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148663878

10.1016/j.snb.2012.09.109

The pH response of GaN/AlInN/AlN/GaN ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) on Si substrates has been characterized. We analyzed the variation of the surface potential (ΔVsp/ΔpH) and current (ΔIds/ΔpH) with solution pH in devices with the same indium content (17%, in-plane lattice-matched to GaN) and different AlInN thickness (6 nm and 10 nm), and compared with the literature. The shrinkage of the barrier, that has the effect to increase the transconductance of the device, makes the 2-dimensional electron density (2DEG) at the interface very sensitive to changes in the surface.\ud \ud Although the surface potential sensitivity to pH is similar in the two devices, the current change with pH (ΔIds/ΔpH), when biasing the ISFET by a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, is almost 50% higher in the device with 6 nm AlInN barrier, compared to the device with 10 nm barrier. When measuring the current response (ΔIds/ΔpH) without reference electrode, the device with thinner AlInN layer has a larger response than the thicker one, of a factor of 140%, and that current response without reference electrode is only 22% lower than its maximum response obtained using reference electrode

Investigation of AlInN barrier ISFET structures with GaN capping for pH detection

investigation of alinn barrier isfet structures with gan capping for ph detection

alinn transistor isfet substrates characterized. δvsp δids devices indium matched alinn literature. shrinkage barrier transconductance surface. devices δids biasing isfet agcl electrode alinn barrier barrier. measuring δids electrode thinner alinn thicker electrode electrode

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148668812

10.1002/asjc.518

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based variable structure control (VSC) is presented. The main objective is to obtain an improved performance of highly non-linear unstable systems. New functions for chattering reduction and error convergence without sacrificing invariant properties are proposed. The main feature of the proposed method is that the switching function is added as an additional fuzzy variable and will be introduced in the premise part of the fuzzy rules; together with the\ud state variables.\ud In this work, a tuning of the well known weighting parameters approach is proposed to optimize local and global\ud approximation and modelling capability of the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model to improve the choice of the performance index and minimize it. The main problem encountered is that the T-S identification method can not be applied when the membership functions are overlapped by pairs. This in turn restricts the application of the T-S method because this type of membership function has been widely used in control applications. The approach developed here can be considered as a generalized version of the T-S method. An inverted pendulum mounted on a cart is chosen to evaluate the robustness, effectiveness, accuracy and remarkable performance of the proposed estimation approach in comparison with the original T-S model. Simulation results\ud indicate the potential, simplicity and generality of the estimation method and the robustness of the chattering reduction algorithm.\ud In this paper, we prove that the proposed estimation algorithm converge the very fast, thereby making it very practical to use. The application of the proposed FLC-VSC shows that both alleviation of chattering and robust performance are achieved

Variable structure control with chattering reduction of a generalized T-S model

variable structure control with chattering reduction of a generalized t-s model

fuzzy logic controller presented. unstable systems. chattering sacrificing proposed. switching fuzzy premise fuzzy variables. tuning weighting optimize capability takagi sugeno fuzzy minimize encountered membership overlapped pairs. restricts membership widely applications. method. inverted pendulum mounted cart robustness effectiveness remarkable model. simplicity generality robustness chattering algorithm. converge thereby practical use. alleviation chattering robust

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148669089

10.1016/j.future.2013.02.011

The inherent complexity of modern cloud infrastructures has created the need for innovative monitoring approaches, as state-of-the-art solutions used for other large-scale\ud environments do not address specific cloud features. Although cloud monitoring is nowadays an active research field, a comprehensive study covering all its aspects has\ud not been presented yet. This paper provides a deep insight into cloud monitoring. It proposes a unified cloud monitoring taxonomy, based on which it defines a layered\ud cloud monitoring architecture. To illustrate it, we have implemented GMonE, a general-purpose cloud monitoring tool which covers all aspects of cloud monitoring by specifically addressing the needs of modern cloud infrastructures. Furthermore, we have evaluated the performance, scalability and overhead of GMonE with Yahoo\ud Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB), by using the OpenNebula cloud middleware on the Grid’5000 experimental testbed. The results of this evaluation demonstrate the benefits of our approach, surpassing the monitoring performance and capabilities of cloud monitoring alternatives such as those present in state-of-the-art systems such as Amazon EC2 and OpenNebula

GMonE: a complete approach to cloud monitoring

gmone: a complete approach to cloud monitoring

inherent modern infrastructures created innovative environments features. nowadays comprehensive covering yet. insight monitoring. proposes unified taxonomy defines layered architecture. illustrate implemented gmone covers addressing modern infrastructures. scalability overhead gmone yahoo serving benchmark ycsb opennebula middleware grid’ testbed. benefits surpassing capabilities alternatives amazon opennebula

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148670654

10.1016/j.eswa.2012.08.036

Usually, vehicle applications require the use of artificial intelligent techniques to implement control methods, due to noise provided by sensors or the impossibility of full knowledge about dynamics of the vehicle (engine state, wheel pressure or occupiers weight). This work presents a method to on-line evolve a fuzzy controller for commanding vehicles? pedals at low speeds; in this scenario, the slightest alteration in the vehicle or road conditions can vary controller?s behavior in a non predictable way. The proposal adapts singletons positions in real time, and trapezoids used to codify the input variables are modified according with historical data. Experimentation in both simulated and real vehicles are provided to show how fast and precise the method is, even compared with a human driver or using different vehicles

On-line learning of a fuzzy controller for a precise vehicle cruise control system

on-line learning of a fuzzy controller for a precise vehicle cruise control system

vehicle artificial intelligent implement sensors impossibility vehicle engine wheel occupiers presents evolve fuzzy controller commanding vehicles pedals speeds slightest alteration vehicle road vary controller predictable way. proposal adapts singletons trapezoids codify historical data. experimentation vehicles precise driver vehicles

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148670698

10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:3(405)

This paper deals with the assessment of the contribution of the second bending mode to the dynamic behavior of simply supported railway bridges. Traditionally the contributions of modes higher than the fundamental have been considered of little importance for the computation of the magnitudes of interest to structural engineers (vertical deflections, bending moments, etc.). Starting from the dimensionless equations of motion of a simply supported beam subjected to moving loads, the key parameters governing the dynamic behavior are identified. Then, a parametric study over realistic ranges of values of those parameters is conducted, and the influence of the second mode examined in detail. The main purpose is to decide whether the second mode should be taken into account for the determination of the maximum displacement and acceleration in high-speed bridges. In addition, the reasons that cause the contribution of the second bending mode to be relevant in some situations are highlighted, particularly with regard to the computation of the maximum acceleration

Influence of the Second Bending Mode on the Response of High-Speed Bridges at Resonance

influence of the second bending mode on the response of high-speed bridges at resonance

deals bending railway bridges. traditionally magnitudes engineers deflections bending moments etc. dimensionless subjected moving loads governing identified. parametric realistic ranges detail. decide displacement acceleration bridges. reasons bending situations highlighted regard acceleration

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148681255

10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.052

Feed-in-tariff (FIT) schemes have been widely employed to promote renewable energy deployment. While FITs may be perceived by consumers as an extra cost, renewable energies cause a noticeable price reduction in wholesale electricity markets. We analyse both effects for the case of the Spanish electricity market during 2010. In particular, we examine the level of FITs that makes savings and extra costs to be similar on an hourly basis. Results are obtained for a wide range of renewable generation scenarios. It is found that FITs with null extra costs for consumers are in the range of 50–80 €/MWh. Some of the side-effects of a high penetration of renewable energy in the market are analysed in detail and discussed

Cost-free feed-in tariffs for renewable energy deployment in Spain

cost-free feed-in tariffs for renewable energy deployment in spain

feed tariff schemes widely promote renewable deployment. fits perceived consumers extra renewable noticeable wholesale electricity markets. analyse spanish electricity examine fits savings extra hourly basis. renewable scenarios. fits extra consumers mwh. penetration renewable analysed

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149226883

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.045

Sorption enhanced CO2 methanation is a complex process in which the key challenge lies in the combined optimization of the catalyst activity and water adsorption properties of the zeolite support. In the present work, improved nickel-based catalysts with an enhanced water uptake capacity were designed and catalytically investigated. Two different zeolite frameworks were considered as supports for nanostructured Ni, and studied with defined operation parameters. 5Ni/13X shows significantly increased, nearly three-fold higher, operation time in the sorption enhanced CO2 methanation mode compared to the reference 5Ni/5A, likely due to its higher water sorption capacity. Both catalysts yield comparable CO2 conversion in conventional CO2 methanation (without water uptake). Regeneration of the catalysts performance is possible via a drying step between methanation cycles under both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres; however, operation time of 5Ni/13X increases further after drying under air

Development of improved nickel catalysts for sorption enhanced CO2 methanation

development of improved nickel catalysts for sorption enhanced co2 methanation

sorption methanation challenge lies catalyst adsorption zeolite support. nickel catalysts uptake catalytically investigated. zeolite frameworks supports nanostructured parameters. nearly sorption methanation sorption capacity. catalysts comparable conversion methanation uptake regeneration catalysts drying methanation cycles reducing oxidizing atmospheres drying

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154369294

10.1007/s00217-008-0907-x

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)A promising correlation between chemical analysis and sensorial evaluation was confirmed: extra virgin olive oils with low contents of methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids as well as straight chain wax esters were sensorially evaluated as being of high quality, whereas some with high contents were even devaluated as not being of extra virgin quality. Methanol and ethanol formed during fermentation in degrading olives are esterified, largely by transesterification with fatty acids from the triglycerides, and in this way transferred into the pressed oil. The presence of high contents of methyl and ethyl esters in degrading olives was confirmed. Wax esters from the skin of the olives are extracted at low yields, whereby the yield increases when the olives are soft and possibly degrading. High wax ester contents may, therefore, stand for mild oils, but also for deficient oils

Fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters as well as wax esters for evaluating the quality of olive oils

fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters as well as wax esters for evaluating the quality of olive oils

erworben rahmen schweizer nationallizenzen promising sensorial confirmed extra virgin olive oils contents methyl ethyl esters fatty straight esters sensorially contents devaluated extra virgin quality. methanol ethanol fermentation degrading olives esterified largely transesterification fatty triglycerides transferred pressed oil. contents methyl ethyl esters degrading olives confirmed. esters olives whereby olives possibly degrading. ester contents stand mild oils deficient oils

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157866680

10.1007/s11229-014-0563-6

There is widespread belief in a tension between quantum theory and special relativity, motivated by the idea that quantum theory violates J. S. Bell's criterion of local causality, which is meant to implement the causal structure of relativistic space-time. This paper argues that if one takes the essential intuitive idea behind local causality to be that probabilities in a locally causal theory depend only on what occurs in the backward light cone and if one regards objective probability as what imposes constraints on rational credence along the lines of David Lewis' Principal Principle, then one arrives at the view that whether or not Bell's criterion holds is irrelevant for whether or not local causality holds. The assumptions on which this argument rests are highlighted, and those that may seem controversial are motivated

Re-thinking local causality

re-thinking local causality

widespread belief tension relativity motivated violates bell criterion causality meant implement causal relativistic time. argues intuitive behind causality probabilities locally causal backward cone regards imposes rational credence david lewis principal arrives bell criterion irrelevant causality holds. assumptions argument rests highlighted seem controversial motivated

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160818594

10.1063/1.4982903

We demonstrate the application of the CELIV (charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage) technique to bilayer organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) in order to selectively determine the hole mobility in N,N0-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N0-diphenyl-1,10-biphenyl-4,40-diamine (α-NPD). In the CELIV technique, mobile charges in the active layer are extracted by applying a negative voltage ramp, leading to a peak superimposed to the measured displacement current whose temporal position is related to the charge carrier mobility. In fully operating devices, however, bipolar carrier transport and recombination complicate the analysis of CELIV transients as well as the assignment of the extracted mobility value to one charge carrier species. This has motivated a new approach of fabricating dedicated metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices, where the extraction current contains signatures of only one charge carrier type. In this work, we show that the MIS-CELIV concept can be employed in bilayer polar OLEDs as well, which are easy to fabricate using most common electron transport layers (ETLs), like Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3). Due to the macroscopic polarization of the ETL, holes are already injected into the hole transport layer below the built-in voltage and accumulate at the internal interface with the ETL. This way, by a standard CELIV experiment only holes will be extracted, allowing us to determine their mobility. The approach can be established as a powerful way of selectively measuring charge mobilities in new materials in a standard device configuration

The use of charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage in polar organic light-emitting diodes

the use of charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage in polar organic light-emitting diodes

celiv carrier extraction linearly bilayer emitting devices oleds selectively mobility naphthyl diphenyl biphenyl diamine celiv mobile charges ramp superimposed displacement carrier mobility. operating devices bipolar carrier recombination complicate celiv transients assignment mobility carrier species. motivated fabricating dedicated insulator semiconductor devices extraction signatures carrier type. celiv bilayer polar oleds fabricate etls tris hydroxyquinoline aluminum macroscopic holes injected built accumulate etl. celiv holes allowing mobility. powerful selectively measuring mobilities

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18184507

10.1063/1.4792598

A numerical study is presented of the sub-bandgap interband photon absorption in quantum dot intermediate band solar cells. Absorption coefficients and photocurrent densities are calculated for the valence band to intermediate band transitions using a four-band k · p method. It is found that reducing the quantum dot width in the plane perpendicular to the growth direction increases the photocurrent from the valence band to the intermediate-band ground state if the fractional surface coverage of quantum dots is conserved. This provides a path to increase the sub-bandgap photocurrent in intermediate band solar cells

A numerical study into the influence of quantum dot size on the sub-bandgap interband photocurrent in intermediate band solar cells

a numerical study into the influence of quantum dot size on the sub-bandgap interband photocurrent in intermediate band solar cells

bandgap interband cells. photocurrent densities valence method. reducing perpendicular photocurrent valence fractional coverage dots conserved. bandgap photocurrent

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18275300

10.1007/s11831-008-9027-9

Numerical modelling of non-Newtonian flows usually involves the coupling between equations of motion characterized by an elliptic character, and the fluid constitutive equation, which defines an advection problem linked to the fluid history. There are different numerical techniques to treat the hyperbolic advection equations. In non-recirculating flows, Eulerian discretizations can give a convergent solution within a short computing time. However, the existence of steady recirculating flow areas induces additional difficulties. Actually, in these flows neither boundary conditions nor initial conditions are known. In this paper we compares different advanced strategies (some of them recently proposed and extended here for addressing complex flows) when they are applied to the solution of the kinetic theory description of a short fiber suspension fluid flows

Recirculating Flows Involving Short Fiber Suspensions: Numerical Difficulties and Efficient Advanced Micro-Macro Solvers

recirculating flows involving short fiber suspensions: numerical difficulties and efficient advanced micro-macro solvers

newtonian flows involves elliptic character constitutive defines advection history. treat hyperbolic advection equations. recirculating flows eulerian discretizations convergent time. steady recirculating induces difficulties. flows neither known. compares advanced addressing flows fiber suspension flows

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18292715

10.1007/978-0-85729-224-7_18

This research explores the relation between specific inspirations such as animals postures and the expressiveness of the design solutions provided by the designers. The prediction of semantic and emotional responses underlying animals’ postures and attitudes might help designers to define design specifications and imagine design solutions with a high expressivity. To address this issue, an experiment was conducted with designers in watching six sets of animal posture images and corresponding product images. This experiment derived quantitative and qualitative results from the combination of cogntive/physiological methods: a questionnaire, Galvanic Skin Reponse (GSR), and eye tracking system

Measuring Semantic and Emotional Responses to Bio-inspired Design

measuring semantic and emotional responses to bio-inspired design

explores inspirations postures expressiveness designers. semantic emotional animals’ postures attitudes designers specifications imagine expressivity. designers watching posture images. qualitative cogntive physiological questionnaire galvanic reponse tracking

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19125626

10.1002/iroh.200610877

In this study we investigate how seasonal variability in aquatic macroinvertebrate communities affects the performance of a predictive model developed to assess environmental quality. Macroinvertebrates were sampled from nine not visibly disturbed sites located in different streams of the Mondego catchment across a full year. Organisms were identified to the lowest practicable taxonomic level and their abundances recorded at three taxonomic levels (order, family and lowest level). The seasonal samples were examined with regard to seasonal variation using three predictive models at order, family and lowest taxonomic level. The models showed increasing effect of seasonal changes across taxonomic levels, from order to the lowest level. When using the current models samples should be taken in the same season as the reference sites were sampled. Furthermore, data from more reference sites should be added to the model in order to encompass sufficient natural variation and allow the use of the model in different seasons. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.20061087

Effect of Seasonal Changes on Predictive Model Assessments of Streams Water Quality with Macroinvertebrates

effect of seasonal changes on predictive model assessments of streams water quality with macroinvertebrates

seasonal aquatic macroinvertebrate communities affects predictive quality. macroinvertebrates sampled nine visibly disturbed streams mondego catchment year. organisms practicable taxonomic abundances taxonomic seasonal regard seasonal predictive taxonomic level. seasonal taxonomic level. season sampled. encompass seasons. wiley verlag gmbh kgaa weinheim iroh.

