase non linearly with the increase of interfacial concentration

Multiscale Modelling of the Calcium Naphthenate Precipitation Reaction in Petroleum Processing

multiscale modelling of the calcium naphthenate precipitation reaction in petroleum processing

calcium naphthenate precipitates occurring petroleum undesirable costly shutdowns cleaning processes. precipitation debate. multiscale calcium naphthenate precipitates. systematically influenced carboxylate anion calcium sodium cations. multibody commonly opls assessed. calcium coordinate carboxylate molecules. reached calcium interacts carboxylates. opls satisfactory carboxylate calcium calcium naphthenate precipitation reaction. calcium naphthenate selective calcium abundant cation precipitates amongst divalent cations. initio carboxylate dissociation water. thermodynamic propanoate anion divalent cations. strongest carboxylate anion magnesium calcium strontium barium partially explains selectivity. magnesium strongest solvent dynamics. solvent divalent infer calcium bind carboxylate magnesium. preferred calcium complimented calculating carboxylates divalent cation separating carboxylates. performing umbrella sampling. constituent recreating interfacial tetracarboxylic calcium naphthenate precipitation. involves obtaining trajectories describing structuring. probabilities recreate interfacial coarse grain manner fractional conversion calcium naphthenate precipitation interfacial concentration. fractional conversion linearly interfacial

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52317065

10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/11

International audienceWe have used the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) Plateau de Bure Interferometer and the Expanded Very Large Array to obtain a high-resolution map of the CO(6-5) and CO(1-0) emission in the lensed, star-forming galaxy SMM J2135-0102 at z = 2.32. The kinematics of the gas are well described by a model of a rotationally supported disk with an inclination-corrected rotation speed, v rot = 320 ± 25 km s-1, a ratio of rotational-to-dispersion support of v/σ = 3.5 ± 0.2, and a dynamical mass of (6.0 ± 0.5) × 1010 M &sun; within a radius of 2.5 kpc. The disk has a Toomre parameter, Q = 0.50 ± 0.15, suggesting that the gas will rapidly fragment into massive clumps on scales of L J ~ 400 pc. We identify star-forming regions on these scales and show that they are ~10 × denser than those in quiescent environments in local galaxies, and significantly offset from the local molecular cloud scaling relations (Larson's relations). The large offset compared to local molecular cloud line-width-size scaling relations implies that supersonic turbulence should remain dominant on scales ~100× smaller than in the kinematically quiescent interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way, while the molecular gas in SMM J2135 is expected to be ~50× denser than that in the Milky Way on all scales. This is most likely due to the high external hydrostatic pressure we measure for the ISM, P tot/k B ~ (2 ± 1) × 107 K cm-3. In such highly turbulent ISM, the subsonic regions of gravitational collapse (and star formation) will be characterized by much higher critical densities, n crit > = 108 cm-3, a factor gsim1000× more than the quiescent ISM of the Milky Way

The Interstellar Medium in Distant Star-forming Galaxies: Turbulent Pressure, Fragmentation, and Cloud Scaling Relations in a Dense Gas Disk at z = 2.3

the interstellar medium in distant star-forming galaxies: turbulent pressure, fragmentation, and cloud scaling relations in a dense gas disk at z = 2.3

audiencewe institut radioastronomie millimétrique iram plateau bure interferometer expanded array lensed forming kinematics rotationally inclination corrected rotational kpc. toomre rapidly fragment massive clumps forming denser quiescent environments offset larson offset supersonic turbulence kinematically quiescent interstellar milky denser milky scales. hydrostatic turbulent subsonic gravitational collapse densities crit gsim quiescent milky

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52432042

10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.09.003

International audienceThe dispersion of a patch of the tracer sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is used to assess the lateral diffusivity in the coastal waters of the western part of the Gulf of Lion (GoL), northwestern Mediterranean Sea, during the Latex10 experiment (September 2010). Immediately after the release, the spreading of the patch is associated with a strong decrease of the SF6 concentrations due to the gas exchange from the ocean to the atmosphere. This has been accurately quantified, evidencing the impact of the strong wind conditions during the first days of this campaign. Few days after the release, as the atmospheric loss of SF6 decreased, lateral diffusivity coefficient at spatial scales of 10 km has been computed using two approaches. First, the evolution of the patch with time was combined with a diffusion-strain model to obtain estimates of the strain rate (γ = 2.5 10- 6 s- 1) and of the lateral diffusivity coefficient (Kh = 23.2 m2s− 1). Second, a steady state model was applied, showing Kh values similar to the previous method after a period of adjustment between 2 and 4.5 days. This implies that after such period, our computation of Kh becomes insensitive to the inclusion of further straining of the patch. Analysis of sea surface temperature satellite imagery shows the presence of a strong front in the study area. The front clearly affected the dynamics within the region and thus the temporal evolution of the patch. Our results are consistent with previous studies in open ocean and demonstrate the success and feasibility of those methods also under small-scale, rapidly-evolving dynamics typical of coastal environments

Lateral diffusivity coefficients from the dynamics of a SF6 patch in a coastal environment

lateral diffusivity coefficients from the dynamics of a sf6 patch in a coastal environment

audiencethe patch tracer sulfur hexafluoride lateral diffusivity coastal waters gulf lion northwestern mediterranean latex september immediately spreading patch ocean atmosphere. accurately quantified evidencing campaign. lateral diffusivity approaches. patch lateral diffusivity steady adjustment days. insensitive inclusion straining patch. satellite imagery front area. front patch. ocean success feasibility rapidly evolving coastal environments

exact_dup

52475468

10.1051/0004-6361:20040491

accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics (19-05-2004)Having ruled out the possibility that stellar objects are the main contributor of the dark matter embedding galaxies, microlensing experiments cannot exclude the hypothesis that a significant fraction of the Milky Way dark halo might be made of MACHOs with masses in the range $0.5-0.8 \msun$. Ancient white dwarfs are generally considered the most plausible candidates for such MACHOs. We report the results of a search for such white dwarfs in a proper motion survey covering a 0.16 sqd field at three epochs at high galactic latitude, and 0.938 sqd at two epochs at intermediate galactic latitude (VIRMOS survey), using the CFH telescope. Both surveys are complete to I = 23, with detection efficiency fading to 0 at I = 24.2. Proper motion data are suitable to separate unambiguously halo white dwarfs identified by belonging to a non rotating system. No candidates were found within the colour-magnitude-proper motion volume where such objects can be safely discriminated from any standard population as well as from possible artefacts. In the same volume, we estimate the maximum white dwarf halo fraction compatible with this observation at different significance levels if the halo is at least 14 gigayears old and under different ad hoc initial mass functions. Our data alone rules out a halo fraction greater than 14% at 95% confidence level. Combined with two previous investigations exploring comparable volumes pushes the limit below 4 % (95% confidence level) or below 1.3% ( 64% confidence), this implies that if baryonic dark matter is present in galaxy halos, it is not, or it is only marginally in the form of faint hydrogen white dwarfs

Dark halo baryons not in ancient halo white dwarfs

dark halo baryons not in ancient halo white dwarfs

astronomy astrophysics ruled contributor embedding microlensing exclude milky halo machos msun ancient dwarfs plausible candidates machos. dwarfs proper covering epochs galactic latitude epochs galactic latitude virmos telescope. surveys fading proper unambiguously halo dwarfs belonging rotating system. candidates colour proper safely discriminated artefacts. dwarf halo compatible halo gigayears functions. halo confidence level. investigations exploring comparable volumes pushes confidence confidence baryonic halos marginally faint dwarfs

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52659749

10.1051/0004-6361/201628092

International audienceContext. This work is motivated by the necessity to take account of both the nuclear spin symmetries of H 2 and the spin-orbit interaction of N + ions in order to investigate gas phase reactions in interstellar chemistry, leading to the formation of nitrogenous and deuterated compounds. Aims. The main objective in this work is to determine the rate coefficients for each possible initial quantum state of the reactants N + (3 P j) + H 2 (J) (and their isotopic variants). Only in this way does it become possible both to analyse experimental data and to develop realistic applications to interstellar chemical models to constrain the gas phase chemistry of ammonia and its isotopologues. Methods. A statistical treatment is presented of state selective reactive collisions involving N + ions in fine structure state j with H 2 or HD molecules in a rotation level J of the ground vibration state, leading either to the production of NH + ions and H in the case of the H 2 reactant, and to the production of either NH + ions or ND + in the case of the HD reactant. The energies of fine structure states (j = 0, 1, 2) of the N + ions are treated on an equal footing with the other energies of internal motions. All fine structure states are considered to be reactive. Results. Cross sections for state-to-state collisions are calculated for collision energies ranging from 0.1–30 meV. These cross sections are then averaged over the kinetic energies of the reactants for each (J, j) to obtain the rate coefficients for a range of kinetic temperatures 10–200 K. The exo/endothermicity of the reactions involving N + (3 P j) + H 2 (J) (and isotopic variants) is derived from the difference ∆E e between the dissociation energies of the electronic molecular potentials of NH + and H 2. The value ∆E e = 101 meV is found to satisfactorily reproduce the experiments performed with ortho-H 2 and to a lesser extent with para-H 2. This value is used to determine the rate coefficient of the N + + HD reaction leading to the formation of ND +. The calculated value is consistent with the available experimental data. Conclusions. The present results allow for the determination of reaction rate coefficients for any given distribution of specific fine structure and rotational state populations of the reactants. In interstellar conditions, where N + is in its 3 P 0 state and para-and ortho-H 2 respectively in J = 0 and J = 1. Our results enable a study of the influence of the ortho/para evolution of molecular hydrogen on the formation of nitrogen compounds

Reactions of N+ (3P) ions with H2 and HD molecules at low temperatures

reactions of n+ (3p) ions with h2 and hd molecules at low temperatures

audiencecontext. motivated necessity symmetries orbit interstellar nitrogenous deuterated compounds. aims. reactants isotopic variants analyse realistic interstellar constrain ammonia isotopologues. methods. selective reactive collisions involving fine vibration reactant reactant. fine footing motions. fine reactive. results. collisions collision ranging mev. averaged reactants endothermicity involving isotopic variants dissociation potentials satisfactorily reproduce ortho lesser para data. conclusions. fine rotational reactants. interstellar para ortho enable ortho para nitrogen

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52661242

10.1016/J.PSS.2012.01.013

The original publication is available at www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00320633International audienceGaia is an astrometric mission that will be launched in spring 2013. There are many scientific outcomes from this mission and as far as our Solar System is concerned, the satellite will be able to map thousands of main belt asteroids (MBAs) and near-Earth objects (NEOs) down to magnitude ≤20. The high precision astrometry (0.3-5 mas of accuracy) will allow orbital improvement, mass determination, and a better accuracy in the prediction and ephemerides of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs).We give in this paper some simulation tests to analyse the impact of Gaia data on known asteroids's orbit, and their value for the analysis of NEOs through the example of asteroid (99942) Apophis. We then present the need for a follow-up network for newly discovered asteroids by Gaia, insisting on the synergy of ground and space data for the orbital improvement

Dynamics of asteroids and near-Earth objects from Gaia astrometry

dynamics of asteroids and near-earth objects from gaia astrometry

publication audiencegaia astrometric mission launched spring mission concerned satellite thousands belt asteroids mbas earth neos precision astrometry orbital ephemerides potentially hazardous asteroids phas analyse gaia asteroids orbit neos asteroid apophis. newly discovered asteroids gaia insisting synergy orbital

