pico-lm/pretokenized-paloma · Datasets at Hugging Face

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obtain a therapeutic use exemption. Interestingly, nearly 10% of Major League Baseball players have obtained such an exemption. The drug is banned completely in the National Hockey League (NHL). Competitive Advantage? When used to treat ADHD, particularly as part of an comprehensive treatment plan that includes psychological, educational, and social measures, Adderall can be effective in reducing the inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms that are characteristic of the disorder. In individuals without ADHD, the effects of Adderall are not characterized as completely. Nonetheless, there is reportedly increasing use of Adderall in this situation, particularly among college students and various athlete groups. In the college setting, students take stimulants like Adderall to increase their attentiveness and reduce their fatigue, especially in situations such as studying for exams or completing end-of-term projects. There is also ample reason to believe that stimulants such as Adderall might provide a competitive advantage for athletes. From my vantage point, this issue doesn’t seem to be very well studied (in large part because of the bans), but there is at least some evidence to show that these drugs can produce increases in both strength and endurance, better concentration, and improve reaction time, especially when fatigued. For Adderall, like any prescription drug, information about the known risks can be found in the drug’s package insert. Let me quote the entire black box warning: Amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Administration of amphetamines for prolonged periods of time may lead to drug dependence and must be avoided. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of subjects obtaining amphetamines for non-therapeutic use or distribution to others, and the drugs should be prescribed or dispensed sparingly. Misuse of amphetamine may cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse events. A variety of side effects are mentioned in the package insert, including emergence of new psychotic or manic symptoms, aggression, long-term suppression of growth, seizures, and visual disturbances. Mention is also made that the effects of long-term usage are not well studied and that the usefulness of the drug for any particular patient should be carefully assessed periodically. The package insert goes on to discuss cardiovascular warnings. In children and adolescents, sudden death has been reported in patients treated with Adderall who also have heart problems like structural heart abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, or heart rhythm abnormalities. Patients with any of these heart problems are advised NOT to take Adderall. In adults, sudden death, stroke, and heart attack have all been reported in patients taking Adderall at typical prescription dosages. It is recommended that patients with structural heart abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or coronary artery disease should NOT take Adderall. For any patient with high blood pressure, special precaution is advised when prescribing Adderall. Because Adderall is known to increase both the heart rate and blood pressure, special caution and careful follow-up is recommended. Recommendations are offered for the cardiac evaluation of patients who are being considered for treatment with Adderall. Attention should be devoted to a careful medical history, family history (with particular attention to sudden death, ventricular arrhythmias), and physical exam that focuses on heart and vascular health. Additional investigation with EKG and echocardiogram may be indicated depending on the findings. Finally, patients treated with Adderall who develop any serious warning signs of heart disease (eg, exertional chest pain/discomfort, syncope or blacking out) should be re-evaluated. In summary, Adderall is a stimulant that is effective for the treatment of patients with ADHD. Although prescription use of the drug is tightly controlled, there is ample prescription mis-use of the drug among individuals without ADHD or other medical reason for its use. For athletes, the drug is performance-enhancing and is banned by many sports organizations. Whatever its use, Adderall carries a small but real risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, especially among users with underlying heart conditions, whether known or unknown. Athletes and their doctors should be aware of these risks and consider cardiovascular screening and careful cardiovascular follow-up when this drug is used. 1. Heart Medications, WADA, and the Athlete Filed Under: Medications & the athlete Tagged With: athlete, doping, drug, heart, medication, performance enhancing drug, prescription, side effect, stimulant Anabolic Steroids and the Heart June 12, 2013 By Larry Creswell, MD 8 Comments I had a chance earlier today to visit with the production crew from Mississippi Public Broadcasting. They’re working on an upcoming television program on body building and were looking for information about the cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids. Also today, I came across a new study published this week (online, ahead of print) in the medical journal, JAMA Internal Medicine, that reported on a 40% increase in testosterone replacement therapy in middle-aged men during the time period from 2001-2011. The authors noted that testosterone replacement therapy was often prescribed without an established diagnosis of low testosterone levels (hypogonadism). So….with steroids on my mind, I thought I’d share some information about these drugs, particularly as they relate to athletes. What are Anabolic Steroids? The history of anabolic steroids dates to the mid-1930s when the chemical structure of the male sex hormone testosterone was elucidated. Soon afterward, chemical synthesis of testosterone was possible in the laboratory. The group of medications that we call anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone. These medications have a variety of arcane names including: nandrolone, methandienone, stanozolol, androsterone, and androstane, among others. The anabolic steroids have 2 major groups of effects: androgenic effects and anabolic effects. The various available steroids differ from one another in the relative potency of these 2 sets of effects. Each manufacturer’s drug might then be targeted toward a specific use that focuses to a greater extent on one or the other of these sets of effects. Clinically, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of anabolic steroids for: hypogonadism (eg, low testosterone level); generalized wasting in conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or cancer; hypoplastic anemias that accompany bone marrow failure or renal failure; growth stimulation in children with growth failure; male contraception; induction of male puberty; and gender identity disorder. These medications can be delivered orally, intravenously, by intramuscular injection, or by transdermal patch. The anabolic steroids should not be confused with the corticosteroids that are much more commonly used in clinical practice. In 1990 the anabolic steroids were added to Schedule 3 of the Controlled Substance Act, making it a federal crime to possess these drugs in the United States without a prescription. For context, other drugs in Schedule 3 include the barbiturates, LSD precursors, ketamine, and some narcotic analgesics. The laws regarding the prescription and possesion of anabolic steroids vary from country to country. Anabolic Steroids and Sports The anabolic steroids have been used for decades by athletes of many different sports to gain competitive advantage. Used for this purpose, these drugs are often taken at many times the conventional prescription dosage. At these dosages, the anabolic steroids lead to an increase in muscle mass and likely potentiate the effects of exercise on gaining additional muscle mass and strength. The first reliable tests for the detection of steroids (or their metabolites) became available in 1974 and anabolic steroids were added to the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) banned substance list in 1976 and have been on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned substance list since its inception in 1999. As such, these drugs are banned by the entire Olympic movement and by all sports organizations that adhere to the WADA code. In addition, these drugs are prohibited by the majority of professional sports organizations in the United States, including the National Football League, National Hockey League, National Basketball Association, and Major League Baseball. How Many People are Using Anabolic Steroids? The number of Americans currently using anabolic steroids is unknown, but some estimates have placed that number at more than 3 million. In surveys of steroid usage among body-building or power athletes, rates of up to nearly 70% have been reported, with considerably greater usage among male athletes. What are the General Side Effects? Many unwanted side effects have been attributed to anabolic steroids. Some are drug-specific and dose-dependent. The list of adverse effects of anabolic steroids includes: in men, enlargement of the breasts (gynecomastia), suppression of naturally-produced testosterone, decreased sperm production, and testicular atrophy; in women, increases in body hair, decreases in menstrual cycles, and lowering of the voice; development or worsening of acne; and alterations in the mood, with increased aggression. In order to avoid the unwanted side effects of gynecomastia and weight retention, men who use steroids sometimes also take drugs (eg, Arimidex) that limit conversion of the steroids to estrogen. What are the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects? Our understanding of the cardiovascular effects of the anabolic steroids comes from a relatively small set of observations made in athletes taking these medications and from a small number of animal studies. Retrospective human studies in this area suffer from important methodologic problems such as: incomplete or inaccurate reporting on drug dosages by athletes; confounding influences of other supplements or medications that athletes may be taking; and the cardiovascular effects of an athlete’s training routine that may mimic some of the effects of steroids. Some, but certainly not all studies, have shown an increase in blood pressure attributed to anabolic steroids. This issue has been difficult to study in power athletes because of the myriad of	redpajama	[ 4044, 247, 9282, 897, 25744, 15, 14522, 13, 4829, 884, 6, 273, 11432, 6884, 27141, 3773, 452, 2797, 824, 271, 25744, 15, 380, 2854, 310, 20374, 4336, 275, 253, 3313, 31328, 6884, 313, 47, 11040, 481, 187, 5065, 19922, 2006, 3179, 486, 32, 187, 3039, 908, 281, 1555, 32772, 13, 3782, 347, 629, 273, 271, 11088, 1971, 2098, 326, 3797, 12264, 13, 11331, 13, 285, 2675, 5593, 13, 2006, 491, 455, 476, 320, 3576, 275, 8493, 253, 275, 1595, 290, 422, 390, 4373, 4507, 14, 11548, 22480, 5917, 326, 403, 8847, 273, 253, 8984, 15, 187, 688, 4292, 1293, 32772, 13, 253, 2538, 273, 2006, 491, 455, 403, 417, 7943, 347, 4336, 15, 24883, 13, 627, 310, 17324, 3629, 897, 273, 2006, 491, 455, 275, 436, 4112, 13, 3782, 2190, 6831, 3484, 285, 2710, 27799, 2390, 15, 496, 253, 6831, 4758, 13, 3484, 1379, 7328, 1103, 751, 2006, 491, 455, 281, 2572, 616, 33056, 6460, 285, 4796, 616, 18693, 13, 3340, 275, 9534, 824, 347, 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factors that influence the blood pressure, including weight-lifting itself. There are certainly anecdotes of finding cases of severe hypertension in athletes who have no other obvious cause than steroids. The amount of blood pressure elevation associated with long-term use of steroids appears to be mild to moderate and the effect may subside if the steroids are stopped. The majority of studies show that anabolic steroids have an unfavorable effect on the serum lipid profile. These medications can lead to a 20% increase in the unhealthy, “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and also a 20% decrease in the healthy, “good” cholesterol (HDL). The exact mechanism for these changes has not been established. These changes are thought to develop within weeks of starting steroids and can linger for months after these medications are stopped, despite a relatively short pharmacologic half-life measured in days. Some studies have suggested that the oral route of administration may be worse in this regard than the injectable route. These unfavorable changes in the serum lipid profile are noteworthy because there is considerable evidence that high LDL and low HDL levels are associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease, heart attack, and stroke. Athletes who use anabolic steroids are often found to have thickening of the muscular walls of the left ventricle that we call left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The degree of hypertrophy can range from mild to severe. But to date, there has not been a long-term, carefully controlled, prospective study to help sort out the precise effects of steroids. The data regarding which portions of the left ventricle become hypertrophied have been inconsistent, but it appears that the resulting LVH may not be uniform throughout the chamber. It’s important to remember, though, that power exercise alone can produce LVH and that elevated blood pressure alone can produce LVH, and both of these influences will be in play in power athletes. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) may occur in athletes who are taking anabolic steroids. This appears to be a rare event. In the absence of any other explanation, it might be easy to ascribe such deaths in otherwise healthy athletes to the steroids. But we can only speculate now about the mechanism by which steroid use might predispose the athlete to SCD. Nonetheless, there have certainly been athletes with SCD where autopsy findings have shown severe LVH or cardiac fibrosis (which might predispose to arrhythmias) where no potential cause except the steroids was obvious. Acute myocardial infarction (MI), or “heart attack” may occur in young athletes who are taking anabolic steroids, often without any prior indication of heart disease. The cause-and-effect relationship between steroids and MI is not completely understood, but we know from animal studies that the steroids may increase platelet aggregation–a step that occurs clinically during sudden blockage of one of the coronary arteries during acute MI. We also know from animal studies that the steroids may increase oxygen demand of the cardiac muscle, potentially leading to a mismatch in blood/oxygen supply and demand during exercise. This may also play a role. The precise epidemiologic link between steroid use and mortality is yet to be established. Small studies have shown that among users of anabolic steroids, the cause of death, perhaps not surprisingly, is cardiac in up to two thirds. One interesting recent study from Sweden identified users of anabolic steroids by blood tests (toxicology screen) that were administered during evaluations for some other medical problem. The investigators found that, over a several-year period, the mortality rate for users was 2-5 times that for non-users. The study was not controlled, though for many other, potentially important, factors that influence mortality. Some Thoughts To reiterate, our current understanding of the adverse cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids is based on rather limited information gathered from a small number of research studies. The available reports, though, certainly give a glimpse of unwanted cardiovascular effects that may occur, even if the causal mechanisms are not yet understood. Going forward, we are unlikely to have large-scale prospective studies to gather more information and additional retrospective studies are likely to have the methodologic pitfalls I mentioned above. Given our current understanding, athletes who choose to use anabolic steroids should be aware of the possibilities of high blood pressure, unfavorable lipid profile, structural changes in the heart, and even heart attack or SCD. Filed Under: Medications & the athlete Tagged With: athlete, doping, medication, performance enhancing drug, side effect, USADA, WADA In the News: Athletes and Vitamins In the past few weeks, 3 scientific articles about vitamins caught my eye. Two articles published in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported on findings from the Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Control trial of multivitamins–in the areas of cancer prevention and cardiovascular disease prevention. The third article reported on a survey of Canadian high-performance athletes and their dietary supplement practices. Multivitamins and Cancer Prevention [1] Multivitamins are the most common dietary supplement in the United States, used by as many as 30% of Americans. Data regarding their efficacy in preventing various forms of chronic disease have often been conflicting. As a result, in 2006 a National Institutes of Health consensus conference could offer no specific recommendation regarding the use of multivitamins to prevent chronic disease. The Physicians’ Health Study II is an investigation that involved 14,641 American male physician subjects (mean age, ~64 years) who were randomized to receive either a daily multivitamin or a placebo tablet. Enrollment began in 1999 and follow-up continued for a mean of 11.2 years. At 4 years, the compliance rate (the percentage of subjects still taking the multivitamin or placebo) was approximately 70% and this declined further to approximately 67% by the end of the study period. Compared with placebo, the subjects taking a daily multivitamin had signficantly fewer total cancers develop during the study period (17.0 vs. 18.3 cancers per 1000 person-years). It appears that multivitamin use did not affect the incidence of new prostate or colon cancers. And despite the findings regarding total cancers, there was no difference in cancer mortality between the 2 groups. The investigators concluded that daily multivitamin use produced a small but meaningful reduction in cancer incidence. Whether the findings can be generalized to a broader population (including women and younger individuals) is not certain. Multivitamins and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention [2] Also from the Physicians’ Health Study II, but reported separately and more recently, the investigators studied several cardiovascular endpoints, including: composite end point of major cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI] plus nonfatal stroke plus cardiovascular death) and separate end points of MI or stroke, alone. The study design was the same as noted above for the multivitamin study. It turns out that multivitamin use was not associated with a discernible reduction in any of the end points studied. Essentially, a negative study. Again, whether the findings might be generalizable to a broader population is not certain. Athlete Supplement Survey [3] In a 2012 report in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, a group of investigators from Calgary reported on a survey that was administered to 440 elite athletes (mean age, ~20 years) from a variety of sports who were affiliated with that country’s 8 Canadian Sport Centres. The top 10 sports represented included “athletics,” but did not include triathlon or cycling. The represented sports included endurance as well as power sports. The survey results noted that 87% of athletes had taken at least 3 supplements during the preceding 6 months. The most common supplements were: sports drinks, in 24%; multivitamin and minerals, in 16%; and carbohydrate sports bar, in 11%. Interestingly, among athletes training 21-25 hours per week, multivitamin use was reported by 63% of athletes and the usage was 59% in those training >25 hours per week. Athletes reported a variety of sources for their information about supplements, including: family and friends, in 20%; strength trainer, in 14%; and teammates in 11%. Physicians were reported as an information source by only 4% of respondents. For athletes, there may well be a need for vitamin supplementation and a daily multivitamin is probably the easiest and safest way. The scientific literature regarding mega-dose supplementation with various individual vitamins as well as the relationship between vitamin supplementation and performance remains murky at best. I’m not certain the Physicians’ Health Study is particularly applicable to young, healthy athletes, but it appears there might be a small benefit in terms of cancer prevention but no benefit in terms of prevention of cardiovascular disease. Given the complexities of cancer and cardiovascular disease, many authorities would say the findings aren’t surprising. The Canadian athlete survey is interesting because I’ve seen very little simple reporting on dietary supplementation practices among athletes. It would be fascinating to see such information about age-group participants in running, cycling, swimming, and triathlon. What’s clear from the Canadian study is that athletes’ information about supplementation may not come from the most authoritative sources and the medical and sports physiology communities could probably do a better job with their educational roles. 1. Gaziano JM et al. Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;308:1871-1880. 2. Sesso HD et al. Multivitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;308:1751-1760. 3. Lun V et al. Dietary supplementation practices in Canadian high-performance athletes. International J Sport Nutrition Exercise Metabol 2012;22:31-37. 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: athlete, dietary supplement, nutrition, vitamin A Primer on EPO December 28, 2012 By Larry Creswell, MD 2 Comments Lance Armstrong was certainly in the news this year, with the ongoing–and seemingly endless–saga of the USADA investigation into the use of performance enhancing drugs (PED) in professional cycling. I’ve gotten several inquiries about erythropoeitin (EPO) and thought that I’d write a short piece about the agent, its effects on the heart and vascular system, its use as a PED, and a little about the detection of its use. The Hormone The first thing to understand is that erythropoetin is a naturally occurring glycoprotein hormone. The existence of this hormone was theorized as early as the 1950’s and the hormone was given the name erythropoeitin, but its isolation proved to be very difficult. The human body produces more than a half ton of blood in a lifetime, but only enough EPO to make a tiny pill. Early efforts sought to isolate the hormone from patients who were thought to have increased levels of EPO–those with anemia of various sorts. It was the serendipitous observation that excess erythropoeitin was excreted in the urine that eventually led to the isolation of the hormone. In 1977, Eugene Goldwasser from the University of Chicago isolated 8 mg of erythropoeitin from the dried concentrate of 2,550 liters of urine colleted from a group of aplastic anemia patients in Japan. We know today that EPO is produced primarily in the kidney, and less so in the liver, and acts to stimulate production of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow. It helps with this discussion to have an understanding about blood itself. We often take for granted this liquid that courses through the body’s arteries and veins. There is a cellular component to blood–cells that we typically call red or white. The RBCs far outnumber the white blood cells (WBCs), and it is the RBCs that are important for today’s discussion. The non-cellular component of blood is the plasma, made up predominantly of water, but containing a large variety of proteins, minerals, and other substances. The body produces RBCs in a process known as erythropoeisis. In adults, new RBCs are produced primarily in the bone marrow of the sternum (breast bone), vertebral column, and pelvic bones in a process that takes about a week. Immature RBCs are called reticulocytes and comprise about 1% of the total population of RBCs. RBCs have a lifespan of about 4 months and are then destroyed in the spleen or liver. The typical adult has about 20-30 trillion or so RBCs. One measure of the amount of RBC’s in the blood is called the hematocrit. If we take a small tube of blood, centrifuge it for a period, we’d be left with cells (mostly RBC’s because they outnumber the other cells, by far) in the bottom of the tube and plasma at the top of the tube. The ratio of cells to plasma, expressed as a percentage, is the hematocrit. At my hospital’s laboratory, the normal range for the hematocrit is 36.2% – 46.3% for adult men and 32.9% – 41.2% for adult women. The RBCs contain the iron-containing protein, hemoglobin, that allows the red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body’s tissues. Nearly 99% of the blood’s oxygen is bound to the hemoglobin molecules; only about 1% is actually dissolved in the blood’s plasma. In medical school, we learned that the RBCs with hemoglobin are the “box cars” of the train that delivers oxygen to the body’s tissues. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood can be measured. At my hospital’s laboratory, the normal range is 11.9 – 15.4 g/dL for adult men and 10.6 – 13.5 g/dL for adult women. There is a feedback mechanism in which low blood oxygen levels stimulate production of Epo by the kidney, which in turn stimulates production of RBCs in the bone marrow. The Drug The protein structure of EPO was worked out in the early 1980’s and the agent was commercially available by 1985. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved epoeitin alpha in June, 1989. Today, the agent is a made by genetic engineering techniques and produced in bacteria. The first commercially available product was Epogen, manufactured by Amgen Pharmaceuticals, but there are now several other formulations that are available. One common brand of epoeitin alpha is Procrit, manufactured by Janssen Pharmaceuticals. I’ll summarize the information provided by Janssen about their drug in their product insert, but the information will be similar for all of the formulations of epoeitin alpha. Procrit is used for the treatment of anema due to: chronic kidney disease; the use of Zidovudine in patients with HIV infection; and the use of chemotherapy agents in patients with cancer. It is also indicated for reduction of RBC transfusion in patients undergoing elective, noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. The drug is an injectable agent that can be administered intravenously or by subcutaneous (beneath the skin) injection. The appropriate dosage depends upon the reason for its use. Procrit produces an increase in the reticulocyte count within 10 days and an increase in the hematocrit and hemoglobin over a 2- to 6-week period. The rate of increase in each of these measured outcomes depends upon the dosage administered. The use of agents like Procrit must be monitored carefully because there are potentially serious side effects or unwanted consequences, including myocardial infarction (“heart attack”), stroke, venous thromboembolism, thrombosis (clotting) of vascular access, tumor progression or recurrence, and even death. Indeed, the over-use of EPO would be implicated as a possible link to the deaths of 18 Dutch and Belgian cyclists from 1987 to 1990. EPO as a Performance Enhancing Drug Dating back to at least the 1960’s athletes were aware of the potentially performance-enhancing effects of blood doping. You may recall that the 1968 Summer Olympic Games were held in Mexico City, at an elevation of 7,350 feet. It was recognized at those Games that athletes from higher altitudes performed well in the endurance events, presumably because of chronic adaptations to altitude that included an increased red blood cell mass. There are many descriptions of athletes using autologous transfusion (of their own banked blood) to enhance athletic performance in the subsequent couple decades. It wasn’t until after the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles that blood doping was banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). But as I mentioned above, it was in the mid-1980’s that EPO became available and this would become a new avenue for increasing athletic performance. The physiologic aspects of blood doping are worth considering for a moment, even in a simplistic fashion. In the endurance sports, athletes are limited by the amount of oxygen that can be delivered and used by the body’s skeletal muscles. We might say that the aerobic capacity is related to the cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped per minute), the hemoglobin mass (the amount of hemoglobin in that blood), and the rate of oxygen extraction in the muscles. In the trained athlete, the hemoglobin mass might be the most easily influenced variable–one that is increased by blood doping or by the use of EPO. In a previous blog post, I talked about the common heart-related medications that are included in the World Anti-Doping Agency’s Prohibited List. In addition to banning blood doping–the transfusion or administration of blood, blood products, or blood substitutes–the Prohibited List in section S2.1 specifically bans erythropoeisis-stimulating agents such as EPO. All similar agents, as well as genetic methods related to erythropoeisis, are banned as well. Detection of EPO When Epo was first available, there was no method for detecting this PED in athletes. As an indirect method, professional cycling first conducted pre-race tests of the hematocrit, banning male athletes with a hematocrit >50% and female athletes with a hematocrit >47%. Keep in mind that in a retrospective study of blood donors in Denmark, 3.9% of non-athletes and 10.4% of elite rowers were found to have a hematocrit >51%. So measurement of the hematocrit alone is not a realistic way to identify use of EPO as a PED. In 2000, the French national anti-doping laboratory developed a urine test that could identify the difference between an athlete’s naturally-occurring endogenous EPO and synthetic EPO taken as a PED. This test took advantage of the the fact that each EPO type is actually a family of substances, each with the same protein structure but differing glycosylation, producing molecules of differing electric charge which were separable by the technique of electrophoresis. This test was first used at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic Games, where 3 athletes (who had won 8 medals) were disqualified because of the detection of synthetic EPO in the urine. In 2009, WADA has begun the use of a “biological passport” program to further enhance its ability to identify athletes who have used blood doping or the use of EPO. With this program, longitudinal profiles (over time) are kept of an athlete’s blood-related parameters: hematocrit, hemoglobin, additional RBC parameters, the reticulocyte count, and serum EPO level. At its simplest, the measurements of serum EPO and reticulocyte count INCREASE after administration of synthetic EPO;	redpajama	[ 27, 27799, 13, 15048, 8499, 13, 12461, 13, 14590, 187, 34, 48400, 327, 444, 5964, 187, 22784, 3349, 13, 4050, 2896, 20681, 48493, 4714, 13, 10399, 374, 28623, 187, 45, 593, 29915, 369, 5604, 275, 253, 3668, 436, 807, 13, 342, 253, 10800, 1253, 395, 16907, 19461, 1253, 84, 12727, 273, 253, 1982, 40851, 5839, 715, 253, 897, 273, 3045, 22474, 5835, 313, 48389, 10, 275, 5702, 21834, 15, 309, 457, 306, 12759, 2067, 34989, 670, 21564, 1658, 3703, 27609, 313, 38, 5964, 10, 285, 1869, 326, 309, 457, 69, 3630, 247, 2159, 5313, 670, 253, 5570, 13, 697, 2538, 327, 253, 2798, 285, 11172, 985, 13, 697, 897, 347, 247, 367, 1703, 13, 285, 247, 1652, 670, 253, 5481, 273, 697, 897, 15, 187, 510, 388, 526, 531, 187, 510, 806, 2181, 281, 2096, 310, 326, 21564, 1658, 80, 36995, 310, 247, 10748, 12952, 44377, 14689, 15, 380, 6242, 273, 436, 14689, 369, 29075, 1025, 347, 2393, 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281, 4271, 897, 273, 444, 5964, 347, 247, 367, 1703, 15, 187, 688, 5307, 13, 253, 5112, 3872, 3270, 14, 69, 18225, 9965, 3715, 247, 16327, 1071, 326, 812, 4271, 253, 3064, 875, 271, 27799, 457, 84, 10748, 14, 30714, 804, 17774, 444, 5964, 285, 13506, 444, 5964, 2668, 347, 247, 367, 1703, 15, 831, 1071, 2335, 5750, 273, 253, 253, 958, 326, 1016, 444, 5964, 1511, 310, 2686, 247, 2021, 273, 15991, 13, 1016, 342, 253, 1072, 2601, 2605, 533, 26704, 26988, 16499, 13, 9603, 8094, 273, 26704, 5637, 4179, 534, 497, 39690, 407, 253, 5853, 273, 27273, 15, 187, 1552, 1071, 369, 806, 908, 387, 253, 6752, 23790, 9396, 3228, 19898, 12568, 13, 835, 495, 17812, 313, 10002, 574, 1912, 854, 40615, 10, 497, 557, 28758, 984, 273, 253, 5481, 273, 13506, 444, 5964, 275, 253, 16327, 15, 187, 688, 4748, 13, 411, 40851, 556, 13207, 253, 897, 273, 247, 773, 4193, 1975, 31195, 668, 2086, 281, 2007, 7278, 697, 3745, 281, 4271, 17812, 665, 452, 908, 2614, 34233, 390, 253, 897, 273, 444, 5964, 15, 2726, 436, 2086, 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these same measurements DECREASE after RBC transfusion or stopping the use of synthetic EPO. Unexplained changes in the parameters over time, particularly when linked temporally to competitions, can then be the evidence of doping. Filed Under: Medications & the athlete Tagged With: athlete, medication, performance enhancing drug, USADA, WADA<\|endoftext\|>3024 Hainan eller 1981 UW9 är en asteroid i huvudbältet som upptäcktes den 23 oktober 1981 av Zijinshan-observatoriet i Nanjing, Kina. Den är uppkallad efter den kinesiska provinsen Hainan. Asteroiden har en diameter på ungefär 37 kilometer. Referenser Huvudbältesasteroider Småplaneter namngivna efter platser Astronomiska upptäckter av Purple Mountain-observatoriet Astronomiska upptäckter 1981 Hainan<\|endoftext\|>10 Best Things to Do in Scarborough What is Scarborough Most Famous For? Scarborough is one of England’s most famous seaside resort towns. It has that classic historical charm such places are known for, personified by donkey rides, amusement arcades, fish and chips and sticks of rock. Add in some of the country’s nicer beaches at the bottom of sheers cliffs and you have Scarborough in a nutshell. The town on the Yorkshire coast almost feels like it's trapped in the Victorian era. The Grand Hotel dominates the cliff-tops while the Scarborough Spa continues to draw visitors from around the country. A lot of the town’s architecture has that distinctive flamboyant style and the atmosphere is genially olde-worlde. Despite its historical feel, it remains a fun and friendly place to enjoy the English summertime. What are the best things to do in Scarborough? Start your day on South Bay Beach Go for a paddle in the North Sea The South Bay Beach is iconic in Scarborough, thanks to its soft sand, amusement arcades, donkey rides and the imposing Grand Hotel looking down from the cliff tops. You can still ride the historical cliff lifts down to the beach from the hotel, like a Victorian-era holidaymaker. On a sunny summer day, South Beach can be as busy and fun as any Mediterranean beach, though the North Sea is a lot less inviting. It’s generally okay to dip your toes in, but very few people go beyond knee depth. On the other side of the headland, North Bay Beach has a Blue Flag award for cleanliness and is also busy on nice days, but has fewer nearby attractions. So if you're looking for a more tranquil stay, check out the hotels in the North Bay area. Parasta täällä: Must-See: Scarborough SEA LIFE Sanctuary Visit the seal hospital and help serve breakfast The Scarborough SEA LIFE Sanctuary contains 12 themed zones, each home to a different environment and different sea creatures. Highlights include the blacktip reef sharks, peacock mantis shrimp, and giant Japanese spider crabs. The shark tank, with its shipwreck and ocean tunnel, is especially fun. The most remarkable part of the sanctuary is the seal hospital, which cares for over 30 injured seal pups every year. If you make a special booking, you can help with feeding the resident seals their breakfast. Sijainti: Scalby Mills Road, Scarborough YO12 6RP, UK Aukioloajat: Daily from 10am to 5pm Puhelinnumero: +44 (0)1723 373414 Valokuva: Mike Peel (CC BY-SA 4.0) muokattu Shop at Scarborough Market Hall & Vaults Enjoy local produce in an interesting historical market The Scarborough Market Hall & Vaults is a heavily renovated historical building, and home to a modern market with a traditional feel. In the main hall, you’ll find local produce as well as stalls selling unique jewellery, gifts, clothes and art, among other things. The Vaults are underneath the hall, and contain even more shops, with a focus on antiques and handicrafts. Aside from just shopping, the market and its hall is something of a cultural space in Scarborough, with a programme of special events. There’s also a very good food court overlooking the hall. Sijainti: St. Helen’s Square, Scarborough YO11 1EU, UK Aukioloajat: Monday – Saturday from 9am to 5pm (closed on Sundays) Shoppailijat Visit Jurassic Scarborough at Rotunda Museum Explore one of the world’s first purpose-built museums The Rotunda Museum’s exhibition covers the extremely ancient history of the area. Highlights of the collection include dinosaur fossils, Stone Age tools and a Bronze Age coffin. These fascinating items are set out in an equally fascinating and historical building. Among the world’s first purpose-built museums, the old circular building and its trick-eye ceiling are as interesting to see as the exhibits. The outside of the Rotunda Museum is quite iconic and is next to the iconic Grand Hotel and the Spa Bridge – a historical footbridge over the valley containing some lovely parkland, as well as the Scarborough Art Gallery. It’s quite the cultural hotspot. Sijainti: Vernon Road, Scarborough YO11 2PS, UK Aukioloajat: Tuesday – Sunday from 10am to 5pm (closed on Mondays) Eat fish & chips at Scarborough Harbour Don’t forget to add salt and vinegar! The historical harbour has been at the heart of Scarborough for centuries. The fishermen still bring in their fresh catches every day, so it’s no surprise that the harbour is also a hub of excellent seafood restaurants. Naturally, the dish of choice is the traditional fish and chips, available from great places like Winking Willy’s, First Catch, and Harbour View Café. As the name suggests, Harbour View offers great scenery across the sheltered moorings, towards the old lighthouse. Waking up to these views is also possible from your own hotel room, browse the options in the area here. A classic serving of English fish & chips is often enjoyed as a takeaway, wrapped in paper and eaten with a wooden fork. Adding plenty of vinegar softens up the crispy batter around the flaky cod or haddock, as well as giving the meal a distinctive tang. Must-See: Scarborough Castle Enjoy fantastic views over the town from the battle-damaged parapet The 12th-century Scarborough Castle overlooks the town from the rocky headland between the North and South Bays. It has endured five sieges, but was left in its current ruined state by the English Civil War. Even so, it continues to attract a lot of visitors (fortunately, not so many of them are soldiers these days). Take a walk along the battlements for fantastic views across Scarborough. While you’re there, check out the beautiful old St Mary’s Church. Look around the graveyard for the final resting place of Anne Brontë – the youngest of the famous Brontë literary sisters. Sijainti: Castle Road, Scarborough YO11 1HY, UK Explore Scarborough’s Old Town Buy a stick of seaside rock The narrow old streets behind the harbour and South Bay Beach are not only appealing for their charming historical look, but they’re also home to great selection of shops and cafés. You’ll find a few of the big high street brands like Marks and Spencer and New Look, but the majority of the shops are little local places with some weird and wonderful wares. There’s an especially good choice of sweet shops around Scarborough. Seaside sticks of rock – a boiled sugar sweet – are an English institution and you’ll be spoiled for choice in Scarborough. There are also quite a few amusement arcades and casinos. Watch a naval battle in Peasholm Park Visit the secret Peasholm Glen Peasholm Park is as much a place of excitement as it is quiet contemplation. At 3pm every Saturday, during the summer months (June to August), model warships set sail on the large lake near the beach to do battle, with aircraft and explosions adding to the tussle. When the miniature navies aren’t in action, you can rent a boat and go rowing around the large central island with a distinctive Japanese pagoda in the centre. If you want to stay on dry land, walk among the trees alongside Peasholm Beck to discover the beautiful secret garden at the opposite end of the park. Some of the trees along the way are exotic species, such American red oaks and Chusan palms. Sijainti: North Bay, Scarborough YO12 7TR, UK Epätavallinen Valokuva: dom fellowes (CC BY 2.0) muokattu Listen to the orchestra at Scarborough Spa Relive the town’s glorious heyday What makes this particular live music and events space interesting and worth visiting is its unique history and setting. Built in the Victorian era, right on the cliffs overlooking the South Bay Beach, the Spa has a wonderful historical look, but is fitted with modern facilities. 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music in the salty sea breeze, just as they did in town’s glory days. The setting, on the suncourt or in the Grand Hall, makes it quite a memorable performance. They only play during the summer months, so plan your trip accordingly and make sure to book your accommodation in advance. Browse the hotel options located near Scarborough Spa. Sijainti: South St, Scarborough YO11 2HD, UK End the day with a show at the Stephen Joseph Theatre Watch a classic play or a live-streamed concert Scarborough has quite a lively theatre scene, with several great venues around the small town. Among the best is the Stephen Joseph Theatre. It's easy to find, alongside the Scarborough Spa. They showcase a mix of classic and modern shows and, while you’re not especially likely to see any really famous actors on stage, the performances are top-notch. The theatre itself is quite compact, so you won’t be struggling to see or hear the plays. There’s a small art gallery and a good bar on-site, with a number of restaurants immediately around the modern venue. When the action isn’t live, the theatre will often show classic movies and even stream major events from around the world. Sijainti: Westborough, Scarborough YO11 1JW, UK Aukioloajat: Monday – Saturday from 10am to 8pm, Sundays only on performance days Ben Reeves \| Intohimoinen matkaaja 7 Best Family Things to Do in Scarborough 10 Best Things to Do in Harrogate 8 Best Family Things to Do in Harrogate 10 Best Things to Do in Sheffield Aiheeseen liittyviä juttuja 10 Ways to Experience the Great Outdoors in Yorkshire 7 Best Family Things to Do in Sheffield Cornwall (county) Dorset (county) St. Helier<\|endoftext\|>layout: post title: Needle Master --- I put the source of my Needle Master android game on GitHub for the first time today, so that other people can take a look and possibly use it or modify it themselves. ![Needle Master logo](https://github.com/cpaxton/needlemaster/raw/master/app/src/main/res/drawable-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png "Needle Master logo") The goals of Needle Master were to: * Have a variety of levels with repeated structure * Incorporate complex obstacles and hazards to avoid * Allow researchers to record gameplay for analysis and learning Take a look at the code [here](https://github.com/cpaxton/needlemaster) or download from the Google Play store [here](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.jhu.lcsr.needlemaster). <\|endoftext\|>Q: Can't display image in listview from database mysql I will display the image in listview android from mysql database using php, json but the image can't be displayed. link_image should show the location of the image to be but it does not display a valid location. Please help me. Thank you status.php <?php // array for JSON response $response = array(); // include file koneksi.php include_once("connect.php"); $query = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM status order by id_status desc"); if (mysql_num_rows($query) > 0) { $response["data_status"] = array(); while($baris = mysql_fetch_array ($query)) { $id_status=$baris['id_status']; $status=$baris['status']; $id1=$baris['id_user']; $id2=$baris['id_user_tujuan']; $tanggal=$baris['tgl']; $awalan = substr($id1, 0,2); $awalan2 = substr($id2, 0,2); switch($awalan) { case 'ad': $name=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($name)) { $nama2= $baris2['nama']; } break; case 'al': $name=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($name)) { $name2= $baris2['name']; $link_image=$baris2['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSD/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSD/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; case 'pd': $nama=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama)) { $nama2= $baris2['nama']; } break; case 'pl': $nama=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama)) { $nama2= $baris2['nama']; $link_image=$baris2['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMP/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMP/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; case'md': $nama=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama)) { $nama2= $baris2['nama']; } break; case'ml': $nama=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama)) { //$data_status["nama_alumni"] = stripslashes($baris2["nama"]); $nama2= $baris2['nama']; //$data_status["nama_alumni"] = $nama2; $link_image=$baris2['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMA/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMA/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; } switch($awalan2) { case 'ad': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; } break; case 'al': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { //$nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; //$data_status["nama_al	redpajama	[ 3440, 275, 253, 3779, 555, 6150, 29178, 13, 816, 347, 597, 858, 275, 3874, 457, 84, 18735, 1897, 15, 380, 4758, 13, 327, 253, 5101, 13550, 390, 275, 253, 8481, 6696, 13, 2789, 352, 3240, 247, 27795, 3045, 15, 1583, 760, 1132, 1309, 253, 5768, 2607, 13, 594, 2098, 634, 7408, 15672, 285, 1056, 2119, 281, 1984, 634, 23241, 275, 7170, 15, 19896, 339, 253, 8614, 4610, 4441, 2822, 26709, 24653, 45340, 15, 187, 52, 1944, 1143, 74, 27, 3684, 659, 13, 26709, 24653, 714, 48, 883, 374, 10536, 13, 5591, 187, 7689, 253, 1388, 342, 247, 921, 387, 253, 12167, 10092, 19670, 187, 20083, 247, 10610, 1132, 390, 247, 3153, 14, 4963, 264, 12699, 187, 4316, 274, 24653, 556, 3240, 247, 33073, 20021, 6200, 13, 342, 2067, 1270, 28966, 1475, 253, 1355, 3874, 15, 9658, 253, 1682, 310, 253, 12167, 10092, 19670, 15, 733, 434, 3477, 281, 1089, 13, 12936, 253, 26709, 24653, 45340, 15, 1583, 34647, 247, 5878, 273, 10610, 285, 4980, 2722, 285, 13, 1223, 368, 457, 250, 417, 3340, 2779, 281, 923, 667, 1663, 8530, 14142, 327, 3924, 13, 253, 16226, 403, 1755, 14, 1439, 348, 15, 187, 510, 20021, 3139, 310, 3240, 8566, 13, 594, 368, 1912, 457, 85, 320, 15586, 281, 923, 390, 4089, 253, 7120, 15, 1707, 457, 84, 247, 1355, 1445, 19718, 285, 247, 1175, 2534, 327, 14, 11264, 13, 342, 247, 1180, 273, 15114, 4745, 1475, 253, 4980, 18767, 15, 2091, 253, 2250, 3548, 457, 85, 3153, 13, 253, 20021, 588, 2223, 921, 10610, 11321, 285, 1014, 5542, 2201, 3394, 432, 1475, 253, 1533, 15, 187, 52, 1944, 1143, 74, 27, 4255, 24653, 13, 26709, 24653, 714, 48, 883, 337, 43, 56, 13, 5591, 187, 34, 2788, 10966, 80, 1432, 255, 27, 7216, 1108, 7814, 432, 884, 312, 281, 854, 2617, 13, 45999, 760, 327, 3045, 1897, 187, 17126, 1720, 23841, 1040, 40688, 13243, 80, 14899, 1111, 4530, 22779, 187, 24, 9567, 12079, 19348, 281, 3166, 275, 26709, 24653, 187, 740, 9567, 19348, 281, 3166, 275, 3972, 28442, 187, 25, 9567, 12079, 19348, 281, 3166, 275, 3972, 28442, 187, 740, 9567, 19348, 281, 3166, 275, 42894, 187, 34, 74, 248, 3248, 257, 632, 38491, 6584, 1392, 480, 13077, 86, 6362, 187, 740, 49039, 281, 26962, 253, 6495, 6282, 26695, 275, 34421, 187, 24, 9567, 12079, 19348, 281, 3166, 275, 42894, 187, 43755, 12081, 313, 68, 21597, 10, 187, 37, 641, 292, 313, 68, 21597, 10, 187, 998, 15, 7518, 1321, 50279, 7916, 27, 1501, 187, 5564, 27, 20389, 282, 10718, 187, 1532, 187, 187, 42, 1691, 253, 2603, 273, 619, 20389, 282, 10718, 4959, 2165, 327, 34644, 323, 253, 806, 673, 3063, 13, 594, 326, 643, 952, 476, 1379, 247, 1007, 285, 6830, 897, 352, 390, 10007, 352, 3746, 15, 187, 187, 3138, 32783, 282, 10718, 18479, 880, 3614, 1358, 7280, 15, 681, 16, 68, 4904, 28807, 16, 22990, 5616, 2237, 16, 2040, 16, 11717, 16, 1212, 16, 7614, 16, 7265, 16, 373, 16, 31607, 14, 5260, 13838, 2059, 16, 280, 64, 4123, 37733, 15, 8567, 346, 32783, 282, 10718, 18479, 2807, 187, 187, 510, 7342, 273, 20389, 282, 10718, 497, 281, 27, 535, 50276, 11, 12238, 247, 5235, 273, 2308, 342, 6015, 2605, 187, 50276, 11, 3690, 24993, 366, 2570, 24238, 285, 29952, 281, 3693, 187, 50276, 11, 32664, 8607, 281, 1924, 30355, 323, 1783, 285, 4715, 187, 187, 12864, 247, 1007, 387, 253, 2127, 544, 1568, 880, 3614, 1358, 7280, 15, 681, 16, 68, 4904, 28807, 16, 22990, 5616, 2237, 10, 390, 6184, 432, 253, 5559, 10223, 4657, 544, 1568, 880, 3614, 1358, 1993, 15, 9906, 15, 681, 16, 11869, 16, 28047, 16, 23454, 32, 301, 30, 13808, 15, 75, 11917, 15, 77, 6113, 83, 15, 22990, 5616, 2237, 481, 187, 50279, 50, 27, 2615, 626, 3148, 2460, 275, 1618, 1374, 432, 5447, 25327, 309, 588, 3148, 253, 2460, 275, 1618, 1374, 4959, 432, 25327, 5447, 970, 21293, 13, 14113, 533, 253, 2460, 476, 626, 320, 8653, 15, 3048, 64, 5695, 943, 921, 253, 4328, 273, 253, 2460, 281, 320, 533, 352, 1057, 417, 3148, 247, 3588, 4328, 15, 7764, 1361, 479, 15, 11239, 368, 187, 8581, 15, 5581, 187, 14277, 5581, 187, 50274, 605, 50276, 3728, 323, 13922, 2380, 2490, 50274, 5, 10927, 426, 3781, 1874, 15267, 50274, 605, 50276, 3709, 1873, 465, 531, 22516, 15, 5581, 2490, 50274, 3709, 64, 19131, 1587, 11025, 15, 5581, 3287, 15267, 50274, 5, 7267, 426, 25327, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 3708, 1340, 407, 2654, 64, 8581, 1398, 3287, 187, 187, 338, 313, 24827, 64, 6370, 64, 8111, 3914, 7267, 10, 2239, 470, 10, 551, 187, 5, 10927, 9855, 2203, 64, 8581, 9686, 426, 3781, 1874, 187, 187, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 7267, 1228, 187, 92, 187, 50274, 5, 301, 64, 8581, 18340, 2009, 261, 5013, 301, 64, 8581, 22734, 187, 50274, 5, 8581, 18340, 2009, 261, 5013, 8581, 22734, 187, 50274, 5, 301, 18, 18340, 2009, 261, 5013, 301, 64, 4537, 22734, 187, 50274, 5, 301, 19, 18340, 2009, 261, 5013, 301, 64, 4537, 64, 16853, 7589, 266, 22734, 187, 50274, 5, 85, 606, 9896, 18340, 2009, 261, 5013, 85, 3129, 22734, 187, 50274, 5, 1403, 30637, 426, 5390, 3914, 301, 18, 13, 470, 13, 19, 558, 187, 50274, 5, 1403, 30637, 19, 426, 5390, 3914, 301, 19, 13, 470, 13, 19, 558, 187, 50274, 16065, 3914, 1403, 30637, 10, 187, 50274, 92, 187, 50270, 5045, 686, 324, 5295, 187, 50266, 5, 1590, 30, 24827, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 14991, 835, 2654, 64, 4537, 426, 34912, 301, 18, 8, 3287, 187, 605, 50270, 13088, 370, 79, 2902, 28, 187, 50266, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 19, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 1590, 1228, 187, 50266, 92, 187, 50262, 5, 79, 2902, 19, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 79, 2902, 22734, 187, 50266, 94, 187, 50266, 7054, 28, 535, 50270, 5045, 686, 267, 5295, 187, 50266, 5, 1590, 30, 24827, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 20759, 835, 2654, 64, 4537, 426, 34912, 301, 18, 8, 3287, 187, 605, 50270, 13088, 370, 79, 2902, 28, 187, 50266, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 19, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 1590, 1228, 187, 50266, 92, 187, 50270, 5, 1590, 19, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 1590, 22734, 187, 50270, 5, 4492, 64, 5695, 18340, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 71, 4881, 22734, 535, 50270, 5, 7267, 64, 71, 4881, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 269, 4881, 10727, 20759, 835, 269, 4881, 426, 34912, 4492, 64, 5695, 8, 3287, 187, 50270, 5, 71, 4881, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 7267, 64, 71, 4881, 18, 558, 187, 50270, 338, 3914, 71, 4881, 18, 2295, 346, 8382, 360, 12119, 2807, 187, 50255, 92, 187, 50269, 5, 5695, 426, 686, 2413, 1358, 22922, 16, 11688, 267, 2422, 17316, 3871, 16, 8428, 16, 6986, 15, 8567, 5618, 187, 50268, 94, 187, 50270, 7271, 187, 50270, 92, 187, 50269, 5, 5695, 426, 346, 2413, 1358, 22922, 16, 11688, 267, 2422, 17316, 3871, 16, 24442, 16, 3446, 5, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 71, 4881, 22734, 187, 50258, 94, 187, 50266, 94, 187, 50266, 7054, 28, 535, 50270, 5045, 686, 19875, 5295, 187, 50266, 5, 79, 2902, 30, 24827, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 14991, 835, 2654, 64, 4537, 426, 34912, 301, 18, 8, 3287, 187, 605, 50270, 13088, 370, 79, 2902, 28, 187, 50266, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 19, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 79, 2902, 1228, 187, 50266, 92, 187, 50262, 5, 79, 2902, 19, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 79, 2902, 22734, 187, 50266, 94, 187, 50266, 7054, 28, 535, 50270, 5045, 686, 446, 5295, 187, 50266, 5, 79, 2902, 30, 24827, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 20759, 835, 2654, 64, 4537, 426, 34912, 301, 18, 8, 3287, 187, 605, 50270, 13088, 370, 79, 2902, 28, 187, 50266, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 19, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 79, 2902, 1228, 187, 50266, 92, 187, 50262, 5, 79, 2902, 19, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 79, 2902, 22734, 187, 50262, 5, 4492, 64, 5695, 18340, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 71, 4881, 22734, 535, 50262, 5, 7267, 64, 71, 4881, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 269, 4881, 10727, 20759, 835, 269, 4881, 426, 34912, 4492, 64, 5695, 8, 3287, 187, 50258, 5, 71, 4881, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 7267, 64, 71, 4881, 18, 558, 187, 50258, 338, 3914, 71, 4881, 18, 2295, 346, 8382, 360, 12119, 2807, 187, 50255, 92, 187, 50255, 5, 5695, 426, 686, 2413, 1358, 22922, 16, 11688, 267, 2422, 17316, 52, 4548, 16, 8428, 16, 6986, 15, 8567, 5618, 187, 50255, 94, 187, 50258, 7271, 187, 50258, 92, 187, 50255, 5, 5695, 426, 346, 2413, 1358, 22922, 16, 11688, 267, 2422, 17316, 52, 4548, 16, 24442, 16, 3446, 5, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 71, 4881, 22734, 187, 50258, 94, 187, 50266, 94, 187, 50266, 7054, 28, 535, 50270, 5045, 686, 6535, 5295, 187, 50266, 5, 79, 2902, 30, 24827, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 14991, 835, 2654, 64, 4537, 426, 34912, 301, 18, 8, 3287, 187, 605, 50270, 13088, 370, 79, 2902, 28, 187, 50266, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 19, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 79, 2902, 1228, 187, 50266, 92, 187, 50262, 5, 79, 2902, 19, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 79, 2902, 22734, 187, 50266, 94, 187, 50266, 7054, 28, 535, 50270, 5045, 686, 1686, 5295, 187, 50266, 5, 79, 2902, 30, 24827, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 20759, 835, 2654, 64, 4537, 426, 34912, 301, 18, 8, 3287, 187, 605, 50270, 13088, 370, 79, 2902, 28, 187, 50266, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 19, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 79, 2902, 1228, 187, 50266, 92, 187, 50262, 605, 5, 2203, 64, 8581, 9855, 79, 2902, 64, 267, 17316, 9686, 426, 22486, 9869, 1041, 3914, 2009, 261, 19, 9855, 79, 2902, 3, 9259, 187, 50262, 5, 79, 2902, 19, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 79, 2902, 22734, 187, 50262, 605, 5, 2203, 64, 8581, 9855, 79, 2902, 64, 267, 17316, 9686, 426, 370, 79, 2902, 19, 28, 187, 50262, 5, 4492, 64, 5695, 18340, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 71, 4881, 22734, 535, 50262, 5, 7267, 64, 71, 4881, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 269, 4881, 10727, 20759, 835, 269, 4881, 426, 34912, 4492, 64, 5695, 8, 3287, 187, 50258, 5, 71, 4881, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 7267, 64, 71, 4881, 18, 558, 187, 50258, 338, 3914, 71, 4881, 18, 2295, 346, 8382, 360, 12119, 2807, 187, 50255, 92, 187, 50255, 5, 5695, 426, 686, 2413, 1358, 22922, 16, 11688, 267, 2422, 17316, 52, 3788, 16, 8428, 16, 6986, 15, 8567, 5618, 187, 50255, 94, 187, 50258, 7271, 187, 50258, 92, 187, 50255, 5, 5695, 426, 346, 2413, 1358, 22922, 16, 11688, 267, 2422, 17316, 52, 3788, 16, 24442, 16, 3446, 5, 2009, 261, 19, 5013, 71, 4881, 22734, 187, 50258, 94, 187, 50266, 94, 187, 50266, 7054, 28, 187, 50274, 94, 535, 50274, 16065, 3914, 1403, 30637, 19, 10, 187, 50274, 92, 187, 50270, 5045, 686, 324, 5295, 187, 50266, 5, 79, 2902, 64, 16853, 7589, 266, 30, 24827, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 14991, 835, 2654, 64, 4537, 426, 34912, 301, 19, 8, 3287, 187, 605, 50270, 13088, 370, 79, 2902, 28, 187, 50266, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 64, 79, 2902, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 79, 2902, 64, 16853, 7589, 266, 1228, 187, 50266, 92, 187, 50262, 5, 79, 2902, 20, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 64, 79, 2902, 18, 5013, 79, 2902, 22734, 187, 50266, 94, 187, 50266, 7054, 28, 535, 50270, 5045, 686, 267, 5295, 187, 50266, 5, 79, 2902, 64, 16853, 7589, 266, 30, 24827, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 475, 10727, 20759, 835, 2654, 64, 4537, 426, 34912, 301, 19, 8, 3287, 187, 605, 50270, 13088, 370, 79, 2902, 28, 187, 50266, 6050, 3914, 2009, 261, 64, 79, 2902, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 24717, 64, 3728, 4816, 79, 2902, 64, 16853, 7589, 266, 1228, 187, 50266, 92, 187, 50262, 605, 5, 79, 2902, 20, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 64, 79, 2902, 18, 5013, 79, 2902, 22734, 187, 50262, 605, 5, 2203, 64, 8581, 9855, 79, 2902, 64, 267 ]