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19125932

10.1023/A:1013111226169

The surface of multi-purpose cellulosic office paper has been analysed by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The parameters determined were the dispersive component of the surface free energy, the enthalpy of adsorption and the entropy of adsorption of polar and apolar probes, the Lewis acidity constant, Ka, and the Lewis basicity constant, Kb. It can be concluded that the dispersive component of the surface free energy, ?sd decreases with temperature, in the range 50–90°C. The temperature coefficient of ?sd, d?sd/dT, is -0.35 mJm -2K-1. The values of Ka and Kb were determined to be 0.11±0.011 and 0.94±0.211, respectively. The predominant surface basicity agrees with expectation, bearing in mind the presence of calcium carbonate, and of a styrene-acrylic copolymer, in the surface sizing formulation. It is thought that during the drying stages following the surface sizing treatment, the starch used as the binder migrates to the interior of the surface sizing layer and then to the paper bulk itself. This migration contributes to a decrease in the hydrophilicity of the surface, and also results in the surface showing only slight Lewis.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101311122616

Characterisation of the surface of a cellulosic multi-purpose office paper by inverse gas chromatography

characterisation of the surface of a cellulosic multi-purpose office paper by inverse gas chromatography

cellulosic office analysed chromatography dispersive enthalpy adsorption adsorption polar apolar probes lewis acidity lewis basicity concluded dispersive respectively. predominant basicity agrees expectation bearing mind calcium carbonate styrene acrylic copolymer sizing formulation. thought drying sizing starch binder migrates interior sizing itself. migration contributes hydrophilicity slight lewis.

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19125987

10.1007/s11064-007-9360-7

Abstract Although iron is essential in maintaining the function of the central nervous system, it is a potent source of reactive oxygen species. Excessive iron accumulation occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, raising the possibility that oxidative stress is intimately involved in the neurodegenerative process. AD in particular is associated with accumulation of numerous markers of oxidative stress; moreover, oxidative stress has been shown to precede hallmark neuropathological lesions early in the disease process, and such lesions, once present, further accumulate iron, among other markers of oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the role of iron in the progression of AD.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9360-

Iron: The Redox-active Center of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease

iron: the redox-active center of oxidative stress in alzheimer disease

iron maintaining nervous potent reactive species. excessive iron accumulation neurodegenerative alzheimer parkinson’s creutzfeldt jakob raising oxidative intimately neurodegenerative process. accumulation numerous markers oxidative oxidative precede hallmark neuropathological lesions lesions accumulate iron markers oxidative stress. iron progression

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19493670

10.1063/1.4826897

Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) films were made superhydrophobic by Ar + O2 plasma etching process. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies of the plasma-treated FEP samples detected the presence of uniformly distributed nano-protrusions exhibiting a low surface roughness necessary for maintaining the transparency of the samples. In fact, optical transmittance measurements showed an improvement in the transparency of FEP samples after plasma treatment. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis showed the presence of –CF x –O–CF x – (x = 1, 2, or 3) linkages in both untreated and plasma-treated samples which explains the hydrophilic nature (contact angle below 90∘) of the untreated sample. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed no changes in the bulk properties of the plasma-treated samples. Moreover, exposure to the environment caused the surfaces to lose their superhydrophobic property in an indefinite amount of time. This has been further studied through a water immersion experiment and explained through the wetting state transition from Cassie state to Wenzel state

Superhydrophobicity on transparent fluorinated ethylene propylene films with nano-protrusion morphology by Ar+O2 plasma etching: Study of the degradation in hydrophobicity after exposure to the environment

superhydrophobicity on transparent fluorinated ethylene propylene films with nano-protrusion morphology by ar+o2 plasma etching: study of the degradation in hydrophobicity after exposure to the environment

fluorinated ethylene propylene films superhydrophobic etching process. scanning microscopy microscopy uniformly nano protrusions exhibiting roughness maintaining transparency samples. transmittance transparency treatment. photoelectron spectroscopic –o–cf linkages untreated explains hydrophilic untreated sample. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy samples. lose superhydrophobic indefinite time. immersion wetting cassie wenzel

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1958402

10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.04.003

This paper presents a reduced-order approach for four-dimensional variational data assimilation, based on a prior EO F analysis of a model trajectory. This method implies two main advantages: a natural model-based definition of a mul tivariate background error covariance matrix $\textbf{B}_r$, and an important decrease of the computational burden o f the method, due to the drastic reduction of the dimension of the control space. % An illustration of the feasibility and the effectiveness of this method is given in the academic framework of twin experiments for a model of the equatorial Pacific ocean. It is shown that the multivariate aspect of $\textbf{B}_r$ brings additional information which substantially improves the identification procedure. Moreover the computational cost can be decreased by one order of magnitude with regard to the full-space 4D-Var method

A reduced-order strategy for 4D-Var data assimilation

a reduced-order strategy for 4d-var data assimilation

presents variational assimilation trajectory. advantages tivariate covariance textbf burden drastic space. illustration feasibility effectiveness academic twin equatorial pacific ocean. multivariate aspect textbf brings substantially improves procedure. regard

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196150537

10.1093/molbev/msg079

Innovación EducativaThe Lipocalins are an ancient protein family whose expression is currently confirmed in bacteria, protoctists, plants, arthropods, and chordates. The evolution of this protein family has been assessed previously using amino acid sequence phylogenies. In this report we use an independent set of characters derived from the gene structure (exon-intron arrangement) to infer a new lipocalin phylogeny. We also present the novel gene structure of three insect lipocalins. The position and phase of introns are well preserved among lipocalin clades when mapped onto a protein sequence alignment, suggesting the homologous nature of these introns. Because of this homology, we use the intron position and phase of 23 lipocalin genes to reconstruct a phylogeny by maximum parsimony and distance methods. These phylogenies are very similar to the phylogenies derived from protein sequence. This result is confirmed by congruence analysis, and a consensus tree shows the commonalities between the two source trees. Interestingly, the intron arrangement phylogeny shows that metazoan lipocalins have more introns than other eukaryotic lipocalins, and that intron gains have occurred in the C-termini of chordate lipocalins. We also analyze the relationship of intron arrangement and protein tertiary structure, as well as the relationship of lipocalins with members of the proposed structural superfamily of calycins. Our congruence analysis validates the gene structure data as a source of phylogenetic information and helps to further refine our hypothesis on the evolutionary history of lipocalins.2015-09-1

Exon-Intron Structure and Evolution of the Lipocalin Gene Family

exon-intron structure and evolution of the lipocalin gene family

innovación educativathe lipocalins ancient confirmed bacteria protoctists arthropods chordates. phylogenies. characters exon intron arrangement infer lipocalin phylogeny. insect lipocalins. introns preserved lipocalin clades mapped alignment homologous introns. homology intron lipocalin reconstruct phylogeny parsimony methods. phylogenies phylogenies sequence. confirmed congruence consensus commonalities trees. interestingly intron arrangement phylogeny metazoan lipocalins introns eukaryotic lipocalins intron gains occurred termini chordate lipocalins. analyze intron arrangement tertiary lipocalins superfamily calycins. congruence validates phylogenetic helps refine evolutionary lipocalins.

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196153194

10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.001

A study on hemicellulose extraction from 10 different tree species was performed using a batchwise operated cascade reactor constituted by 5 units of 200 mL and a buffer vessel of 2000 mL where a flowrate of 150 L h−1 was fully recirculated (close loop operatioin). The experiments were performed at 160 °C, 9 bar and with wood chips particle size of 1.25–2 mm (average solid load of 6.57 g/L). The aim was to identify which wood species were the best candidates to obtain a high yield and/or molecular weight of hemicelluloses. Hydrothermal extractions at different times (from 5 to 80 min) were investigated. The highest yield was obtained with eucalyptus wood (40.3 wt%) after 80 min of extraction. Furthermore, 3 different trends were obtained for molecular weight evolution, where the different tree species can be grouped.MINECO and FEDER Funds, Project CTQ2015-64892-R (BioFraHynery

Raw material effect on hemicellulose extraction yield and molecular weight during hot pressurized water pretreatment by autohydrolysis

raw material effect on hemicellulose extraction yield and molecular weight during hot pressurized water pretreatment by autohydrolysis

hemicellulose extraction batchwise operated cascade reactor constituted vessel flowrate recirculated operatioin wood chips wood candidates hemicelluloses. hydrothermal extractions investigated. eucalyptus wood extraction. grouped.mineco feder funds biofrahynery

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19903287

10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.04.007

This paper presents a new verification procedure for sound source coverage according to ISO 140?5 requirements. The ISO 140?5 standard applies to the measurement of façade insulation and requires a sound source able to achieve a sufficiently uniform sound field in free field conditions on the façade under study. The proposed method involves the electroacoustic characterisation of the sound source in laboratory free field conditions (anechoic room) and the subsequent prediction by computer simulation of the sound free field radiated on a rectangular surface equal in size to the façade being measured. The loudspeaker is characterised in an anechoic room under laboratory controlled conditions, carefully measuring directivity, and then a computer model is designed to calculate the acoustic free field coverage for different loudspeaker positions and façade sizes. For each sound source position, the method provides the maximum direct acoustic level differences on a façade specimen and therefore determines whether the loudspeaker verifies the maximum allowed level difference of 5 dB (or 10 dB for façade dimensions greater than 5 m) required by the ISO standard. Additionally, the maximum horizontal dimension of the façade meeting the standard is calculated and provided for each sound source position, both with the 5 dB and 10 dB criteria. In the last section of the paper, the proposed procedure is compared with another method used by the authors in the past to achieve the same purpose: in situ outdoor measurements attempting to recreate free field conditions. From this comparison, it is concluded that the proposed method is able to reproduce the actual measurements with high accuracy, for example, the ground reflection effect, at least at low frequencies, which is difficult to avoid in the outdoor measurement method, and it is fully eliminated with the proposed method to achieve the free field requisite

Procedure for verification of sound source coverage over façades according to the International Standard ISO 140-5

procedure for verification of sound source coverage over façades according to the international standard iso 140-5

presents verification sound coverage requirements. applies façade insulation sound sufficiently sound façade study. involves electroacoustic characterisation sound anechoic room sound radiated rectangular façade measured. loudspeaker characterised anechoic room carefully measuring directivity acoustic coverage loudspeaker façade sizes. sound acoustic façade specimen determines loudspeaker verifies façade standard. additionally façade meeting sound criteria. situ outdoor attempting recreate conditions. concluded reproduce reflection avoid outdoor eliminated requisite

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2427015

10.1063/1.1462418

Technical results are presented on motion in N(>4)D manifolds to clarify the physics of Kaluza-Klein theory, brane theory and string theory. The so-called canonical or warp metric in 5D effectively converts the manifold from a coordinate space to a momentum space, resulting in a new force (per unit mass) parallel to the 4D velocity. The form of this extra force is actually independent of the form of the metric, but for an unbound particle is tiny because it is set by the energy density of the vacuum or cosmological constant. It can be related to a small change in the rest mass of a particle, and can be evaluated in two convenient gauges relevant to gravitational and quantum systems. In the quantum gauge, the extra force leads to Heisenberg's relation between increments in the position and momenta. If the 4D action is quantized then so is the higher-dimensional part, implying that particle mass is quantized, though only at a level of 10^{-65} gm or less which is unobservably small. It is noted that massive particles which move on timeline paths in 4D can move on null paths in 5D. This agrees with the view from inflationary quantum field theory, that particles acquire mass dynamically in 4D but are intrinsically massless. A general prescription for dynamics is outlined, wherein particles move on null paths in an N(>4)D manifold which may be flat, but have masses set by an embedded 4D manifold which is curved

On Higher-Dimensional Dynamics

on higher-dimensional dynamics

manifolds clarify kaluza klein brane theory. canonical warp effectively converts manifold coordinate velocity. extra unbound tiny cosmological constant. convenient gauges gravitational systems. extra heisenberg increments momenta. quantized implying quantized unobservably small. massive move timeline paths move paths agrees inflationary acquire dynamically intrinsically massless. prescription outlined wherein move paths manifold embedded manifold curved

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2475032

10.1103/PhysRevD.70.033012

We assess how well next generation neutrinoless double beta decay and normal neutrino beta decay experiments can answer four fundamental questions. 1) If neutrinoless double beta decay searches do not detect a signal, and if the spectrum is known to be inverted hierarchy, can we conclude that neutrinos are Dirac particles? 2) If neutrinoless double beta decay searches are negative and a next generation ordinary beta decay experiment detects the neutrino mass scale, can we conclude that neutrinos are Dirac particles? 3) If neutrinoless double beta decay is observed with a large neutrino mass element, what is the total mass in neutrinos? 4) If neutrinoless double beta decay is observed but next generation beta decay searches for a neutrino mass only set a mass upper limit, can we establish whether the mass hierarchy is normal or inverted? We base our answers on the expected performance of next generation neutrinoless double beta decay experiments and on simulations of the accuracy of calculations of nuclear matrix elements.Comment: Added reference

What can we learn from neutrinoless double beta decay experiments?

what can we learn from neutrinoless double beta decay experiments?

neutrinoless beta beta answer questions. neutrinoless beta searches detect inverted hierarchy neutrinos dirac neutrinoless beta searches ordinary beta detects neutrinos dirac neutrinoless beta neutrinos neutrinoless beta beta searches establish hierarchy inverted answers neutrinoless beta

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25285887

10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00820-0

We report on a study aimed to explore the dependence of the genuine multiparticle correlations on the number of sources when the influence of other possible factors during multihadron production are avoided. The analysis utilised the normalised cumulants calculated in three-dimensional phase space of the reaction ee -> Z -> hadrons using a large Monte Carlo sample. The multi-sources events were simulated by overlaying a few independent single ee annihilation events. It was found that as the number of sources increases, the cumulants do not change significantly their structure, but those of an order higher than two decrease fast in their magnitude. This reduction and its amount can be understood in terms of combinatorial considerations of source mixing which dilutes the correlations. The diminishing of the genuine correlations is consistent with recent cumulant measurements in hadron and nucleus induced reactions and should also be relevant to other dynamical correlations like the Bose-Einstein one, in ee -> WW -> hadrons and in nucleus-nucleus reactions

The effect of many sources on the genuine multiparticle correlations

the effect of many sources on the genuine multiparticle correlations

aimed explore genuine multiparticle multihadron avoided. utilised normalised cumulants hadrons monte carlo sample. overlaying annihilation events. cumulants magnitude. understood combinatorial considerations dilutes correlations. diminishing genuine cumulant hadron nucleus bose einstein hadrons nucleus nucleus

exact_dup

25367013

10.1063/1.1623928

The convergence of integrals over charge densities is discussed in relation with the problem of electric charge and (non-local) charged states in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). Delicate, but physically relevant, mathematical points like the domain dependence of local charges as quadratic forms and the time smearing needed for strong convergence of integrals of charge densities are analyzed. The results are applied to QED and the choice of time smearing is shown to be crucial for the removal of vacuum polarization effects responible for the time dependence of the charge (Swieca phenomenon). The possibility of constructing physical charged states in the Feynman-Gupta-Bleuler gauge as limits of local states vectors is discussed, compatibly with the vanishing of the Gauss charge on local states. A modification by a gauge term of the Dirac exponential factor which yields the physical Coulomb fields from the Feynman-Gupta-Bleuler fields is shown to remove the infrared divergence of scalar products of local and physical charged states, allowing for a construction of physical charged fields with well defined correlation functions with local fields

Charge density and electric charge in quantum electrodynamics

charge density and electric charge in quantum electrodynamics

integrals densities electrodynamics delicate physically mathematical charges quadratic smearing integrals densities analyzed. smearing crucial removal responible swieca phenomenon constructing feynman gupta bleuler compatibly vanishing gauss states. modification dirac exponential coulomb feynman gupta bleuler remove infrared divergence allowing

exact_dup

29137411

10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.075

In situ neutron diffraction loading experiments were carried out on a cold-rolled dual-phase (a-phase, '"' 10% b-phase) Zr–2.5%Nb alloy at room temperature. The specimens were cut at different angles from the rolling direction (RD) towards the transverse direction (TD), thus the loading axis changes gradually from the rolling to transverse direction. Due to the strong texture of the studied alloy, and unidirectional nature of deformation twinning, the changing loading direction with respect to initial texture has a significant impact on the collaborative slip-twinning deformation mode in the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) a-phase. The present neutron diffraction results provide direct evidence of {1 - 1.2}/1 - 1. - 1S ‘‘tensile’’ twins in the a-phase of dual-phase Zr–2.5%Nb alloy at room temperature. Additionally, TEM analysis was employed to confirm the presence of ‘‘tensile’’ twins, and determine if other type of twins were present. It is further clear from the neutron diffraction results that applied load is gradually transferred from the plastically softer a-phase to the plastically harder b-phase which acts as a reinforcing phase having a yield strength in the range 750–900 MPa depending on the loading direction

Load partitioning and evidence of deformation twinning in dual-phase fine-grained zr-2.5%Nb alloy.

load partitioning and evidence of deformation twinning in dual-phase fine-grained zr-2.5%nb alloy.

situ neutron diffraction loading cold rolled alloy room temperature. specimens angles rolling loading gradually rolling direction. texture alloy unidirectional deformation twinning changing loading texture collaborative slip twinning deformation hexagonal packed phase. neutron diffraction ‘‘tensile’’ twins alloy room temperature. additionally confirm ‘‘tensile’’ twins twins present. neutron diffraction gradually transferred plastically softer plastically harder acts reinforcing loading

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29137482

10.1016/j.cma.2013.06.008

This work was supported by the Conseil Régional d’Aquitaine and was conducted under the auspices of the Etude et Formation en Surfacage Optique (EFESO 2) project. The developments realized in this project were implemented in the GranOO1 project.The mechanical behavior of materials is usually simulated by a continuous mechanics approach. However, noncontinuous phenomena such as multi-fracturing cannot be accurately simulated using a continuous description. The discrete element method (DEM) naturally accounts for discontinuities and is therefore a good alternative to the continuum approach. This study continues previous work in which a DEM model was developed to quantitatively simulate an elastic material with the cohesive beam bond model. The simulation of brittle cracks is now tackled. This goal is attained by computing a failure criterion based on an equivalent hydrostatic stress. This microscopic criterion is then calibrated to fit experimental values of the macroscopic failure stress. The simulation results are compared to experimental results of indentation tests in which a spherical indenter is used to load a silica glass, which is considered to be a perfectly brittle elastic material