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52669887

10.1103/PhysRevB.89.125130

International audienceWe report electronic Raman scattering measurements of Sr(Fe1−xCox)2As2 single crystals in their magnetic-Spin Density Wave (SDW) phase. The spectra display multiple, polarization-resolved SDW gaps as expected in a band-folding itinerant picture for a multiband system. The temperature dependence of the SDW gaps reveals an unusual evolution of the reconstructed electronic structure with at least one gap being activated only well below the magnetic SDW transition TN. A comparison with temperature dependent Hall measurements allows us to assign this activated behavior to a change in the Fermi surface topology deep in the SDW phase, which we attribute to the disappearance of a hole-like Fermi pocket. Our results highlight the strong sensitivity of the low energy electronic structure to temperature in iron-arsenide superconductors

Temperature-induced change in the Fermi surface topology in the spin density wave phase of Sr(Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2

temperature-induced change in the fermi surface topology in the spin density wave phase of sr(fe 1 − x co x ) 2 as 2

audiencewe raman −xcox crystals phase. display resolved gaps folding itinerant picture multiband system. gaps reveals unusual reconstructed hall assign fermi topology attribute disappearance fermi pocket. highlight iron arsenide superconductors

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52672979

10.1088/0741-3335/58/5/055003

International audienceTwo nonlinear regimes, depending on the magnetic Prandtl number Prm, are identified for magnetic islands described by resistive MHD equations. The frontier between these two regimes is sharp, and has the characteristics of a phase transition controlled by plasma viscosity. In the low Prm regime, a new form of the so-called flip instability, consisting of a sudden change of the island phase, is identified. Already known in the context of a forcing by external magnetic perturbations and localized current drive, it occurs spontaneously at low Prm. The main characteristics of this new structural instability are described. The low Prm regime is well described by the slab visco-resistive model in the linear phase, and is characterized by both a large saturation of the island and strong nonlinearly driven zonal flows (that do not impact significantly the island dynamics however), while curvature physics strongly impacts the viscous regime

Bifurcation of magnetic island saturation controlled by plasma viscosity

bifurcation of magnetic island saturation controlled by plasma viscosity

audiencetwo regimes prandtl islands resistive equations. frontier regimes sharp viscosity. flip instability consisting sudden island identified. forcing perturbations localized drive spontaneously prm. instability described. slab visco resistive saturation island nonlinearly zonal flows island curvature impacts viscous

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52677611

10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.08.014

International audienceMost modellings found in literature for the multiple cracking process of 1D composites can be categorised into three different approaches: a Continuous Approach (CA) that assumes an infinitely long composite, and two random approaches that consider composites of finite length. The Random Strength Approach (RSA) rests on a spatial discretization of the composite on which a strength distribution is applied, whereas the Random Crack Approach (RCA) generates the location and the strength of each new crack without any discretization. The first part of the paper lays the model and its statistical foundations. They are used to demonstrate that the three approaches should provide consistent results. The three approaches are then introduced, with special emphasis on the RCA as it is implemented for the first time without any approximation. Finally, the results provided by the three approaches are compared, confirming their full consistenc

Three consistent approaches of the multiple ckracking process in 1D composites

three consistent approaches of the multiple ckracking process in 1d composites

audiencemost modellings cracking composites categorised assumes infinitely composite composites length. rests discretization composite crack generates crack discretization. lays foundations. results. emphasis implemented approximation. confirming consistenc

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52702056

10.1016/j.physrep.2007.07.003

Propagation and tunneling of light through subwavelength photonic barriers, formed by dielectric layers with continuous spatial variations of dielectric susceptibility across the film are considered. Effects of giant heterogeneity-induced non-local dispersion, both normal and anomalous, are examined by means of a series of exact analytical solutions of Maxwell equations for gradient media. Generalized Fresnel formulae, visualizing a profound influence of gradient and curvature of dielectric susceptibility profiles on reflectance/transmittance of periodical photonic heterostructures are presented. Depending on the cutoff frequency of the barrier, governed by technologically managed spatial profile of its refractive index, propagation or tunneling of light through these barriers are examined. Nonattenuative transfer of EM energy by evanescent waves, tunneling through dielectric gradient barriers, characterized by real values of refractive index, decreasing in the depth of medium, is shown. Scaling of the obtained results for different spectral ranges of visible, IR and THz waves is illustrated. Potential of gradient optical structures for design of miniaturized filters, polarizers and frequency-selective interfaces of subwavelength thickness is considered

Gradient Optics of subwavelength nanofilms,

gradient optics of subwavelength nanofilms,

propagation tunneling subwavelength photonic barriers dielectric dielectric susceptibility film considered. giant heterogeneity anomalous maxwell media. fresnel formulae visualizing profound curvature dielectric susceptibility reflectance transmittance periodical photonic heterostructures presented. cutoff barrier governed technologically managed refractive propagation tunneling barriers examined. nonattenuative evanescent tunneling dielectric barriers refractive decreasing shown. ranges visible illustrated. miniaturized filters polarizers selective interfaces subwavelength

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52710373

10.1051/0004-6361/201527914

International audienceDaily observation conditions are needed when observing the Sun at high angular resolution. MISOLFA is a daytime seeing monitor developed for this purpose that allows the estimation of the spatial and temporal parameters of atmospheric turbulence. This information is necessary, for instance, for astrometric measurements of the solar radius performed at Calern Observatory (France) with SODISM II, the ground-based version of the SODISM instrument of the PICARD mission.We present a new way to estimate the spatial parameters of atmospheric turbulence for daily observations. This method is less sensitive to vibrations and guiding defaults of the telescope since it uses short-exposure images. It is based on the comparison of the optical transfer function obtained from solar data and the theoretical values deduced from the Kolmogorov and Von Ka`rma`n models. This method, previously tested on simulated solar images, is applied to real data recorded at Calern Observatory in July 2013 with the MISOLFA monitor.First, we use data recorded in the pupil plane mode of MISOLFA and evaluate the turbulence characteristic times of angle- of-arrival fluctuations: between 5 and 16 milliseconds. Second, we use the focal plane mode of MISOLFA to simultaneously record solar images to obtain isoplanatic angles: ranging from 1 to 5 arcseconds (in agreement with previously published values). These images and our new method allow Fried’s parameter to be measured; it ranges from 0.5 cm to 4.7 cm with a mean value of 1.5 cm when Kolmogorov’s model is considered, and from less than 0.5 to 2.6 cm with a mean value of 1.3 cm for the Von Ka`rma`n model. Measurements of the spatial coherence outer scale parameter are also obtained when using the Von Karman model; it ranges from 0.25 to 13 meters with a mean value of 3.4 meters for the four days of observation that we analyzed. We found that its value can undergo large variations in only a few hours and that more data analysis is needed to better define its statistics

Solar seeing monitor MISOLFA: A new method for estimating atmospheric turbulence parameters

solar seeing monitor misolfa: a new method for estimating atmospheric turbulence parameters

audiencedaily observing resolution. misolfa daytime seeing monitor turbulence. astrometric calern observatory sodism sodism instrument picard mission.we turbulence observations. vibrations guiding defaults telescope images. deduced kolmogorov models. calern observatory misolfa monitor.first pupil misolfa turbulence arrival milliseconds. focal misolfa simultaneously record isoplanatic angles ranging arcseconds fried’s ranges kolmogorov’s model. coherence outer karman ranges meters meters analyzed. undergo

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52711787

10.1016/j.eap.2015.11.006

International audienceDemand response is a cornerstone problem in electricity markets under climate change constraints. Most liberalized electricity markets have a poor track record at encouraging the deployment of smart meters and the development of demand response. In Europe, different models are considered for demand response, from a development under a regulated regime to a development under competitive perspectives. In this paper focusing on demand response and smart metering for mid-­‐size and small consumers, we investigate which types of market signals should be sent to demand managers to see demand response emerge as a competitive activity. Using data from the French power system over nine years , we compare the possible market design options which would enable the development of demand response. Our simulations demonstrate that under the current market rules demand response is not a profitable activity in the French electricity industry. Introducing a capacity market could bring additional revenues to demand response providers and improve incentives to put in place demand response programs in a market environment

Which electricity market design to encourage the development of demand response?

which electricity market design to encourage the development of demand response?

audiencedemand cornerstone electricity markets constraints. liberalized electricity markets track record encouraging deployment smart meters response. europe regulated competitive perspectives. focusing smart metering ­‐size consumers sent managers emerge competitive activity. french nine options enable response. profitable french electricity industry. introducing bring revenues providers incentives programs

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52720378

10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.014

International audienceSilica undersaturated melts such as nephelinites are very peculiar magmatic materials. Their occurrence on Earth is often associated with carbonatite melts. These low-silica melts can dissolve a large quantity of CO2 and are rich in alkalis. However, the way CO2 dissolves into these melts and the effect of different alkali elements are poorly constrained. We present experimental results on the CO2 solubility and speciation in synthetic nephelinite in the NKCMAS system, equilibrated at high-pressure (50-300 MPa), high-temperature (1250°C) with an excess C-O-H fluid phase. The nephelinitic glasses with 20 mol.% total alkali oxides were synthesized with varying K2O/(K2O+Na2O) ratio (denoted as #K) in order to investigate the differential effect of those two alkali cations on CO2 solubility and speciation. All experiments were conducted under oxidizing conditions (>NNO+3) resulting in binary fluid phase compositions with CO2 and H2O species. The CO2 content and speciation were investigated using Micro-Raman and Solid State NMR spectroscopies for 13C nucleus. We observe an increase in CO2 content as a function of pressure, consistent with previous studies but CO2 solubility is much higher than in alkali-poorer melts. The CO2 content is above 1 wt.% at 50 MPa and increases up to 4.5 wt.% at 300 MPa. The progressive replacement of Na by K (#K between 0 and 1) induces an increase in CO2 content. At 50 MPa, the CO2 solubility is ∼1.75 wt.% in the K-free glass (#K = 0) and increases up to ∼3.0 wt.% CO2 in Na-free glass (#K = 1). The change in CO2 solubility as a function of #K is discussed in terms of carbonatite genesis. The 13C NMR spectra show that carbonate (CO32-) environments can be attributed to carbonate species associated to non-bridging oxygen in agreement with the depolymerized nature of the investigated compositions. Two singular additional carbonated species were also identified with 13C NMR signatures at 161 and 165 ppm. Those species are assigned to isolated K+ ... CO32- ... H+ and Na+ ... CO32- ... H+ carbonate species. The presence of such isolated carbonate species is interpreted as possible precursors to carbonatitic melt genesis

Carbon dioxide in silica-undersaturated melt Part I: The effect of mixed alkalis (K and Na) on CO2 solubility and speciation

carbon dioxide in silica-undersaturated melt part i: the effect of mixed alkalis (k and na) on co2 solubility and speciation

audiencesilica undersaturated melts nephelinites peculiar magmatic materials. occurrence earth carbonatite melts. silica melts dissolve quantity alkalis. dissolves melts alkali poorly constrained. solubility speciation synthetic nephelinite nkcmas equilibrated excess phase. nephelinitic glasses mol. alkali oxides synthesized denoted alkali cations solubility speciation. oxidizing compositions species. speciation micro raman spectroscopies nucleus. solubility alkali poorer melts. mpa. progressive replacement induces content. solubility glass glass solubility carbonatite genesis. carbonate environments attributed carbonate bridging depolymerized compositions. singular carbonated signatures ppm. assigned carbonate species. carbonate interpreted precursors carbonatitic melt genesis