umni"] = $nama2; $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; //$data_status["nama_alumni_tujuan"] = $nama3; $link_image=$baris_nama1['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSD/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSD/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; case 'pd': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; } break; case 'pl': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; $link_image=$baris_nama1['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMP/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMP/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; case'md': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; } break; case'ml': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; $link_image=$baris_nama1['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMA/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMA/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; } $jum=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM komen where id_status='$id_status'"); $total= mysql_num_rows($jum); if($id1==$id2){ $data_status["nama_alumni"] = $nama2; $data_status["link_image"] = $image; }else if($id1!=$id2){ $data_status["nama_alumni"] = $nama2; $data_status["nama_alumni_tujuan"] = $nama3; $data_status["link_image"] = $image; } // temp user array $data_status = array(); $data_status["id_user"] = $baris["id_user"]; $data_status["id_status"] = $baris["id_status"]; $data_status["id_user_tujuan"] = $baris["id_user_tujuan"]; $data_status["status"] = stripslashes($baris["status"]); $data_status["date"] = stripslashes($baris["tgl"]); $data_status["jml"] = $total; // menampilkan hasil query dalam bentuk array array_push($response["data_status"], $data_status); } // success $response["success"] = 1; // echoing JSON response echo json_encode($response); }else { // tidak ada data $response["success"] = 0; $response["message"] = "Tidak Ada Data"; // echoing JSON response echo json_encode($response); } ?> Display json {"data_status":[{"nama_alumni":"susa","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSMP\/photo\/","id_user":"plsusa@mail.com","id_status":"40","id_user_tujuan":"plsusa@mail.com","status":"ko","date":"April 2, 2014, 11:00 pm","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"cumin"},{"nama_alumni":"susa","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSMP\/photo\/","id_user":"plsusa@mail.com","id_status":"36","id_user_tujuan":"plsusa@mail.com","status":"dfdsg","date":"April 2, 2014, 9:19 pm","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"cumin"},{"nama_alumni":"cumin","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSD\/photo\/","id_user":"altest@mail.com","id_status":"35","id_user_tujuan":"alcandramarlina@ymail.com","status":"hhg","date":"April 2, 2014, 2:49 pm","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"candra kasih"},{"nama_alumni":"cumin","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSD\/photo\/","id_user":"altest@mail.com","id_status":"33","id_user_tujuan":"alcandra.ratri@gmail.com","status":"","date":"April 2, 2014, 2:41 pm","jml":1,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"kasih"},{"nama_alumni":"cumin","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSD\/photo\/","id_user":"altest@mail.com","id_status":"29","id_user_tujuan":"alcandramarlina@ymail.com","status":"ayoo","date":"March 22, 2014, 6:49 am","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"candra kasih"},{"nama_alumni":"kasih","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSD\/photo\/","id_user":"alcandra.ratri@gmail.com","id_status":"13","id_user_tujuan":"alcandra.ratri@gmail.com","status":"retertert","date":"March 5, 2014, 2:06 pm","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"candra kasih"}],"success":1} This code my app in android : import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.json.JSONArray; import org.json.JSONException; import org.json.JSONObject; import com.portalalumni.LoginActivity.UserLoginTask; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Fragment; import android.app.ProgressDialog; import android.app.SearchManager; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.res.Configuration;	redpajama	[ 17316, 9686, 426, 370, 79, 2902, 19, 28, 50261, 187, 50262, 5, 79, 2902, 20, 30, 370, 2009, 261, 64, 79, 2902, 18, 5013, 79, 2902, 22734, 187, 50262, 605, 5, 2203, 64, 8581, 9855, 79, 2902, 64, 267, 17316, 64, 16853, 7589, 266, 9686, 426, 370, 79, 2902, 20, 28, 187, 50262, 5, 4492, 64, 5695, 18340, 2009, 261, 64, 79, 2902, 18, 5013, 71, 4881, 22734, 535, 50262, 5, 7267, 64, 71, 4881, 18, 426, 25327, 64, 7267, 1587, 12995, 269, 4881, 10727, 20759, 835, 269, 4881, 426, 34912, 4492, 64, 5695, 8, 3287, 187, 50258, 338, 3914, 71, 4881, 18, 2295, 346, 8382, 360, 12119, 2807, 187, 50255, 92, 187, 50255, 5, 5695, 426, 686, 2413, 1358, 22922, 16, 11688, 267, 2422, 17316, 3871, 16, 8428, 16, 6986, 15, 8567, 5618, 187, 50255, 94, 187, 50258, 7271, 187, 50258, 92, 187, 50255, 5, 5695, 426, 346, 2413, 1358, 22922, 16, 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import android.database.Cursor; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle; import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat; import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout; import android.util.Log; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuInflater; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.SearchView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private ListView mDrawerList; private DrawerLayout mDrawer; private CustomActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle; private String[] menuItems; private ArrayList<NsMenuItemModel> nsMenuItemModel; SessionManager session; // Progress Dialog private ProgressDialog pDialog; // Creating JSON Parser object JSONParser jParser = new JSONParser(); ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> DataStatus; // url private static String url_data_status = "http://10.0.2.2/alumni/status.php"; // JSON Node names public static final String TAG_SUCCESS = "success"; public static final String TAG_DATA_STATUS = "data_status"; public static final String TAG_ID_USER = "id_user"; public static final String TAG_ID_STATUS = "id_status"; public static final String TAG_ID_USER_TUJUAN = "id_user_tujuan"; public static final String TAG_DATE = "date"; public static final String TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI = "nama_alumni"; public static final String TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN = "nama_alumni_tujuan"; //public static final String TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN3 = "nama_alumni_tujuan"; public static final String TAG_STATUS = "status"; public static final String TAG_TOTAL = "jml"; public static final String TAG_LINK_IMAGE = "link_image"; public static final String TAG_LINK_IMAGE1 = "link_image1"; // daftar_rs JSONArray JSONArray data_status = null; ListView list; String id_user,email,success; ListStatus adapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); session = new SessionManager(getApplicationContext()); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "User Login Status: " + session.isLoggedIn(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG) .show(); session.checkLogin(); //Hashmap from login HashMap<String, String> user = session.getUserDetails(); email = user.get(SessionManager.KEY_EMAIL); id_user = user.get(SessionManager.KEY_IDUSER); // Hashmap for ListView DataStatus = new ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>>(); // Loading daftar rumah sakit in Background Thread new LoadStatusActivity().execute(); // Get listview list = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list); list.setAdapter(new ListStatus(this, DataStatus)); // React to user clicks on item list.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parentAdapter, View view, int position, long id) { HashMap<String, String> selectedItem = DataStatus.get(position); //To-DO get you data from the ItemDetails Getter // selectedItem.get() // the send the data using intent when opening another activity Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CommentActivity.class); intent.putExtra("id_status",selectedItem.get(TAG_ID_STATUS)); startActivity(intent); } }); // enable ActionBar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true); getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true); mDrawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout); // set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer // opens mDrawer.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow, GravityCompat.START); _initMenu(); mDrawerToggle = new CustomActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawer); mDrawer.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle); } private void _initMenu() { NsMenuAdapter mAdapter = new NsMenuAdapter(this); // Add first block menuItems = getResources().getStringArray( R.array.menu); String[] menuItemsIcon = getResources().getStringArray( R.array.menu_items_icon); nsMenuItemModel = new ArrayList<NsMenuItemModel>(); // adding nav drawer items to array nsMenuItemModel.add(new NsMenuItemModel(menuItems[0], menuItemsIcon.length)); nsMenuItemModel.add(new NsMenuItemModel(menuItems[1], menuItemsIcon.length)); nsMenuItemModel.add(new NsMenuItemModel(menuItems[2], menuItemsIcon.length)); nsMenuItemModel.add(new NsMenuItemModel(menuItems[2], menuItemsIcon.length)); int res = 0; for (String item : menuItems) { int id_title = getResources().getIdentifier(item, "string", this.getPackageName()); int id_icon = getResources().getIdentifier(menuItemsIcon[res], "drawable", this.getPackageName()); NsMenuItemModel mItem = new NsMenuItemModel(id_title, id_icon); //if (res==1) mItem.counter=12; //it is just an example... //if (res==3) mItem.counter=3; //it is just an example... mAdapter.addItem(mItem); res++; } mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.drawer); if (mDrawerList!= null) mDrawerList.setAdapter(mAdapter); mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new DrawerItemClickListener()); } @Override protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState); // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred. mDrawerToggle.syncState(); } @Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater(); inflater.inflate(R.menu.main, menu); return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); } /* Called whenever we call invalidateOptionsMenu() / @Override public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // If the nav drawer is open, hide action items related to the content view boolean drawerOpen = mDrawer.isDrawerOpen(mDrawerList); menu.findItem(R.id.action_search).setVisible(!drawerOpen); menu.findItem(R.id.action_new_status).setVisible(!drawerOpen); return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu); } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { / * The action bar home/up should open or close the drawer. * ActionBarDrawerToggle will take care of this. */ if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) { return true; } // Handle action bar actions click switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.action_search: search(); return true; case R.id.action_new_status: newstatus(); return true; default: return super.	redpajama	[ 2948, 4959, 15, 25522, 15, 31620, 28, 187, 2948, 4959, 15, 375, 15, 19168, 13264, 28, 187, 2948, 4959, 15, 375, 15, 18099, 28, 187, 2948, 4959, 15, 13821, 15, 87, 21, 15, 1212, 15, 9019, 7912, 14410, 254, 46692, 28, 187, 2948, 4959, 15, 13821, 15, 87, 21, 15, 1374, 15, 48062, 414, 30616, 28, 187, 2948, 4959, 15, 13821, 15, 87, 21, 15, 14778, 15, 14410, 254, 9683, 28, 187, 2948, 4959, 15, 8906, 15, 6800, 28, 187, 2948, 4959, 15, 1374, 15, 9683, 45951, 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onOptionsItemSelected(item); } } private void newstatus() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, NewStatusActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void search() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SearchAlumniActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void profile() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ProfileActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void home() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MainActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void inbox() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, InboxActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void logout() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub session.logoutUser(); finish(); } private class CustomActionBarDrawerToggle extends ActionBarDrawerToggle { public CustomActionBarDrawerToggle(Activity mActivity,DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout){ super( mActivity, mDrawerLayout, R.drawable.ic_drawer, R.string.menu_open, R.string.menu_close); } @Override public void onDrawerClosed(View view) { getActionBar().setTitle(getString(R.string.menu_close)); invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu() } @Override public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) { getActionBar().setTitle(getString(R.string.menu_open)); invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu() } } private class DrawerItemClickListener implements ListView.OnItemClickListener { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { // Highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the drawer // update selected item and title, then close the drawer mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true); switch (position) { case 0: profile(); break; case 1: home(); break; case 2: inbox(); break; case 3: logout(); break; default: break; } mDrawer.closeDrawer(mDrawerList); } } public static void unbindDrawables(View view) { if (view!= null) { if (view.getBackground()!= null) { view.getBackground().setCallback(null); } if (view instanceof ViewGroup) { for (int i = 0; i < ((ViewGroup) view).getChildCount(); i++) { unbindDrawables(((ViewGroup) view).getChildAt(i)); } try { ((ViewGroup) view).removeAllViews(); } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) { // No problem, nothing to do here } } } } /*** Updating parsed JSON data into ListView * / public void SetListViewAdapter(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> status) { adapter = new ListStatus(this, status); list.setAdapter(adapter); } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode,data); // if result code 100 if (resultCode == 100) { // if result code 100 is received // means user edited/deleted record // reload this screen again Intent intent = getIntent(); finish(); startActivity(intent); } } /** Background Async Task to Load all record data by making HTTP Request * / class LoadStatusActivity extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> { /** Before starting background thread Show Progress Dialog * / @Override protected void onPreExecute() { super.onPreExecute(); pDialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this); pDialog.setMessage("Loading..."); pDialog.setIndeterminate(false); pDialog.setCancelable(false); pDialog.show(); } /** getting All record data from url * / protected String doInBackground(String... args) { // Building Parameters List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); // getting JSON string from URL JSONObject json = jParser.makeHttpRequest(url_data_status, "GET", params); // Check your log cat for JSON reponse Log.d("Status: ", json.toString()); try { // Checking for SUCCESS TAG int success = json.getInt(TAG_SUCCESS); if (success == 1) { // Ada record Data (SUCCESS = 1) // Getting Array of data_alumni data_status = json.getJSONArray(TAG_DATA_STATUS); // looping through All data_alumni for (int i = 0; i < data_status.length(); i++) { JSONObject c = data_status.getJSONObject(i); // Storing each json item in variable String id_user = c.getString(TAG_ID_USER); String id_status = c.getString(TAG_ID_STATUS); String id_user_tujuan = c.getString(TAG_ID_USER); String date = c.getString(TAG_DATE); String jml = c.getString(TAG_TOTAL); String nama_alumni = c.getString(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI); String nama_alumni_tujuan = c.getString(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN); //String nama_alumni_tujuan3 = c.getString(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN3); String status = c.getString(TAG_STATUS); String link_image = c.getString(TAG_LINK_IMAGE); String link_image1 = c.getString(TAG_LINK_IMAGE1); // creating new HashMap HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String,String>(); // adding each child node to HashMap key => value map.put(TAG_ID_USER, id_user); map.put(TAG_ID_STATUS, id_status); map.put(TAG_ID_USER_TUJUAN, id_user_tujuan); map.put(TAG_DATE, date); map.put(TAG_TOTAL, jml); map.put(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI, nama_alumni); map.put(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN, nama_alumni_tujuan); //map.put(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN3, nama_alumni_tujuan3); map.put(TAG_STATUS, status); map.put(TAG_LINK_IMAGE, link_image); map.put(TAG_LINK_IMAGE1, link_image1); // adding HashList to ArrayList DataStatus.add(map); } } else { // Tidak Ada Record Data (SUCCESS = 0) super.onCancelled(); } } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** After completing background task Dismiss the progress dialog * / protected void onPostExecute(String file_url) { // dismiss the dialog after getting all record data alumni pDialog.dismiss(); // updating UI from Background Thread runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { public void run() { // updating listview SetListViewAdapter(DataStatus); } }); } } /	redpajama	[ 251, 10976, 5475, 19030, 9, 4835, 558, 187, 50262, 94, 187, 50274, 94, 535, 50274, 9486, 2991, 747, 8581, 1082, 551, 187, 50270, 605, 24202, 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It is estimated that people spend 90% of their time indoors and 50% or more of each day inside their homes. No wonder our home environment is now being seen as a major influence on our health and well-being. 1. Keep it dry. Take care of leaks and moisture problems as quickly as possible to avoid problems with mold, pests, and the development of structural problems. Health effects reported to be related to mold and moisture are upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms and asthma. Beside leaks, some other causes of excess moisture are poor drainage or rainwater control, condensation, unvented combustion appliances, and unsealed crawl spaces. Optimal indoor relative humidity is 45-55%. 2. Keep it clean. A home that is kept clean reduces exposure to allergens, pests, pesticides, heavy metals and chemical contaminants, all frequent contaminants of house dust. Reduce clutter and use materials in your home that are easy to clean and maintain. Remove shoes when entering the house to minimize dust, pesticides, and allergens. Clean carpets frequently or switch to resilient flooring. Try to use non-toxic cleaning products in the home. 3. Keep it pest-free. Pests in the home have been associated with health problems, including asthma symptoms from dust mites, cockroaches and mouse dander. Rodents can also carry serious diseases. Homes with pest problems are more likely to use and store pesticides, which can cause serious health effects. If pests are in your home, seal all entry points where they may be entering, but use a certified pesticide applicator if you have an infestation that requires pesticides. 4. Keep it safe. Falls are the most common cause of injury in the home, followed by poisoning and fires/burns. Prevent falls with handrails on both sides of staircases, child safety gates, and grab rails in the bath. Lock medications and hazardous chemicals/products in a secure location. Use smoke and carbon monoxide alarms and turn down the temperature on the water heater to prevent scalding. 5. Keep it contaminant-Free. Many contaminants make their way into our homes, intentionally or unknowingly. The more common indoor air contaminants are tobacco smoke, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), asbestos, radon, and lead. VOC’s, present in many products such as paint, carpet, adhesives, and cleaning products, can often be avoided by purchasing no-VOC or low-VOC options. Make sure to ventilate your home if using products containing VOC’s. Asbestos may be present in pipe or duct insulation, resilient floors, vermiculite insulation, etc. If it is in good condition, leave it alone. The danger is that when disturbed, fibers are released and inhaled. If it needs to be disturbed, have it done by a professional. Have you had your home tested for radon? Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is colorless, odorless and enters buildings from the soil. Although it causes no early symptoms, over time it causes lung cancer. Testing for radon is simple and inexpensive, and radon problems can be corrected. Lead is a common contaminant in older homes due to the use of lead in paints until 1978. Dust from lead-based paint is the most common source of lead poisoning in children today. Before doing any renovation work on your home, have it tested for lead and if present, choose a lead-certified contractor/painter. 6. Keep it ventilated. Higher rates of respiratory irritation and illness occur in housing with poor ventilation. Proper ventilation can also dilute and reduce the hazards of contaminants. Make sure all combustion appliances, kitchens and bathrooms have exhaust ventilation. Whole house ventilation which supplies controlled amounts of fresh air is best. 7. Keep it maintained. Proper maintenance of a home requires regular inspections, cleaning, lubrication, repair or replacement of non-functional systems, and an organized system or checklist for maintenance. Have heating systems maintained every 1-2 years depending on your system, act quickly to repair leaks, control pests, etc. For more information on healthy homes, indoor air quality, lead or radon testing, call the CCE Consumer HelpLine at (607) 272-2292 or visit our website, www.ccetompkins/home.<\|endoftext\|>Q: Throwing view not found but it does InvalidOperationException: The view 'Register' was not found. The following locations were searched: /Views/Account/Register.cshtml /Views/Shared/Register.cshtml Getting this error. In my account controller, I have: public class AccountController : Controller { [HttpGet] public IActionResult Register() { return View(); } [HttpGet] public IActionResult Login() { return View(); } } The view clearly exists: I have tried both just in Account(where it should be..), just in shared, and in both as seen below. Same error each time. Login works just fine. I have tried a clean build and get the same issue. A: set routes.MapRoute on the project that you created <\|endoftext\|>Q: Surround selection into array I am aware about surrounding selection in quotes or braces PhpStorm wrap/surround selection? I need similar but surround selection into array Assume I have text separated with newline or text separated with space a b c d e a b c d e I need after selection get [a,b,c,d,e] Please advice any IDE or method how to achieve this A: A no-brainer solution Make sure the following option is enabled: For text separated with spaces: * Select the 'array-to-be', hit Ctrl+R and R again (to enter 'In selection' mode) Type a space in the first field,, in the second Click 'Replace all', hit Esc With the text still selected, press [: the closing bracket will be added automatically For multi-line text: * Select the 'array-to-be', hit Ctrl+R, enable 'Regex' Type \n + in the first field,, in the second Click 'Replace all', hit Esc With the text still selected, press [: the closing bracket will be added automatically The sequence of actions can be wrapped into a macro and assigned a single shortcut. A: Vim + Surround plugin. Enter visual mode, select what you need and press S]. A: The first group could be created by: :%s/\v(\w)(\n)/\1,/g \| exec "norm! I[\<Esc>A]" It takes care of: a b ... \v........... very magic regex ()........... regex group (\w)......... letters (\n)........ zero or more line breaks \1........... repeat content of the first regex group <\|endoftext\|>This page contains 7th grade math games online which kids can use to review and practice at their spare time. Each game is a math test with multiple choice questions which aid in mentally solving problems. These games are interactive, online 24 hours on 7 and can work on all devices (Ipad and Android mobile devices). For children who need more seventh grade math practice on algebra, geometry, scientific notation, roots of numbers, exponents, percentages, order of operations and more, this is the page to visit. These games are free and can be used both at home and in school. Prepare your final exams with the variety of games we offer (fishing game, wheel spin game, wheel spin game, coffee machine fill up game, monster board game, and more to come.<\|endoftext\|>Episyron coccineipes é uma espécie de insetos himenópteros, mais especificamente de vespas pertencente à família Pompilidae. A autoridade científica da espécie é Saunders, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1901. Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português. Referências Episyron coccineipes - de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2013) Fauna Europaea version 2.6. Web Service available online at http://www.faunaeur.org (consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2014). Ligações externas Episyron coccineipes - Biodiversity Heritage Library - Bibliografia Episyron coccineipes - NCBI Taxonomy Database Episyron coccineipes - Global Biodiversity Information Facility Episyron coccineipes - Encyclopedia of Life Himenópteros de Portugal coccineipes Himenópteros descritos em 1901<\|endoftext\|>The Spiritual Warfare of Bullshit Jobs book review / philosophy “The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.“ Even at the start of humanity, humans were given a purpose: to work; to deal with adversity; to make things happen. That’s not the case today, we’re not existentially given anything in the form of meaning. And increasingly so, it looks as if we cannot look to our jobs as a substitute for meaning either. 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of people. That’s a factor to our current stratification today – elites in technology or the paper belt are hardly in sync with blue collar workers. Children are told that if they go to university, they’ll be happier and more successful with their white collar jobs. However, rates of depression are highest amongst those who had a privileged upbringing. Why is this the case and what molds a problem into a crisis? Forget the first rule, we need to be talking about the modern-day fight club of hopelessness. The record levels of anxiety and depression have its roots in a deeper cause. A book I finished (in a day!) and found highly interesting was David Graeber’s Bullshit Jobs. In it, he discusses how over 40% of people in the UK feel as though their jobs are useless – you could remove them from their positions and nobody would notice. Some are making over six figures and still feel as though they negatively contribute to society. A paycheck doesn’t inscribe value into someone – they need to feel like their life actually has purpose. To clarify, a bullshit job is defined as: “A form of paid employment that is so completely pointless, unnecessary, or pernicious that even the employee cannot justify its existence even though, as part of the conditions of employment, the employee feels obliged to pretend that this is not the case.” Intuitively, we’ve all been in the position of feeling like our work is unnecessary. Whether in school, where we cannot read what we want even when we’ve finished all our homework or in the more accurate model of the workplace, where we have to pretend to look busy so as to avoid the wrath of our boss and peers. It’s akin to the wrestling’s Kayfabe where wrestlers pretend to fight each other; in reality it’s all scripted. Graeber makes a substantial point that capitalism was meant to remove waste in the workplace with creative destruction, rending inefficient firms. Entrepreneurs enter new areas and businesses that cannot survive are culled from nature. Nevertheless, that hasn’t been the case since the 1970s. The information revolution created wondrous and interesting jobs, but also led to the growth of PE firms and the derivatives crisis of 2008. “Financialization” has permeated western culture and with it, more MBAs than ever and bureaucracies taking the place of any actual work. The sad part is that once the sociopathic bureaucrats come into the picture, it’s impossible to reel them back; you can only replace them with something better. In the meantime, people have to work at these firms and deal with the vicious cycle of poor management. Overall, BS jobs fall into four distinct branches: flunkies, goons, duct tapers, box tickers, and taskmasters. Flunkies are people who make others look good while goons are those pernicious PR/marketers who advertise products that sell by causing insecurity in their viewers. Duct tapers fix and repair boring problems (ie software from open-source code) and box tickers along with taskmasters are your average middle-men bureaucrats like Michael Scott from the Office. But how does this relate to mental health? There is a multitude of research saying how time spent social media has a strong correlation with mental illness. The more time one spends on Facebook or Instagram, the more they compare their life to others and inevitably come up short. Photoshop beats reality. However, one reason they’re spending much more time than ever before on these online platforms is because their jobs or school lack challenge and they never fall into flow. One theory of happiness says that we feel content when we have achieved more than our parents. In our world, where people are still reeling from the Great Recession and are working three jobs in the gig economy, it’s tough that they ever get to feel this way. Some of the people Graeber interviewed stated that working a mind-numbing job was a form of spiritual warfare on their souls. The dullness day in and day out was a punishment to their sense of being. Take the case of Nouri who works at a prestigious corporate office as a programmer: “ I used to have to go literally “insane” to get into work. Scrub away “me” and become the thing that can do this work. Afterward, I’d often need a day to recover; to remember who I am. (If I didn’t, I’d become an acerbic, nitpicky person to people in my private life, enraged over tiny things.) So I’d have to find all sorts of mental technologies to make my work bearable. The most effective motivations were deadlines and rage. (For example, pretending I was slighted, so I’d “show them” with my excellent productivity.) But as a result, it was hard to organize the different parts of me, the ancient things which cohere into “me”; they quickly went off-kilter. In contrast, I could stay up late for hours working on workplace organizer stuff, like teaching coworkers how to negotiate, programming, project management... I was most fully myself then. My imagination and logic worked in concert. Until I saw dreams and had to sleep.” It’s clear that work was causing a bipolar behaviour in Nouri – he couldn’t be himself at the office and it was eating him alive balancing his personalities. But he takes up a new hobby within work – a side-hustle if you will. “I began to introduce myself to people by saying that programming is my day job, and workplace organizer is my real job. My workplace subsidizes my activism.” People come into work only to pretend to do their jobs and then do something else that satisfies them. Keynes was right. We work fewer deeper hours but still play the guise of 40 hour work weeks. I think remote work is a great trend in this case – we don’t really need as much face time anymore with tools like Zoom, Notion, etc. Human productivity is our best resource, let’s use it more efficiently. Previous PostTo See Paris and Die Next PostThe Modern Proletariat<\|endoftext\|>Last Updated: Wednesday, 02 December 2020 08:13 A personal, fair and diverse NHS is one where: everyone counts services are personal, designed to give patients what they want and need fairness is built in- so that everyone has equal opportunities and treatment the skills and experiences of employees from all backgrounds are used and valued people can choose the services they want and have as much support as they need everyone is treated with dignity and respect, and when they complain - we listen and put things right talent flourishes and nothing stops people going as far as they want we are accountable and patients are informed and have more control care doesn’t stop at the door, but helps people live healthier lives This is what our equality & diversity work at Ashford & St. Peter’s Hospitals is all about, and the information on these pages provide more detail about what we are doing to achieve this. We meet the criteria to use the Employment Services disability symbol (we hold a Disability Employment Advisor’s Certificate). The Trust has a Diversity and Equality Steering Group, which oversees all diversity and equality activities and standards within the Trust. The Trust is also part of the North West Surrey Strategy on Equality and Diversity. Read our annual reports The Equality Act 2010 (Specific Duties and Public Authorities) Regulations 2017 set out a public authority's gender pay gap reporting duties, which form part of its public sector equality duty under the Equality Act 2010. The regulations require that employers, with 250 or more employees, publish their gender pay gap annually by 31st March. This report publishes our Gender Pay Gap based on the snapshot date of 31 March 2018 and will be published on our website by 30th March 2019. Our Gender Pay Gap will also be uploaded on to the government's website where the public can find and compare our Trust's data with other organisations. Download the 2018/19 Report We have procedures and policies in place that make staff aware of the issues surrounding many forms of discrimination including bullying, harassment, whistle-blowing, tackling violence, racial and other forms of discrimination. Your Local Black and Minority Ethnic Network Mission statement: To work in partnership with the Trust and the Health and Social Care BME network to promote and advance equality, diversity and inclusion agenda of the Trust. Your 2 co-chairs are Hardev Gill and Jacqueline Ince. Hardev Gill has worked in the Trust for almost 5 years and is the Associate Director of Operations for Women’s Health and Paediatrics and worked in TASCC before this role. Jacqueline Ince has worked in the Trust for 11 years as a Consultant in Acute Medicine and Diabetes and Endocrinology. We are looking for more members to join our vibrant team. Please email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. if you would like to hear more! We are a Stonewall Diversity Champion The Trust is committed to ensuring the needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bi and Trans (LGBT+) employees and service users are understood and met both in policy and practice. We have joined Stonewall (LGB charity) to help us to achieve those aims. Freedom to Speak Up: Whistle-Blowing The Trust’s Freedom to Speak Up Policy provides guidance for staff on raising concerns that incorporate the requirements the Trust has as a responsible employer both ethically and by statute. We want to provide a working environment in which workers can raise genuine issues of concern without fear of retribution. 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Representative offices (ROs) are an attractive way for foreign investors to get a feel for a given market in Asia, as they are the easiest type of foreign investment structure to set up. The defining characteristic of ROs are their limited business scope – ROs are generally forbidden from engaging in any profit-seeking activities – but they are excellent investment vehicles for foreign companies to better understand a country prior to full market entry, or as a communication channel between that country and HQ. The set-up procedures and structure of an RO varies across Asia. Over the past few years, Asia Briefing has detailed how ROs function across different Asian markets, including in China, Vietnam, and India. In this article, we examine representative offices in Indonesia. With a total population exceeding 250 million, Indonesia is a great market opportunity for foreign companies seeking to expand their consumer base and bolster production. The majority of Indonesians are middle class and, at 28 years of age, the average citizen is at the height of their productivity and nearing peak consumption years. Firms seeking to increase their global footprint – in particular, through the establishment of regional production hubs – should therefore strongly consider Indonesia as an exciting entry point to ASEAN and the region at large. During the process of tapping into the archipelago’s emerging advantages, Indonesia – like any foreign market – can at times present complicated and often costly due diligence. Potential investors, and particularly those with limited resources, such as startups, may therefore need to explore the market to ensure operations are conducted in a seamless manner. By far the most common, Trade Representative Offices (TROs) are controlled under the Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal – BKPM). The range of activities that may be conducted by TROs, however, are quite narrow. In particular, they may not engage in trading, own production facilities, or undertake operational business activities. As a result of these limitations, TROs cannot accept orders, participate in tenders, sign contracts, or engage in the import, export or distribution of goods. Trade Representative Offices are mainly reserved for firms wishing to participate in marketing, promotional, and other information gathering activities on behalf of the parent company. Established for the purposes of entering into joint operation agreements with Indonesian entities, for the purpose of engaging in construction and/or construction consulting services, Construction Representative Offices (CROs) are is controlled under Ministry of Public Works. ROs require the employment of at least one employee as RO head. The RO head must submit curriculum vitae, education certificate, and valid ID card when completing RO registration. If the RO head is a foreign employee, the minimum education requirement is a bachelor degree with three years working experiences in a similar field. Please keep in mind that if an RO wishes to hire a foreign employee as the RO head, they also must hire at minimum three local employees as experts or administration staffs; proven by employment contract, copy of identification card, and salary slip. Following submission of registration paperwork to the BKPM, a license for the operation of the RO will be issued within a month. Although the validity of this license is set at three years, updated regulations have removed previous limitations on the number of renewals that could be applied for. Currently, following successful compliance with guidelines outline below, licenses may be renewed indefinitely. Similar to Limited Liability Companies, ROs are subject to a variety of compliance requirements. Although prohibited from conducting profit generating activities within Indonesia, it should be noted that RO compliance does include tax filing. Successful investment strategy in Indonesia continues to require careful procedures. All firms considering investment within this country should be sure to conduct a careful review of their opportunities and maintain clear a understanding of regulatory responsibilities. In the event that questions arise, relevant government officials or professional services should be contacted to ensure compliance. RO establishment can prove a complex and challenging procedure, even Indonesia nowadays is modernizing its economy policies to be investor friendly. With experience of helping companies set up business operations in the region, the specialists at Winnindo Business Consult are well placed to help companies overcome these challenges. For more information, please get in touch with our specialists at info@winnindo.com.<\|endoftext\|>Home News Study shows one out of three people throw batteries in the garbage Study shows one out of three people throw batteries in the garbage Madison E. Rowe Many Canadians living in the country’s most populous province are avid recyclers. But a new study suggests that the disposal of single-use batteries aren’t top of mind for Ontario households. The research was conducted by Environics Research Group for Stewardship Ontario. The private, not-for-profit company runs then province’s Orange Drop program. It found that a third of Ontarians (35 per cent) say they typically get rid of old batteries by throwing them in the garbage or including them in their Blue Box. Although the Blue Box may seem like a good place to toss those batteries, these items aren’t accepted in the program. And even those who normally do the right thing occasionally toss out a battery or two. One in three (33 per cent) admit they’ve thrown out a battery in the garbage in the past year. “It could be that you are hanging onto your batteries because you don’t know what to do with them, or simply putting them in the garbage with regular household waste because you don’t think only one battery matters,” said Paul Gerard, spokesperson for Stewardship Ontario. “We want to change both bad habits and encourage Ontarians to make battery recycling part of a positive habit. Some batteries contain materials that are harmful to our environment if disposed of incorrectly, and it’s everyone’s responsibility to ensure that doesn’t happen.” Nearly half (47 per cent) of those who throw batteries in the household trash say they do not know where to bring them. Meanwhile, four in ten (39 per cent) were unaware batteries should not be thrown out. And interestingly, two in ten (23 per cent) say they don’t use enough batteries for proper disposal to matter. Related: Land Pollution Recovery: The Reclamation of Sudbury Stewardship Ontario narrowed down their research findings even further. The team has found that certain segments of the population have certain battery disposal habits. The “Unaware and Uncaring” group is more likely to be young adults (under the age of 34) and make up 28 per cent of the population. They buy few batteries and are unaware of the proper recycling procedures. This segment is the most likely to throw their batteries into the regular garbage. Members of “Only if it’s Easy” (19 per cent of Ontarians) use an above average number of batteries, and while they are generally aware of the proper procedures for disposal they do not always follow through due to a perceived lack of convenience “Where, Why and How” Ontarians (15 per cent of the populations) support household recycling but are unaware of the proper procedures for disposal of used batteries. Of those who throw their batteries into the regular trash, nearly all (95 per cent) said they would be somewhat likely to change their ways if it was easier for them to recycle. And then there’s the case of the battery hoarder. It’s probably wise to assume that many junk drawers across the province are also seeing their fair share of used batteries. The survey reveals that the average household has 15 used batteries that are earmarked for recycling – but haven’t made it past the front door yet. Other survey highlights include: Nearly half (46 per cent) of respondents said that there should be fines imposed for not recycling, or that it should depend on circumstances, such as the type of material, the amount and the frequency of offenses. Households in Ontario on average have 12.6 products or appliances that require batteries. Given that there are 4.8 million households in Ontario, that’s more than 60 million batteries that could be recycled.1 Consumer technologies such as remote controls and cameras are the largest use of batteries, followed by safety devices such as smoke detectors and household appliances. And while parents may attest to the fact that Wii and remote control cars tend to eat up batteries the fastest, gaming devices and toys ranked lower on the reasons for a battery purchase. Related: Who Cares ‘Bout Kyoto? Stewardship Ontario has put out a list of common battery myths and attempted to expel them: Myth: Someone sorts out batteries and other potentially harmful wastes from my garbage. Fact: Many single-use batteries contain hazardous materials such as mercury and lead, which are known to be toxic to animals and humans. If not properly disposed of, these chemicals end up in landfills where they can leak into the ground and can create toxic mixtures that may flow into our drinking water. Although household batteries comprise a small fraction of total garbage, they are responsible for between 50 and 70 per cent of all heavy metals found in landfills. Myth: Once a battery dies, it has no other use. Fact: Used batteries still have life. Not only does separating batteries from your garbage prevent potentially harmful materials from contaminating our drinking water, but properly recycled batteries have valuable resources that can be recovered and used as new asingredients in producing new goods. In fact, it is much more efficient to recycle a metal than mine it from the ground. Myth: Recycling batteries is not convenient. Fact: There are more than 2,000 battery collection sites established throughout Ontario, consisting of municipal depots, special collection events and a network of retail stores, libraries, community centres, schools and other easily accessible drop-off points for consumers. Visit Makethedrop.ca to find the nearest drop-off centre to you simply by entering your postal code. 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is a journalist/media consultant currently working in Toronto. Hyundai Will Use “Second Life” EV Batteries to Store Energy Volkswagen Is Using Google’s Quantum Computing Technology to Develop Specialized EV Batteries Zero Food Waste by 2025 as Walmart Canada Delivers $15M Commitment New Battery Breakthrough Could Revolutionize the Electric Car Sector Ontario Launches New Cleantech Strategy to Combat Climate Change Victoria’s Progressive Plastic Bag Ban Heads for Court June macArthur September 29, 2012 At 2:53 PM Why can’t we dispose of used batteries the same way Germany does? They have bins with different battery sizes and kids run to depoit then in the right sized hole. Recyckling becomes a fun thing to do. Selecting the Right Solar Battery for Your Residential Solar System Australia’s Tesla Solar Battery Turns a Profit Land Pollution Recovery: The Reclamation of Sudbury<\|endoftext\|>(08-02-2012 06:51 AM)WhiteEagle Wrote: I can adapt the reviews for the restaurant reviews, but I don't know if I could adapt anything to make that. I can use that for the restaurant reviews. I'm thinking I can use the articles for the recipes, with the filter options being breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks, or other. I fold for team 52482. Do you fold? If we want to create a filter for our custom thread fields, (I think) it is better if we think what we want to do with the filter, because XThreads 1.60 offers more powerful usage for the filter. The reasons why I create the numeric filters for the Restaurant Review and Comp Specs example applications is because we can use operators like <=> for numeric fields (if I don't misunderstand it). For example, later, we can filter restaurants that has Food rating > 3, Atmosphere >= 2 and Service = 5. We can filter comp that has HD space <= 1024 GB, Graphics Memory > 1024 MB and RAM < 2048 MB. I wonder if it would be possible to sort the restaurants by overall rating in descending order? It's the rating that describes the restaurant overall (like an average of the other scores when combined). I really do understand you. See the documentation for how to use sorting with custom thread fields. I wonder if XThreads could be used to create a story archive similar to what's at AFC Stories right now. It's powered by eFiction (efiction.org) currently, and I'm hoping to integrate it into Leet Link. What did I mess up on this form? The form contents are showing up top and not in the message area? Thanks very much,the app can sync joomla data?<\|endoftext\|>Q: Select last two years on multiple rows I want to select last 2 years from weeks (not depending on today's date), but my table contains multiple entries for the same week like this (example) : week product release -------\|---------\|--------- 11 xx zz 11 ab cd 12 yy ff 12 pp jj ... and so on until two years equivalent (104 weeks) Knowing that I won't have one row for each week, I can't use LIMIT 104. How can I do this query? I'm using MySQL. I've tried this but it returns one row for each week... SELECT * FROM t WHERE t.week = ANY ( SELECT t.week FROM t) LIMIT 0, 104; A: you could do something like: SELECT * FROM t WHERE t.week IN ( SELECT distinct week FROM t) LIMIT 0,104 A: I hope I understand you well: SELECT * FROM t WHERE week >= (SELECT MAX(week) FROM t) - 104 A: Try this buddy. SELECT * FROM t WHERE t.week>0 and (not t.week>104); <\|endoftext\|>Q: variable in BeautifulSoup find() method is not working I am using BeautifulSoup in python3.6. I am not getting an error while using a string as a parameter in the find method. bs.find('div',attrs={'class' : 'ptag'}).text but i am getting error while using variable instead of string directly. bs.find('div',{'class' : ptagclass}) Error: data=(bs.find('div',{'class' : ptagclass}).text) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'text' A: The problem relies upon in the way you are trying to find the parameter, try replacing bs.find('div',{'class' : ptagclass}) with bs.find('div',{'class' : "ptagclass"}) this should solve the issue. Hope this helps <\|endoftext\|>Karaoke Oom Pah Pah - Video with Lyrics - Oliver! Karaoke Oom Pah Pah Oliver! as made famous by Oliver! This title is a cover of Oom Pah Pah as made famous by Oliver! Consider Yourself as made famous by Oliver! I'd Do Anything as made famous by Oliver! As Long As He Needs Me as made famous by Oliver!<\|endoftext\|>Below is a list of ensembles with whom I am currently performing. For more information click on the ensemble image to be directed to their respective websites. The Nexas Quartet is focused on promoting the musical plurality of the saxophone, showcasing its versatility and ability to cross genres. This unique approach has enabled the ensemble to perform throughout Australia and internationally, displaying the diversity of the repertoire. The Sax Summit is quickly gaining attention as one of Australia's most original and dynamic new acts. In a high energy, interactive show, four saxophonists and percussion perform a sharp and varied program featuring favourite pop, jazz and classical hits.<\|endoftext\|>Steven Bergwijn (* 8. Oktober 1997 in Amsterdam) ist ein niederländischer Fußballspieler und Nationalspieler, der bei Ajax Amsterdam unter Vertrag steht. Karriere Verein Bergwijn, sowohl niederländischer als auch surinamischer Staatsangehöriger, begann beim ASC Waterwijk, einem Stadtteilverein von Almere in der Provinz Flevoland, mit dem Fußballspielen. Später wechselte er in die Jugendakademie von Ajax Amsterdam und anschließend in die des Ligakonkurrenten PSV Eindhoven. Seit Ende der Saison 2014/15 spielt er in deren ersten Mannschaft. Mit der PSV Eindhoven gewann Bergwijn dreimal die Meisterschaft und einmal den nationalen Superpokal. Außerdem war er seit seinem Profidebüt in jeder Saison im Europapokal vertreten; in der Saison 2015/16 erreichte er mit der PSV Eindhoven in der Champions League das Achtelfinale und schied nach dem 7:8 im Elfmeterschießen gegen den späteren Finalisten Atlético Madrid aus dem Wettbewerb aus, nachdem sowohl das Hin- als auch Rückspiel torlos endete. Am 29. Januar 2020 wurde sein Wechsel für rund 30 Millionen Euro zu Tottenham Hotspur bekannt gegeben. Im Sommer 2022 wechselte er für eine Ablösesumme von 31,25 Millionen Euro zu Ajax Amsterdam und ist damit der neue Rekordtransfer der Niederländer. Er unterschrieb dort einen bis 2027 gültigen Vertrag. Nationalmannschaft Bergwijn nahm mit der U17-Nationalmannschaft an der U17-Europameisterschaft 2014 in Malta teil und erreichte das am 21. Mai 2014 angesetzte Finale, das jedoch gegen die Auswahl Englands mit 1:4 im Elfmeterschießen verloren wurde. Für die U17-Nationalmannschaft bestritt er 15 Länderspiele, in den er acht Tore erzielte. Sein Debüt am 11. September 2013 beim 2:2-Unentschieden gegen die Auswahl Deutschlands krönte er sogleich mit seinem ersten Tor, dem Führungstreffer zum 2:1 in der 48. Minute. In der Folge absolvierte Bergwijn mindestens eine Begegnung für die U18- und 16 für die U19-Nationalmannschaft, mit der er an der U19-Europameisterschaft 2016 in Deutschland teilnahm. Daraufhin absolvierte er vier Spiele für die U20-Auswahl und absolvierte am 6. Oktober 2016 beim torlosen Unentschieden im EM-Qualifikationsspiel in Alkmaar gegen die U21-Nationalmannschaft der Türkei sein Debüt für die U21-Nationalmannschaft. Am 5. Oktober 2018 wurde er von Bondscoach Ronald Koeman mit seiner N	redpajama	[ 310, 247, 17264, 16, 8236, 24773, 4390, 2444, 275, 13533, 15, 187, 17151, 25581, 74, 7395, 7890, 773, 10951, 7813, 668, 9463, 378, 2569, 447, 281, 16106, 11669, 187, 15271, 661, 40990, 1680, 6915, 5559, 457, 84, 25136, 37696, 10784, 281, 20148, 10396, 1025, 9463, 378, 2569, 447, 187, 26561, 11431, 48420, 407, 1384, 1099, 347, 41414, 6144, 6304, 1564, 370, 1010, 46, 41402, 420, 187, 4257, 45733, 24037, 10489, 16574, 15033, 907, 253, 21171, 2639, 48899, 187, 2374, 85, 5629, 3905, 328, 2706, 1457, 8148, 386, 5036, 32988, 281, 46750, 28678, 15836, 187, 35419, 571, 457, 84, 39935, 1847, 3258, 19997, 16456, 754, 6594, 323, 2111, 187, 18948, 5315, 34021, 4397, 3285, 13, 4050, 2058, 374, 27, 3357, 5365, 187, 4967, 476, 457, 85, 359, 35125, 273, 908, 19978, 253, 1072, 1039, 6176, 1057, 32, 1583, 452, 27925, 342, 1027, 9378, 9552, 285, 5753, 1408, 281, 1305, 27521, 840, 275, 253, 987, 25180, 7793, 15, 4568, 90, 777, 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TOAST specialises in the creation of tailored content for social media in the different formats these platforms require. By continually updating our knowledge in the audiovisual sphere and using an evolving approach to communication strategies, we have acquired the tools to appreciate and master the changes that have radically overhauled the way we consume information. Today, as well as creating videos and photos, we also provide comprehensive project guidance to promote your content in line with your communication strategy, from ideas right through to publishing. The pioneering and creative vision, energy, motivation and passion that have driven us from the start are still our greatest strength today.<\|endoftext\|>The stormy, dark and mysterious sky in this image reminds me of El Greco's view of Toledo. This astonishing full arc rainbow was captured up in Dove Mountain. Regardless of how many times I see a rainbow, each one still thrills me!<\|endoftext\|>Q: reverse last and first name and remove comma Is there a way not to us the radio button but execute javascript automatically? I see i'm using.click function, which command need to be used for execute it automatically? Thank you for the advice. $(document).ready(function () { $("input[name='change_last_first']").click(function () { $(".name").each(function() { var revName = $(this).text().split(" ").reverse().join(" "); $(this).text(revName); }); }); }); function name(str) { return(str.replace(/,/g,'')); } <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <input name="change_last_first" value="first" type="radio" >First Last, <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="name">Willis, James</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="name">Handson Willis</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="name">Anderson, Sarah</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="name">Pandora, Jim</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> A: To make this work on load just remove the click() handler, and place your each() logic directly within the document.ready handler. That being said, you can improve the logic by providing a function to text() which iterates over all elements in the collection. This function accepts the current text value of the element as an argument which you can amend and use to return the new value. Finally you can split() the text by comma or whitespace in order to remove the trailing comma which is left in some cases by your current code. With all that said, try this jQuery(function($) { $(".name").text(function(i, t) { return t.split(/,\|\s/).reverse().join(" "); }); }); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <table> <thead> <tr><th>Name</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td class="name">Willis, James</td></tr> <tr><td class="name">Handson Willis</td></tr> <tr><td class="name">Anderson, Sarah</td></tr> <tr><td class="name">Pandora, Jim</td></tr> </tbody> </table> <\|endoftext\|>T_T!! I just switched back to my civic and went for an inspection today.. I am with belairdirect so I had to do it.. Anyways I have a 97 dx and the guy checked the engine and saw a b16.. He saids my insurance wont go up but do yoiu guys think it will go up? if he said it wont go up.. maybe.. it wont?? but thats only the inspector telling me it wont go up.. Also he said I dont have to tell tell my insuranmce company about the swap.. but I guess I will see what happends.. But usually will a swap increase insurance since it increases the value of the car? Insurance doesn't cover the engine "breaking". If you decide not to disclose it to the insurance company and you get in an accident, they can either void your policy and give you nothing, or they can give you what the car is worth "stock". If you tell them, and the insurance goes up $5/mth you're fully covered and have no issues if you are in an accident. BUT, if you tell them, they might decide NOT to cover you in the first place. You can always call them and not tell them your name, then just ask if they would insure your type of car, and if so, what the raised price would be, if any. By the way, the insurance would go up, not because it makes the car worth more, but because it's now a higher risk for theft and because it's faster, accidents. If you're under 25, there's more risk of you being immature and street racing with it, etc. Get it? The car isn't worth more, but more risk is associated with insuring the car. No, I don't think they know yet. He just got the inspection (not too much rust, no broken windows or existing damage, etc). The mechanic that did the report might have disclosed it, but he might not have. I think he is doing you a favour and not disclosing the fact that you have swapped in a B16. Most likely you will be cancelled with Bel-Air judging by what has happened to other people that have ran into issues with them. If your lucky they might allow it as a B16 was available in your chassis. the engine wont effect your ins, i have belair, and i have a zc vtec in my 95 cx and the inspector said the same thing "that isn't stock." my insurance never went up. i'm 19, g2 and still only pay 200 a month.<\|endoftext\|>Paraphrasing of copyrighted material may, under certain circumstances, constitute copyright infringement. In most countries that have national copyright laws, copyright applies to the original expression in a work rather than to the meanings or ideas being expressed. Whether a paraphrase is an infringement of expression, or a permissible restatement of an idea, is not a binary question but a matter of degree. Copyright law in common law countries tries to avoid theoretical discussion of the nature of ideas and expression such as this, taking a more pragmatic view of what is called the idea/expression dichotomy. The acceptable degree of difference between a prior work and a paraphrase depends on a variety of factors and ultimately depends on the judgement of the court in each individual case. In Germany An early example of the concept of paraphrasing as a copyright issue arose with Johann Heinrich Zedler's application in 1730 for copyright protection in Saxony for his Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon, one of the first encyclopedias. The publisher of a rival General Historical Lexicon said that Zedler's Universal Lexicon would not differ in content from this and other existing lexicons apart from paraphrasing. On 16 October 1730, the Upper Consistory court in Dresden rejected Zedler's request, and warned that he would be subject to confiscation and a fine if he reproduced any material from the General Historical Lexicon in his Universal Lexicon. In the Soviet Union The Soviet Union's Copyright Act of 1925 in essence said that a work created by a minimal paraphrase of an existing text could be considered a new work eligible for copyright. By 1991, the Copyright law of the Soviet Union had evolved to give much more protection to the author. Free use, similar to the English common law concept of fair use, was only allowed if it did not infringe upon the normal exploitation of the work or the legitimate interests of the author. In the United States United States copyright law protects original expressions but not facts, methods, discoveries, or other ideas being expressed, a doctrine known as the idea–expression distinction. Despite making this distinction, verbatim copying is not always required for copyright infringement, as paraphrasing is also prohibited in certain circumstances. US copyright law originates in the Copyright Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8) of the Constitution, and has been the subject of several federal statutes, most recently the Copyright Act of 1976. The basic two-part test for copyright infringement under the 1976 Act, described by the US Supreme Court in Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co., is (1) whether there is a valid copyright, and (2) whether there has been improper copying of the copyrighted work. The second prong also has a two-part test, first articulated in the Second Circuit case Arnstein v. Porter: (a) whether copying occurred (as opposed to independent creation), and (b) whether the copying amounts to an "	redpajama	[ 7058, 17643, 2714, 3013, 275, 253, 8869, 273, 27846, 2600, 323, 2675, 3420, 275, 253, 1027, 21453, 841, 13498, 2430, 15, 2896, 23265, 22753, 776, 3640, 275, 253, 41174, 729, 261, 780, 15269, 285, 970, 271, 25537, 2746, 281, 5511, 8130, 13, 359, 452, 9288, 253, 5657, 281, 11435, 285, 6303, 253, 2544, 326, 452, 39278, 689, 3227, 8263, 253, 1039, 359, 21409, 1491, 15, 187, 14569, 13, 347, 973, 347, 6153, 10556, 285, 7963, 13, 359, 671, 2085, 11088, 2199, 12925, 281, 8591, 634, 2600, 275, 1386, 342, 634, 5511, 5700, 13, 432, 5697, 987, 949, 281, 18051, 15, 187, 510, 45200, 285, 10995, 8113, 13, 2341, 13, 16038, 285, 9908, 326, 452, 8877, 441, 432, 253, 1265, 403, 1335, 776, 6459, 4757, 3063, 15, 50279, 510, 9902, 90, 13, 3644, 285, 19796, 8467, 275, 436, 2460, 25264, 479, 273, 3599, 13729, 1940, 434, 1859, 273, 23860, 29091, 15, 831, 35240, 2120, 12423, 37422, 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improper appropriation", meaning that enough of the author's protected expression (and not unprotected ideas) was copied to give rise to a "substantial similarity" between the original work and the putative copy. Even if all prongs are met, there are fair use defenses that may defeat a claim of copyright infringement. Beyond these basics, US copyright law is complex, confusing, and inconsistent, with a variety of tests employed by courts to determine when copyright has been infringed, including by paraphrasing. There is no single rule that defines when two works are substantially similar, or when paraphrasing is so "close" as to constitute infringement of a copyrighted expression as opposed to being a different way of expressing the same idea. There is a circuit split among the twelve federal appeals courts on substantial similarity analysis, with each circuit employing overlapping but unique approaches. Decisions are, by necessity, made on a case-by-case basis, with few universally-applicable principles. Factual v. fictional works When examining claims of copyright infringement, including by paraphrasing, US copyright law distinguishes between works of fiction (e.g., a novel) and works of fact (e.g, a history book or a set of instructions). Copyright protection for factual works is narrow, covering the author's original expressions, but not the facts or theories being expressed. In order to infringe, the copy must be "verbatim reproduction or very close paraphrasing". Different courts adopt different approaches to analyzing whether paraphrasing in factual works constitutes infringement. Some courts have held that some factual works, particularly functional works such as instructions, lack the creativity required to meet the threshold of originality, and thus there can be no valid copyright under the first Feist prong. Other courts follow the "merger doctrine". Under the merger doctrine, if there are only a limited number of ways in which an idea can be expressed, the expression is said to have "merged" with the idea, and thus there can be no valid copyright under the 1976 Act. Some courts employ "thin copyright", finding that there is a valid copyright of factual works, but that it is afforded only limited protection against "virtual identicality" or "bodily appropriation of copyrighted expression", thus permitting paraphrasing that might be prohibited in other circumstances. Finally, some courts find that all prongs of the Feist and Arnstein tests are met, but that the copying is nevertheless permitted under the fair use doctrine. Fair use analysis includes multiple factors, one of which is the "nature of the copyright work," and some courts find that factual works provide greater leeway for fair use than fictional works. Nonfiction literary works, such as history books, newspaper articles, and biographies, are treated as factual works with similarly narrow copyright protection. An author's unique expressions are protected, but not the facts and theories themselves. Even the selection and arrangement of facts may not be protectable. For example, an author may arrange a series of facts to support a theory for why a historical event occurred, but if the author could prevent others from using the same selection and arrangement of facts, the author would have an effective monopoly on the theory itself, which would run counter to US copyright law's prohibition on copyrighting ideas. For fictional works, more than "very close paraphrasing" is protected. US copyright law protects against paraphrasing a story by, for example, copying a detailed plot sequence but using different language for the dialogue. However, under the doctrine of "scènes à faire", it does not protect more general patterns, such as story themes and character prototypes. Some courts will distinguish between "literal" similarities, such as verbatim duplication or paraphrasing, and "nonliteral similarities", such as the details of a novel's plot, characters, or settings. In his 2008 book Copyright's Paradox, discussing the conflict between protecting copyright and protecting free speech, Neil Netanel says, "Yeats [borrowed] from Shelley; Kafka from Kleist and Dickens; Joyce from Homer; and T.S. Eliot from Shakespeare, Whitman and Baudelaire, all in ways that would infringe today's bloated copyright." In music Paraphrase may apply to music as well as to writing. It was commonplace for Baroque, Classical and Romantic composers to create variations on each other's work without permission. This would not be allowed today. See also Article spinning, in which paraphrasing is automated for search engine optimization, copyright evasion, or both References Sources Further reading Intellectual property law Legal doctrines and principles<\|endoftext\|>import os import socket import sys import uuid import eventlet import mock from oslo.config import cfg import testtools from quantum.agent.common import config from quantum.agent import dhcp_agent from quantum.agent.dhcp_agent import DhcpAgentWithStateReport from quantum.agent.linux import dhcp from quantum.agent.linux import interface from quantum.common import constants from quantum.common import exceptions from quantum.openstack.common import jsonutils from quantum.tests import base ROOTDIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)) ETCDIR = os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'etc') HOSTNAME = 'hostname' def etcdir(p): return os.path.join(ETCDIR, p) class FakeModel: def __init__(self, id_, **kwargs): self.id = id_ self.__dict__.update(kwargs) def __str__(self): return str(self.__dict__) fake_subnet1 = FakeModel('bbbbbbbb-bbbb-bbbb-bbbbbbbbbbbb', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', cidr='172.9.9.0/24', enable_dhcp=True) fake_subnet2 = FakeModel('dddddddd-dddd-dddd-dddddddddddd', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', cidr='172.9.9.0/24', enable_dhcp=False) fake_subnet3 = FakeModel('bbbbbbbb-1111-2222-bbbbbbbbbbbb', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', cidr='192.168.1.1/24', enable_dhcp=True) fake_meta_subnet = FakeModel('bbbbbbbb-1111-2222-bbbbbbbbbbbb', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', cidr='169.254.169.252/30', gateway_ip='169.254.169.253', enable_dhcp=True) fake_fixed_ip = FakeModel('', subnet=fake_subnet1, ip_address='172.9.9.9') fake_meta_fixed_ip = FakeModel('', subnet=fake_meta_subnet, ip_address='169.254.169.254') fake_port1 = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', fixed_ips=[fake_fixed_ip]) fake_port2 = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-123456789000', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:99', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab') fake_meta_port = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', device_owner=constants.DEVICE_OWNER_ROUTER_INTF, device_id='forzanapoli', fixed_ips=[fake_meta_fixed_ip]) fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=True, subnets=[fake_subnet1, fake_subnet2], ports=[fake_port1]) fake_meta_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=True, subnets=[fake_meta_subnet], ports=[fake_meta_port]) fake_down_network = FakeModel('12345678-dddd-dddd-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=False, subnets=[], ports=[	redpajama	[ 303, 30976, 3991, 318, 995, 4495, 326, 2217, 273, 253, 2488, 434, 6885, 2048, 313, 395, 417, 440, 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]) class TestDhcpAgent(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDhcpAgent, self).setUp() cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DeviceManager.