Using the discrete element method to simulate brittle fracture in the indentation of a silica glass with a blunt indenter

using the discrete element method to simulate brittle fracture in the indentation of a silica glass with a blunt indenter

conseil régional d’aquitaine auspices etude surfacage optique efeso project. developments realized implemented granoo project.the mechanics approach. noncontinuous phenomena fracturing accurately description. naturally accounts discontinuities continuum approach. continues quantitatively simulate elastic cohesive bond model. brittle cracks tackled. goal attained criterion hydrostatic stress. microscopic criterion calibrated macroscopic stress. indentation spherical indenter silica glass perfectly brittle elastic

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29137576

10.1007/s00146-011-0320-z

Many have bowed before the recently acquired powers of ‘new technologies’. However, in the shift from tekhne to tekhnologia, it seems we have lost human values. These values are communicative in nature as technological progress has placed barriers like distance, web pages and ‘miscellaneous extras’ between individuals. Certain values, like the interpersonal pleasures of rendering service, have been lost as their domain of predilection has for many become fully commercially oriented, dominated by the cadence of profitability. Though the popular cultures of the artificial have surged forth to deliver us from the twentieth century, they have enabled some very superfluous dreaming—Man has succumbed to the Godly role of simulating himself and creating other beings. Communication is replaced by machines, services are rendered via many automated devices, procreation has entered the public sphere, robots and entertainment agents educate our youth and mesmerising screen-integrating ‘forms of intelligence’ even think for us. As such, this so-called culture threatens the very values Man constructed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to guide himself into the future. But what if the phenomena mentioned just reflect our new values? The author presents an investigation into this cultural shift, its impact on human practices with regards the mind and the body and evokes some pros and cons of generally accepting the ‘Culture of the Artificial’

Technology and culture and possibly vigilance too

technology and culture and possibly vigilance too

bowed acquired powers ‘new technologies’. tekhne tekhnologia lost values. communicative technological progress placed barriers pages ‘miscellaneous extras’ individuals. interpersonal pleasures rendering lost predilection commercially oriented dominated cadence profitability. popular cultures artificial surged forth deliver twentieth century enabled superfluous dreaming—man succumbed godly simulating creating beings. replaced machines rendered automated devices procreation entered sphere robots entertainment educate youth mesmerising screen integrating ‘forms intelligence’ think threatens nineteenth twentieth centuries guide future. phenomena reflect presents cultural practices regards mind evokes pros cons accepting ‘culture artificial’

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29514809

10.1063/1.4901326

We discuss how structural disorder and amorphization affects solid-state diffusion, and consider zirconolite as a currently important case study. By performing extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we disentangle the effects of amorphization and density, and show that a profound increase of solid-state diffusion takes place as a result of amorphization. Importantly, this can take place at the same density as in the crystal, representing an interesting general insight regarding solid-state diffusion. We find that decreasing the density in the amorphous system increases pre-factors of diffusion constants, but not decreasing the activation energy. We also find that atomic species in zirconolite are affected differently by amorphization and density change. Our microscopic insights are relevant for understanding how solid-state diffusion changes due to disorder and for building predictive models of operation of materials to be used to encapsulate nuclear waste

Solid-state diffusion in amorphous zirconolite

solid-state diffusion in amorphous zirconolite

disorder amorphization affects zirconolite study. performing extensive disentangle amorphization profound amorphization. importantly representing insight diffusion. decreasing amorphous decreasing energy. zirconolite differently amorphization change. microscopic insights disorder predictive encapsulate waste

exact_dup

33067636

10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.03.016

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a complex disease. The pathogenic and clinical heterogeneity of ITP is reflected by reports on variability in patient history and treatment response, in concert with recent evidence from mechanistic studies. Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are thought to play a peculiar role in the megakaryocyte lineage in terms of hemostasis and the generation and function of megakaryocytes and platelets; unbalanced genetic or environmental disturbances of these tightly regulated pathways may cause thrombocytopenia. Dysregulated PCD has also been linked to peripheral platelet destruction, intramedullary apoptosis, and inefficient thrombopoiesis in ITP. In this article, we discuss novel and controversial findings on the role of PCD in the megakaryocyte lineage and their potential implications in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of ITP

Cell death in immune thrombocytopenia: novel insights and perspectives

cell death in immune thrombocytopenia: novel insights and perspectives

immune thrombocytopenia disease. pathogenic heterogeneity reflected concert mechanistic studies. programmed pathways thought peculiar megakaryocyte lineage hemostasis megakaryocytes platelets unbalanced disturbances tightly regulated pathways thrombocytopenia. dysregulated peripheral platelet destruction intramedullary apoptosis inefficient thrombopoiesis itp. controversial megakaryocyte lineage pathogenesis

exact_dup

33901986

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.190

Iran Urmia Lake, the world second largest hypersaline lake, has been largely desiccated over the last two decades resulting in socio-environmental consequences similar or even larger than the Aral Sea disaster. To rescue the lake a new water management plan has been proposed, a rapid 40% decline in irrigation water use replacing a former plan which intended to develop reservoirs and irrigation. However, none of these water management plans, which have large socio-economic impacts, have been assessed under future changes in climate and water availability. By adapting a method of environmental flow requirements (EFRs) for hypersaline lakes, we estimated annually 3.7·10⁹ m³ water is needed to preserve Urmia Lake. Then, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model was forced with bias-corrected climate model outputs for both the lowest (RCP2.6) and highest (RCP8.5) greenhouse-gas concentration scenarios to estimate future water availability and impacts of water management strategies. Results showed a 10% decline in future water availability in the basin under RCP2.6 and 27% under RCP8.5. Our results showed that if future climate change is highly limited (RCP2.6) inflow can be just enough to meet the EFRs by implementing the reduction irrigation plan. However, under more rapid climate change scenario (RCP8.5) reducing irrigation water use will not be enough to save the lake and more drastic measures are needed. Our results showed that future water management plans are not robust under climate change in this region. Therefore, an integrated approach of future land-water use planning and climate change adaptation is therefore needed to improve future water security and to reduce the desiccating of this hypersaline lake

Preserving the world second largest hypersaline lake under future irrigation and climate change

preserving the world second largest hypersaline lake under future irrigation and climate change

iran urmia lake hypersaline lake largely desiccated decades socio consequences aral disaster. rescue lake plan decline irrigation replacing former plan intended reservoirs irrigation. none plans socio impacts availability. adapting efrs hypersaline lakes annually preserve urmia lake. infiltration hydrological forced corrected outputs greenhouse scenarios availability impacts strategies. decline availability basin inflow meet efrs implementing irrigation plan. reducing irrigation save lake drastic needed. plans robust region. planning adaptation security desiccating hypersaline lake

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35085331

10.1007/JHEP12(2014)099

We construct a Josephson junction in non-relativistic case with a Lifshitz geometry as the dual gravity. We investigate the effect of the Lifshitz scaling in comparison with its relativistic counterpart. The standard sinusoidal relation between the current and the phase difference is found for various Lifshitz scalings characterised by the dynamical critical exponent. We also find the exponential decreasing relation between the condensate of the scalar operator within the barrier at zero current and the width of the weak link, as well as the relation between the critical current and the width. Nevertheless, the coherence lengths obtained from two exponential decreasing relations generically have discrepancies for non-relativistic dual

Non-relativistic Josephson junction from holography

non-relativistic josephson junction from holography

josephson junction relativistic lifshitz gravity. lifshitz relativistic counterpart. sinusoidal lifshitz scalings characterised exponent. exponential decreasing condensate barrier width. nevertheless coherence lengths exponential decreasing generically discrepancies relativistic

exact_dup

35090878

10.1007/JHEP03(2015)147

The N = 2 ∗ $$ \mathcal{N}={2}^{\ast } $$ Super-Yang-Mills theory (SYM*) undergoes an infinite sequence of large- N quantum phase transitions. We compute expectation values of Wilson loops in k -symmetric and antisymmetric representations of the SU( N ) gauge group in this theory and show that the same phenomenon that causes the phase transitions at finite coupling leads to a non-analytic dependence of Wilson loops on k/N when the coupling is strictly infinite, thus making the higher-representation Wilson loops ideal holographic probes of the non-trivial phase structure of SYM*

Higher rank Wilson loops in N = 2 ∗ super-Yang-Mills theory

higher rank wilson loops in n = 2 ∗ super-yang-mills theory

mathcal super mills undergoes infinite transitions. expectation wilson loops antisymmetric representations phenomenon analytic wilson loops strictly infinite wilson loops ideal holographic probes trivial

exact_dup

35090947

10.1007/JHEP03(2015)162

We present a detailed discussion of Sommerfeld enhancements in neutralino dark matter relic abundance calculations for several popular benchmark scenarios in the general MSSM. Our analysis is focused on models with heavy wino- and higgsino-like neutralino LSP and models interpolating between these two scenarios. This work is the first phenomenological application of effective field theory methods that we have developed in earlier work and that allow for the consistent study of Sommerfeld enhancements in nonrelativistic neutralino and chargino co-annihilation reactions within the general MSSM, away from the pure-wino and pure-higgsino limits

Heavy neutralino relic abundance with Sommerfeld enhancements — a study of pMSSM scenarios

heavy neutralino relic abundance with sommerfeld enhancements — a study of pmssm scenarios

sommerfeld enhancements neutralino relic abundance popular benchmark scenarios mssm. focused wino higgsino neutralino interpolating scenarios. phenomenological sommerfeld enhancements nonrelativistic neutralino chargino annihilation mssm away wino higgsino

exact_dup

35090977

10.1007/JHEP03(2015)143

The asymptotic structure of three-dimensional higher-spin anti-de Sitter gravity is analyzed in the metric approach, in which the fields are described by completely symmetric tensors and the dynamics is determined by the standard Einstein-Fronsdal action improved by higher order terms that secure gauge invariance. Precise boundary conditions are given on the fields. The asymptotic symmetries are computed and shown to form a non-linear W -algebra, in complete agreement with what was found in the Chern-Simons formulation. The W -symmetry generators are two-dimensional traceless and divergenceless rank- s symmetric tensor densities of weight s ( s = 2 , 3 , · · · ), while asymptotic symmetries emerge at infinity through the conformal Killing vector and conformal Killing tensor equations on the two-dimensional boundary, the solution space of which is infinite-dimensional. For definiteness, only the spin 3 and spin 4 cases are considered, but these illustrate the features of the general case: emergence of the W -extended conformal structure, importance of the improvement terms in the action that maintain gauge invariance, necessity of the higher spin gauge transformations of the metric, role of field redefinitions

Asymptotic symmetries of three-dimensional higher-spin gravity: the metric approach

asymptotic symmetries of three-dimensional higher-spin gravity: the metric approach

asymptotic sitter tensors einstein fronsdal secure invariance. precise fields. asymptotic symmetries chern simons formulation. generators traceless divergenceless densities asymptotic symmetries emerge infinity conformal killing conformal killing infinite dimensional. definiteness illustrate emergence conformal maintain invariance necessity transformations redefinitions

exact_dup

35090994

10.1007/JHEP03(2015)130

We use the superconformal bootstrap to derive exact relations between OPE coefficients in three-dimensional superconformal field theories with N ≥ 4 $$ \mathcal{N}\ge 4 $$ supersymmetry. These relations follow from a consistent truncation of the crossing symmetry equations that is associated with the cohomology of a certain supercharge. In N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SCFTs, the non-trivial cohomology classes are in one-to-one correspondence with certain half-BPS operators, provided that these operators are restricted to lie on a line. The relations we find are powerful enough to allow us to determine an infinite number of OPE coefficients in the interacting SCFT (U(2) 2 × U(1) −2 ABJ theory) that constitutes the IR limit of O (3) N = 8 $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ super-Yang-Mills theory. More generally, in N = 8 $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ SCFTs with a unique stress tensor, we are led to conjecture that many superconformal multiplets allowed by group theory must actually be absent from the spectrum, and we test this conjecture in known N = 8 $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ SCFTs using the superconformal index. For generic N = 8 $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ SCFTs, we also improve on numerical bootstrap bounds on OPE coefficients of short and semi-short multiplets and discuss their relation to the exact relations between OPE coefficients we derived. In particular, we show that the kink previously observed in these bounds arises from the disappearance of a certain quarter-BPS multiplet, and that the location of the kink is likely tied to the existence of the U(2) 2 × U(1) −2 AJ theory, which can be argued to not possess this multiplet

Exact correlators of BPS Operators from the 3d superconformal bootstrap

exact correlators of bps operators from the 3d superconformal bootstrap

superconformal bootstrap derive superconformal mathcal supersymmetry. truncation crossing cohomology supercharge. mathcal scfts trivial cohomology correspondence restricted line. powerful infinite interacting scft constitutes mathcal super mills theory. mathcal scfts conjecture superconformal multiplets absent conjecture mathcal scfts superconformal index. generic mathcal scfts bootstrap bounds multiplets derived. kink bounds arises disappearance quarter multiplet kink tied argued possess multiplet

exact_dup

35093803

10.1088/1126-6708/2002/11/013

We discuss the general form of the mass terms that can appear in the effective field theories of coordinate-dependent compactifications a la Scherk-Schwarz. As an illustrative example, we consider an interacting five-dimensional theory compactified on the orbifold S^1/Z_2, with a fermion subject to twisted periodicity conditions. We show how the same physics can be described by equivalent effective Lagrangians for periodic fields, related by field redefinitions and differing only in the form of the five-dimensional mass terms. In a suitable limit, these mass terms can be localized at the orbifold fixed points. We also show how to reconstruct the twist parameter from any given mass terms of the allowed form. Finally, after mentioning some possible generalizations of our results, we re-discuss the example of brane-induced supersymmetry breaking in five-dimensional Poincare' supergravity, and comment on its relation with gaugino condensation in M-theory

Equivalent effective Lagrangians for Scherk-Schwarz compactifications

equivalent effective lagrangians for scherk-schwarz compactifications

coordinate compactifications scherk schwarz. illustrative interacting compactified orbifold fermion twisted periodicity conditions. lagrangians redefinitions differing terms. localized orbifold points. reconstruct twist form. mentioning generalizations brane supersymmetry breaking poincare supergravity comment gaugino condensation

exact_dup

42939441

10.1038/ki.2015.181

Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) is a recently discovered rare disease caused by gain-of-function mutations of the V2 vasopressin receptor gene, AVPR2. To date, mutations of Phe229 and Arg137 have been identified as gain-of-function in the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R). These receptor mutations lead to hyponatremia, which may lead to clinical symptoms in infants. Here we present a newly identified I130N substitution in exon 2 of the V2R gene in a family, causing NSIAD. This I130N mutation resulted in constitutive activity of the V2R with constitutive cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation in HEK293 cells. This basal activity could be blocked by the inverse agonist tolvaptan and arginine-vasopressin stimulation enhanced the cAMP production of I130N-V2R. The mutation causes a biased receptor conformation as the basal cAMP generation activity of I130N does not lead to interaction with β-arrestin. The constitutive activity of the mutant receptor caused constitutive dynamin-dependent and β-arrestin-independent internalization. The inhibition of basal internalization using dominant-negative dynamin resulted in an increased cell surface expression. In contrast to the constitutive internalization, agonist-induced endocytosis was β-arrestin dependent. Thus, tolvaptan could be used for treatment of hyponatremia in patients with NSIAD who carry the I130N-V2R mutation.Kidney International advance online publication, 1 July 2015; doi:10.1038/ki.2015.181. © 2015 International Society of Nephrolog

Mutation in the V2 vasopressin receptor gene, AVPR2, causes nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate diuresis

mutation in the v2 vasopressin receptor gene, avpr2, causes nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate diuresis

nephrogenic syndrome inappropriate antidiuresis nsiad discovered rare vasopressin avpr vasopressin hyponatremia infants. newly substitution exon causing nsiad. mutation resulted constitutive constitutive cyclic adenosine monophosphate camp cells. basal blocked agonist tolvaptan arginine vasopressin stimulation camp mutation biased conformation basal camp arrestin. constitutive constitutive dynamin arrestin internalization. basal internalization dynamin resulted expression. constitutive internalization agonist endocytosis arrestin dependent. tolvaptan hyponatremia nsiad carry mutation.kidney advance publication nephrolog

exact_dup

42969568

10.1007/978-3-319-13117-7_14

The irradiation of small suspensions of gold nanorods (GNRs) using laser pulses at 808nm and 25KHz, produces a series of effects occurring during the interaction of each laser pulse with the amount of gold nanorods in suspension. The result of the interaction laser-GNRs is the generation of acoustic waves, which may influence on cell death in an optical hyperthermia therapy system. Therefore the identification and characterization of acoustic signals and their absorption coefficients is performed in a phantom based in a neutral gelatin system, in order to able to identify and quantify the influence of these acoustic waves in cell death in optical hyperthermia essays

Optical absorption coefficients of gold nanorods through acoustic waves in an optical hyperthermia system

optical absorption coefficients of gold nanorods through acoustic waves in an optical hyperthermia system

irradiation suspensions gold nanorods gnrs pulses produces occurring gold nanorods suspension. gnrs acoustic hyperthermia system. acoustic phantom neutral gelatin quantify acoustic hyperthermia essays

exact_dup

46683300

10.1007/s10670-009-9185-7

In ‘Essential stuff' (2008) and ‘Stuff' (2009), Kristie Miller argues that two generally accepted theses, often formulated as follows, are incompatible: - (Temporal) mereological essentialism for stuff (or matter), the thesis that any portion of stuff has the same parts at every time it exists. - Stuff composition, the thesis that for any two portions of stuff, there exists a portion of stuff that is their mereological sum (or fusion). She does this by considering competing hypotheses about stuff, trying to prove inconsistency in all cases and with all corresponding understandings of mereological essentialism and stuff composition. I explain why, from an endurantist standpoint, her argument does not go through