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52725753

10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.04.027

International audienceGeophysical survey by of the Pierrelaye-Bessancourt area revealed conductive polygon patterns of 20-30 m diameter detected between 0.5 and 1.7 m depth. The patterns are formed by greenish glauconite and carbonated sand hollows where clay-rich pedological horizons bend downward, forming narrow tongs extending up to 2-3 m depth. Such structures were interpreted as a buried polygonal ice-wedge network. Geometrical relationships between the lithological units allowed the identification of successive landscape events and a landscape chronology. The sequence started during the Saalian glaciation with (1) development of patterned grounds by thermokarstic cryoturbation; (2) consecutive deflation/erosion during post-permafrost aridity; (3) loess and eolian sand deposits; (4) weathering of the former deposits with development of pedogenic horizons during the Eemian interglacial; (5) recurrent cryoturbation and thermal cracking leading to infolding of the pedogenic horizons during the Pleniglacial optimum (Weichselian); (5) finally erosion that levelled the periglacial microreliefs, leading to the modern landscape. In this agricultural area, urban waste water has been spread and has led to high levels of metal pollution in the surface horizons of the soils. The polygonal cryogenic structures have major impacts on soil hydrology and dispersion/distribution of heavy metals toward the geological substrate

Periglacial morphogenesis in the Paris Basin: insight from geophysical survey and consequences for the fate of soil pollution.

periglacial morphogenesis in the paris basin: insight from geophysical survey and consequences for the fate of soil pollution.

audiencegeophysical pierrelaye bessancourt conductive polygon depth. greenish glauconite carbonated sand hollows clay pedological horizons bend downward forming narrow tongs extending depth. interpreted buried polygonal wedge network. geometrical lithological successive landscape landscape chronology. started saalian glaciation patterned grounds thermokarstic cryoturbation consecutive deflation erosion permafrost aridity loess eolian sand deposits weathering former deposits pedogenic horizons eemian interglacial recurrent cryoturbation cracking infolding pedogenic horizons pleniglacial optimum weichselian erosion levelled periglacial microreliefs modern landscape. agricultural waste spread pollution horizons soils. polygonal cryogenic impacts hydrology metals toward geological

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52736505

10.1007/s00410-010-0588-x

International audienceExperiments were conducted to determine the water solubility of alkali basalts from Etna, Stromboli and Vesuvius volcanoes, Italy. The basaltic melts were equilibrated at 1,200°C with pure water, under oxidized conditions, and at pressures ranging from 163 to 3,842 bars. Our results show that at pressures above 1 kbar, alkali basalts dissolve more water than typical mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Combination of our data with those from previous studies allows the following simple empirical model for the water solubility of basalts of varying alkalinity and fO2 to be derived: $$ {\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}\left( {{\text{wt}}\% } \right) = {\text{ H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}_{\text{MORB}} \left( {{\text{wt}}\% } \right) + \left( {5.84 \times 10^{ - 5} *{\text{P}} - 2.29 \times 10^{ - 2} } \right) \times \left( {{\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{O}} + {\text{K}}_{2} {\text{O}}} \right)\left( {{\text{wt}}\% } \right) + 4.67 \times 10^{ - 2} \times \Updelta {\text{NNO}} - 2.29 \times 10^{ - 1} $$ where H2OMORB is the water solubility at the calculated P, using the model of Dixon et al. (1995). This equation reproduces the existing database on water solubilities in basaltic melts to within 5%. Interpretation of the speciation data in the context of the glass transition theory shows that water speciation in basalt melts is severely modified during quench. At magmatic temperatures, more than 90% of dissolved water forms hydroxyl groups at all water contents, whilst in natural or synthetic glasses, the amount of molecular water is much larger. A regular solution model with an explicit temperature dependence reproduces well-observed water species. Derivation of the partial molar volume of molecular water using standard thermodynamic considerations yields values close to previous findings if room temperature water species are used. When high temperature species proportions are used, a negative partial molar volume is obtained for molecular water. Calculation of the partial molar volume of total water using H2O solubility data on basaltic melts at pressures above 1 kbar yields a value of 19 cm3/mol in reasonable agreement with estimates obtained from density measurements

The H2O solubility of alkali basaltic melts: an experimental study

the h2o solubility of alkali basaltic melts: an experimental study

audienceexperiments solubility alkali basalts etna stromboli vesuvius volcanoes italy. basaltic melts equilibrated oxidized pressures ranging bars. pressures kbar alkali basalts dissolve ocean ridge basalts morb solubility basalts alkalinity morb updelta omorb solubility dixon reproduces solubilities basaltic melts speciation glass speciation basalt melts severely quench. magmatic dissolved hydroxyl contents whilst synthetic glasses larger. reproduces species. derivation molar thermodynamic considerations room used. proportions molar water. molar solubility basaltic melts pressures kbar reasonable

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52737077

10.1007/s00531-010-0575-5

International audienceThis paper describes an olistostrome formation and accompanied bimodal volcanic rocks occurring in the Baiyanggou area, south of Bogda Shan. The main lithotectonic units consist of olistostrome, volcanic rocks and turbidite. The olistostrome is tectonically underlain by Upper Carboniferous limestone and sandstone along a NEE-trending detachment fault. Paleo-growth fault is locally observed. The olistostrome unit includes plenty of blocks of limestone, sandstone, rhyolite and volcaniclastic rocks, and a matrix of graywacke. Limestone blocks are dated as Pennsylvanian-Bashkirian in age by the coral and brachiopod fossils that are extensively recognized in the Upper Carboniferous strata. The volcanic unit consists of pillowed and massive basalt and rhyolite, the latter occur as an 8- to 10-meter-thick layer above the olistostrome unit. The turbidite unit is mainly composed of chert, siliceous mudstone and sandstone, within which the Bouma sequence can be locally recognized. Meter-wide gabbro and diabase dykes intrude these three units. Geochemically, rhyolites are characterized by high ACNK value of >1.1, depletion of Ba, Nb and Sm, and enrichment in Rb, Th and Zr. Basaltic rocks are rich in K2O, they show a LREE-enriched pattern and depletion in Ba, Nb and Zr, and enrichment in Ti, Ce and Hf, similar to continental rift-type tholeiite series. A gabbro porphyrite intruding the olistostrome was dated at 288 ± 3 Ma by a sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U-Pb method, and a rhyolite at 297 ± 2 Ma by a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICPMS) zircon U-Pb method. The Baiyanggou olistostrome and accompanying bimodal volcanic series are linked to an extensional setting that developed in the south of the Bogda Shan. Several lines of evidence, e.g. occurrence of large-scale strike-slip shear zones, large number of mantle-derived magmatic rocks and available geochronological data, demonstrate a significant geodynamic change from convergence to extension in the Chinese Tianshan belt, even in the whole Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The extension in the Chinese Tianshan belt is initiated at ca. 300 Ma, i.e. around Carboniferous-Permian boundary times, and the peak period of intra-plate magmatism occurred in the interval of 300-250 Ma

Timing of initiation of extension in the Tianshan, based on structural, geochemical and geochronological analyses of bimodal volcanism and olistostrome in the Bogda Shan (NW China)

timing of initiation of extension in the tianshan, based on structural, geochemical and geochronological analyses of bimodal volcanism and olistostrome in the bogda shan (nw china)

audiencethis describes olistostrome accompanied bimodal volcanic rocks occurring baiyanggou bogda shan. lithotectonic consist olistostrome volcanic rocks turbidite. olistostrome tectonically underlain carboniferous limestone sandstone trending detachment fault. paleo fault locally observed. olistostrome plenty blocks limestone sandstone rhyolite volcaniclastic rocks graywacke. limestone blocks dated pennsylvanian bashkirian coral brachiopod fossils extensively recognized carboniferous strata. volcanic pillowed massive basalt rhyolite meter thick olistostrome unit. turbidite composed chert siliceous mudstone sandstone bouma locally recognized. meter gabbro diabase dykes intrude units. geochemically rhyolites acnk depletion enrichment basaltic rocks lree enriched depletion enrichment continental rift tholeiite series. gabbro porphyrite intruding olistostrome dated microprobe shrimp zircon rhyolite ablation inductively spectrometer icpms zircon method. baiyanggou olistostrome accompanying bimodal volcanic extensional bogda shan. e.g. occurrence strike slip zones mantle magmatic rocks geochronological geodynamic chinese tianshan belt asian orogenic belt. chinese tianshan belt initiated i.e. carboniferous permian intra plate magmatism occurred

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52761274

10.1088/0264-9381/24/19/S01

International audienceThe commissioning of the Virgo gravitational wave detector has restarted after several major hardware upgrades carried out during winter 2005. Now Virgo is fully operative and its sensitivity greatly improved and continually improving. A program of short scientific data taking has already started and Virgo is moving towards a period of continuous data taking, which should start at the end of May 2007. The actual status of the Virgo detector is reported, describing the actual detector sensitivity as well as the limiting noises and the mid-term plans

Status of Virgo detector

status of virgo detector

audiencethe commissioning virgo gravitational restarted hardware upgrades winter virgo operative greatly continually improving. started virgo moving virgo describing limiting noises plans

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52792912

10.1051/0004-6361:20077470

International audienceContext: Observation of star occultations is a powerful tool to determine shapes and sizes of asteroids. This is key information necessary for studying the evolution of the asteroid belt and to calibrate indirect methods of size determination, such as the models used to analyze thermal infrared observations. Up to now, the observation of asteroid occultations is an activity essentially secured by amateur astronomers equipped with small, portable equipments. However, the accuracy of the available ephemeris prevents accurate predictions of the occultation events for objects smaller than ~100 km. Aims: We investigate current limits in predictability and observability of asteroid occultations, and we study their possible evolution in the future, when high accuracy asteroid orbits and star positions (such as those expected from the mission Gaia of the European Space Agency) will be available. Methods: We use a simple model for asteroid ephemeris uncertainties and numerical algorithms for estimating the limits imposed by the instruments, assuming realistic CCD performances and asteroid size distribution, to estimate the expected occultation rate under different conditions. Results: We show that high accuracy ephemerides which will be available in the future will extend toward much smaller asteroids the possibility of observing asteroid occultations, greatly increasing the number of events and objects involved. A complete set of size measurements down to ~10 km main belt asteroids could be obtained in a few years, provided that a small network of ground-based 1m telescopes are devoted to occultation studies

Asteroid occultations today and tomorrow: toward the GAIA era

asteroid occultations today and tomorrow: toward the gaia era

audiencecontext occultations powerful shapes sizes asteroids. studying asteroid belt calibrate indirect analyze infrared observations. asteroid occultations essentially secured amateur astronomers equipped portable equipments. ephemeris prevents occultation aims predictability observability asteroid occultations asteroid orbits mission gaia agency available. asteroid ephemeris estimating imposed instruments realistic performances asteroid occultation conditions. ephemerides extend toward asteroids observing asteroid occultations greatly involved. belt asteroids telescopes devoted occultation

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52837927

10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.12.004

International audienceIODP 339 Site U1385 ("Shackleton site", e.g. Hodell et al., 2013a), from the SW Iberianmargin, offers the opportunity to study marine microfossil population dynamics bycomparing several past interglacials and to test natural shifts of species that occurred acrossthese warm periods, in a subtropical context. Here, more specifically, we present resultsobtained for the dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) population integrated at a regional scalethanks to the addition of data from proximal sites from southern Iberian margin. Whenpossible, observations made using the dinocyst bio-indicator are compared to additionalproxies from the same records in order to test the synchronicity of the marine biotaresponse. Pollen data available for some of the compiled marine sequences also offer theopportunity to directly compare marine biota with terrestrial ecosystem responses. Thisspatio-temporal compilation reveals that, over the last 800 ka, surface waters around Iberiawere tightly coupled to (rapid) climate changes and were characterised by coherent dinocystassemblage patterns, highlighting a permanent connection between Atlantic andMediterranean waters as evidenced through a continuous exchange of dinocyst populations.Some index species well illustrate the evolution of the regional hydrographic context alongtime, as for instance Spiniferites and Impagidinium species, together with Lingulodiniummachaerophorum, Bitectatodinium tepikiense and heterotrophic brown cysts. Theyconstitute key bio-indicators in context of natural environmental shifts at long and shorttimescales