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay.OPTS) cfg.CONF.set_override('interface_driver', 'quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') self.driver_cls_p = mock.patch( 'quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.importutils.import_class') self.driver = mock.Mock(name='driver') self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.return_value = [] self.driver_cls = self.driver_cls_p.start() self.driver_cls.return_value = self.driver def tearDown(self): self.driver_cls_p.stop() cfg.CONF.reset() super(TestDhcpAgent, self).tearDown() def test_dhcp_agent_manager(self): state_rpc_str = 'quantum.agent.rpc.PluginReportStateAPI' lease_relay_str = 'quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay' with mock.patch.object(DhcpAgentWithStateReport, 'sync_state', autospec=True) as mock_sync_state: with mock.patch.object(DhcpAgentWithStateReport, 'periodic_resync', autospec=True) as mock_periodic_resync: with mock.patch(state_rpc_str) as state_rpc: with mock.patch(lease_relay_str) as mock_lease_relay: with mock.patch.object(sys, 'argv') as sys_argv: sys_argv.return_value = [ 'dhcp', '--config-file', etcdir('quantum.conf.test')] cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent.OPTS) config.register_agent_state_opts_helper(cfg.CONF) config.register_root_helper(cfg.CONF) cfg.CONF.register_opts( dhcp_agent.DeviceManager.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts( dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(interface.OPTS) cfg.CONF(project='quantum') agent_mgr = DhcpAgentWithStateReport('testhost') eventlet.greenthread.sleep(1) agent_mgr.after_start() mock_sync_state.assert_called_once_with(agent_mgr) mock_periodic_resync.assert_called_once_with( agent_mgr) state_rpc.assert_has_calls( [mock.call(mock.ANY), mock.call().report_state(mock.ANY, mock.ANY)]) mock_lease_relay.assert_has_calls( [mock.call(mock.ANY), mock.call().start()]) def test_dhcp_agent_main_agent_manager(self): logging_str = 'quantum.agent.common.config.setup_logging' launcher_str = 'quantum.openstack.common.service.ServiceLauncher' with mock.patch(logging_str): with mock.patch.object(sys, 'argv') as sys_argv: with mock.patch(launcher_str) as launcher: sys_argv.return_value = ['dhcp', '--config-file', etcdir('quantum.conf.test')] dhcp_agent.main() launcher.assert_has_calls( [mock.call(), mock.call().launch_service(mock.ANY), mock.call().wait()]) def test_run_completes_single_pass(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) attrs_to_mock = dict( [(a, mock.DEFAULT) for a in ['sync_state', 'lease_relay', 'periodic_resync']]) with mock.patch.multiple(dhcp, **attrs_to_mock) as mocks: dhcp.run() mocks['sync_state'].assert_called_once_with() mocks['periodic_resync'].assert_called_once_with() mocks['lease_relay'].assert_has_mock_calls( [mock.call.start()]) def test_ns_name(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: mock_net = mock.Mock(id='foo') dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.assertEqual(dhcp._ns_name(mock_net), 'qdhcp-foo') def test_ns_name_disabled_namespace(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: cfg.CONF.set_override('use_namespaces', False) mock_net = mock.Mock(id='foo') dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.assertIsNone(dhcp._ns_name(mock_net)) def test_call_driver(self): network = mock.Mock() network.id = '1' with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(cfg.CONF) self.assertTrue(dhcp.call_driver('foo', network)) self.assertTrue(dev_mgr.called) self.driver.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF, mock.ANY, 'sudo', mock.ANY, 'qdhcp-1', mock.ANY) def test_call_driver_failure(self): network = mock.Mock() network.id = '1' self.driver.return_value.foo.side_effect = Exception with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.assertIsNone(dhcp.call_driver('foo', network)) self.assertTrue(dev_mgr.called) self.driver.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF, mock.ANY, 'sudo', mock.ANY, 'qdhcp-1', mock.ANY) self.assertEqual(log.call_count, 1) self.assertTrue(dhcp.needs_resync) def test_update_lease(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') as plug: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) dhcp.update_lease('net_id', '192.168.1.1', 120) plug.assert_has_calls( [mock.call().update_lease_expiration( 'net_id', '192.168.1.1', 120)]) def test_update_lease_failure(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') as plug: plug.return_value.update_lease_expiration.side_effect = Exception with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: dhcp = 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(HOSTNAME) dhcp.update_lease('net_id', '192.168.1.1', 120) plug.assert_has_calls( [mock.call().update_lease_expiration( 'net_id', '192.168.1.1', 120)]) self.assertTrue(log.called) self.assertTrue(dhcp.needs_resync) def _test_sync_state_helper(self, known_networks, active_networks): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') as plug: mock_plugin = mock.Mock() mock_plugin.get_active_networks.return_value = active_networks plug.return_value = mock_plugin dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) attrs_to_mock = dict( [(a, mock.DEFAULT) for a in ['refresh_dhcp_helper', 'disable_dhcp_helper', 'cache']]) with mock.patch.multiple(dhcp, **attrs_to_mock) as mocks: mocks['cache'].get_network_ids.return_value = known_networks dhcp.sync_state() exp_refresh = [ mock.call(net_id) for net_id in active_networks] diff = set(known_networks) - set(active_networks) exp_disable = [mock.call(net_id) for net_id in diff] mocks['cache'].assert_has_calls([mock.call.get_network_ids()]) mocks['refresh_dhcp_helper'].assert_has_called(exp_refresh) mocks['disable_dhcp_helper'].assert_has_called(exp_disable) def test_sync_state_initial(self): self._test_sync_state_helper([], ['a']) def test_sync_state_same(self): self._test_sync_state_helper(['a'], ['a']) def test_sync_state_disabled_net(self): self._test_sync_state_helper(['b'], ['a']) def test_sync_state_plugin_error(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') as plug: mock_plugin = mock.Mock() mock_plugin.get_active_networks.side_effect = Exception plug.return_value = mock_plugin with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) dhcp.sync_state() self.assertTrue(log.called) self.assertTrue(dhcp.needs_resync) def test_periodic_resync(self): dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.eventlet,'spawn') as spawn: dhcp.periodic_resync() spawn.assert_called_once_with(dhcp._periodic_resync_helper) def test_periodoc_resync_helper(self): with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.eventlet,'sleep') as sleep: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) dhcp.needs_resync = True with mock.patch.object(dhcp,'sync_state') as sync_state: sync_state.side_effect = RuntimeError with testtools.ExpectedException(RuntimeError): dhcp._periodic_resync_helper() sync_state.assert_called_once_with() sleep.assert_called_once_with(dhcp.conf.resync_interval) self.assertFalse(dhcp.needs_resync) def test_populate_cache_on_start_without_active_networks_support(self): # emul dhcp driver that doesn't support retrieving of active networks self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.side_effect = NotImplementedError with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'debug') as log: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.assert_called_once_with( dhcp.conf, cfg.CONF.root_helper ) self.assertFalse(dhcp.cache.get_network_ids()) self.assertTrue(log.called) def test_populate_cache_on_start(self): networks = ['aaa', 'bbb'] self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.return_value = networks dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.assert_called_once_with( dhcp.conf, cfg.CONF.root_helper ) self.assertEquals(set(networks), set(dhcp.cache.get_network_ids())) class TestLogArgs(base.BaseTestCase): def test_log_args_without_log_dir_and_file(self): conf_dict = {'debug': True, 'verbose': False, 'log_dir': None, 'log_file': None} conf = dhcp_agent.DictModel(conf_dict) expected_args = ['--debug'] args = config.get_log_args(conf, 'log_file_name') self.assertEqual(expected_args, args) def test_log_args_without_log_file(self): conf_dict = {'debug': True, 'verbose': True, 'log_dir': '/etc/tests', 'log_file': None} conf = dhcp_agent.DictModel(conf_dict) expected_args = ['--debug', '--verbose', '--log-file=log_file_name', '--log-dir=/etc/tests'] args = config.get_log_args(conf, 'log_file_name') self.assertEqual(expected_args, args) def test_log_args_with_log_dir_and_file(self): conf_dict = {'debug': True, 'verbose': False, 'log_dir': '/etc/tests', 'log_file': 'tests/filelog'} conf = dhcp_agent.DictModel(conf_dict) expected_args = ['--debug', '--log-file=log_file_name', '--log-dir=/etc/tests/tests'] args = config.get_log_args(conf, 'log_file_name') self.assertEqual(expected_args, args) def test_log_args_without_log_dir(self): conf_dict = {'debug': True, 'verbose': False, 'log_file': 'tests/filelog', 'log_dir': None} conf = dhcp_agent.DictModel(conf_dict) expected_args = ['--debug', '--log-file=log_file_name', '--log-dir=tests'] args = config.get_log_args(conf, 'log_file_name') self.assertEqual(expected_args, args) class TestDhcpAgentEventHandler(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDhcpAgentEventHandler, self).setUp() cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DeviceManager.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp.OPTS) cfg.CONF.set_override('interface_driver', 'quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') 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_value = self.plugin self.cache_p = mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.NetworkCache') cache_cls = self.cache_p.start() self.cache = mock.Mock() cache_cls.return_value = self.cache self.dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.call_driver_p = mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'call_driver') self.call_driver = self.call_driver_p.start() self.external_process_p = mock.patch( 'quantum.agent.linux.external_process.ProcessManager' ) self.external_process = self.external_process_p.start() def tearDown(self): self.external_process_p.stop() self.call_driver_p.stop() self.cache_p.stop() self.plugin_p.stop() cfg.CONF.reset() super(TestDhcpAgentEventHandler, self).tearDown() def _enable_dhcp_helper(self, isolated_metadata=False): if isolated_metadata: cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_isolated_metadata', True) self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.enable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_info(fake_network.id)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('enable', fake_network) self.cache.assert_has_calls([mock.call.put(fake_network)]) if isolated_metadata: self.external_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().enable(mock.ANY) ]) else: self.assertFalse(self.external_process.call_count) def test_enable_dhcp_helper_enable_isolated_metadata(self): self._enable_dhcp_helper(isolated_metadata=True) def test_enable_dhcp_helper(self): self._enable_dhcp_helper() def test_enable_dhcp_helper_down_network(self): self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_down_network self.dhcp.enable_dhcp_helper(fake_down_network.id) self.plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_info(fake_down_network.id)]) self.assertFalse(self.call_driver.called) self.assertFalse(self.cache.called) self.assertFalse(self.external_process.called) def test_enable_dhcp_helper_exception_during_rpc(self): self.plugin.get_network_info.side_effect = Exception with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: self.dhcp.enable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_info(fake_network.id)]) self.assertFalse(self.call_driver.called) self.assertTrue(log.called) self.assertTrue(self.dhcp.needs_resync) self.assertFalse(self.cache.called) self.assertFalse(self.external_process.called) def test_enable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure(self): self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_network self.call_driver.return_value = False self.dhcp.enable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_info(fake_network.id)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('enable', fake_network) self.assertFalse(self.cache.called) self.assertFalse(self.external_process.called) def _disable_dhcp_helper_known_network(self, isolated_metadata=False): if isolated_metadata: cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_isolated_metadata', True) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.disable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('disable', fake_network) if isolated_metadata: self.external_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().disable() ]) else: self.assertFalse(self.external_process.call_count) def test_disable_dhcp_helper_known_network_isolated_metadata(self): self._disable_dhcp_helper_known_network(isolated_metadata=True) def test_disable_dhcp_helper_known_network(self): self._disable_dhcp_helper_known_network() def test_disable_dhcp_helper_unknown_network(self): self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = None self.dhcp.disable_dhcp_helper('abcdef') self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id('abcdef')]) self.assertEqual(0, self.call_driver.call_count) self.assertFalse(self.external_process.called) def _disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure(self, isolated_metadata=False): if isolated_metadata: cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_isolated_metadata', True) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.call_driver.return_value = False self.dhcp.disable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('disable', fake_network) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id)]) if isolated_metadata: self.external_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().disable() ]) else: self.assertFalse(self.external_process.call_count) def test_disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure_isolated_metadata(self): self._disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure(isolated_metadata=True) def test_disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure(self): self._disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure() def test_enable_isolated_metadata_proxy(self): class_path = 'quantum.agent.linux.external_process.ProcessManager' with mock.patch(class_path) as ext_process: self.dhcp.enable_isolated_metadata_proxy(fake_network) ext_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().	redpajama	[ 64, 2877, 426, 1881, 15, 16895, 535, 50270, 1286, 15, 12985, 64, 81, 426, 13031, 15, 20559, 2073, 46320, 15, 12788, 15, 20402, 7693, 64, 12788, 15, 19824, 15554, 3401, 187, 50270, 12985, 64, 40087, 426, 1881, 15, 12985, 64, 81, 15, 5478, 1082, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 12985, 426, 13031, 15, 25041, 1082, 187, 50270, 12985, 64, 40087, 15, 2309, 64, 2877, 426, 1881, 15, 12985, 535, 50270, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 426, 42158, 7693, 64, 12788, 15, 37, 73, 7693, 28172, 9, 31621, 9536, 10, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 4065, 64, 17440, 64, 81, 426, 13031, 15, 20559, 15, 6082, 9, 1286, 15, 20402, 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2309, 64, 2877, 426, 15223, 64, 18428, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 4065, 64, 17440, 15, 2309, 64, 2877, 426, 16708, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 15, 25902, 64, 20402, 7693, 64, 28316, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 10, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 12985, 15, 8271, 64, 7110, 64, 4065, 84, 9, 187, 50266, 60, 24568, 15, 4065, 15, 788, 64, 18428, 64, 1615, 64, 301, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 10, 3291, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 4065, 64, 17440, 15, 8271, 64, 8890, 64, 19131, 64, 3113, 2073, 25902, 1383, 15223, 64, 18428, 10, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 12985, 15, 8271, 64, 7110, 64, 4065, 84, 9, 187, 50266, 60, 24568, 15, 4065, 15, 788, 64, 18428, 64, 1615, 64, 301, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 10, 3291, 187, 50270, 338, 7011, 64, 21552, 27, 187, 50266, 1286, 15, 22108, 64, 7404, 15, 8271, 64, 7110, 64, 4065, 84, 8850, 187, 50262, 24568, 15, 4065, 9, 187, 50258, 22181, 15, 44286, 13, 187, 50258, 8, 42594, 25025, 14, 28941, 14, 22, 25025, 14, 42594, 25025, 2270, 357, 1383, 187, 50258, 434, 16469, 1383, 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27, 187, 50266, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 15, 14760, 64, 18762, 456, 64, 21552, 64, 26520, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 10, 187, 50266, 2068, 64, 7404, 15, 8271, 64, 7110, 64, 4065, 84, 8850, 187, 50262, 24568, 15, 4065, 9, 187, 50258, 22181, 15, 44286, 13, 187, 50258, 8, 42594, 25025, 14, 28941, 14, 22, 25025, 14, 42594, 25025, 2270, 357, 1383, 187, 50258, 434, 16469, 1383, 187, 50258, 8, 82, 20402, 7693, 14, 42594, 25025, 14, 28941, 14, 22, 25025, 14, 42594, 25025, 2270, 357, 11470, 187, 50262, 24568, 15, 4065, 5023 ]
enable(mock.ANY) ]) def test_disable_isolated_metadata_proxy(self): class_path = 'quantum.agent.linux.external_process.ProcessManager' with mock.patch(class_path) as ext_process: self.dhcp.disable_isolated_metadata_proxy(fake_network) ext_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().disable() ]) def test_enable_isolated_metadata_proxy_with_metadata_network(self): cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_metadata_network', True) cfg.CONF.set_override('debug', True) cfg.CONF.set_override('log_file', 'test.log') class_path = 'quantum.agent.linux.ip_lib.IPWrapper' self.external_process_p.stop() # Ensure the mock is restored if this test fail try: with mock.patch(class_path) as ip_wrapper: self.dhcp.enable_isolated_metadata_proxy(fake_meta_network) ip_wrapper.assert_has_calls([mock.call( 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().netns.execute([ 'quantum-ns-metadata-proxy', mock.ANY, '--router_id=forzanapoli', mock.ANY, mock.ANY, '--debug', ('--log-file=quantum-ns-metadata-proxy%s.log' % fake_meta_network.id)]) ]) finally: self.external_process_p.start() def test_network_create_end(self): payload = dict(network=dict(id=fake_network.id)) with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'enable_dhcp_helper') as enable: self.dhcp.network_create_end(None, payload) enable.assertCalledOnceWith(fake_network.id) def test_network_update_end_admin_state_up(self): payload = dict(network=dict(id=fake_network.id, admin_state_up=True)) with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'enable_dhcp_helper') as enable: self.dhcp.network_update_end(None, payload) enable.assertCalledOnceWith(fake_network.id) def test_network_update_end_admin_state_down(self): payload = dict(network=dict(id=fake_network.id, admin_state_up=False)) with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'disable_dhcp_helper') as disable: self.dhcp.network_update_end(None, payload) disable.assertCalledOnceWith(fake_network.id) def test_network_delete_end(self): payload = dict(network_id=fake_network.id) with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'disable_dhcp_helper') as disable: self.dhcp.network_delete_end(None, payload) disable.assertCalledOnceWith(fake_network.id) def test_refresh_dhcp_helper_no_dhcp_enabled_networks(self): network = FakeModel('net-id', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=True, subnets=[], ports=[]) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = network self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = network with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'disable_dhcp_helper') as disable: self.dhcp.refresh_dhcp_helper(network.id) disable.called_once_with_args(network.id) self.assertFalse(self.cache.called) self.assertFalse(self.call_driver.called) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id('net-id')]) def test_refresh_dhcp_helper_exception_during_rpc(self): network = FakeModel('net-id', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=True, subnets=[], ports=[]) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = network self.plugin.get_network_info.side_effect = Exception with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: self.dhcp.refresh_dhcp_helper(network.id) self.assertFalse(self.call_driver.called) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id('net-id')]) self.assertTrue(log.called) self.assertTrue(self.dhcp.needs_resync) def test_subnet_update_end(self): payload = dict(subnet=dict(network_id=fake_network.id)) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.subnet_update_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls([mock.call.put(fake_network)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('reload_allocations', fake_network) def test_subnet_update_end_restart(self): new_state = FakeModel(fake_network.id, tenant_id=fake_network.tenant_id, admin_state_up=True, subnets=[fake_subnet1, fake_subnet3], ports=[fake_port1]) payload = dict(subnet=dict(network_id=fake_network.id)) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = new_state self.dhcp.subnet_update_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls([mock.call.put(new_state)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('restart', new_state) def test_subnet_update_end_delete_payload(self): prev_state = FakeModel(fake_network.id, tenant_id=fake_network.tenant_id, admin_state_up=True, subnets=[fake_subnet1, fake_subnet3], ports=[fake_port1]) payload = dict(subnet_id=fake_subnet1.id) self.cache.get_network_by_subnet_id.return_value = prev_state self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = prev_state self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.subnet_delete_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls([ mock.call.get_network_by_subnet_id( 'bbbbbbbb-bbbb-bbbb-bbbbbbbbbbbb'), mock.call.get_network_by_id('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call.put(fake_network)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('restart', fake_network) def test_port_update_end(self): payload = dict(port=vars(fake_port2)) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.port_update_end(None, payload)	redpajama	[ 14760, 9, 24568, 15, 22026, 10, 187, 50266, 3291, 535, 50274, 1545, 1071, 64, 25902, 64, 18762, 456, 64, 21552, 64, 26520, 9, 1286, 2262, 187, 50270, 2437, 64, 3967, 426, 686, 46320, 15, 12788, 15, 13217, 15, 22108, 64, 7404, 15, 12919, 8224, 8, 187, 50270, 3113, 13031, 15, 20559, 9, 2437, 64, 3967, 10, 347, 1021, 64, 7404, 27, 187, 50266, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 15, 25902, 64, 18762, 456, 64, 21552, 64, 26520, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 10, 187, 50266, 2068, 64, 7404, 15, 8271, 64, 7110, 64, 4065, 84, 8850, 187, 50262, 24568, 15, 4065, 9, 187, 50258, 22181, 15, 44286, 13, 187, 50258, 8, 42594, 25025, 14, 28941, 14, 22, 25025, 14, 42594, 25025, 2270, 357, 1383, 187, 50258, 434, 16469, 1383, 187, 50258, 8, 82, 20402, 7693, 14, 42594, 25025, 14, 28941, 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18428, 30, 8102, 9, 301, 30, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 13, 14991, 64, 3409, 64, 484, 30, 5653, 1228, 187, 50270, 3113, 13031, 15, 20559, 15, 6082, 9, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 13, 686, 25902, 64, 20402, 7693, 64, 28316, 3401, 347, 19495, 27, 187, 50266, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 15, 18428, 64, 11183, 64, 423, 9, 11336, 13, 24098, 10, 187, 50266, 25902, 15, 8271, 7865, 264, 10758, 3378, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 10, 535, 50274, 1545, 1071, 64, 18428, 64, 16435, 64, 423, 9, 1286, 2262, 187, 50270, 35704, 426, 10886, 9, 18428, 64, 301, 30, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 10, 535, 50270, 3113, 13031, 15, 20559, 15, 6082, 9, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 13, 686, 25902, 64, 20402, 7693, 64, 28316, 3401, 347, 19495, 27, 187, 50266, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 15, 18428, 64, 16435, 64, 423, 9, 11336, 13, 24098, 10, 187, 50266, 25902, 15, 8271, 7865, 264, 10758, 3378, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 10, 535, 50274, 1545, 1071, 64, 38664, 64, 20402, 7693, 64, 28316, 64, 2369, 64, 20402, 7693, 64, 22331, 64, 3024, 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15, 12985, 15, 8271, 64, 7110, 64, 4065, 84, 9, 187, 50262, 60, 24568, 15, 4065, 15, 788, 64, 18428, 64, 1615, 64, 301, 2073, 3024, 14, 301, 3401, 3291, 535, 50274, 1545, 1071, 64, 38664, 64, 20402, 7693, 64, 28316, 64, 22558, 64, 32674, 64, 44683, 9, 1286, 2262, 187, 50270, 18428, 426, 401, 640, 7104, 2073, 3024, 14, 301, 1383, 187, 50254, 50274, 1866, 386, 64, 301, 5473, 49642, 14, 23342, 14, 23342, 14, 49642, 23342, 1383, 187, 50254, 50274, 15787, 64, 3409, 64, 484, 30, 5088, 13, 187, 50254, 50274, 2377, 47301, 20879, 1092, 187, 50254, 50274, 4124, 20879, 3291, 535, 50270, 1286, 15, 12985, 15, 788, 64, 18428, 64, 1615, 64, 301, 15, 2309, 64, 2877, 426, 2990, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 16895, 15, 788, 64, 18428, 64, 5374, 15, 2189, 64, 8222, 426, 19563, 187, 50270, 3113, 13031, 15, 20559, 15, 6082, 9, 20402, 7693, 64, 12788, 15, 21273, 13, 686, 22558, 3401, 347, 2412, 27, 187, 50266, 1286, 15, 20402, 7693, 15, 38664, 64, 20402, 7693, 64, 28316, 9, 18428, 15, 301, 10, 187, 50266, 1286, 15, 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self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_port2.network_id), mock.call.put_port(mock.ANY)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('reload_allocations', fake_network) def test_port_delete_end(self): payload = dict(port_id=fake_port2.id) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.cache.get_port_by_id.return_value = fake_port2 self.dhcp.port_delete_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_port_by_id(fake_port2.id), mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id), mock.call.remove_port(fake_port2)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('reload_allocations', fake_network) def test_port_delete_end_unknown_port(self): payload = dict(port_id='unknown') self.cache.get_port_by_id.return_value = None self.dhcp.port_delete_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls([mock.call.get_port_by_id('unknown')]) self.assertEqual(self.call_driver.call_count, 0) class TestDhcpPluginApiProxy(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDhcpPluginApiProxy, self).setUp() self.proxy = dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi('foo', {}) self.proxy.host = 'foo' self.call_p = mock.patch.object(self.proxy, 'call') self.call = self.call_p.start() self.make_msg_p = mock.patch.object(self.proxy,'make_msg') self.make_msg = self.make_msg_p.start() def tearDown(self): self.make_msg_p.stop() self.call_p.stop() super(TestDhcpPluginApiProxy, self).tearDown() def test_get_active_networks(self): self.proxy.get_active_networks() self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('get_active_networks', host='foo') def test_get_network_info(self): self.call.return_value = dict(a=1) retval = self.proxy.get_network_info('netid') self.assertEqual(retval.a, 1) self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('get_network_info', network_id='netid', host='foo') def test_get_dhcp_port(self): self.call.return_value = dict(a=1) retval = self.proxy.get_dhcp_port('netid', 'devid') self.assertEqual(retval.a, 1) self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('get_dhcp_port', network_id='netid', device_id='devid', host='foo') def test_release_dhcp_port(self): self.proxy.release_dhcp_port('netid', 'devid') self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('release_dhcp_port', network_id='netid', device_id='devid', host='foo') def test_release_port_fixed_ip(self): self.proxy.release_port_fixed_ip('netid', 'devid','subid') self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('release_port_fixed_ip', network_id='netid', subnet_id='subid', device_id='devid', host='foo') def test_update_lease_expiration(self): with mock.patch.object(self.proxy, 'cast') as mock_cast: self.proxy.update_lease_expiration('netid', 'ipaddr', 1) self.assertTrue(mock_cast.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('update_lease_expiration', network_id='netid', ip_address='ipaddr', lease_remaining=1, host='foo') class TestNetworkCache(base.BaseTestCase): def test_put_network(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.cache, {fake_network.id: fake_network}) self.assertEqual(nc.subnet_lookup, {fake_subnet1.id: fake_network.id, fake_subnet2.id: fake_network.id}) self.assertEqual(nc.port_lookup, {fake_port1.id: fake_network.id}) def test_put_network_existing(self): prev_network_info = mock.Mock() nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() with mock.patch.object(nc,'remove') as remove: nc.cache[fake_network.id] = prev_network_info nc.put(fake_network) remove.assert_called_once_with(prev_network_info) self.assertEqual(nc.cache, {fake_network.id: fake_network}) self.assertEqual(nc.subnet_lookup, {fake_subnet1.id: fake_network.id, fake_subnet2.id: fake_network.id}) self.assertEqual(nc.port_lookup, {fake_port1.id: fake_network.id}) def test_remove_network(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.cache = {fake_network.id: fake_network} nc.subnet_lookup = {fake_subnet1.id: fake_network.id, fake_subnet2.id: fake_network.id} nc.port_lookup = {fake_port1.id: fake_network.id} nc.remove(fake_network) self.assertEqual(len(nc.cache), 0) self.assertEqual(len(nc.subnet_lookup), 0) self.assertEqual(len(nc.port_lookup), 0) def test_get_network_by_id(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id), fake_network) def test_get_network_ids(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_network_ids(), [fake_network.id]) def test_get_network_by_subnet_id(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_network_by_subnet_id(fake_subnet1.id), fake_network) def test_get_network_by_port_id(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_network_by_port_id(fake_port1.id), fake_network) def test_put_port(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', subnets=[	redpajama	[ 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 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9068, 15, 2377, 3024, 64, 26178, 13, 187, 50254, 551, 39182, 64, 2377, 3024, 18, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 13, 187, 50254, 50276, 39182, 64, 2377, 3024, 19, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 2311, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 34046, 9, 9068, 15, 631, 64, 26178, 13, 187, 50254, 551, 39182, 64, 631, 18, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 2311, 535, 50274, 1545, 1071, 64, 1065, 64, 18428, 64, 20137, 9, 1286, 2262, 187, 50270, 22340, 64, 18428, 64, 5374, 426, 13031, 15, 25041, 1082, 187, 50270, 9068, 426, 42158, 7693, 64, 12788, 15, 19824, 15554, 1082, 187, 50270, 3113, 13031, 15, 20559, 15, 6082, 9, 9068, 13, 686, 12163, 3401, 347, 5386, 27, 187, 50266, 9068, 15, 12985, 60, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 62, 426, 1404, 64, 18428, 64, 5374, 535, 50266, 9068, 15, 1065, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 10, 187, 50266, 12163, 15, 8271, 64, 8890, 64, 19131, 64, 3113, 9, 22340, 64, 18428, 64, 5374, 10, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 34046, 9, 9068, 15, 12985, 13, 187, 50254, 551, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 2311, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 34046, 9, 9068, 15, 2377, 3024, 64, 26178, 13, 187, 50254, 551, 39182, 64, 2377, 3024, 18, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 13, 187, 50254, 50276, 39182, 64, 2377, 3024, 19, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 2311, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 34046, 9, 9068, 15, 631, 64, 26178, 13, 187, 50254, 551, 39182, 64, 631, 18, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 2311, 535, 50274, 1545, 1071, 64, 12163, 64, 18428, 9, 1286, 2262, 187, 50270, 9068, 426, 42158, 7693, 64, 12788, 15, 19824, 15554, 1082, 187, 50270, 9068, 15, 12985, 426, 551, 39182, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 94, 187, 50270, 9068, 15, 2377, 3024, 64, 26178, 426, 551, 39182, 64, 2377, 3024, 18, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 13, 187, 50254, 50274, 39182, 64, 2377, 3024, 19, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 94, 187, 50270, 9068, 15, 631, 64, 26178, 426, 551, 39182, 64, 631, 18, 15, 301, 27, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 301, 94, 187, 50270, 9068, 15, 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]
fake_subnet1], ports=[fake_port1]) nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) nc.put_port(fake_port2) self.assertEqual(len(nc.port_lookup), 2) self.assertIn(fake_port2, fake_network.ports) def test_put_port_existing(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', subnets=[fake_subnet1], ports=[fake_port1, fake_port2]) nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) nc.put_port(fake_port2) self.assertEqual(len(nc.port_lookup), 2) self.assertIn(fake_port2, fake_network.ports) def test_remove_port_existing(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', subnets=[fake_subnet1], ports=[fake_port1, fake_port2]) nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) nc.remove_port(fake_port2) self.assertEqual(len(nc.port_lookup), 1) self.assertNotIn(fake_port2, fake_network.ports) def test_get_port_by_id(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_port_by_id(fake_port1.id), fake_port1) class TestDeviceManager(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDeviceManager, self).setUp() cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DeviceManager.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent.OPTS) cfg.CONF.set_override('interface_driver', 'quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') config.register_root_helper(cfg.CONF) cfg.CONF.set_override('use_namespaces', True) cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_isolated_metadata', True) self.device_exists_p = mock.patch( 'quantum.agent.linux.ip_lib.device_exists') self.device_exists = self.device_exists_p.start() self.dvr_cls_p = mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') self.iproute_cls_p = mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.' 'ip_lib.IpRouteCommand') driver_cls = self.dvr_cls_p.start() iproute_cls = self.iproute_cls_p.start() self.mock_driver = mock.MagicMock() self.mock_driver.DEV_NAME_LEN = ( interface.LinuxInterfaceDriver.DEV_NAME_LEN) self.mock_iproute = mock.MagicMock() driver_cls.return_value = self.mock_driver iproute_cls.return_value = self.mock_iproute def tearDown(self): self.dvr_cls_p.stop() self.device_exists_p.stop() self.iproute_cls_p.stop() cfg.CONF.reset() super(TestDeviceManager, self).tearDown() def _test_setup_helper(self, device_exists, reuse_existing=False, net=None, port=None): net = net or fake_network port = port or fake_port1 plugin = mock.Mock() plugin.get_dhcp_port.return_value = port or fake_port1 self.device_exists.return_value = device_exists self.mock_driver.get_device_name.return_value = 'tap12345678-12' dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, plugin) interface_name = dh.setup(net, reuse_existing) self.assertEqual(interface_name, 'tap12345678-12') plugin.assert_has_calls([ mock.call.get_dhcp_port(net.id, mock.ANY)]) namespace = dhcp_agent.NS_PREFIX + net.id expected_ips = ['172.9.9.9/24', '169.254.169.254/16'] expected = [mock.call.init_l3('tap12345678-12', expected_ips, namespace=namespace)] if not reuse_existing: expected.insert(0, mock.call.plug(net.id, port.id, 'tap12345678-12', 'aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff', namespace=namespace)) self.mock_driver.assert_has_calls(expected) def test_setup(self): self._test_setup_helper(False) def test_setup_device_exists(self): with testtools.ExpectedException(exceptions.PreexistingDeviceFailure): self._test_setup_helper(True) def test_setup_device_exists_reuse(self): self._test_setup_helper(True, True) def test_destroy(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa') fake_port = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff') expected_driver_calls = [mock.call(cfg.CONF), mock.call().get_device_name(fake_network), mock.call().unplug('tap12345678-12')] with mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') as dvr_cls: mock_driver = mock.MagicMock() #mock_driver.DEV_NAME_LEN = ( # interface.LinuxInterfaceDriver.DEV_NAME_LEN) #mock_driver.port = fake_port mock_driver.get_device_name.return_value = 'tap12345678-12' dvr_cls.return_value = mock_driver plugin = mock.Mock() plugin.get_dhcp_port.return_value = fake_port dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, plugin) dh.destroy(fake_network, 'tap12345678-12') dvr_cls.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF) mock_driver.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.unplug('tap12345678-12', namespace='qdhcp-' + fake_network.id)]) plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.release_dhcp_port(fake_network.id, mock.ANY)]) def test_get_interface_name(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa') fake_port = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff') expected_driver_calls = [mock.call(cfg.CONF), mock.call().get_device_name(fake_network), mock.call().unplug('tap12345678-12')] with mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') as dvr_cls: mock_driver = mock.MagicMock() mock_driver.get_device_name.return_value = 'tap12345678-12' dvr_cls.return_value = mock_driver plugin = mock.Mock() plugin.get_dhcp_port.return_value = fake_port dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, plugin)	redpajama	[ 39182, 64, 2377, 3024, 18, 1092, 187, 50254, 50269, 4124, 20879, 39182, 64, 631, 18, 3291, 187, 50270, 9068, 426, 42158, 7693, 64, 12788, 15, 19824, 15554, 1082, 187, 50270, 9068, 15, 1065, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 10, 187, 50270, 9068, 15, 1065, 64, 631, 9, 39182, 64, 631, 19, 10, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 34046, 9, 5025, 9, 9068, 15, 631, 64, 26178, 582, 374, 10, 187, 50270, 1286, 15, 8271, 688, 9, 39182, 64, 631, 19, 13, 15223, 64, 18428, 15, 4124, 10, 535, 50274, 1545, 1071, 64, 1065, 64, 631, 64, 20137, 9, 1286, 2262, 187, 50270, 39182, 64, 18428, 426, 401, 640, 7104, 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dh.get_interface_name(fake_network, fake_port) dvr_cls.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF) mock_driver.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_device_name(fake_port)]) self.assertEqual(len(plugin.mock_calls), 0) def test_get_interface_name_no_port_provided(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa') fake_port = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff') expected_driver_calls = [mock.call(cfg.CONF), mock.call().get_device_name(fake_network), mock.call().unplug('tap12345678-12')] with mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') as dvr_cls: mock_driver = mock.MagicMock() mock_driver.get_device_name.return_value = 'tap12345678-12' dvr_cls.return_value = mock_driver plugin = mock.Mock() plugin.get_dhcp_port.return_value = fake_port dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, plugin) dh.get_interface_name(fake_network) dvr_cls.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF) mock_driver.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_device_name(fake_port)]) plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_dhcp_port(fake_network.id, mock.ANY)]) def test_get_device_id(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa') expected = ('dhcp1ae5f96c-c527-5079-82ea-371a01645457-12345678-1234-' '5678-1234567890ab') with mock.patch('socket.gethostbyname') as get_host: with mock.patch('uuid.uuid5') as uuid5: uuid5.return_value = '1ae5f96c-c527-5079-82ea-371a01645457' get_host.return_value = 'localhost' dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, None) uuid5.called_once_with(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'localhost') self.assertEqual(dh.get_device_id(fake_network), expected) class TestDhcpLeaseRelay(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDhcpLeaseRelay, self).setUp() cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay.OPTS) self.unlink_p = mock.patch('os.unlink') self.unlink = self.unlink_p.start() def tearDown(self): self.unlink_p.stop() super(TestDhcpLeaseRelay, self).tearDown() def test_init_relay_socket_path_no_prev_socket(self): with mock.patch('os.path.exists') as exists: exists.return_value = False self.unlink.side_effect = OSError relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(None) self.unlink.assert_called_once_with( cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) exists.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) def test_init_relay_socket_path_prev_socket_exists(self): with mock.patch('os.path.exists') as exists: exists.return_value = False relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(None) self.unlink.assert_called_once_with( cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) self.assertFalse(exists.called) def test_init_relay_socket_path_prev_socket_unlink_failure(self): self.unlink.side_effect = OSError with mock.patch('os.path.exists') as exists: exists.return_value = True with testtools.ExpectedException(OSError): relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(None) self.unlink.assert_called_once_with( cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) exists.assert_called_once_with( cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) def test_handler_valid_data(self): network_id = 'cccccccc-cccc-cccc-cccc-cccccccccccc' ip_address = '192.168.1.9' lease_remaining = 120 json_rep = jsonutils.dumps(dict(network_id=network_id, lease_remaining=lease_remaining, ip_address=ip_address)) handler = mock.Mock() mock_sock = mock.Mock() mock_sock.recv.return_value = json_rep relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(handler) relay._handler(mock_sock, mock.Mock()) mock_sock.assert_has_calls([mock.call.recv(1024), mock.call.close()]) handler.called_once_with(network_id, ip_address, lease_remaining) def test_handler_invalid_data(self): network_id = 'cccccccc-cccc-cccc-cccc-cccccccccccc' ip_address = '192.168.x.x' lease_remaining = 120 json_rep = jsonutils.dumps( dict(network_id=network_id, lease_remaining=lease_remaining, ip_address=ip_address)) handler = mock.Mock() mock_sock = mock.Mock() mock_sock.recv.return_value = json_rep relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(handler) with mock.patch('quantum.openstack.common.' 'uuidutils.is_uuid_like') as validate: validate.return_value = False with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'warn') as log: relay._handler(mock_sock, mock.Mock()) mock_sock.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.recv(1024), mock.call.close()]) self.assertFalse(handler.called) self.assertTrue(log.called) def test_handler_other_exception(self): network_id = 'cccccccc-cccc-cccc-cccc-cccccccccccc' ip_address = '192.168.x.x' lease_remaining = 120 json_rep = jsonutils.dumps( dict(network_id=network_id, lease_remaining=lease_remaining, ip_address=ip_address)) handler = mock.Mock() mock_sock = mock.Mock() mock_sock.recv.side_effect = Exception relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(handler) with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: relay._handler(mock_sock, mock.Mock()) mock_sock.assert_has_calls([mock.call.recv(1024)]) self.assertFalse(handler.called) self.assertTrue(log.called) def test_start(self): with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent, 'eventlet') as mock_eventlet: handler = mock.Mock() relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(handler) relay.start() mock_	redpajama	[ 187, 50266, 20402, 15, 788, 64, 15049, 64, 1590, 9, 39182, 64, 18428, 13, 15223, 64, 631, 10, 535, 50266, 69, 24987, 64, 40087, 15, 8271, 64, 8890, 64, 19131, 64, 3113, 9, 22181, 15, 44286, 10, 187, 50266, 24568, 64, 17440, 15, 8271, 64, 7110, 64, 4065, 84, 9, 187, 50262, 60, 24568, 15, 4065, 15, 788, 64, 10933, 64, 1590, 9, 39182, 64, 631, 10, 3291, 535, 50266, 1286, 15, 34046, 9, 5025, 9, 16895, 15, 24568, 64, 4065, 84, 582, 470, 10, 535, 50274, 1545, 1071, 64, 788, 64, 15049, 64, 1590, 64, 2369, 64, 631, 64, 33850, 9, 1286, 2262, 187, 50270, 39182, 64, 18428, 426, 401, 640, 7104, 2073, 42594, 25025, 14, 28941, 14, 22, 25025, 14, 42594, 25025, 2270, 357, 1383, 187, 50254, 50269, 1866, 386, 64, 301, 5473, 49642, 14, 23342, 14, 23342, 14, 49642, 23342, 3401, 535, 50270, 39182, 64, 631, 426, 401, 640, 7104, 2073, 42594, 25025, 14, 28941, 14, 23342, 14, 42594, 25025, 2270, 357, 1383, 187, 50254, 50272, 12432, 64, 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BDF or Bdf may refer to: Backward differentiation formula, a numerical method for solving ordinary differential equations Ballroom Dancers' Federation, a British organization for competitive ballroom dancers Bates Dance Festival, a yearly dance festival held at Bates College. Banca Dacia Felix (Dacia Felix Bank), a defunct Romanian bank Bedfordshire, a historic county in England, Chapman code Beiersdorf AG, a multinational corporation based in Hamburg, Germany Berlin Demography Forum, an annual international conference on demographic issues Board foot, unit of measure for volume of lumber Bois-des-Filion, Quebec, a town in Quebec, Canada Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine (1894-1933), a defunct German women's organization Technology Building Distribution Frame, a type of distribution frame in telecommunications PCI BDF (bus/device/function), a range of configurable addresses in PCI configuration space Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format, a file format for storing bitmap fonts Military Bangladesh Forces, the combined forces of Bangladesh during its war of independence in 1971 Bahrain Defense Force, the military of Bahrain Barbados Defence Force, the military of Barbados Belize Defence Force, the military of Belize Botswana Defence Force, the military of Botswana<\|endoftext\|>Q: How to do case insensitive search in StringOperators.valueOf("field1").indexOf(txtSchStr)) I have a springdata mongodb aggregation where I use agg = Aggregation.newAggregation(BrkrBean.class, match(criteria), project("productId, "fullName").and( StringOperators.valueOf("areas").indexOf(searchString)).as("score")) This works fine, but how can I do case insensitive search for the searchString. There is no option for indexOf() method. A: It is not possible directly. You will have to do some kind of workaround by converting both field value and search string to same case. StringOperators.valueOf(StringOperators.valueOf("areas").toLower()) .indexOf(StringOperators.valueOf(searchString).toLower()) <\|endoftext\|>Love Over and Over is the fifth album by Kate & Anna McGarrigle, released in 1982. Following this album, the McGarrigles did not release an album of new material until Heartbeats Accelerating in 1990. The album contains a French-Canadian version of Bob Seger's You'll Accomp'ny Me. Track listing Side One "Move Over Moon" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:11 "Sun, Son (Shining on the Water)" (Anna McGarrigle) – 4:03 "I Cried for Us" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:23 "Love Over and Over" (Kate & Anna McGarrigle) – 4:07 "Star Cab Company" (Anna McGarrigle) – 3:30 "Tu vas m'accompagner" (Bob Seger; translated. by Anna McGarrigle) – 3:56 Side Two "On My Way to Town" (Kate McGarrigle) – 2:17 "Jesus Lifeline" (, Arranged by Anna McGarrigle) – 3:01 "Work Song" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:49 "St. Valentines Day, 1978 (Black Heart)" (Anna McGarrigle) – 3:17 "Midnight Flight" (Kate McGarrigle) – 5:42 Bonus tracks The 1997 Hannibal CD reissue contains two bonus tracks not found on the Polydor release: "A Place in Your Heart" (Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Pat Donaldson, Dane Lanken, Jane McGarrigle) – 3:07 "Babies If I Didn't Have You" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:34 (B-side on the single release of the title track "Love Over and Over") Personnel Kate McGarrigle : Piano, banjo, accordion, guitar, vocals Anna McGarrigle : Piano, accordion, vocals Alun Davies : Guitar Andrew Cowan : Guitar Chaim Tannenbaum : Guitar, banjo, mandolin, vocals Mark Knopfler - Guitar on "Love Over and Over" Scot Lang : Guitar, bass guitar Pat Donaldson : Bass guitar Paul Samwell-Smith : Bass guitar Jane McGarrigle : Organ, vocals Kenny Pearson : Piano, organ Gilles Losier : Piano Dane Lanken : Trumpet Gerry Conway : Drums Jean-Paul Robichaud : Drums, percussions Ted Jensen : Engineer at Sterling Sound, NYC - mastering References External links 1982 albums Kate & Anna McGarrigle albums Polydor Records albums<\|endoftext\|>\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} Carbon nanotubes were first found in a form of multi-wall cylinders, each of which consists of a rolled graphene sheet.\cite{Iijima_1991a,Iijima_et_al_1992a} A single-wall nanotube, fabricated later,\cite{Iijima_and_Ichihashi_1993a,Bethune_et_al_1993a} has a unique electronic property that it changes critically from metallic to semiconducting depending on its tubular circumferential vector. This characteristic feature was first predicted by means of tight-binding models,\cite{Hamada_et_al_1992a,Mintmire_et_al_1992a,Saito_et_al_1992a,Dresselhaus_et_al_1992a,Dresselhaus_et_al_1992b,Jishi_et_al_1993a,Tanaka_et_al_1992a,Gao_and_Herndon_1992a,Robertson_et_al_1992a,White_et_al_1993a} and was successfully described in an effective-mass approximation.\cite{Ajiki_and_Ando_1993a,Ajiki_and_Ando_1996a,Ando_2005a_and_References} Experimental\cite{Chopra_et_al_1995b,Bourgeois_and_Bursill_1997a,Benedict_et_al_1998a,Liu_et_al_2002d,Li_et_al_2007a,Zhong_et_al_2012a,Kohno_et_al_2013a,Zhang_et_al_2012a,Martel_et_al_1998b,Hertel_et_al_1998a,Yu_et_al_2001d,Yu_et_al_2001b,Giusca_et_al_2007a,Giusca_et_al_2008a,Choi_et_al_2013a} as well as computational studies\cite{Crespi_et_al_1996a,Crespi_et_al_1998a,Lu_et_al_2003a,Liu_and_Cho_2004a,Tangney_et_al_2005a,Lammert_et_al_2000a,Mehrez_et_al_2005a,Lu_et_al_2005a,Tang_et_al_2005a,Zhang_et_al_2006b,Hasegawa_and_Nishidate_2006a,Xiao_et_al_2007a,Lu_et_al_2011a,Kim_et_al_2001e,Nishidate_and_Hasegawa_2008a,Shtogun_and_Woods_2009a,Hasegawa_and_Nishidate_2009a,Nishidate_and_Hasegawa_2010a,Shklyaev_et_al_2011a,Kou_et_al_2013a} have discovered that large diameter nanotubes have an additional stable flattened structure. The purpose of this work is to study electronic structure of collapsed carbon nanotubes for arbitrary chirality within the effective-mass approximation. \par The observation of fully collapsed multi-wall carbon nanotubes was reported in transmission electron microscopy,\cite{Chopra_et_al_1995b,Bourgeois_and_Bursill_1997a,Benedict_et_al_1998a,Liu_et_al_2002d,Li_et_al_2007a,Zhong_et_al_2012a,Kohno_et_al_2013a,Zhang_et_al_2012a} atomic force microscopy,\cite{Zhang_et_al_2012a,Martel_et_al_1998b,Hertel_et_al_1998a,Yu_et_al_2001d} and scanning tunneling microscopy.\cite{Giusca_et_al_2007a,Giusca_et_al_2008a,Yu_et_al_2001b} Multi-wall nanotubes was shown to exhibit structural deformations in FET devices.\cite{Martel_et_al_1998b} Recently, high-yield fabrication of high quality collapsed tubes was	redpajama	[ 8561, 39, 390, 378, 4989, 778, 3730, 281, 27, 535, 8247, 1034, 9827, 7212, 13, 247, 10704, 1332, 323, 16161, 9826, 8967, 7424, 187, 14702, 4461, 399, 13342, 8, 20369, 13, 247, 4782, 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1873, 5981, 323, 20073, 42615, 36622, 187, 187, 42531, 187, 29310, 24495, 13, 253, 5678, 5621, 273, 29310, 1309, 697, 2137, 273, 14275, 275, 16609, 187, 21789, 1949, 14971, 10627, 13, 253, 4668, 273, 21789, 1949, 187, 33782, 8585, 32831, 10627, 13, 253, 4668, 273, 33782, 8585, 187, 6512, 907, 32831, 10627, 13, 253, 4668, 273, 6512, 907, 187, 378, 1502, 88, 3230, 32831, 10627, 13, 253, 4668, 273, 378, 1502, 88, 3230, 50279, 50, 27, 1359, 281, 513, 1083, 39188, 3186, 275, 4605, 10996, 2392, 15, 48559, 1587, 3423, 18, 6788, 33966, 9, 10134, 10859, 10287, 1228, 309, 452, 247, 7203, 2203, 49535, 36570, 20828, 835, 309, 897, 187, 13046, 426, 32516, 37480, 15, 1826, 35619, 37480, 9, 8478, 21529, 20317, 15, 2437, 13, 3761, 9, 24913, 5169, 582, 187, 50272, 10408, 1587, 7509, 2618, 13, 346, 11546, 2402, 6788, 395, 9, 187, 50273, 2776, 10996, 2392, 15, 48559, 1587, 609, 284, 6788, 33966, 9, 8716, 2776, 5029, 284, 1587, 18891, 14708, 187, 187, 1552, 2987, 4030, 13, 533, 849, 476, 309, 513, 1083, 39188, 3186, 323, 253, 3186, 2776, 15, 1707, 310, 642, 4500, 323, 3605, 4527, 1082, 1332, 15, 187, 187, 34, 27, 733, 310, 417, 1896, 3587, 15, 1422, 588, 452, 281, 513, 690, 2238, 273, 42182, 407, 22022, 1097, 1673, 1318, 285, 3186, 2876, 281, 1072, 1083, 15, 187, 2776, 10996, 2392, 15, 48559, 9, 2776, 10996, 2392, 15, 48559, 1587, 609, 284, 6788, 936, 25216, 6649, 187, 50276, 15, 33966, 9, 2776, 10996, 2392, 15, 48559, 9, 8716, 2776, 481, 936, 25216, 6649, 535, 50279, 23337, 6061, 285, 6061, 310, 253, 10720, 5400, 407, 20428, 708, 16543, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 13, 4439, 275, 13563, 15, 11977, 436, 5400, 13, 253, 16442, 3298, 304, 868, 858, 417, 3727, 271, 5400, 273, 747, 2144, 1919, 15382, 1257, 1832, 8874, 15766, 839, 275, 7901, 15, 380, 5400, 4428, 247, 5112, 14, 31478, 2715, 273, 8679, 19655, 254, 434, 1422, 1833, 8874, 23242, 8, 5134, 3189, 15, 187, 187, 23857, 16485, 187, 187, 28541, 2596, 187, 3, 19815, 6061, 16363, 3, 313, 47085, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 495, 27, 883, 187, 3, 14594, 13, 11832, 313, 2809, 1699, 327, 253, 10205, 6844, 313, 40805, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 577, 27, 2941, 187, 3, 42, 330, 2200, 323, 8802, 3, 313, 47085, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 495, 27, 1508, 187, 3, 23337, 6061, 285, 6061, 3, 313, 47085, 708, 16543, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 577, 27, 2922, 187, 3, 16043, 15569, 6487, 3, 313, 40805, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 495, 27, 1229, 187, 3, 37675, 16016, 278, 8, 317, 3118, 25823, 3, 313, 26845, 19655, 254, 28, 15786, 15, 407, 16543, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 495, 27, 3208, 187, 187, 28541, 5761, 187, 3, 2374, 2752, 10834, 281, 10079, 3, 313, 47085, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 374, 27, 1166, 187, 3, 27035, 27230, 4115, 3, 33820, 1780, 83, 4626, 407, 16543, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 495, 27, 520, 187, 3, 10282, 16865, 3, 313, 47085, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 10, 1108, 495, 27, 2537, 187, 3, 998, 15, 24640, 1100, 6258, 13, 14304, 313, 15383, 15382, 6844, 313, 40805, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 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1468, 308, 1136, 257, 30735, 1163, 443, 36567, 13, 8913, 5309, 13, 7649, 15141, 13, 23599, 2490, 4744, 10381, 412, 1258, 254, 428, 443, 36567, 327, 346, 23337, 6061, 285, 6061, 3, 187, 11137, 18232, 1163, 443, 36567, 13, 16819, 12609, 2490, 2790, 399, 2814, 1397, 251, 1163, 28219, 12609, 187, 5171, 5769, 4714, 14, 21484, 1163, 28219, 12609, 187, 14884, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 1163, 10164, 13, 23599, 2490, 39370, 25065, 1163, 367, 10356, 13, 1963, 187, 443, 18810, 8742, 1321, 1163, 367, 10356, 187, 399, 1351, 418, 1164, 257, 1163, 3778, 292, 2490, 443, 9587, 47313, 1163, 3196, 7640, 2490, 13089, 14, 17239, 6625, 469, 5353, 1163, 3196, 7640, 13, 39057, 45874, 187, 17446, 42054, 1163, 39424, 387, 41112, 18874, 13, 32880, 428, 6303, 272, 187, 187, 4941, 187, 187, 7504, 4859, 19668, 187, 17103, 16258, 187, 47085, 708, 16543, 16442, 3298, 304, 282, 16258, 187, 7638, 10120, 263, 15648, 16258, 50279, 61, 4674, 92, 14214, 94, 393, 1968, 92, 4538, 27, 14214, 94, 190, 187, 10697, 4006, 38587, 31571, 497, 806, 1119, 275, 247, 830, 273, 4471, 14, 12081, 37025, 13, 1016, 273, 534, 8414, 273, 247, 14436, 23076, 8335, 4880, 41766, 92, 42, 1944, 8032, 64, 14209, 66, 13, 42, 1944, 8032, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13895, 66, 94, 190, 187, 34, 2014, 14, 12081, 38587, 4338, 13, 26493, 1996, 1337, 41766, 92, 42, 1944, 8032, 64, 395, 64, 42, 4635, 13362, 74, 64, 13549, 66, 13, 35, 678, 2517, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13549, 66, 94, 556, 247, 4451, 7051, 2867, 326, 352, 2544, 21038, 432, 18719, 281, 49985, 272, 7293, 327, 697, 25784, 50145, 4972, 15, 190, 187, 1552, 8847, 4735, 369, 806, 8131, 407, 2097, 273, 6863, 14, 13018, 3210, 1337, 41766, 92, 22176, 2960, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13895, 66, 13, 46, 565, 78, 603, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13895, 66, 13, 52, 1942, 80, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13895, 66, 13, 37, 560, 293, 25531, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13895, 66, 13, 37, 560, 293, 25531, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13895, 67, 13, 43, 31384, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13549, 66, 13, 45621, 10573, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13895, 66, 13, 40, 8500, 64, 395, 64, 41, 1808, 9903, 64, 13895, 66, 13, 17586, 1641, 251, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13895, 66, 13, 17185, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 13549, 66, 94, 285, 369, 8379, 2529, 275, 271, 3576, 14, 14611, 11193, 4880, 41766, 92, 34, 75, 8678, 64, 395, 64, 1898, 80, 64, 13549, 66, 13, 34, 75, 8678, 64, 395, 64, 1898, 80, 64, 12487, 66, 13, 1898, 80, 64, 9204, 66, 64, 395, 64, 4941, 94, 190, 187, 32954, 61, 41766, 92, 1779, 412, 376, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 12731, 67, 13, 35, 454, 33488, 64, 395, 64, 35, 2244, 408, 64, 12430, 66, 13, 35, 2348, 882, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 11496, 66, 13, 41392, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 10016, 69, 13, 17448, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8602, 66, 13, 59, 73, 543, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 6755, 66, 13, 44, 2116, 80, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 6622, 66, 13, 36378, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 6755, 66, 13, 15510, 293, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 11496, 67, 13, 41, 797, 293, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 11496, 66, 13, 42039, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8971, 69, 13, 42039, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8971, 67, 13, 40, 3750, 6357, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8602, 66, 13, 40, 3750, 6357, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8012, 66, 13, 18697, 74, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 6622, 66, 94, 347, 973, 347, 15180, 2175, 61, 41766, 92, 36, 373, 2059, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 12487, 66, 13, 36, 373, 2059, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 11496, 66, 13, 22653, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 9755, 66, 13, 41392, 64, 395, 64, 18697, 64, 9430, 66, 13, 53, 606, 2191, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 9204, 66, 13, 45, 3681, 797, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 6914, 66, 13, 5072, 73, 14852, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 9204, 66, 13, 22653, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 9204, 66, 13, 53, 606, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 9204, 66, 13, 36378, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8603, 67, 13, 41, 511, 72, 11415, 64, 395, 64, 47, 763, 301, 366, 64, 8603, 66, 13, 57, 22728, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8602, 66, 13, 22653, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 7330, 66, 13, 27682, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8971, 70, 13, 47, 763, 301, 366, 64, 395, 64, 41, 511, 72, 11415, 64, 8012, 66, 13, 52, 384, 462, 328, 64, 395, 64, 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reported, using solution-phase extraction of inner tubes from large-diameter multi-wall tubes.\cite{Choi_et_al_2013a} \par Actually, it is shown theoretically by first-principles energy minimization that both flattened and cylindrical nanotubes are stable or meta-stable and the energy of flattened tube is lower than cylindrical tubes with large diameter.\cite{Tang_et_al_2005a,Zhang_et_al_2006b,Hasegawa_and_Nishidate_2006a,Xiao_et_al_2007a,Lu_et_al_2011a} The cylindrical nanotubes collapse into flattened tubes with a barbell-like cross section under hydrostatic pressure or in the presence of injected charge shown by molecular dynamics simulations.\cite{Liu_and_Cho_2004a,Tangney_et_al_2005a} Electronic states were studied for collapsed armchair tubes in a tight-binding model\cite{Lammert_et_al_2000a} and for collapsed zigzag tubes by density-functional calculations,\cite{Kim_et_al_2001e,Nishidate_and_Hasegawa_2008a} which demonstrated drastic modification in the energy region close to the Fermi level due to inter-wall interaction. \par Transport of crossed nanotube junctions results from interacting individual tubes and has been studied both experimentally\cite{Postma_et_al_2000a,Fuhrer_et_al_2000b,Yoneya_et_al_2002a,Gao_et_al_2004a,Znidarsic_et_al_2013a} and theoretically.\cite{Nakanishi_and_Ando_2001a,Maarouf_and_Mele_2011a,Yoon_et_al_2001a,Komnik_and_Egger_2001a} The conductance is found to depend strongly on the crossing angle with large maxima at commensurate stacking of lattices of two nanotubes.\cite{Nakanishi_and_Ando_2001a,Maarouf_and_Mele_2011a} A deformation of crossed carbon nanotubes, which may significantly affect the tunneling conductance between nanotubes, has been calculated.\cite{Fuhrer_et_al_2000b,Hertel_et_al_1998a,Yoon_et_al_2001a} Furthermore, a pseudogap has been predicted to appear for an orientationally ordered crystal of nanotubes due to inter-tube transfer.\cite{Delaney_et_al_1998a,Kwon_et_al_1998a,Maarouf_et_al_2000a,Kwon_and_Tomanek_1998a} \par Effects of inter-wall interactions in multi-wall nanotubes were also studied. In general, the lattice structure of each nanotube is incommensurate with that of adjacent walls.\cite{Kociak_et_al_2002a,Zuo_et_al_2003a} This makes inter-wall electron hopping negligibly small as a result of the cancellation of inter-wall coupling in the absence of disorder.\cite{Yoon_et_al_2002a,Triozon_et_al_2004a,Uryu_and_Ando_2005c,Charlier_et_al_2007a,Uryu_and_Ando_2007e} In fact, inter-wall hopping integrals vary quasi-periodically from site to site and their average over the distance of the order of the circumference vanishes. This property was extensively used for theoretical calculations of excitons in double-wall nanotubes.\cite{Tomio_et_al_2012a,Tomio_et_al_2012c} Further, it is closely related to very weak interlayer interactions in twisted bi- and/or multi-layer graphenes. \par Experimentally, each layer of some of epitaxially fabricated graphenes having many layers is known to behave almost as a monolayer.\cite{de_Heer_et_al_2007a,Sadowski_et_al_2006a,Sadowski_et_al_2007a,Wu_et_al_2007b,Hass_et_al_2007a,Hass_et_al_2008a,Sprinkle_et_al_2009a,de_Heer_et_al_2010a,de_Heer_et_al_2011a,Orlita_et_al_2008n,Miller_et_al_2009a} Further, the electronic structure of twisted bilayer graphene with nearly incommensurate lattice structure, both theoretically calculated\cite{Lopes_dos_Santos_et_al_2007a,Latil_et_al_2007a,Hass_et_al_2008a,Shallcross_et_al_2008a,Bistritzer_and_MacDonald_2011a,Bistritzer_and_MacDonald_2011b,Lopes_dos_Santos_et_al_2012a,Moon_and_Koshino_2012a,Moon_and_Koshino_2013a,Lu_and_Fertig_2014a,Mele_2010a,Mele_2011a} and experimentally observed,\cite{Sprinkle_et_al_2009a,Ni_et_al_2008c,Schmidt_et_al_2010a,Luican_et_al_2011a,Brihuega_et_al_2012a,Li_et_al_2010a} shows a linear band dispersion near the charge neutrality point, suggesting weak interlayer interaction. On the contrary, the interlayer interaction drastically changes electronic states in displaced bilayer graphene having a commensurate lattice structure.\cite{Son_et_al_2011a} The end of bilayer graphene can be closed and was observed experimentally after thermal treatment.\cite{Liu_et_al_2009c} Geometry and electronic structure of bilayer graphene with a closed edge were studied by a density functional calculation.\cite{Feng_et_al_2009a} \par \begin{figure} \begin{center} \begin{minipage}[t]{7.50cm} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=7.50cm]{eps/fig1a_FlattenedCN2a.eps} (a) \end{center} \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}[t]{9.50cm} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=9.50cm]{eps/fig1b_FlattenedCN1.eps} (b) \end{center} \end{minipage} \caption \label{Fig:Flattened_CN} (a) A schematic illustration of a collapsed carbon nanotubes and (b) its development map on graphene sheet. In (b), the coordinates system $(x',y')$ and origin O' are fixed onto the graphene sheet and the coordinates system $(x,y)$ and origin O vary depending on the structure of a nanotube. The flattened region is denoted by the shaded area. } \end{center} \vspace{-0.250cm} \end{figure} This paper is organized as follows: In Sect.\ \ref{Sec:Collapsed_Carbon_Nanotubes}, an effective potential of inter-wall interaction is derived in an effective-mass scheme. In Sect.