Mereological essentialism, composition, and stuff: a reply to Kristie Miller

mereological essentialism, composition, and stuff: a reply to kristie miller

‘essential stuff ‘stuff kristie miller argues theses formulated incompatible mereological essentialism stuff thesis portion stuff exists. stuff thesis portions stuff portion stuff mereological fusion competing hypotheses stuff trying inconsistency understandings mereological essentialism stuff composition. endurantist standpoint argument

exact_dup

46770735

10.1051/epjconf/20100301015

A review is presented of past and recent attempts to build multiquark states within current models already describing ordinary mesons and baryons. This includes: coherence in the chromomagnetic interaction, tetraquarks with two heavy quarks, Steiner-tree models of confinement, and hadronic molecules, in particular in the hidden-charm sector. Some emphasis is put on the difficulties encountered when extrapolating toward higher configurations the dynamics of confining forces, starting from the simple case of a quark and an antiquark, or three quarks in a colour singlet

Elusive multiquark spectroscopy

elusive multiquark spectroscopy

attempts build multiquark describing ordinary mesons baryons. coherence chromomagnetic tetraquarks quarks steiner confinement hadronic hidden charm sector. emphasis difficulties encountered extrapolating toward configurations confining forces antiquark quarks colour singlet

exact_dup

46781511

10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.02.033

A study of several 3- and 4-body hadronic final states ($\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0, \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-, K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^- and K^+K^-K^+K^-$) accompanied by a hard photon is presented. These states are produced from $e^+e^-$ collisions at the c.m. energy near the $\UPSILON (4S)$ resonance using a $90 fb^-1$ data sample collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state determines the virtual photon energy, so that the data can be compared with direct $e^+e^-$ cross sections. Cross sections have been obtained from threshold up to 4.5 GeV with systematic errors at the 5% level. The accuracy of the results is comparable with the best direct $e^+e^-$ results overall, but achieves amuch better precision in 1.4-2.5 GeV region where data are sparse. In addition to light meson spectroscopy these data can be used to improve the determination of R -the ratio of $e^+e^-\to$ hadrons cross section to $e^+e^-\to \mu^+\mu^-$ - and thereby to impact the understanding of the recent $(g-2)_\mu$  measurement through a better evaluation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution. The ISR technique also gives access to $J/\psi$ production and allows one to measure branching ratios into 3- and 4-body final states above at a level of precision that is typically better than that obtained in the combined earlier measurements

Study of $e^+e^-$ collisions with a hard initial state photon at BABAR

study of $e^+e^-$ collisions with a hard initial state photon at babar

hadronic accompanied presented. collisions c.m. upsilon babar collider. hadronic determines virtual sections. level. comparable achieves amuch precision sparse. meson spectroscopy hadrons thereby hadronic contribution. branching precision

exact_dup

46793849

10.1063/1.1435279

International audienceIn 2001 the first radioactive beam will be accelerated in the CIME cyclotron of the SPIRAL project at GANIL. In order to be able to tune such low intensity beams in the cyclotron (down to few particles per second), a silicon and a scintillator detectors are mounted on probes. They measure the beam energy and the beam phase/RF in the cyclotron as a function of the radius. Such fragile diagnostics are meant to be used routinely from the control room by non-specialists in instrumentation and in presence of various beam intensities. Therefore, a program is developed to control and secure the acquisition procedure, the measurements and the isochronism correction. Additional detectors are installed at a fixed position in the ejection line before the experimental areas. Additionally, a diamond detector is foreseen to be installed in the machine to be tested in order to ease the CIME operation

Radioactive beam diagnostics status and development at the SPIRAL facility

radioactive beam diagnostics status and development at the spiral facility

audiencein radioactive accelerated cime cyclotron spiral ganil. tune beams cyclotron silicon scintillator detectors mounted probes. cyclotron radius. fragile diagnostics meant routinely room specialists instrumentation intensities. secure acquisition isochronism correction. detectors installed ejection areas. additionally diamond foreseen installed machine ease cime

exact_dup

47082091

10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.01441.x

International audienceOur aim is to understand better the rifting process by imaging the Moho depth variation beneath Corinth and Evvia. We present here the results of a gravity inversion analysis in the region of the Corinth and Evvia rift system, and compare them to those obtained independently from teleseismic tomography and receiver function analyses. The results of these different studies appear to be consistent and show (1) a 10 km crustal thickening in the western part of the area beneath the Hellenides mountains, (2) NW–SE-trending periodic crustal thinning, and (3) a maximum crustal thinning north of the Gulf of Corinth. This 4 km thinning is unlikely to be the result of the rifting alone, which seems to have been reactivated since only 1 Ma. We propose here a geodynamical scenario in two major steps to explain the evolution of Corinth area. Aegean Miocene extension involving boudinage resulted in periodic crustal thinning, consistent with observations. These lithospheric instabilities could have favoured rupture initiation in particular areas, especially near the city of Corinth. Then, the reactivation of the Corinth Rift extension, 1 Myr ago, led to westward rift propagation. The offset observed between the maximum crustal thinning and the Gulf of Corinth could be accommodated by a low-angle normal fault at about 10–15 km depth. The Corinth Rift is thus asymmetrical and was initiated in places of crustal weakness due to Miocene lithospheric instabilities

Moho topography beneath the Corinth Rift area (Greece) from inversion of gravity data

moho topography beneath the corinth rift area (greece) from inversion of gravity data

audienceour rifting moho beneath corinth evvia. inversion corinth evvia rift independently teleseismic tomography receiver analyses. crustal thickening beneath hellenides mountains nw–se trending crustal thinning crustal thinning gulf corinth. thinning unlikely rifting reactivated propose geodynamical corinth area. aegean miocene involving boudinage resulted crustal thinning observations. lithospheric instabilities favoured rupture initiation city corinth. reactivation corinth rift westward rift propagation. offset crustal thinning gulf corinth accommodated fault depth. corinth rift asymmetrical initiated places crustal weakness miocene lithospheric instabilities

exact_dup

47106423

10.1002/num.20700

International audienceIn this work, we investigate the numerical solving of the one-dimensional pressureless gases system. After briefly recalling the mathematical framework of the duality solutions introduced by Bouchut and James, we point out that the upwind scheme for the density and momentum does not satisfy the one-sided Lipschitz (OSL) condition on the expansion rate required for the duality solutions. Then we build a diffusive scheme which allows to recover the OSL condition by following a strategy previously described for the continuous model

A numerical scheme for the one-dimensional pressureless gases system

a numerical scheme for the one-dimensional pressureless gases system

audiencein solving pressureless gases system. briefly recalling mathematical duality bouchut james upwind satisfy sided lipschitz duality solutions. build diffusive recover

exact_dup

47290647

10.1007/978-3-319-26425-7_19

International audienceThe history of communication technologies is populated with conflicts between centralization and decentralization. While many of these technologies started or have existed at some point of their development as a decentralized structure, often replacing older technological paradigms, nearly all progressively evolved into concentrated clusters of power as a result of industrialization and of the reaffirmation of state sovereignty, following a Schumpeterian process of “creative-destruction”. However, when the needs of citizens turn out to be systematically overlooked in existing power dynamics, decentralized initiatives may emerge as an attempt to disrupt the dominant hegemony and allow for the democratic re-appropriation of technology – a process that the philosopher Andrew Feenberg calls “subversive rationalization.” In this paper, we focus on an ongoing – though too often neglected – phenomenon of decentralization in telecommunications networks. We show that current telecoms regulation significantly overlooks the contribution of community networks in fostering political and socio-economic objectives associated with broadband policy and we propose a number of policy recommendations to overcome this gap

Wireless Community Networks: Towards a Public Policy for the Network Commons?

wireless community networks: towards a public policy for the network commons?

audiencethe technologies populated conflicts centralization decentralization. technologies started existed decentralized replacing older technological paradigms nearly progressively evolved concentrated industrialization reaffirmation sovereignty schumpeterian “creative destruction”. citizens systematically overlooked decentralized initiatives emerge attempt disrupt hegemony democratic appropriation philosopher andrew feenberg calls “subversive rationalization.” ongoing neglected phenomenon decentralization telecommunications networks. telecoms overlooks fostering socio objectives broadband propose recommendations overcome

exact_dup

47291723

10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_10

International audienceOrchestras of Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) enable new musical collaboration possibilities, extending those of acoustic and electric orchestras. However the creation and development of these orchestras remain constrained. In fact, each new musical collaboration system or orchestra piece relies on a fixed number of musicians, a fixed set of instruments (often only one), and a fixed subset of possible modes of collaboration. In this paper, we describe a unified framework that enables the design of Digital Orchestras with potentially different DMIs and an expand-able set of collaboration modes. It relies on research done on analysis and classification of traditional and digital orchestras, on research in Collaborative Virtual Environments, and on interviews of musicians and composers. The BOEUF framework consists of a classification of modes of collaboration and a set of components for modelling digital orchestras. Integrating this framework into DMIs will enable advanced musical collaboration modes to be used in any digital orchestra, including spontaneous jam sessions

BOEUF: A Unified Framework for Modeling and Designing Digital Orchestras

boeuf: a unified framework for modeling and designing digital orchestras

audienceorchestras digital musical instruments dmis enable musical possibilities extending acoustic orchestras. creation orchestras constrained. musical orchestra piece relies musicians instruments collaboration. unified enables digital orchestras potentially dmis expand modes. relies traditional digital orchestras collaborative virtual environments interviews musicians composers. boeuf digital orchestras. integrating dmis enable advanced musical digital orchestra spontaneous sessions

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47306050

10.1016/j.yofte.2016.07.006

International audienceA simple pulse shape randomization scheme is considered in this paper for improving the performance of Ultra Wide band (UWB) communication systems using On Off Keying (OOK) or Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) formats. The advantage of the proposed scheme, which can be either employed for Impulse Radio (IR) or for carrier-based systems, is first theoretically studied based on closed-form derivations of power spectral densities. Then, we investigate an application to an IR-UWB over optical fiber system, by utilizing the 4-th and 5-th orders of Gaussian derivatives. Our approach proves to be effective for 1 Gbps-PPM and 2 Gbps-OOK transmissions, with an advantage in terms of power efficiency for short distances. We also examine the performance for a system employing an in-line Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) with the view to achieve a reach extension, while limiting the cost and system complexity

Improving the power efficiency of SOA-based UWB over fiber systems via pulse shape randomization

improving the power efficiency of soa-based uwb over fiber systems via pulse shape randomization

audiencea randomization improving ultra keying modulation formats. advantage impulse carrier theoretically derivations densities. fiber utilizing orders derivatives. proves gbps gbps transmissions advantage distances. examine employing semiconductor amplifier limiting

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47854570

10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.04.005

International audienceOn the one hand the present globalisation process has only been made possible through a reduction of time-distances allowed by high speeds, and particularly through the development of the air mode. On the other hand the metropolitanization process seen as the urban counterpart of globalisation is deeply associated with the development of air platforms. Understanding distances between places is a fundamental task for the geographer, while the representation of distances constitutes one of the major functions of cartography. Among the types of maps invented to represent time-space anamorphosis have been supplemented in the 1990's with time-space relief cartography. This paper proposes a representation of the time-space relief of the USA considering terrestrial and air modes. This last point constitutes a key innovation among this type of cartography, giving the possibility to build a representation of global time-space. The metaphors associated with the images proposed are then discussed evocating the shrinking, the crumpling and finally the shriveling of time-space. The shriveling metaphor renders account of the complicate contraction/dilatation movement that thigh speeds provokes on space and allows for a rich interpretation of the time-space relief map of the USA in the perspective of the processes of globalisation and metropolitanization

The shriveled USA: Representing time-space in the context of metropolitanization and the development of high speeds

the shriveled usa: representing time-space in the context of metropolitanization and the development of high speeds

audienceon globalisation distances speeds mode. metropolitanization counterpart globalisation deeply platforms. distances places geographer distances constitutes cartography. invented anamorphosis supplemented relief cartography. proposes relief terrestrial modes. constitutes innovation cartography giving build space. metaphors evocating shrinking crumpling shriveling space. shriveling metaphor renders complicate contraction dilatation movement thigh speeds provokes relief perspective globalisation metropolitanization

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48157137

10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.031

International audienceBackground: Data about paclitaxel-eluting balloon (PCB) angioplasty to treat drug-eluting stents (DES) in-stent restenosis (ISR) were mainly collected in selected patient populations in the setting of randomized trials. The main goal of this prospective registry was to confirm the positive findings of these studies in an unselected population in clinical practice.Methods: Consecutive patients with DES-ISR treated by PCB angioplasty were recruited in this prospective real-world registry. The primary endpoint was clinically driven target-lesion revascularization (TLR) at 9 months. Secondary endpoints included acute technical success, in-hospital outcomes, 9-month major adverse cardiac events (MACE) a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and TLR and the occurrence of target vessel revascularization.Results: A total of 206 patients (67.7 ± 10.2 years, 80.6% male, 41.3% diabetics) with 210 lesions were recruited. Unstable coronary artery disease was present in 55.3% of patients. The time from DES implantation to DES-ISR was 3.0 ± 2.4 years. Quantitative analyses revealed that patterns of treated DES-ISR were focal in 55.7% and diffuse in 44.3%. The reference diameter was 2.76 ± 0.64 mm. The 9-month follow-up rate was 90.8% (187/206). At 9 months, the TLR rate was 7.0% (13/187) whereas the rates for MACE, MI and cardiac death were 10.7% (20/187), 4.8% (9/187) and 2.1% (4/187) respectively. Results were consistent in patients with paclitaxel and non-paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) ISR.Conclusion: This large prospective registry demonstrated acceptable rates of TLR and MACE at 9 months after treatment of DES-ISR by PCB angioplasty. PCB angioplasty was equally effective in patients with PES-ISR and non PES-IS

Treatment of drug-eluting stents in-stent restenosis with paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty: Insights from the French “real-world” prospective GARO Registry

treatment of drug-eluting stents in-stent restenosis with paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty: insights from the french “real-world” prospective garo registry

audiencebackground paclitaxel eluting balloon angioplasty treat eluting stents stent restenosis randomized trials. goal prospective registry confirm unselected practice.methods consecutive angioplasty recruited prospective registry. endpoint clinically lesion revascularization months. endpoints success month adverse mace composite myocardial infarction occurrence vessel revascularization.results diabetics lesions recruited. unstable coronary artery patients. implantation years. focal diffuse month mace respectively. paclitaxel paclitaxel eluting stents isr.conclusion prospective registry acceptable mace angioplasty. angioplasty equally

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48219292

10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01036-0

International audienceThree basic elements (cement, water and admixture) usually make up injectable cement grouts used for prestressed cable coating, repair and consolidation of masonry, soil grouting, etc... The present study was divided into two parts. First, in order to characterize rheologically fresh cement paste with W/C ratios (water/cement ratio) varying between 0.35 and 1, an experimental study was carried out and has revealed that the cement past behaves like a shear-thinning material whatever W/C. second, to study the time evolution of their density, a gammadensitometer bench was used. Relying on the water content and the density measured, we demonstrate that the computation of the degree of hydration of cement is possible. The cement/geotechnics interdisciplinary approach proposed here has made it possible to obtain a large range of original results useful to improve our understanding of the sedimentation processes for cement pastes with different W/C ratios

experimental study of cement grout: rheological behavior and sedimentation

experimental study of cement grout: rheological behavior and sedimentation

audiencethree cement admixture injectable cement grouts prestressed cable coating repair consolidation masonry grouting etc... divided parts. characterize rheologically fresh cement paste cement cement behaves thinning whatever gammadensitometer bench used. relying hydration cement possible. cement geotechnics interdisciplinary sedimentation cement pastes

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48259705

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.002

International audienceCerium anomaly development in natural waters is commonly related to the mechanism of oxidative scavenging of tetravalent cerium by iron and/or manganese oxides. In this study, a new mechanism for the development of Ce anomalies is described, which combines the oxidation of Ce at high pH by carbonate and the preferential adsorption of Ce(IV) to humic acids. This new mechanism was experimentally elucidated by studying the competition between carbonate and humic acids for complexing rare earth elements (REE). These experiments showed that above pH 8.2,8.6 or 8.7 (with decreasing alkalinity from 10(-2) to 10(-3) mol L-1), Ce(III) is readily oxidized into Ce(W), which is then preferentially adsorbed onto hurnic acids. This preferential uptake of Ce results in the development of a negative Ce anomaly (as low as 0.05) in the "truly" dissolved part of the solution (i.e., <5 kDa), and a complementary positive anomaly (up to 1.22) occurs in the organic colloidal fraction. The positive and negative Ce anomalies remained hidden until the organic and inorganic fractions of the solution were separated. Therefore, Ce anomalies became apparent only after ultrafiltration of the waters and the subsequent isolation of the two fractions. The Ce anomaly is thus more likely to be a proxy of redox conditions in ultrafiltered waters than in unfiltered waters or in waters filtered to < 0.2 mu m. The removal (e.g., by coagulation and/or flocculation) of organic molecules in organic-rich alkaline waters might lead to the development of a negative Ce anomaly in the resulting organic-poor waters. In contrast, some organic-poor alkaline waters may develop positive Ce anomalies due to preferential complexation of Ce(IV) by dissolved carbonate