Dinoflagellate cyst population evolution throughout past interglacials: Key features along the Iberian margin and insights from the new IODP Site U1385 (Exp 339)

dinoflagellate cyst population evolution throughout past interglacials: key features along the iberian margin and insights from the new iodp site u1385 (exp 339)

audienceiodp shackleton e.g. hodell iberianmargin offers opportunity marine microfossil bycomparing interglacials shifts occurred acrossthese warm subtropical context. resultsobtained dinoflagellate cyst dinocyst scalethanks proximal southern iberian margin. whenpossible dinocyst indicator additionalproxies records synchronicity marine biotaresponse. pollen compiled marine offer theopportunity marine biota terrestrial ecosystem responses. thisspatio compilation reveals waters iberiawere tightly characterised coherent dinocystassemblage highlighting permanent connection atlantic andmediterranean waters evidenced dinocyst populations.some illustrate hydrographic alongtime spiniferites impagidinium lingulodiniummachaerophorum bitectatodinium tepikiense heterotrophic brown cysts. theyconstitute indicators shifts shorttimescales

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52847822

10.1080/10255842.2012.7136

International audienceCollision-free navigation requires avoiding static and moving obstacles as well as other humans. Our objective was to identify the conditions that lead to avoidance manoeuvres in locomotor trajectories of two walkers. Based on the assumption of a reciprocal interaction, we suggested a mutual variable, the Minimum Predicted Distance (MPD), which emphasises the risk of collision and describes the general collision avoidance behaviour. We concluded that walkers are able to accurately predict crossing distances and to react accordingly. The avoidance is performed with anticipation, i.e., maneuvers are ended time before interaction ended. However, our analysis focused on the mutual aspects of interaction. Future work is still required to investigate the nature of each walker reactions to avoid collision

Minimal predicted distance: a kinematic cue to investigate collision avoidance between walkers

minimal predicted distance: a kinematic cue to investigate collision avoidance between walkers

audiencecollision navigation avoiding moving obstacles humans. avoidance manoeuvres locomotor trajectories walkers. reciprocal mutual emphasises collision describes collision avoidance behaviour. concluded walkers accurately predict crossing distances react accordingly. avoidance anticipation i.e. maneuvers ended ended. focused mutual interaction. walker avoid collision

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52848405

10.1023/A:1011036929162

International audienceModeling of solute transport remains a key issue in the area of groundwater contamination. The fundamental processes of solute transport are advection and dispersion and an accurate description is needed for all modeling studies. The most common approach (advection-dispersion equation) considers an average advective flow rate and a Fickian-like dispersion. Here we propose a more accurate approach: advection is a function of the dispersive behavior of the solute and of medium characteristics. This method provides useful insight for the dispersion process in general. The aim of this article is to present the mathematical background of the random walk model and a simple numerical application

A stochastic model of transport in three-dimensional porous media

a stochastic model of transport in three-dimensional porous media

audiencemodeling solute groundwater contamination. solute advection studies. advection considers advective fickian dispersion. propose advection dispersive solute characteristics. insight general. mathematical walk

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52850668

10.1007/s00397-005-0074-y

the original publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/pn3034u81144458g/International audienceWe developed a model to predict the ram extrusion force of frictional plastic materials such as cement-based pastes. The extrusion of cement-based materials has already been studied, but the interaction between shaping force and paste behaviour still have to be understood. Our model is based on the plastic frictional behaviour of cement-based materials and integrates the physical mechanisms that govern material extrusion flow and extrusion force increase. When the process starts, a pressure gradient is created in the extruder due to wall friction of the paste that is submitted to plug flow. It induces a consolidation of the material. As a result, a large increase of extrusion force appears. A Coulomb law is used to model cement-based materials, which is considered as consolidating granular media. Such modelling is compared with experimental results. Tests were carried out on extrudible cement pastes. Modelling and experimental results are in good agreement

Ram extrusion force for a frictional plastic material: model prediction and application to cement paste

ram extrusion force for a frictional plastic material: model prediction and application to cement paste

publication audiencewe predict extrusion frictional plastic cement pastes. extrusion cement shaping paste understood. plastic frictional cement integrates govern extrusion extrusion increase. starts created extruder friction paste submitted plug flow. induces consolidation material. extrusion appears. coulomb cement consolidating granular media. results. extrudible cement pastes.

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52851399

10.1098/rsta.2010.0340

International audienceEpisodic events like hurricanes, storms and frontal- and eddy-driven upwelling can alter the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) at the sea surface by entraining subsurface waters into the surface mixed layer (ML) of the ocean. Since pCO₂ is a function of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), temperature (T), salinity and alkalinity, it responds to the combined impacts of physical, chemical and biological changes. Here, we present an analytical framework for assessing the relative magnitude and sign in the short-term perturbation of surface pCO₂ arising from vertical mixing events. Using global, monthly, climatological datasets, we assess the individual, as well as integrated, contribution of various properties to surface pCO₂ in response to episodic mixing. The response depends on the relative vertical gradients of properties beneath the ML. Many areas of the ocean exhibit very little sensitivity to mixing owing to the compensatory effects of DIC and T on pCO₂, whereas others, such as the eastern upwelling margins, have the potential to generate large positive/negative anomalies in surface pCO₂. The response varies seasonally and spatially and becomes more intense in subtropical and subpolar regions during summer. Regions showing a greater pCO₂ response to vertical mixing are likely to exhibit higher spatial variability in surface pCO₂ on time scales of days

Impact of episodic vertical fluxes on sea surface pC02

impact of episodic vertical fluxes on sea surface pc02

audienceepisodic hurricanes storms frontal eddy upwelling alter entraining subsurface waters ocean. dissolved inorganic salinity alkalinity responds impacts changes. assessing perturbation arising events. monthly climatological datasets episodic mixing. gradients beneath ocean exhibit owing compensatory eastern upwelling margins anomalies varies seasonally spatially intense subtropical subpolar summer. exhibit

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52851752

10.1099/ijs.0.011460-0

En libre-accès sur Archimer : http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00001/11201/7846.pdfInternational audienceA novel Gram-negative bacteria, named CZ41_10a(T), was isolated from coastal surface waters of the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Cells were motile, pleomorphic rods, 1.6 mum long and 0.7 mum wide and formed cream colonies on marine agar medium. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the new isolate in the genus Thalassobaculum, a member of the family Rhodospirillaceae, class Alphaproteobacteria. Unlike Thalassobaculum litoreum CL-GR58(T), its closest relative, strain CZ41_10a(T) was unable to grow anaerobically and did not exhibit nitrate reductase activity. On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid content and physiological and biochemical characteristics, this isolate represents a novel species for which the name Thalassobaculum salexigens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CZ41_10a(T) (=DSM 19539(T)=CIP 109604(T)=MOLA [corrected] 84(T)). An emended description of the genus Thalassobaculum is also given

Thalassobaculum salexigens sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodospirillaceae from the NW Mediterranean Sea, and emended description of the genus Thalassobaculum

thalassobaculum salexigens sp. nov., a new member of the family rhodospirillaceae from the nw mediterranean sea, and emended description of the genus thalassobaculum

libre accès archimer .pdfinternational audiencea gram bacteria named coastal waters mediterranean sea. motile pleomorphic rods cream colonies marine agar medium. genomic phylogenetic rrna placed isolate genus thalassobaculum member rhodospirillaceae alphaproteobacteria. unlike thalassobaculum litoreum closest unable grow anaerobically exhibit nitrate reductase activity. hybridization fatty physiological biochemical isolate name thalassobaculum salexigens nov. proposed. mola corrected emended genus thalassobaculum

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52899833

10.1063/1.4796133

International audienceLiquid oxygen, which is paramagnetic, also undergoes Leidenfrost effect at room temperature. In this article, we first study the deformation of oxygen drops in a magnetic field and show that it can be described via an effective capillary length, which includes the magnetic force. In a second part, we describe how these ultra-mobile drops passing above a magnet significantly slow down and can even be trapped. The critical velocity below which a drop is captured is determined from the deformation induced by the field. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796133

Reshaping and capturing Leidenfrost drops with a magnet

reshaping and capturing leidenfrost drops with a magnet

audienceliquid paramagnetic undergoes leidenfrost room temperature. deformation drops capillary force. ultra mobile drops passing magnet slow trapped. drop captured deformation field.

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52911105

10.1016/0955-7997(95)00022-G

This paper deals with symmetric variational regularized BIE formulations for the mixed elastostatic boundary-value problem. A direct version (i.e. in terms of unknown boundary displacement and tractions) is first established. The formulation expresses the stationarity of an augmented potential energy functional, thus being truly a variational BIE formulation. Then an indirect version (in terms of unknown fictitious densities) is established from the direct one. Both are expressed using at most weakly singular integrals followed by regular integrals, by means of a combined use of indirect regularization and Stokes theorem. The displacements and tractions are required to be C0,α continuous and piecewise continuous respectively, thus conventional BEM interpolation of any degree may be used. These formulations provide a basis for the numerical solution of 3D elastic problems. The numerical evaluation of the singular integrals that arise in the process is discussed. The formulations presented here provide some understanding of the underlying principles as well as a sound working base for Galerkin boundary element analysis of elastic problems

Regularized direct and indirect symmetric variational BIE formulations for three-dimensional elasticity.

regularized direct and indirect symmetric variational bie formulations for three-dimensional elasticity.

deals variational regularized formulations elastostatic problem. i.e. unknown displacement tractions established. formulation expresses stationarity augmented truly variational formulation. indirect unknown fictitious densities one. weakly singular integrals integrals indirect regularization stokes theorem. displacements tractions piecewise interpolation used. formulations elastic problems. singular integrals arise discussed. formulations principles sound galerkin elastic

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53014676

10.1007/s10758-006-0005-8

En open access sur http://www.springerlink.com/content/k2k616x254q34236/?p=fa97ce28e2884c20834f83d7d8f92a2e&pi=1International audienceE-Exercise Bases (EEB) are now used in the teaching of mathematics, especially at university. We discuss here the consequences of their use on the students' activity during computer lab sessions. Results stem from observations of several teaching designs organised in different French universities with three e-exercise bases. The analysis focuses on new tasks and on specific solving strategies, which appear using these resources. Moreover, specific didactic contract clauses are studied

Using E-Exercise Bases in Mathematics: Case Studies at University

using e-exercise bases in mathematics: case studies at university

audiencee exercise bases teaching mathematics university. consequences sessions. teaching designs organised french universities exercise bases. focuses tasks solving resources. didactic contract clauses

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53185339

10.1016/j.cageo.2016.06.001

The paper presents the spatial Markov Chains (spMC) R-package and a case study of subsoil simulation/prediction located in a plain site of Northeastern Italy. spMC is a quite complete collection of advanced methods for data inspection, besides spMC implements Markov Chain models to estimate experimental transition probabilities of categorical lithological data. Furthermore, simulation methods based on most known prediction methods (as indicator Kriging and CoKriging) were implemented in spMC package. Moreover, other more advanced methods are available for simulations, e.g. path methods and Bayesian procedures, that exploit the maximum entropy. Since the spMC package was developed for intensive geostatistical computations, part of the code is implemented for parallel computations via the OpenMP constructs. A final analysis of this computational efficiency compares the simulation/prediction algorithms by using different numbers of CPU cores, and considering the example data set of the case study included in the package. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

spMC: an R-package for 3D lithological reconstructions based on spatial Markov chains

spmc: an r-package for 3d lithological reconstructions based on spatial markov chains

presents markov chains spmc package subsoil plain northeastern italy. spmc advanced inspection besides spmc implements markov probabilities categorical lithological data. indicator kriging cokriging implemented spmc package. advanced e.g. bayesian exploit entropy. spmc package intensive geostatistical computations implemented computations openmp constructs. compares cores package. ltd. rights reserved