\ \ref{Sec:Weak_Inter-Wall_Coupling}, modification of band structure due to collapse is analyzed by perturbation of inter-wall interaction first for armchair and zigzag nanotube and its dependence on nanotube chirality and stacking in flattened region are discussed based on dominant terms. Numerical results are shown in Sect.\ \ref{Sec:Numerical_Results} and a short summary is given in Sect.\ \ref{Sec:Summary_and_Conclusion}. \par \section{Collapsed Carbon Nanotubes} \label{Sec:Collapsed_Carbon_Nanotubes} We consider a nanotube partially flattened as illustrated in Fig.\ \ref{Fig:Flattened_CN} (a). The width of the flattened region is denoted by $L_F/2$ and that of the curved region by $L_C/2$. We have \begin{equation} L_F + L_C = L, \end{equation} where $L$ is the circumference. Figure \ref{Fig:Flattened_CN} (b) shows the development map. The tube is usually specified by chiral vector ${\bf L}$, corresponding to the circumference, i.e., $L=\|{\bf L}\|$. The direction of ${\bf L}$ measured from the horizontal direction is called the chiral angle and denoted by $\eta$. \par In Fig.\ \ref{Fig:Flattened_CN} (b), the right hand side of the line passing through the point O at $(\zeta\	redpajama	[ 2361, 13, 970, 2900, 14, 14213, 11998, 273, 6703, 17080, 432, 1781, 14, 5168, 6245, 4471, 14, 12081, 17080, 4880, 41766, 92, 18697, 74, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 6622, 66, 94, 190, 187, 61, 1148, 190, 187, 25179, 13, 352, 310, 2011, 28055, 407, 806, 14, 26985, 7540, 2341, 41458, 326, 1097, 42394, 285, 23990, 38587, 31571, 403, 6474, 390, 11419, 14, 11351, 285, 253, 2341, 273, 42394, 9402, 310, 2406, 685, 23990, 17080, 342, 1781, 9080, 4880, 41766, 92, 53, 606, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 9204, 66, 13, 36378, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8603, 67, 13, 41, 511, 72, 11415, 64, 395, 64, 47, 763, 301, 366, 64, 8603, 66, 13, 57, 22728, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 8602, 66, 13, 22653, 64, 292, 64, 267, 64, 7330, 66, 94, 190, 187, 510, 23990, 38587, 31571, 13551, 715, 42394, 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cos\eta,\zeta\sin\eta)$ and perpendicular to ${\bf L}$ is folded down to form the lower half of the flattened nanotube. The coordinate of the point in the lower side of the flattened region corresponding to point ${\bf r}$ in the upper side will be denoted by $\bar{\bf r}$. Obviously, $\bar{\bf r}$ is given by the mirror reflection with respect to the line perpendicular to ${\bf L}$. In the nanotube, we shall use the coordinates $(x,y)$ fixed onto the tube and therefore we have $\bar{\bf r}=(-x,y)$ for ${\bf r}=(x,y)$. The coordinates of ${\bf r}$ and $\bar{\bf r}$ in the coordinates $(x',y')$ fixed onto the graphene sheet can be straightforwardly obtained. \par Figure \ref{Fig:Lattice_Structure_and_Brillouin_Zone} (a) shows the lattice structure of graphene, two primitive translation vectors ${\bf a}$ and ${\bf b}$, and three vectors $\vec\tau_l$ $(l=1,2,3)$ connecting nearest-neighbor atoms. A unit cell contains two carbon atoms denoted by A and B. In a tight-binding model, the wave function is written as \begin{equation} \psi({\bf r}) = \!\! \sum_{{\bf R}={\bf R}_A} \!\! \psi_A({\bf R}) \phi({\bf r}-{\bf R}) + \!\! \sum_{{\bf R}={\bf R}_B} \!\! \psi_B({\bf R}) \phi({\bf r}-{\bf R}), \end{equation} where $\phi({\bf r})$ denotes a $\pi$ orbital. The amplitude $\psi$ at atomic sites ${\bf R}={\bf R}_A$ or ${\bf R}_B$ satisfies \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\!\!\! \varepsilon \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{A}) = - \gamma_0 \! \sum_{l=1}^3 \! \psi_{B}({\bf R}_{A} - \vec\tau_l) \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.20cm}} && \!\!\!\!\!\!\! + \! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A}'} V({\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{A}') \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{A}') + \! \sum_{{\bf R}_{B}'} V({\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{B}') \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{B}'), \quad \\ && \!\!\!\!\!\! \varepsilon \psi_{B}({\bf R}_{B}) = - \gamma_0 \! \sum_{l=1}^3 \! \psi_{A}({\bf B}_{A} + \vec\tau_l) \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.20cm}} && \!\!\!\!\!\!\! + \! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A}'} V({\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{A}') \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{A}') + \sum_{{\bf R}_{B}'} V({\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{B}') \psi_{B}({\bf R}_{B}'), \quad \label{Eq:TB_AB} \end{eqnarray} where $\gamma_0$ is the hopping integral between nearest-neighbor atoms within the wall and inter-wall hopping integral $V({\bf R},{\bf R}')$ is nonzero only when carbon atoms at sites ${\bf R}$ and ${\bf R}'$ are very closely located in the opposite side of the flattened region. Since $\pi$ orbitals are symmetric within the wall, $V({\bf R},{\bf R}')$ is a function of $\|{\bf R}-{\bf R}'\|$ well inside the flattened region. \par \begin{figure} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{eps/fig2_graphnsil.eps} \caption \label{Fig:Lattice_Structure_and_Brillouin_Zone} The lattice structure of graphene (a) and the first Brillouin zone (b). The primitive translation vectors are denoted by ${\bf a}$ and ${\bf b}$ ($\|{\bf a}\|=\|{\bf b}\|=a$) and the vectors connecting nearest-neighbor atoms are denoted by $\vec\tau_1$, $\vec\tau_2$, and $\vec\tau_3$ in (a). The reciprocal lattice vectors are denoted by ${\bf a}^$ and ${\bf b}^$, and ${\bf K}=(2\pi/a)(1/3,\,1/\sqrt3)$ and ${\bf K}'=(2\pi/a)(2/3,\,0)$ in (b). } \end{center} \end{figure} In a monolayer graphene the conduction and valence bands consisting of $\pi$ orbitals cross at K and K' points of the Brillouin zone shown in Fig.\ \ref{Fig:Lattice_Structure_and_Brillouin_Zone} (b), where the Fermi level is located.\cite{Wallace_1947a,Painter_and_Ellis_1970a} For states in the vicinity of the Fermi level $\varepsilon=0$, the amplitudes are written as \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\! \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{A}) = e^{i {\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{A}} F_{A}^K({\bf R}_{A}) + e^{+i \eta} e^{i {\bf K}' \cdot{\bf R}_{A}} F_{A}^{K'}({\bf R}_{A}), \\ && \!\!\!\! \psi_{B}({\bf R}_{B}) = - \omega e^{+ i \eta} e^{i {\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{B}} F_{B}^K({\bf R}_{B}) + e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{B}} F_{B}^{K'}({\bf R}_{B}), \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.10cm}} \end{eqnarray} with $\omega=\exp(2\pi i/3)$.\cite{Ando_2005a_and_References} Envelope functions $F_{A}^K$, $F_{B}^K$, $F_{A}^{K'}$, and $F_{B}^{K'}$ are assumed to be slowly varying in the scale of the lattice constant. The effective-mass approximation is valid and well reproduces electronic properties as well as the band structure for energy range given by $\|\varepsilon\|\ll 3\gamma_0$.\cite{Ajiki_and_Ando_1993a,Ajiki_and_Ando_1996a,Ando_2005a_and_References} \par In the absence of inter-wall interactions, the envelope functions for the K point satisfy \begin{eqnarray} \hat{\cal H}^K(\hat{\bf k}) {\bf F}^K({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \varepsilon {\bf F}^K({\bf r}), \\ \hat{\cal H}^K(\hat{\bf k}) \!\! & = & \!\! \gamma \pmatrix{ 0 & \hat k_- \cr \hat k_+ & 0 \cr }, \\ {\bf F}^K({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \pmatrix{ F_A^K({\bf r}) \cr \noalign{\vspace{0.10cm}} F_B^K({\bf r}) \cr }. \end{eqnarray} where $\hat k_\pm=\hat k_x\pm i \hat k_y$, $\hat{\bf k}=-i\vec\nabla$, and $\gamma=\sqrt{3}a\gamma_0/2$ is the band parameter with lattice constant $a=0.246$ nm. Here, wave vector ${\bf k}$ is measured from the K point denoted by ${\bf K}$. For the K' point, we should exchange $\hat k_+$ and $\hat k_-$ in the Hamiltonian, i.e., \begin{equation} \hat{\cal H}^{K'}(\hat{\bf k}) = \gamma \pmatrix{ 0 & \hat k_+ \cr \hat k_- & 0 \cr }, \end{equation} where ${\bf k}$ is measured from the K' point, i.e., ${\bf K}'$. \par We shall construct a nanotube in such a way that the hexagon at ${\bf L}=n_a {\bf a} + n_b {\bf b}$ with integers $n_a$ and $n_b$ is rolled onto the origin. For translation ${\bf r}\!\rightarrow\!{\bf r}+{\bf L}$, the Bloch function at the K and K' points acquires the phase \begin{eqnarray} \exp( i {\bf K} \cdot {\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \exp\Big( + {2\pi i \nu \over 3} \Big), \\ \exp( i {\bf K}' \	redpajama	[ 4752, 61, 1464, 1337, 7597, 61, 7432, 61, 1464, 1009, 285, 20277, 281, 2367, 3342, 418, 724, 310, 20618, 1066, 281, 830, 253, 2406, 2716, 273, 253, 42394, 38587, 4338, 15, 190, 187, 510, 13249, 273, 253, 1127, 275, 253, 2406, 1930, 273, 253, 42394, 2919, 3969, 281, 1127, 2367, 3342, 391, 724, 275, 253, 5170, 1930, 588, 320, 17007, 407, 669, 2009, 464, 3342, 391, 3363, 190, 187, 32102, 13, 669, 2009, 464, 3342, 391, 724, 310, 1677, 407, 253, 11472, 12906, 342, 1675, 281, 253, 1386, 20277, 281, 2367, 3342, 418, 3363, 190, 187, 688, 253, 38587, 4338, 13, 359, 3091, 897, 253, 11627, 3019, 89, 13, 90, 1009, 4229, 4830, 253, 9402, 285, 3103, 359, 452, 669, 2009, 464, 3342, 391, 4203, 1490, 89, 13, 90, 1009, 323, 2367, 3342, 391, 34465, 89, 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3342, 416, 2311, 559, 21846, 6476, 393, 2204, 6263, 3342, 416, 38400, 3342, 416, 2000, 35, 94, 21846, 6476, 393, 4144, 64, 35, 5716, 3342, 416, 2311, 393, 2162, 5716, 3342, 391, 47264, 3342, 416, 22286, 190, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 190, 187, 2811, 669, 2162, 5716, 3342, 391, 6580, 12853, 247, 669, 2059, 5, 18290, 15, 190, 187, 510, 10896, 669, 4144, 5, 387, 13805, 4375, 2367, 3342, 416, 38400, 3342, 416, 2000, 34, 5, 390, 2367, 3342, 416, 2000, 35, 5, 12310, 190, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 190, 187, 10494, 21846, 37857, 6476, 393, 4519, 393, 4144, 578, 34, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 2311, 426, 428, 393, 2733, 64, 17, 21846, 393, 2204, 578, 77, 30, 18, 2306, 20, 21846, 393, 4144, 578, 35, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 94, 428, 393, 4642, 61, 3115, 64, 77, 10, 393, 6274, 3202, 190, 187, 61, 2369, 8623, 464, 87, 5641, 10241, 17, 15, 938, 3591, 599, 190, 187, 10494, 21846, 37857, 13093, 559, 21846, 393, 2204, 6263, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 94, 13995, 657, 5716, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 24768, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 94, 3401, 393, 4144, 578, 34, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 94, 3401, 559, 21846, 393, 2204, 6263, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 94, 13995, 657, 5716, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 24768, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 94, 3401, 393, 4144, 578, 34, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 94, 11470, 393, 3362, 3202, 190, 187, 10494, 21846, 37857, 6476, 393, 4519, 393, 4144, 578, 35, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 2311, 426, 428, 393, 2733, 64, 17, 21846, 393, 2204, 578, 77, 30, 18, 2306, 20, 21846, 393, 4144, 578, 34, 10791, 3342, 378, 2026, 34, 94, 559, 393, 4642, 61, 3115, 64, 77, 10, 393, 6274, 3202, 190, 187, 61, 2369, 8623, 464, 87, 5641, 10241, 17, 15, 938, 3591, 599, 190, 187, 10494, 21846, 37857, 13093, 559, 21846, 393, 2204, 6263, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 94, 13995, 657, 5716, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 24768, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 94, 3401, 393, 4144, 578, 34, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 94, 3401, 559, 393, 2204, 6263, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 94, 13995, 657, 5716, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 24768, 3342, 416, 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300, 15, 2265, 94, 190, 187, 61, 34480, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 1470, 27, 45, 9772, 64, 34359, 64, 395, 64, 8478, 408, 44818, 64, 30989, 94, 190, 187, 510, 10979, 2605, 273, 23076, 313, 66, 10, 285, 253, 806, 2652, 408, 44818, 8232, 313, 67, 481, 190, 187, 510, 20523, 10234, 11390, 403, 17007, 407, 2367, 3342, 247, 724, 285, 2367, 3342, 270, 724, 4816, 21837, 3342, 247, 8589, 30, 21837, 3342, 270, 8589, 30, 66, 7884, 285, 253, 11390, 12873, 5275, 14, 570, 25194, 10917, 403, 17007, 407, 669, 4642, 61, 3115, 64, 18, 1366, 669, 4642, 61, 3115, 64, 19, 1366, 285, 669, 4642, 61, 3115, 64, 20, 5, 275, 313, 66, 481, 190, 187, 510, 33561, 10979, 11390, 403, 17007, 407, 2367, 3342, 247, 19135, 5, 285, 2367, 3342, 270, 19135, 1366, 285, 2367, 3342, 611, 34465, 19, 61, 2059, 16, 66, 2769, 18, 16, 20, 14101, 18, 6602, 2609, 20, 1009, 285, 2367, 3342, 611, 15996, 10190, 19, 61, 2059, 16, 66, 2769, 19, 16, 20, 14101, 17, 1009, 275, 313, 67, 481, 190, 187, 94, 190, 187, 61, 423, 92, 9229, 94, 190, 187, 61, 423, 92, 13206, 94, 190, 187, 688, 247, 39613, 23076, 253, 26913, 285, 35874, 10604, 11253, 273, 669, 2059, 5, 45228, 2831, 387, 611, 285, 611, 8, 2792, 273, 253, 2652, 408, 44818, 8232, 2011, 275, 2667, 4880, 393, 709, 92, 1470, 27, 45, 9772, 64, 34359, 64, 395, 64, 8478, 408, 44818, 64, 30989, 94, 313, 67, 582, 835, 253, 22499, 1268, 310, 4441, 4880, 41766, 92, 24115, 584, 64, 41858, 66, 13, 42728, 350, 64, 395, 64, 28578, 261, 64, 20686, 66, 94, 190, 187, 2214, 3054, 275, 253, 21520, 273, 253, 22499, 1268, 669, 4519, 30, 17, 1366, 253, 22652, 403, 3542, 347, 190, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 190, 187, 10494, 21846, 47996, 393, 4144, 578, 34, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 2311, 426, 299, 768, 74, 1926, 3342, 611, 889, 3830, 464, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 599, 401, 578, 34, 2306, 44, 5716, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 2311, 559, 299, 13566, 74, 393, 1464, 94, 299, 768, 74, 1926, 3342, 611, 15996, 393, 3830, 464, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 599, 401, 578, 34, 1990, 44, 8, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 34, 22286, 3202, 190, 187, 10494, 21846, 47996, 393, 4144, 578, 35, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 2311, 426, 428, 393, 3151, 299, 13566, 891, 393, 1464, 94, 299, 768, 74, 1926, 3342, 611, 889, 3830, 464, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 599, 401, 578, 35, 2306, 44, 5716, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 2311, 559, 299, 768, 74, 1926, 3342, 611, 94, 11671, 3830, 464, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 599, 401, 578, 35, 1990, 44, 8, 10791, 3342, 416, 2026, 35, 22286, 393, 6274, 3202, 190, 187, 61, 2369, 8623, 464, 87, 5641, 10241, 17, 15, 740, 3591, 599, 190, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 190, 187, 3113, 669, 3151, 2029, 4347, 9, 19, 61, 2059, 891, 16, 20, 3822, 61, 41766, 92, 1898, 80, 64, 9204, 66, 64, 395, 64, 4941, 94, 190, 187, 3546, 15209, 3470, 370, 39, 578, 34, 2306, 44, 1366, 370, 39, 578, 35, 2306, 44, 1366, 370, 39, 578, 34, 1990, 44, 8, 3303, 285, 370, 39, 578, 35, 1990, 44, 37055, 403, 8025, 281, 320, 7808, 11962, 275, 253, 4311, 273, 253, 10979, 3638, 15, 190, 187, 510, 3576, 14, 14611, 11193, 310, 3588, 285, 973, 7598, 707, 7051, 3607, 347, 973, 347, 253, 3961, 2605, 323, 2341, 2491, 1677, 407, 17334, 4519, 3577, 620, 495, 61, 2733, 64, 17, 43638, 41766, 92, 34, 75, 8678, 64, 395, 64, 1898, 80, 64, 13549, 66, 13, 34, 75, 8678, 64, 395, 64, 1898, 80, 64, 12487, 66, 13, 1898, 80, 64, 9204, 66, 64, 395, 64, 4941, 94, 190, 187, 61, 1148, 190, 187, 688, 253, 5928, 273, 734, 14, 12081, 6355, 13, 253, 17329, 3470, 323, 253, 611, 1127, 10517, 190, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 190, 187, 61, 700, 464, 1179, 388, 2306, 44, 1035, 700, 464, 3342, 465, 2311, 1926, 3342, 401, 2306, 44, 5716, 3342, 391, 2311, 21846, 6476, 708, 426, 708, 21846, 6476, 393, 4519, 1926, 3342, 401, 2306, 44, 5716, 3342, 391, 22286, 3202, 190, 187, 61, 700, 464, 1179, 388, 2306, 44, 1035, 700, 464, 3342, 465, 2311, 21846, 6476, 708, 426, 708, 21846, 6476, 393, 2733, 393, 14336, 92, 470, 708, 393, 700, 465, 18914, 393, 7083, 393, 700, 465, 13879, 708, 470, 393, 7083, 3572, 3202, 190, 187, 464, 3342, 401, 2306, 44, 5716, 3342, 391, 2311, 21846, 6476, 708, 426, 708, 21846, 6476, 393, 14336, 92, 401, 64, 34, 63, 44, 5716, 3342, 391, 2311, 393, 7083, 393, 2369, 8623, 464, 87, 5641, 92, 17, 15, 740, 3591, 599, 401, 64, 35, 63, 44, 5716, 3342, 391, 2311, 393, 7083, 748, 15, 190, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 190, 187, 2811, 669, 700, 465, 2253, 2617, 2029, 700, 465, 64, 89, 61, 2617, 891, 393, 700, 465, 64, 90, 1366, 669, 700, 464, 3342, 465, 39779, 74, 61, 4642, 61, 6526, 1366, 285, 669, 2733, 2029, 2609, 92, 20, 94, 66, 61, 2733, 64, 17, 16, 19, 5, 310, 253, 3961, 4764, 342, 10979, 3638, 370, 66, 30, 17, 15, 23260, 5, 9153, 15, 190, 187, 4943, 13, 5149, 4972, 2367, 3342, 465, 724, 310, 4080, 432, 253, 611, 1127, 17007, 407, 2367, 3342, 611, 3363, 190, 187, 2214, 253, 611, 8, 1127, 13, 359, 943, 6431, 669, 700, 465, 13879, 5, 285, 669, 700, 465, 64, 14595, 275, 253, 14342, 13, 891, 15, 70, 904, 190, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 190, 187, 61, 700, 464, 1179, 388, 1990, 44, 8, 3713, 700, 464, 3342, 465, 2311, 426, 393, 2733, 393, 14336, 92, 470, 708, 393, 700, 465, 13879, 393, 7083, 393, 700, 465, 18914, 708, 470, 393, 7083, 3572, 190, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 190, 187, 2811, 2367, 3342, 465, 724, 310, 4080, 432, 253, 611, 8, 1127, 13, 891, 15, 70, 904, 2367, 3342, 611, 15996, 1352, 190, 187, 61, 1148, 190, 187, 1231, 3091, 3989, 247, 38587, 4338, 275, 824, 247, 1039, 326, 253, 15442, 5154, 387, 2367, 3342, 418, 4203, 79, 64, 66, 1926, 3342, 247, 94, 559, 295, 64, 67, 1926, 3342, 270, 724, 342, 20935, 370, 79, 64, 66, 5, 285, 370, 79, 64, 67, 5, 310, 14436, 4830, 253, 6510, 15, 190, 187, 2214, 10234, 2367, 3342, 391, 889, 18083, 4287, 6476, 464, 3342, 391, 48817, 3342, 418, 3303, 253, 2071, 3770, 1159, 387, 253, 611, 285, 611, 8, 2792, 4171, 2731, 253, 3408, 190, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 190, 187, 61, 4347, 9, 891, 1926, 3342, 611, 94, 393, 3830, 1926, 3342, 418, 2311, 21846, 6476, 708, 426, 708, 21846, 6476, 393, 4347, 61, 5178, 9, 559, 551, 19, 61, 2059, 891, 393, 3023, 393, 1189, 495, 94, 393, 5178, 582, 3202, 190, 187, 61, 4347, 9, 891, 1926, 3342, 611, 15996, 393 ]
cdot {\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \exp\Big( - {2\pi i \nu \over 3} \Big), \end{eqnarray} where $\nu=0$ or $\pm1$, determined by \begin{equation} n_a + n_b = 3 N + \nu, \label{Eq:nu} \end{equation} with integer $N$. Correspondingly, the boundary conditions for ${\bf F({\bf r})}$ are given by \begin{eqnarray} {\bf F}^K({\bf r}+{\bf L}) = \exp\Big( - {2\pi i \nu \over 3} \Big) {\bf F}^K({\bf r}), \\ {\bf F}^{K'}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) = \exp\Big( + {2\pi i \nu \over 3} \Big) {\bf F}^{K'}({\bf r}), \end{eqnarray} \par Let ${\bf T}$ be the primitive lattice translation vector in the axis direction, \begin{equation} {\bf T} = m_a {\bf a} + m_b {\bf b}, \label{Eq:TranslationVector} \end{equation} with integers $m_a$ and $m_b$. We have \begin{equation} p m_a = n_a - 2 n_b, \qquad p m_b = 2 n_a - n_b, \end{equation} where $p$ is the greatest common divisor of $n_a-2n_b$ and $2n_a-n_b$. For translation ${\bf r}\!\rightarrow\!{\bf r}+{\bf T}$, the Bloch function at the K and K' points acquires the phase \begin{eqnarray} \exp( i {\bf K} \cdot {\bf T}) & \!\! = \!\! & \exp\Big( + {2\pi i \mu \over 3} \Big), \\ \exp( i {\bf K}' \cdot {\bf T}) & \!\! = \!\! & \exp\Big( - {2\pi i \mu \over 3} \Big), \end{eqnarray} where $\mu=0$ or $\pm1$, determined by \begin{equation} m_a + m_b = 3 M + \mu, \label{Eq:mu} \end{equation} with integer $M$. This shows that the K and K' points are mapped onto $k_\mu^K$ and $k_\mu^{K'}$, respectively, with \begin{equation} k_\mu^K \equiv + {2\pi \mu \over 3 T}, \quad k_\mu^{K'} \equiv - {2\pi \mu \over 3 T}. \end{equation} within the one-dimensional first Brillouin zone $[-\pi/T,\allowbreak +\pi/T]$, with $T=\|{\bf T}\|$. \par For the K point, the energies and corresponding wave functions are given by\cite{Ajiki_and_Ando_1993a,Ajiki_and_Ando_1996a,Ando_2005a_and_References} \begin{eqnarray} \varepsilon_{ns}^K(k) \!\! & = & \!\! s \gamma \sqrt{\kappa_\nu^K(n)^2 + (k - k_\mu^K)^2 }, \\ {\bf F}_{nks}^K({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! {1\over \sqrt{AL}} {\bf F}_{nks}^K \exp\big[ i \kappa_\nu^K(n) x + i (k - k_\mu^K) y \big], \quad \end{eqnarray} with \begin{eqnarray} \kappa_\nu^K(n) \!\! & = & \!\! {2\pi \over L} \Big( n - {\nu\over 3} \Big), \\ {\bf F}_{nks}^K \!\! & = & \!\! {1\over \sqrt2} \pmatrix{ b_{\mu,\nu}^K(n,k) \cr s \cr }, \\ b_{\mu\nu}^K(n,k) \!\! & = & \!\! { \kappa_\nu^K(n) - i (k - k_\mu^K) \over \sqrt{\kappa_\nu(n)^2 + (k - k_\mu^K)^2} }, \end{eqnarray} where $k$ is the wave vector in the axis direction, measured from the center of the one-dimensional Brillouin zone, $n$ is an integer, $s=+1$ and $-1$ for the conduction and valence band, respectively, and $A$ is the tube length. For the K' point, we should replace $\nu$ with $-\nu$, $\mu$ with $-\mu$, and $b_{\mu,\nu}^K(n,k)$ with $b_{\mu,\nu}^{K'}(n,k)=b_{-\mu,-\nu}^{K}(n,k)^$. The band structure is illustrated in Fig.\ \ref{Fig:Nanotube_Bands} in the vicinity of $\varepsilon=0$. \par \begin{figure} \begin{center} \includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{eps/fig3a_acband-m.eps} \qquad\quad \includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{eps/fig3b_zzband-m.eps} \qquad\quad \includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{eps/fig3c_zzscband-m.eps} \caption \label{Fig:Nanotube_Bands} Schematic illustration of energy bands for (a) an armchair tube $k_\mu\!\neq\!0$, and (b) metallic and (c) semiconducting zigzag nanotubes with $k_\mu=0$. } \end{center} \end{figure*} In the presence of inter-wall coupling, the envelope functions satisfy the Schr\"odinger equation, \begin{equation} \hat{\cal H}(\hat{\bf k}) {\bf F}({\bf r}) + \int d {\bf r}' \hat{\cal V}({\bf r},{\bf r}') {\bf F}({\bf r}') = \varepsilon {\bf F}({\bf r}), \label{Eq:Schrodinger_equation} \end{equation} with \begin{eqnarray} \hat {\cal H}(\hat{\bf k}) \!\! & = & \!\! \pmatrix{ \hat{\cal H}^K(\hat{\bf k}) & 0 \cr 0 & \hat{\cal H}^{K'}(\hat{\bf k}) \cr }, \\ {\bf F}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \pmatrix{ {\bf F}^K({\bf r}) \cr {\bf F}^{K'}({\bf r}) \cr }. \end{eqnarray} The (4,4) matrix effective-potential of inter-wall interaction is given by \begin{equation} \hat{\cal V}({\bf r},{\bf r}') = \hat V({\bf r}) \delta({\bf r}'-\bar{\bf r}), \end{equation} with \begin{equation} \hat V({\bf r}) = \pmatrix{\hat V^{KK}({\bf r}) & \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}) \cr \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}) & \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}) \cr }, \end{equation} where $\hat V^{KK}({\bf r})$, etc.\ are (2,2) matrices given by \begin{equation} \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}) = \pmatrix{V_{AA}^{KK}({\bf r}) & V_{AB}^{KK}({\bf r}) \cr \noalign{\vspace{0.10cm}} V_{BA}^{KK}({\bf r}) & V_{BB}^{KK}({\bf r}) \cr }, \end{equation} etc. Explicit expressions for the effective potential are more easily written down in terms of \begin{equation} \tilde V({\bf r}) = \pmatrix{\tilde V_{AA}({\bf r}) & \tilde V_{AB}({\bf r}) \cr \tilde V_{BA}({\bf r}) & \tilde V_{BB}({\bf r}) \cr }, \end{equation} where $\tilde V_{AA}({\bf r})$, etc.\ are (2,2) matrices given by \begin{equation	redpajama	[ 3830, 1926, 3342, 418, 2311, 21846, 6476, 708, 426, 708, 21846, 6476, 393, 4347, 61, 5178, 9, 428, 551, 19, 61, 2059, 891, 393, 3023, 393, 1189, 495, 94, 393, 5178, 582, 190, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 190, 187, 2811, 669, 3023, 30, 17, 5, 390, 669, 2617, 18, 1366, 3413, 407, 190, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 190, 187, 79, 64, 66, 559, 295, 64, 67, 426, 495, 427, 559, 393, 3023, 13, 190, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 14739, 27, 3023, 94, 190, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 190, 187, 3113, 7007, 370, 47, 1352, 190, 187, 9873, 2541, 5356, 13, 253, 7548, 2515, 323, 2367, 3342, 401, 5716, 3342, 391, 2311, 724, 403, 1677, 407, 190, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 190, 187, 464, 3342, 401, 2306, 44, 5716, 3342, 391, 48817, 3342, 418, 2311, 426, 393, 4347, 61, 5178, 9, 428, 551, 19, 61, 2059, 891, 393, 3023, 393, 1189, 495, 94, 393, 5178, 10, 1926, 3342, 401, 2306, 44, 5716, 3342, 391, 22286, 3202, 190, 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} \tilde V_{AA}({\bf r}) = \pmatrix{ \tilde V_{AA}^{KK}({\bf r}) & \tilde V_{AA}^{KK'}({\bf r}) \cr \noalign{\vspace{0.10cm}} \tilde V_{AA}^{K'K}({\bf r}) & \tilde V_{AA}^{K'K'}({\bf r}) \cr }, \end{equation} etc. We can obtain $\tilde V$ from $\hat V({\bf r})$ by a simple unitary transformation. \par Then, the effective potential of inter-wall interaction is explicitly given by \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\! \tilde V_{AA}({\bf r}) = \!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{A}'} \!\! {1\over 2} \big[ g({\bf r}-{\bf R}_{A}) + g(\bar{\bf r}-{\bf R}_{A}') \big] V({\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{A}') \quad \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \! \pmatrix{ e^{i {\bf K}\cdot ({\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf R}_{A})} & e^{i \eta}e^{i ({\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{A})} \cr e^{-i \eta}e^{i ({\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{A})} & e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot ({\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf R}_{A})} \cr } \!, \label{Eq:VAA} \\ && \!\!\!\! \tilde V_{AB}({\bf r}) = \!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{B}'} \!\! {1\over 2} \big[ g({\bf r}-{\bf R}_{A}) + g(\bar{\bf r}-{\bf R}_{B}') \big] V({\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{B}') \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \! \pmatrix{ -\omega e^{i \eta}e^{i {\bf K}\cdot ({\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf R}_{A})} & e^{i ({\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{A})}\cr -\omega e^{i ({\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{A})} & e^{-i \eta}e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot ({\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf R}_{A})} \cr } \!, \label{Eq:VAB} \\ && \!\!\!\! \tilde V_{BA}({\bf r}) = \!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{A}'} \!\! {1\over 2} \big[ g({\bf r}-{\bf R}_{B}) + g(\bar{\bf r}-{\bf R}_{A}') \big] V({\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{A}') \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \! \pmatrix{ \! -\omega^{-1} e^{-i \eta}e^{i {\bf K}\cdot ({\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf R}_{B})} & \!\! -\omega^{-1} e^{i ({\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{B})} \! \cr e^{i ({\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{B})} & e^{i \eta} e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot ({\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf R}_{B})} \cr } \!, \label{Eq:VBA} \\ && \!\!\!\! \tilde V_{BB}({\bf r}) = \!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{B}'} \!\! {1\over 2} \big[ g({\bf r}-{\bf R}_{B}) + g(\bar{\bf r}-{\bf R}_{B}') \big] V({\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{B}') \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \! \pmatrix{ \!\!\! e^{i {\bf K}\cdot ({\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf R}_{B})} & \!\!\! \!\!\! -\omega^{-1} e^{-i \eta} e^{i ({\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{B})} \cr - \omega e^{i \eta} e^{i ({\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{B})} \!\!\!\!\!\! & e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot ({\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf R}_{B})} \!\!\! \cr } \!. \label{Eq:VBB} \end{eqnarray} We should note that ${\bf R}_A$ and ${\bf R}_B$ and also ${\bf K}$ and ${\bf K}'$ are in the coordinate system $x'y'$ fixed onto the development map and ${\bf r}$ and $\bar{\bf r}$ are in the coordinate system $xy$ fixed onto carbon nanotubes. Thus, ${\bf r}$ and $\bar{\bf r}$ should be converted into the $x'y'$ system in the above equations. \par We have introduced a smoothing function $g({\bf r})$ which varies smoothly in the range $\|{\bf r}\| \alt a$ and decays rapidly and vanishes for $\|{\bf r}\|\gg a$.\cite{Ando_2005a_and_References} It should satisfy the conditions: \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_A} g({\bf r} - {\bf R}_A) = \sum_{{\bf R}_B} g({\bf r} - {\bf R}_B) = 1, \\ && \!\!\!\! \int d {\bf r} \, g({\bf r} - {\bf R}_A) = \int d {\bf r} \, g({\bf r} - {\bf R}_B) = \Omega_0, \end{eqnarray} where $\Omega_0$ is the area of a unit cell given by $\Omega_0=\sqrt3 a^2/2$. The function $g({\bf r} - {\bf R})$ can be replaced by a delta function when it is multiplied by a function such as ${\bf F}({\bf r})$ varying smoothly in the scale of the lattice constant, i.e., $g({\bf r}-{\bf R}) \approx \Omega_0 \delta({\bf r}-{\bf R})$. \par The effective potential satisfies \begin{equation} \hat V(\bar{\bf r}) = \hat V({\bf r})^\dagger, \label{Eq:Symmetry_of_Interlayer_Interaction} \end{equation} and therefore \begin{equation} \hat{\cal V}({\bf r},{\bf r}')^\dagger = \hat V(\bar{\bf r}) \delta({\bf r}'-\bar{\bf r}) = \hat V({\bf r}') \delta({\bf r}-\bar{\bf r}') = \hat{\cal V}({\bf r}',{\bf r}), \end{equation} which insures that $\hat{\cal V}({\bf r},{\bf r}')$ is a Hermitian operator. The Hamiltonian should satisfy the time reversal invariance under operation given by\cite{Suzuura_and_Ando_2002b,Ando_2006c} \begin{equation} {\bf F}^T = e^{- i \psi} \pmatrix{0 & \sigma_z \cr \sigma_z & 0 \cr } {\bf F}^. \end{equation} where $\sigma_x$ is the Pauli spin matrix and $\psi$ is an arbitrary phase factor. Thus, the inter-wall potential $\hat V({\bf r})$ should satisfy \begin{equation} \pmatrix{ 0 & \sigma_z \cr \sigma_z & 0 \cr } \hat V({\bf r})^ \pmatrix{ 0 & \sigma_z \cr \sigma_z & 0 \cr } = \hat V({\bf r}), \label{Eq:Time_Reversal_Symmetry_of_Interlayer_Potential} \end{equation} or \begin{equation} \pmatrix{ \sigma_x & 0 \cr 0 & - \sigma_x \cr } \tilde V({\bf r})^* \pmatrix{ \sigma_x & 0 \cr 0 & - \sigma_x \cr } = \tilde V({\bf r}). \label{Eq:Time_Reversal_Symmetry_of_Interlayer_Potential:_2} \end{equation} \par Further, the effective potential has the following translational properties: \begin{eqnarray} \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{KK	redpajama	[ 94, 190, 187, 61, 3582, 657, 578, 2446, 10791, 3342, 391, 2311, 426, 393, 14336, 92, 393, 3582, 657, 578, 2446, 1990, 18717, 10791, 3342, 391, 2311, 708, 393, 3582, 657, 578, 2446, 1990, 18717, 8, 10791, 3342, 391, 2311, 393, 7083, 393, 2369, 8623, 464, 87, 5641, 92, 17, 15, 740, 3591, 599, 393, 3582, 657, 578, 2446, 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}({\bf r}) \, e^{-4\pi i \nu/3}, \nonumber \\ \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}), \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.250cm}} \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.250cm}} \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}), \nonumber \\ \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}) \, e^{+4\pi i \nu/3}, \nonumber \end{eqnarray} and \begin{eqnarray} \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}+{\bf T}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}), \nonumber \\ \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}+{\bf T}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}) \, e^{-4\pi i \mu/3}, \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.250cm}} \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.250cm}} \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}+{\bf T}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}) \, e^{+4\pi i \mu/3}, \nonumber \\ \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}+{\bf T}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}). \nonumber \end{eqnarray} Therefore, it can be expanded into a Fourier series, such that \begin{eqnarray} \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \sum_{n,m} \hat V^{KK}_{n,m} \! \exp \! \Big[{2\pi i \over L}\Big(n - {2\nu \over 3}\Big) x + {2\pi i m\over T} y \Big], \nonumber \\ \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \sum_{n,m} \hat V^{KK'}_{n,m} \! \exp \! \Big[{2\pi i n\over L} x + {2\pi i \over T} \Big( m - {2\mu\over 3} \Big) y \Big], \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.3750cm}} \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.150cm}} \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \sum_{n,m} \hat V^{K'K}_{n,m} \! \exp \! \Big[{2\pi i n\over L} x + {2\pi i \over T} \Big( m + {2\mu\over 3} \Big) y \Big], \quad \nonumber \\ \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \sum_{n,m} \hat V^{K'K'}_{n,m} \! \exp \! \Big[{2\pi i \over L}\Big(n + {2\nu \over 3}\Big) x + {2\pi i m\over T} y \Big], \nonumber \end{eqnarray} with integers $n$ and $m$. This shows that the inter-wall coupling gives rise to interactions among bands with same $k$ value in the one-dimensional Brillouin zone. \par We shall expand the wave functions in terms of those of the corresponding cylindrical nanotube: \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\! {\bf F}({\bf r}) = {1\over \sqrt{AL}} \sum_{m,n} \exp[i (k+G_m) y] \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \pmatrix{ \exp[i \kappa_\nu^{K}(n)x-i k_\mu^K y] \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! & 0 \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! \cr \noalign{\smallskip} \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! 0 & \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! \exp[i \kappa_\nu^{K'}(n)x-i k_\mu^{K'} y] \cr } {\bf F}_{nm}, \qquad \end{eqnarray} with $G_m=2\pi m/T$. Then, we have \begin{equation} \hat {\cal H}[n,k+G_m] {\bf F}_{nm} + \sum_{n'm'} \hat V_{n+n',m-m'} {\bf F}_{n'm'} = \varepsilon {\bf F}_{nm}, \end{equation} with \begin{equation} \hat {\cal H}[n,k] = \pmatrix {\hat{\cal H}^{K}[\kappa_\nu^{K}(n),k-k_\mu^K] \!\!\!\!\!\! & 0 \!\!\!\!\!\! \cr \noalign{\smallskip} \!\!\!\!\!\! 0 & \!\!\!\!\!\! \hat{\cal H}^{K'}[\kappa_\nu^{K'}(n),k-k_\mu^{K'}] \cr} \!, \end{equation} and \begin{equation} \hat V_{n+n',m-m'} = \pmatrix{ \hat V_{n+n',m-m'}^{KK} & \hat V_{n+n',m-m'}^{KK'} \cr \noalign{\smallskip} \hat V_{n+n',m-m'}^{K'K} & \hat V_{n+n',m-m'}^{K'K'} \cr }. \end{equation} \par \begin{figure} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=15.0cm]{eps/fig4_FlattenedCN-ZZ2a.eps} \caption \label{Fig:Structure_of_Flattened_Zigzag_Nanotube} Some examples of the structure of the double-wall region of a flattened zigzag nanotube. The A and B sites remain the same, but the K and K' points are exchanged between the upper (red) region and the lower (green) region. (a) $\zeta=na$ corresponding to an AA stacked bilayer, (b) $na<\zeta(n+{1 \over 4})a$, (c) $\zeta=(n+{1\over4})a$, (d) $\zeta=(n+{1\over 2})a$ corresponding to another AA stacked bilayer. } \end{center} \vspace{-0.250cm} \end{figure} For actual numerical calculations, the inter-wall hopping integral $V({\bf R}_1,{\bf R}_2)$ is chosen as\cite{Slater_and_Koster_1954a,Spain_1973a,Dresselhaus_et_al_1988a,Mintmire_and_White_1995a,Nakanishi_and_Ando_2001a,Uryu_2004a,Moon_and_Koshino_2012a,Moon_and_Koshino_2013a} \begin{eqnarray} \!\!\!\! && V({\bf R}_1,{\bf R}_2) = - \Big[ \alpha {\gamma_1 \over \|{\bf t}\|^2 } \exp \! \Big( \! - {\|{\bf t}\| - c/2 \over \delta } \Big) ({\bf p}_1 \! \cdot \! {\bf t}) ({\bf p}_2 \! \cdot \! {\bf t}) \nonumber \\ \!\!\!\! &&- \gamma_0 \exp \! \Big( \! - {\|{\bf t}\| - b \over \delta } \Big) [ ({\bf p}_1 \! \cdot \! {\bf u}) ({\bf p}_2 \! \cdot \! {\bf u}) + ({\bf p}_1 \! \cdot \! {\bf v}) ({\bf p}_2 \! \cdot \! {\bf v}) ] \Big], \qquad \end{eqnarray} where $b$ is the distance between neighboring carbons in graphene, i.e., $b=a/\sqrt3$, $c$ the lattice constant along the $c$ axis in graphite given by $c/a=2.72$, and $\delta$ the decay rate of the $\pi$ orbital. Further, $\gamma_1$ is the hopping integral between nearest-neighbor sites of neighboring layers in graphite. 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bf u}$ and ${\bf v}$ are unit vectors perpendicular to ${\bf t}$ and to each other. In the following numerical calculations, we use parameters $\gamma_0=2.7$ eV, $\gamma_1=0.4$ eV, $\delta/a=0.185$, and $\alpha=1.4$. \par The negative sign appearing in $V({\bf R}_1,{\bf R}_2)$ is due to the fact that the $\pi$ orbitals in the top and bottom sides of the nanotube have signs opposite to each other because of the tube geometry. Further, we choose the following smoothing function: \begin{equation} g({\bf r}) = {\Omega_0 \over \pi d^2 } \exp\Big( - {{\bf r}^2 \over d^2 } \Big), \end{equation} with smoothing length $d$. This $d$ is of the order of lattice constant $a$, but can be regarded as zero in the scale of the effective-mass approximation. In the following, we choose $2\,\lsim\,d/a\,\lsim\,5$, for which the results are independent of this parameter. \par As shown by molecular dynamics simulations, coupling in the flattened region is slowly turned on in the vicinity of its edge.\cite{Zhang_et_al_2006b} When the coupling suddenly appears at a boundary, extra coupling terms may appear, being strongly localized at edges. In order to avoid such unphysical effects, we multiply the inter-wall hopping by the following function: \begin{equation} \theta(x-x_{\rm edge},\Delta_{\rm edge}) = {1\over 2} \Big[ 1 - {\rm erf}\Big({x - x_{\rm edge} \over \Delta_{\rm edge}}\Big) \Big], \label{Eq:Delta_edge} \end{equation} with ${\rm erf}(t)$ being the error function defined by \begin{equation} {\rm erf}(t) = {2\over \sqrt\pi} \int_0^t e^{-s^2} d s. \end{equation} The parameter $\Delta_{\rm edge}$ describes the width of the region where coupling increases from zero to the value well in the flattened region. Actual calculations show that an extra effective potential localized at edges appears for $\Delta_{\rm edge}/a\ll 1$, but turns out to be negligibly small except in very narrow wires and therefore can safely be neglected for thick wires with collapsed structures. \par \section{Weak Inter-Wall Coupling} \label{Sec:Weak_Inter-Wall_Coupling} \subsection{Inter-Wall Potential in Zigzag and Armchair} \label{Ssc:Inter-Wall_Potential} \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=15.0cm]{eps/fig5_FlattenedCN-AC5a.eps} \caption \label{Fig:Structure_of_Flattened_Armchair_Nanotube} Some examples of the structure of the double-wall region of a flattened armchair nanotube. The K and K' points remain the same, but A and B sites are exchanged between the upper (red) region and the lower (green) region. (a) $2<\|endoftext\|>Q: What is the colon (:) in Emacs lisp? I'm not talking about keyword variables (those that are prefixed with a colon), I'm talking about just :. Example from an ielm session: ELISP> : : It seems to be a variable whose value is : which makes it sort of act like a noop like it does in shell. I'm just curious if there's any documentation about it. I can't look it up with describe-variable... A: : is a keyword, that is, a Lisp symbol whose print name begins with ":". It satisfies predicate keywordp. A: Looks like it's just a variable whose value is : after all. I can't look it by calling describe-variable interactively but I can look it up with (describe-variable :): :'s value is : Documentation: Not documented as a variable. Edit: no, it's not a variable. See the accepted answer. <\|endoftext\|>A Segunda Frente Bielorussa () foi uma frente (formação militar) do Exército Vermelho durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ela foi criada em fevereiro de 1944, quando os soviéticos empurraram os alemães de volta à Bielorrússia. O coronel-general Pavel Kurochkin tornou-se seu primeiro comandante. Operações Em 2 de janeiro de 1944, a frente adentrou os antigos territórios poloneses. Em 26 de junho de 1944, as forças da frente capturaram Mogilev, na Ofensiva de Mogilev. Em 4 de julho, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa foi encarregado de eliminar o restante do 4º Exército do Grupo de Exércitos Centro e do 9º Exército, em um grande saliente a sudeste de Minsk. No dia 9 de julho, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa atacou a noroeste de Vitebsk, como parte de uma grande ofensiva soviética a leste de Riga, buscando cortar o Grupo de Exércitos Norte alemão. Em 29 de julho, os soviéticos chegaram à costa cortando o Grupo de Exércitos Norte, na Estônia e na Letônia oriental. Em 13 de setembro, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa capturou Łomża, a oeste de Białystok. Em novembro de 1944, o marechal Konstantin Rokossovski foi nomeado comandante da Segunda Frente Bielorussa, a tempo de suas duas últimas grandes ofensivas na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Como parte de um ataque massivo de quatro frentes em 14 de janeiro de 1945, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa atacou a Prússia Oriental (Ofensiva da Prússia Oriental) e depois a Pomerânia (Ofensiva da Pomerânia Oriental). Em 9 de abril de 1945, Königsberg, na Prússia Oriental, finalmente caiu diante do Exército Vermelho. Isso liberou a Segunda Frente Bielorussa para se deslocar para oeste, para a margem do rio Oder. Durante as duas primeiras semanas de abril, os soviéticos realizaram sua mais rápida redistribuição da frente da guerra. O general Gueorgui Júkov concentrou sua Primeira Frente Bielorrussa, que estava ao longo do rio Oder, de Frankfurt, no sul, até o Báltico, em uma área em frente às Colinas de Seelow. A Segunda Frente Bielorussa mudou-se para as posições que estavam sendo deixadas pela Primeira Frente Bielorrussa, ao norte de Seelow. Enquanto esta redistribuição estava em andamento, lacunas foram deixadas livres, e os remanescentes do 2º Exército alemão conseguiram escapar através do Oder. Na madrugada de 16 de abril, a ofensiva final para capturar Berlim e se unir às forças aliadas ocidentais no Elba, começou com ataques da Primeira Frente Bielorrussa, e, ao sul, da Primeira Frente Ucraniana General Ivan Konev. A Segunda Frente Bielorussa participou do ataque em 20 de abril. Em 25 de abril, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa avançou sobre sua cabeça de ponte ao sul de Stettin e, ao fim da guerra, havia capturado toda a Alemanha ao norte de Berlim, limitando-se no oeste à linha de frente do 21º Grupo de Exércitos britânico, que avançara sobre o rio Elba em alguns locais. Atrocidades Em Demmin, por volta de 1º de maio de 1945, os membros do 65º Exército da Segunda Frente Bielorrussa invadiram uma destilaria e a cidade, cometendo estupros em massa, executando arbitrariamente civis e	redpajama	[ 3342, 1484, 724, 285, 2367, 3342, 362, 724, 403, 3943, 11390, 20277, 281, 2367, 3342, 246, 724, 285, 281, 1016, 643, 15, 190, 187, 688, 253, 1563, 10704, 10426, 13, 359, 897, 3602, 669, 2733, 64, 17, 30, 19, 15, 24, 5, 26748, 13, 669, 2733, 64, 18, 30, 17, 15, 21, 5, 26748, 13, 669, 3005, 16, 66, 30, 17, 15, 17786, 1366, 285, 669, 1637, 30, 18, 15, 21, 1352, 190, 187, 61, 1148, 190, 187, 510, 4016, 861, 15602, 275, 370, 55, 5716, 3342, 416, 2000, 18, 11400, 3342, 416, 2000, 19, 1009, 310, 1955, 281, 253, 958, 326, 253, 669, 2059, 5, 45228, 275, 253, 1755, 285, 5004, 7123, 273, 253, 38587, 4338, 452, 7871, 7285, 281, 1016, 643, 984, 273, 253, 9402, 12087, 15, 190, 187, 11389, 13, 359, 5206, 253, 1563, 36971, 1159, 27, 190, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 190, 187, 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Public Release: 31-Oct-2005 The secret of impressive writing? Keep it plain and simple Writers who use long words needlessly and choose complicated font styles are seen as less intelligent than those who stick with basic vocabulary and plain text, according to new research from the Princeton University in New Jersey, to be published in the next edition of Applied Cognitive Psychology. This implies that efforts to impress readers by using florid font styles and searching through a thesaurus may have the opposite effect. Study author Daniel Oppenheimer based his findings on students' responses to writing samples for which the complexity of the font or vocabulary was systematically manipulated. In a series of five experiments, he found that people tended to rate the intelligence of authors who wrote essays in simpler language, using an easy to read font, as higher than those who authored more complex works. "It's important to point out that this research is not about problems with using long words but about using long words needlessly," said study author Daniel Oppenheimer. "Anything that makes a text hard to read and understand, such as unnecessarily long words or complicated fonts, will lower readers' evaluations of the text and its author." The samples of text included graduate school applications, sociology dissertation abstracts, and translations of a work of Descartes. Times New Roman and italicised Juice font were used in samples to further assess the effect of fluency on rating levels. Interestingly, by making people aware that the source of low fluency was irrelevant to judgement, Oppenheimer found that they overcompensated and became biased in the opposite direction. In a final experiment, he provided samples of text printed with normal and low printer toner levels. The low toner levels made the text harder to read, but readers were able to identify the toner as being responsible for the difficulty, and therefore didn't blame the authors. "The continuing popularity amongst students of using big words and attractive font styles may be due to the fact that they may not realise these techniques could backfire," Oppenheimer noted. "One thing seems certain: write as simply and plainly as possible and it's more likely you'll be thought of as intelligent." Daniel M. Oppenheimer, Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly, Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology 2005, DOI: 10.1002/acp.1178 Amy Molnar amolnar@wiley.com Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology LEARNING/LITERACY/READING SOCIAL/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE<\|endoftext\|>Q: flash drive 3.0 not detected on 2.0 usb port I bought a flash disk 3.0 but Ubuntu does not recognize it on usb 2.0 port Is there a solution without buying an adapter? A: No. You need a USB 3.0 port to use it as a USB 3.0 device. You can still use it at USB 2.0 speeds. <\|endoftext\|>Q: pango+cairo hello world leaks I have problems with leaks in the pangocairo hello world example. #include <cairo.h> #include <pango/pangocairo.h> int main(int argc, char argv[]) { // 0 cairo_surface_t surface=cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, 240, 80); // 1 cairo_t* cr=cairo_create(surface); // 2 PangoFontDescription* font_description=pango_font_description_new(); pango_font_description_set_family(font_description,"serif"); pango_font_description_set_weight(font_description,PANGO_WEIGHT_BOLD); pango_font_description_set_absolute_size(font_description,32PANGO_SCALE); // 3 PangoLayout layout=pango_cairo_create_layout(cr); pango_layout_set_font_description(layout,font_description); pango_layout_set_text(layout,"Hello, world",-1); cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); cairo_move_to (cr, 10.0, 50.0); pango_cairo_show_layout(cr,layout); // 3 g_object_unref(layout); // 2 pango_font_description_free(font_description); // 1 cairo_destroy (cr); cairo_surface_write_to_png (surface, "hello.png"); // 0 cairo_surface_destroy (surface); return 0; } Valgrind outputs ==5178== definitely lost: 7,936 bytes in 28 blocks ==5178== indirectly lost: 8,510 bytes in 374 blocks ==5178== possibly lost: 1,514 bytes in 21 blocks ==5178== still reachable: 567,835 bytes in 5,069 block And complains about libfontconfig, and glib. Are there any missing cleanup above? If not should I care about it (post a bug report), or is it the lazy free policy of the GNOME project that shows up again? A: I can get this from ==8376== definitely lost: 3,840 bytes in 12 blocks ==8376== indirectly lost: 7,822 bytes in 339 blocks ==8376== possibly lost: 1,514 bytes in 21 blocks ==8376== still reachable: 573,848 bytes in 4,977 blocks to ==8394== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==8394== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==8394== possibly lost: 1,514 bytes in 21 blocks ==8394== still reachable: 60,064 bytes in 368 blocks via adding pango_cairo_font_map_set_default(NULL); cairo_debug_reset_static_data(); FcFini(); at the end of the file. Note that FcFini() needs an extra #include <fontconfig/fontconfig.h> and linking against fontconfig. From a quick look, the remaining complaints from valgrind are from GLib's type system getting set up. As far as I know, there is not much one can do to get rid of those false-positives. <\|endoftext\|>Lagochile är ett släkte av skalbaggar. Lagochile ingår i familjen Rutelidae. Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life: Källor Skalbaggar Lagochile<\|endoftext\|>Q: How to get requests of an Element tag using Selenium How to get request of a element by using selenium. public void TestFlightSubmit(){ driver.findElement(By.className("primaryBtn font24 latoBlack widgetSearchBtn")); } Is there any way so that I can get request of this element by passing its className and save it into my HAR file. Failed to get all the Page View requests and Clicked Requests on the web application I had coded a test case for Automation in Selenium to get all the requests on the web page including Clicked Elements. But I think I'm not able to get all the requests on my web page. Can anyone help me how can I get all requests especially Clicked Elements Requests. My Code: @BeforeTest public void setUp(){ proxy = new BrowserMobProxyServer(); proxy.start(3000); Proxy seleniumProxy = ClientUtil.createSeleniumProxy(proxy); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY, seleniumProxy); System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", driverPath+"chromedriver"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities); proxy.enableHarCaptureTypes(CaptureType.REQUEST_CONTENT, CaptureType.REQUEST_BINARY_CONTENT, CaptureType.REQUEST_HEADERS, CaptureType.REQUEST_COOKIES); proxy.newHar("MakeMyTripSearchFlights"); driver.get("https://www.makemytrip.com/"); } @Test(expectedExceptions = { IOException.class }) public void TestFlightSubmit(){ driver.findElement(By.className("primaryBtn font24 latoBlack widgetSearchBtn")); } <\|endoftext\|>Stephen Near Writer LARP Fiction Through the Looking Glass: The Culture of Conspiracy in JFK (Part 5) Posted bysnear1701 December 31, 2021 Posted inUncategorized By the end of the nineties, my obsession with conspiracies was being replaced by a greater sense of awareness in my own politics. I took an interest in current affairs, started watching The West Wing and followed with rapt disbelief the 2000 election victory of George W. Bush. 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fiasco? Perhaps. But my distance from the state of Florida, and my own ignorance of the U.S. political apparatus, extinguished my outrage. Closer to home, my belief in conspiracies as alternate histories engendered a deeper fascination with the notion of alternate realities. I devoured The Holographic Universe by Michael Talbot, framed images of spiral galaxies for my one bedroom apartment, and toured the theatre circuit with a play about grief and theoretical physics. No longer fixated on grey aliens or Area 51, the rants of paranoia that had been so captivating were now replaced by equally alien yet hopefully plausible essays on parallel dimensions. The key word being hope. After a decade of the endless cynicism of conspiracy, I sought answers that might provide a ray of light from the dark paranoia of nineties. I still believed in those answers on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. I had not experienced the Kennedy assassination, myself, but am told by those who did that 9/11 evoked a similar, gut response. A palpable knowing that something had changed and our society would never be the same again. Watching the devastation in New York and Washington in real time, it was as if all of the nightmares of the military industrial complex Stone had warned of in JFK had now so terribly come home to roost. The War on Terror began. Kabul was bombed. Iraq was invaded. And the world collectively began to march to the drumhead beat of an ideological conflict that is still being fought today. Like so many others, 9/11 was the beginning of my unknown reality. Not long afterwards, as was expected, the conspiracy theories began. But not of the hidden plans of the hijackers or the long involvement of Bin Laden with Saudi oil interests. And not even the multiple warnings to U.S. intelligence agencies that went unheeded. The emerging conspiracy theories that took hold involved remote-piloted planes, controlled demolitions, and Bin Laden as an agent provocateur. Fuelled by Internet forums, and popularized by the Loose Change series of films, 9/11 conspiracies attempted and, in some circles, succeeded in establishing alternate narratives for the tragedy of the day. But I didn’t embrace them. It seemed the more I was exposed to such theories the firmer I was in my rejections. Not long afterwards, I also dismissed the idea that alien spacecraft had been reverse engineered at Area 51. And just within the last decade, after reviewing new evidence and research, I’ve come to reevaluate my stance of the Kennedy assassination. Perhaps I had been so immersed in the culture of paranoia that, when confronted with my own personal assassination moment, I rejected outlandish plots in favour of Occam’s Razor. I decried the racism of anti-Muslim hysteria, I marched in anti-war demonstrations and I spoke out against the silencing of writers protesting the War on Terror. I needed no allegations of controlled demolition to be outraged and angry; the ever present spectre of U.S. foreign policy provided me with more than enough. Oliver Stone’s JFK was a watershed moment for culture that brought long forgotten or buried details about the assassination into the public eye. Like the projector in the film’s courtroom sequence, it shone new light on the Zapruder film and invited further speculation about the dark dealings of the U.S. government. Indeed, the film can be credited with legislative action allowing for the release of previously classified CIA and FBI documents pertaining to the assassination. But with the public eye came public scrutiny and, in the years after its release, the film was often derided as a historical fallacy. But, in the end, does that really matter? Now seen as a cinematic and technical marvel of propaganda, Stone’s work on JFK has served to both define and fuel the paranoid form in our culture. Through the medium of film, it pulled audiences like myself, through the looking glass into an undiscovered country of truth, lies and the grey in-between. Thanks for taking the time to read this extended post. I hope you enjoyed it and continue to follow my blog for more articles and essays in 2022. Stephen Near Writer, Blog at WordPress.com.<\|endoftext\|>Spaces are approximately 10’ x 12’ with additional storage behind your display. We do our best to give everyone a corner space by the way we lay out the booths. You will be allowed to drive into the parking area adjacent to the booth display area you my need to dolly 50 or more feet to your space to unload. Artist parking is a five-minute walk to the show. A shuttle may be available with driver to get you back and forth to your inventory. Double spaces are available. Display surface is crushed shell, pavement, and grass you must use weights, and or stakes. Limited electricity is available by request, decided by first arrival of application in the mail. All spaces are handicapped accessible. Exhibitors should make arrangements for wind or rain, as this is an open-air venue. The Festival will go on rain or shine. # Festival Brochure featuring general event information and sponsor listings available at locations throughout the festival location for a month in advance of event. Theee jpeg images added online application. Check-in will begin on Thursday at 10am. Artists who do not check in prior to 8PM Thursday must contact the festival director to declare their arrival and set up time. All artists must be up and running at 9:00 AM Friday. AArtist parking is at The Community Church and a shuttle is provided. There is no charge for parking. Exhibitors may begin to break down their displays at the close of the show, Saturday at 4:00pm. Break down must be completed by 8:00pm. All ZIP TIES must be removed from premises. All vehicles must be removed from location and artist parking Friday. No artist shall park at the library or at City Hall. Artists may only display and sell work in the category that they are accepted into. Exhibiting artists must be 18 years or older and must be present during all show hours. Agents or representatives of the artist do not replace the requirement of the artist to be present during show hours. Assistants are welcome, but not in place of the artist. Any artist leaving prior to the end of the show will be unable to exhibit in any other boulderbrook productions event. Booth sitters will be provided as demand permits.<\|endoftext\|>Kamakhya, A Socio-Cultural Study is a comprehensive book on the Kamakhya temple complex in Guwahati, Assam. The book is authored by Nihar Ranjan Mishra and published by D. K. Printworld Pvt Ltd in 2004. The book makes a detailed study of the temple rituals, festivals and personnel and socio-cultural life and includes an account on spread of Saktism in the region. References External links 2005 non-fiction books Indian non-fiction books Assamese literature Books from Assam History books about India 21st-century Indian books<\|endoftext\|>Q: How to fix the permission denied error? (happens in any IDE) I am trying to run a python file. But i got this error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "modeltraining.py", line 29, in <module> sr,audio = read(source + path) File "C:\Users\RAAM COMPUTERS\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\io\wavfile.py", line 233, in read fid = open(filename, 'rb') PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'development_set/' A: Run Spyder as administrator Right click --> run as administrator Or may be you can change the permissions of the directory you want to save to so that all users have read and write permissions. A: After some time relaunching Anaconda and Spyder, I got an alert from Avast antivirus about protecting me from a malicious file, the one I was trying to create. After allowing it, the "[Errno 13] Permission denied" error disappeared. In my case, it seem the cause of the problem was Avast locking the directory. numpy.save(array, path) worked fine, but PIL.Image().save(path) was blocked. A: I am completely late to the party, but here is a tip for someone who tried everything and it didn't work. In Spyder go to python->PYTHONPATH manager and add path to the folder with your data there. Worked for me A: I had the permission error when accessing a file on an external card. I guess the error has nothing to do with anaconda, that is just accidentally in the traceback. Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Admin\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 3343, in run_code exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns) File "<ipython-input-2-219c041de52a>", line 105, in <module> bs = open(filename, 'rb').read() PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'D:\\[MYFILEPATH]\\test.bson' I have checked this error in Spyder and PyCharm, it seems to be independent from the IDE. 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String of public agencies lease offices at Funan A STRING of government bodies have leased office space at the revamped Funan in the North Bridge Road/Hill Street location. These include the Department of Statistics (DOS), organ of state Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC) and the Smart Nation and Digital Government Office (SNDGO), which are leasing a total of about 8,590 sq m (or 92,462 sq ft) of net lettable office space in the South Tower office block of Funan. The Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) will be taking 360 sq m. The Government Technology Agency (GovTech) will occupy 170 sq m there - but this will be within the co-working facility to be operated by WeWork in the building's North Tower office block. The Business Times understands that WeWork has increased the space it is leasing at Funan from 40,000 sq ft to 70,000 sq ft. DOS, which will move to Funan later this year, now operates out of The Treasury next door. "DOS works closely with many of the agencies in The Treasury, and being in Funan will facilitate these work interactions. DOS will be occupying about 5,000 sq m in Funan's South Tower office block, similar to its current office space at The Treasury," a Ministry of Finance (MOF) spokesman told BT. MOF owns The Treasury and is also housed there. Also in the building are the Trade and Industry and Law ministries, the Prime Minister's Office Strategy Group, the Public Service Division and Accountant-General's Department. The roughly 20-year-old Treasury has about 24,000 sq m (about 258,334 sq ft) net lettable area (NLA). The space now occupied by DOS at The Treasury will be taken up by other government units, said the MOF spokesman. An AGC spokesman told BT that by early next year, part of the AGC will be relocated to Funan, where it will occupy about 1,790 sq m in the South Tower. "This is in line with AGC's need for more office space in order to accommodate the increased headcount to manage the government-wide increase in demand for legal services," she added. The organ of state operates out of One Upper Pickering in Chinatown near the State Courts. It has a long lease for the whole of the 15-storey office building, which has about 87,070 sq ft NLA. The AGC began operating from there in March 2013. Market watchers note that a presence at Funan will place the AGC near the Supreme Court Building, which houses the High Court and Court of Appeal. It also marks the AGC's return to where it once was - in leased premises at The Adelphi - before its move to One Upper Pickering. That move was triggered by a lease expiry; the landlord had said then that it had plans for the premises, it was reported. SNDGO's spokesman told BT that it will move to Funan's South Tower by year's end, taking up about 1,800 sq m. "The relocation would better meet SNDGO's needs," he added. The agency is now in Raffles City Tower. GovTech's spokesman told BT that it will be taking co-working space at Funan to work more closely with SNDGO to "build digital solutions for citizens and businesses". The two agencies make up the Smart Nation and Digital Government Group (SNDGG). Funan, redeveloped from the former Funan DigitaLife Mall, has about 887,000 sq ft gross floor area. It comprises a retail component (held through CapitaLand Mall Trust or CMT), two office towers (held by trusts fully owned by CMT), and the lyf co-living serviced residences. The serviced residence component is owned by a fully-owned subsidiary of Ascott Serviced Residence (Global) Fund. Retail tenants in the development include Golden Village, FairPrice Finest and theatre company Wild Rice. The mall will use experiential retail concepts with the integration of online, offline, data and logistics offerings. Source: Business Times, 9 Apr 2019 Tagged: Rental, Funan, WeWork Newer PostRejuvenating CBD with new integrated buildings 'visionary': JLL Older PostUber launches Asia-Pacific hub in Singapore, no plans to restart services in South-east Asia<\|endoftext\|>Two people shared the highest-profile award at the ninth annual Healthcare Financial Management Association Awards in London. Colin Martin and Bill Shields were jointly awarded the Finance Director of the Year Award. Colin Martin is finance director of Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust and Bill Shields of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. The panel of judges, which included outgoing HFMA president Tony Whitfield, selected Colin and Bill because of their strong leadership.