New insights into cerium anomalies in organic-rich alkaline waters

new insights into cerium anomalies in organic-rich alkaline waters

audiencecerium anomaly waters commonly oxidative scavenging tetravalent cerium iron manganese oxides. anomalies combines oxidation carbonate preferential adsorption humic acids. experimentally elucidated studying competition carbonate humic complexing rare earth decreasing alkalinity readily oxidized preferentially adsorbed hurnic acids. preferential uptake anomaly truly dissolved i.e. complementary anomaly colloidal fraction. anomalies remained hidden inorganic fractions separated. anomalies became apparent ultrafiltration waters isolation fractions. anomaly proxy redox ultrafiltered waters unfiltered waters waters filtered removal e.g. coagulation flocculation alkaline waters anomaly waters. alkaline waters anomalies preferential complexation dissolved carbonate

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48355635

10.1051/0004-6361:200809815

International audienceWe have compared observations of the planetary mean thermal profile and mesospheric wind velocities on the disk, obtained with our millimetric observations of CO rotational lines, to predictions from the Laboratoire de M´et´eorologie Dynamique (LMD) Mars General Circulation Model, as provided through the Mars Climate Database (MCD) numerical tool. Methods. We observed the atmosphere of Mars at CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) wavelengths with the IRAM 30-m antenna in June 2001 and November 2005. We retrieved the mean thermal profile of the planet from high and low spectral resolution data with an inversion method detailed here. High spectral resolution spectra were used to derive mesospheric wind velocities on the planetary disk. We also report here the use of 13CO(2-1) line core shifts to measure wind velocities at 40 km. Results. Neither theMars Year 24 (MY24) nor the Dust Storm scenario from theMars Climate Database (MCD) provides satisfactory fits to the 2001 and 2005 data when retrieving the thermal profiles. The Warm scenario only provides good fits for altitudes lower than 30 km. The atmosphere is warmer than predicted up to 60 km and then becomes colder. Dust loading could be the reason for this mismatch. The MCD MY24 scenario predicts a thermal inversion layer between 40 and 60 km, which is not retrieved from the high spectral resolution data. Our results are generally in agreement with other observations from 10 to 40 km in altitude, but our results obtained from the high spectral resolution spectra differ in the 40-70 km layer, where the instruments are the most sensitive. The wind velocities we retrieve from our 12CO observations confirm MCD predictions for 2001 and 2005. Velocities obtained from 13CO observations are consistent with MCD predictions in 2001, but are lower than predicted in 2005

Vertical temperature profile and mesospheric winds retrieval on Mars from CO millimeter observations. Comparison with general circulation model predictions

vertical temperature profile and mesospheric winds retrieval on mars from co millimeter observations. comparison with general circulation model predictions

audiencewe planetary mesospheric velocities millimetric rotational laboratoire m´et´eorologie dynamique mars circulation mars tool. methods. atmosphere mars wavelengths iram antenna november retrieved planet inversion here. derive mesospheric velocities planetary disk. shifts velocities results. neither themars storm themars satisfactory fits retrieving profiles. warm fits altitudes atmosphere warmer colder. loading mismatch. predicts inversion retrieved data. altitude instruments sensitive. velocities retrieve confirm velocities

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48594069

10.1029/2008GL033468/abstract

A neural network pattern recognition approach called self-organizing map (SOM) has been used to examine the impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on intraseasonal zonal currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. This study shows that during negative IOD events the intraseasonal zonal currents are mostly dominated by the first two modes. On the other hand, contributions from the higher modes to the intraseasonal zonal current significantly increase during positive IOD events. This is attributed to the change in the background stratification associated with the IOD events; the sharp pycnocline in the eastern basin during the positive IOD events causes the wind forcing to project more onto the higher modes

Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole on intraseasonal zonal currents at 90°E on the equator as revealed by self-organizing map

impact of indian ocean dipole on intraseasonal zonal currents at 90°e on the equator as revealed by self-organizing map

recognition organizing examine indian ocean dipole intraseasonal zonal currents eastern equatorial indian ocean. intraseasonal zonal currents mostly dominated modes. intraseasonal zonal events. attributed stratification sharp pycnocline eastern basin forcing

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50616089

10.1007/s10601-013-9144-4

International audienceWe propose two new algorithms for solving Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems (DisCSPs). The first algorithm, AFC-ng, is a nogood-based version of Asynchronous Forward Checking (AFC). Besides its use of nogoods as justification of value removals, AFC-ng allows simultaneous backtracks going from different agents to different destinations. The second algorithm, Asynchronous Forward Checking Tree (AFC- tree), is based on the AFC-ng algorithm and is performed on a pseudo-tree ordering of the constraint graph. AFC-tree runs simultaneous search processes in disjoint problem subtrees and exploits the parallelism inherent in the problem. We prove that AFC-ng and AFC-tree only need polynomial space. We compare the performance of these algorithms with other DisCSP algorithms on random DisCSPs and instances from real benchmarks: sensor networks and distributed meeting scheduling. Our experiments show that AFC-ng improves on AFC and that AFC-tree outperforms all compared algorithms, particularly on sparse problems

Nogood-Based Asynchronous Forward Checking Algorithms

nogood-based asynchronous forward checking algorithms

audiencewe propose solving satisfaction discsps nogood asynchronous checking besides nogoods justification removals simultaneous backtracks going destinations. asynchronous checking pseudo ordering graph. runs simultaneous disjoint subtrees exploits parallelism inherent problem. space. discsp discsps instances benchmarks sensor meeting scheduling. improves outperforms sparse

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50617765

10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.02.013

The exotic structures expected in the outermost layer of neutron stars are investigated in a new approach. It is based on the DYnamical WAvelets in Nuclei (DYWAN) model of nuclear collisions. This microscopic dynamical approach is an Extended Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock description based on a wavelet representation. The model addresses the dynamical exploration of complex nuclear structures, beyond the Wigner-Seitz (WS) approximation and without any assumption on their final shapes. The present study focuses on exotic phases of cold matter evidenced dynamically at sub-saturation densities, currently within a pure mean field framework, before tackling the effects of the multi-particle correlations in a forthcoming study. Starting from inhomogeneous initial conditions provided by nuclei located on an initial crystalline lattice, the exotic structures result from a dynamical self-consistent treatment where, in principle, the nuclear system can freely self-organize, modify the lattice structure or even break the lattice and the initial matter distribution symmetries. In this work nuclei are initially slightly excited with low-lying collective modes. The system can then explore geometrical configurations with similar energies, without being trapped in the vicinity of a local minimum. In this quantum framework, different effects are analyzed, among them the sensitivity to the equation of state and to the proton fraction

Self-consistent dynamical mean-field investigation of exotic structures in isospin-asymetric nuclear matter

self-consistent dynamical mean-field investigation of exotic structures in isospin-asymetric nuclear matter

exotic outermost neutron approach. wavelets nuclei dywan collisions. microscopic hartree fock wavelet representation. addresses exploration wigner seitz shapes. focuses exotic cold evidenced dynamically saturation densities tackling forthcoming study. inhomogeneous nuclei crystalline exotic freely organize modify break symmetries. nuclei initially excited lying collective modes. explore geometrical configurations trapped vicinity minimum. proton

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50618222

10.1007/s10967-007-0507-4

The energy of a deformed nucleus has been determined within a Generalized Liquid Drop Model taking into account the proximity energy, the microscopic corrections and quasi-molecular shapes. In the potential barrier a third peak exists for actinides when one fragment is close to a magic spherical nucleus while the other one varies from oblate to prolate shapes. The barrier heights and half-lives agree with the experimental data. The different entrance channels leading possibly to superheavy elements are studied as well as their $\alpha$-decay

Multiple-humped fission and fusion barriers of actinide and superheavy elements

multiple-humped fission and fusion barriers of actinide and superheavy elements

deformed nucleus drop proximity microscopic quasi shapes. barrier actinides fragment magic spherical nucleus varies oblate prolate shapes. barrier heights lives agree data. entrance possibly superheavy alpha

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51931594

10.1007/978-3-642-19766-6_11

International audiencePartial isovists fields are useful methods to analyze the urban morphology taking into account the visual perception of the pedestrian. However, as previous studies involve a constant visual aperture angle all along the pathway, this paper presents an adaptative method of aperture angular variation according to urban morphology properties. Aperture angle increasing, nearby a square or at roads junction, or decreasing within a canyon street should improve the micro-behavior visual perception in our simulations. With showing that traditional isovist's shape indicators are not well adapted to achieve urban environmental properties, the aim of this paper is to present this new methodology based on a statistics standardized moment called Kurtosis. Our results show that this method could be used to define a surrounding space typology, one step more towards the modeling of visual dynamics

Measuring Surrounding Space to Assess the Pedestrian Visual Aperture Angle in the Urban Fabric: Toward a Kurtosis-Based Isovist Indicator

measuring surrounding space to assess the pedestrian visual aperture angle in the urban fabric: toward a kurtosis-based isovist indicator

audiencepartial isovists analyze morphology perception pedestrian. involve aperture presents adaptative aperture morphology properties. aperture nearby roads junction decreasing canyon street micro perception simulations. traditional isovist indicators adapted methodology standardized moment kurtosis. surrounding typology

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51933225

10.1016/j.cag.2016.05.018

International audienceThe Laplace operator plays a fundamental role in geometry processing. Several discrete versions have been proposed for 3D meshes and point clouds, among others. We define here a discrete Laplace operator for temporally coherent mesh sequences, which allows to process mesh animations in a simple yet efficient way. This operator is a discretization of the Laplace-Beltrami operator using Discrete Exterior Calculus on CW complexes embedded in a four-dimensional space. A parameter is introduced to tune the influence of the motion with respect to the geometry. This enables straightforward generalization of existing Laplacian static mesh processing works to mesh sequences. An application to spacetime editing is provided as example

A 3D+t Laplace operator for temporal mesh sequences

a 3d+t laplace operator for temporal mesh sequences

audiencethe laplace plays processing. versions meshes clouds others. laplace temporally coherent mesh mesh animations way. discretization laplace beltrami exterior calculus complexes embedded space. tune geometry. enables straightforward generalization laplacian mesh mesh sequences. spacetime editing

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51935763

10.1007/s11538-011-9694-9

International audienceWe analyze the role of the spatial distribution of the initial condition in reaction-diffusion models of biological invasion. Our study shows that in the presence of an Allee effect, the precise shape of the initial (or founding) population is of critical importance for successful invasion. Results are provided for one-dimensional and two-dimensional models. In the one-dimensional case, we consider initial conditions supported by two disjoint intervals of length L/2 and separated by a distance α. Analytical as well as numerical results indicate that the critical size L∗(α) of the population, where the invasion is successful if and only if L > L∗(α), is a continuous function of α and tends to increase with α, at least when α is not too small. This result emphasizes the detrimental effect of fragmentation. In the two-dimensional case, we consider more general, stochastically generated initial conditions u0, and we provide a new and rigorous definition of the rate of fragmentation of u0. We then conduct a statistical analysis of the probability of successful invasion depending on the size of the support of u0 and the fragmentation rate of u0. Our results show that the outcome of an invasion is almost completely determined by these two parameters. Moreover, we observe that the minimum abundance required for successful invasion tends to increase in a nonlinear fashion with the fragmentation rate. This effect of fragmentation is enhanced as the strength of the Allee effect is increased

Success rate of a biological invasion in terms of the spatial distribution of the founding population

success rate of a biological invasion in terms of the spatial distribution of the founding population

audiencewe analyze invasion. allee precise founding successful invasion. models. disjoint intervals separated invasion successful tends small. emphasizes detrimental fragmentation. stochastically rigorous fragmentation conduct successful invasion fragmentation invasion parameters. abundance successful invasion tends fashion fragmentation rate. fragmentation allee

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51942555

10.1002/cnm.2698

International audienceThe mechanical behavior of aortic stent-grafts plays an important role in the success of endovascular surgery for aneurysms. In this study, finite element analysis was carried out to simulate the expansion of five marketed stent-graft iliac limbs and to evaluate quantitatively their mechanical performances.The deployment was modeled in a simplified manner according to the following steps: stent-graft crimping and insertion in the delivery sheath, removal of the sheath and stent-graft deployment in the aneurysm, application of arterial pressure.In the most curved aneurysm and for some devices, a decrease of stent-graft cross-sectional area up to 57% was found at the location of some kinks. Apposition defects onto the arterial wall were also clearly evidenced and quantified. Aneurysm inner curve presented significantly more apposition defects than outer curve.The feasibility of finite element analysis to simulate deployment of marketed stent-grafts in curved aneurysm models was demonstrated. The influence of aneurysm tortuosity on stent-graft mechanical behavior shows that increasing vessel curvature leads to stent-graft kinks and inadequate apposition against the arterial wall. Such simulation approach opens a very promising way towards surgical planning tools able to predict intra and/or post-operative short-term stent-graft complications

Deployment of stent-grafts in curved aneurysmal arteries: towards a predictive numerical tool

deployment of stent-grafts in curved aneurysmal arteries: towards a predictive numerical tool

audiencethe aortic stent grafts plays success endovascular aneurysms. simulate marketed stent graft iliac limbs quantitatively performances.the deployment modeled simplified manner stent graft crimping insertion delivery sheath removal sheath stent graft deployment aneurysm arterial pressure.in curved aneurysm devices stent graft sectional kinks. apposition defects arterial evidenced quantified. aneurysm apposition defects outer curve.the feasibility simulate deployment marketed stent grafts curved aneurysm demonstrated. aneurysm tortuosity stent graft vessel curvature stent graft kinks inadequate apposition arterial wall. opens promising surgical planning predict intra operative stent graft complications

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52307910

10.1016/j.sab.2013.10.009

International audiencePollution of water is a matter of concern all over the earth. Particles are known to play an important role in the transportation of pollutants in this medium. In addition, the emergence of new materials such as NOAA (Nano-Objects, their Aggregates and their Agglomerates) emphasizes the need to develop adapted instruments for their detection. Surveillance of pollutants in particulate form in waste waters in industries involved in nanopartide manufacturing and processing is a telling example of possible applications of such instrumental development. The LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) technique coupled with the liquid jet as sampling mode for suspensions was deemed as a potential candidate for on-line and real time monitoring. With the final aim in view to obtain the best detection limits, the interaction of nanosecond laser pulses with the liquid jet was examined. The evolution of the volume sampled by laser pulses was estimated as a function of the laser energy applying conditional analysis when analyzing a suspension of micrometric-sized particles of borosilicate glass. An estimation of the sampled depth was made. Along with the estimation of the sampled volume, the evolution of the SNR (signal to noise ratio) as a function of the laser energy was investigated as well. Eventually, the laser energy and the corresponding fluence optimizing both the sampling volume and the SNR were determined. The obtained results highlight intrinsic limitations of the liquid jet sampling mode when using 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses with suspensions

Sampling considerations when analyzing micrometric-sized particles in a liquid jet using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

sampling considerations when analyzing micrometric-sized particles in a liquid jet using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

audiencepollution concern earth. transportation pollutants medium. emergence noaa nano aggregates agglomerates emphasizes adapted instruments detection. surveillance pollutants particulate waste waters industries nanopartide manufacturing telling instrumental development. libs breakdown spectroscopy suspensions deemed candidate monitoring. nanosecond pulses examined. sampled pulses conditional analyzing suspension micrometric sized borosilicate glass. sampled made. sampled well. eventually fluence optimizing determined. highlight intrinsic limitations nanosecond pulses suspensions

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52429833

10.1088/1751-8113/49/20/204001

International audienceWe present a mostly numerical investigation on randomly perturbed piecewise contracting maps (PCM) with the goal to study the extreme value limit distribution of observables related to local recurrence. Our analysis will focus on PCM under additive noise, but we will also consider the hyperbolic attractor of the Baker's map when perturbed with another kind of noise, namely, the randomly applied stochastic perturbation. A comparison of the two kind of noises will be considered with respect to the computation of the extremal index

Statistical Properties of Random Dynamical Systems with Contracting Direction

statistical properties of random dynamical systems with contracting direction

audiencewe mostly randomly perturbed piecewise contracting goal extreme observables recurrence. additive hyperbolic attractor baker perturbed kind randomly stochastic perturbation. kind noises extremal

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52442887

10.1007/s11760-013-0433-6

International audienceIn this paper a new audio coding scheme combining the Hilbert transform and the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is introduced. Based on the EMD, the coding is fully data-driven approach. Audio signal is first decomposed adaptively, by EMD, into intrinsic oscillatory components called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). The key idea of this work is to code both instantaneous amplitude (IA) and instantaneous frequency (IF), of the extracted IMFs, calculated using Hilbert transform. Since IA (resp. IF) is strongly correlated, it is encoded via a linear prediction technique. The decoder recovers the original signal by superposition of the demodulated IMFs. The proposed approach is applied to audio signals, and the results are compared to those obtained by AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) and MP3 codecs, and wavelets based compression. Coding performances are evaluated using the bit rate, Objective Difference Grade (ODG) and Noise to Mask Ratio (NMR) measures. Based on the analyzed audio signals, overall, our coding scheme performs better than wavelet compression, AAC and MP3 codecs. Results also show that this new scheme has good coding performances without significant perceptual distortion, resulting in an ODG in range [-1,0] and large negative NMR values

HHT-based audio coding

hht-based audio coding

audiencein audio coding combining hilbert transform decomposition introduced. coding approach. audio decomposed adaptively intrinsic oscillatory intrinsic imfs instantaneous instantaneous imfs hilbert transform. resp. encoded technique. decoder recovers superposition demodulated imfs. audio advanced audio coding codecs wavelets compression. coding performances grade mask measures. audio coding performs wavelet compression codecs. coding performances perceptual distortion