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54828954

10.1007/978-3-642-53842-1_24

International audienceTerrestrialLaserScanning(TLS)techniqueistodaywidelyusedingroundplotstoacquire3Dpointcloudsfromwhichforestin-ventoryattributesarecalculated.Inthecaseofmixedplantingswherethe3Dpointcloudscontaindatafromseveraldifferenttreespecies,itisimportanttobeabletoautomaticallyrecognizethetreespeciesinordertoanalyzethedataofeachofthespeciesseparately.AlthoughautomatictreespeciesrecognitionfromTLSdataisanimportantproblem,ithasreceivedverylittleattentionfromthescientificcommunity.InthispaperweproposeamethodforclassifyingfivedifferenttreespeciesusingTLSdata.Ourmethodisbasedontheanalysisofthe3Dgeometrictextureofthebarkinordertocomputeroughnessmeasuresandshapecharacteris-ticsthatarefedasinputtoaRandomForestclassifiertoclassifythetreespecies.Themethodhasbeenevaluatedonatestsetcomposedof265samples(53samplesofeachofthe5species)andtheresultsobtainedareveryencouraging

Tree Species Classification Based on 3D Bark Texture Analysis

tree species classification based on 3d bark texture analysis

audienceterrestriallaserscanning techniqueistodaywidelyusedingroundplotstoacquire dpointcloudsfromwhichforestin ventoryattributesarecalculated.inthecaseofmixedplantingswherethe dpointcloudscontaindatafromseveraldifferenttreespecies itisimportanttobeabletoautomaticallyrecognizethetreespeciesinordertoanalyzethedataofeachofthespeciesseparately.althoughautomatictreespeciesrecognitionfromtlsdataisanimportantproblem ithasreceivedverylittleattentionfromthescientificcommunity.inthispaperweproposeamethodforclassifyingfivedifferenttreespeciesusingtlsdata.ourmethodisbasedontheanalysisofthe dgeometrictextureofthebarkinordertocomputeroughnessmeasuresandshapecharacteris ticsthatarefedasinputtoarandomforestclassifiertoclassifythetreespecies.themethodhasbeenevaluatedonatestsetcomposedof samplesofeachofthe andtheresultsobtainedareveryencouraging

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71039253

10.1088/0954-3899/42/3/034001

The possibility of adding a D-wave term to the standard Skyrme effective interaction has been widely considered in the past. Such a term has been shown to appear in the next-to-next-to-leading order of the Skyrme pseudo-potential. The aim of the present article is to provide the necessary tools to incorporate this term in a fitting procedure: first, a mean-field equation written in spherical symmetry in order to describe spherical nuclei and second, the response function to detect unphysical instabilities. With these tools it will be possible to build a new fitting procedure to determine the coupling constants of the new functional

Tools for incorporating a D-wave contribution in Skyrme energy density functionals

tools for incorporating a d-wave contribution in skyrme energy density functionals

adding skyrme widely past. skyrme pseudo potential. incorporate fitting spherical spherical nuclei detect unphysical instabilities. build fitting

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77222359

10.1007/978-3-319-44817-6_1

The software development industry is dominated by a myriad of smaller organizations world-wide, including very small entities (VSEs), which have up to 25 people. Managing software process is a big challenge for practitioners. In 2011, due to the VSEs’ increasing importance, a set of ISO/IEC 29110 standards and guides were released. Although other initiatives are devoted to small entities, ISO/IEC 29110 is becoming the widely adopted standard. But it is an emerging standard and practitioners need to be actively engaged in their learning. In this sense, serious games offer the potential to entertain and educate. This study shows empirical evidence to support the overall applicability of the game proposed as learning tool. Moreover, the results indicate that the learning tool creates a positive experience, and therefore could be used as a strategy to promote the standard

Bridging the gap between SPI and SMEs in educational settings: a learning tool suporting ISO/IEC 29110

bridging the gap between spi and smes in educational settings: a learning tool suporting iso/iec 29110

dominated myriad organizations entities vses people. managing challenge practitioners. vses’ standards guides released. initiatives devoted entities becoming widely adopted standard. emerging practitioners actively engaged learning. serious games offer entertain educate. applicability game tool. creates promote

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78496682

10.1080/01691864.2015.1082501

In this article, we address the question of how the flight efficiency of Micro Aerial Vehicles with variable wing geometry can be inspired by the biomechanics of bats.We use a bat-like drone with highly articulated wings using shape memory alloys (SMA) as artificial muscle-like actuators. The possibility of actively changing the wing shape by controlling the SMA actuators, let us study the effects of different wing modulation patterns on lift generation, drag reduction, and the energy cost of a wingbeat cycle. To this purpose, we present an energy-model for estimating the energy cost required by the wings during a wingbeat cycle, using experimental aerodynamic and inertial force data as inputs to the energy-model. Results allowed us determining that faster contraction of the wings during the upstroke, and slower extension during the downstroke enables to reduce the energy cost of flapping in our prototype

Towards efficient flight: insights on proper morphing-wing modulation in a bat-like robot

towards efficient flight: insights on proper morphing-wing modulation in a bat-like robot

flight micro aerial vehicles wing inspired biomechanics bats.we drone articulated wings alloys artificial actuators. actively changing wing controlling actuators wing modulation lift drag wingbeat cycle. estimating wings wingbeat aerodynamic inertial inputs model. determining faster contraction wings upstroke slower downstroke enables flapping prototype

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80739678

10.1063/1.4974764

A thermionic bare tether (TBT) is a long conductor coated with a low work-function material. In\ud drag mode, a tether segment extending from anodic end A to a zero-bias point B, with the standard\ud Orbital-motion-limited current collection, is followed by a complex cathodic segment. In general,\ud as bias becomes more negative in moving from B to cathodic end C, one first finds space-chargelimited\ud (SCL) emission covering up to some intermediate point B*, then full Richardson-Dushman\ud (RD) emission reaching from B* to end C. An approximate analytical study, which combines the\ud current and voltage profile equations with results from asymptotic studies of the Vlasov-Poisson system for emissive probes, is carried out to determine the parameter domain covering two limit regimes, which are effectively controlled by just two dimensionless parameters involving ambient plasma and TBT material properties. In one such limit regime, no point B* is reached and thus no segment full RD emission develops. In an opposite regime, SCL segment BB* is too short to contribute significantly to the current balance

Analysis of thermionic bare tether operation regimes in passive mode

analysis of thermionic bare tether operation regimes in passive mode

thermionic bare tether conductor coated material. drag tether segment extending anodic orbital cathodic segment. moving cathodic finds chargelimited covering richardson dushman reaching approximate combines asymptotic vlasov poisson emissive probes covering regimes effectively dimensionless involving ambient properties. reached segment develops. opposite segment balance

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82045410

10.1016/j.pedn.2014.10.011

This qualitative study described children's (8–13years old) perspectives of their chronic health conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, cystic fibrosis): how they perceived their condition, its management, and its implications for their future. The study used the family management style framework (FMSF) to examine child perspectives on the joint venture of condition management between the child and family. Children within this age group viewed condition management in ways similar to their parents and have developed their own routines around condition management. Future studies of this phenomenon comparing child and parent perspectives would further our understanding of the influence of family management

Children With Chronic Conditions: Perspectives on Condition Management

children with chronic conditions: perspectives on condition management

qualitative perspectives e.g. asthma cystic fibrosis perceived future. style fmsf examine perspectives venture family. viewed ways parents routines management. phenomenon parent perspectives

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82252119

10.1038/jid.2015.177

This study delineates the mechanisms by which UVB regulates protein synthesis in human keratinocytes and the importance of translational control in cell survival. Translation initiation is regulated by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2-P) that causes decreased global protein synthesis coincident with enhanced translation of selected stress-related transcripts, such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). ATF4 is a transcriptional activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) that has cytoprotective functions as well as apoptotic signals through the downstream transcriptional regulator C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; GADD153/DDIT3). We determined that UVB irradiation is a potent inducer of eIF2-P in keratinocytes, leading to decreased levels of translation initiation. However, expression of ATF4 or CHOP was not induced by UVB as compared with traditional ISR activators. The rationale for this discordant response is that ATF4 mRNA is reduced by UVB, and despite its ability to be preferentially translated, there are diminished levels of available transcript. Forced expression of ATF4 and CHOP protein before UVB irradiation significantly enhanced apoptosis, suggesting that this portion of the ISR is deleterious in keratinocytes following UVB. Inhibition of eIF2-P and translational control reduced viability following UVB that was alleviated by cycloheximide (CHX), indicating that translation repression through eIF2-P is central to keratinocyte survival

Translational Repression Protects Human Keratinocytes from UVB-Induced Apoptosis through a Discordant eIF2 Kinase Stress Response

translational repression protects human keratinocytes from uvb-induced apoptosis through a discordant eif2 kinase stress response

delineates regulates keratinocytes translational survival. translation initiation regulated phosphorylation eukaryotic initiation coincident translation transcripts activating transcriptional activator cytoprotective apoptotic downstream transcriptional regulator homologous chop gadd ddit irradiation potent inducer keratinocytes translation initiation. chop traditional activators. rationale discordant preferentially translated diminished transcript. forced chop irradiation apoptosis portion deleterious keratinocytes uvb. translational viability alleviated cycloheximide translation repression keratinocyte

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83606890

10.1038/s41598-017-02624-0

Accurate pH measurements in polar waters and sea ice brines require pH indicator dyes characterized at near-zero and below-zero temperatures and high salinities. We present experimentally determined physical and chemical characteristics of purified meta-Cresol Purple (mCP) pH indicator dye suitable for pH measurements in seawater and conservative seawater-derived brines at salinities (S) between 35 and 100 and temperatures (T) between their freezing point and 298.15 K (25 °C). Within this temperature and salinity range, using purified mCP and a novel thermostated spectrophotometric device, the pH on the total scale (pHT) can be calculated from direct measurements of the absorbance ratio R of the dye in natural samples as\ud \ud pHT=−log(kT2e2)+log(R−e11−Re3e2)\ud \ud Based on the mCP characterization in these extended conditions, the temperature and salinity dependence of the molar absorptivity ratios and − log(kT2e2)\ud of purified mCP is described by the following functions: e1 = −0.004363 + 3.598 × 10−5T, e3/e2 = −0.016224 + 2.42851 × 10−4T + 5.05663 × 10−5(S − 35), and − log(kT2e2) = −319.8369 + 0.688159 S −0.00018374 S2 + (10508.724 − 32.9599 S + 0.059082S2) T−1 + (55.54253 − 0.101639 S) ln T −0.08112151T. This work takes the characterisation of mCP beyond the currently available ranges of 278.15 K ≤ T ≤ 308.15 K and 20 ≤ S ≤ 40 in natural seawater, thereby allowing high quality pHT measurements in polar systems

Characterization of meta-Cresol Purple for spectrophotometric pH measurements in saline and hypersaline media at sub-zero temperatures

characterization of meta-cresol purple for spectrophotometric ph measurements in saline and hypersaline media at sub-zero temperatures

polar waters brines indicator dyes salinities. experimentally purified meta cresol purple indicator seawater conservative seawater brines salinities freezing salinity purified thermostated spectrophotometric absorbance −log salinity molar absorptivity purified characterisation ranges seawater thereby allowing polar