<\|endoftext\|>Q: How do I share NSNumberFormatter over multiple NIB files? I'm working on an NSPersistentDocument based app that has a per-document currency setting. Preferably, I would like to use a single NSNumberFormatter currencyFormatter for all my NIB files, but there doesn't seem to be any easy way to bind, say, NSTextField formatter to document.currencyFormatter or something similar. I'm pretty sure it is possible to do this using code, adding bindings manually, but it is quite a bit of work since I have many fields using the currency formatter. What is the best option to share the currency formatter across multiple NIB files? A: Here I suggest two ways: * Subclass the NSNumberFormatter and make it be a singleton (the init method return the same object every time is called).Then drag an object in every xib file and set it's class to the name of the NSNumberFormatter subclass; Just use the bindings inspector to bind each formatter to document.currencyFormatter. PS: I'm not sure if I completely understand what you're asking, tell me if one of these would be a valid solution to you. <\|endoftext\|>Q: build dynamic linq query in where clause I want to build a dynamic query that able to extend the where clause condition if the value of the object is not empty string. Here is the code public IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilter(Filter filter) { var y = ConditionalAttribute(filter); var query = from sub in Subscriptions join u in Users on sub.UserID equals u.Id join od in Order_Details1 on sub.OD_Id equals od.OD_Id join p in Products on od.ProductId equals p.ProductId where p.Type == "Testing" + y select new Filter { //do something }; for the Filter Object, here is the code public class Filter { public int UserId { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set;} } the idea is if the filter.FirstName is not null it will append the where clause like this public String ConditionalAttribute(Filter filter) { if(filter.FirstName!= "") return "&& u.First_Name = " + filter.FirstName + ""; } Is there any way to append where clause by string like the code above? Because I've tried the approach above and it fails thanks A: Create as many dynamic terms as you want to use in small methods that return an IQueryable. public IQueryable ConditionalAttribute(IQueryable query, Filter filter) { if(filter.FirstName!= "") { query = query.Where(x => x.First_Name == filter.FirstName); } return query; } then apply them after the initial LINQ statement as you require: public IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilter(Filter filter) { var query = from sub in Subscriptions join u in Users on sub.UserID equals u.Id join od in Order_Details1 on sub.OD_Id equals od.OD_Id join p in Products on od.ProductId equals p.ProductId where p.Type == "Testing" select new Filter { //do something }; query = ConditionalAttribute(query, filter); The statement isn't going to run until you project it into by using.ToList() or FirstOrDefault() or something like that so you can keep chaining onto query in this way as many times as you need. A: I tend to prefer using standard C# syntax rather than the LINQ syntax, but, having said that, I find that LINQ syntax is more elegant when it comes to joining queries. Here's an approach which utilizes the standard C# syntax to dynamically filter the source containers, then uses LINQ syntax to create the joining query. public IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilter(Filter filter) { var y = ConditionalAttribute(filter); IEnumerable<User> filteredUsers = Users; if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filter.FirstName)) { filteredUsers = filteredUsers.Where(u => u.First_Name == filter.FirstName); } var query = from sub in Subscriptions	redpajama	[ 2776, 273, 1345, 11009, 16959, 14145, 387, 15955, 266, 187, 34, 18443, 2637, 273, 2208, 8248, 452, 44955, 3906, 2317, 387, 253, 3585, 17263, 15955, 266, 275, 253, 3729, 15454, 8669, 16, 38359, 5720, 4328, 15, 187, 6872, 2486, 253, 4487, 273, 23363, 313, 37, 2697, 10, 1157, 1963, 273, 1375, 10158, 14, 13425, 434, 40972, 313, 2696, 36, 10, 285, 253, 19778, 15963, 285, 16132, 7295, 7454, 313, 52, 6577, 10993, 582, 534, 403, 458, 2355, 247, 2264, 273, 670, 854, 13, 44729, 34703, 278, 313, 263, 11266, 13, 34333, 34703, 23899, 10, 273, 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Q: cassandra: strategy for single datacenter deployment We are planning to use apache shiro & cassandra for distributed session management very similar to mentioned @ https://github.com/lhazlewood/shiro-cassandra-sample Need advice on deployment for cassandra in Amazon EC2: In EC2, we have below setup: Single region, 2 Availability Zones(AZ), 4 Nodes Accordingly, cassandra is configured: Single DataCenter: DC1 two Racks: Rack1, Rack2 4 Nodes: Rack1_Node1, Rack1_Node2, Rack2_Node1, Rack2_Node2 Data Replication Strategy used is NetworkTopologyStrategy Since Cassandra is used as session datastore, we need high consistency and availability. My Questions: * How many replicas shall I keep in a cluster? Thinking of 2 replicas, 1 per rack. What shall be the consistency level(CL) for read and write operations? Thinking of QUORUM for both read and write, considering 2 replicas in a cluster. In case 1 rack is down, would Cassandra write & read succeed with the above configuration? I know it can use the hinted-hands-off for temporary down node, but does it work for both read/write operations? Any other suggestion for my requirements? A: Generally going for an even number of nodes is not the best idea, as is going for an even number of availability zones. In this case, if one of the racks fails, the entire cluster will be gone. I'd recommend to go for 3 racks with 1 or 2 nodes per rack, 3 replicas and QUORUM for read and write. Then the cluster would only fail if two nodes/AZ fail. A: You probably have heard of the CAP theorem in database theory. If not, You may learn the details about the theorem in wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem, or just google it. It says for a distributed database with multiple nodes, a database can only achieve two of the following three goals: consistency, availability and partition tolerance. Cassandra is designed to achieve high availability and partition tolerance (AP), but sacrifices consistency to achieve that. However, you could set consistency level to all in Cassandra to shift it to CA, which seems to be your goal. Your setting of quorum 2 is essentially the same as "all" since you have 2 replicas. But in this setting, if a single node containing the data is down, the client will get an error message for read/write (not partition-tolerant). You may take a look at a video here to learn some more (it requires a datastax account): https://academy.datastax.com/courses/ds201-cassandra-core-concepts/introduction-big-data <\|endoftext\|>'use strict'; const common = require('../common'); if (!common.hasCrypto) common.skip('missing crypto'); const assert = require('assert'); const tls = require('tls'); assert.throws( () => tls.createSecureContext({ ciphers: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'The "options.ciphers" property must be of type string.' + 'Received type number (1)' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ ciphers: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'The "options.ciphers" property must be of type string.' + 'Received type number (1)' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createSecureContext({ key: 'dummykey', passphrase: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'Pass phrase must be a string' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ key: 'dummykey', passphrase: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'Pass phrase must be a string' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ ecdhCurve: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'ECDH curve name must be a string' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ handshakeTimeout: 'abcd' }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'The "options.handshakeTimeout" property must be of type number.' + " Received type string ('abcd')" } ); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ sessionTimeout: 'abcd' }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'Session timeout must be a 32-bit integer' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ ticketKeys: 'abcd' }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'Ticket keys must be a buffer' }); assert.throws(() => tls.createServer({ ticketKeys: Buffer.alloc(0) }), /TypeError: Ticket keys length must be 48 bytes/); assert.throws( () => tls.createSecurePair({}), { message: 'context must be a SecureContext', code: 'ERR_TLS_INVALID_CONTEXT', name: 'TypeError', } ); { const buffer = Buffer.from('abcd'); const out = {}; tls.convertALPNProtocols(buffer, out); out.ALPNProtocols.write('efgh'); assert(buffer.equals(Buffer.from('abcd'))); assert(out.ALPNProtocols.equals(Buffer.from('efgh'))); } { const arrayBufferViewStr = 'abcd'; const inputBuffer = Buffer.from(arrayBufferViewStr.repeat(8), 'utf8'); for (const expectView of common.getArrayBufferViews(inputBuffer)) { const out = {}; tls.convertALPNProtocols(expectView, out); assert(out.ALPNProtocols.equals(Buffer.from(expectView))); } } { const protocols = [(new String('a')).repeat(500)]; const out = {}; assert.throws( () => tls.convertALPNProtocols(protocols, out), { code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE', message: 'The byte length of the protocol at index 0 exceeds the'+ 'maximum length. It must be <= 255. Received 500' } ); } assert.throws(() => { tls.createSecureContext({ minVersion: 'fhqwhgads' }); }, { code: 'ERR_TLS_INVALID_PROTOCOL_VERSION', name: 'TypeError' }); assert.throws(() => { tls.createSecureContext({ maxVersion: 'fhqwhgads' }); }, { code: 'ERR_TLS_INVALID_PROTOCOL_VERSION', name: 'TypeError' }); <\|endoftext\|>Sahil (Registered since May-2018) last updated this job 40 minutes ago via website & 1536 candidates already applied for this job out of 1700 candidates who visited this job so far on Clickindia. Eligibility:- Minimum10th/ 12th passed. Any undergraduate/graduate/post graduate candidate can apply. B.E/xxxx.xxxxx.xxxx candidates can also apply. Skill Set Required:- Good English communication skills are mandatory. Interested candidates can directly contact us. Related searches for "Back Office Executives Jobs in DelhiNcr-93158O4895"<\|endoftext\|>Q: Google sheets Filter formula for text containing I am unable to make the below filter formula work. Notice that I am trying to refer to the sheet "Data" and filter them into another sheet. I get error saying there were no matches. =FILTER(Data!A3:Data!J, ARRAYFORMULA(REGEXMATCH(Data!J3:Data!J, ".km."))) However, the above formula works when I insert it in the "Data" sheet. 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sheet. =FILTER(A3:J, ARRAYFORMULA(REGEXMATCH(J3:J, ".km."))) I tried using the below sets with same results. =FILTER(A3:J, REGEXMATCH(J3:J, ".km.")) =FILTER(Data!A3:Data!J, REGEXMATCH(Data!J3:Data!J, ".km.")) I have no problems filtering dates, numbers from "Data" sheet into my filtering sheet. It is only with "text contains" condition. Any help to resolve this is appreciated. A: The formula was wrong. I was using the "Data!" twice. The below code works. Phew! Switching between languages (autohotkey, html, javascript, LibreOffice basic) seems to be taking a toll. =FILTER(Data!A3:J, REGEXMATCH(Data!J3:J, ".km.")) <\|endoftext\|>Ким А Ён (, ; род. 6 ноября 1992) — южнокорейская певица и актриса, более известна под сценическим именем Юра (, ). Является участницей южнокорейской женской группы Girl’s Day. Ранние годы и образование Юра родилась 6 ноября 1992 года в Ульсане, Южная Корея. Она училась в Ульсанской высшей школе искусства, специализировавшись на танцах. Юра также поступила в Дондагский Женский Университет вместе с Миной. Карьера В 2010 году Юра стала участницей Girl’s Day, в которой она и Хери заменили бывших участниц (Джин и Джесон, которые были с группой на протяжении двух месяцев). До дебюта, Dream Tea способствовало промоушену с помощью: создания официального фан-кафе, канала на YouTube, а также создания аккаунтов в Twitter для каждой участницы. Кроме того, группа провела флэш-моб танец перед дебютом в коммерческих и развлекательных районах Сеула, тем самым, набрав большую популярность. В 2012 Юра осуществила свой актерский дебют, снявшись в китайской веб-дораме «Секретный Ангел», которая транслировалась по кабельному каналу Sohu TV. Она также выпустила сингл «I Want to Love Now», который исполнила вместе с Jevice. Позже, Юра сыграла второстепенную роль в «Для Тебя во Всем Свету», сыграв поклонницу Ким Тэ Джина. В 2014 Юра снялась в клипе Исона «Night and Day» с C.A.P и Teen Top. Позже она приняла участие в съемках реалити-шоу «Молодожены» вместе с моделью Хон Чжон Хёном. Кроме того, Юра является ведущей на совместном корейско-китайском шоу программы-прослушивания «Super Idol». В 2016 Юра снялась в «Вкусная Дорога», канала MBC вместе с Ким Мин Джуном. Судебные процесс 8 ноября 2010 года экс-управляющая компания Action Music Entertainment подала судебный запрет против Юры, останавливая её от подписания второго контракта с Dram Tea Entertainment. Агентство желало приостановить деятельность всех 4 участниц на неопределенный срок, пока проблема не будет решена. В ответ на это представители Dram Tea заявили, что Action Music нарушили договорные условия: компания не платила за депозитный договор в течение трех недель, при условии достаточной поддержки, обманывали Юру с ложными утверждениями о широковещательной деятельности, и заставляли её покрывать все расходы. Dram Tea также пояснил, что родители Юры завершили все надлежащие процедуры, чтобы прекратить её контракт с Action Music до подписания контракта с Dram Tea. Иск продолжился, когда Action Music сообщило о том, что у них есть видео-доказательство непристойного поведения Юры. 20 января 2011 суд вынес решение в пользу Юры. Дискография Фильмография Телесериалы Развлекательные шоу Появление в видеоклипах Награды и номинации Ссылки Yura в Twitter Yura на Internet Movie Database Yura в HanCinema Музыканты Girl's Day<\|endoftext\|>Q: ASP.NET MVC Custom Authorization : AuthorizeAttribute I'm following this tutorial link I have a table users {iduser, user, pass, role} I'm using this users : string[] users = db.users.Select(t => t.user).ToArray(); instead of : string[] users = Users.Split(','); Is it ok? My problem is with roles : SiteRoles role = (SiteRoles)httpContext.Session["role"]; Q: Where do I store the role for my user? My simplified account controller: [HttpPost] public ActionResult Login(LoginModel model) { HeliosEntities db = new HeliosEntities(); if (ModelState.IsValid) { bool userok = db.users.Any(t => t.user == model.UserName && t.pass == model.Password); if (userok == true) { FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(model.UserName, model.RememberMe); return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); } { ModelState.AddModelError("", "Incorect password or user!"); } } return View(); } A: A quick look at your link above shows that it is getting the user's role from session: (SiteRoles)httpContext.Session["role"]; so you need to set the session value when the user logs in, for example: var userRole = Roles.Admin \| Roles.User; httpContext.Session["role"] = role; I don't know where you store the information about what role the user is in though. <\|endoftext\|>Our helpful storage experts are just a phone call away. They can answer your questions ranging from what kind of payment plan is right for you, to helping you determine what size storage unit is best for your needs and budget. All major credit cards are accepted, as well as personal check and cash, so making a payment is easy. 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Lance Armstrong, road racing cyclist, 7 time (and counting) Tour De France winner, is a Mac user. He has a Mac laptop and chills to music from an iPod when he is training or racing. Lance had an injury earlier this year that required surgery. This is the post operation video interview with him. Lance Armstrong discusses a little about the surgery, and using his Mac (Apple MacBook Pro), Lance shows his medical x-ray photo from the surgery. He only took a few days off. Then back to training for Tour De France. Gotta admire the dedication. Lance is currently racing in the 2009 Tour de France. Tour de France is an extremely challenging annual bicycle race that attracts top competition cyclists from around the world. The race lasts 23 days and covers over 2000 miles through France and bordering countries. Lance also enjoys some of his time relaxing to music from his Apple iPod. What’s on Lance’s Apple iPod? “Times like These” by the Foo Fighters. You can pretty much count on the Foo Fighters to get your heart rate up. He [Lance] has a little bit of Linkin Park on his (Tour) playlist, some of the new Coldplay, some U2 and some things I haven’t heard of, like POD. This entry was posted on Tuesday, July 14th, 2009 at 10:25 pm and is filed under Celebs with Macs. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.<\|endoftext\|>ANTHONY HAYBLE'S NEW BLOG SITE FOR MOST CURRENT NEWS & CELEBRITY NEWS, GOSIPS AND EVENTS Missing British schoolgirl found in Trinidad as police investigate disappearance Posted byanthonyhayble January 8, 2023 Posted inUncategorized Delika White Lezama A British teenager who went missing while on holiday with her family in Trinidad more than two weeks ago has been found safe and well by police in Trinidad and Tobago. Delika White Lezama,13, of Greenford, London, disappeared while on a trip with her mother and brother to Trinidad to visit their grandmother. The teenager was last seen on a back road after going to a corner shop near her grandmother’s house in Sangre Grande town at around 4 pm on December 17. Speaking from the southern Caribbean island, team captain Vallence Rambharat, who was leading the search with his group Hunters Search and Rescue to locate the teenager, said that she has been located and was being reunited with her family. “Delika White Lezama has been safely located at 5:15 pm this evening. After weeks of hard work by her family, the anti-kidnapping unit of the Trinidad police, the Sangre Grande police officers, and the Hunters Search and Rescue team, it has paid off. She has been found. The matter is still receiving the attention of the [police],” Mr Rambharat said. Delika White Lezama was last seen after visiting a corner shop last month She was last seen on a back road after visiting a corner shop near her grandmother’s house in the town of Sangre Grande at around 4 pm on December 17. Her family desperately began searching for her after realising she hadn’t come home 10 minutes later but were unable to find any trace of the teenager. Since her disappearance, the family has sent several messages to Delika’s phone which had been delivered but appear not to have been read. Her mum said: “The police told me they have some camera footage from the area that she walked, and they’re still waiting for footage of people around the area as well. “The police have searched people’s houses, but we haven’t found her. They’ve searched the rivers and the bushes to see if she’s in the area.” Mr Rambharat, whose organisation searches for missing persons in Trinidad and Tobago, said that they work closely with the local police to share and gather information. “We all worked together on this and we are happy that she was found safe this afternoon,” Mr Rambharat said.”The police investigations are continuing and ongoing.” Trinidad police say that there is not much that can be said right now as they impose a news blackout. A local official said that the matter still has to be fully investigated by the police. “The police need to know what really happened to her and where she was all this time that she was reported missing,” the official said. “They will be speaking to her to find out more.” Published by anthonyhayble I AM A PROFESSIONAL BLOGGER WHO BLOGS ON EVENTS, NEWS AND CELEBRITY ACTIVITIES. YOU WILL GET THE LATEST BLOGGING UPDATES WITH UP TO DATE NEWS AND EVENTS THAT MIGHT INTEREST YOU. COMMENTS AND LIKES ARE ALSO WELCOMED. I AM STILL IN THE PROCESS OF BUILDING AND UPDATING MY BLOGS AND IT WOULD BE UP AND RUNNING SHORTLY. THIS IS STILL A NEW SITE AND WILL GREATLY IMPROVE WITH TIME View more posts Brexit is just one of the three Tory errors that have brought Britain to its knees ‘No role’ for Prince Harry at King Charles’ coronation ANTHONY HAYBLE'S NEW BLOG SITE FOR MOST CURRENT NEWS & CELEBRITY NEWS, GOSIPS AND EVENTS, Blog at WordPress.com.<\|endoftext\|>Q: Angular 5 - data not binding after redirect I have problem with data binding while I am redirecting from one view to another. I am filling the form data in "http://localhost:4200/create" view and then redirecting to "http://localhost:4200/settle/9ed5509c-ecd6-4895-96eb-a2efa04bae6d" (url with token). Nothing is binded correctly after redirection (no binding made at all) but I click refresh (ctrl+r on chrome) then biding is made properly. create.component.ts onSubmit() { this.model.token = UUID.UUID(); this.settleService .addSettle(this.model) .subscribe(settle => this.settles.push(settle)); this.router .navigate([`settle`, this.model.token]) .then(() => console.log(`Redirection to settle details made!`)); this.submitted = true; } settle.component.ts - ngOnInit() method ngOnInit() { this.getSettle(); this.currentUrl = window.location.href; this.show = false; } settle.component.ts - getSettle() method getSettle(): void { const token = this.route.snapshot.paramMap.get('id'); this.settleService .getSettle(token) .subscribe(settle => this.settle = settle, null, () => this.BindEditUrl()); } A: Ok I figure it out. Mistake was simple - redirection was made before getting response from backend (HTTP POST create settle). I put redirect logic after backend response and everything works now. Working code: create.component.ts - onSubmit() method onSubmit() { this.model.token = UUID.UUID(); this.settleService .addSettle(this.model) .subscribe(settle => this.settles.push(settle), null, () => this.redirectToSettleDetails()); this.submitted = true; } create.component.ts - redirectToSettleDetails() method redirectToSettleDetails(): void { this.router .navigate([`settle`, this.model.token]) .then(() => console.log(`Redirection to settle details made!`)); } <\|endoftext\|>It searches the Tweets of Twitter around Dhartak Damdam, Lahaul And Spiti, Himachal Pradesh 30km. Riding Solo is for the travel enthusiasts to take away all of their travelling headaches and help them in meeting their true selves. A fascinating landscape view is waiting you..! Some fun on the road to Kaza in March 2019. Tabo. Himachal Pradesh. INDIA. The Spiti flowing along the road to Kaza from Tabo. March 2019. Himachal Pradesh. India.<\|endoftext\|>Want it by Wednesday 24th April? Order within 7 hours, 16 minutes and choose Special Delivery at checkout. A highly polished 10mm 14 carat rose gold plated stainless steel gem top which won't tarnish and is hard-wearing. It has a sparkling, faceted purple amethyst coloured Swarovski Crystal and can be added to any QUDO ring base to make a beautiful, statement ring.<\|endoftext\|>Q: can't connect to database by executable file i wrote a program that need to connect to database to insert some data, my executable file not connect to database but when i checked with code connection established! i don't know what is problem, do you know what is problem? i use Qt to connect to database and my database is on mySql and here is how	redpajama	[ 45, 593, 29915, 13, 3971, 16893, 6776, 382, 13, 818, 673, 313, 395, 15496, 10, 11997, 1605, 6181, 13688, 13, 310, 247, 5602, 2608, 15, 754, 556, 247, 5602, 16556, 285, 448, 3171, 281, 3440, 432, 271, 41020, 672, 344, 310, 3733, 390, 16893, 15, 187, 45, 593, 574, 271, 4975, 4321, 436, 807, 326, 2424, 5869, 15, 831, 310, 253, 1501, 4254, 3492, 4572, 342, 779, 15, 35463, 29915, 25339, 247, 1652, 670, 253, 5869, 13, 285, 970, 521, 5602, 313, 25989, 5602, 12323, 1294, 582, 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i connect : soccer_db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QMYSQL", "sss"); soccer_db.setHostName(addrrFile.c_str()); soccer_db.setDatabaseName("sss"); soccer_db.open(); if (!soccer_db.open()){ emit dsignal("ssss not opened. Ckech whether server is down or change config file"); return false; } A: You are getting a failure because you try to open the database twice. The first attempt succeeds but the second one fails. Remove the first call to open, like this soccer_db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QMYSQL", "sss"); soccer_db.setHostName(addrrFile.c_str()); soccer_db.setDatabaseName("sss"); if (!soccer_db.open()){ emit dsignal("ssss not opened. Ckech whether server is down or change config file"); return false; } A: i want to answer my question, in qt you should address your files completely not relative address, if you need to address completely you can give current directory by QtDir <\|endoftext\|>import sys from telemetry.core import util from telemetry import decorators from telemetry.internal.browser import browser_finder from telemetry.internal.browser import browser_finder_exceptions from telemetry.internal.browser import browser_options from telemetry.internal.platform import device_finder from telemetry.internal.util import command_line from telemetry.testing import browser_test_case from telemetry.testing import options_for_unittests util.AddDirToPythonPath(util.GetTelemetryThirdPartyDir(), 'typ') import typ class RunTestsCommand(command_line.OptparseCommand): """Run unit tests""" usage = '[test_name...] [<options>]' def __init__(self): super(RunTestsCommand, self).__init__() self.stream = sys.stdout @classmethod def CreateParser(cls): options = browser_options.BrowserFinderOptions() options.browser_type = 'any' parser = options.CreateParser('%%prog %s' % cls.usage) return parser @classmethod def AddCommandLineArgs(cls, parser, _): parser.add_option('--repeat-count', type='int', default=1, help='Repeats each a provided number of times.') parser.add_option('-d', '--also-run-disabled-tests', dest='run_disabled_tests', action='store_true', default=False, help='Ignore @Disabled and @Enabled restrictions.') parser.add_option('--exact-test-filter', action='store_true', default=False, help='Treat test filter as exact matches (default is ' 'substring matches).') typ.ArgumentParser.add_option_group(parser, "Options for running the tests", running=True, skip=['-d', '-v', '--verbose']) typ.ArgumentParser.add_option_group(parser, "Options for reporting the results", reporting=True) @classmethod def ProcessCommandLineArgs(cls, parser, args, _): # We retry failures by default unless we're running a list of tests # explicitly. if not args.retry_limit and not args.positional_args: args.retry_limit = 3 try: possible_browser = browser_finder.FindBrowser(args) except browser_finder_exceptions.BrowserFinderException, ex: parser.error(ex) if not possible_browser: parser.error('No browser found of type %s. Cannot run tests.\n' 'Re-run with --browser=list to see ' 'available browser types.' % args.browser_type) @classmethod def main(cls, args=None, stream=None): # pylint: disable=W0221 # We override the superclass so that we can hook in the'stream' arg. parser = cls.CreateParser() cls.AddCommandLineArgs(parser, None) options, positional_args = parser.parse_args(args) options.positional_args = positional_args cls.ProcessCommandLineArgs(parser, options, None) obj = cls() if stream is not None: obj.stream = stream return obj.Run(options) def Run(self, args): possible_browser = browser_finder.FindBrowser(args) runner = typ.Runner() if self.stream: runner.host.stdout = self.stream # Telemetry seems to overload the system if we run one test per core, # so we scale things back a fair amount. Many of the telemetry tests # are long-running, so there's a limit to how much parallelism we # can effectively use for now anyway. # # It should be possible to handle multiple devices if we adjust the # browser_finder code properly, but for now we only handle one on ChromeOS. if possible_browser.platform.GetOSName() == 'chromeos': runner.args.jobs = 1 elif possible_browser.platform.GetOSName() == 'android': runner.args.jobs = len(device_finder.GetDevicesMatchingOptions(args)) print 'Running tests with %d Android device(s).' % runner.args.jobs elif possible_browser.platform.GetOSVersionName() == 'xp': # For an undiagnosed reason, XP falls over with more parallelism. # See crbug.com/388256 runner.args.jobs = max(int(args.jobs) // 4, 1) else: runner.args.jobs = max(int(args.jobs) // 2, 1) runner.args.metadata = args.metadata runner.args.passthrough = args.passthrough runner.args.path = args.path runner.args.retry_limit = args.retry_limit runner.args.test_results_server = args.test_results_server runner.args.test_type = args.test_type # Always print out test's timing info. runner.args.timing = True runner.args.top_level_dir = args.top_level_dir runner.args.verbose = args.verbosity runner.args.write_full_results_to = args.write_full_results_to runner.args.write_trace_to = args.write_trace_to runner.args.path.append(util.GetUnittestDataDir()) runner.classifier = GetClassifier(args, possible_browser) runner.context = args runner.setup_fn = _SetUpProcess runner.teardown_fn = _TearDownProcess runner.win_multiprocessing = typ.WinMultiprocessing.importable try: ret, _, _ = runner.run() except KeyboardInterrupt: print >> sys.stderr, "interrupted, exiting" ret = 130 return ret def GetClassifier(args, possible_browser): def ClassifyTest(test_set, test): name = test.id() if (not args.positional_args or _MatchesSelectedTest(name, args.positional_args, args.exact_test_filter)): assert hasattr(test, '_testMethodName') method = getattr(test, test._testMethodName) # pylint: disable=W0212 should_skip, reason = decorators.ShouldSkip(method, possible_browser) if should_skip and not args.run_disabled_tests: test_set.tests_to_skip.append(typ.TestInput(name, msg=reason)) elif decorators.ShouldBeIsolated(method, possible_browser): test_set.isolated_tests.append(typ.TestInput(name)) else: test_set.parallel_tests.append(typ.TestInput(name)) return ClassifyTest def _MatchesSelectedTest(name, selected_tests, selected_tests_are_exact): if not selected_tests: return False if selected_tests_are_exact: return any(name in selected	redpajama	[ 891, 4684, 1163, 187, 33353, 1209, 64, 5470, 426, 1165, 27683, 21563, 1450, 1911, 21563, 1587, 50, 46, 6328, 6350, 3, 1157, 346, 859, 84, 3287, 187, 50274, 33353, 1209, 64, 5470, 15, 1178, 15310, 2402, 9, 1911, 2676, 4505, 15, 68, 64, 1344, 6020, 187, 50274, 33353, 1209, 64, 5470, 15, 1178, 21563, 2402, 1587, 859, 84, 3287, 187, 50274, 33353, 1209, 64, 5470, 15, 5758, 1874, 187, 50274, 338, 6522, 33353, 1209, 64, 5470, 15, 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_tests) else: return any(test in name for test in selected_tests) def _SetUpProcess(child, context): # pylint: disable=W0613 args = context if args.device and args.device == 'android': android_devices = device_finder.GetDevicesMatchingOptions(args) args.device = android_devices[child.worker_num-1].guid options_for_unittests.Push(args) def _TearDownProcess(child, context): # pylint: disable=W0613 browser_test_case.teardown_browser() options_for_unittests.Pop() if __name__ == '__main__': ret_code = RunTestsCommand.main() sys.exit(ret_code) <\|endoftext\|>Galéria is een gemeente in het Franse departement Haute-Corse (regio Corsica) en telt 325 inwoners (2005). De plaats maakt deel uit van het arrondissement Calvi. Geografie De oppervlakte van Galéria bedraagt 152,5 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 2,1 inwoners per km². Demografie Onderstaande figuur toont het verloop van het inwonertal (bron: INSEE-tellingen). Gemeente in Haute-Corse<\|endoftext\|>Technology has made a big impact on our lives as humans over the past forty years. But now electronics are becoming more powerful and portable. Every single person travels with their phone or other favorite electronics on them, but what do you do when you see that terrible low battery signal and you are nowhere near a power outlet to charge? You could be lost in the middle of the woods and need a source of power to charge your device, and this is where the portable solar charger comes in. These types of chargers convert energy from the sun to charge the devices that are connected to it. They are great accessories to have in your camping or emergency gear as you will always have the sun to provide you with energy and ensure your devices have power. This buying guide of portable solar chargers has been put together to show you the best researched and reviewed portable solar chargers to keep your devices charged through the power of the sun. A portable solar charger to keep your eye on is the SunJack Solar Charger. We love this addition because it is highly rated, compact, and charges devices quickly. The Arc 20 from Voltaic Systems is the embodiment of what all solar chargers aspire to be. It offers you fast charging, a waterproof exterior, and compatibility for any device you can think of. With 20 watts of power, the V72 battery that is included can charge most laptops in 6.5 hours and around one hour for smartphones (under direct sunlight). The Arc 20 is designed to charge thousands of USB devices. Past the fact that it weighs only 3.25 pounds, you have a few carrying options. You can either choose to stash it inside of a pack or mount it on a backpack or bicycle with the sturdy metal grommets. Utilizing ETFE coating, you are promised folding panels that are waterproof, UV, and scratch-resistant. With this type of coating, you can expect it to last around three times longer than the average weather coating. There are no further seller options available; you only have the option for a 20-watt solar charger. For convenience, included with this panel is a USB-backup battery. So, even when the sun is not shining at all, you have a source of power as this battery will store its solar energy. It is difficult to ask for much further than Voltaic Systems provides here. Outside of a minor issue with the LED lighting, as it does not properly signify how much power your device has, everything is as close to perfection as you can get. Many of the same brilliant features from the last entry are also present with the solar charger from Wildtek. While they may exaggerate a bit on the maximum watt capacity, even though most manufacturers do, its waterproofness and compactness are superb. With the latest high-efficiency solar cells from SunPower, these panels are two times more efficient than many competitors. Also, the SmartCharge technology that is integrated will detect the USB-powered device and provide an appropriate charge. Whether you choose to use the carabiners to strap the panel to your backpack or not, either way, this solar charger is extremely lightweight and easily packable. It does not matter which conditions you plan on using this solar charger for, as long as the sun is visible, as it is constructed to be both waterproof and dustproof. Even the USB-port, when it is closed with the included silicone tab, manage to be waterproof. Again, there are no further options available; only the 21-watt version of the solar charger. Wildtek backs this solar charger with a full, two-year warranty. Past this, there is also a built-in stand that allows the panels to have superior access to the energy from the sun. Everything you could ever ask for, again, is present here. Although solar power is vitally important, arguably the best design feature here is the full waterproof construction. No need for rain and snow to affect your trip. Slow and steady sometimes does win the race and this solar charger exemplifies that perfectly. While it can be a little slow acting, it does a fantastic job od not only charging your devices but also protecting them against surges. The panel features dual-USB ports with iSolar Technology and also 18V DC output. This means you can charge 5V-powered gadgets and laptops alike. With 80-watts of power and a 22 percent efficiency rate, it will deliver the juice you need. This exact same power output is 1/3 lighter than solar silicon. In addition to this, there are eyeholes that allow you to attach the solar charger to a backpack or other bag. For outdoor use, the exterior is equipped with a dustproof, anti-shock, and water-resistant construction. But, these solar panels will also protect your connected devices from short circuits and surges. Depending on the price, you can either select a 5, 7.5, 10, or an 80-watt version of the same charger. Besides the solar charger itself, this also comes with carabiners, USB cables, a DC cable, an instruction manual, a clip line, and a cigarette lighter plug. The addition of multiple wattage sizes is a nice touch, as those looking to save money can sport for less. However, truly noteworthy here is the superb protection and rugged construction. Rest assured, both the panels and your device will be safe. It did not take too long for Voltaic Systems to make another appearance on this list and their Amp Charger, while not quite as good as the last, is more than capable in its own right. With its wide range of compatibility, this bad boy will charge thousands of devices. But, as long as you are under good sunlight, it also succeeds in charging devices with a total peak of 4.4-watts at 6 to 12 volts. With a weight of just over one pound, this will easily fit inside any bag you stuff it into. This could include dry bags, backpacks, duffle bags or any other travel bags. To withstand abuse from the most rugged of environments, the folding panels are coated with a self-healing urethane to provide a scratch-resistant, UV-resistant, and waterproof construction. For the first time, there are actually different selections of colors. You can choose from charcoal, silver and orange. In times when the sun is not shining, which is likely to happen at some point, there is an included V15 battery that will store solar power. This way, you still have a means to charge your devices. The solar panels themselves do not offer an immense amount of wattage, but the backup battery can be used for additional power. Plus, its rugged craftsmanship makes it ideal for any occasion you can imagine. The RavPower 16W Solar Phone Charger is a great, moderately-priced option for those looking for a charger that will do the trick on those long nature hikes. With its solar power technology, this case delivers ultra-efficient solar cells (over 20 percent) to power your phone when it has access to direct sunlight. At just 15 ounces, the RavPower 16W is lightweight especially for a three-panel design. While not the lightest on our list, it's definitely up there with the lightest. For its size that's especially impressive. While there are some more durable chargers on the list, the RavPower 16W scores moderately. Most reviewers don't see any damage on normal use but also noted that the panels didn't seem quite as integrated as other options on the list. While there are some drawbacks to this option, there is plenty to like. The fast charge, compact and portable design, and ease of use is something that many outdoors people enjoy when wanting to charge their devices. The SunJack Solar Charger is a great option for those looking for a sturdy and durable solar charger to take out into the wilderness. It will help to keep your devices charged while on the go and won't leave you stranded. 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to 25. To achieve the maximum amount of power it can, which is 40-watts, it can automatically adjust the current voltage. While it can be a little bulky, the panels can be folded down and fit snugly in any pack. But, if you wish to attach it, the eyeholes allow you to do that. For your protection, more specifically for your devices, this solar panel is certified by the FCC, RoHS and CE. In addition, it has surge protection and short circuit technology to prevent your devices from potential electrical failures. There are additional seller options, but they are all different from this version. Bulkiness aside, this solar panel would make a terrific addition to your arsenal of technology. Its solar technology, safety features, and foldable design truly do speak for themselves. If nothing else, YOLK will turn some heads thanks to the way they designed their Paper-Thin Solar Panel Charger. With the panels having magnets, you can snap together as many as you wish. Each has a specific amount of wattage and snapping more together gives you more power. Utilizing the most efficient solar panels in the world, YOLK manages to get around 23.7 percent efficiency from their panels. But, with the power of magnets, you can connect together as many as you wish for more wattage. As the panels are held together by magnets, you can disconnect them at will. Plus, there are holes that can be used as connectors when traveling. This solar charger has a water-resistance rating of IP54 and also is crafted to provide protection against dust. However, the USB-port can be susceptible to corrosion if any water gets inside. As each panel has 2.5-watts of power, you have a few choices at your disposal. You can either select one, two or three panels (going from 5 to 7.5 to 10). For your convenience, there is an LCD screen that displays the current power reading of your connected device and how much current is flowing through it. The best way to describe this solar charger is it is the daisy chain of solar chargers. Because you can keep on connecting solar panels, you can achieve as much wattage as you wish. Compared to the rest, you may not see anything new and innovative here. But, what you will see is pure-quality and a solar charger that anyone should be proud to own and use. With dual-USB ports, the Anker Solar Charger can charge two devices simultaneously. Sporting 21-watts of power and an efficiency rate that ranges from 21.5 to 23.5 percent, you can rest assured that it succeeds where it matters the most. Besides the fact that it is highly-portable in its own right, with a foldable design, it features stainless-steel eye-holes that allow for easy attachment to backpacks and other objects. Anker ensures that the solar panel itself and your devices will both be perfectly safe and secure. For the panel, it is crafted from an industrial-strength PET polymer with weather-resistant properties. Meanwhile, short circuit and surge protection technology protect your electronic devices. What you see is what you get here, but there is certainly nothing wrong with that. Included with the solar power charger is an 18-month warranty, a micro-USB cable and a welcome guide. When you have access to direct sunlight, it is hard to beat this solar panel. However, as soon as cloud cover arises the unit will power down. But, as you have already seen, this is more than worth an investment. When this solar panel works, it is glorious. However, cloud cover can be an issue. Yes, they can still operate under cloud cover but this particular model will not very well. Again, on sunny days, this does exactly what it was designed to perform. Instapark integrates dual-USB ports and 100 percent green energy to provide you with its charging capabilities. But, even when opaque clouds begin to roll in, this will discharge and stop working efficiently. As this has a foldable design and can be packed away snugly, it will easily fit inside any travel bag that you have. To paint a picture, it folds up to the size of a hardcover book. The panels will hold up well to moderate water, but it can’t be promised that it will survive under heavy rainfall. In addition, with the USB ports exposed, water can damage and corrode them. The lone seller option only has 10-watts of power and there are no additional options for either capacity or colors. Most notable here is the fact that Instapark backs this up with their one-year warranty. In the instance where you feel this is not as great as advertised, or you receive a defected solar panel, you can contact the seller. Sure, this does not quite hold up to the other solar chargers on this list. But, it made the list and that says something by itself. On cloudy days, this may provide serious aggravation for you, but on those luxurious sunny days, this should satisfy your needs. A very wide compatibility capability with regards to using environmentally kind green energy for charging up all types of devices. The attachment for transferring the charge is via a micro-sized USB cabling which works with the majority of Android operated devices. You can charge the majority of other phones, Ipads, iPhones, iPods etc and a full range of brand names phones. If you have a none standard device you can obtain a charging cable to work with it. This outdoor solar charger is good for hiking, exploring, camping, outward bound activities, wherever you are, if you want to create green energy this is the way to do it. The smart tech charging system gives a very good performance, when you plug in a device it is automatically detected and given the fastest charge-up speed while the panels remain under direct sunlight. Sunpower transformation is very efficient at around 21.5% - 23.5%, this means charge-up time is halved compared to many other traditional panels. High tech designed in Chip & Ammeter, the Solar Charger system is Big Blue 28W which reads out the number of amps and the internal chip which ensures a stable consistent charge. This is very easy to carry and can easily be folded and stashed away in a holdall or backpack. This means you can take it anywhere without any difficulty. If you want to use it to charge your phone while on the move, you can use the provided straps to string the panels down your back and connected to your phone to keep it charged. Constructed with a durable Polymer material which ensures the charger is weatherproof against light rain, fog or damp mist, the key construction material is industrial grade (PET) Polymer Fabric which comes with a full 24-month guarantee. The solar charger is compatible with iPad, iPhones, iPods, Andriod operated phones from Samsung Sony, Nexus and comes with a micro USB cable (1x). Compatible with all USB devices which can run with a 5volt input. Generally, by obtaining an extra cable, this will charge all phones/devices. This system opens the door to being able to use green energy with minimal environmental impact, through using this we all play our part in being environmentally friendly. When discussing solar panels, the conversation should always start here. The power they produce and the efficiency at which they do it is important, but compatibility also comes into play. One of the first specifications you will notice in solar panels is the wattage that they are capable of producing. Obviously, the higher the number the more power it can handle. However, for whatever reason, it seems to be a universal ploy for manufacturers to exaggerate the actual wattage capacity their panels have. If you find that the solar panel you invest in is not performing at the power it was advertised as it does not become defective and many others have the same issue. The efficiency, which usually ranges in the 20’s (in terms of percent), refers to the amount of energy that the panels can convert from the sun. Again, the higher the rate, the more efficient the panels will operate. But, also take a special note to solar chargers that can work under moderate sunlight. Some will be inoperable when the slightest cloud covers a portion of the sun. Finally, there is the factor of computability. Check for USB ports and DC outputs for thousands of devices including smartphones, tablets, laptops, batteries, etc. Given that this guide is for portable solar chargers, which most are anyway, portability does come to the forefront. For this section, it all comes down to the chargers’ compactness and carrying options. As solar panels can convert energy from the sun anywhere, chances are you will utilize this convenient technology on the go. As such, if you plan on storing it in your backpack or travel bag you do not want it to be too heavy or bulky. Solar panels that fold up, or even ones that can come apart, are a nice addition as you can pack them tightly. But, perhaps even more important than this is integrating either carabiners or eyeholes to allow you to mount the solar charger on your backpack. This is so important because you may want to charge your device without feeling the need to stop. For example, with it mounted on your back and indirect access to the sunlight you can charge your smartphone while you are hiking or walking. Of course, this is also where the issue of cloudiness can come back to the forefront. With any type of technology that is designed to flow voltage into electronic devices, safety will always be important. 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Q: Brightcove CMS API Search Sort parameter not working When querying brightcove the result set is not sorted by the field specified in the sort parameter If I place the sort parameter as the first parameter the results are sorted but the Q parameter seems to be ignored because the results do not match what was requested. The ouput of the query from the console window: /videos?q=tags:wood,boat+-name:%22Repairing%20Wood%20Boats%22&limit=7&offset=0&sort=-created_at My query from as it exists in javascript: var endPoint = encodeURI('?q=tags:' + tagQuery + '+-name:"' + videoName + '"&limit=7&sort=-created_at'); <\|endoftext\|><?php set_include_path(get_include_path(). PATH_SEPARATOR. __DIR__); F::IncludeFile('../abstract/LsObject.class.php'); F::IncludeFile('Router.class.php'); /** * Application class of CMS * * @package engine * @since 1.1 / class Application extends LsObject { static protected $oInstance; protected $aParams = array(); public function __construct() { } public function __destruct() { $this->Done(); } /* * @return Application / static public function getInstance() { if (empty(static::$oInstance)) { static::$oInstance = new static(); } return static::$oInstance; } /* * @param array $aParams * * @return Application / static public function Create($aParams = array()) { $oApp = static::getInstance(); $oApp->Init($aParams); return $oApp; } /* * Init application * * @param array $aParams / public function Init($aParams = array()) { $this->aParams = $aParams; if (!defined('DEBUG')) { define('DEBUG', 0); } if (isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']) && isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) && $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] == $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) { // для предотвращения зацикливания и ошибки 404 $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = '/'; } if (is_file('./install/index.php') &&!defined('ALTO_INSTALL') && (!isset($_SERVER['HTTP_APP_ENV']) \|\| $_SERVER['HTTP_APP_ENV']!= 'test')) { if (isset($_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'])) { $sUrl = trim($_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'], '/'); } else { $sUrl = ''; } if ($sUrl && $sUrl!= 'install' && substr($sUrl, -7) == 'install') { // Cyclic redirection to.../install/ die('URL /'. $sUrl. '/ doesn\'t work on your site. Alto CMS v.'. ALTO_VERSION.'not installed yet'); } // Try to redirect to.../install/ F::HttpLocation('install/', true); exit; } } /* * Executes application / public function Exec() { R::getInstance()->Exec(); } /* * @return array / public function GetParams() { return $this->aParams; } /* * Done application */ public function Done() { } } // EOF<\|endoftext\|>Shylock är en central rollfigur i Shakespeares Köpmannen i Venedig. Han är judisk köpman. I pjäsen framställs han som grymt hänsynslös, men han ges också bitterhet över hur judar i allmänhet blir behandlade och betraktade. Olika rollgestaltningar Kända rollgestaltningar av Shylock har bland annat gjorts av: Richard Burbage 1500-talet Will Kempe 1500-talet Charles Macklin 1741 Edmund Kean 1814 William Charles Macready 1840 Edwin Booth 1861 Henry Irving 1880 Laurence Olivier 1973 (TV) Al Pacino 2004 (Film) Referenser Figurer i William Shakespeares verk<\|endoftext\|>If your website can’t be seen by a prospect when they search for your products or services then you’ve lost that piece of business. Checking where your website appears in searches is checking its rank. Unfortunately monitoring your sites’ ‘ranking’ for target search terms is problematic at best. Google ‘remembers’ your personal search history and uses this in its website ranking but just for you (Google Personalised Search), so checking your own site’s rank can distort what you see compared to others (and in particular your clients). Some commercial rank checking tools can extract Google Keyword Planner data so you can assess what likely number of searches your site is appearing in. Google WebMasters Tools also provides a version of this information as ‘Search Queries’. Its important to understand which pages are being shown in search results as these are more likely to be the first client contact with your website. Also be cautious about editing a page that is already attracting searches for fear of compromising it. Remove it at your own sales peril, or at least add a 301 redirect to another suitable page. Often your home page will be the page found in search results, but an SEO ‘healthy site’ will successfully rank other pages as well. The page that visitors enter your site on is referred to as the Landing Page. Where can I rank? Depending on the number of searches, ranking positions of less than 20 will still attract visitors, but as the number of searches reduces off it becomes more important to be ranked with the top 5 results. This is also the issue with mobile searches where searchers are unlikely to use more than just the first few results. Another important ranking factor is the presence of a Google Maps/Places/Plus as this will often displace all but the first few ranking sites off of the first page.<\|endoftext\|>Despite declining consumer confidence and the ever-looming threat of the supposed “retail apocalypse”, luxury brands seem to be doing better than ever. In fact, according to the Bain Luxury Study, the global luxury market grew 5% to €1.2 trillion in 2017. However, retail as a whole is changing rapidly, and for luxury brands to thrive, they will inevitably have to adapt to this evolving market in order to stay at the top of the ladder. It can be hard to know where to start - as we know, luxury retail is a very different beast to other parts of the sector, with its own high set of standards. That’s why we’ve come up with our top three recommendations for how luxury brands can maintain their prestige and keep their customers happy. All we ever seem to hear about these days is the importance of an online brand presence. Retail can no longer exist in a purely brick and mortar world, and that is certainly not a bad thing. Of course, at YOOBIC we believe that brick and mortar retail is far from over, and that includes the luxury goods sector. The very nature of luxury retail lends itself to physical retail over online. When someone invests their hard-earned cash in a high-end product, they are not just buying that item. They’re buying a lifestyle, a sense of exclusivity, a promise of quality and value. This means that customers want the chance to examine, touch and try on products before they buy - a necessity that comes with the price tag, naturally. Even tech-savvy millennials are still invested in brick and mortar, with Deloitte’s research concluding that 43% of American millennials still prefer to buy luxury goods in-store. However, this does not mean that retailers can afford to be complacent. Today’s consumers are more demanding than they have ever been, and the prestige of a luxury label alone can no longer guarantee success. So how can brands become masters of reinvention in a sector that is so steeped in heritage and tradition? The key is investing in experiential retail. The fact is, consumers just aren’t as willing to spend their Saturday afternoons in shopping malls any more. To get people to spend their precious leisure time shopping, then, retailers have to offer them something they can’t get online - a unique experience. We’re living in an age of limitless choice, and interaction with a brand outside the usual customer/vendor relationship can help forge that elusive brand loyalty. A lot of retailers are already transforming their stores to place more emphasis on customer experience and less on selling. Some are even investing in spaces that are not for selling anything at all! Take for example Coach’s Life Coach pop-up, designed to ‘lead guests on a journey of self-discovery’, or Dolce and Gabbana	redpajama	[ 50, 27, 25225, 68, 710, 30182, 8990, 14736, 17399, 4764, 417, 2444, 2091, 7316, 272, 6627, 68, 710, 253, 906, 873, 310, 417, 20045, 407, 253, 1673, 7616, 275, 253, 3686, 4764, 187, 2042, 309, 1659, 253, 3686, 4764, 347, 253, 806, 4764, 253, 1543, 403, 20045, 533, 253, 1165, 4764, 3133, 281, 320, 12841, 984, 253, 1543, 513, 417, 3761, 752, 369, 9521, 15, 209, 187, 510, 258, 484, 307, 273, 253, 7316, 432, 253, 9667, 3497, 27, 187, 16, 87, 31686, 32, 82, 30, 23059, 27, 5308, 13, 27431, 22501, 1590, 27976, 1423, 6802, 1094, 272, 6, 938, 30098, 6, 938, 11478, 1832, 6, 1423, 7, 17465, 30, 24, 7, 10946, 30, 17, 7, 15227, 11468, 22337, 64, 255, 187, 187, 3220, 7316, 432, 347, 352, 4961, 275, 25109, 27, 187, 2044, 990, 8682, 426, 22573, 20201, 2073, 32, 82, 30, 23059, 22426, 559, 6809, 8053, 559, 686, 22501, 1590, 5136, 8, 559, 3492, 2402, 559, 32589, 7, 17465, 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’s cultural hub, which serves as a hang-out spot and events venue. Providing a space for customers with no products in it might seem counterproductive, but in fact, this new “brandship” store concept, focusing on brand identity rather than sales, is exactly what’s needed in luxury retail. Luxury shoppers expect stores to go above and beyond for their customers, and creating a brand experience with no pressure to actually buy anything can be a way to fulfil this expectation. After all, luxury is not just what you buy, or even how much it costs; it’s all part of a carefully cultivated lifestyle. The group that seems to respond best to the experiential model is, incidentally, one of the main demographics that luxury retailers should now be turning their attention to: millennials. Numerous studies trying to crack the code of what young people want have found that millennials are much more motivated by experiences than they are by products alone. This may be partially due to a shift towards more conscious consumerism, and partially due to a more precarious economic situation. Either way, “frivolous” spending appears to be becoming a thing of the past. However, this certainly does not mean that millennials aren’t buying luxury products. Older millennials are now starting to become HENRYs (High Earners, Not Rich Yet), a prime target for luxury retailers. And even amongst those who strive to be more ethical shoppers, quality will always be a huge factor. Many millennials value a minimalistic approach to consumerism, which actually meshes well with the quality-over-quantity ethos of luxury retail. To capture the attention of millennials, it’s essential to understand what luxury means to them, a definition which has shifted in recent years. As well as a greater emphasis on ethical shopping and sustainability, younger consumers are increasingly concerned with supporting brands that align with their values and identity. This is most prominently seen in their dedication to diversity and inclusion. Rihanna’s Fenty Beauty line, with its tagline ‘Beauty For All’, was applauded by young people for its vast range of foundation shades, and has caused many other brands to follow suit. Chanel’s new male makeup line, Boy de Chanel (whilst decidedly more of a niche market) has had similar praise. On the flip side, Victoria’s Secret recently faced a backlash after marketing director Ed Razek stated that they wouldn’t hire plus size or transgender models for its famous fashion show. On a more individual level, millennials are also drawn to personalisation, with high value placed on self-expression and the cultivation of a strong identity. 21% of millennials use words like “personalised” and “fun” to describe luxury, and they will actively seek out brands who can provide this sense of uniqueness. The really smart brands will also be focusing on laying the groundwork with younger millennials, and even Gen Z. The youngest generation may not be able to afford luxury items for many years yet, but forging a presence in their consciousness will stand brands in good stead for the future, providing an aspirational goal for young consumers. By far the most vital demographic for luxury retailers right now, though, is tourists - and more specifically, wealthy Chinese tourists. In 2017, Chinese travellers spent a whopping $274 billion abroad, and contribute to 21% of tourism spending globally. In fact, according to Vogue Business, Chinese consumers are set to make up 46% of all personal luxury goods purchases by 2025. In other words, the future of luxury is firmly in the hands of wealthy Chinese shoppers, a significant number of whom purchase their goods abroad. A growing number of these consumers are what are called “Free Independent Travellers”, who are often digitally-savvy young women - in other words, prime candidates for luxury shopping. Many luxury brands such as Gucci, Dior and Burberry are already seeing the value of catering expressly to this key demographic. The Lunar New Year was celebrated earlier this week, an occasion marked by special Year of the Pig campaigns from these and several other brands, which will undoubtedly help cement their reputation in China. The main way to draw in Chinese tourists, though, will be accommodating to their needs no matter where they are - for example, by providing the option to pay via WeChat. If you haven’t already heard of it, WeChat is a messaging, social media and mobile payment app with over 1 billion users. In other words, it’s a big deal - and stores that offer it as a payment option will inevitably be favoured by its users. Now the question is, how can luxury retailers act on this advice? The answer is, of course, in-store execution. A new experiential store concept only works if the visual merchandiser’s vision has been properly implemented. Millennials will only shop in-store if it offers something more enticing than just ordering online. And affluent Chinese tourists will be more likely to spend if they are being properly taken care of in stores. Luxury brands that truly live up to their name will be able to provide their customers with all of this and more. Want to give your customers a luxury experience they’ll never forget? Find out how the YOOBIC solution can help you achieve it here.<\|endoftext\|>No details are spared on this charcoal heather short sleeve t-shirt. The full back oval design incorporates the NFR shield logo, accenting shapes and text around the main focus: National Finals Rodeo spelled out. The front left chest features coordinating artwork.<\|endoftext\|>Derry City football club are set to rename their stadium after the late Derry City captain Ryan McBride. McBride died suddenly in his home in March of last year at the age of 27, just a day after captaining the Candystripes to a 4-0 win over Drogheda United, and councillors have now voted to rechristen the ground the 'Ryan McBride Brandywell Stadium'. A public consultation that took place on the name change which started in April and closed on the 1st of July, and an overwhelming majority voted to rename the ground, with 71% in favour. The council received 6,500 valid votes during the process. The proposal must now be go to the Full Council where it will be discussed at the end of the month.<\|endoftext\|>Tarpon Trophy Slide Relic Finish. Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation insignia is featured on reverse side, with "Save Our Seas" and nautical design on top and bottom. Tarpon Trophy Slide Relic Finish. Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation insignia is featured on reverse side, with "Save Our Seas" and nautical design on top and bottom. Trophy Slides are 13mm wide, 14mm high, and 9mm deep. Hole opening is 6mm x 9mm.