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52650273

10.1016/j.precamres.2012.03.005

International audienceThis paper presents new petrological and geochronological data for the ∼3.09-2.92 Ga Murchison Greenstone Belt (MGB), located in South Africa's Kaapvaal Craton, and discusses their geotectonic implications. The MGB is made of three tectono-metamorphic units: the Silwana Amphibolites, the Murchison Unit and the La France Formation. They underwent contrasting clockwise pressure-temperature-deformation (P-T-D) histories, and are separated from each other by relatively narrow, high-strain shear zones, with a sinistral, transpressive top-to-the-south movement, consistent with the deformation patterns observed throughout the belt. These patterns are explained by a N-S compressional stress field, affecting the Murchison Belt between 2.97 and 2.92 Ga. Results of new petrological investigations indicate that ultramafic to felsic volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Murchison Unit underwent a greenschist- to lower-amphibolite-facies metamorphism at maximum P-T conditions of 5.6 ± 0.6 kbar at 570 °C, along a relatively hot, minimum apparent geotherm of ∼30 °C/km. In contrast, the Silwana Amphibolites and the La France Formation were metamorphosed at much higher peak metamorphic conditions of 8.7-10 kbar, 630-670 °C, and 8-9 kbar, 600-650 °C, respectively, and require a colder apparent geotherm of ∼20 °C/km. A retrograde, nearly isothermal-decompression P-T path followed by isobaric cooling is also inferred for the La France Formation. The timing of the structural-metamorphic overprint is bracketed between 2.97 and 2.90 Ga, which is constrained by U-Pb zircon ages of a syn-deformation granite within the Murchison Unit and the post-deformation Maranda granite, respectively. Monazite and xenotime from La France metapelites yield much younger ages of ca. 2.75 Ga, with few inherited components at 2.92 Ga. They point to a later activation of the MGB, perhaps related with tectono-thermal events in the Rooiwater Complex and the Pietersburg Greenstone Belt. The relatively cold apparent geotherms recorded in the Silwana and La France rocks, the contrasted peak P-T conditions between the different units, and the near isothermal decompression of the La France Formation indicate that the Kaapvaal craton crust must have been cold enough to enable significant crustal thickening and strain localisation along narrow shear zones and, as a consequence, fast tectonic juxtaposition of rocks metamorphosed at different crustal depths. These features are similar to those observed along Palaeozoic or modern day, oblique subduction-collision zones, but different to those of hot Archaean provinces. We therefore interpret the MGB as representing part of an oblique collision-zone between two terrains of the Kaapvaal craton: the Witwatersrand and Pietersburg terrains

The Murchison Greenstone Belt, South Africa: Accreted slivers with contrasting metamorphic conditions

the murchison greenstone belt, south africa: accreted slivers with contrasting metamorphic conditions

audiencethis presents petrological geochronological murchison greenstone belt africa kaapvaal craton discusses geotectonic implications. tectono metamorphic silwana amphibolites murchison formation. underwent contrasting clockwise deformation histories separated narrow zones sinistral transpressive movement deformation belt. compressional affecting murchison belt petrological investigations ultramafic felsic volcano sedimentary rocks murchison underwent greenschist amphibolite facies metamorphism kbar apparent geotherm silwana amphibolites metamorphosed metamorphic kbar kbar colder apparent geotherm retrograde nearly isothermal decompression isobaric cooling inferred formation. timing metamorphic overprint bracketed constrained zircon ages deformation granite murchison deformation maranda granite respectively. monazite xenotime metapelites younger ages inherited perhaps tectono rooiwater pietersburg greenstone belt. cold apparent geotherms silwana rocks contrasted isothermal decompression kaapvaal craton crust cold enable crustal thickening localisation narrow zones tectonic juxtaposition rocks metamorphosed crustal depths. palaeozoic modern oblique subduction collision zones archaean provinces. interpret representing oblique collision terrains kaapvaal craton witwatersrand pietersburg terrains

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52678833

10.1088/0022-3727/47/45/455303

Shock loads induce a local tensile stress within a sample. The location and amplitude of this high strain rate stress can be monitored respectively by the duration and intensity of the shock. The process is applied to carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, involved in aeronautic or defense industry. This paper describes the response of CFRP laminates of different thicknesses to a shock load normal to the fibres direction. The effects of the shock duration on the wave propagation are key issues of this work. Experiments have been performed on high power laser facilities and on a high power pulsed generator to get a wide range of pulse duration from fs to µs. Numerical simulation provides a comprehensive approach of the wave propagation and tensile stress generation within these complex materials. The main result concerns the relation between the load duration, the tensile stress and the induced delamination within 1, 4 and 8 ply composite laminate

Effects of the shock duration on the response of CFRP composite laminates

effects of the shock duration on the response of cfrp composite laminates

shock loads induce tensile sample. monitored shock. fibre reinforced polymer cfrp composites aeronautic defense industry. describes cfrp laminates thicknesses shock fibres direction. shock propagation work. facilities pulsed generator comprehensive propagation tensile materials. concerns tensile delamination composite laminate

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52693737

10.1074/jbc.M109.022442

International audienceTriadin is a multiple proteins family, some isoforms being involved in muscle excitation-contraction coupling, and some having still unknown functions. To obtain clues on triadin functions, we engineered a triadin knock-out mouse line and characterized the physiological effect of triadin ablation on skeletal muscle function. These mice presented a reduced muscle strength, which seemed not to alter their survival and has been characterized in the present work. We first checked in these mice the expression level of the different proteins involved in calcium homeostasis and observed in fast muscles an increase in expression of dihydropyridine receptor, with a large reduction in calsequestrin expression. Electron microscopy analysis of KO muscles morphology demonstrated the presence of triads in abnormal orientation and a reduction in the sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae volume. Using calcium imaging on cultured myotubes, we observed a reduction in the total amount of calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Physiological studies have been performed to evaluate the influence of triadin deletion on skeletal muscle function. Muscle strength has been measured both on the whole animal model, using hang test or electrical stimulation combined with NMR analysis and strength measurement, or on isolated muscle using electrical stimulation. All the results obtained demonstrate an important reduction in muscle strength, indicating that triadin plays an essential role in skeletal muscle function and in skeletal muscle structure. These results indicate that triadin alteration leads to the development of a myopathy, which could be studied using this new animal model

Triadin deletion induces impaired skeletal muscle function.

triadin deletion induces impaired skeletal muscle function.

audiencetriadin isoforms contraction unknown functions. clues triadin engineered triadin knock physiological triadin ablation skeletal function. seemed alter work. checked calcium homeostasis muscles dihydropyridine calsequestrin expression. microscopy muscles morphology triads abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae volume. calcium cultured myotubes calcium stored sarcoplasmic reticulum. physiological triadin deletion skeletal function. hang electrical stimulation electrical stimulation. triadin plays skeletal skeletal structure. triadin alteration myopathy

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52695717

10.1093/bioinformatics/btp586

This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Bioinformatics following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version [Rousseau, C., Gonnet, M., Le Romancer, M., Nicolas, J. (2009). CRISPI: a CRISPR Interactive database.Bioinformatics. 25(24):3317-3318] is available online at: http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/.International audienceThe CRISPR genomic structures (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) form a family of repeats that is largely present in archaea and frequent in bacteria. On the basis of a formal model of CRISPR using very few parameters, a systematic study of all their occurrences in all available genomes of Archaea and Bacteria has been carried out. This has resulted in a relational database, CRISPI, which also includes a complete repertory of associated CRISPR-associated genes (CAS). A userfriendly web interface with many graphical tools and functions allows users to extract results, find CRISPR in personal sequences or calculate sequence similarity with spacers

CRISPI: a CRISPR Interactive database

crispi: a crispr interactive database

copy editing publication bioinformatics peer review. definitive publisher authenticated rousseau gonnet romancer nicolas crispi crispr interactive database.bioinformatics. .international audiencethe crispr genomic clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats repeats largely archaea frequent bacteria. formal crispr occurrences genomes archaea bacteria out. resulted relational crispi repertory crispr userfriendly graphical extract crispr personal similarity spacers

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52700960

10.1016/j.nima.2008.01.098

Expérience GANILIn this paper we describe the design of an ion beam monitor developed to control irradiations of biological samples with ions at GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds). This device can be used as an on-line monitor to provide transverse fluence distributions for active scanning ion irradiations. It can also be used as an interceptive beam imager to provide beam profiles or fluence depth distributions. A prototype of the monitor has been tested at GANIL with five different ion beams, having intensities from 104 to 109ions per second. Real time transverse fluence distributions have been obtained with a 1mm spatial resolution

On-line monitoring of fluence distributions and imaging of scanning ion beams

on-line monitoring of fluence distributions and imaging of scanning ion beams

expérience ganilin monitor irradiations ganil grand accélérateur lourds monitor fluence scanning irradiations. interceptive imager fluence distributions. prototype monitor ganil beams intensities second. fluence

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52705935

10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.02.041

We solve the antiferromagnetic transition for the Q-state Potts model (defined geometrically for Q generic) on the square lattice. The solution is based on a detailed analysis of the Bethe ansatz equations (which involve staggered source terms) and on extensive numerical diagonalization of transfer matrices. It involves subtle distinctions between the loop/cluster version of the model, and the associated RSOS and (twisted) vertex models. The latter's continuum limit involves two bosons, one which is compact and twisted, and the other which is not, with a total central charge c=2-6/t, for sqrt(Q)=2cos(pi/t). The non-compact boson contributes a continuum component to the spectrum of critical exponents. For Q generic, these properties are shared by the Potts model. For Q a Beraha number [Q = 4 cos^2(pi/n) with n integer] the two-boson theory is truncated and becomes essentially Z_{n-2} parafermions. Moreover, the vertex model, and, for Q generic, the Potts model, exhibit a first-order critical point on the transition line, i.e., the critical point is also the locus of level crossings where the derivatives of the free energy are discontinuous. In that sense, the thermal exponent of the Potts model is generically nu=1/2. Things are profoundly different for Q a Beraha number, where the transition is second order, with nu=(t-2)/2 determined by the psi_1 parafermion. As one enters the adjacant Berker-Kadanoff phase, the model flows, for t odd, to a minimal model of CFT with c=1-6/t(t-1), while for t even it becomes massive. This provides a physical realization of a flow conjectured by Fateev and Zamolodchikov in the context of Z_N integrable perturbations. Finally, we argue that the antiferromagnetic transition occurs as well on other two-dimensional lattices

The antiferromagnetic transition for the square-lattice Potts model

the antiferromagnetic transition for the square-lattice potts model

solve antiferromagnetic potts geometrically generic lattice. bethe ansatz involve staggered extensive diagonalization matrices. involves subtle distinctions rsos twisted models. continuum involves bosons twisted sqrt boson contributes continuum exponents. generic shared potts model. beraha integer boson truncated essentially parafermions. generic potts exhibit i.e. locus crossings derivatives discontinuous. exponent potts generically things profoundly beraha parafermion. enters adjacant berker kadanoff flows massive. realization conjectured fateev zamolodchikov integrable perturbations. argue antiferromagnetic lattices

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52707521

10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00915-1

CASFission times of lead and uranium nuclei have been measured at GANIL by the crystal blocking method. The inverse kinematics was used. Fragment atomic numbers and total excitation energies were determined. For data analysis, full Monte-Carlo trajectory calculations were used to simulate the blocking patterns. The effect of post-scission emissions, included in our simulations, is discussed. At high excitation energies, the scissions occur dominantly at times shorter than 10−19 s, whereas at low excitation energies (E∗<250–300 MeV), scissions occurring at much longer times with sizeable probabilities are observed both for uranium and for lead nuclei, leading to average scission times much longer than those inferred from pre-scission emission

Nuclear fission time measurements as a function of excitation energy - A crystal blocking experiment

nuclear fission time measurements as a function of excitation energy - a crystal blocking experiment

casfission uranium nuclei ganil blocking method. kinematics used. fragment determined. monte carlo trajectory simulate blocking patterns. scission discussed. scissions dominantly shorter scissions occurring sizeable probabilities uranium nuclei scission inferred scission

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52707980

10.1016/j.crhy.2003.09.007

Observations of the cosmic microwave background represent a remarkable source of information for modern cosmology. Besides providing impressive support for the Big Bang model itself, they quantify the overall framework, or background, for the formation of large scale structure. Most exciting, however, is the potential access these observations give to the first moments of cosmic history and to the physics reigning at such exceptionally high energies, which will remain beyond the reach of the laboratory in any foreseeable future. Upcoming experiments, such as the Planck mission, thus offer a window onto the Physics of the Third Millennium

Cosmological implications from the observed properties of CMB.

cosmological implications from the observed properties of cmb.

cosmic microwave remarkable modern cosmology. besides impressive bang quantify structure. exciting moments cosmic reigning exceptionally foreseeable future. upcoming planck mission offer window millennium

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52708825

10.1051/swsc/2016024

International audienceIn this paper, we review the scientific aspects of planetary space weather at different regions of our Solar System, performing a comparative planetology analysis that includes a direct reference to the circum-terrestrial case. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of existing results based both on observational data and theoretical models, we review the nature of the interactions between the environment of a Solar System body other than the Earth and the impinging plasma/radiation, and we offer some considerations related to the planning of future space observations. We highlight the importance of such comparative studies for data interpretations in the context of future space missions (e.g. ESA JUICE; ESA/JAXA BEPI COLOMBO). Moreover, we discuss how the study of planetary space weather can provide feedback for better understanding the traditional circum-terrestrial space weather. Finally, a strategy for future global investigations related to this thematic is proposed

Planetary space weather: scientific aspects and future perspectives

planetary space weather: scientific aspects and future perspectives

audiencein planetary weather performing comparative planetology circum terrestrial case. interdisciplinary observational earth impinging offer considerations planning observations. highlight comparative interpretations missions e.g. juice jaxa bepi colombo planetary weather traditional circum terrestrial weather. investigations thematic

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52711753

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.034

International audienceSmoke plumes from fires contain atmospheric pollutants that can be transported to populated areas and effect regional air quality. In this paper, the characteristics and impact of the fire plumes from a major fire event that occurred in October 2013 (17–26) in the New South Wales (NSW) in Australia, near the populated areas of Sydney and Wollongong, are studied. Measurements from the Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer located at the University of Wollongong allowed a calculation of specific emission factors (EFs) in terms of grams per kilogram of dry fuel burned: 1640 g kg−1 of carbon dioxide; 107 g kg−1 of carbon monoxide; 7.8 g kg−1 of methane; and 0.16 g kg−1 of nitrous oxide. These EFs have then been used to calculate daily fire emissions for the NSW fire event using the APIFLAME emissions' model, leading to an increase of 54% of CO emitted compared to calculations with EFs from Akagi et al. (2011), widely used in the literature

Impact of the New South Wales fires during October 2013 on regional air quality in eastern Australia

impact of the new south wales fires during october 2013 on regional air quality in eastern australia

audiencesmoke plumes fires pollutants transported populated quality. fire plumes fire occurred october wales australia populated sydney wollongong studied. fourier transform infrared ftir spectrometer wollongong grams kilogram fuel burned dioxide monoxide methane nitrous oxide. fire fire apiflame emitted akagi widely

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52714757

10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.09.003

International audienceThe dispersion of a patch of the tracer sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is used to assess the lateral diffusivity in the coastal waters of the western part of the Gulf of Lion (GoL), northwestern Mediterranean Sea, during the Latex10 experiment (September 2010). Immediately after the release, the spreading of the patch is associated with a strong decrease of the SF6 concentrations due to the gas exchange from the ocean to the atmosphere. This has been accurately quantified, evidencing the impact of the strong wind conditions during the first days of this campaign. Few days after the release, as the atmospheric loss of SF6 decreased, lateral diffusivity coefficient at spatial scales of 10 km has been computed using two approaches. First, the evolution of the patch with time was combined with a diffusion-strain model to obtain estimates of the strain rate (γ = 2.5 10- 6 s- 1) and of the lateral diffusivity coefficient (Kh = 23.2 m2s− 1). Second, a steady state model was applied, showing Kh values similar to the previous method after a period of adjustment between 2 and 4.5 days. This implies that after such period, our computation of Kh becomes insensitive to the inclusion of further straining of the patch. Analysis of sea surface temperature satellite imagery shows the presence of a strong front in the study area. The front clearly affected the dynamics within the region and thus the temporal evolution of the patch. Our results are consistent with previous studies in open ocean and demonstrate the success and feasibility of those methods also under small-scale, rapidly-evolving dynamics typical of coastal environments

Lateral diffusivity coefficients from the dynamics of a SF6 patch in a coastal environment

lateral diffusivity coefficients from the dynamics of a sf6 patch in a coastal environment

audiencethe patch tracer sulfur hexafluoride lateral diffusivity coastal waters gulf lion northwestern mediterranean latex september immediately spreading patch ocean atmosphere. accurately quantified evidencing campaign. lateral diffusivity approaches. patch lateral diffusivity steady adjustment days. insensitive inclusion straining patch. satellite imagery front area. front patch. ocean success feasibility rapidly evolving coastal environments

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52718481

10.1051/0004-6361/201321231

International audienceContext. The thermal structure of Titan's thermosphere is determined by the balance between several heating and cooling processes. These processes must be accurately modeled to correctly interpret the available measurements and enhance our understanding of the formation and evolution of this atmosphere. One of the most important thermospheric cooling process for Titan is emission in the HCN rotational band. Aims. We aim to determine the validity of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for the HCN rotational distribution in the thermosphere of Titan and the impact of its breakdown on the HCN radiative cooling rate in the thermosphere. Methods. A general non-LTE radiative transfer code for rotational lines based on the accelerated lambda iteration (ALI) was used to calculate the excitation of HCN rotational levels in Titan's atmosphere. These level populations were then used to calculate the associated cooling rate. Results. We show that the common assumption in the models of Titan's thermospheric energy balance, namely the LTE distribution of rotational lines of HCN, is generally not valid above about 1100 km, or ~0.025 nbar, which will affect the derived thermospheric cooling rates. The effect of non-LTE is to reduce the cooling rate to 15% of the LTE value at around the exobase altitudes depending on the given density of HCN and collisional partners (N2, CH4, H 2, and electrons). Since collision state-to-state quenching rates of HCN rotational levels are poorly known, a sensitivity analysis of our results to these rates is also presented. © 2013 ESO

Rotational non-LTE in HCN in the thermosphere of Titan: Implications for the radiative cooling

rotational non-lte in hcn in the thermosphere of titan: implications for the radiative cooling

audiencecontext. titan thermosphere balance heating cooling processes. accurately modeled correctly interpret enhance atmosphere. thermospheric cooling titan rotational band. aims. validity thermodynamic rotational thermosphere titan breakdown radiative cooling thermosphere. methods. radiative rotational accelerated lambda iteration rotational titan atmosphere. cooling rate. results. titan thermospheric balance rotational valid nbar thermospheric cooling rates. cooling exobase altitudes collisional partners collision quenching rotational poorly presented.