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83953900

10.1016/j.techfore.2017.06.016

High-technology firms per se are perceived to be more risky than other, more conventional, firms. It follows that financial institutions will take this into account when designing loan contracts, and that this will manifest itself in more costly debt. In this paper we empirically test whether the provision of a government loan guarantee fundamentally changes the way lenders price debt to high-tech firms. Further, we also examine whether there are differential loan price effects of a public guarantee depending on the nature of the firms themselves and the nature of the economic and innovation environment that surrounds them. Using a large UK dataset of 29,266 guarantee backed loans we find that there is a high-tech risk premium which is justified by higher default, but, in general, that this premium is altered significantly when a public guarantee is provided for all firms. Further, all these loan price effects differ on precise spatial economic and innovation attributes

The innovation debt penalty: cost of debt, loan default, and the effects of a public loan guarantee on high-tech firms

the innovation debt penalty: cost of debt, loan default, and the effects of a public loan guarantee on high-tech firms

firms perceived risky firms. institutions designing loan contracts manifest costly debt. empirically provision loan guarantee fundamentally lenders debt tech firms. examine loan guarantee firms innovation surrounds them. dataset guarantee backed loans tech premium justified default premium altered guarantee firms. loan precise innovation attributes

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84138560

10.1007/978-3-319-13749-0_14

We propose a solution based on networks of picture processors to the problem of picture pattern matching. The network solving the problem can be informally described as follows: it consists of two subnetworks, one of them extracts simultaneously all subpictures of the same size from the input picture and sends them to the second subnetwork. The second subnetwork checks whether any of the received pictures is identical to the pattern. We present an efficient solution based on networks with evolutionary processors only, for patterns with at most three rows or columns. Afterwards, we present a solution based on networks containing both evolutionary and hiding processors running in O(n+m+kl+k) computational (processing and communication) steps, where the input picture and the pattern are of size (n,m) and (k,l), respectively

Solving 2D-pattern matching with networks of picture processors

solving 2d-pattern matching with networks of picture processors

propose picture processors picture matching. solving informally subnetworks extracts simultaneously subpictures picture sends subnetwork. subnetwork checks pictures pattern. evolutionary processors rows columns. afterwards evolutionary hiding processors running picture

exact_dup

94522712

10.1080/17445647.2016.1239557

In the expanding constellation of collaborative map-making initiatives, a growing number of small local projects coexist along with more ambitious and global ones. In developing countries, their existence is not only compatible and complementary, but also necessary, since they meet different needs and pursue diverse and essential objectives, in addition to collecting and sharing geo-located data. In this context, this paper describes the León Emergente initiative, a collaborative living atlas for the city of León in Nicaragua. The results are presented through two main maps that illustrate, for the first time, the formal and informal economic activity of the city as well as the health facilities in relation to the distribution of population across the city. The paper also describes the Leon Emergente online platform and presents a number of online maps that not only represent, but also collect data on different urban aspects and dynamics

Collaborative mapping of emerging cities in developing countries: the León Emergente Project

collaborative mapping of emerging cities in developing countries: the león emergente project

expanding constellation collaborative initiatives growing projects coexist ambitious ones. compatible complementary meet pursue diverse objectives collecting sharing data. describes león emergente initiative collaborative living atlas city león nicaragua. illustrate formal informal city facilities city. describes leon emergente platform presents collect

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11992163

10.1002/pssa.200778650

Rapid identification of a range of hazardous airborne biological and chemical agents requires simultaneous detection at several specific wavelengths, and consequently a set of photodetectors with very narrow-band spectral responsivity. We demonstrate two ultraviolet photodetection configurations based on strained M-plane GaN films on LiAlO2(100) substrates grown by molecular-beam epitaxy with a detection bandwidth below 8 nm. The optical band gap of the film depends on the orientation of the linear polarization of the incident light relative to the c-axis of GaN, which lies in the film plane. The first configuration consists of a polarizationsensitive planar Schottky photodetector and a filter. An orthogonal alignment of the c-axis of the photodetector and the filter produces a detection system with a peak responsivity at 360 nm and a bandwidth of 6 nm. The second one consists of two planar Schottky photodetectors with their c-axes oriented perpendicular to each other. The difference signal between the two photodetectors produces a peak responsivity at 358 nm and a bandwidth of 7.3 nm

Narrow-band photodetection based on M-plane GaN films

narrow-band photodetection based on m-plane gan films

hazardous airborne simultaneous wavelengths photodetectors narrow responsivity. ultraviolet photodetection configurations strained films lialo substrates grown epitaxy bandwidth film incident lies film plane. polarizationsensitive planar schottky photodetector filter. orthogonal alignment photodetector filter produces responsivity bandwidth planar schottky photodetectors axes oriented perpendicular other. photodetectors produces responsivity bandwidth

exact_dup

11992466

10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.026

Erosion potential and the effects of tillage can be evaluated from quantitative descriptions of soil surface roughness. The present study therefore aimed to fill the need for a reliable, low-cost and convenient method to measure that parameter. Based on the interpretation of micro-topographic shadows, this new procedure is primarily designed for use in the field after tillage. The principle underlying shadow analysis is the direct relationship between soil surface roughness and the shadows cast by soil structures under fixed sunlight conditions. The results obtained with this method were compared to the statistical indexes used to interpret field readings recorded by a pin meter. The tests were conducted on 4-m2 sandy loam and sandy clay loam plots divided into 1-m2 subplots tilled with three different tools: chisel, tiller and roller. The highly significant correlation between the statistical indexes and shadow analysis results obtained in the laboratory as well as in the field for all the soil–tool combinations proved that both variability (CV) and dispersion (SD) are accommodated by the new method. This procedure simplifies the interpretation of soil surface roughness and shortens the time involved in field operations by a factor ranging from 12 to 20

Shadow analysis: A method for measuring soil surface roughness

shadow analysis: a method for measuring soil surface roughness

erosion tillage descriptions roughness. aimed fill reliable convenient parameter. micro topographic shadows primarily tillage. shadow roughness shadows cast sunlight conditions. indexes interpret readings meter. sandy loam sandy clay loam plots divided subplots tilled chisel tiller roller. indexes shadow soil–tool combinations proved accommodated method. simplifies roughness shortens operations ranging

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11994877

10.1093/jxb/34.4.388

The CM-proteins, which are salt-soluble proteins that can be extracted with chloroform: methanol (2: 1, v/v), seem to be present in the endosperm of all the cereal species investigated. Antibodies raised against a mixture of the barley CM-proteins (A-H) cross-reacted with wheat and rye proteins in Ouchterlony tests and a detailed study was carried out for purified wheat (CM1, CM2. CM3. CM3') and barley (CMa, CMb, CMc, CMd) CM-proteins. [35Sl-Cysteine-labelled endosperm proteins from wheat and barley were investigated by immuno-precipitation, electrophoresis and fluorography using the antibodies (A-H) and also those to a mixture of wheat CM-proteins and to CMd. There was complete antigenic identity for all the wheat proteins and CMd, some of the other proteins showed partial antigenic identity. Previously proposed genetic and biochemical relationships among these proteins were confirmed in the present study

The CM-proteins from cereal endosperm: Immunochemical relationships

the cm-proteins from cereal endosperm: immunochemical relationships

salt soluble chloroform methanol seem endosperm cereal investigated. antibodies raised mixture barley reacted wheat ouchterlony purified wheat barley proteins. cysteine labelled endosperm wheat barley immuno precipitation electrophoresis fluorography antibodies mixture wheat cmd. antigenic wheat antigenic identity. biochemical confirmed

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11999195

10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.007

A multiplicative and a semi-mechanistic, BWB-type [Ball, J.T., Woodrow, I.E., Berry, J.A., 1987. A model predicting stomatalconductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. In: Biggens, J. (Ed.), Progress in Photosynthesis Research, vol. IV. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, pp. 221–224.] algorithm for calculating stomatalconductance (gs) at the leaf level have been parameterised for two crop and two tree species to test their use in regional scale ozone deposition modelling. The algorithms were tested against measured, site-specific data for durum wheat, grapevine, beech and birch of different European provenances. A direct comparison of both algorithms showed a similar performance in predicting hourly means and daily time-courses of gs, whereas the multiplicative algorithm outperformed the BWB-type algorithm in modelling seasonal time-courses due to the inclusion of a phenology function. The re-parameterisation of the algorithms for local conditions in order to validate ozone deposition modelling on a European scale reveals the higher input requirements of the BWB-type algorithm as compared to the multiplicative algorithm because of the need of the former to model net photosynthesis (An

Comparison of different stomatal conductance algorithms for ozone flux modelling

comparison of different stomatal conductance algorithms for ozone flux modelling

multiplicative mechanistic ball j.t. woodrow i.e. berry j.a. predicting stomatalconductance photosynthesis conditions. biggens progress photosynthesis vol. martinus nijhoff dordrecht calculating stomatalconductance leaf parameterised crop ozone deposition modelling. durum wheat grapevine beech birch provenances. predicting hourly courses multiplicative outperformed seasonal courses inclusion phenology function. parameterisation validate ozone deposition reveals multiplicative former photosynthesis

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12001199

10.1016/j.ins.2010.12.013

Mass spectrometry (MS) data provide a promising strategy for biomarker discovery. For this purpose, the detection of relevant peakbins in MS data is currently under intense research. Data from mass spectrometry are challenging to analyze because of their high dimensionality and the generally low number of samples available. To tackle this problem, the scientific community is becoming increasingly interested in applying feature subset selection techniques based on specialized machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we present a performance comparison of some metaheuristics: best first (BF), genetic algorithm (GA), scatter search (SS) and variable neighborhood search (VNS). Up to now, all the algorithms, except for GA, have been first applied to detect relevant peakbins in MS data. All these metaheuristic searches are embedded in two different filter and wrapper schemes coupled with Naive Bayes and SVM classifiers

Comparison of metaheuristic strategies for peakbin selection in proteomic mass spectrometry data

comparison of metaheuristic strategies for peakbin selection in proteomic mass spectrometry data

spectrometry promising biomarker discovery. peakbins intense research. spectrometry challenging analyze dimensionality available. tackle becoming increasingly interested specialized machine algorithms. metaheuristics scatter neighborhood detect peakbins data. metaheuristic searches embedded filter wrapper schemes naive bayes classifiers

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12015758

10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.02.008

By considering a regional sample of Italian inventors, this paper explores the factors behind the different individual performances in terms of number and quality of patents. Our reference population is composed of 570 inventors residing in the Marche region who, over the period 1991-2005, have contributed to 743 patent applications filed at the European Patent Office. Looking at the number of patents per inventor, a Lotka’s distribution emerges suggesting that also for geographical areas inventive activities are highly concentrated in a few key inventors. To examine whether both the inventive productivity and quality are affected by individual and firm characteristics, we use the outcomes of a survey on 106 inventors. We find that the patent productivity is not influenced by individual characteristics but it is higher for the inventors working in teams and employed in large firms with greater patent portfolios. With respect to patent value we employ a composite index in which forward citations, claims and patent families are taken into account. Measured in this way, patent quality is significantly associated, along with the presence of an inventive team, with a set of individual features such as the inventors’ experience and level of education. This suggests that inventions coming from individuals working in small firms or independently can be as valuable as those generated by inventors occupied in larger companies.

Inventive Productivity and Patent Quality: Evidence from Italian Inventors

inventive productivity and patent quality: evidence from italian inventors

italian inventors explores behind performances patents. composed inventors residing marche contributed patent filed patent office. looking patents inventor lotka’s emerges geographical inventive concentrated inventors. examine inventive productivity firm inventors. patent productivity influenced inventors teams firms patent portfolios. patent employ composite citations claims patent families account. patent inventive team inventors’ education. inventions coming firms independently valuable inventors occupied companies.