<\|endoftext\|>Kid Rock (справжнє ім'я: Роберт Джеймс Рітчі) (народився 17 січня 1971 року в місті Ромео, штаті Мічиган) — американський співак, музикант, композитор, актор, відомий під псевдонімом Kid Rock (Кід Рок), який досяг широкої популярності наприкінці 90-х, початку 2000-х років. Після чотирьох невдалих релізів, 1998 року Кід Рок «підірвав» хіт-паради Америки випуском альбому «Devil Without a Cause», який був розпроданий 11-мільйонним тиражем. Був п'ять разів номінований на премію Греммі. Всього в штатах було розпроданно близько 22 мільйонів копій його альбомів. Відомий також своїм скандальним світським життям і шлюбом з Памелою Андерсон. Наразі є одним з найвідоміших виконавців у стилі реп-метал. Дискографія Альбоми 1990: Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast 1993: The Polyfuze Method 1996: Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp 1998: Devil Without a Cause 2000: The History of Rock 2001: Cocky 2003: Kid Rock 2006: Live Trucker 2007: Rock n Roll Jesus 2010: Born Free 2012: Rebel Soul 2015: First Kiss Сингли Примітки Посилання Офіційний сайт Фан-сайт співака Реп-метал Рок-музиканти США Лібертаріанці США Музиканти, відомі під псевдонімами Ак	redpajama	[ 457, 84, 8928, 14713, 13, 534, 11029, 347, 247, 10913, 14, 483, 6308, 285, 3394, 18767, 15, 187, 11509, 2821, 247, 2317, 323, 6383, 342, 642, 3580, 275, 352, 1537, 1646, 4828, 16233, 13, 533, 275, 958, 13, 436, 747, 773, 22374, 5363, 668, 4657, 4473, 13, 13654, 327, 7138, 6489, 2581, 685, 6224, 13, 310, 4555, 752, 457, 84, 3058, 275, 18997, 10567, 15, 28313, 1626, 48741, 1902, 10111, 281, 564, 1840, 285, 4457, 323, 616, 6383, 13, 285, 6153, 247, 7138, 2793, 342, 642, 3473, 281, 2686, 4489, 2712, 476, 320, 247, 1039, 281, 42514, 436, 15355, 15, 2732, 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Step 1: Cut the cabbage in half lengthwise (from stem to top), discarding any blemished leaves on the outside. Step 2: Melt 1 tablespoon butter in a skillet. Add the chorizo, onion, jalapeños, and cilantro and cook over medium-high heat until the sausage and onion are browned, 5 to 8 minutes, using a wooden spoon to break up any large chunks of sausage. Drain the mixture in a strainer over a bowl. Paint the top and outside of the cabbage halves with the sausage fat, discarding any excess. Place the sausage mixture in the bowl and let cool to room temperature, then stir in the cheese. Mound this mixture atop the cabbage halves and top each with 2 tablespoons butter. The cabbage can be prepared several hours ahead to this stage and refrigerated. Step 4: Smoke the cabbage until browned on the outside and very tender, 3 to 4 hours. Use a slender metal skewer to test for doneness: it should pierce the cabbage easily. Transfer the cabbage to a platter and show it off, then cut each in half lengthwise for serving. Dig in.<\|endoftext\|>import { expect } from 'chai'; import validator from '../../lib'; describe('Length validator', () => { const rules = { name: ['length:5'] }; context('when the given input is a number', () => { context('and it does not have length of 5', () => { it('should not pass the validation', () => { const result = validator.validate(rules, {name: 1234}); const err = result.messages; expect(result.success).to.equal(false); expect(err).to.have.property('name'); expect(err.name['length:$1']).to.equal('Name must have length of 5 character(s).'); }); }); context('and it has length of 5', () => { it('should pass the validation', () => { const result = validator.validate(rules, {name: 12345}); const err = result.messages; expect(result.success).to.equal(true); expect(err).to.not.have.property('name'); }); }); }); context('when the given input is a string', () => { context('and it does not have length of 5', () => { it('should not pass the validation', () => { const result = validator.validate(rules, {name: 'heyh'}); const err = result.messages; expect(result.success).to.equal(false); expect(err).to.have.property('name'); expect(err.name['length:$1']).to.equal('Name must have length of 5 character(s).'); }); }); context('and it has length of 5', () => { it('should pass the validation', () => { const result = validator.validate(rules, {name: 'yowut'}); const err = result.messages; expect(result.success).to.equal(true); expect(err).to.not.have.property('name'); }); }); }); }); <\|endoftext\|>Q: Move footnote in Pages 09? Is it possible to move all of my footnotes to the end of my document in Pages '09? I want to have a reference at the end of my document, like a bibliography. A: Yes, it is possible to convert footnotes to endnotes, but you cannot have endnotes and footnotes in the same document. From the Pages '09 Help: Converting Footnotes to Endnotes and Vice Versa In a word processing document, you can change all the footnotes in a document into endnotes, or all the endnotes into footnotes. You can also convert all document endnotes to section endnotes and vice versa. However, you can’t mix endnotes and footnotes in the same document. To convert footnotes to endnotes and vice versa: In the Document pane of the Document inspector, change the setting in the Footnotes & Endnotes pop-up menu <\|endoftext\|>Steven's Trucking Inc is a business in Liberty, IN. Steven's Trucking Inc classified under, with principal employer Michelle Stevens, Owner Full Name Report is located in 286 South Pea Ridge Road, Liberty, Indiana IN 47353. For sales, support, account inquiries, and how to be an affiliate, the best way to get in touch is through numbers: (765) 458-7813 Full Phone Report. It has been operating since, boasting total quality assurance, and an annual revenue of $500.000 to $999.999. Their Single Location can be reached with the use of the following coordinates: 39.630994,-84.974735. They currently have 1 to 4 employees, and you can learn more about their offerings at. You can also view their clients’ testimonials, government compliance and annual reports through their website. Steven's Trucking Inc aims to strengthen their B2B relationships through advertisements and brand promotion. Registered codes from Standard Industrial Classification is 4212, and 4842302 from North American Industrial Classification System. Customer feedback is highly appreciated; be sure to leave your comments on their website through survey forms. These are necessary for company service improvements.<\|endoftext\|>'use strict'; module.exports = { db: process.env.MONGOHQ_URL \|\| process.env.MONGOLAB_URI \|\|'mongodb://localhost/welcome', assets: { lib: { css: [ 'public/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css', 'public/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css', ], js: [ 'public/lib/angular/angular.min.js', 'public/lib/angular-resource/angular-resource.js', 'public/lib/angular-cookies/angular-cookies.js', 'public/lib/angular-animate/angular-animate.js', 'public/lib/angular-touch/angular-touch.js', 'public/lib/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.js', 'public/lib/angular-ui-router/release/angular-ui-router.min.js', 'public/lib/angular-ui-utils/ui-utils.min.js', 'public/lib/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js' ] }, css: 'public/dist/application.min.css', js: 'public/dist/application.min.js' }, facebook: { clientID: process.env.FACEBOOK_ID \|\| 'APP_ID', clientSecret: process.env.FACEBOOK_SECRET \|\| 'APP_SECRET', callbackURL: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/facebook/callback' }, twitter: { clientID: process.env.TWITTER_KEY \|\| 'CONSUMER_KEY', clientSecret: process.env.TWITTER_SECRET \|\| 'CONSUMER_SECRET', callbackURL: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/twitter/callback' }, google: { clientID: process.env.GOOGLE_ID \|\| 'APP_ID', clientSecret: process.env.GOOGLE_SECRET \|\| 'APP_SECRET', callbackURL: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/google/callback' }, linkedin: { clientID: process.env.LINKEDIN_ID \|\| 'APP_ID', clientSecret: process.env.LINKEDIN_SECRET \|\| 'APP_SECRET', callbackURL: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/linkedin/callback' } };<\|endoftext\|>Eagles Nest (engl. Adlerhorst) ist der Name folgender Orte: in den Vereinigten Staaten: Eagles Nest (Colorado) Eagles Nest (Kalifornien) Eagles Nest (Michigan) Eagles Nest (Minnesota) Eagles Nest (Mississippi) in Neuseeland: Eagles Nest (Neuseeland) Eagle’s Nest steht für: Eagle’s Nest, eine Bezeichnung für das Kehlsteinhaus in Berchtesgaden Siehe auch: Eagle Nest<\|endoftext\|>1st March 1838 – Born and baptised in Assisi, Italy; 21st September 1856 Clothed in the Passionist Habit; 22 September 1857 Religious Profession; 27th February 1862 Died at Isola Del Gran Sasso; 7th July 1896 Cause of Canonisation introduced by decree of Pope Leo XIII; 31st May 1908 Beatification; 13th May 1920 Canonisation. and a compassion for her sorrows. 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IJR Cuomo Slaps Down Criticism of Role in Nursing Home Deaths: 'No One Has a Right To Spread Lies' By Savannah Rychcik February 19, 2021 at 3:29pm New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D) is pushing back against criticism of the way he handled COVID-19 related deaths in nursing homes saying “no one has a right to spread lies.” “Those false statements must be countered. They must be or else people get confused. No one has a right to spread lies or misinformation that causes pain to families,” Cuomo said during his press briefing on Friday. He added, “I understand politics is a nasty business in this environment. I understand people lie. I get it, I get it, I live it every day, but this is different.” Cuomo claimed his administration did not “fight back” against misinformation hard enough. “In retrospect, that is true. It is whack-a-mole. It is that Twitter, 24 hours a day. It is politicians making up stuff to get their face on TV,” he explained. Cuomo continued, “I get it, but you have to knock it down and counter it and counter it aggressively, otherwise people will believe it.” Watch part of his briefing below: .@NYGovCuomo: “No one has a right” to “spread lies” about my nursing home scandal pic.twitter.com/7h4hqlMMlV — Tom Elliott (@tomselliott) February 19, 2021 The FBI and the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Brooklyn have launched an investigation into how Cuomo’s administration handled the matter, as IJR reported. A spokesman for Cuomo, Richard Azzopardi, told the Times Union, “As we publicly said, DOJ (Department of Justice) has been looking into this for months.” He added, “We have been cooperating with them, and we will continue to.” A report released by New York Attorney General Letitia James found Cuomo undercounted the number of COVID-19 related deaths in nursing homes by as much as 50%, as IJR reported. Cuomo reportedly threatened Democratic Assemblyman Ron Kim over his criticism of how he handled the nursing homes. New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio (D) told “Morning Joe” co-host Mika Brzezinski on Thursday “the bullying is nothing new.” CNN’s Jake Tapper Rips Chris Cuomo for Advising Andrew Cuomo Amid Sexual Harassment Allegations He said, “The threats, the belittling, the demand that someone change their statement right that moment…many, many times I’ve heard that and I know a lot of other people in the state have heard that.” Savannah Rychcik IJR, Writer The Associated Press Stuns Twitter With List of 'Dehumanizing' Labels GOP Rep Hands Out Odd Gift to Fellow House Members Lions Announce Former NFL Linebacker Has Died at 25 National Archives Makes Request to Former Presidents and Vice Presidents AOC Takes Shot at Biden: 'Doing Better Than Trump Shouldn't Be the Bar'<\|endoftext\|>Era il figlio secondogenito maschio del re d'Inghilterra e duca d'Aquitania, Enrico III e di Eleonora di Provenza. Biografia Il papa Innocenzo IV, nell'intento di togliere la corona di Sicilia agli Hohenstaufen, la offrì nel 1254 a Enrico III per il figlio Edmondo, purché la conquistasse con uomini e mezzi propri. Il re, non riuscendo ad affrontare le spese della spedizione, fu minacciato di scomunica (1258) da papa Alessandro IV, successore di Innocenzo. Fu allora che i baroni inglesi, capeggiati da Simone di Montfort, offrirono il loro appoggio al re a condizione che egli firmasse le Disposizioni o statuti di Oxford. Ma le pretese sull'isola restarono velleitarie. Nel 1269 il cardinal Ottobono, legato papale, giunse in Inghilterra e chiese al principe Edoardo e a suo fratello Edmondo di partecipare all'Ottava crociata a fianco di Luigi IX di Francia. Per finanziare la crociata, Edoardo ed Edmondo dovettero prendere in prestito una notevole somma di denaro da Luigi IX e dagli ebrei d'Inghilterra. Essi condussero una piccola forza in guerra: forse 230 cavalieri, molti dei quali erano amici e parenti. L'obiettivo originale della crociata era quello di spezzare l'assedio posto alla fortezza cristiana di Acri, ma Luigi era stato deviato a Tunisi, dove morì di malattia prima dell'arrivo dei fratelli Plantageneti. La maggior parte dei francesi tornò a casa, ma un piccolo numero di loro si unì a Edoardo ed Edmondo, che decisero di partecipare alla Nona crociata. Dopo una breve sosta a Cipro, essi arrivarono ad Acri con 13 navi. Ad Acri suo fratello Edoardo tentò abboccamenti con i Mongoli per creare un'alleanza contro il sultano mamelucco Baybars, ma senza esito positivo. Nel 1271 Ugo III di Cipro arrivò con un contingente di cavalieri. Ciò imbaldanzì Edoardo ed Edmondo, che fecero una scorreria contro la città di Qaqun, (l'odierna Tulkarm, che si trova tra le città di Nablus e Netanya). Subito dopo stipularono una pace decennale con Baybars. Edmondo ed Edoardo lasciarono la Terra Santa alla volta dell'Inghilterra nel 1272. In generale, la crociata di Edoardo ed Edmondo fu poco significativa e l'unico risultato ottenuto fu una tregua di dieci anni per la città di Acri. Tuttavia, la partecipazione a questa spedizione accrebbe molto la loro fama. Quando, dopo il 1290, i rapporti tra la Francia e l'Inghilterra erano tesi e le scaramucce tra marinai anglo-guasconi e franco-normanni erano giunte a un notevole livello, il re di Francia, Filippo IV il Bello, nel 1294, convocò Edoardo I, suo vassallo, davanti al parlamento di Parigi; Edoardo inviò il fratello, Edmondo che raggiunse un accordo amichevole: durante l'inchiesta, per quaranta giorni, le più importanti fortezze della Guascogna sarebbero passate in mano francese. Ma allo scadere del termine previsto, non solo le fortezze non furono restituite, ma il ducato venne confiscato poiché Edoardo fu considerato contumace; quindi per difendere il ducato, Edoardo fu costretto a fare guerra alla Francia. Edmondo morì a Bayonne, ducato d'Aquitania, il 5 giugno 1296 e fu sepolto a Londra, nell'abbazia di Westminster. Matrimonio e figli Edmondo sposò l'8 aprile 1269 Aveline di Albemarle, figlia di William de Forz, Conte di Aumale e di Isabella di Reviers, Contessa di Aumale, che morì quattro anni dopo, all'età di quindici anni. Dopo la morte di Aveline, a Parigi, il 3 febbraio 1276, Edmondo sposò Bianca d'Artois, figlia di Roberto I d'Artois. Edmondo da Bianca ebbe quattro figli: Tommaso, (1278-1322), secondo conte di Lancaster Enrico (1281-1345), terzo conte di Lancaster Giovanni Plantageneto, Lord di Beaufort, (ca. 1282 - 1327) Maria Plantageneta (ca. 1284 - ca. 1289) Ascendenza Galleria d'immagini Note Bibliografia E. F. Jacob, Inghilterra: Enrico III, cap. V, vol. 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ionali) della Storia del Mondo Medievale, 1999, pp. 198–234 Voci correlate Sovrani d'Inghilterra Sovrani britannici Sovrani di Francia Duchi d'Aquitania Duchi di Guascogna Storia della Francia Imperatori del Sacro Romano Impero Crociata Ottava crociata Nona crociata Altri progetti Collegamenti esterni Sepolti nell'abbazia di Westminster Plantageneti Edmondo<\|endoftext\|>Anniversary update Windows Update Breaks Millions of Cameras and People Are Pissed Off Microsoft’s first big Anniversary Update for Windows 10 went live earlier this month. With it came improved pen performance, new Cortana features, and an all around better Windows. Two weeks later, it’s become clear that the Anniversary update has some big problems. First, some users were plagued with a system-wide freeze after logging into Windows, and now Paul Thurrott reports that the OS is killing certain webcams. Read More >> By Darren Orf anniversary update, microsoft, microsoft why, thurrott, webcams, window 10 anniversary update, windows 10 <\|endoftext\|>Заходовский сельсовет — административная единица на территории Речицкого района Гомельской области Республики Беларусь. Административный центр — агрогородок Заходы. Состав Заходовский сельсовет включает 8 населённых пунктов: Бушевка — деревня. Васильково — деревня. Дуброва — деревня. Елизаровичи — деревня. Заходы — агрогородок. Новосвятое — посёлок. Осов — деревня. Рудец — деревня. См. также Речицкий район Примечания Ссылки Речицкий райисполком Населённые пункты Республики Беларусь Сельсоветы Речицкого района<\|endoftext\|>The Telus Skins Game was a Canadian annual summer golf event, sponsored by Telus, and officially known as the Telus World Skins Game. It was hosted at a different golf course each year within Canada. Between 2006 and 2012, the Telus Skins Game incorporated a "world" theme, which incorporated five golfers from different countries. In May 2013, it was announced that the Skins Game would not be played after Telus decided not to renew its deal as title sponsor. History 2012 Glen Arbour Golf Course, Halifax, Nova Scotia 2011 Banff Springs Golf Course, Banff, Alberta 2010 Bear Mountain Resort, Victoria, British Columbia 2009 La Tempête Golf Club, Lévis, Quebec 2008 Predator Ridge Resort, Vernon, BC 2007 The Raven Golf Club at Lora Bay, Town of the Blue Mountains, ON 2006 The Fairmont Banff Springs Golf Course, Banff, AB 2005 Nicklaus North Golf Club, Whistler, BC * No player won the skin on the 18th hole. The players decided to give the money to charity. 2004 Club de Golf Le Fontainebleau, Blainville, Quebec 2003 Royal Niagara Golf Club, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario 2002 The Mark O'Meara Course at Delta Grandview Resort, Huntsville, Ontario 2001 Angus Glen Golf Club, Markham, Ontario 2000 Predator Ridge Resort, Okanagan Valley, B.C. 1999 Le Diable, Mont Tremblant, Quebec 1998 The Links at Crowbush Cove, Morell, P.E.I. 1997 Nicklaus North Golf Club, Whistler, B.C. 1996 Summerlea Golf Club, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec 1995 The National Golf Club of Canada, Woodbridge, Ontario 1994 Richelieu Valley Golf Club, Sainte-Julie de Vercheres, Quebec 1993 Devil's Pulpit Golf Club, Caledon, Ontario References External links Unofficial money golf tournaments Golf tournaments in Canada Recurring sporting events established in 1993 1993 establishments in Canada<\|endoftext\|>Q: Quality loss in Run mode against Design Mode in application When I have created any application, all things is OK. But when I run it, quality reduced! In addition, size of forms or controls and design of them is currept. Also about alignment and anchors. bellow pictures show the problem. Albeit this happen just in my system. In other system that works truly. I tried it in virtual machine. It works truly but after a time, quality reduced too. By restore the windows, it is OK, but after a time, quality reduced again! Where is the problem? Edit: In other language and platforms such as ASP.net or Qt, this problem doesn't exist. A: By thanksgiving of @ChristopherKyleHorton that help me to find the answer, it is a problem with DPI. In my display settings, scale of text, apps, and other items has been fixed to 125% (120 DPI). So, some of apps and items such as winform can't support this. For them, scale of text, apps, and other items must be 100% (96 DPI). Also, if you don't like to change it, or your destination system use 125% too, you can add following code at the form.designer.cs in the initialize section: this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F); This can solve the problem for ever. Thanks @ChristopherKyleHorton. <\|endoftext\|>The Heddon® Torpedo has been one of the world's top-selling, top-producing topwater lures for generations. The Torpedo's aerodynamic shape, along with its balance and weight, allows anglers to cast it like a bullet. Length: 1-7/8"; Weight: 1/4 oz.<\|endoftext\|>Additional Information: Financial Assistance: Sliding Fee Scales, Multi-child discount. Be the first to review this childcare provider. Write a review about LAKELAND BASE JOHN BROWN. Let other families know what’s great, or what could be improved. Please read our brief review guidelines to make your review as helpful as possible.<\|endoftext\|>Wallplanner Packages Advertising Sizes for A1 Wallplanners Advertising sizes for Half Quad Wallplanners Advertising sizes for School Wallplanners Business North Business South Business Rural RSA Review Mining NZ NZ Dairy Go Travel New Zealand Swings & Roundabouts Whitianga upgrade delivers results Kim Stewart Mar 3 The second phase of the project involved construction of a new playground next to the harbour’s edge in the centre of town. The recently completed upgrade of the Whitianga Town Centre is a credit to all involved says Thames Coromandel District Council spokesman, Andrew Boden. The $8 million dollar project involved upgrading water supply, storm-water and reticulation infrastructure and also realigning the road which had a significant camber. Upgrade ducting for ultra-fast broadband was also laid, while a plaza space was created as a community focus area. The second phase involved construction of a new playground on the site of the original playground next to the harbour’s edge in the centre of town and at the same time widening footpaths and creating some small new roading. Andrew Boden says the project was delivered on time and on budget with a key focus on keeping the community informed throughout all stages of the development. A project of this nature needed to be managed in stages and Andrew says that planning for the approximately $8 million project actually got underway about 20 years ago. The project had to wait for funding to be secured in the council’s long-term-plan with the contract put out for tender late 2017. “We were fortunate to have a very good main contractor who made it a priority to employ local sub-contractors and suppliers,” says Andrew.“So in a way, the funding the council was investing in Whitianga was to a greater degree staying in the town and going to the people who lived there,” he says. Andrew says the road alterations have made a big difference to the town centre.“It almost felt for people crossing the then wide street that they were walking up hill to get to the middle of the street, so the decision was made to reduce the road’s width and flatten it. “This gave room for a natural increase in the width of footpaths.”Andrew says weekly public meetings which included stakeholders and Demp	redpajama	[ 1593, 74, 10, 14804, 659, 20130, 1448, 353, 23863, 3050, 28017, 1079, 13, 7544, 13, 7266, 15, 575, 16903, 1253, 20210, 187, 187, 55, 1118, 24888, 2490, 10968, 4011, 74, 277, 8, 688, 18068, 300, 350, 376, 187, 10968, 4011, 74, 270, 902, 1136, 12706, 187, 10968, 4011, 74, 1073, 6743, 571, 187, 399, 26550, 277, 8, 34, 371, 10157, 571, 187, 399, 26550, 1073, 3262, 4843, 462, 2072, 187, 659, 20130, 14804, 6743, 571, 187, 3173, 468, 1080, 74, 1448, 20106, 287, 9916, 4692, 3173, 49822, 187, 13198, 5297, 682, 187, 26118, 2623, 9187, 5297, 682, 187, 427, 8440, 9187, 5297, 682, 187, 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L'Ohsumi Regio è una struttura geologica della superficie di 25143 Itokawa. Collegamenti esterni Regiones di Itokawa<\|endoftext\|>Chilmark Housing Production Plan Final HPP A brief overview of the Island housing situation. Chilmark Population and Housing Profile Chilmark September 21, 2016 Workshop Presentation/Slides Chilmark September 21, 2016 Workshop Summary Chilmark Draft Vision Statement Chilmark November 16, 2016 Workshop Presentation Including Draft Goals Chilmark Revised Vison and Goals for Review at December Meeting Chilmark Map for December Workshop Chilmark Presentation for December Meeting Chilmark Draft HPP In the fall of 2016 and early 2017, along with the five other towns on the Vineyard, Chilmark participated in a process to produce a Housing Production Plan (HPP). The HPP can be a guide to the Town’s decisions in addressing housing that is affordable for our workers, families, elders and children. Housing Production Plan Process The HPP process offered an opportunity to thoroughly examine the demographic changes and ever-changing housing market conditions – and how this impacts our community and the Island. A completed HPP can help Town leaders, policy makers and residents understand the best ways to move towards meeting the current and future housing needs of Chilmark while preserving the Town character and values. This plan can also guide decision makers as they look to allocate Town resources for any proposed production of new housing by identifying our inventory of existing housing and possible zoning revisions to meet any identified future housing goals. HPPs are approved at the local level by the Board of Selectmen and Planning Board and then can be submitted to the Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development for approval. HPPs are required to contain the following three elements: An assessment of the Town’s housing needs Goals to assist with meeting the needs Strategies toward achieving the goals The process was thorough and public to help shape the future of Chilmark as these three elements of the HPP were examined. The interactive community workshops provided information to help guide Chilmark’s housing policies and other initiatives as part of the Housing Production Plan. For more information about HPPs, this link will bring you to the State’s website: Housing Production Plans Questions or comments regarding Chilmark’s HPP can be directed to [email protected] The Chilmark Workshops took place at the following dates and times: Wednesday, September 21, 2016 at 7 PM, Chilmark Public Library Wednesday, November 16, 2016 at 7 PM, Chilmark Public Library Wednesday, December 14, 2016 at 7 PM, Selectmen's Meeting Room, Town Hall Aquinnah \| Chilmark \| Edgartown \| Oak Bluffs \| Tisbury \| West Tisbury CONSULTANT BIOS JM GOLDSON (LEAD CONSULTANT) JM Goldson, is a sole proprietorship established in 2006 by community planner, Jennifer Goldson, AICP, that has a strong track record helping communities develop strategic priorities for community preservation and affordable housing through interactive public engagement. Jennifer has a diverse 20-year background as a professional community planner that blends specialties in housing, community preservation, and land use planning. JM Goldson, which employs 1.5 full-time professionals, specializes in creating Housing Production Plans, Housing Needs Assessments, Community Preservation Act Plans, and Affordable Housing Trust Action Plans. JM Goldson's work is exclusively in Massachusetts. JM Goldson has completed many Housing Production Plans and Housing Needs Assessments, as well as facilitated interactive community housing workshops for a variety of communities including Agawam, Arlington, Barnstable, Bridgewater, Concord, Easton, Medway, Norwood, Pelham, Southborough, and Sudbury. JM Goldson is also preparing Housing Production Plans in Brookline and Nantucket as a sub-consultant to RKG Associates. In addition, Jennifer is the primary author of three guidebooks for the Massachusetts Housing Partnership's (MHP): Municipal Affordable Housing Trust Guidebook (2009, updated 2013) Municipal Affordable Housing Trust Operations Manual (2015) the new Community Preservation Act and affordable housing guidebook: Create, preserve, support (2016) Jennifer is also a regular trainer at MHP's annual Housing Institute, specializing in building community support for affordable housing, the Community Preservation Act, and Municipal Affordable Housing Trusts. RKG ASSOCIATES, INC. RKG Associates, Inc. (RKG) is a full service economic, planning and real estate consulting firm with offices Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Virginia, and Georgia. Since its founding in 1981, RKG has successfully completed more than two thousand consulting projects regionally, nationally, and internationally, providing a comprehensive range of planning, economics, market research, and financial feasibility services to public and private clients. The firm employs ten full time professionals and has grown to become one of the most respected economics and real estate advisory consulting firms in the United States. Judi Barrett, Director of Municipal Services at RKG, will represent the firm in Agawam. A planner with thirty years of experience in the field, Judi has led numerous master plans for cities and towns, conducted comprehensive zoning revisions and recodifications, and developed training programs for town boards and professional planners. She works nationally on inclusionary zoning and fair housing. Judi has completed affordable housing plans and studies for New England clients, including over two dozen Housing Production Plans. She serves as a Chapter 40B Technical Assistance Consultant for MHP, helping Boards of Appeal throughout Massachusetts navigate the comprehensive permit process. In addition, she recently authored a new Chapter 40B Guidebook for MHP. MV Times: February 1, 2017 Planner urges multiple strategies to create Chilmark affordable housing<\|endoftext\|>Q: Elasticsearch config folder volume mount into docker compose I have install ELK using docker compose file but due to some error i want to store the logs of Elasticsearch into my logs file using volume mount. How can i mount elastic config file into my config file. How can I get the logs of Elasticsearch into my Log directory elasticsearch: image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:6.8.9 environment: - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g" - logger.level=DEBUG volumes: - /opt/Service/data/elasticsearch:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data - /opt/Service/config:./bin/elasticsearch ports: - 9200:9200 user: ${USER_ID} How to get Logs of Elasticsearch? <\|endoftext\|><!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="pt-BR" xml:lang="pt-BR"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css"> <script type="text/javascript"> // to identify if javascript is active var tagHtml = document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0]; tagHtml.className = tagHtml.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> </head> <body> <div id="pieChart" class="chart"></div> <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="main.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html> <\|endoftext\|>Nearly 1000 people, including activists from 40 countries from around the world, local residents and beachgoers, came together to create an iconic image of a dolphin in the sand in solidarity against the planned oil drilling off the Portuguese coast. Drawing a red line where the beach meets the ocean to represent the voices of those saying “no”. At a time when wildfires rage across Portugal destroying close to 30,000 hectares of land in the past week alone, and around 80% of the country is suffering from "severe" or "extreme" drought conditions, this powerful combination of prayer, art and political action is a clear and unified message that water is life, water is sacred, life is sacred, and we must defend the sacred. Environmental activist groups ASMAA, ALA and Climaximo, as well as the municipalities of Aljezur and Odemira joined the action, which is part of “Defend the Sacred: Envision a Global Alternative," an international gathering taking place in Tamera from 7–16 August 2017, focusing on reconciling indigenous wisdom with futuristic thinking to find a shared vision for a regenerative global culture. Opening the speeches, Laurinda Seabra, leader of environmental activist group Algarve Surf and Marine Activities Association, ASMAA said: “Between April and June 2018, Galp and Eni have threatened to drill offshore … from this beach you would be able to see the platforms. What we’re doing is to protect our oceans, protect our waters, protect our lands, and protect our earth." Martin Winiecki, leader of	redpajama	[ 45, 8, 4013, 2204, 74, 3667, 900, 12187, 5940, 1213, 13077, 5650, 3471, 862, 3737, 14804, 23426, 280, 466, 1073, 2030, 16150, 733, 536, 11415, 15, 187, 187, 2973, 1851, 2247, 74, 1578, 931, 74, 4928, 187, 187, 5785, 12629, 1073, 733, 536, 11415, 50279, 1779, 300, 4698, 28706, 28363, 9224, 187, 21747, 388, 4785, 187, 34, 4864, 18389, 273, 253, 8451, 8039, 4112, 15, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 30657, 285, 28706, 27047, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 4397, 3127, 13, 4022, 40394, 23952, 318, 16, 10612, 1487, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 4397, 3127, 13, 4022, 40394, 18435, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 28701, 29770, 21978, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 4596, 1668, 13, 4022, 40394, 23952, 318, 496, 6547, 28701, 3617, 932, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 50240, 657, 1988, 285, 3617, 932, 323, 8439, 387, 4565, 30194, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 12968, 323, 4565, 40394, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 23952, 318, 323, 4565, 30194, 187, 1779, 300, 4698, 28701, 388, 4785, 187, 688, 253, 2965, 273, 4022, 285, 2393, 4240, 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the Institute for Global Peace Work at Tamera and host of the gathering says: "We dedicate this action to system change from a culture of exploitation to cooperation with all that lives. We also take a stance towards the fires currently raging in Portugal and around the world. Those fires resulting from mismanagement of forests and water and eucalyptus monocultures are fuelled by the very same system of short-term profit that is pushing to drill for oil off this coast." The action was designed by John Quigley, an American environmental advocate, known around the world for his aerial art activism. John says: “Today the movement grows … we will demonstrate it on this beach; all of these families that came and thought they were going to play with their children today are going to become activists to save this beach.” Using their bodies to draw a huge message on the ground, the people created a large dolphin in the sand and the messages “Não ao Furo, Sim ao Futuro” (“No to Drilling, Yes to the Future”) and “Defend the Sacred”. The message featured the “Linha Vermelha” (“Red Line”) – a campaign created by Climaximo and the Citizenship Academy. The red line represents the voices of those who repeatedly say "no" to the oil drilling here and in the world, and through weaving and knitting, aim to inform and mobilize the population, who otherwise would not be aware and sensitized to this crime. Leading the prayers to lead the people into the art were Sabine Lichtenfels, co-founder of Tamera, and LaDonna Brave Bull Allard, founder of the first resistance camp against the Dakota Access Pipeline protests and the Standing Rock movement in the United States last year. LaDonna Brave Bull Allard said: “I know that as we stood that the world stood with us, and so I came here to stand with you … We have no choice anymore, we must stand up for the water and we must stand up now... So I stand with the fire, praying that everybody’s heart and mind ignites to stand together in prayer to make a better life.” Tamera is a holistic peace research and education center that has 40 years of research in building sustainable communities of trust. They are world-renowned for their Water Retention Landscapes and work towards decentralized regional autonomy through solar energy, water retention, ecosystem restoration and food sovereignty. They’ve been educating global changemakers and activists for 15 years and supporting a number of peace initiatives around the world.<\|endoftext\|>What predicates this post being written? The other day on facebook I commented on how I have my peas planted, and how my radishes and turnips are coming up. I was surprised to get comments of "Boy you are early!" "Wow...that's might early". I often have things in the garden at this time of year. I don't always tell people, but this year it surprised me at how many people commented on the earliness. Hubby, in answer to my surprise said "but hun, you have raised beds.. it makes all the difference". So know you what predicated this post. :) Be prepared to get some early gardening advice. Early in the season... probably beginning of March I put up my hoop over one of the raised beds. I did this so the ground would have a chance to heat up. I blocked off the ends and just waited. Once the weeds started growing I knew the soil was warm enough. I planted cold weather seeds such as spinach, radish, turnip and the like and then let the boards stay up until the seeds sprouted. Now the boards stay off and I just watch for frost warnings. I picked up some inexpensive frost cover at the local dollarama. At the beginning of this week, after we had a good rain I planted my sugar snap peas. The package will tell you to soak them, but I've learned you don't need to soak them if you just wait with on the weather. Rain comes in the spring. :) I put my peas in. YEAH!!! Soon enough I'll have pea!!!! The lad and I can eat them all before they even come in the house. :) (and dad will shake his head at us). oday as I was fussing about I noted I made an error in judgement. I forgot to remove my seeds from a box before I watered our freshly bought mint! ACK!!! Wet seeds! I planted: more spinach, swiss chard, lettuce (two kinds), mustard greens, and Salad greens. This is all for the bunnies except for what we steal for our own table. I also planted some bush type zucchini. These went into my short box raised beds that I reserve for plants that need their own space. In my raised beds I plant close together, usually about 6-8 inches, but some plants simply don't do well with that type of spacing. Those plants have short beds that they don't need to share. :) I planted the whole package of zucchini which we DEFINITELY don't need but they will hopefully come up and then my son can sell them to raise some dollars. :) We'll market them to the various homeschool groups around. I certainly felt stupid getting the seeds wet so hopefully that didn't ruin them. I keep a thin piece of plywood next to my short boxes so I can cover plants as they start to come up to protect them from frost damage. The reason I plant closely is two fold. 1. It helps to keep the grounded shaded so they don't dry out as fast. The nemesis of raised gardens is they dry out quickly. 2. It helps shade the ground so weeds don't grow as persistently because there is no room for them to spread their roots. 1. they are MUCH easier to work and it's easier to work up one section at a time. This keeps the job from being overwhelming. 2. It's easier to rotate what is going where. 3. If you get a diseased patch of dirt (it happens). It's easy enough to spread that batch of bad dirt over the lawn, which gets rid of dips and divots in your lawn. 4. Lack of persistent weeds. Twitch grass is SO not a problem in my gardens. 6. It gets me started earlier growing plants for the bunnies. They adore my parsely/cilantro patch and have eaten from it twice already. I have some clover, plantain and dandelions mixed in the patch as well. Here in Ontario, where the season can be shorter than one wants, having raised beds helps me to extend the time I can garden and to take advantage of the cool weather crops by planting early. Do you have anything special that you do when you garden? I really, really like our raised beds also! Thank you for linking up!! Thanks jen. What do you love about yours? We typically will have a week or two of rainy weather which makes it hard to work in a traditional garden. That always gave the weeds a chance to get ahead of me and it seemed that I never could catch up. With the raised beds I can still pull weeds even if we've had a bunch of rain. I love our raised beds. I'm using the square foot system and I love having a different kind of veggie in each square. I'm used to container gardening but this is kind of new to me. I love your hoop and method of starting earlier. Will have to remember that for next year.<\|endoftext\|>Q: Number of ordered sets of integers How many ordered sets of integers $(x,y,z)$ satisfying $$x,y,z \in [-10,10]$$ are solutions to the following system of equations: $$x^2y^2+y^2z^2=5xyz$$ $$y^2z^2+z^2x^2=17xyz$$ $$z^2x^2+x^2y^2=20xyz$$ By a quite cumbersome method, which is too long for me to type down here, I arrived at the answer 5: the ordered sets being $(0,0,0), (8,2,4), (-8,-2,4), (-8,2,-4)$ and $(8,-2,-4)$. But this does not seem to be the right answer. What I basically did was divide the system of equations with $(xyz)$, then by a process of elimination of the variables, found the possible values of x, y and z. However, it seems I've somehow missed out other solutions as well. Can anyone help me out with this? Thanks! A: The discriminant of the first equation with respect to $z$ is $x^2y^2(25-4y^2)$. This must be a square, so we must have $y\in\{-2,0,2\}$ or $x=0$. If one variable is $0$, one of the others must also be $0$, and we get the solutions that Johan pointed out. If $y=\pm2$, we need $x=\pm8$ or $x=\pm9$ to get a factor of $17$ from $x^2+y^2$ in the second equation. Substituting this into the second equation yields integer $z$ only for $x=\pm8$, and this yields the solutions that you found. Thus the solutions found by Johan and you are the only ones. A: If two of the variables are zero, then the third one can be anything. 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of solutions, as is $(0,y,0)$ and $(x,0,0)$. A: Let $(x,y,z)$ be a solution. Then the three numbers $$ u_1=x^2y^2+y^2z^2-5xyz, \ u_2=y^2z^2+z^2x^2-17xyz, \ u_3=z^2x^2+x^2y^2=20xyz $$ are all zero. Now $$ \begin{array}{lcl} (1) \ -u_1+u_2+u_3 &=& 2x^2z^2-32xyz=32xz\bigg( \frac{xz}{16}-y\bigg) \\ (2) \ u_1-u_2+u_3 &=& 2x^2y^2-8xyz=8xy\bigg( \frac{xy}{4}-z\bigg) \\ (3) \ u_1+u_2-u_3 &=& 2y^2z^2-2xyz=2yz\bigg( yz-x\bigg) \end{array} $$ If $x,y$ and $z$ are all nonzero, we see that $x=yz, y=\frac{xz}{16}$ and $z=\frac{xy}{4}$. Multiplying, we deduce $xyz=\frac{(xyz)^2}{64}$, so $xyz=64$. Using $x^2=xyz, y^2=\frac{xyz}{16}$ and $z^2=\frac{xyz}{4}$, we deduce $x^2=64,y^2=4,z^2=16$. This produces four solutions : $(8\varepsilon_1,2\varepsilon_2,4\varepsilon_1\varepsilon_2)$ where each of $\varepsilon_1$ and $\varepsilon_2$ can be $+1$ or $-1$. If $z=0$, then by (2) we have $2(xy)^2=0$ and hence $x=0$ or $y=0$. Similarly when $x=0$ or $y=0$ : this will produce the solutions found by Johan. A: If any two of $x,y,z$ are $0$, all the equations say $0 = 0$. On the other hand, if only one is $0$, it's easy to see that another must also be $0$. So now let's assume none of them are $0$. Then we can cancel a $y$, $z$, or $x$ respectively from each equation, leaving $$ \eqalign{(x^2 + z^2) y &= 5 x z\cr (x^2 + y^2) z &= 17 x y\cr (y^2 + z^2) x &= 20 y z\cr}$$ Next, notice that changing signs of any two of the variables preserves all three equations. Thus we may assume, say, $x > 0$ and $y > 0$, and get the other solutions by symmetry. Now $x z \le (x^2 + y^2)/2$ (because $x^2 - 2 x z + y^2 = (x-y)^2 \ge 0$), and similarly $-x z \le (x^2 + y^2)/2$, i.e $\|x z\| \le (x^2 + y^2)/2$. So from the first equation we get $$\|y\| = \frac{5 \|x z\|}{x^2 + y^2} \le \frac{5}{2}$$ Since at this point $y$ is a positive integer, the only possibilities are $y= 1$ and $y = 2$. If $y = 1$, the second equation says $z (x^2 + 1) = 17 x$. Since $x^2 + 1$ and $x$ are relatively prime, this implies that $x$ divides $z$. So let $z = m x$. We then have $m (x^2 + 1) = 17$. Since $17$ is prime, one of $m$ and $x^2 + 1$ must be $1$ and the other $17$. But $x \ne 0$ so it must be $x^2 + 1 = 17$ (i.e. $x=4$), and $m= 1$ so $z=4$. But $x=4,y=1,z=4$ doesn't satisfy the first or third equation. The remaining possibility is $y=2$. Then the second equation says $z (x^2 + 4) = 34 x$. If $x$ is odd, so is $x^2 + 4$, and that is relatively prime to $x$ so it divides $34$. The only odd factors of $34$ are $1$ and $17$, so we'd need $x^2 + 4 = 17$, but that doesn't work since $17-4=13$ is not a square. So $x$ must be even: say $x = 2 t$. Now the second equation, after dividing by $4$, becomes $z (t^2 + 1) = 17 t$. As in the previous paragraph, we conclude that $t=4$ (so $x=8$) and $z=4$. Thus we have $(x,y,z) = (8,2,4)$, which is a solution. By symmetry (changing any two signs) we also have solutions $(-8,-2,4), (-8,2,-4)$ and $(8,-2,-4)$. Summing up, we have the solutions $(x,y,z) = (0,0,z)$, $(0,y,0)$, $(x,0,0)$, $(8,2,4)$, $(-8,-2,4), (-8,2,-4)$ and $(8,-2,-4)$. <\|endoftext\|>Q: weird bug on radio buttons when change i'm trying to do a radio button with 2 options: yes and no (is a long form), but in this piece, i need that radio called refused or accomplished be checked when the user choose yes or no, refused and accomplished buttons already are disabled, the user can't change this manually. 1 - when user choose yes: accomplished must be checked 2 - if user choose no, refused must be checked. 3 - if user change the yes to no, or no to yes option we back to the rules 1 or 2 above. however, i'm stuck because when i change the option the radio button change only once. and nothing happens after that. this is my code right now: https://jsfiddle.net/bw21cxo5/1/ HTML: <div> <label for="yes"> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="yes" id="yes" class="option-yes">Yes </label> <label for="no"> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="no" id="no" class="option-no">No </label> </div> <br><br> <div> <label for="refused"> <input type="radio" name="radio2" id="refused" disabled> Refused </label> <label for="accomplished"> <input type="radio" name="radio2" id="accomplished" disabled> Accomplished </label> </div> js: (jquery 2.2) $('input[name="radio1"]').on('change', function() { if ($(this).hasClass('option-no')) { $('#refused').attr('checked', true); $('#accomplished').attr('checked', false); } else { $('#accomplished').attr('checked', true); $('#refused').attr('checked', false); } }); A: You can associate the checkboxes with each other. Something like this using the data attribute would work: Updated HTML <label for="yes"> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="yes" id="yes" class="option-yes" data-partner="accomplished">Yes </label> <label for="no"> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="no" id="no" class="option-no" data-partner="refused">No </label> JavaScript $('input[name="radio1"]').on('change', function() { $('input[name="radio2]').prop('checked',false); $('#'+$(this).data('partner')).prop('checked',true); }); JS Fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/igor_9000/bw21cxo5/3/ Hope that helps! A: It's better to use plain JS when checking radio buttons. 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Archbishop O’Brien, Gov. O’Malley exchange letters on gay marriage By George P. Matysek Jr. gmatysek@CatholicReview.org Two days before Gov. Martin J. O’Malley announced his July 22 decision to sponsor legislation legalizing same-sex marriage in Maryland, Archbishop Edwin F. O’Brien sent him a private letter urging O’Malley – a Catholic – to “refrain” from promoting the redefinition of marriage. “I am well aware that the recent events in New York have intensified pressure on you to lend your active support to legislation to redefine marriage,” Archbishop O’Brien wrote, referring to New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo’s signing of gay marriage legislation in the Empire State. “As advocates for the truths we are compelled to uphold,” Archbishop O’Brien said, “we speak with equal intensity and urgency in opposition to your promoting a goal that so deeply conflicts with your faith, not to mention the best interests of our society.” Archbishop O’Brien said it was “especially hard to fathom your taking such a step, given the fact that our requests last year for you to sponsor legislation to repeal the death penalty and support students in Catholic and other nonpublic schools went unheeded.” The archbishop was referring to a long-sought business tax credit that would benefit students and teachers in Catholic and nonpublic schools. O’Malley supports the credit, but did not take a leadership role in trying to pass it. The measure failed. In an Aug. 4 response to Archbishop O’Brien, the governor cited a long list of items on which the two agree – including repealing the death penalty, reducing the incidence of infant mortality, “promoting the dignity of work and the justice of fair wages,” protecting the environment, feeding the hungry and healing the sick. “I do not presume, nor would I ever presume as governor, to question or infringe upon your freedom to define, to preach about, and to administer the sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church,” O’Malley said. “But on the public issue of granting equal civil marital rights to same sex couples, you and I disagree.” O’Malley said he was “sworn to uphold the law without partiality or prejudice.” “When shortcomings in our laws bring about a result that is unjust,” he asserted, “I have a public obligation to try to change that injustice.” O’Malley said it was unjust to “discriminate” in marital laws and he added that it is also “unjust” to treat the children of families headed by same-sex couples with “lesser protections” under the law than the children of families headed by heterosexual couples.” Archbishop O’Brien noted that members of the Maryland General Assembly decided against legalizing same-sex marriage during the last legislative session even though they were subjected to “intense pressure, both from the public and from legislative leadership – despite leaders’ claims that this was a ‘vote of conscience.’” “Admirably, many legislators, prompted by their deeply held moral convictions and those of the constituents they were elected to represent, courageously resisted the all-too-familiar pull of partisan allegiances and political ambition in making their decision to uphold marriage,” Archbishop O’Brien said. “Such courage is rare in politics and can best be rewarded if it serves as an example for others to emulate.” The archbishop noted that “Maryland is not New York.” “We urge you not to allow your role as the leader of our state to be used in allowing the debate surrounding the definition of marriage to be determined by mere political expediency,” Archbishop O’Brien said. “The people of Maryland deserve no less.” Archbishop O’Brien said he welcomed the opportunity to speak personally with O’Malley on the issue of gay marriage. Archbishop O’Brien’s letter to O’Malley was private and was released to the media by the governor’s office. The archbishop addressed the topic of same-sex marriage in his July 28 column in The Catholic Review. To read the correspondence between Archbishop O’Brien and the governor, visit http://tinyurl.com/omob84.<\|endoftext\|>To monitor therapy, draw trough level specimen before the next dose is administered. Collect peak level (post-dose) specimen 60 to 90 minutes after drug infusion. Store and send frozen. Interpretive Comments: Most other antibiotics will not interfere in the assay. Special Processing: Clearly write "CHLORAMPHENICOL" on tube label.<\|endoftext\|>Obama's authority to attack Syria falls in 'perversely gray' legal area Thursday Aug 29, 2013 3:06 PM By Tom Curry, National Affairs Writer, NBC News It could be mere days until President Barack Obama orders strikes on Syria in response to the apparent use of chemical weapons by the regime of President Bashar al-Assad last week. Some lawmakers say Obama can’t legally use force without a vote, as was the case prior to the Iraq invasion in 2003. But it’s looking increasingly likely the president will act without waiting for authorization from Congress, just as he did in Libya two years ago. So what, exactly, is the law? Constitutional expert and American University professor Stephen Vladeck calls this “one of the more perversely gray areas of U.S. constitutional law.” The Obama administration is pushing for tactical military action against the Syrian regime but the specter of the WMD debate leading up to the Iraq War, a decade ago, as others hesitant to act without firm, detailed intelligence. Ken Pollack of the Brookings Institute discusses. Here's a primer on the legal and political intricacies currently in question: What basis does the Obama administration cite for possible U.S. attacks on the Assad regime? Obama said during an interview on Wednesday that the reasons for taking action were not only the Assad regime’s violation of “a well-established international norm against the use of chemical weapons,” but “America's core self-interest.” Not only could U.S. allies (like Israel) be attacked if chemical weapons fall into the hands of terrorists, but chemical weapons “could be directed at us,” Obama said. It was the strongest language he has used to invoke the potential of a direct attack on the United States as a reason to attack Syria. What role does the War Powers Resolution play in the current situation? Congress passed the War Powers Resolution in 1973 over President Richard Nixon’s veto. Its intent was to rein in Nixon who’d used military force in Cambodia without notifying Congress – and to curb future presidents who might wage unauthorized wars. The resolution requires the president to notify and consult with Congress before sending U.S. forces into “hostilities.” The law says the use of U.S. military forces must end within 60 to 90 days unless Congress authorizes such use or extends the time period. When Obama ordered U.S. forces to take part in NATO’s attack on Libya in 2011, his administration argued that the War Powers Act did not apply because the U.S. military operations in Libya were “distinct from the kind of ‘hostilities’ contemplated” by the 1973 law. The operations in Libya, it said, did not involve U.S. ground troops, U.S. casualties, or “sustained fighting or active exchanges of fire with hostile forces ….” Britain's Prime Minister David Cameron tells the U.K. parliament Thursday that a possible British military response to alleged chemical weapons use in Syria won't be guided by the Obama administration. With British Parliament voting against military intervention and the support of NATO allies unsecured, can Obama legally strike Syria without the consent of Congress? While support from the British and from NATO would help make the case for attacking Syria in the court of public opinion both in the United States and abroad, there’s no legal requirement that Obama have international support for an attack. Vladeck said, “So long as President Obama is complying” with the War Powers Resolution “which includes reporting to Congress within 48 hours of the onset of hostilities, it’s an uphill battle, at best, to argue that the use of force in Syria would be unlawful until and unless the War Power Resolution’s own constraints kick in.” Would an attack on Syria be similar to the 1989 invasion of Panama or the 1983 invasion of Grenada? According to the Congressional Research Service, in 1989, when President George H.W. Bush ordered U.S. forces to invade Panama, he told Congress that his goals were to protect the 35,000 American citizens living there, restore a democratic form of government, preserve the integrity of the Panama Canal treaties, and arrest Gen. Manuel Noriega, who’d been charged in the United States with drug trafficking. There’s no strong parallel with current situation in Syria, other than that Congress was out of session when Bush ordered the Panama invasion and it is out of session now. In 1989, the Senate defeated an amendment authorizing Bush to use force in Panama. Bush was acting without the consent of Congress, and arguably against the wishes of the Senate majority. In 1983, President Reagan ordered an invasion of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, saying that he was protecting the lives of U.S. citizens there and answering a request from the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to restore order. Reagan’s spokesman said there was no need for him to comply with War Powers Resolution since the troops would be out within the law’s 60-to-90 day time period. How would an attack on Syria differ from the 2003 attack on Iraq? Both Obama and British Prime Minister David Cameron have argued that there’s no comparison between the two cases. “This is not like Iraq … we’re not invading a country.	redpajama	[ 18551, 31134, 473, 457, 29400, 13, 21806, 15, 473, 457, 17557, 2205, 6431, 4876, 327, 11730, 7875, 187, 3463, 6086, 367, 15, 6397, 90, 45902, 10512, 15, 187, 72, 2056, 90, 45902, 33, 43146, 3422, 18658, 15, 2061, 187, 7910, 1897, 1078, 21806, 15, 8698, 500, 15, 473, 457, 17557, 2205, 6138, 521, 4163, 3307, 3061, 281, 28924, 10843, 4320, 3006, 1072, 14, 11523, 7875, 275, 15812, 13, 42624, 42266, 401, 15, 473, 457, 29400, 2197, 779, 247, 3055, 4857, 30039, 473, 457, 17557, 2205, 1108, 247, 10503, 1108, 281, 773, 709, 1949, 668, 432, 14312, 253, 294, 28692, 273, 7875, 15, 187, 1628, 42, 717, 973, 6600, 326, 253, 3332, 3394, 275, 1457, 2816, 452, 45253, 3473, 327, 368, 281, 28698, 634, 3939, 1329, 281, 10843, 281, 294, 3182, 7875, 1806, 42624, 473, 457, 29400, 4159, 13, 14339, 281, 1457, 2816, 21806, 15, 11116, 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We’re not searching for chemical and biological weapons,” Cameron told the House of Commons Thursday before MPs voted against intervention. Prior to the Iraq invasion, President George W. Bush warned of the risk that Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein might use chemical and biological and perhaps at some point nuclear weapons against the United States. But Obama and Cameron say Assad’s regime has already used chemical weapons and might use them again. State Department spokesperson Marie Harf engages in a discussion with reporters over whether the intelligence in Syria is comparable to that of Iraq and WMDs. The goal, Obama says, would not be to remove Assad but to deter the future use of chemical weapons. In contrast, at its peak, the U.S. occupation of Iraq reached 170,000 troops. And from the outset overthrowing Saddam Hussein was an explicit goal. Another difference between then and now: in 2002 Congress overwhelmingly voted to authorize Bush to attack Iraq; in the current case of Syria, it appears that Obama will order military action before Congress gets a chance to vote on authorizing any such action. What’s the ultimate check on a president’s ability to use military force? The ultimate check is Congress’ power to cut off funds. In 2000, when 26 members of Congress went to federal court to challenge President Bill Clinton’s use of U.S. forces in Kosovo, the appeals court in Washington rebuffed them, partly because it said they already had tools they could use: “Congress always retains appropriations authority and could have cut off funds for the American role in the conflict.” But that’s hardly an efficient route to take. Constitutional scholar Louis Fisher contends that uses of military force can take unexpected turns and that cutting off funds after the military action starts is sometimes far too late. He points out that after President Lyndon B. Johnson “escalated the war in Southeast Asia in the spring of 1965, it took eight years to cut off funding. Instead of losing control at the start of a war and taking almost a decade to stop it, Congress should control it at the front by insisting on prior authorization on any military action against Syria.” This story was originally published on Thu Aug 29, 2013 6:06 PM EDT<\|endoftext\|>Q: Silverlight 4.0 - how to target Silverlight runtime version for XAP in VS 2010? I have a situation when my XAP is being produced with Silverlight version installed on my dev machine, while users (enterprise company) use a different (earlier) version. Users don't have ability to upgrade their Silverlight runtime due to IT Department policy. I have no control over when or which version of Silverlight runtime that IT department is going to allow users to have. I know only Silverlight version they use at any given moment. So the question is how can I build XAP file targeting specific version of Silverlight run time (4.0.50401.0 in my case)? I tried to play with AppManifest file and do some other manipulations inside of VS 2010 but was not lucky with finding solution yet. I would appreciate if you could advise. Thanks! A: Tim Heuer blogged about this, http://timheuer.com/blog/archive/2010/09/28/keeping-your-silverlight-dev-environment-stable-through-service-releases.aspx. Basically he is suggesting you maintain the version of the Silverlight SDK that your users will have on your development machine. This will allow you to build XAPs against that version of the SDK. <\|endoftext\|>Q: execute the master playbook using python script how can i execute a ansible playbook using python script? i need to invoke the master playbook using python. The master playbook is encrypted using ansible vault. The password can be passed in python script. How do i write it A: Subprocess module allows you to run whatever you'd like import subprocess subprocess.run([ 'ansible-playbook', '-i', 'inventory.yaml', '-e','secret@passfile', 'master.yaml'] ) <\|endoftext\|>It was right around the time that Alex published his book, The 10 Pillars of Household: Mind-Sets of The World’s Richest People. I got that book as soon as I saw it and I jumped to emphasize it and mark it up using notes. I could go re-read it. Actually, Market Hero is not even his only multi-million dollar business. The SEO software development firm Source Wave was also founded by him and now he’s running a nutritional supplement manufacturer new. He got a couple of classes out there in the market teaching people how to grow their lists and market more on Shopify. Anyway, Market Hero is one of the best email Since it concentrates on in-depth sales metrics, autoresponders available on the market today and it’s so much better than its rivals. I have used a bunch of email autoresponder software through time, such as MadMimi and Drip. Drip has been my favorite up until I started using Market Hero. Drip allows you like track your rates to do a lot of cool stuff and tag your readers. But if you are anything like me, while you take care of open rates and click-through rates, what matters is SALES. Earnings are the lifeblood of your enterprise and sales is what puts cold, hard cash into your pocket. Market Hero makes it possible to track sales, plain and simple. The service isn’t great to the point where they provide you with detailed step-by-step videos and also hold your hand through every step of the way, but it is not terrible. Besides, if you need that degree of coddling and hand-holding, possibly Market Hero is not for you. Market Hero has English-speaking support staff available to answer your questions through live chat for free. You don’t have to be a part of any special plan or package that is upgraded to have priority support, such as some firms do. You simply log in and begin chatting. On Market Hero’s homepage You’ll see says,”4X Your Email Business With Unequaled Delivery and Revenue Metrics”. This immediately set off my B.S. detector because I know how hard it is to 4X an email arrangement, particularly if you’re any good at everything you’re doing. Now, in the interest of full disclosure I do want to inform you that Market Hero has NOT increased my earnings 4X (yet), but I am gaining more earnings than before and Market Hero IS paying for itself. Rather easily, actually. I had my game tight and was doing well, so that I knew a 4X increase would be tough. I know I already mentioned this, but the key to Market Hero is how it keeps your customers’ lifetime value (LTV) facing you at all times and it changes as you send out emails and tweak your own autoresponder. As soon as you know your client value, you can literally”buy” customers. What Market Hero does is actively each conversion for every lead on your listing and monitor every sale. It then averages together everything and gives you the stats you need to grow your organization. If you’re to do this manually, then you would probably have to experience different programs, various spreadsheets, and go back through your prior sales. You may have to crunch on a great deal of amounts that are unique which you don’t even have anymore. Market Hero solves this problem better than anyone else on the market. Let us say that I’m running two different opt-in campaigns for the identical audience. Anyone who opts-in into the first effort is going to be tagged as”A” and anyone who opts-in to the next campaign will be tagged as”B”. If you do this again and again, you can create a strong business because you’ll constantly be split-testing to determine which types of individuals are worth more to your business. And getting this up and running is super-easy too. All you need to do is choose the pixel that Market Hero provides you and put it in the areas that you want to track. From that point, Market Hero will keep tabs on all your customers, sales, conversions, etc. to give you the information which you need to grow your business. I believe this is a smart move by Alex Becker since it shows that he understands his market. He knows that the people who are serious about making money on the internet are using things and he would like to be certain that his applications integrates. My only criticism is that a lot of the software I use, such as OptinMonster and Thrive Topics has not been put in the”integrations” tab. That does not mean that you CAN’T integrate thembecause you can (you utilize Zapier to make them talk to each other) but it is not quite as easy as something like ClickFunnels or even Shopify. The best way for me to explain it is that all of The other email autoresponders were created for marketers. Their thinking has its limits and I send emails although I’ve nothing against marketers that are email. Market Hero was built BY a business owner FOR business owners. Market Hero differs because it provides you with a lot of different approaches to help you track ROI and generate more profit from your own emails. For instance, among the coolest features is that it shows you how much each lead is worth. Imagine logging in to your email autoresponder and seeing that every guide is worth $6.87 to you. Meaning that you can go out and”purchase” email addresses to create money. 