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52721208

10.1103/PhysRevE.89.053304

International audienceOver the last 15 years, x-ray microtomography has become a useful technique to obtain morphological, structural, and topological information on materials. Moreover, these three-dimensional (3D) images can be used as input data to assess certain properties (e.g., permeability) or to simulate phenomena (e.g., transfer properties). In order to capture all the features of interest, high spatial resolution is required. This involves imaging small samples, raising the question of the representativity of the data sets. In this article, we (i) present a methodology to analyze the microstructural properties of complex porous media from 3D images, (ii) assess statistical representative elementary volumes (REVs) for such materials; and (iii) establish criteria to delimit these REVs. In the context of cultural heritage conservation, a statistical study was done on 30 quarry samples for three sorts of stones. We first present the principles of x-ray microtomography experiments and emphasize the care that must be taken in the 3D image segmentation steps. Results show that statistical REVs exist for these media and are reached for the image sizes studied (1300×1300×1000 voxels) for two characteristics: porosity and chord length distributions. Furthermore, the estimators used (porosity, autocorrelation function, and chord length distributions) are sufficiently sensitive to quantitatively distinguish these three porous media from each other. Lastly, this study puts forward criteria based on the above-mentioned estimators to evaluate the REVs. These criteria avoid having to repeat the statistical study for each new material studied. This is particularly relevant to quantitatively monitor the modifications in materials (weathering, deformation . . . ) or to determine the smallest 3D volume for simulation in order to reduce computing time

Representative elementary volume assessment of three-dimensional x-ray microtomography images of heterogeneous materials: Application to limestones

representative elementary volume assessment of three-dimensional x-ray microtomography images of heterogeneous materials: application to limestones

audienceover microtomography morphological topological materials. e.g. permeability simulate phenomena e.g. capture required. involves raising representativity sets. methodology analyze microstructural porous elementary volumes revs establish delimit revs. cultural heritage conservation quarry sorts stones. principles microtomography emphasize segmentation steps. revs reached sizes voxels porosity chord distributions. estimators porosity autocorrelation chord sufficiently quantitatively distinguish porous other. lastly puts estimators revs. avoid repeat studied. quantitatively monitor modifications weathering deformation smallest

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52764500

10.1051/0004-6361:20042230

International audienceMeasurement of cosmic microwave background polarization is today a major goal of observational cosmology. The level of the signal to measure, however, makes it very sensitive to various systematic effects. In the case of Planck, which measures polarization by combining data from various detectors, the beam asymmetry can induce a temperature leakage or a polarization mode mixing. In this paper, we investigate this effect using realistic simulated beams and propose a first-order method to correct the polarization power spectra for the induced systematic effect

Beam mismatch effects in Cosmic Microwave Background polarization measurements

beam mismatch effects in cosmic microwave background polarization measurements

audiencemeasurement cosmic microwave today goal observational cosmology. effects. planck combining detectors asymmetry induce leakage mixing. realistic beams propose

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52781225

10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.09.007

International audienceWood, trabecular bone, coral, liquid foams, grains in polycrystals, igneous rock, and even many types of food share many structural similarities and belong to the general class called cellular materials. The visualization of these materials in 3D has been made possible in the last decades through a variety of imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro-computed X-ray tomography ($\mu$CT), and confocal microscopy. Recent advances in synchrotron-based ultra fast tomography have enabled measurements in liquid foams with thousands of bubbles and time resolutions down to 0.5 seconds. Post-processing techniques have, however, not kept pace and extracting useful physical metrics from such measurements is far from trivial. In this manuscript we present and validate a new, fully-automated method for segmenting and labeling the void space in cellular materials where the walls between cells are not visible or present. The individual cell labeling is based on a new tool, the Gradient Guided Watershed, which, while computationally simple, can be robustly scaled to large data-sets. Specifically we demonstrate the utility of this new method on several liquid foams (with varying liquid fraction and polydispersity) composed of thousands of bubbles, and the subsequent quantitative 3D structural characterization of those foams

Quantitative 3D Characterization of Cellular Materials: Segmentation and Morphology of Foam

quantitative 3d characterization of cellular materials: segmentation and morphology of foam

audiencewood trabecular coral foams grains polycrystals igneous rock share similarities belong materials. visualization decades micro tomography confocal microscopy. advances synchrotron ultra tomography enabled foams thousands bubbles resolutions seconds. kept pace extracting metrics trivial. validate automated segmenting labeling void walls visible present. labeling guided watershed computationally robustly scaled sets. utility foams polydispersity composed thousands bubbles foams

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52782664

10.1007/s00285-012-0538-5

19 pagesInternational audienceA system of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations is derived using mixture theory to model the formation of biofilms. In contrast with most of the existing models, our equations have a finite speed of propagation, without using artificial free boundary conditions. Adapted numerical scheme will be described in detail and several simulations will be presented in one and more space dimensions in the particular case of cyanobacteria biofilms. Besides, the numerical scheme we present is able to deal in a natural and effective way with regions where one of the phases is vanishing

A fluid dynamics model of the growth of phototrophic biofilms.

a fluid dynamics model of the growth of phototrophic biofilms.

pagesinternational audiencea hyperbolic mixture biofilms. propagation artificial conditions. adapted cyanobacteria biofilms. besides deal vanishing

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52817307

10.1007/s10682-013-9680-9

International audienceBody water is a major element of the cold-hardiness strategies observed in ectothermic animals, in particular in freezing avoidant species for which body ice formation is lethal. Here, we investigate the relationships, in terrestrial snails, between the temperature of crystallisation (Tc) and body water (water mass and water content), shell shape, geographic and climatic distribution, taking into account phylogenetic inertia. Phylogenetic relationships among 31 species from 13 different families of terrestrial Gastropods were studied using 28S rRNA nuclear and COI mitochondrial sequence data, together with species-specific traits. Our results provide evidence for clear relationships between Tc and absolute / relative body water: smaller species with lower water content tended to be characterized by colder temperatures of crystallisation, although some exceptions were noticeable. Environmental conditions do not appear to affect Tc significantly, as well as shell shape which is however correlated with water content. This study confirmed that supercooling ability in land snails is size constrained, with consequences on cold-hardiness strategies

Is cold hardiness size-constrained? A comparative approach in land snails

is cold hardiness size-constrained? a comparative approach in land snails

audiencebody cold hardiness ectothermic freezing avoidant lethal. terrestrial snails crystallisation geographic climatic phylogenetic inertia. phylogenetic families terrestrial gastropods rrna mitochondrial traits. tended colder crystallisation exceptions noticeable. content. confirmed supercooling snails constrained consequences cold hardiness

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52898570

10.1007/978-3-319-13051-4_15

International audienceThis paper investigates large linear mappings with very good diffusion and efficient software implementations, that can be used as part of a block cipher design. The mappings are derived from linear codes over a small field (typically F 2 4) with a high dimension (typically 16) and a high minimum distance. This results in diffusion matrices with equally high dimension and a large branch number. Because we aim for parameters for which no MDS code is known to exist, we propose to use more flexible algebraic-geometry codes. We present two simple yet efficient algorithms for the software implementation of matrix-vector multi-plication in this context, and derive conditions on the generator matrices of the codes to yield efficient encoders. We then specify an appropriate code and use its automorphisms as well as random sampling to find good such matrices. We provide concrete examples of parameters and implementations, and the corresponding assembly code. We also give performance figures in an example of application which show the interest of our ap-proach

Diffusion Matrices from Algebraic-Geometry Codes with Efficient SIMD Implementation

diffusion matrices from algebraic-geometry codes with efficient simd implementation

audiencethis investigates mappings implementations cipher design. mappings codes distance. equally branch number. propose flexible algebraic codes. plication derive generator codes encoders. specify automorphisms matrices. concrete implementations assembly code. proach

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52907329

10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.09.131

International audienceAn electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigation on Ti-doped MgAl2O4 spinels has been made in order to study the Ti3+ sites. The study we present here concerns the angular dependencies of the Ti3+ EPR lines and the variations of the EPR spectra due to a modification of the TiO2 content or of the chemical composition from MgAl2O4 to MgAl4O7 and MgAl6O10. In all the studied samples except one, we observe the presence of both Mn2+ and Ti3+ ions. No correlation was observed between Ti3+ amount and TiO2 content; the titanium ions are located in three different sites: the octahedral B site of the spinel structure; the tetrahedral A site and a last site which remains unclear. On the contrary, the major part of the Mn2+ ions is assumed to be in the tetrahedral A site of the spinel structure and a minor part in the octahedral B site. Our work demonstrates the overall interest of EPR spectroscopy in the study of the paramagnetic optically active ions inside optical materials

Spectroscopic studies of Ti3+ ions speciation inside MgAl2O4 spinels

spectroscopic studies of ti3+ ions speciation inside mgal2o4 spinels

audiencean paramagnetic doped mgal spinels sites. concerns dependencies modification mgal mgal mgal ions. titanium octahedral spinel tetrahedral unclear. contrary tetrahedral spinel minor octahedral site. demonstrates spectroscopy paramagnetic optically

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52923009

10.1063/1.3638129

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this study, we implanted N + and N 2 + ions into sputter deposited amorphous boron carbide (a-BC) and diamond like carbon (DLC) thin films in an effort to understand the chemical bonding involved and investigate possible phase separation routes in boron carbon nitride (BCN) films. In addition, we investigated the effect of implanted C + ions in sputter deposited amorphous boron nitride (a-BN) films. Implanted ion energies for all ion species were set at 40 KeV. Implanted films were then analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The changes in the chemical composition and bonding chemistry due to ion-implantation were examined at different depths of the films using sequential ion-beam etching and high resolution XPS analysis cycles. A comparative analysis has been made with the results from sputter deposited BCN films suggesting that implanted nitrogen and carbon atoms behaved very similar to nitrogen and carbon atoms in sputter deposited BCN films. We found that implanted nitrogen atoms would prefer bonding to carbon atoms in the films only if there is no boron atom in the vicinity or after all available boron atoms have been saturated with nitrogen. Implanted carbon atoms also preferred to either bond with available boron atoms or, more likely bonded with other implanted carbon atoms. These results were also supported by ab-initio density functional theory calculations which indicated that carbon-carbon bonds were energetically preferable to carbon-boron and carbon-nitrogen bonds. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

Bias in bonding behavior among boron, carbon, and nitrogen atoms in ion implanted a-BN, a-BC, and diamond like carbon films

bias in bonding behavior among boron, carbon, and nitrogen atoms in ion implanted a-bn, a-bc, and diamond like carbon films

cataloged article.in implanted sputter deposited amorphous boron carbide diamond films effort bonding routes boron nitride films. implanted sputter deposited amorphous boron nitride films. implanted kev. implanted films photoelectron spectroscopy bonding implantation depths films sequential etching cycles. comparative sputter deposited films implanted nitrogen behaved nitrogen sputter deposited films. implanted nitrogen prefer bonding films boron atom vicinity boron saturated nitrogen. implanted preferred bond boron bonded implanted atoms. initio bonds energetically preferable boron nitrogen bonds.

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52948646

10.1073/pnas.0737918100

Invasion by mats of free-floating plants is among the most important threats to the functioning and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems ranging from temperate ponds and ditches to tropical lakes. Dark, anoxic conditions under thick floating-plant cover leave little opportunity for animal or plant life, and they can have large negative impacts on fisheries and navigation in tropical lakes. Here, we demonstrate that floating-plant dominance can be a self-stabilizing ecosystem state, which may explain its notorious persistence in many situations. Our results, based on experiments, field data, and models, represent evidence for alternative domains of attraction in ecosystems. An implication of our findings is that nutrient enrichment reduces the resilience of freshwater systems against a shift to floating-plant dominance. On the other hand, our results also suggest that a single drastic harvest of floating plants can induce a permanent shift to an alternative state dominated by rooted, submerged growth forms

Floating plant dominance as a stable state

floating plant dominance as a stable state

invasion mats floating threats functioning biodiversity freshwater ecosystems ranging temperate ponds ditches tropical lakes. anoxic thick floating cover leave opportunity impacts fisheries navigation tropical lakes. floating dominance stabilizing ecosystem notorious persistence situations. attraction ecosystems. implication nutrient enrichment reduces resilience freshwater floating dominance. drastic harvest floating induce permanent dominated rooted submerged

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52953503

10.1073/pnas.1319538111

Cognitive gender differences and the reasons for their origins have fascinated researchers for decades. Using nationally representative data to investigate gender differences in cognitive performance in middle-aged and older populations across Europe, we show that the magnitude of these differences varies systematically across cognitive tasks, birth cohorts, and regions, but also that the living conditions and educational opportunities individuals are exposed to during their formative years are related to their later cognitive performance. Specifically, we demonstrate that improved living conditions and less gender-restricted educational opportunities are associated with increased gender differences favoring women in some cognitive functions (i.e., episodic memory) and decreases (i.e., numeracy) or elimination of differences in other cognitive abilities (i.e., category fluency). Our results suggest that these changes take place due to a general increase in women's cognitive performance over time, associated with societal improvements in living conditions and educational opportunities

The changing face of cognitive gender differences in Europe

the changing face of cognitive gender differences in europe

gender reasons origins fascinated researchers decades. nationally gender aged older europe varies systematically tasks birth cohorts living educational opportunities exposed formative performance. living gender restricted educational opportunities gender favoring i.e. episodic i.e. numeracy elimination abilities i.e. fluency societal improvements living educational opportunities

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53164744

10.1007/978-3-642-16074-5_6

PKCS#11 is a standard API to cryptographic devices such as smarcards, hardware security modules and usb crypto-tokens. Though widely adopted, this API has been shown to be prone to attacks in which a malicious user gains access to the sensitive keys stored in the devices. In 2008, Delaune, Kremer and Steel proposed a model to formally reason on this kind of attacks. We extend this model to also describe flaws that are based on integrity violations of the stored keys. In particular, we consider scenarios in which a malicious overwriting of keys might fool honest users into using attacker’s own keys, while performing sensitive operations. We further enrich the model with a trusted key mechanism ensuring that only controlled, non-tampered keys are used in cryptographic operations, and we show how this modified API prevents the above mentioned key-replacement attacks

Formal Analysis of Key Integrity in PKCS#11

formal analysis of key integrity in pkcs#11

pkcs cryptographic devices smarcards hardware security modules crypto tokens. widely adopted prone attacks malicious gains keys stored devices. delaune kremer steel formally kind attacks. extend flaws integrity violations stored keys. scenarios malicious overwriting keys fool honest attacker’s keys performing operations. enrich trusted ensuring tampered keys cryptographic operations prevents replacement attacks

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54034159

10.1063/1.2970034

Titanium oxide thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. The reactive gas pulsing process was implemented to control the oxygen injection in the deposition process and,consequently, to tune the oxygen concentration in the films from pure titanium to stoichiometric TiO2, maintaining a homogeneous in-depth concentration. The electrical conductivity of the films was investigated as a function of the oxygen injection time, the metalloid concentration and temperature, in the range 90-600 K. The curved Arrhenius plots of the conductivity were examined taking into account the grain boundary limited transport model of Werner J. H. Werner Solid State Phenom. 37-38, 213 1994 . The grain barrier heights were found to depend significantly on the oxygen supplied into the deposition process and thus, on the oxygen-to-titanium atomic ratio in the films. The analysis as a function of temperature showed that the conduction mechanism in the coatings was not solely limited by the oxygen-to-titanium atomic ratio, but also by the grain boundary scattering

The contribution of grain boundary barriers to the electrical conductivity of titanium oxide thin films

the contribution of grain boundary barriers to the electrical conductivity of titanium oxide thin films

titanium oxide films reactive magnetron sputtering. reactive pulsing implemented injection deposition tune films titanium stoichiometric maintaining homogeneous concentration. electrical conductivity films injection metalloid curved arrhenius plots conductivity grain werner werner phenom. grain barrier heights supplied deposition titanium films. conduction coatings solely titanium grain

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54828952

10.1016/j.jnc.2014.07.001

International audienceHabitat restoration is one way of reducing landscape fragmentation, which is seen as a threat to biodiversity. It consists in renovating disused or degraded habitat patches or in creating new habitat patches in suitable areas. Currently, most restoration measures draw on the local knowledge of experts for selecting the best locations. For amphibian metapopulations like the European tree frog (Hyla arborea), the search for such locations must include regional-scale connectivity in order to maintain their viability. We set up a systematic and cumulative protocol for adding new habitat patches to a pond network. Graph modelling is used to include regional-scale connectivity as a criterion to be maximized. Successive locations are tested systematically and connectivity is compared before and after the virtual addition of each new pond. The location that increases connectivity most is identified. The results show that the priority areas identified by the model are similar to those suggested by local experts from a wildlife conservation association. The two approaches are complementary because they are applied on two different scales. The patch addition method can identify strategic areas for improving global connectivity by taking into account the regional scale. Experts' knowledge can target the precise location within the identified area for creating new habitats based on local factors of the surrounding context. In addition, our method can be also used to prioritize locations already decided on by landscape managers. Consequently, this protocol appears to be a useful tool for guiding habitat restoration in the field