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141223529

10.1080/03069885.2012.704350

In a rapidly changing world of work, little research exists on mid-career transitions. We investigated these using the open-systems approach of chaos theory as a guiding metaphor and conducted interviews with seven mid-career individuals chosen for their experience of a significant mid-career transition. Four common themes were identified through narrative analysis, where 'false starts' to a career were a common experience prior to finding a career 'fit'. Career transitions, precipitated by a trigger state and/or event such as a period of disillusionment, were an important part of this 'finding a fit' process. Overall, career success outcomes were shaped by a combination of chaos elements: chance, unplanned events, and non-linearity of resultant outcomes. We discuss implications for future research and practice. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Chaotic careers: a narrative analysis of career transition themes and outcomes using chaos theory as a guiding metaphor

chaotic careers: a narrative analysis of career transition themes and outcomes using chaos theory as a guiding metaphor

rapidly changing career transitions. chaos guiding metaphor interviews seven career career transition. themes narrative false starts career career career precipitated trigger disillusionment process. career success shaped chaos chance unplanned linearity resultant outcomes. practice. copyright taylor francis

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143692111

10.1007/s00170-007-1003-2

This research is part of the regional French project IFP2R : “ Manufacturing constraints integration in rapid prototyped part design ” with IFTS (Higher Technical Formation Institute of Charleville Mézières- France).The research results presented in this paper are related to the specification of a method and models that tackle the problem of manufacturing processes selection and the integration, as soon as possible, of their constraints in the product modelling (i.e. information synthesis). This method is based on a skin and skeleton design/manufacturing interface model that ensures connection between design and manufacturing information. The use of these features is justified by their capacity to make a product representation which allows integration of both design and manufacture data and therefore assists the product breakdown definition (including the 3D forms) by least commitment. This method first analyses the product data issued from functional analysis and component selection (form, roughness, tolerance interval, etc.). Then, it deals with manufacturing information (manufacturing processes constraints). The approach is formalised with IDEF and UML models and has been consolidated with software developments based on C++ and open CASCADE technologies

Design and manufacturing interface modelling for manufacturing processes selection and knowledge synthesis in design

design and manufacturing interface modelling for manufacturing processes selection and knowledge synthesis in design

french manufacturing prototyped ifts charleville mézières .the specification tackle manufacturing soon i.e. skeleton manufacturing ensures connection manufacturing information. justified manufacture assists breakdown commitment. issued roughness tolerance etc. deals manufacturing manufacturing formalised idef consolidated developments cascade technologies

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143692322

10.1016/j.wear.2006.12.069

This study deals with the development of Chromium Aluminium Nitride (CrAlN) hard coatings (by varying the nitrogen content in the plasma, the target bias voltage, the working pressure and the deposition time) and their characterization by physical and mechanical techniques (XRD, nanoindentation, Young’s modulus, stress, scratch-test, composition, etc.) in order to determine the optimal deposition conditions to apply the coatings to carbide substrates. Moreover, in order to improve the adhesion of the same optimal hard coatings and as it was efficient with Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) coatings, we tried to modify the carbide inserts by chemical attacks with Murakami’s agent before machining. The coated tools (with and without Murakami’s attack) were then tested in routing of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF). A comparison of the abrasion and shock resistance of the conventional tools with the treated ones, was made. The efficiency of Murakami’s agent was also studied. It was obvious that the coated carbide tools had greater tool life than the untreated ones. Besides, Murakami’s attack was not optimized or not a solution to improve the adhesion of nitride coatings on carbide inserts.Regional Council of Burgundy ISOROY Franc

Application of CrAlN coatings on carbide substrates in routing of MDF

application of craln coatings on carbide substrates in routing of mdf

deals chromium aluminium nitride craln coatings nitrogen deposition nanoindentation young’s modulus scratch etc. deposition coatings carbide substrates. adhesion coatings diamond coatings tried modify carbide inserts attacks murakami’s agent machining. coated murakami’s attack routing fibreboard abrasion shock made. murakami’s agent studied. obvious coated carbide untreated ones. besides murakami’s attack optimized adhesion nitride coatings carbide inserts.regional council burgundy isoroy franc

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143695379

10.1016/j.jcp.2014.06.052

The turbulence closure model is the dominant source of error in most Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, yet no reliable estimators for this error component currently exist. Here we develop a stochastic, a posteriori error estimate, calibrated to specific classes of flow. It is based on variability in model closure coefficients across multiple flow scenarios, for multiple closure models. The variability is estimated using Bayesian calibration against experimental data for each scenario, and Bayesian Model-Scenario Averaging (BMSA) is used to collate the resulting posteriors, to obtain a stochastic estimate of a Quantity of Interest (QoI) in an unmeasured (prediction) scenario. The scenario probabilities in BMSA are chosen using a sensor which automatically weights those scenarios in the calibration set which are similar to the prediction scenario. The methodology is applied to the class of turbulent boundary-layers subject to various pressure gradients. For all considered prediction scenarios the standard-deviation of the stochastic estimate is consistent with the measurement ground truth. Furthermore, the mean of the estimate is more consistently accurate than the individual model predictions.ANR UF

Predictive RANS simulations via Bayesian Model-Scenario Averaging

predictive rans simulations via bayesian model-scenario averaging

turbulence closure reynolds averaged navier–stokes reliable estimators exist. stochastic posteriori calibrated flow. closure scenarios closure models. bayesian calibration bayesian averaging bmsa collate posteriors stochastic quantity unmeasured scenario. probabilities bmsa sensor automatically weights scenarios calibration scenario. methodology turbulent gradients. scenarios stochastic truth. consistently predictions.anr

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144007820

10.1016/j.taap.2007.02.006

Given the tremendous importance of mitochondria to basic cellular functions as well as the critical role of mitochondrial impairment in a vast number of disorders, a compelling question is whether 17[beta]-estradiol (E2) modulates mitochondrial function. To answer this question we exposed isolated liver mitochondria to E2. Three groups of rat females were used: control, ovariectomized and ovariectomized treated with tamoxifen. Tamoxifen has antiestrogenic effects in the breast tissue and is the standard endocrine treatment for women with breast cancer. However, under certain circumstances and in certain tissues, tamoxifen can also exert estrogenic agonist properties. We observed that at basal conditions, ovariectomy and tamoxifen treatment do not induce any statistical alteration in oxidative phosphorylation system and respiratory chain parameters. Furthermore, tamoxifen treatment increases the capacity of mitochondria to accumulate Ca2+ delaying the opening of the permeability transition pore. The presence of 25 [mu]M E2 impairs respiration and oxidative phosphorylation system these effects being similar in all groups of animals studied. Curiously, E2 protects against lipid peroxidation and increases the production of H2O2 in energized mitochondria of control females. Our results indicate that E2 has in general deleterious effects that lead to mitochondrial impairment. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is a triggering event of cell degeneration and death, the use of exogenous E2 must be carefully considered.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WXH-4N43RMD-2/1/f707d152004c4bc26ef124e8b3f71eb

Estradiol affects liver mitochondrial function in ovariectomized and tamoxifen-treated ovariectomized female rats

estradiol affects liver mitochondrial function in ovariectomized and tamoxifen-treated ovariectomized female rats

tremendous mitochondria mitochondrial impairment vast disorders compelling beta estradiol modulates mitochondrial function. answer exposed mitochondria females ovariectomized ovariectomized tamoxifen. tamoxifen antiestrogenic breast endocrine breast cancer. circumstances tissues tamoxifen exert estrogenic agonist properties. basal ovariectomy tamoxifen induce alteration oxidative phosphorylation respiratory parameters. tamoxifen mitochondria accumulate delaying opening permeability pore. impairs respiration oxidative phosphorylation studied. curiously protects peroxidation energized mitochondria females. deleterious mitochondrial impairment. mitochondrial dysfunction triggering degeneration exogenous carefully considered.

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144012914

10.1002/rob.10122

Inertial sensors attached to a camera can provide valuable data about camera pose and movement. In biological vision systems, inertial cues provided by the vestibular system are fused with vision at an early processing stage. In this article we set a framework for the combination of these two sensing modalities. Cameras can be seen as ray direction measuring devices, and in the case of stereo vision, depth along the ray can also be computed. The ego-motion can be sensed by the inertial sensors, but there are limitations determined by the sensor noise level. Keeping track of the vertical direction is required, so that gravity acceleration can be compensated for, and provides a valuable spatial reference. Results are shown of stereo depth map alignment using the vertical reference. The depth map points are mapped to a vertically aligned world frame of reference. In order to detect the ground plane, a histogram is performed for the different heights. Taking the ground plane as a reference plane for the acquired maps, the fusion of multiple maps reduces to a 2D translation and rotation problem. The dynamic inertial cues can be used as a first approximation for this transformation, allowing a fast depth map registration method. They also provide an image independent location of the image focus of expansion and center of rotation useful during visual based navigation tasks. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.1012

Inertial Sensed Ego-motion for 3D Vision

inertial sensed ego-motion for 3d vision

inertial sensors attached camera valuable camera pose movement. vision inertial cues vestibular fused vision stage. sensing modalities. cameras measuring devices stereo vision computed. sensed inertial sensors limitations sensor level. keeping track acceleration compensated valuable reference. stereo alignment reference. mapped vertically aligned reference. detect histogram heights. acquired fusion reduces translation problem. inertial cues allowing registration method. navigation tasks. rob.

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144013040

10.1002/chem.200701986

The concept of ldquochemical reactivityrdquo assumes that atoms and molecules contain the necessary information to describe their evolution over time as they transform from reactants to products. This concept was useful in the past to rationalize reactivity trends and predict the behavior of new systems. Free-energy relationships have played a central role in this field. However, electronic effects often counter the energetic effects and give rise to ldquoanomaliesrdquo or separate correlations. We discuss a quantification of the concept of ldquochemical reactivityrdquo, emphasizing the role of molecular and electronic factors in Chemistry.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.20070198

Understanding Chemical Reactivity: The Case for Atom, Proton and Methyl Transfers

understanding chemical reactivity: the case for atom, proton and methyl transfers

ldquochemical reactivityrdquo assumes transform reactants products. rationalize reactivity predict systems. played field. counter energetic ldquoanomaliesrdquo correlations. quantification ldquochemical reactivityrdquo emphasizing chemistry. chem.

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144013061

10.1002/elan.200302975

The oxidative behavior of heroin in aqueous solution is reported. In order to identify its oxidation peaks, several metabolites, 6-monoacetylmorphine, 3-monoacetylmorphine and norheroin, were synthesized and their electrochemical behavior studied using differential pulse voltammetry. The anodic waves observed for heroin correspond to the oxidation of the tertiary amine group and its follow-up product (secondary amine), and to the oxidation of the phenolic group obtained from hydrolysis, at alkaline pHs, of the 3-acetyl group. The results enabled a new oxidative mechanism for heroin to be proposed in which a secondary amine, norheroin, and an aldehyde are obtained. The voltammetric behavior of 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine was found to be similar demonstrating that the presence of an acetyl substituent on the 6-hydroxy group does not have a relevant influence on the peak potential of the wave resulting from oxidation of the 3-phenolic group.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20030297

Voltammetric Oxidation of Drugs of Abuse III. Heroin and Metabolites

voltammetric oxidation of drugs of abuse iii. heroin and metabolites

oxidative heroin aqueous reported. oxidation metabolites monoacetylmorphine monoacetylmorphine norheroin synthesized electrochemical voltammetry. anodic heroin oxidation tertiary amine amine oxidation phenolic hydrolysis alkaline acetyl group. enabled oxidative heroin amine norheroin aldehyde obtained. voltammetric monoacetylmorphine morphine demonstrating acetyl substituent hydroxy oxidation phenolic group. elan.