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an opt-in page. You have a business that is lucrative if you can get a successful than it’s worth. Wash and repeat as many times as possible. From what I have seen, certainly not. I think that At this time, Alex Becker has way too much to lose by being a scam artist. He is running various companies and he’s smart enough to understand that if he tarnished his reputation, he’d be screwed. From what I’ve seen, people have complained about his refund policy. However, these individuals are the ones who have utilized Market Hero for months and try to get their money back. These are the real scammers. If you are not willing to pay money for a service which can enhance your life and your organization, you are scum. Plain and simple. When I began composing this Market Hero review Was worried that it was likely to lean a bit too much towards Shopify entrepreneurs. That’s why I wish to stress this Market Hero can help you in ANY business, not simply Shopify. On his YouTube channel, Alex has posted a lot of different videos about Shopify. You find that he provides a whole lot of helpful info on the best way to make money with Shopify, once you get past the names. Part of this reason that he does so is because he needs to get folks to test out Market Hero because he knows it might help them with their Shopify company. For instance, Market Hero allows you to create abandoned cart strings. Whenever someone begins the checkout process in Shopify (by entering their email) but doesn’t finish it, that has monitored in Market Hero. From that point, you can follow up with that person and get them back to complete their purchase. Depending on the analysis which you read, the average cart abandonment rate for an online shop is usually somewhere in the neighborhood of 70-80%. Are there individuals with abandonment rates? Sure, but this is actually the typical. Imagine you have 100 people go through your checkout process and 80 of these people abandon your cart. This means you have 20 customers and 80 non-customers. What if a cart recovery sequence got a mere 10% of this non-customers to buy? The reason Market Hero is so powerful is because you can use tags and track LTV. When you link Market Hero to Shopify, it begins tracking immediately. Purchase tags are applied that show. Imagine that you have a Shopify store selling print-on-demand dog shirts. If someone bought a pug shirt, it would be silly to try and market Golden Retriever things to that person, right? But that is exactly what a lot of entrepreneurs do since they do not have the data in front of them. Because Market Hero enables you to determine exactly what the individual purchased, you can concentrate on selling just stuff. You are able to totally geek out on this stuff. You can get as detailed as intricate as you would like. In my own personal business, I use it to segment the topics that financial advisors are interested in. I do not need to bombard them with emails about GETTING customers, since they’d be immaterial Since I sell products that help advisors GET clients and help them KEEP customers, if a person is interested in KEEPING clients. This person would finally unsubscribe. Oh, and if you’re interested, here is a movie of Alex Becker showing you how you can increase your own Shopify sales 300 percent with Market Hero. Just keep in mind that Market Hero may be used with ANY business, not only Shopify. Market Hero is an email program that is awesome because It is built for people that are currently trying to earn money on the internet. In Case You Haven’t completed So go over there, import your listing and make the most of this complimentary trial.<\|endoftext\|>Q: uniform histograms in copula approach I would like to model some time series. For this purpose I have the marginal distribution and want to use a gaussian copula to build the dependency. Following a tutorial the following should give me the desired dependency structure with correct marginals library(mvtnorm) S <- matrix(c(0.025,0.0075,0.0075,0.007),2,2) normal <- rmvnorm(n = 1000,mean = c(4.1,2.08),sigma = S) uniform <- pnorm(normal) hist(uniform[,1]) hist(uniform[,2]) However, the histograms look not at all like a uniform distribution. What is wrong with the above code? The help of "rmvnorm" says sigma is the covariance matrix. Looking at other example in the web I see that often they use the correlation matrix. So what is expected by rmvnorm? Moreover, the covariance of uniform should stay the same. However, I get the following result: cov(uniform) [,1] [,2] [1,] 3.481586e-10 3.626536e-08 [2,] 3.626536e-08 1.440411e-05 > which varies a lot from the input matrix $S$. So whats going wrong here? A: Your error is in the usage of pnorm. pnorm is used to calculate the CDF (or by default, 1- CDF) $F(q)$ for a standard normal. That is pnorm(q) is going to calculate $$u = P(X \geq q) $$ for when $X \sim N(0,1)$. However, in your example, your normal distributions are not mean 0 and variance 1. So you need to adjust your pnorms, like uniform <- matrix(NA, nrow = 1000, ncol = 2) S <- matrix(c(0.025,0.0075,0.0075,0.007),2,2) normal <- rmvnorm(n = 1000, mean = c(4.1,2.08),sigma = S) uniform[,1] <- pnorm(normal[,1], mean = 4.1, sd = sqrt(.025)) uniform[,2] <- pnorm(normal[,2], mean = 2.08, sd = sqrt(.007)) hist(uniform[,1]) hist(uniform[,2]) The r-bloggers code worked because they used mean 0 and unit variance in their rmvnorm. It has nothing to do with correlation matrix. <\|endoftext\|>We are beyond thrilled to announce that we have been awarded funding by the Wimbledon Foundation’s new Arts and Community Engagement Fund (ACE) to create our next Merton Street Opera! Following on from the success of Drifting Dragons (2016) and Cosi Fan Tutte (2017) we are now re-imagining Johann Strauss’ Die Fledermaus for free unticketed high street performances enabling everyone to experience high quality professional opera for free. Die Fledermaus is a hugely fun, often silly story with some brilliant characters and very catchy tunes. We know it’s going to be great fun adapting this for modern high street performances – like our previous productions, in English, approximately one hour in duration with scenes popping up in shops, pubs, supermarkets and libraries! Die Fledermaus means ‘The Revenge of the Bat’ but in our modern version Bat Man may play a role! The music has some waltzes this time round so hope you fancy waltzing down the high street with us! The amazing ACE fund over 2018-2019 will enable us not only to adapt Die Fledermaus for the high street and present the free unticketed performances across Merton and Wandsworth but also allows us to continue and develop our extensive outreach programme teaching even more young people across South London about opera and engaging even more elderly who may not be able to follow our promenade performance live along the high street. But not only are we are looking forward to these workshops for local schools and community lunch clubs, but we are particularly excited that as an extension of our previous outreach we are able to offer two local young people’s groups, one primary and one secondary, an opportunity to create their own version of Die Fledermaus working with a professional Director and Musical Director over an extended period of time. Partnering again with the brilliant Merton Music Foundation and local children’s charity Jigsaw4u we are thrilled to be able to offer this exciting opportunity to these two groups. So now we’re going to be hard at work planning Die Fledermaus so our next street opera project can be even bigger and better than before! We’ll keep you updated with developments as we go along – firstly getting cracking on cutting the opera down to an hour, adapting the story for modern life suitable to be performed along the high street, and re-writing the music and libretto! Speaking of which we are delighted to tell you that this will be by our same team as for Cosi Fan Tutte – the talented Leo Geyer re-writing the music and Baseless Fabric Artistic Director Joanna Turner re-writing the libretto (words). A huge thank you to the Wimbledon Foundation for this fantastic opportunity and to the support of all of our followers. It’s an exciting time for the Baseless Fabric team!<\|endoftext\|>Your large breed puppy is unique and his feeding requirements will vary with his environment, age and activity. ORIJEN Puppy Large provides more calories from protein and fat and fewer from carbohydrates, providing a calorie distribution that mirrors the natural puppy diet, reducing the risk of obesity and diabetes. 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Q: Escaping HTML for JLabel I would like to display an unsafe text (from user) in a HTML-enabled JLabel, for example <html><p>Unsafe user input here</p></html>. What should I do to escape the user supplied string data to fit into my HTML enabled environment without causing any troubles? A: Based on Which characters need to be escaped on HTML? I propose the following code: public class SimpleEscaping { private static final Pattern[] patterns = new Pattern[]{ Pattern.compile("&"), Pattern.compile("<"), Pattern.compile(">") }; private static final String[] replacements = { "&", "<", ">" }; public static String escapeHTML(String input) { for (int i = 0; i < patterns.length; i++) input = patterns[i].matcher(input).replaceAll(replacements[i]); return input; } } <\|endoftext\|>Never seen a motion comic before? Well, here’s as good a start as any: Watchmen: The Complete Motion Comic. What can I say about Watchmen that hasn’t already been said? Many consider it the greatest graphic novel ever produced – and I’d definitely put it near the top. Many people complained that the film based on it last year was too slavishly dedicated to the source material. Well, this practically is the source material, frame for frame (with only the copyrighted score references missing, replacing the background music with original compositions). The motion comic lets you see the action fold out as it happens, providing a more fluid experience than a panel-by-panel depiction. The biggest drawback is that the voice acting, unlike most motion comics, is all done by a single narrator. And I mean all of it. Seriously, try not to cringe the first time Laurie starts speaking, and you’ll get over it pretty soon. But at any rate, here’s an excellent free way to experience the entire series if you never have before, and an interesting way to see it again if you have. The moving pictures constantly draw your attentions to all the little details lovingly crafted by Dave Gibbons in the original graphic novel (which you may have missed the first time) and that in itself is a real treat. All these moving pictures giving you motion sickness? Well, DC Comics has the first issue of Watchmen available for free. That’s 1 of 12, by the way, so if you’re aching for more, you’ll have to go out to the bookstore, the video store, your local comic shop, the library… heck, this is probably the easiest comic book story to find anywhere. And of course there’s always TheWB.com’s motion comic. Who Watches the Watchmen? We all do! This is actually a million times better than I thought it would be. I tend to read a lot faster than this, so sometimes that’s painful, but I was surprised at how natural the moving art felt – I figured it would be a lot lot worse. Oh, the motion comics animators do an astounding job with every DC property- some time in the future, I’ll write an article for another free one.<\|endoftext\|>Research at Palomar is conducted by astronomers from all over the world. Many are based in Southern California at Caltech and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Others are from domestic partners such as Yale University, the American Museum of Natural History, and the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. International Palomar Partners include the Weizmann Institute of Science and the National Astronomical Observatories of China. Current Palomar-based research spans the complete spectrum of astronomical topics, from studies in our own Solar System, all the way to galactic formation, dynamics, and the cosmic web. While Palomar remains a competitive research facility, astronomers working there cannot help but be humbled by the tradition of discovery established by legendary figures such as George Hale, Edwin Hubble, Jesse Greenstein, Allan Sandage, and Maarten Schmidt.<\|endoftext\|>Don’t want to get caught out with a flat battery on a cold and dreary morning? We can help keep you fully charged. Your car battery is an important element of your car, it is a source of energy to start your ignition and it provides power to car accessories. Other than your car battery being dead and not being able to start your car, the other signs your battery is on the way out include; corrosion and stains around the battery terminals and age. Short trip driving or infrequent car use generally give a battery less time to re-charge, making it more likely to go flat. Repco Authorised Service centres are battery experts and will always give sound advice. We have a large range of batteries to suit any type of vehicle so we are always prepared for that emergency flat battery disaster. When you bring your car in for a service we can also use the latest diagnostic equipment to test your battery. If you think you car is in need of a re-charge visit your local Repco Authorised Service, we can test and replace batteries. Book an appointment with your local service centre today. At Repco Authorised Service all parts and servicing come with a nationwide warranty. You can rest easy knowing that we back our work with this extensive guarantee and that with 450 Repco Authorised Service centres Australia wide you are never far from help. Did you know that scrap batteries contain hazardous materials which, if not disposed of properly, can potentially be harmful to humans, pets, wildlife and the environment. The good news is that 99% of a battery is recyclable! Repco Authorised Service take environmental protection seriously, so we choose to partner with Century Yussa for battery recycling. Century Yussa are a respected Australian battery manufacturer who have an excellent recycling program. By recycling scrap batteries Repco Authorised Service is helping to prevent harm to people, animals and the environment, saving energy and reducing landfill. Our scrap batteries are delivered to specialist recycling centres where components are reclaimed and recycled to use in the manufacture of a range of products, including new batteries. Keeping your battery clean is important to ensure it has a long life.<\|endoftext\|>Oops! Well, nobody's perfect, and if you've been bad and have to stay after school for punishment, you'll be cute and get lots of attention in this tiny skirt and matching tie-top blouse that bares the midriff. The collar and the white sleeves of the blouse are trimmed in blue and green tartan plaid.<\|endoftext\|>One of the priorities we have at OpenERP s.a. is usability! In this extent, we have developed another feature that we believe will simplify the use of your configuration in OpenERP. How did we make this be possible? First of all, we grouped the configuration in one single place and simplified the screen by giving you the freedom to decide what you want use and what you want to see. In former versions of OpenERP, the user had to change his interface, by switching between simplified and extended, then install modules, and/or add groups to users. As a user, you were really not offered many choices and sometimes had to use some features that you didn't need. Now, each application has its own configuration defined in one form. All those forms are in the menu Settings of OpenERP. The configuration form gives the users options to select from and apply immediately. Once done, the system is configured immediately Let's see how this is done with and example of a Sales Order. You want to manage discount - Select the option "Discount". You want Pricelist - Select the option "Pricelist per Customer". you invoice on deliveries - Select invoicing method "Based on Deliveries". The selected items in the configuration form will install the needed modules, add the necessary groups to users, or set some default values. It also makes pricelists and discount visible in sale orders, and configure the system to generate invoice after deliveries. You did not check "Allow Different Units of Measure", so you don't see units of measure in your sale order or product views. http://loveawake.ru/ - Знакомства в Трубчевске. Сайт знакомств в Трубчевске бесплатно, без регистрации, для серьезных отношений.<\|endoftext\|>French Ducretet Model 80C Radio. French UNIC 801 set - Equivalent valves? Roberts R900 Any good? Capacitor Block Rebuild; HMV 470. Identity of this radio case? (Premier, Little Maestro etc).<\|endoftext\|>Q: Configuring VMWare Server 2.0 with an HTTP proxy I have configured a VMWare 2.0 server with a guest OS (Ubuntu Linux) and my host OS is Windows XP. My XP machine connects to the Internet via an HTTP proxy. I wanted the guest OS in VMWare to have access to the Internet as well. The VM created has the network adapter set to NAT. I haven't really specified any other settings for the network for this VM (just followed the wizard). When I try to open a website in the guest OS, it asks me for the HTTP authentication. I don't have to do this when using the host OS. Does anybody know what could be wrong? A: If you have an HTTP proxy on your network, your guest OS and apps in the guest will have to be setup to use it just like you did with host	redpajama	[ 50, 27, 20748, 15609, 11685, 323, 500, 11495, 309, 651, 751, 281, 3148, 271, 20372, 2505, 313, 4064, 2608, 10, 275, 247, 11685, 14, 22331, 500, 11495, 13, 323, 1650, 654, 2974, 2730, 81, 31, 28240, 8407, 2608, 3280, 1060, 870, 81, 3073, 2974, 13208, 1737, 943, 309, 513, 281, 8773, 253, 2608, 12164, 2876, 941, 281, 4944, 715, 619, 11685, 11410, 3126, 1293, 8479, 667, 19408, 32, 187, 187, 34, 27, 10635, 327, 6758, 5810, 878, 281, 320, 18993, 327, 11685, 32, 309, 12661, 253, 1563, 2127, 27, 187, 4387, 966, 19743, 32629, 15609, 551, 535, 50274, 9486, 4228, 2457, 29484, 5456, 6127, 426, 747, 29484, 16943, 187, 50270, 24975, 15, 26032, 1587, 7, 8375, 187, 50270, 24975, 15, 26032, 43467, 8375, 187, 50270, 24975, 15, 26032, 9, 1138, 2807, 187, 50274, 4718, 187, 50274, 9486, 4228, 2457, 4605, 5456, 47105, 426, 551, 187, 50270, 3, 7, 1301, 28, 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Псевдонимы ========= Псевдонимы используются для обозначения путей к файлам или URL адресов и помогают избежать использования абсолютных путей или URL в коде. Для того, чтобы не перепутать псевдоним с обычным путём к файлу или URL, он должен начинаться с `@`. В Yii имеется множество заранее определённых псевдонимов. Например, `@yii` указывает на директорию, в которую был установлен Yii framework, а `@web` можно использовать для получения базового URL текущего приложения. Создание псевдонимов <span id="defining-aliases"></span> ---------------------------------------------- Для создания псевдонима пути к файлу или URL используется метод [[Yii::setAlias()]]: ```php // псевдоним пути к файлу Yii::setAlias('@foo', '/path/to/foo'); // псевдоним URL Yii::setAlias('@bar', 'http://www.example.com'); // псевдоним конкретного файла, содержащего класс \foo\Bar Yii::setAlias('@foo/Bar.php', '/definitely/not/foo/Bar.php'); ``` > Note: псевдоним пути к файлу или URL не обязательно указывает на существующий файл или ресурс. Используя уже заданный псевдоним, вы можете получить на основе него новый без вызова [[Yii::setAlias()]]. Сделать это можно, добавив в его конец `/`, за которым следует один или более сегментов пути. Псевдонимы, определённые при помощи [[Yii::setAlias()]], являются корневыми псевдонимами, в то время как полученные из них называются производными псевдонимами. К примеру, `@foo` является корневым псевдонимом, а `@foo/bar/file.php` — производным. Вы можете задать новый псевдоним, используя ранее созданный псевдоним (не важно, корневой он или производный): ```php Yii::setAlias('@foobar', '@foo/bar'); ``` Корневые псевдонимы, как правило, создаются на этапе [предварительной загрузки (bootstrapping)](runtime-bootstrapping.md). Например, вы можете вызвать [[Yii::setAlias()]] в [входном скрипте](structure-entry-scripts.md). Для удобства, в [приложении (Application)](structure-applications.md) предусмотрено свойство `aliases`, которое можно задать через [конфигурацию приложения](concept-configurations.md): ```php return [ //... 'aliases' => [ '@foo' => '/path/to/foo', '@bar' => 'http://www.example.com', ], ]; ``` Преобразование псевдонимов <span id="resolving-aliases"></span> ---------------------------------------------------- Метод [[Yii::getAlias()]] преобразует корневой псевдоним в путь к файлу или URL, который этот псевдоним представляет. Этот же метод может работать и с производными псевдонимами: ```php echo Yii::getAlias('@foo'); // выведет: /path/to/foo echo Yii::getAlias('@bar'); // выведет: http://www.example.com echo Yii::getAlias('@foo/bar/file.php'); // выведет: /path/to/foo/bar/file.php ``` Путь или URL, представленный производным псевдонимом, определяется путём замены в нём части, соответствующей корневому псевдониму, на соответствующий ему путь или URL. > Note: Метод [[Yii::getAlias()]] не проверяет фактического существования получаемого пути или URL. Корневой псевдоним может содержать знаки '/'. При этом метод [[Yii::getAlias()]] корректно определит, какая часть псевдонима является корневой и верно сформирует путь или URL: ```php Yii::setAlias('@foo', '/path/to/foo'); Yii::setAlias('@foo/bar', '/path2/bar'); Yii::getAlias('@foo/test/file.php'); // выведет: /path/to/foo/test/file.php Yii::getAlias('@foo/bar/file.php'); // выведет: /path2/bar/file.php ``` Если бы `@foo/bar` не был объявлен корневым псевдонимом, последняя строка вывела бы `/path/to/foo/bar/file.php`. Использование псевдонимов <span id="using-aliases"></span> ------------------------------------------------ Псевдонимы распознаются во многих частях Yii без необходимости предварительно вызывать [[Yii::getAlias()]] для получения пути или URL. Например, [[yii\caching\FileCache::cachePath]] принимает как обычный путь к файлу, так и псевдоним пути благодаря префиксу `@`, который позволяет их различать. ```php use yii\caching\FileCache; $cache = new FileCache([ 'cachePath' => '@runtime/cache', ]); ``` Для того, чтобы узнать поддерживает ли метод или свойство псевдонимы, обратитесь к документации API. Заранее определённые псевдонимы <span id="predefined-aliases"></span> ---------------------------------------------------------- В Yii заранее определены псевдонимы для часто используемых путей к файлам и URL: - `@yii`: директория, в которой находится файл `BaseYii.php` (директория фреймворка). - `@app`: [[yii\base\Application::basePath\|базовый путь]] текущего приложения. - `@runtime`: [[yii\base\Application::runtimePath\|директория runtime]] текущего пр	redpajama	[ 21715, 1674, 21537, 5129, 11256, 12500, 4141, 209, 187, 33197, 187, 187, 21715, 1674, 21537, 5129, 11256, 12500, 4141, 50099, 41060, 26199, 1367, 12587, 31618, 18651, 19245, 39178, 22625, 3776, 22190, 15290, 6467, 21534, 21241, 3415, 11409, 43704, 10611, 15057, 5129, 1697, 20508, 5790, 5822, 3776, 8496, 9689, 1152, 28732, 19833, 8787, 30826, 15309, 50099, 41060, 33036, 10743, 15057, 8787, 1674, 7869, 28732, 28167, 3776, 22190, 15290, 187, 32882, 10611, 4407, 6467, 8804, 1207, 15, 31989, 17544, 8134, 15147, 13, 10530, 1367, 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иложения. - `@vendor`: [[yii\base\Application::vendorPath\|директория vendor Composer]]. - `@webroot`: вебрут текущего веб приложения (там где находится [входной скрипт](structure-entry-scripts.md) `index.php`). - `@web`: базовый URL текущего приложения. Псевдоним `@yii` задаётся в момент подключения файла `Yii.php` во [входном скрипте](structure-entry-scripts.md). Остальные псевдонимы задаются в конструкторе приложения в момент применения [конфигурации](concept-configurations.md). Псевдонимы расширений <span id="extension-aliases"></span> ------------------------------------------------ Для каждого [расширения](structure-extensions.md), устанавливаемого через Composer, автоматически задаётся псевдоним. Его имя соответствует корневому пространству имён расширения в соответствии с его `composer.json`. Псевдоним представляет путь к корневой директории пакета. Например, если вы установите расширение `yiisoft/yii2-jui`, то вам автоматически станет доступен псевдоним `@yii/jui`. Он создаётся на этапе [первоначальной загрузки (bootstrapping)](runtime-bootstrapping.md) примерно так: ```php Yii::setAlias('@yii/jui', 'VendorPath/yiisoft/yii2-jui'); ``` <\|endoftext\|>Q: Trigger Camera on Google Glass I want to have a way to trigger the camera on Google Glass right after I get in (e.g., "Ok Glass", "App", ) but I cannot find any similar examples online. Any idea how to trigger this? Also, currently when I try to create a new Android project it will be the default Hello World, is there a template for Google Glass? A: On Ok glass you can write like - String fileUri ="file:///mnt/sdcard/Pictures/" ; Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, fileUri); // file:///mnt/sdcard/Pictures/MyCameraApp/IMG_20130812_105617.jpg startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PICTURE_REQUEST); Then you have to call - protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { if (requestCode == TAKE_PICTURE_REQUEST && resultCode == RESULT_OK) { String picturePath = data.getStringExtra( CameraManager.EXTRA_PICTURE_FILE_PATH); } super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } It will work. A: If you want to launch the built-in camera application immediately at the beginning of your application, you can call startActivityForResult with an intent whose action is MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE inside your initial activity's onCreate method. (But note the differences between Android and Glass with respect to how the captured photo is returned; see the Glass Camera class Javadoc for more details.) Eclipse and Android Studio do not currently have any special support to generate Glass projects out of the box. A: You can use my sample Camera Snapshot on GitHub. It does exactly what you're asking. Here it is: https://github.com/dazza222/GlassCameraSnapshot <\|endoftext\|>Q: Youtube caption converter force closes application in Android I have integrated youtube in an kitkat android application. On clicking the caption converter option the application force closes the application. Gives exception as: 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: String resource ID #0x7f0a0108 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.content.res.Resources.getText(Resources.java:274) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:277) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at eqv.a(SourceFile:39) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at adu.f(SourceFile:580) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at aid.run(SourceFile:251) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5312) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:901) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:696) Please help.. If it is not possible to solve how can the caption be disabled? A: One possible cause is that you have resources for different human languages, and the string is missing for one of the languages. Another possible cause is that you use a library, the library code tries to find some resource IDs, but the library code has no access to the original library resources and tries to find the ID in your resources... I have seen such a problem a while ago, at that moment I could not find a reasonable solution. Try this: Replace (or "Override") String in Android Library Project PS In the log I see: 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:277) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at eqv.a(SourceFile:39) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at adu.f(SourceFile:580) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at aid.run(SourceFile:251) What are the mentioned functions from SourceFile? <\|endoftext\|>Josep Maria Terricabras i Nogueras ( Calella, 1946) é um filósofo, professor e político catalão. Ele foi eleito Membro do Parlamento Europeu (MEP) pela Esquerda Republicana da Catalunha nas eleições de 2014 para o Parlamento Europeu. Filósofos da Catalunha Pessoas vivas Nascidos em 1946 Políticos da Espanha<\|endoftext\|>Freezer cooking can be a huge help for those busy (or lazy!) days when cooking from scratch isn’t an option. However, it can be super intimidating to get started. What recipes should you try? Do you the time and energy to devote to a full day of freezer cooking? If so, can you really afford to pay for all those groceries in advance? Is it worth the effort to prepare freezer meals if you can’t do it all in one big day? Let’s erase some of that intimidation with these tips, and you can start filling your freezer for your busy (or lazy) days. 1)	redpajama	[ 15780, 14706, 22625, 15, 187, 14, 2634, 33, 33247, 38416, 8605, 90, 2886, 61, 4793, 61, 12332, 1450, 33247, 5455, 93, 5129, 20650, 14742, 18706, 10743, 23906, 1176, 38253, 62, 1570, 187, 14, 2634, 33, 7585, 9723, 38416, 4407, 32445, 16828, 1367, 8134, 14742, 2964, 11514, 35712, 4407, 32445, 7486, 15780, 14706, 22625, 313, 1367, 11409, 13192, 39804, 8713, 31818, 7620, 12587, 544, 4183, 31818, 29862, 40042, 34491, 7179, 1367, 880, 18317, 14, 8873, 14, 26804, 15, 6535, 10, 2634, 4663, 15, 5581, 65, 481, 187, 14, 2634, 33, 7585, 38416, 9514, 11995, 5790, 36434, 10611, 8134, 14742, 2964, 11514, 35712, 7486, 15780, 14706, 22625, 15, 187, 187, 21715, 1674, 21537, 5129, 11256, 12500, 2634, 33, 90, 2886, 65, 8793, 16205, 1152, 36065, 1367, 12587, 4407, 8277, 8496, 21527, 25994, 3721, 46686, 22625, 21534, 21241, 36593, 2634, 58, 2886, 15, 5581, 65, 49323, 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Use Recipes You Already Love – There are many places online where you can find freezer friendly recipes, but start by looking at recipes you already make and love. The last thing you want to do is invest your time and money into a freezer meal that you end up hating! 2) Start Small with Batch Cooking – Batch cooking is when you double a recipe, eat one batch that day, and freeze the other batch for later. Making a double batch of a dish usually doesn’t take that much extra time. It is a great way to sneak freezer cooking into your regular meal prep. Every time I make curried lentils, I double it for my freezer. 3) Freeze Part of a Meal – The whole meal doesn’t need to be waiting for you in the freezer, and it is okay to add some of the ingredients fresh. I have doubled a batch of chicken fried rice before and froze half of it as a kit. I chopped all the veggies and chicken, added the spices, and put a note on the bag with what additional ingredients I would need to add fresh. I also like doing this with smoothies and honey mustard baked chicken. 4) Gather Inspiration From Sales – Buying a ton of groceries for a freezer cooking day can be expensive, but it helps if you keep an eye out for sales. I love my discount grocery store, and was inspired to try homemade smoothie kits when I discovered they had frozen fruit in stock. Don’t be afraid to give freezer cooking a try! Just maybe you’ll end up loving it so much that you decide to devote an entire day to freezer cooking. If so, check out my 10 Tips for a Successful Freezer Cooking Day. How often do you try freezer cooking? Have you devoted a whole day or do you prefer batch cooking? Just watched your freezer scope! I’ve heard you on Sorta Awesome and about you from Stacy (Love her!). I’m awaiting the arrival of my baby #4 also and I have 6 to 9 weeks to get my freezer full of meals : ) thanks for these tips!! Can’t wait to try some of your recipes! Congrats on the new little one coming your way! A new baby is the BEST motivation for freezer cooking. Have you ever experimented with it before? New this this blog, I’m preggers with my first little one. I am VERY interested in freezer cooking I want to prep several meals before this little guys joins the party in January. How long do freezer meals usually stay good? I am guilty of putting stuff in the freezer and never touching it again, I need to break that habit! Honestly, I’m not too sure what are the exact rules. I think you could find experts saying that things should be used anywhere from within 3 months to a year. I date what I put in the freezer, but usually I don’t put much of a time limit on myself to use the items. It is pretty easy for me to use things up within a year. I don’t think you’ll have any problems with that especially with you having a baby. Trust me. You’ll want to use those meals after he is born! Congrats!! Such great tips here! Thanks for sharing.<\|endoftext\|> # INNER SPEED SECRETS MENTAL STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE YOUR RACING PERFORMANCE ROSS BENTLEY RONN LANGFORD ## _Contents_ Acknowledgments Foreword Introduction How This Book is Organized Chapter 1 Performance Chapter 2 The Ultimate Management System Chapter 3 Your Brain's Software Chapter 4 Brain Wave States Chapter 5 Mental Imagery Chapter 6 Brain Surgery Chapter 7 Sensory Input Chapter 8 Thoughts Chapter 9 Belief System Chapter 10 State of Mind Chapter 11 Personality Traits Chapter 12 Focus Chapter 13 Decision Making Chapter 14 Psychomotor Skills Chapter 15 The Care and Feeding of the Brain Chapter 16 Learning Chapter 17 Coaching Chapter 18 Skills and Techniques Chapter 19 Inner Race Driving Chapter 20 "One" Appendix A Personal Performance Program Appendix B Inner Speed Secrets Appendix C Recommended Reading About the Authors Index ## _Acknowledgments_ First of all, I would like to once again thank everyone whom I acknowledged in my first book, _Speed Secrets_. Your input, motivation and support were the keys to that book, which obviously has led to this one. Of course, thank you to everyone who made _Speed Secrets_ a success by purchasing it. I really want to thank Ronn Langford, my mental coach and coauthor, for setting me on a path that has developed my abilities as a race driver and coach better than I ever would have without him. What I've learned in working with Ronn through the years, and particularly on this book, will help me throughout the rest of my life. Thank you to everyone who helped in the development of this book—all those people who took the time to proofread, edit, provide feedback, and give encouragement. Also, to MBI Publishing, thank you for taking on both this book and _Speed Secrets_. While doing research for this book, and for my own interest, I have read many books on subjects related to what Ronn and I discuss here. Most of them are listed in the Recommended Reading list in Appendix C. I would like to thank the authors of those books—they have helped me learn a lot. Over the past few years, I've had the opportunity to work very closely with a number of race drivers. In providing personal coaching, I've been able to use them as test subjects for all the strategies presented in this book. I specifically want to thank Bob, Chris, Tim, Ryan, Jeffrey, and Lee for their openness and willingness to strive to be even better race drivers. I'm sure they didn't mind being my guinea pigs, as I imagine they enjoyed the improvements they made as much as I did. Next to what I've learned about applying _Inner Speed Secrets_ from coaching race drivers, I've learned almost as much from my daughter, Michelle. I dedicate this book to her, and hope she enjoys her personal performance in whatever endeavors she chooses throughout her life as much as I will enjoy observing her. And finally, thanks again to my wife, Robin, for all her support, assistance, and dedication. _—Ross Bentley_ For several years, I have wanted to put all of the concepts that I have been privileged to learn and work with into a book. But when you're really focused upon your life purpose, it's easy to just put it on a back burner. So for several years, I worked on parts and pieces of this book and conducted some high-performance seminars just for the fun of it. Then last year, Ross, who had just completed his book _Speed Secrets_, asked me about writing a book together, and calling it _Inner Speed Secrets_. It would be about the concepts that Ross and I have taught and worked with for many years, and, from Ross' perspective, how to implement the concepts at the highest potential level. Ross has done this over the past several years, and is experientially knowledgeable about the concepts. We outlined the book and submitted it for consideration for publication. And sure enough, there was interest. So, I would first like to acknowledge Ross and his commitment to kicking me in the rear and getting the job done. Otherwise, it would never have been finished. In addition, there are many others who have been my teachers and mentors over the years, far too many to name. Some of you know who you are—for others, we'll talk about it in the future. I would like to acknowledge specifically some who have taught me so much—Anthony Robbins, Dr. Paul Dennison, and Dr. Carla Hannaford. Most of all, I would like to acknowledge the people I have been given the opportunity to work with, who have taught me more than all others combined. Gabe, Toni, Rita, Wes, and other clients who have had serious traumatic brain injuries and other debilitating conditions—they have taught me so much about what human potential really means, even after top neurologists had given up on them. I would also like to dedicate this book to my daughter, Dorri. Dorri was a beautiful young woman, just graduated from high school and on her life path, when she was killed by a drunken driver. As a result, my personal mission was totally changed and my life was led into a unique and meaningful purpose. And to Dani, my soul mate and life partner. You really complete me! _—Ronn Langford_ ## _Foreword_ Nearly everyone who has set foot to gas pedal has thought at some time that all he really needed to be up there with Fangio, Moss, Senna, and Schumacher, would be a really fast car, some practice, and a little luck. Indeed, those items are helpful, even necessary, but if you are making out a wish list to see you to a championship, don't put them at the top. First, you'll need an appropriate physical and neurological make-up. Every endeavor requires a certain basic set of tools, both innate and learned. Michael Jordan's genetic code predisposed him to be a greater success playing above the rim than,	redpajama	[ 7890, 4568, 28964, 1422, 41332, 10540, 1108, 1707, 403, 1142, 5053, 3909, 835, 368, 476, 1089, 38993, 11453, 20247, 13, 533, 1265, 407, 2819, 387, 20247, 368, 2168, 1056, 285, 2389, 15, 380, 1390, 2181, 368, 971, 281, 513, 310, 1718, 634, 673, 285, 2583, 715, 247, 38993, 11484, 326, 368, 990, 598, 288, 839, 2, 187, 19, 10, 11075, 15023, 342, 378, 1506, 11980, 272, 1108, 378, 1506, 12398, 310, 672, 368, 4021, 247, 13612, 13, 6008, 581, 14604, 326, 1388, 13, 285, 21090, 253, 643, 14604, 323, 1996, 15, 24709, 247, 4021, 14604, 273, 247, 11609, 3798, 2506, 457, 85, 1379, 326, 1199, 4465, 673, 15, 733, 310, 247, 1270, 1039, 281, 36129, 38993, 12398, 715, 634, 3963, 11484, 3765, 15, 6000, 673, 309, 1056, 1095, 2200, 21685, 3683, 13, 309, 4021, 352, 323, 619, 38993, 15, 187, 20, 10, 7648, 2721, 3512, 273, 247, 3189, 267, 1108, 380, 2644, 11484, 2506, 457, 85, 878, 281, 320, 6179, 323, 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say, riding Derby winners. Julia Child was similarly destined to be more successful with a bain-marie than a pas de deux. Like an uncarved block, you came into this world, potentialities to be realized (or not.) The happenstances of your life and your environment roughed in the shape. You refined that with ever more precise tools. You watched. You did. You learned. Gradually, you formed from the formless. And now here you are. Interest, propensity, and circumstances have placed you on a starting grid, the shriek of engines dulled slightly by your earplugs. Your eyes are keen (or artfully corrected). Your heart rate is optimized by training and experience. You are ready for the flag to drop. What sets you apart from the others also waiting? You may differ in innate abilities. Some are more blessed than others. But you may differ more by how fully you have developed those abilities that are specific to this odd commotion of competing in a race car on a cast loop of roadway. And most important, because the differences are the greatest, where those tires nudge the staggered chalk lines, your ability is measured by how fully you have integrated your body, soul, and mind with a clarity of intent. Truth be told, any fool can go fast. It takes something more to go very fast. To go faster still, to be among the fastest, takes the most careful burnishing of all that has come to you by nature and all that you have learned. Sometimes those endowed with all that nature can muster are able to coast on the early, easy successes of what they came with. To do well, they are not pressed to sharpen and particularize their talents. "Cursed with a flair," a friend of mine called it, as he looked back on the moments of flashy brilliance in an otherwise unrealized life. His successes came easily, so he was never moved to work for rewards beyond the immediate horizon. Probably you've known at least one driver who basked in early triumphs, whose natural talents later had the doors blown off by someone who cosseted a lesser legacy. He didn't know that the tortoise and the hare would be on the midterm. It is now a sports cliché that the mental game is the real game. But clichés become clichés because of the truth within them. As you sit on that grid, as you fall in behind the pace car, your mind is the designated driver, whether you recognize it or not. It is best that it be well prepared. In 1975, when I wrote a book called _The Centered Skier_, my elevating the emotional and intellectual aspects of the sport to the same importance as the physical was dismissed as woo-woo stuff. When I taught guided fantasies and visualization, eyes rolled heavenward. So imagine my delight in finding that woo-woo stuff all these years later embraced as rock solid basics in Ronn and Ross' wonderful book. Hey, these guys get it! Furthermore, they have enlarged it and codified it. They can explain it and teach it, and they have made it practical, graspable, feasible, and readily available to you. Just as with the secret of skiing, the great thing about the secret of speed is: It isn't secret! Had I gone on to write, say, _The Centered Driver_, I would hope that it would be _Inner Speed Secrets_. Welcome this book. Embrace it. Breathe it in and make it yours. Godspeed. — _Denise McCluggage_ ## _Introduction_ Do you want to maximize your performance as a race driver on a consistent basis? Do you want to understand how and why the superstars of the sport consistently perform at such a high level? What driver wouldn't? If you are like most race drivers, there are some practice or qualifying sessions or races when everything goes just right, when you are magic in the car, when you're in the flow. And there are other times when nothing seems to go right, when you are decidedly not in the flow. Why is that? Why are there times in your job, your recreation or hobby, or your personal life, when everything you try works and other times when nothing works? Most of us remember some of these moments, but we have no idea why things happen the way they do. Is it something you ate, something you were wearing, something you or someone else said? Is it physical? Is it the car? Or is it mental? Well, all of these things can play a role in how well you drive, but the prime overall factor determining your performance level in and out of the race car is mental. Unfortunately, most of us just don't have a very clear understanding of what _mental_ means. Professional athletes in many sports have been working with sports psychologists for several years. But only recently have race drivers begun to work on strategies for the mind. Visual processing skills, psychomotor response times, dynamic awareness, muscle response and control, and so on are finally being recognized as no less critical components than the engineering and setup of a race car Most race drivers and their teams, whether amateur or professional, spend the off season trying to get the race car more competitive—trying to develop more horsepower, trying to get better balance and handling, and trying to get the thing to stop. They spend serious dollars on developing the car, but they seldom spend anything on developing the driver. Almost every type of automobile racing, with the possible exception of a few of the spec series, demands cubic dollars in order to be competitive. Formula One, Indy Cars, NASCAR, Le Mans/Prototypes, GT and Touring Cars, Indy Lights, Formula Atlantic, etc., have become bottomless pits into which international currencies are thrown. Even at the SCCA club racing level, as many dollars as one can afford (and sometimes more) are spent on the race car. And yet, most invest few dollars and little effort on the primary determinant of their performance and success—the primary management system of the race car, the driver. And the ultimate management system of the driver is, of course, the mind. When we talk, tongue-in-cheek, about the importance of the mental game, we really need to understand that the mind is the cause of our performance in a race car. _All racing drivers at a certain level are given a gift from God, a natural talent. The fellows who are very good, and turn out to be exceptional, exercise that talent to the fullest extent through management of the mind._ —Jackie Stewart At times, most of us have experienced being "in the flow" or "in the zone." It is effortless. It is easy. It is a feeling of total connection. It is not accomplished by trying harder, or by willpower. In fact, for most of us this creates anxiety, and anxiety in any form slows down the mental processing within the brain and the communication to the rest of the body. It also creates immediate changes in body chemistry, which substantially inhibit our ability to access our skills. Along with providing one-on-one race driver coaching, we conduct a seminar called _Inner Speed Secrets_. The seminar has been presented in two Sports Car Club of America National Conventions and dozens of cities throughout North America, and the concepts are now being used by race car drivers at all levels across the United States and Canada. Psychologists, psychiatrists, coaches, athletes, surgeons, nurses, parents, teachers, attorneys, all types of business people, and professional race drivers have participated in this seminar, and have been amazed at the results in their performance level behind the wheel of the race car, and in their personal and professional lives. In addition to thousands of race drivers, we have had the opportunity to work with other athletes, including World Cup soccer players, Olympic-level cyclists, skiers, and others. We have also worked with many people who have had a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or other debilitating disease, as well as young people with various learning difficulties. We have gained a unique perspective and an opportunity to develop, experiment, and observe the effects of specific strategies. These are intended to increase an individual's performance level—especially in a highly competitive racing environment. And most important, we have been able to hear about the results. A few years ago, Ronn concluded a seminar at Sears Point with a one-and-one-half-hour track session. Fourteen participants, many of whom were running in professional series, cut at least a half-second off their personal-best lap time. A few even cut two seconds off—and this was on their home track! In addition, all drivers were able to identify a list of personal, specific objectives that they believed would help them increase their overall performance in the race car, and together they developed strategies for them to be able to make these changes. This included working on everything from concentration, focus, and consistency, to learning how to program better behavioral decisions and control emotions. So, just how important is the mind in racing? In the past, most drivers used will power and wishful thinking, rather than realistic strategies with the objective of becoming an elite-level athlete. Race drivers have had a tendency to operate more on testosterone than on strategies. Then athletes such as Jack Nicklaus, Larry Bird, Bill Russell, Michael Jordan, Carl Lewis, Mike Powell, Ayrton Senna, Emerson Fittipaldi, and Michael Schumacher started implementing performance and superlearning strategies, using visualization techniques, and more. They started to learn how to develop the assets they already had. 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help you determine why you sometimes perform at your highest level, and what stops you from performing at your best. You can look at performance as if it were two sides of the same coin. On one side, what can I do to increase my performance level? On the other side, what can I not do that decreases my performance level? From there, it should be relatively simple to develop a strategy to enable you to perform consistently at your highest level. Ultimately, we want to find the cause of good—even great—performance. If you can identify what causes great performance, then you can replicate that (i.e., what you can do that will induce "being in the zone"). And if you know what causes "bad" performance, you can make the necessary changes to avoid that. ## _How This Book is Organized_ Throughout this book we will suggest specific strategies (planned processes used to achieve a goal) that you can use to improve your performance behind the wheel of a race car. Without a strategy, you rarely make any constructive changes. This will include specific strategies for left/right brain integration, brain/body integration, visual integration, balance, mental preparation, building a belief system for the desired state of mind, at-track mental exercises, learning new techniques and tracks, and more. It will then be up to you to select the appropriate strategies and incorporate them into your own Personal Performance Plan. We wanted the topics presented in this book to be easy to implement. After all, you can have all the information in the world, but if you don't do anything with it, your performance will never improve. For that reason, Appendix A is a very important part of _Inner Speed Secrets_. Appendix A is a list of all the specific strategies presented throughout the book. It is designed for you to pick and choose your very own Personal Performance Program—an overall program consisting of all the strategies you decide to use. Of course, you will need to read the first 20 chapters to gain the full understanding, and therefore motivation, to implement these strategies. _The real key to winning races is not the race car, but you, the driver. And the key to your performance—whether you win or lose—is your mind._ We admit that you may feel a bit awkward or uncomfortable at first using some of the strategies we suggest here. Don't worry; you're not the only one. However, there are ways and places to do them where you won't feel that way. And, we're sure once you start performing at your very best on a consistent basis, everyone around you will want to know what your secret is. You can decide then if you want to show them your tools—your inner speed secrets. Some of the strategies we suggest will not seem or feel _right_ to you, while others will. Use the ones that feel right immediately, and try the others every now and then, and make note of the changes in your performance over time. Just because a strategy doesn't feel right or seem to be making a difference, doesn't mean you should dismiss it completely. The more strategies you use on a regular basis, the better a race driver you will be. Although we will be looking at a variety of concepts and performance strategies separately, they are all interrelated. We can separate them into chapters for discussion purposes, but it is impossible to separate them functionally. By the end of the book we hope to tie everything together, and that it will all make sense to you. We all know that one of the necessary ingredients for each of us to do anything is motivation. There are no quick, easy fixes. We do not have a pill that will quickly increase your performance level, nor a pill to give anyone motivation. Motivation is self-directed; it comes from your inner self making a decision to implement, to follow through, to work to change the way that you do things. This requires a commitment. Motivation and commitment can be developed more easily when you believe that what you are doing will actually be effective. This belief, however, is subject to your understanding of the process. Without the understanding, few people will accept the strategies. That is why we will explain the why and how in this book. The better you understand the concepts, the stronger your belief in their effectiveness will be, and the stronger your motivation will be to use them. Evidence of some success is also necessary to provide continued motivation. But without implementing these strategies, there can be no evidence. We have all heard people say "I tried that once, and it didn't work." And, "I knew it wouldn't work!" If you witnessed the success we've achieved with other race drivers—some of your competitors—you would have all the evidence and motivation you need. You may be able to argue about the theory of something, but when you see and experience the results, there is no argument. Once you begin to use these strategies, you will experience firsthand the results and gain all the motivation you need to continue. By the way, throughout this book we will refer to the race driver as "he." This is in no way meant to imply women cannot drive race cars. It is used only for simplicity's sake. In fact, we often prefer coaching women, because they are usually more open to the learning process. Many men think they already know everything, at least about driving and maybe one other subject. This book is meant to be a tool for successful race drivers. How would you feel if the mechanic preparing your race car learned all the most up-to-date technical performance-enhancing aspects of the car, bought all the latest tools and equipment, and then left them all back at the shop? It's exactly the same with this book—it is a tool. If you don't use it, it won't help you win more races. Simple as that. And trust us, many of your competitors are already using these tools. And no matter how much natural talent you have, it is what you do with it—how you develop it, and how often you access it all—that will determine how successful you are. Your inner speed secrets determine your performance level, and therefore, how often you win. _Somewhere, someone is practicing. And when you meet him in head to head competition, he will beat you!_ —Anonymous (found on a wall at a canoe racing club in Hilo, Hawaii) _Throughout this book we will be throwing a lot of interrelated information at you all at once, hoping to tie it all together by the end. It's a lot like trying to juggle 19 balls all at once while talking about each one individually, and then catching them all at the same time._ ## _Chapter 1_ _Performance_ Before we can get to what causes good and bad performance, we must first define and agree on exactly what performance is. Western culture, and particularly competitive people like race drivers, usually define or rate performance by the outcome—the result. In other words, our perspective of performance is usually viewed in the past tense. We look at the effect rather than the cause. If you win, you tend to think of that as a great performance. If you lose, that is bad performance. But is that really what performance is all about? Is that the right way of looking at it? It is certainly one way, but we'd like to ask you to look at it differently. Have you ever won a race after making a number of mistakes, knowing you could have done better? Was that a great performance? Have you ever finished 3rd, 5th, or even 10th, but felt you got everything possible out of your car on that day? Was that a bad performance? In other words, how many times have you performed at your own personal maximum or best, and yet not had a _great_ result, and vice versa? _Typically, your performance as a race driver lies somewhere on the spectrum between crummy and great. Wouldn't you prefer it to be great all the time?_ By the pure definition of the word, shouldn't performance be related to how you performed, rather than on the result you achieved? We think so. ### _INNER SPEED SECRET #1_ _Focus on your performance, not the result._ We need to have a much better understanding of what causes performance—especially the performance of the driver. The performance spectrum ranges from crummy to great. We usually operate somewhere in between. From day to day, our performance level can change, although we usually have no idea why. If it's not because our skill changes from one day to the next, it must be something else. There are many potential reasons, which is why it can be so challenging to perform at a high level on a consistent basis. #### The Performance Model Over the past several years, we have developed a model that we use with every program we teach. It allows us to look at performance differently, and attempt to understand what causes performance. We call it the Performance Model. Remember that we are using _performance_ in terms of _cause_. Your time and your finishing position are the effect, or the result. Your performance is what caused the result. This model gives us a way to see, experience, and understand the cause of performance. If we look at performance as a _cause_, then, and only then, can we define strategies. As an example, there are no cures for symptoms (effects), only remedies. We can give you two aspirin for a headache, and that may help with the symptom (pain). But it will not cure the cause of the headache. 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able to define a solution. If we can identify what causes you to perform at your highest level, we can develop a strategy. If we can identify what causes you to perform at your worst, we can develop strategies to avoid those causes. First, we must understand the process. Then we can isolate specific personal (individual) objectives and define strategies for specific objectives. We have all seen talented young drivers with the potential for reaching the elite level of motor racing, who were too aggressive, or had too little patience, were too rough on equipment, crashed too often, and never made it. People probably told them they were too aggressive, or needed more patience, or needed to save their car or tires, or crashed too often, and "not to do that." But it did no good! Why? Because it takes more than just saying "don't do that" to change a driver's mental programming. In other words, all they did was deal with the effect, not the cause. This type of change does not occur as the result of a conscious level process or awareness. Let's assume that a driver has a reputation for having little patience and being too aggressive—the result being that hundreds of thousands of dollars of equipment has been destroyed. And so the team owner tells him again and again, "Don't do that!" Understand that a conscious level discussion, or specific instruction by a team owner or driving coach, does not change anything. Why? Because when a driver gets into the car, he is (or should be) driving at the subconscious level. Nothing has been done to change his subconscious programming. The net result will continue to be the same. The Performance Model allows us to understand what causes performance. As we have said, we can look at performance as two sides of the same coin. First, what you can do to increase your performance level, and second, what you can not do that decreases your performance level. Most important, we will then define strategies that will help to make the necessary changes. Your real goal is to get 100 percent out of yourself—to perform at your maximum level. To do that in auto racing, you must first separate yourself (perceptually) from the car, because as you know, your results are often dictated by the competitiveness of your car. ### _INNER SPEED SECRET #2_ _The goal is to get 100 percent out of yourself._ For the sake of our discussions let's place your race car's competitiveness on a performance scale of 0 to 100 percent. Then, grade your skill level on a scale of 0 to 100 percent. Understand that we are talking about your skill level as a race driver today. With more practice—concentrated, directed, effective practice—your skill level will improve. For example, if we use Michael Schumacher's skill level as a benchmark, setting it at 100, on the same scale yours may be 85 today. But with practice, over time, it may increase to 95, or even 100. (You might even reach 105 on Schumacher's scale, and when you do, we have a few team owners we'd like to introduce you to, and we'd like to be your agent!) The race car and its systems are a critically important ingredient in the overall performance, but the car is capable of operating at the highest level only if the driver is up to it. That is, the car cannot make the driver outperform himself. Conversely, a driver cannot make a car outperform itself. And the driver cannot manage the car's systems until he learns to manage his own systems. At the highest level of any sport, the differences between the best competitors are almost negligible. This is especially true in the race car, where a few hundredths of a second in each turn become the difference between a winner and an also-ran. There is a lot of discussion regarding the allocation of importance of the car and driver, relative to each other. In a spec series (in which the cars are supposed to have as much similarity as possible), the driver is considered to make the difference. In CART Champ car racing today, there is a belief that the car is 80 to 90 percent of the performance envelope, with the driver being only 10 to 20 percent. Even the big-name drivers use this comparison. We believe this discussion is inappropriate for the following reason. The car is what the car is. That is, you can work on developing horsepower, handling, aerodynamics, braking systems, and so on, and the driver is a very important part of that process. That is what testing programs are all about. But even a testing program is limited by the driver's ability to recognize, process, and store the dynamic changes in the car. Also, if we assume that the car is set at its maximum performance level, it is still only the driver that will make the car perform at that level. For example, if you have 10 identical cars, with identical setup and identical engines, chassis and tires, what is the percentage of importance of the driver? Answer: 100 percent. If the cars are not identical, but you want to get 100 percent out of the car, what it the importance of the driver? One hundred percent again. The driver is the most important ingredient! And getting the driver to a higher level of performance is the primary objective. _Ultimately, your car's performance level and your own skill level will play a role in the results you achieve, but once you're behind the wheel the only thing you can control is your own performance level. Your goal should be to always perform at your best—your 100 percent._ So, if we place your performance level on the same 0- to 100-percent scale, we can rate how you really perform. If you manage to use every last little bit—100 percent—of your skill level on a consistent basis throughout a race, you can say that you performed at 100 percent, even though you may not have won or driven as well as Michael Schumacher would have in your car on that day. But you did perform at _your_ 100 percent. That's the real goal. You can't, or shouldn't, ever be unhappy with performing at 100 percent. You may, however, make the decision to increase your scale. This is not done by wishful thinking, or more testosterone, or by trying harder! It is done only by implementing effective, efficient learning strategies. This is exactly what Aryton Senna did, and what Michael Schumacher does! Obviously, though, if you didn't win (or even if you did), you will want to strive to improve both the competitiveness of your car and your own skill level. Although we won't go anywhere near a discussion of improving your car in this book, we will look at strategies that can improve your skill level. However, we won't take the traditional approach of covering braking and shifting techniques, cornering lines and such. Instead, we will develop strategies to implement and program these techniques. We can tell a specific driver that he must have more patience, be less aggressive, brake later, be more consistent, produce better qualifying times, and so on. This diagnosis may be absolutely accurate, but it won't accomplish anything if we don't understand the programming process and help the driver know how to achieve these things. ### _INNER SPEED SECRET #3_ _Although your skill level may have physical limits, your mind's potential is limitless._ What we're talking about is an awareness, understanding, and implementation of ways to effectively and efficiently increase your skill level, and then to induce a preferred state of mind that enables you to access those skills at the highest possible level more frequently. If you can acquire a better understanding of what causes your performance, great or crummy, you can develop better and more consistent performance strategies. Our goal for this book is not just to tell you what kind of attitude, mental preparation, and state of mind successful race drivers have, but how to get it. ## _Chapter 2_ _The Ultimate Management System_ Today's top-level race cars have all sorts of data acquisition microsensors designed to gather information, and in some cases, to process that information and execute a change. Engines, whether in a Formula One car or your street car, are controlled by amazingly complex electrical engine management systems. These systems continuously monitor numerous parameters (throttle position, ambient temperature, exhaust temperature, air flow, rpm, etc.), and alter controls to maximize performance. The race driver's brain goes through a very similar process. The human brain is, in fact, the ultimate management system. Throughout this book we will refer to, and compare the brain to a computer, as it does function in many ways like one. It is, however, very different than an IBM or Macintosh, because it is alive, And yet, the brain works like a computer. (Perhaps, as brains were here first, we should say that computers work like brains.) This does not mean that we are nothing more than a computer, but that we function in the same manner. We will, however, never lose sight of the fact that your brain is far more powerful, with far greater abilities, than any computer. For example, just one neuron (nerve cell) in your brain has the capability of one modern computer, while your brain contains approximately 1011 neurons, or about as many stars as there are in the Milky Way! _Whether behind the wheel of a race car or not, your brain acts much like a very sophisticated computer._ The total amount of information going into the brain while driving a race car is staggering to think about. 