Integrating regional-scale connectivity in habitat restoration: An application for amphibian conservation in eastern France

integrating regional-scale connectivity in habitat restoration: an application for amphibian conservation in eastern france

audiencehabitat restoration reducing landscape fragmentation threat biodiversity. renovating disused degraded habitat patches creating habitat patches areas. restoration draw experts selecting locations. amphibian metapopulations frog hyla arborea locations connectivity maintain viability. cumulative adding habitat patches pond network. connectivity criterion maximized. successive locations systematically connectivity virtual pond. connectivity identified. priority experts wildlife conservation association. complementary scales. patch strategic improving connectivity scale. experts precise creating habitats surrounding context. prioritize locations decided landscape managers. guiding habitat restoration

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59042932

10.1103/PhysRevB.90.214525

We investigated order parameter textures of the rotating superfluid 3 He-A phase in a single narrow cylinder with a diameter of about 10 times the dipole coherence length by the cw-NMR method. It is theoretically proposed that in such a narrow cylinder, a few special textures will appear due to the confinement in a cylindrical geometry. We observed three types of NMR spectra in the A phase. The NMR spectra of the textures were identified by a comparison with the spin waves excited in the NMR potential using their numerically calculated resonance frequencies and relative intensities. We have established a method to selectively generate each one of the textures by controlling the conditions when the A phase was formed, such as the applied magnetic field, rotation angular velocity, and temperature

Manipulating textures of rotating superfluid 3 He- A phase in a single narrow cylinder

manipulating textures of rotating superfluid 3 he- a phase in a single narrow cylinder

textures rotating superfluid narrow cylinder dipole coherence method. theoretically narrow cylinder textures confinement cylindrical geometry. phase. textures excited numerically intensities. selectively textures controlling

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59244294

10.1103/PhysRevE.61.2769

We report on chevrons (herringbonelike patterns) observed in homeotropically aligned liquid crystals with high electric conductivity. We focus our attention on two types of chevrons observed in the conduction regime. The threshold voltage and the characteristic double periodicity of chevrons (i.e., the short wavelength λ1 of the striated rolls and the long wavelength λ2 of the chevron bands) have been measured as functions of the applied electric frequency f. With the aid of a crossed polarizer set, we have, in addition, determined the director field which shows a periodic in-plane rotation for our chevrons (with a wavelength λ2). We arrived at the types of chevrons after qualitatively different bifurcation sequences with increasing voltage. The frequency dependence of λ2 also shows a qualitatively different behavior with respect to the two types of chevrons. The experimental results are discussed in terms of recent theoretical investigations

Pattern formation of chevrons in the conduction regime in homeotropically aligned liquid crystals

pattern formation of chevrons in the conduction regime in homeotropically aligned liquid crystals

chevrons herringbonelike homeotropically aligned crystals conductivity. chevrons conduction regime. periodicity chevrons i.e. striated rolls chevron crossed polarizer director chevrons arrived chevrons qualitatively bifurcation voltage. qualitatively chevrons. investigations

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61344076

10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.074

Pressurized thermal creep tubes of highly purified V-4Cr-4Ti, the NIFS-Heat2 alloy have been examined following testing in the range 700 to 850°C. It was found that the creep stress exponent of the NIFS-Heat2 alloy is about 5 and that the characteristic creep mechanism was the dislocation creep usually observed in pure metals. The apparent activation energy of creep deformation is about 210kJ/mol in the temperature range 700 to 850°C. Creep deformation was considered to be controlled by climb-controlled dislocation glide at 850°C, where sub-grain boundary structure predominates and consists of dislocation dipole structures and pile-ups of dislocations

Creep mechanism of highly purified V-4Cr-4Ti alloys during thermal creep in a vacuum

creep mechanism of highly purified v-4cr-4ti alloys during thermal creep in a vacuum

pressurized creep tubes purified nifs alloy creep exponent nifs alloy creep dislocation creep metals. apparent creep deformation creep deformation climb dislocation glide grain predominates dislocation dipole pile dislocations

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74507002

10.1038/tp.2016.191

The emerging concept of psychobiotics—live microorganisms with a potential mental health benefit—represents a novel approach for the management of stress-related conditions. The majority of studies have focused on animal models. Recent preclinical studies have identified the B. longum 1714 strain as a putative psychobiotic with an impact on stress-related behaviors, physiology and cognitive performance. Whether such preclinical effects could be translated to healthy human volunteers remains unknown. We tested whether psychobiotic consumption could affect the stress response, cognition and brain activity patterns. In a within-participants design, healthy volunteers (N=22) completed cognitive assessments, resting electroencephalography and were exposed to a socially evaluated cold pressor test at baseline, post-placebo and post-psychobiotic. Increases in cortisol output and subjective anxiety in response to the socially evaluated cold pressor test were attenuated. Furthermore, daily reported stress was reduced by psychobiotic consumption. We also observed subtle improvements in hippocampus-dependent visuospatial memory performance, as well as enhanced frontal midline electroencephalographic mobility following psychobiotic consumption. These subtle but clear benefits are in line with the predicted impact from preclinical screening platforms. Our results indicate that consumption of B. longum 1714 is associated with reduced stress and improved memory. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the benefits of this putative psychobiotic in relevant stress-related conditions and to unravel the mechanisms underlying such effects

Bifidobacterium longum 1714 as a translational psychobiotic: modulation of stress, electrophysiology and neurocognition in healthy volunteers

bifidobacterium longum 1714 as a translational psychobiotic: modulation of stress, electrophysiology and neurocognition in healthy volunteers

emerging psychobiotics—live microorganisms benefit—represents conditions. majority focused models. preclinical longum putative psychobiotic behaviors physiology performance. preclinical translated healthy volunteers unknown. psychobiotic cognition patterns. healthy volunteers completed assessments resting electroencephalography exposed socially cold pressor placebo psychobiotic. cortisol subjective anxiety socially cold pressor attenuated. psychobiotic consumption. subtle improvements hippocampus visuospatial frontal midline electroencephalographic mobility psychobiotic consumption. subtle benefits preclinical screening platforms. longum memory. warranted benefits putative psychobiotic unravel

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76981287

10.1080/17441692.2015.1123747

Unsafe abortion is a significant but preventable cause of maternal mortality. Although induced abortion has been legal in Zambia since 1972, many women still face logistical, financial, social, and legal obstacles to access safe abortion services, and undergo unsafe abortion instead. This study provides the first estimates of costs of post abortion care (PAC) after an unsafe abortion and the cost of safe abortion in Zambia. In the absence of routinely collected data on abortions, we used multiple data sources: key informant interviews, medical records and hospital logbooks. We estimated the costs of providing safe abortion and PAC services at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka and then projected these costs to generate indicative cost estimates for Zambia. Due to unavailability of data on the actual number of safe abortions and PAC cases in Zambia, we used estimates from previous studies and from other similar countries, and checked the robustness of our estimates with sensitivity analyses. We found that PAC following an unsafe abortion can cost 2.5 times more than safe abortion care. The Zambian health system could save as much as US$0.4 million annually if those women currently treated for an unsafe abortion instead had a safe abortion

Cost of abortions in Zambia: a comparison of safe abortion and post abortion care

cost of abortions in zambia: a comparison of safe abortion and post abortion care

unsafe abortion preventable maternal mortality. abortion legal zambia logistical legal obstacles safe abortion undergo unsafe abortion instead. abortion unsafe abortion safe abortion zambia. routinely abortions informant interviews records logbooks. safe abortion teaching lusaka projected indicative zambia. unavailability safe abortions zambia checked robustness analyses. unsafe abortion safe abortion care. zambian save million annually unsafe abortion safe abortion

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80739261

10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/046019

Pathological tremors are symptomatic to several neurological disorders that are difficult to differentiate and the way by which central oscillatory networks entrain tremorogenic contractions is unknown. We considered the alternative hypotheses that tremor arises from one oscillator (at the tremor frequency) or, as suggested by recent findings from the superimposition of two separate inputs (at the tremor frequency and twice that frequency). Approach. Assuming one central oscillatory network we estimated analytically the relative amplitude of the harmonics of the tremor frequency in the motor neuron output for different temporal behaviors of the oscillator. Next, we analyzed the bias in the relative harmonics amplitude introduced by superimposing oscillations at twice the tremor frequency. These findings were validated using experimental measurements of wrist angular velocity and surface electromyography (EMG) from 22 patients (11 essential tremor, 11 Parkinson’s disease). The ensemble motor unit action potential trains identified from the EMG represented the neural drive to the muscles. Main results. The analytical results showed that the relative power of the tremor harmonics in the analytical models of the neural drive was determined by the variability and duration of the tremor bursts and the presence of the second oscillator biased this power towards higher values. The experimental findings accurately matched the analytical model assuming one oscillator, indicating a negligible functional role of secondary oscillatory inputs. Furthermore, a significant difference in the relative power of harmonics in the neural drive was found across the patient groups, suggesting a diagnostic value of this measure (classification accuracy: 86%). This diagnostic power decreased substantially when estimated from limb acceleration or the EMG. Signficance. The results indicate that the neural drive in pathological tremor is compatible with one central network providing neural oscillations at the tremor frequency. Moreover, the regularity of this neural oscillation varies across tremor pathologies, making the relative amplitude of tremor harmonics a potential biomarker for diagnostic use

One central oscillatory drive is compatible with experimental motor unit behaviour in essential and Parkinsonian tremor

one central oscillatory drive is compatible with experimental motor unit behaviour in essential and parkinsonian tremor

pathological tremors symptomatic neurological disorders differentiate oscillatory entrain tremorogenic contractions unknown. hypotheses tremor arises oscillator tremor superimposition inputs tremor twice approach. oscillatory analytically harmonics tremor motor neuron behaviors oscillator. harmonics superimposing oscillations twice tremor frequency. validated wrist electromyography tremor parkinson’s ensemble motor trains drive muscles. results. tremor harmonics drive tremor bursts oscillator biased values. accurately matched oscillator negligible oscillatory inputs. harmonics drive diagnostic diagnostic substantially limb acceleration emg. signficance. drive pathological tremor compatible oscillations tremor frequency. regularity oscillation varies tremor pathologies tremor harmonics biomarker diagnostic

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83599208

10.1088/0953-2048/27/6/065017

Hybrid magnetic arrays embedded in superconducting films are ideal systems to study the competition between different physical (such as the coherence length) and structural length scales such as are available in artificially produced structures. This interplay leads to oscillation in many magnetically dependent superconducting properties such as the critical currents, resistivity and magnetization. These effects are generally analyzed using two distinct models based on vortex pinning or wire network. In this work, we show that for magnetic dot arrays, as opposed to antidot (i.e. holes) arrays, vortex pinning is the main mechanism for field induced oscillations in resistance R(H), critical current I-c(H), magnetization M(H) and ac-susceptibility chi(ac)(H) in a broad temperature range. Due to the coherence length divergence at T-c, a crossover to wire network behaviour is experimentally found. While pinning occurs in a wide temperature range up to T-c, wire network behaviour is only present in a very narrow temperature window close to T-c. In this temperature interval, contributions from both mechanisms are operational but can be experimentally distinguished

Vortex pinning vs superconducting wire network: origin of periodic oscillations induced by applied magnetic fields in superconducting films with arrays of nanomagnets

vortex pinning vs superconducting wire network: origin of periodic oscillations induced by applied magnetic fields in superconducting films with arrays of nanomagnets

hybrid arrays embedded superconducting films ideal competition coherence artificially structures. interplay oscillation magnetically superconducting currents resistivity magnetization. vortex pinning wire network. arrays opposed antidot i.e. holes arrays vortex pinning oscillations magnetization susceptibility broad range. coherence divergence crossover wire experimentally found. pinning wire narrow window operational experimentally distinguished

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100658

10.1063/1.2150587

<p>Chemical vapor-synthesized carbon nanotubes are typically grown at temperatures around 600 degrees C. We report on the deployment of a titanium layer to help elevate the constraints on the substrate temperature during plasma-assisted growth. The growth is possible through the lowering of the hydrocarbon content used in the deposition, with the only source of heat provided by the plasma. The nanotubes synthesized have a small diameter distribution, which deviates from the usual trend that the diameter is determined by the thickness of the catalyst film. Simple thermodynamic simulations also show that the quantity of heat, that can be distributed, is determined by the thickness of the titanium layer. Despite the lower synthesis temperature, it is shown that this technique allows for high growth rates as well as better quality nanotubes.</p

Deployment of titanium thermal barrier for low-temperature carbon nanotube growth

deployment of titanium thermal barrier for low-temperature carbon nanotube growth

vapor synthesized nanotubes grown deployment titanium elevate assisted growth. lowering hydrocarbon deposition plasma. nanotubes synthesized deviates usual catalyst film. thermodynamic quantity titanium layer. nanotubes.

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11303471

10.1091/mbc.E10-03-0182

Regulation of cell growth requires extensive coordination of several processes including transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation, nutrient metabolism, and autophagy. In yeast, the protein kinases Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and protein kinase A (PKA) regulate these processes and are thereby the main activators of cell growth in response to nutrients. How TOR, PKA, and their corresponding signaling pathways are coordinated to control the same cellular processes is not understood. Quantitative analysis of the rapamycin-sensitive phosphoproteome combined with targeted analysis of PKA substrates suggests that TOR complex 1 (TORC1) activates PKA but only toward a subset of substrates. Furthermore, we show that TORC1 signaling impinges on BCY1, the negative regulatory subunit of PKA. Inhibition of TORC1 with rapamycin leads to BCY1 phosphorylation on several sites including T129. Phosphorylation of BCY1 T129 results in BCY1 activation and inhibition of PKA. TORC1 inhibits BCY1 T129 phosphorylation by phosphorylating and activating the S6K homolog SCH9 that in turn inhibits the MAP kinase MPK1. MPK1 phosphorylates BCY1 T129 directly. Thus, TORC1 activates PKA toward some substrates by preventing MPK1-mediated activation of BCY1

The Rapamycin-sensitive Phosphoproteome Reveals That TOR Controls Protein Kinase A Toward Some But Not All Substrates

the rapamycin-sensitive phosphoproteome reveals that tor controls protein kinase a toward some but not all substrates

extensive coordination ribosome biogenesis translation nutrient metabolism autophagy. yeast kinases rapamycin regulate thereby activators nutrients. pathways coordinated understood. rapamycin phosphoproteome targeted substrates torc activates toward substrates. torc impinges regulatory subunit pka. torc rapamycin phosphorylation phosphorylation pka. torc inhibits phosphorylation phosphorylating activating homolog inhibits phosphorylates directly. torc activates toward substrates preventing

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11311697

10.1016/j.tws.2006.08.014

The present work presents both numerically and experimentally the quasi-static lateral compression of nested systems with vertical and inclined side constraints. The force-deflection response of mild steel short tubes compressed using two types of indenter’s is examined. The variation in response due to these indenters and external constraints are illustrated and how these can contribute to an increase the energy absorbing capacity of such systems. The implicit version of the Finite Element code via ANSYS is used to simulate these nested systems and comparison of results is made with those obtained in experiments and were found to be in good agreement

Analysis of nested tube type energy absorbers with different indenters and exterior constraints

analysis of nested tube type energy absorbers with different indenters and exterior constraints

presents numerically experimentally quasi lateral compression nested inclined constraints. deflection mild steel tubes compressed indenter’s examined. indenters illustrated absorbing systems. implicit ansys simulate nested

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11699389

10.1007/s11948-007-9044-3

As bibliographical classification of published journal items affects the denominator in this equation, we investigated how the numerator and denominator of the impact factor (IF) equation were generated for representative journals in two categories of the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). We performed a full text search of the 1st-ranked journal in 2004 JCR category "Medicine, General and Internal" (New England Journal of Medicine, NEJM, IF = 38.570) and 61st-ranked journal (Croatian Medical Journal, CMJ, IF = 0.690), 1st-ranked journal in category "Multidisciplinary Sciences" (Nature, IF = 32.182) and journal with a relative rank of CMJ (Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, AABC, IF = 0.435). Large journals published more items categorized by Web of Science (WoS) as non-research items (editorial material, letters, news, book reviews, bibliographical items, or corrections): 63% out of total 5,193 items in Nature and 81% out of 3,540 items in NEJM, compared with 31% out of 283 items in CMJ and only 2 (2%) out of 126 items in AABC. Some items classified by WoS as non-original contained original research data (9.5% in Nature, 7.2% in NEJM, 13.7% in CMJ and none in AABC). These items received a significant number of citations: 6.9% of total citations in Nature, 14.7% in NEJM and 18.5% in CMJ. IF decreased for all journals when only items presenting original research and citations to them were used for IF calculation. Regardless of the journal's size or discipline, publication of non-original research and its classification by the bibliographical database have an effect on both numerator and denominator of the IF equation

Calculating impact factor: how bibliographical classification of journal items affects the impact factor of large and small journals

calculating impact factor: how bibliographical classification of journal items affects the impact factor of large and small journals

bibliographical items affects denominator numerator denominator journals categories citation ranked england nejm ranked croatian ranked multidisciplinary anais academia brasileira ciencias aabc journals items categorized items editorial news book reviews bibliographical items items items nejm items items aabc. items classified nejm none aabc items citations citations nejm cmj. journals items presenting citations calculation. regardless discipline publication bibliographical numerator denominator

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