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144013667

10.1007/s00604-008-0018-1

Abstract A biosensor for the determination of heavy metal cations based on glucose oxidase enzymatic inhibition has been developed. The biosensor was assembled on carbon film electrode supports with glucose oxidase immobilised by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde on top of a film of poly(neutral red) as redox mediator, prepared by electropolymerisation. The biosensor was used to determine the metallic cations, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in the presence of chosen amounts of glucose. The detection limits were found to be 1 µg L-1 for cadmium, 6 µg L-1 for copper, 3 µg L-1 for lead and 9 µg L-1 for zinc. Inhibition constants were determined by using the Dixon plot, and the type of inhibition induced by the metallic cations was evaluated from Cornish-Bowden plots plus Dixon plots, it being found that the inhibition is reversible and competitive for cadmium, mixed for copper and lead and uncompetitive for zinc. Copper-inhibited glucose oxidase to a greater extent followed by cadmium, lead and zinc. Regeneration of the glucose oxidase response was studied by using Ethylene diamine tetracetic acid metal-chelating agent and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. The suitability of the biosensor for determination in foodstuffs or beverages which contain trace concentrations of metals was investigated by performing recovery tests in commercial milk samples.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-008-0018-

Glucose oxidase inhibition in poly(neutral red) mediated enzyme biosensors for heavy metal determination

glucose oxidase inhibition in poly(neutral red) mediated enzyme biosensors for heavy metal determination

biosensor cations glucose oxidase enzymatic developed. biosensor assembled film electrode supports glucose oxidase immobilised linking glutaraldehyde film poly neutral redox mediator electropolymerisation. biosensor metallic cations cadmium copper zinc amounts glucose. cadmium copper zinc. dixon metallic cations cornish bowden plots dixon plots reversible competitive cadmium copper uncompetitive zinc. copper inhibited glucose oxidase cadmium zinc. regeneration glucose oxidase ethylene diamine tetracetic chelating agent nonionic surfactant triton suitability biosensor foodstuffs beverages trace metals performing recovery commercial milk samples.

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144013824

10.1007/s10334-008-0114-6

Abstract Purpose Chemotherapy increases survival in breast cancer patients. Consequently, cerebral metastases have recently become a significant clinical problem, with an incidence of 30–40% among breast carcinoma patients. As this phenomenon cannot be studied longitudinally in humans, models which mimic brain metastasis are needed to investigate its pathogenesis. Such models may later be used in experimental therapeutic approaches. Material and methods/results We report a model in which 69% of the animals (9/13 BALB/c nude mice) developed MR-detectable abnormal masses in the brain parenchyma within a 20 to 62-day time window post intra-carotid injection of 435-Br1 human cells. The masses detected in vivo were either single (7 animals) or multiple (2 animals). Longitudinal MR (MRI/MRS) studies and post-mortem histological data were correlated, revealing a total incidence of experimental brain metastases of 85% in the cases studied (11/13 animals). ADC maps perfectly differentiated edema and/or CSF areas from metastasis. Preliminary MRS data also revealed additional features: decrease in N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) was the first MRS-based marker of metastasis growth in the brain (micrometastasis); choline-containing compounds (Cho) rose and creatine (Cr) levels decreased as these lesions evolved, with mobile lipids and lactate also becoming visible. Furthermore, MRS pattern recognition-based analysis suggested that this approach may help to discriminate different growth stages. Conclusions This study paves the way for further in vivo studies oriented towards detection of different tumor progression states and for improving treatment efficiency.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-008-0114-

Preliminary characterization of an experimental breast cancer cells brain metastasis mouse model by MRI/MRS

preliminary characterization of an experimental breast cancer cells brain metastasis mouse model by mri/mrs

chemotherapy breast patients. cerebral metastases incidence breast carcinoma patients. phenomenon longitudinally humans mimic metastasis pathogenesis. therapeutic approaches. balb nude detectable abnormal parenchyma window intra carotid injection cells. longitudinal mortem histological revealing incidence metastases perfectly differentiated edema metastasis. preliminary acetyl aspartate marker metastasis micrometastasis choline rose creatine lesions evolved mobile lipids lactate becoming visible. recognition discriminate stages. paves oriented progression improving efficiency.

exact_dup

144016017

10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00598.x

Pre-stress bonded composite patch is a promising technique to reinforce steel member damaged by fatigue. The effectiveness of this technique was verified by fatigue tests on notched steel plates. Results showed that the application of carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) strips and, eventually, the introduction of a compressive stress by pretension of the CFRP strips prior to bonding produced a significant increment of the remaining fatigue life. In this paper, the stress intensity factor in the notched plates is computed by a two-dimensional finite element model in connection with the three-layer technique in order to reduce the computational effort. Due to high stress concentration at the plate crack tip, debond is assumed at the adhesive-plate interface. The goal is to illustrate the influence of some reinforcement parameters such as the composite strip stiffness, the pre-stress level, the adhesive layer thickness and the size of the debonded region on the effectiveness of the composite patch reinforcement.http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00598.

Analysis of cracked steel members reinforced by pre-stressed composite patch

analysis of cracked steel members reinforced by pre-stressed composite patch

bonded composite patch promising reinforce steel member damaged fatigue. effectiveness verified fatigue notched steel plates. fibre reinforced plastic cfrp strips eventually compressive pretension cfrp strips bonding increment fatigue life. notched plates connection effort. plate crack debond adhesive plate interface. goal illustrate reinforcement composite strip stiffness adhesive debonded effectiveness composite patch reinforcement.

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144020397

10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.036

Eight carrageenophytes from the Centre and North coast of Portugal, representing seven genera and three families of Gigartinales, were studied in 15 different coastal stations in a geographic study, from Baleal (Peniche), in the central zone, to Moledo, in the northern zone. In order to characterize the different carrageenan types, 1HNMRspectroscopy was used to identify and quantify the different carrageenan fractions in the extracted phycocolloids (both water and alkali extractions). Thereby, detailed information concerning the properties and structure of these polysaccharides at molecular level was revealed. Based on the results of the analysis of the carrageenan types, the following conclusions were made: female gametophytes and non-fertile thalli of Chondrus crispus, Mastocarpus stellatus, Chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus, Gigartina pistillata, Chondracanthus acicularis and Gymnogongrus crenulatus, presented a varying degrees of kappa–iota hybrid carrageenan (co-polymers of kappa–iota carrageenan). The kappa/iota ratio ranged from 0 to 2.2. The carrageenans extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis were mainly iota-carrageenan, but some geographic variations in the composition of carrageenans were found. Calliblepharis jubata contained carrageenans of iota-type in all reproductive stages. Lambda-family carrageenans were found in tetrasporophytes of C. cripus (lambda), M. stellatus (lambda), C. teedei var. lusitanicus (hybrid xi–theta), C. acicularis (hybrid xi–theta) and G. pistillata (hybrid xi–lambda)

Portuguese carrageenophytes - Carrageenan composition and geographic distribution of eight species (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

portuguese carrageenophytes - carrageenan composition and geographic distribution of eight species (gigartinales, rhodophyta)

eight carrageenophytes coast portugal representing seven genera families gigartinales coastal stations geographic baleal peniche moledo northern zone. characterize carrageenan hnmrspectroscopy quantify carrageenan fractions phycocolloids alkali extractions thereby concerning polysaccharides revealed. carrageenan gametophytes fertile thalli chondrus crispus mastocarpus stellatus chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus gigartina pistillata chondracanthus acicularis gymnogongrus crenulatus kappa–iota hybrid carrageenan polymers kappa–iota carrageenan kappa iota ranged carrageenans ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis iota carrageenan geographic carrageenans found. calliblepharis jubata carrageenans iota reproductive stages. lambda carrageenans tetrasporophytes cripus lambda stellatus lambda teedei var. lusitanicus hybrid xi–theta acicularis hybrid xi–theta pistillata hybrid xi–lambda

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147596475

10.1007/978-3-540-33215-2_9

Over the last number of decades much research work has been done in the general area of video and audio analysis. Initially the applications driving this included capturing video in digital form and then being able to store, transmit\ud and render it, which involved a large effort to develop compression and encoding standards. The technology needed to do all this is now easily available and cheap, with applications of digital video processing now commonplace,\ud ranging from CCTV (Closed Circuit TV) for security, to home capture of broadcast TV on home DVRs for personal viewing.\ud One consequence of the development in technology for creating, storing and distributing digital video is that there has been a huge increase in the volume of digital video, and this in turn has created a need for techniques to allow effective management of this video, and by that we mean content management. In the BBC, for example, the archives department receives approximately 500,000 queries per year and has over 350,000 hours of content in its library. Having huge archives of video information is hardly any benefit if we have no effective means of being able to locate video clips which are of relevance to whatever our information needs may be. In this chapter we report our work on developing two specific retrieval and browsing tools for digital video information. Both of these are based on an analysis of the captured video for the purpose of automatically structuring into shots or higher level semantic units like TV news stories. Some also include analysis of the video for the automatic detection of features such as the presence or absence of faces. Both include some elements of searching, where a user specifies a query or information need, and browsing, where a user is allowed to browse through sets of retrieved video shots. We support the presentation of these tools with illustrations of actual video retrieval systems developed and working on hundreds of hours of video content

Interactive searching and browsing of video archives: using text and using image matching

interactive searching and browsing of video archives: using text and using image matching

decades video audio analysis. initially driving capturing video digital store transmit render effort compression encoding standards. cheap digital video commonplace ranging cctv circuit security home capture broadcast home dvrs personal viewing. creating storing distributing digital video huge digital video created video management. archives receives queries library. huge archives video hardly benefit locate video clips relevance whatever retrieval browsing digital video information. captured video automatically structuring shots semantic news stories. video automatic faces. searching specifies query browsing browse retrieved video shots. presentation illustrations video retrieval hundreds video

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147606691

10.1063/1.3673861

Well-aligned ZnO nanorods were prepared by the vapor phase transport method on Si covered with a ZnO buffer layer. After the nanostructure growth, Cu was doped into the ZnO nanorods by diffusion at three different temperatures and for different times. Undoped and Cu diffusion-doped ZnO samples are highly textured, with the c axis of the wurtzite structure along the growth direction. The incorporation of Cu caused some slight changes in the nanorod alignment, although the wurtzite crystal structure was maintained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that Cu ions were in a divalent state and substituted for the Zn2+ ions of the ZnO matrix. Photoluminescence results at 10 K indicate that the incorporation of copper leads to a relative increase of Cu-related structured green band deep level intensity. Magnetic measurements revealed that both undoped and Cu diffusion-doped ZnO samples exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism. It was also found that bound magnetic polarons play an important role in the appearance of room temperature ferromagnetism in Cu diffusion-doped ZnO nanorods

Effects of Cu diffusion-doping on structural, optical and magnetic properties of ZnO nanorod arrays grown by VPT

effects of cu diffusion-doping on structural, optical and magnetic properties of zno nanorod arrays grown by vpt

aligned nanorods vapor covered layer. nanostructure doped nanorods times. undoped doped textured wurtzite direction. incorporation slight nanorod alignment wurtzite maintained. photoelectron spectroscopy divalent substituted matrix. photoluminescence incorporation copper structured intensity. undoped doped exhibited room ferromagnetism. polarons appearance room ferromagnetism doped nanorods

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148658044

10.1007/978-3-642-15666-3_25

This article shows an experience in a very small enterprise related to improving software quality in terms of test and process productivity. A customized process from the current organizational process based on TSPi was defined and the team was trained on it. The pilot project had schedule and budget constraints. The process began by gathering historical data from previous projects in order to get a measurement repository. Then the project was launched and some metrics were collected. Finally, results were analyzed and the improvements verified

Implementation of Software Process Improvement Through TSPi in Very Small Enterprises

implementation of software process improvement through tspi in very small enterprises

enterprise improving productivity. customized organizational tspi team trained pilot schedule budget constraints. began gathering historical projects repository. launched metrics collected. improvements verified

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