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1 percent, would that increase your performance level? You bet it would! While driving a race car (or doing anything, for that matter), information goes into your brain—your "biocomputer"—and like any other computer, that information is processed based upon your "software." A million-dollar, state-of-the-art supercomputer with no software will not do anything. Without software, it has no use! As well, software with glitches and bugs is often the cause of limited performance. Your brain's software is an extremely complex organization of neuron patterns within the brain's cells. Years ago, researchers determined the "minimum number of patterns your brain can make is the number "1' followed by 10.5 million kilometers of typewritten zeros!" In other words, your brain's capacity is practically limitless. It is generally accepted today that the average person uses far less than 10 percent of the brain's capabilities. This neuron patterning, or programming, is the basis on which you perceive the world around you. You cannot perceive anything based upon someone else's software. You cannot interpret based upon someone else's software. You cannot react based upon someone else's software. You cannot make decisions based upon someone else's software. One of your performance limitations is the quality of your mental software. Therefore, you need to develop your software to the level of performance that you desire. _As the flow chart suggests, information from your senses, thoughts, and belief system are input to your brain, where it is processed. The information is then filtered by your state of mind and sent to your body to be acted out (your psychomotor skills)._ As is true with any computer, the quality of information going into your brain is critically important. You may have heard the _GIGO_ computer slogan, meaning "garbage in–garbage out." If a computer operator inputs poor-quality information, the result or output will be poor, whatever the quality of the computer's software or hardware may be. The same thing applies to your brain. The basic process is simple: Information from your senses, thoughts, or beliefs goes into your brain, where it is processed, as with any computer, based entirely upon its software. And then, based upon the decision reached by your biocomputer (brain), your body (muscle by muscle, joint by joint, etc.) is given specific instructions (when to brake, how much to squeeze the brakes, how much speed to carry through a turn, when and how much to accelerate, and so on). Essentially, these are your psychomotor skills. As you will see, though, your state of mind—your emotions—can have a sort of regulatory or filtering effect on these psychomotor skills. In reality, the process of controlling a race car obviously involves more than just your brain. It is a body-brain-body continuous loop that we are really talking about. Information from your body (senses) is sent to your brain, where it is processed, and then orders (bioelectrical signals) are sent to various parts of your body to be carried out. From there, more information and the reactions of those orders are sent back to the brain, new decisions are processed and sent back to the body again, and the loop continues. As you increase your understanding of this process, you can begin to develop some strategies to improve your performance. First, you must understand the importance of developing the highest quality of information input. #### Processing Information One of the primary differences between a great race driver and an also-ran is his ability to receive and process dynamic information. There are some other important differences, such as the ability to make good decisions and having a great skill level, which we will discuss later, but processing information is critical. Think about everything involved in the act of driving a race car—or skiing, playing tennis, or a musical instrument, for that matter. Just imagine the millions of bytes of information that are being gathered by every part of the body, sent to the brain and processed, the electrical impulses that are then sent to the appropriate muscles to execute a specific movement, and then new information gathered, and so on. And all this is done in a few nanoseconds. The more you practice receiving dynamic information, the more sensitive you become to gathering information. However, you do not gather and process information at a conscious level; it is done only at the subconscious level, which is, in effect, a part of your software. ### _INNER SPEED SECRET #4_ _Quality output depends on quality input._ _The processing and acting upon of information is a continuous loop. Your brain receives information (time to turn into a corner), it processes that information and sends a signal to your body (turn the steering wheel), makes note of the reaction (need to turn more), and the loop begins all over again._ As an example, if we gave you a sheet of Braille, and an explanation of the patterns of raised dots, do you think you would be able to read the Braille right away? Probably not, because your fingers would not be able to recognize the patterns accurately. However, if you practiced it long enough, you could develop the sensitivity in your fingers to actually feel the tiny dot patterns and interpret their meaning. Developing that same high level of sensitivity in a race car is critical to performance. So, one of the keys to being a quick race driver is to be able to gather dynamic information. And that takes practice. Practice becomes programming, and programming is your software from which your decisions and actions result. A few years ago Ronn was working with an Olympic-level skier. She was a specialist in the giant slalom, but had developed a pattern of falling when she started going after more speed. Her skill and technique were not the problem. She had exceptional skill. He decided that to go faster, she needed more sensory input. One of the ways to do that was to get more auditory input into the brain. So Ronn had her skiing many runs at lesser speed, with the primary objective of "listening to the sound of the snow." Just listening! She was, in fact, practicing getting more sensory input, which then allowed her to develop a program to get that additional auditory input at a subconscious level. The level of her skiing, and especially control, increased immediately. The falling pattern was broken, as she increased the ability to get more information into the brain. Let's bring this back to racing and what you can do to improve. If you are able to do a testing program, it needs to be as effective and efficient as possible. Testing at any level of racing is expensive, especially if _you_ are paying the bills! Testing should be more than just learning how the car will react to specific changes. It needs to be done with a total performance strategy, which includes practicing receiving information. Just look at it as developing a more sophisticated software program for the driver. This process will also increase your effectiveness as a test driver. A good test driver is one who has a high level of awareness (sensitivity), is able to create memory, and then relate that information. Most race drivers are reluctant to suggest to their team that they would like to spend part of a test session working on developing themselves—particularly the mental aspects of driving—rather than developing the race car. Suggesting that you are working on a new line through a couple of the turns sounds more acceptable to the typical race team member than developing your sensory inputs. Most teams, however, believe a driver's ability is a given—"either you've got it or you don't." If only more team owners, managers, engineers, and mechanics understood how valuable and how much more efficient it is to work on developing the driver—and just how much a driver can improve, given the opportunity. This is especially true today with all the data acquisition systems, if the driver and the engineer understand what is happening. The driver has an even greater opportunity to create the memory of exactly what is happening at each segment on the track, and then relate that with the data acquisition information. #### How the Brain Receives Information You drive a race car fast when you drive subconsciously—using a program (software). You cannot drive consciously—a race car is much too fast to operate on the conscious level. You must operate by a program. It is important to realize that we also need to gather information at the subconscious level. We cannot gather enough information at the conscious level. Our body's microsensors must be doing their job automatically. The primary ways in which the brain receives information when driving is from three of the sensory inputs—seeing (visual), hearing (auditory), and feel (kinesthetic)—as well as through thoughts, emotions, and the belief system. The better the quality of input, and the more quantity of input, the better the output or performance. Especially important to this process is the basic law relative to psychomotor skills that much of the programming in the brain comes about as the result of practice (repetitions) of the activity. Your programming is mostly a result of what you practice. If you practice (repeat) the right things, the right things will become programmed. If you practice the wrong things, the wrong things will become programmed. For this reason it is very important that you do not practice the wrong things. Whatever you are doing that is wrong must be changed as soon as possible. This is why strategies for practicing are not just important—they are critical! _Your brain receives information from a variety of sources._ Remember, practice doesn't make perfect. Only _perfect practice makes perfect._ We all should know this, but we tend to continue to practice some of	redpajama	[ 337, 2558, 13, 651, 326, 2572, 634, 3045, 1268, 32, 1422, 701, 352, 651, 2, 187, 187, 6175, 6276, 247, 5492, 1113, 313, 263, 2509, 2712, 13, 323, 326, 2647, 582, 1491, 4566, 715, 634, 3998, 1128, 12550, 346, 4193, 14881, 1065, 254, 23887, 395, 751, 667, 643, 4382, 13, 326, 1491, 310, 11742, 1754, 2220, 634, 346, 33385, 449, 329, 3041, 14, 35523, 13, 1375, 14, 1171, 14, 783, 14, 435, 2221, 32948, 342, 642, 3694, 588, 417, 513, 2712, 15, 12414, 3694, 13, 352, 556, 642, 897, 2, 1284, 973, 13, 3694, 342, 1289, 27539, 285, 19775, 310, 2223, 253, 2847, 273, 3710, 3045, 15, 187, 187, 7093, 3998, 434, 3694, 310, 271, 6685, 2570, 6003, 273, 23586, 6127, 1561, 253, 3998, 434, 1341, 15, 20175, 3622, 13, 8607, 3413, 253, 346, 35674, 1180, 273, 6127, 634, 3998, 476, 1056, 310, 253, 1180, 346, 18, 8, 3560, 407, 884, 15, 22, 3041, 28666, 273, 1511, 15720, 33303, 1476, 496, 643, 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the wrong things by repeating the same mistakes. Why? Probably because we don't have a very good learning, practice, or coaching strategy. ### _INNER SPEED SECRET #5_ _Practice is programming._ In order to improve as a race driver, the quality of sensory (visual, kinesthetic, and auditory) information is critically important. Fortunately, there are some exercises that can be used to increase the quality of the information gathered by your sensors. #### Strategies As we mentioned in the Introduction, information and knowledge alone will not make you a better race driver. What you do with that information and knowledge—your strategies—is going to dictate your success. So, to relax and prepare your mind for the strategies presented throughout the remainder of this book, use the following exercises. These are also great exercises to be used regularly prior to getting into your race car. #### Neck Rolls Roll your neck gently from side to side—first to one side, down (chin to chest), then to the other side and back down. Then do the same, only this time roll your head back instead of forward. Do not roll your head through 360 degrees; roll from the side, forward, to side—180 degrees, and then side, back, side—180 degrees. If you feel any tight spots, hold your head in that position for a few seconds until it begins to loosen. _The neck roll exercise._ #### Bracelets Grip your arm below the elbow with the thumb and fore finger of your opposite hand, and turn. Continue turning as you spiral down to the wrist, massaging your forearms. This is a particularly good exercise for relaxing your hands and arms before and after driving. _The bracelets exercise._ #### Brain Buttons With one hand, deeply massage the soft spots under your clavicle (to the left and right of your sternum, and just below your collarbone) for 30 seconds, while pressing your navel with the other hand. This not only helps you relax, but can also increase blood flow to the brain and improve brain-body bioelectrical communication. _The brain buttons exercise._ #### Thinking Cap Unfold and massage the curl in your ears using your thumbs and index fingers, beginning at the top and working down to your ear lobe. This improves your hearing sensitivity and concentration and helps you relax. _The thinking caps exercise._ ## _Chapter 3_ _Your Brain's Software_ Practically everything we do is a result of a program, or the software in our mind. For example, if we asked you to go to the refrigerator and get a drink of milk, you wouldn't consciously have to think about moving your left leg in front of your right leg, then right leg in front of left leg, lift your hand to grab the door handle, and so on. Instead, you rely on the preprogrammed software in your mind that already knows the physical actions—the psychomotor skills—required to accomplish the task. Driving a race car works the same way. Although we typically believe that we do most things by conscious thought, we really accomplish them—at least what we do well—subconsciously. When performing at your peak, your conscious mind sets the objectives and then leaves them for your subconscious mind to accomplish. When you try to do something consciously—thinking about it—you rarely perform at your peak. You cannot consciously drive a race car fast. It is much too fast, and there are too many things happening too quickly for your brain to operate in the conscious mode. You must drive subconsciously, in an _automatic pilot_ mode, everything happening as a result of the program. ### _INNER SPEED SECRET #6_ _Drive the race car on automatic pilot— subconsciously._ Consider what happens as a person learns to ride a bicycle. At first it is very difficult to keep your balance, but with practice it becomes easy. Once mastered, we never forget it. Then, even if it's 10 years since you pedaled a bike, you can ride almost as easily as when you last rode. Why? Every time you perform a task, such as riding a bike or driving a race car, certain neurons in your brain interact with one another and a neurochemical connection is formed. And, much as water flowing through dirt will develop a path and then continue to follow it, once that neurochemical interaction has occurred between brain neurons, the pattern of interaction will occur easily again. The skill of riding a bicycle has been imprinted on your brain; a program has been developed. We need to look at learning as programming—to the deepest level. You have not really learned something until it is completely programmed to the subconscious level. Learning is not just being aware of something at the surface, or the conscious, level. For example, learning is not just being aware that Turn 3 is a _late apex_ turn, and that the absolute fastest line is exactly _this_ path. Learning at the deepest level is the ability to take the car through the turn on _this_ path, at the maximum speed at any point, without thinking about it at the conscious level. That is, it needs to happen _automatically_ —at the subconscious level. _I am able to get to a level where I am ahead of myself; maybe a fifth of a second, who knows? When my car goes into a corner, I am already at the apex._ —Ayrton Senna For the rest of this book, we need to ask you to look at learning in this manner. Learning is programming! Programming is learning! Substitute the word learning for programming, and vice versa. How do we, as human beings, create these programs? We learn (program) little by reading about it. We learn (program) little by someone telling us to do something a specific way. Oh, we can memorize some information or figures, and then regurgitate them. But we learn to do something by doing it. We create our programming most effectively and efficiently through an experiential process. Repetitions of this experience will create the programming into the subconscious. We are able to do something automatically—without thinking about it—as a result of creating the neuron patterning in the brain cells to execute a specific activity. _Everything you do behind the wheel of a race car is a result of one of the countless number of programs in your mind. The key is selecting and fine-tuning the right program for the task._ #### Instant Replay and Preplay In simple terms, the real purpose of your subconscious mind is to carry out and achieve the programs—the actions and objectives—at the direction of your conscious mind. If your conscious mind is focused on negative objectives, your subconscious will do everything it can to see you achieve them. If your conscious mind is focused on positive objectives, your subconscious will make them happen. So, obviously, what your conscious mind is doing is also extremely important! The programs in your brain control more than your physical actions—your psychomotor skills. They also control your beliefs, thoughts, and state of mind. In fact, if a specific situation or condition triggers a state of mind program in which there is anxiety or fear, the performance level of the individual will decrease immediately. So programming exactly what you want to occur is critical! For various reasons, we frequently program many things we don't really want, especially during the learning process. Programming a higher level of performance is often the result of deleting any programming you do not want (deprogramming), and reprogramming what you do want. Race drivers must have an understanding of what they are doing, what they need to change, what they need to do to change, how to change, and how that affects their resulting performance level. It isn't just a matter of wanting to do better. Once you understand this, it gives a whole new meaning to the expression _learning a track_. It isn't just knowing which turns are left or right, or increasing or decreasing radius, etc. And it is not just the basic general psychomotor skills of threshold braking at maximum level, or maintaining dynamic control at the very edge of adhesion while going through a high-speed turn, etc. It is the application of these skills, executed subconsciously at every segment of a track. This is really what learning a track is about. You must get to the subconscious level as quickly as possible. Then you can begin to work on observing what can be changed to be quicker, as you execute that new programming at the subconscious level. Your brain is full of an uncountable number of programs, with an almost infinite number of complex combinations for everything from breathing to how to solve a complex math problem, from throwing a ball to talking. Obviously, we cannot look in detail at each separate program that it takes to drive a race car. (At least, not in the next thousand years!) But we can break them down into basic psychomotor skill programs and variations, or updated versions of the basic programs. For example, once you've learned how to heel-and-toe downshift, and practiced it enough, you have developed a basic program for that psychomotor skill. If you drive another car on which the brake and gas pedal arrangement and the engine response are different, your basic program will have to be altered slightly. It doesn't mean having an entirely new program, just an updated version. 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, call it version 1.1.) With every different car you drive, you have to develop a new version of the heel-and-toe program (versions 1.2, 1.3, 1.4). _Nothing should be done in a hurry in racing, except the drive itself; for everything else you need calm._ —Alan Jones Until each psychomotor skill required to drive a race car becomes a fully developed program, you will not be able to drive at the very limit by yourself, let alone having sufficient brain resources left over to deal with the traffic and constantly changing conditions that occur when racing. Hopefully, you can also see why the initial learning of a skill is so critical. If you try to drive too fast at the very beginning, you will not give your brain enough time to accurately develop the basic programs. And before you can develop the new versions of a program, you have to fully develop and de-bug the basic program. As you will see, there is—or should be—an almost continuous programming/ reprogramming process taking place whenever you drive. The better developed your basic program is, the more brain resources you will have in reserve to observe and suggest reprogramming alternatives or new versions. If all your brain-power reserves are being used to control your psychomotor skills, there will be none left to improve your functions. Now you see why it is so important to have effective programming techniques: Without a precise and accurate program, you will continue to do the same thing over and over again, never making any improvements. The more variations of a basic program you have, the more adaptable and flexible you will be in unique situations, and the quicker you will learn new processes. It is astounding to observe how many race drivers, even drivers at the highest level, will try to force their car's setup (at that moment) to adapt to their personal driving style preference, rather than adapting their style (program) to what the car wants to do at that moment. Rick Mears was one of the all-time best at adapting his style to suit the situation. He definitely had a knack for interpreting what was happening and what needed to be changed, and communicating that information to the team so they could make the necessary adjustments. As his record demonstrates, that usually resulted in as strong a finish as possible—often a victory in a car that didn't look to be capable of winning early in the race. Other drivers often try to make the car adapt to them, and in the process blister tires, scrub off speed, and perhaps lose control and crash. As we said, once an action, movement, thought, or whatever is programmed into your brain, it is there forever. It may not always be easy to access the program, but it is there. Even a name or a face is a program. How many times have you not been able to remember a person's name—access the program—when you wanted to? Then, sometime later it just popped into your head. It was always there. You just had difficulty accessing it. Usually it is when your mind is relaxed that you most easily access deep-rooted memories or programs. You often remember people's names when you are not trying to, right? What does that tell you about your mind when you're behind the wheel of your race car? It needs to be relaxed. Some drivers just seem to have a certain intuition—an instinct or sixth sense—when it comes to racing. When you relax and trust your program—your subconscious—to drive, and stop thinking, you will too. Program your mind through mental imagery so that in racing situations, you respond instinctively. Remember the sayings, "Analysis is paralysis," and "Act, don't think." _And that's what it's about. Trying to get the car to feel like part of your body. An extension. I get my mind into part of the machinery. And get it to be—like the tires are made of rubber, sure. But when things are right, you can feel the tires in your nerve ends. And when you take a car down into the corner as deep as it'll go and you know it's on the ragged edge, it's just like a shot in the arm. It's such a gratifying feeling that you've taken a piece of machinery and kind of glued yourself to it._ —Johnny Parsons You can develop the necessary programs either physically (through experience) or mentally (through thoughts, beliefs, and mental imagery). Both methods are effective in programming your brain, with each having advantages and disadvantages over the other. #### Physical Programming Physical programming occurs through experience. It is the physical practicing of your psychomotor skills. For example, when learning to hit a tennis ball, your first hit usually isn't very accurate. Then, with each subsequent swing, your brain figures out through trial and error how quickly to move your arm, the arc it needs to follow to contact the ball, and the timing required. With more practice—physical programming—that movement becomes what tennis players call a _grooved swing_, which is really a basic program for hitting a tennis ball. However, as anyone who has played tennis knows, the ball rarely comes back to you at the exact same height, angle, or speed. So, you then practice (program) hitting the ball at varying heights, angles, and speed until you have a number of versions of the basic program, or variations of your standard "hit the tennis ball" program. The same process applies to driving a race car. First, you learn the basic techniques (use of the controls, shifting techniques, placing the car along a desired path or line through a corner, etc.) until they become programmed. Then, while driving the race car by program, your conscious mind is watching precisely what the car and you are doing; and if the brain is not overloaded, it will notice slight variations that may enable you to go quicker. It then alters the program until you make an improvement, and makes that an updated version of the program. This is why seat time is so very important. One of the problems with relying entirely upon physical programming is that while altering your program, you may make a negative change, resulting in a slower lap time at best or a crash at worst. On the other hand, sometimes errors actually lead to a positive update of the program. If you enter a corner too fast (failing to perform the _corner entry speed_ program correctly), for example, and make it through the corner despite the extra speed, your brain has just learned that it can be done, so the process of reprogramming begins to update the necessary programs. The result is a new version of the program that increases your cornering speed. Using physical programming can be dangerous, though. If you make a big change, such as turning into a corner 10 feet later, you may not survive long enough for it to become an updated program! On the other hand, if the changes you make are not big enough (turning in 1 foot later), your brain may just interpret that as your failure to perform the program properly, or that you are inconsistent. In other words, to get the mind to accept something new, you may have to overcompensate. If you want to turn in 3 feet later for a corner, you may have to make a few laps turning in 5 feet later. Or, if you want to carry 2 miles per hour more speed into a corner, you may have to try carrying 3<\|endoftext\|>Q: How can I fix a java code that has no class I am trying to correct the error in fix 5 below. It asks for the logical error and to correct it. I think the logical error is that there is no cheese class, but how would I edit the code so that the logical error is fix? I am not sure how to add the class needed in the code and if its needed though? import java.util.; public class Lab21_Vars { public static void main(String[] args) { int i, j; int var0, var1; // Fix 1: Correctly typecast 5.0 to an int so it can assigned to var3. int var2 = 0, var3 = (int) 5.0; //int var2 = 0, var3 = 5.0; // Fix 2: Correctly declare a variable as an array. int [] arri0 = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; //int arri0 = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; double[] arrd0 = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}; // Fix 3: What's wrong with temp? Fix it. int temp = 0; if (i < j) { //int temp = 0; System.out.println("Temp is " + temp); } else { temp = 1; System.out.println("Temp is " + temp); } // Fix 4: Correctly calculate square of sums and print it as total. int total = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { //int total = 0; total += ii; } System.out.println("i value is " + i); System.	redpajama	[ 13, 1067, 352, 2715, 337, 15, 18, 2698, 2726, 1046, 1027, 1113, 368, 4446, 13, 368, 452, 281, 1287, 247, 747, 2715, 273, 253, 27770, 14, 395, 14, 936, 70, 2086, 313, 36446, 337, 15, 19, 13, 337, 15, 20, 13, 337, 15, 21, 481, 187, 187, 64, 16440, 943, 320, 2218, 275, 247, 24284, 275, 16893, 13, 3707, 253, 50276, 187, 27190, 3139, 28, 323, 3253, 2010, 368, 878, 11874, 3333, 187, 187, 424, 1128, 45898, 8302, 424, 187, 187, 24753, 1016, 4369, 297, 17894, 10861, 2424, 281, 4446, 247, 5492, 1113, 4916, 247, 4751, 3715, 2086, 13, 368, 588, 417, 320, 2104, 281, 4446, 387, 253, 1077, 2701, 407, 4834, 13, 1339, 3815, 1907, 4209, 3998, 5300, 1669, 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16 YRS Anhui Guoci Handbags Co., Ltd. 1 YRS Xiamen Greenlike Bag Co., Ltd. html Products Classificat //////////////////// PRODUCTS CLASSIFICATION //////////////////// Exprise-foundation by credit, Mutual benefit win-win More information please check productlist. With a wide range, good quality, reasonable prices and stylish designs, our products are extensively used in residential and commercial application and other industries. Our products are widely recognized and trusted by users and can meet continuously changing economic and social needs. Would you mind to cover it9 Freight collect is also for us operating if you have any carrier account. Production times vary based on the bag you choose, availability of inventory, the printing process you choose. Don’t have time to browse9 Tell us about your project and we can recommend bags to best suit your needs. Please kindly tell me which kind of bags you prefer to and provide me more information. OEM and ODM are You can tell us your idea or provide us the drawing. The sample fee is charged according to the material and size of the product. 5. For any requirement or confused question about them, just please contact us without hesitation. They will choose cotton bags instead of plastic bags to reduce the damage of nature. In our daily life, people can reuse cotton bag and wash them many times. Alibaba.com offers 1,368,078 bag shopper products. About 10% of these are shopping bags, 1% are promotional bags. A wide variety of bag shopper options are available to you, such as cotton, nylon, and polyester. You can also choose from handled, folding, and punch. As well as from free samples, paid samples. There are 1,368,078 bag shopper suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of bag shopper respectively. Bag shopper products are most popular in North America, Western Europe, and Northern Europe. You can ensure product safety by selecting from certified suppliers, including 172,300 with ISO9001, 101,721 with Other, and 76,935 with BSCI certification.<\|endoftext\|>Q: How to display validation summary below the input controls? I have the following form: <form asp-controller="Manage" asp-action="RemoveDetails" method="post" class="form-horizontal"> @if (Model.RequirePassword) { <div id="password-container"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="Password"></label> <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" id="password" autocomplete="current-password" aria-required="true" /> <small> <span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"></span> </small> </div> </div> </div> } <div class="col-6"> <hr class="mt-2 mb-3"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-style-1 btn-danger">Confirm</button> </div> <div class="row"> <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"></div> </div> </form> If I leave the password empty, a validation message (the model uses DataAnnonations) is displayed right below the control. This is fine. If I enter the wrong password, the Post action validates it and adds an error to the ModelState. This error is displayed below the form. Is it possible to display such model errors below the relevant controls? A: Try this code in Controller: ModelState.AddModelError("Password", "validation summary error."); The error message won't display in <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly"></div>, but it can display error message in @Html.ValidationSummary(false, "", new { @class = "text-danger" }). <form asp-controller="Home" asp-action="RemoveDetails" method="post" class="form-horizontal"> <div id="password-container"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="Password"></label> <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" id="password" autocomplete="current-password" aria-required="true" /> <small> @<span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"></span>@ @Html.ValidationSummary(false, "", new { @class = "text-danger" }) </small> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="Description"></label> <input asp-for="Description" class="form-control" id="description" autocomplete="current-password" aria-required="true" /> <small> <span asp-validation-for="Description" class="text-danger"></span> </small> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <hr class="mt-2 mb-3"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-style-1 btn-danger">Confirm</button> </div> <div class="row"> <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly"></div> </div> </form> [HttpPost] public IActionResult RemoveDetails(RemoveDetail rdl) { if(ModelState.IsValid) { var pwd = rdl.Password; //do something here and find the password is wrong //code below won't display error message in <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"> //but can display error message in @Html.ValidationSummary(false, "", new { @class = "text-danger" }) ModelState.AddModelError("Password", "validation summary error."); return View(rdl); } return View(rdl); } <\|endoftext\|>Time to lift sanctions against Venezuela, Iran and Cuba Swiftly moves the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), dashing across continents, skipping over oceans, terrifying populations in every country. The numbers of those infected rises, as do the numbers of those who have died. Hands are being washed, tests are being done, and social distance has become a new phrase. It is unclear how devastating this pandemic will be. In the midst of a pandemic, one would expect that all countries would collaborate in every way to mitigate the spread of the virus and its impact on human society. One would expect that a humanitarian crisis of this magnitude would provide the opportunity to suspend or end all inhumane economic sanctions and political blockades against certain countries. The main point here is this: Is this not the time for the imperialist bloc, led by the United States of America, to end the sanctions against Cuba, Iran, Venezuela, and a series of other countries? Medical Shortages Venezuela's Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza told us recently that the "illegal and unilateral coercive measures that the United States has imposed on Venezuela are a form of collective punishment." The use of the phrase "collective punishment" is significant; under the 1949 Geneva Conventions, any policy that inflicts damage on an entire population is a war crime. The U.S. policy, Arreaza told us, has "resulted in difficulties for the timely acquisition of medicines." On paper, the unilateral U.S. sanctions say that medical supplies are exempt. But this is an illusion. Neither Venezuela nor Iran can easily buy medical supplies, nor can they easily transport it into their countries, nor can they use them in their largely public sector health systems. The embargo against these countries-in this time of COVID-19-is not only a war crime by the standards of the Geneva Conventions (1949) but is a crime against humanity as defined by the United Nations International Law Commission (1947). In 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump enacted tight restrictions on Venezuela's ability to access financial markets; two years later, the U.S. government blacklisted Venezuela's Central Bank and put a general embargo against the Venezuelan state institutions. If any firm trades with Venezuela's public sector, it could face secondary sanctions. The U.S. Congress passed the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) in 2017, which tightened sanctions against Iran, Russia, and North Korea. The next year, Trump imposed a raft of new sanctions against Iran which suffocated Iran's economy. Once more, access to the world banking system and threats to companies that traded with Iran made it almost impossible for Iran to do business with the world. In particular, the U.S. government made it clear that any business with the public sector of Iran and Venezuela was forbidden. The health infrastructure that provides for the mass of the populations in both Iran and Venezuela is run by the State, which means it faces disproportionate difficulty in accessing equipment and supplies, including testing kits and medicines. Breaking the Embargo Arreaza, the Venezuelan foreign minister, told us	redpajama	[ 1036, 714, 6453, 743, 37942, 3262, 1118, 10535, 46728, 2434, 904, 12098, 15, 187, 18, 714, 6453, 1594, 16726, 257, 6115, 3022, 19997, 2434, 904, 12098, 15, 187, 2974, 23910, 6550, 692, 255, 1380, 9032, 605, 4653, 14647, 33949, 28085, 3801, 24352, 1380, 9032, 605, 1889, 10344, 14, 14541, 318, 407, 6152, 13, 36797, 5649, 3330, 14, 6481, 3010, 1491, 4496, 2451, 1885, 3550, 15, 2726, 247, 4618, 2491, 13, 1175, 3290, 13, 5272, 7911, 285, 38194, 11809, 13, 776, 3580, 403, 18171, 908, 275, 16252, 285, 6264, 2898, 285, 643, 17057, 15, 3824, 3580, 403, 7561, 7478, 285, 18273, 407, 4212, 285, 476, 2525, 14949, 6890, 5054, 285, 2675, 3198, 15, 187, 17304, 368, 2564, 281, 3835, 352, 26, 8377, 429, 4822, 310, 671, 323, 441, 6498, 604, 368, 452, 667, 10289, 2395, 15, 28363, 2069, 6889, 1754, 327, 253, 7351, 368, 5206, 13, 11659, 273, 19543, 13, 253, 11993, 1232, 368, 5206, 15, 5037, 7, 38267, 28, 85, 452, 673, 281, 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that his government is alert to the dangers of COVID-19 with a health infrastructure that has been affected by the sanctions. Vice President Delcy Rodrguez is leading a presidential commission to manage whatever resources are available. "We are breaking the blockade," Arreaza said, "through the World Health Organization, through which we have obtained medicine and the tests to detect the illness." The WHO, despite its own crisis of funds, has played a key role in both Venezuela and Iran. Nonetheless, the WHO faces its own challenges with sanctions, particularly when it comes to transportation. These harsh sanctions forced transportation companies to reconsider servicing both Iran and Venezuela. Some airlines stopped flying there; many shipping companies decided not to anger Washington. When the World Health Organization tried to get testing kits for COVID-19 from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) into Iran, it faced difficulty-as the WHO's Christoph Hamelmann put it-"due to flight restrictions"; the UAE sent the equipment via a military transport plane. Likewise, Arreaza told us, Venezuela has "received the solidarity from governments of countries such as China and Cuba." This is a key issue. China, despite its own challenges from COVID-19, has been supplying testing kits and medical equipment to Iran and to Venezuela; it was China's vigorous reaction to the virus that has now slowed down its spread within China itself. In late February, a team from the Red Cross Society of China arrived in Tehran to exchange information with the Iranian Red Cross and with WHO officials; China also donated testing kits and supplies. The sanctions, Chinese officials told us, should be of no consequence during a humanitarian crisis such as this; they are not going to honor them. Meanwhile, the Iranians developed an app to help their population during the COVID-19 outbreak; Google decided to remove it from its app store, a consequence of the U.S. sanctions. End the Sanctions Yolimar Mejas Escorcha, an industrial engineer, tells us that the sanctions regime has put a lot of pressure on everyday life in Venezuela. She says that the government "continues to make an effort to ensure that people who most need it get health care, education, and food." The opposition has tried to say that the crisis is a consequence of the government's inefficiency rather than a result of the imperialist blockade on Venezuela. On March 6, she tells us, a new campaign was launched in the country called "Sanctions Are a Crime." She hopes that this campaign will explain clearly to people why there are shortages in her country-the sanctions being the core reason. In 2019, a group of countries met at the United Nations in New York to discuss the U.S. unilateral sanctions that violated the UN Charter. The intent was to work through the Non-Aligned Movement to create a formal group that would respond to these sanctions. Venezuela's Foreign Minister Arreaza told us that Venezuela supports this initiative but also the declaration of principles drafted by Iran against unilateralism and the Russian formal complaint about denial of visas for officials to visit the UN building in New York. "We hope to resume meetings this year once the difficulties presented by COVID-19 are overcome," he said. They want to meet again, Arreaza said, to "advance joint, concrete actions." What Arreaza told us are initiatives at the interstate level. At the same time, there are ongoing initiatives led by popular movements and political organizations. In November 2019, an anti-imperialist solidarity meeting was held in Havana, Cuba, with representatives from 86 countries. At this meeting, it was decided that attention must be focused on the inhumane use of power in our time; a call was sent out to hold a week of anti-imperialist struggle between May 25 and May 31. The aim of the week is to alert the world's public about imperialism and-in this context-about the murderous sanctions regime driven by the United States, more murderous in this time of COVID-19. The question that a week of activities such as this poses is quite simple: What kind of moral fiber holds together an international system where a handful of countries can act in a way that goes against all the highest aspirations of humanity? When the United States continues its embargos against more than 50 countries-but mostly against Cuba, Iran, and Venezuela-when there is a global pandemic afoot, what does this say about the nature of power and authority in our world? Sensitive people should be offended by such behavior, its mean-spiritedness evident in the unnatural deaths that it provokes. When the U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright was asked about the half-million Iraqi children who died because of U.S. sanctions, she said that those deaths were a price worth paying. They were certainly not a price that the Iraqis wanted to pay, nor now the Iranians or the Venezuelans, or indeed the majority of humankind. We march in May against this desiccated worldview; we march for humanity. Vijay Prashad is an Indian historian, editor and journalist. He is a writing fellow and chief correspondent at Globetrotter, a project of the Independent Media Institute. He is the chief editor of LeftWord Books and the director of Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research. He has written more than twenty books, including The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World (The New Press, 2007), The Poorer Nations: A Possible History of the Global South (Verso, 2013), The Death of the Nation and the Future of the Arab Revolution (University of California Press, 2016) and Red Star Over the Third World (LeftWord, 2017). Paola Estrada is in the Secretariat of the International Peoples Assembly and is a member of the Brazilian chapter of ALBA Movements (Continental Coordination of Social Movements toward the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America). Source: Independent Media Institute This article was produced by Globetrotter, a project of the Independent Media Institute. Vijay Prashad and Paola Estrada 17th March 2020, 19:36 GMT+11<\|endoftext\|>Integrierte Landwirtschaft ist ein auf den gesamten Betrieb bezogenes Managementsystem, das auf eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft abzielt. Es ist ein dynamisches Leitbild, das auf jedem Betrieb und weltweit umgesetzt werden kann. Dazu gehört neben der Beachtung von Details auch die Bereitschaft, sich in allen Betriebsbereichen mithilfe von wissensbasierten Managementprozessen ständig um Verbesserung zu bemühen. Bei der Integrierten Landwirtschaft werden moderne Werkzeuge und Technologien mit traditionellen Verfahren je nach Standort und Situation bestmöglich kombiniert. Definition Die International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) definiert beispielsweise die Integrierte Obstproduktion (Integrated Fruit Production – IFP) als eine wirtschaftlich tragfähige Erzeugung von Früchten hoher Qualität, bei der ökologisch unbedenkliche und sichere Pflanzenschutzverfahren vorrangig genutzt werden. Das dient dazu, unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen und den Einsatz von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln so weit wie möglich zu reduzieren und damit die Umwelt sowie die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen. Eine besondere Betonung liegt bei der Integrierten Landwirtschaft auf dem ganzheitlichen und systematischen Ansatz mit dem gesamten Betrieb als Einheit, der zentralen Rolle von Agrar-Ökosystemen, ausgewogenen Nährstoffkreisläufen und dem Tierwohl aller gehaltenen Nutztiere. Die Bewahrung und Verbesserung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit, einer vielgestaltigen Umwelt und die Beachtung ethischer sowie sozialer Kriterien sind dabei essenzielle Bestandteile. Biologische, technische und chemische Methoden werden sorgsam abgewogen und berücksichtigen den Schutz der Umwelt, die Wirtschaftlichkeit und soziale Anforderungen. Die Europäische Initiative für Nachhaltige Entwicklung in der Landwirtschaft e.V. hat das System Integrierte Landwirtschaft veröffentlicht, in dem weitergehende Erläuterungen zu wesentlichen Elementen gegeben werden. Dazu zählen Organisation & Planung, Human- und Sozialkapital, Energieeffizienz, Nutzung und Schutz des Wassers, Klimawandel und Luftqualität, Management des Bodens, Pflanzenernährung, Pflanzengesundheit und -schutz, Haltung, Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden der Tiere, Landschafts- und Naturschutz sowie Abfallmanagement und Umweltschutz. LEAF (Linking Environment And Farming) propagiert im Vereinigten Königreich mit Integrated Farm Management ein vergleichbares Modell. Dabei handelt	redpajama	[ 326, 521, 2208, 310, 10028, 281, 253, 25926, 273, 19314, 14, 746, 342, 247, 1786, 11319, 326, 556, 644, 5876, 407, 253, 17634, 15, 17979, 3918, 6304, 951, 11064, 15164, 17761, 310, 4283, 247, 12674, 8119, 281, 8722, 5913, 5300, 403, 2130, 15, 346, 1231, 403, 10155, 253, 28398, 937, 1780, 250, 11983, 753, 13, 346, 10489, 253, 3645, 4775, 17273, 13, 949, 534, 359, 452, 2797, 9921, 285, 253, 5216, 281, 2736, 253, 9749, 449, 380, 18896, 13, 5747, 697, 1211, 8891, 273, 8064, 13, 556, 4546, 247, 2234, 2554, 275, 1097, 27608, 285, 7751, 15, 187, 11592, 14153, 13, 253, 18896, 9365, 697, 1211, 7881, 342, 17634, 13, 3782, 672, 352, 3249, 281, 13120, 15, 2053, 17770, 17634, 6726, 13120, 4413, 281, 24033, 1296, 11733, 1097, 7751, 285, 27608, 15, 3808, 39995, 6331, 12060, 627, 28, 1142, 15076, 4413, 4425, 417, 281, 12700, 5041, 15, 2091, 253, 3645, 4775, 17273, 3597, 281, 755, 5175, 28049, 323, 19314, 14, 746, 432, 253, 1986, 8365, 47229, 313, 54, 12648, 10, 715, 7751, 13, 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55, 1944, 333, 2604, 1225, 324, 285, 3643, 6836, 444, 1344, 2960, 187, 1166, 394, 3919, 9169, 13, 655, 27, 1812, 25386, 12, 883, 50279, 12782, 72, 4586, 442, 8565, 88, 14068, 19696, 10863, 9416, 12606, 1850, 32624, 312, 1866, 8387, 363, 2275, 36394, 31435, 3083, 356, 3658, 2468, 13, 9527, 12606, 15827, 23424, 44717, 9236, 8565, 88, 14068, 19696, 490, 91, 928, 85, 15, 187, 187, 15168, 10863, 9416, 3970, 261, 2706, 2070, 262, 67, 786, 13, 9527, 12606, 23530, 358, 8387, 363, 2275, 3807, 259, 2585, 664, 262, 5111, 2510, 292, 15701, 19748, 27772, 15, 399, 48285, 3471, 73, 2381, 1378, 425, 7564, 1784, 2325, 13261, 1947, 8449, 23691, 18654, 3150, 2325, 250, 953, 19696, 13, 15747, 275, 512, 257, 8387, 6595, 1768, 1257, 250, 35009, 278, 334, 300, 453, 8449, 259, 739, 561, 67, 9720, 797, 257, 11354, 856, 91, 48540, 331, 1392, 2109, 304, 5111, 7188, 67, 405, 254, 1947, 10736, 36664, 3090, 864, 15, 187, 187, 4678, 74, 1784, 11677, 72, 363, 797, 257, 8565, 88, 14068, 19696, 19748, 16938, 570, 411, 9314, 2721, 4079, 3807, 6439, 862, 1914, 4784, 4062, 22220, 7188, 71, 39114, 5139, 23424, 8419, 430, 3807, 27817, 2368, 1682, 78, 2381, 45075, 10911, 4805, 27252, 15, 187, 187, 18712, 2490, 187, 22903, 5625, 17273, 323, 35210, 9175, 313, 6527, 3979, 10, 3029, 27252, 320, 11135, 39837, 664, 885, 3150, 11677, 72, 4586, 442, 4386, 296, 5551, 44222, 313, 29653, 456, 43974, 28363, 1108, 309, 7073, 10, 14350, 15827, 259, 14068, 19696, 14671, 492, 356, 71, 21243, 9236, 8024, 2721, 814, 1947, 8449, 1879, 3090, 43340, 8511, 379, 24486, 37509, 13, 24967, 1784, 16919, 76, 862, 17291, 440, 3026, 257, 76, 29968, 3807, 256, 280, 1568, 367, 1258, 11670, 49296, 25374, 332, 71, 39114, 18285, 17943, 304, 730, 307, 15701, 19748, 15, 23184, 277, 850, 277, 48285, 13, 440, 254, 88, 3090, 2224, 39997, 23774, 257, 88, 11131, 17079, 3807, 1850, 444, 968, 16859, 8449, 3554, 16050, 367, 1258, 11670, 49296, 25374, 16855, 33332, 594, 359, 262, 21650, 30203, 45075, 10736, 1660, 91, 26914, 3807, 2687, 262, 3150, 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es sich um einen auf den gesamten Betrieb bezogenen Ansatz, der eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft möglich macht. Einordnung Für die Ernährungs- und Landwirtschaftsorganisation der Vereinten Nationen FAO ist der Integrierte Pflanzenschutz die bei dem Schutz der Kulturpflanzen zu bevorzugende Strategie. Danach ist der Integrierte Pflanzenschutz (IP oder IPM – Integrated Pest Management) eine wesentliche Säule der nachhaltigen Intensivierung der pflanzlichen Erzeugung und trägt dazu bei, mit dem Einsatz von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln möglicherweise verbundene Risiken zu vermindern. Er ist damit ein Kernelement des Integrierten Pflanzenbaus, der selbst ein entscheidendes Element der Integrierten Landwirtschaft als Leitbild einer nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft ist. Keller weist darauf hin, dass der Integrierte Pflanzenbau nicht als Kompromiss zwischen unterschiedlichen Produktionssystemen in der Landwirtschaft zu verstehen ist. Der Begriff steht vielmehr für ein Produktionssystem, das auf einer zielorientierten und fortlaufenden Entwicklung aller Erfahrungen, Erkenntnisse und Verfahren beruht, die in der sogenannten konventionellen Landwirtschaft zur Verfügung stehen. Dabei fließen nicht nur fortlaufend neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, sondern auch Denkanstöße aus dem ökologischen Landbau mit ein. Geschichte Der Integrierte Pflanzenschutz vermittelt den Einstieg in eine ganzheitliche Herangehensweise an die landwirtschaftliche Erzeugung. Schon ab dem Ende der 1950er Jahre fand dieser Ansatz im Obstbau zunehmende Beachtung. Diese Entwicklung war dem zu dieser Zeit als überintensiv empfundenen Einsatz chemischer Pflanzenschutzmittel geschuldet. In der Folgezeit wurde dieser Ansatz im Pflanzenschutz weltweit aufgegriffen und an die verschiedenen Anbaubedingungen und Kulturpflanzen angepasst. Auf Basis der so gesammelten Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen erfolgte über den Pflanzenschutz hinaus ab den [19]80er Jahren zunehmend auch die Entwicklung von Ansätzen und Modellen für den Integrierten Pflanzenbau. Dabei unterblieb zunächst aber die Verknüpfung von Pflanzenproduktion und Tierproduktion weitgehend. In den Folgejahren wurde eine Reihe nationaler und regionaler Initiativen und Projekte gegründet. Dazu zählen etwa LEAF (Linking Environment And Farming) in England, die FNL (Fördergemeinschaft Nachhaltige Landwirtschaft e.V.) in Deutschland, FARRE (Forum des Agriculteurs Responsables Respectueux de l'Environnement) in Frankreich, die FILL (Fördergemeinschaft Integrierte Landbewirtschaftung Luxemburg) oder auch OiB (Odling i Balans) in Schweden. Allerdings gibt es so gut wie keine Zahlen zu der Verbreitung des Integrierten Pflanzenbaus oder des Integrierten Landbaus in der europäischen Landwirtschaft. Das führte im Februar 2014 zu der Empfehlung des Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschusses, seitens der EU der Stand der Integrierten Produktion in der Landwirtschaft Europas detailliert zu analysieren, um so neben der aktuellen Situation auch das weitere Entwicklungspotenzial zu ermitteln. Allerdings sind Hinweise verfügbar, dass in Deutschland zum Beispiel bereits 1999 zwischen 60 und 80 % aller Kern-, Stein- und Beerenfrüchte entsprechend den Leitlinien der Integrierten Produktion angebaut, kontrolliert und vermarktet wurden. Aus dem Vereinigten Königreich liegen Zahlen vor, nach denen 22 % allen Frischobstes und Gemüses entsprechend der Standards zur Integrierten Landwirtschaft erzeugt werden, wie sie von dem Zertifizierungsschema LEAF Marque vorgegeben werden. Nutztierhaltung und Integrierter Pflanzenbau sind oft zwei Betriebszweige eines landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmens. Dazu wurde schon 1998 festgestellt, dass die Erzeugung von Produkten tierischen Ursprungs in der Landwirtschaft bei einer ganzheitlichen Herangehensweise nicht unabhängig von der Pflanzenproduktion betrachtet werden kann, da der Zusammenhang im System eine direkte Verflechtung der beiden Betriebszweige bedingt. Eine isolierte Betrachtung oder gar Loslösung der Haltung von Nutztieren von der genutzten Fläche und ein damit gegebenenfalls einhergehender überhöhter Tierbesatz ist nach den genannten Autoren mit den Grundsätzen und Zielen des Integrierten Landbaus nicht vereinbar. Entsprechend werden ganzheitliche Konzepte für die Integrierte Landwirtschaft wie das EISA „System Integrierte Landwirtschaft“, die Pflanzenbau und Tierhaltung ganzheitlich betrachten, zunehmend und weltweit als Leitbild einer nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft propagiert und umgesetzt. Im Hinblick auf die zum Teil kontrovers diskutierte Zielstellung einer ‚nachhaltigen Intensivierung‘ der Landwirtschaft wird die Ressourceneffizienz heute immer wichtiger. Dabei gilt, dass die Umweltwirkungen der Landwirtschaft deutlich davon abhängen, wie effizient alle eingesetzten Produktionsmittel genutzt werden. Das gilt etwa für den Input pro kg Output, für den Output, der mit jedem kg Input erzielt wird und gleichermaßen für den Output pro Flächeneinheit. Dabei gilt der Faktor Fläche angesichts der stetig weiter wachsenden Weltbevölkerung als eine zunehmend knappe Ressource. Die Effizienzparameter geben deshalb wichtige Hinweise dazu, wie die Effizienz und die Umweltwirkungen von landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssystemen bewertet werden können und wo entsprechende Ansätze zur Verbesserung bestehen. Auf die Notwendigkeit, die weitere Entwicklung auch im Kontext der jeweils umgebenden Landschaften zu sehen und zu bewerten, weist ein Positionspapier der DFG-Senatskommission für Agrarökosystemforschung aus 2014 hin. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden auch die Dokumentation, Zertifizierungsschemata und betriebliche Audits wie etwa LEAF Marque im Vereinigten Königreich und 33 weiteren Ländern weltweit immer wichtigere Werkzeuge, um landwirtschaftliche Praktiken zu bewerten und weiter zu verbessern. Auch wenn sie anstelle der ganzheitlichen Betrachtung landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe auf einzelne Produkte ausgerichtet sind, verfolgen die Prinzipien und Praktiken von SAI Platform und Global GAP ähnliche Ansätze. Ziele Integrierte Landwirtschaft basiert auf der Aufmerksamkeit für Details, fortlaufenden Verbesserungen und einer verantwortlichen Nutzung aller verfügbaren Ressourcen. Da dieses Leitbild an der nachhaltigen Entwicklung ausgerichtet ist, werden die drei zugrunde liegenden Dimensionen „ökonomische Entwicklung“, „soziale Entwicklung“ und „Schutz der Umwelt“ bei der Umsetzung der Integriert	redpajama	[ 1578, 15747, 5111, 27432, 12606, 1850, 32624, 312, 1866, 8387, 363, 2275, 36394, 2646, 257, 42259, 16859, 13, 1784, 15827, 23424, 44717, 9236, 8565, 88, 14068, 19696, 30203, 45075, 5315, 384, 15, 187, 187, 38, 249, 636, 79, 1947, 2490, 187, 39, 8824, 3150, 22948, 1392, 6285, 25190, 14, 3807, 8565, 88, 14068, 19696, 7333, 1247, 5837, 1784, 657, 11892, 565, 257, 15963, 257, 10601, 48, 10863, 1784, 11677, 72, 4586, 442, 367, 1258, 11670, 49296, 25374, 3150, 24967, 1471, 3697, 25374, 1784, 611, 503, 321, 81, 1258, 266, 5282, 10736, 320, 19449, 91, 814, 9747, 27211, 466, 15, 5682, 607, 10863, 1784, 11677, 72, 4586, 442, 367, 1258, 11670, 49296, 25374, 313, 3123, 25342, 8153, 46, 1108, 41275, 367, 383, 11354, 10, 15827, 259, 265, 290, 29968, 322, 1392, 1657, 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en Landwirtschaft sorgsam beachtet. Allerdings gilt nach Überzeugung von EISA, dass die wirtschaftliche Tragfähigkeit des Produktionsverfahrens für die landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe eine unverzichtbare Voraussetzung darstellt, denn erst ein wirtschaftlicher Erfolg ermöglicht auch Investitionen in allen anderen Bereichen einschließlich der Maßnahmen zum Schutz und zur Förderung von Natur und Artenvielfalt, wie sie in dem EISA System Integrierte Landwirtschaft beschrieben sind. Als sehr stark auf Management und Planung basierendes Konzept umfasst Integrierte Landwirtschaft den regelmäßigen Abgleich der erreichten Ergebnisse mit den zuvor festgelegten Zielen. So liegt ein klares Augenmerk des EISA Systems Integrierte Landwirtschaft beispielsweise darauf, dass sich die Landwirte der eigenen Ergebnisse bewusst sind. Indem sie regelmäßig ihre Ergebnisse auf den Prüfstand stellen, wächst die Kenntnis über die erzielten Leistungen ebenso wie das Wissen über noch verbleibende Defizite. Durch die Beachtung von Details können Betriebsleiter so gleichzeitig Verbesserungen bei der Bewirtschaftung und bei den ökonomischen Ergebnissen erreichen. Nach entsprechenden Erfahrungen in England weist die Organisation LEAF darauf hin, dass dort durch einen verringerten, jeweils an den tatsächlichen Bedarf angepassten Einsatz von Dünge- und Pflanzenschutzmitteln pro Betrieb und Jahr zwischen 2.000,- und 10.000 englische Pfund eingespart werden konnten. Verbreitung Nach den ersten Entwicklungsschritten in den 1950er Jahren wurden weltweit Ansätze für den Integrierten Pflanzenschutz, den Integrierten Pflanzenbau, die Integrierte Produktion und die Integrierte Landwirtschaft entwickelt, etwa in Deutschland, der Schweiz, den USA, Australien und Indien. Da die Umsetzung des generellen Leitbilds der Integrierten Landwirtschaft jeweils an die Situation und den Standort angepasst erfolgen soll, statt starren Regeln zu folgen, ist dieses Leitbild nicht nur theoretisch global umsetzbar, sondern es wird bereits in unterschiedlichem Umfang weltweit genutzt. Kritik Von Umweltverbänden wird Kritik an diesem Leitbild geäußert. Das liegt zum Teil darin begründet, dass es in Europa zwar Richtlinien für den ökologischen Landbau (wie etwa Richtlinie No 834/2007 oder den neuen Entwurf von 2014) gibt, aber noch keine vergleichbaren Präzisierungen oder Regelungen für die Integrierte Landwirtschaft entwickelt worden seien. Während damit die ökologische Landwirtschaft und z. B. das deutsche Biosiegel gesetzlich geschützt sind, hat die EU-Kommission es bislang nicht in Erwägung gezogen, an einer vergleichbaren Rahmenrichtlinie zu einem Leitbild „Integrierte Landwirtschaft“ zu arbeiten. Wenn also Erzeugnisse als aus „Kontrollierter Integrierter Produktion“ stammend ausgewiesen und vermarktet werden, dann beruhen die entsprechenden Kontrollmechanismen und Qualitätssiegel nicht auf nationalen oder europäischen Richtlinien, sondern wurden von privaten Organisationen und Qualitätsschemata wie etwa LEAF Marque begründet. Siehe auch Integrierte Produktion Literatur Lütke Entrup, N., Onnen, O., and Teichgräber, B., 1998: Zukunftsfähige Landwirtschaft – Integrierter Landbau in Deutschland und Europa – Studie zur Entwicklung und den Perspektiven. Heft 14/1998, Fördergemeinschaft Integrierter Pflanzenbau, Bonn. ISBN 3-926898-13-5. Oerke, E.-C., Dehne, H.-W., Schönbeck, F., and Weber, A., 1994: Crop Production and Crop Protection – Estimated Losses in Major Food and Cash Crops. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York, Oxford, Shannon, Tokyo. ISBN 0-444-82095-7 Einzelnachweise Form der Landwirtschaft<\|endoftext\|>Q: Finding the magnitude of a complex number During a physics problem, I reached an expression for a complex number that looks like this: $$ \frac{e^{i\theta}\left(e^{iP\theta}-1\right)}{e^{i\theta}-1} $$ where P is some constant. I want to express this complex number in the form $z = \|z\|e^{i\alpha}$. After more than an hour of struggling to get it to that form and failing. What am I missing here? Does it involve a lot of nasty algebra? A: $$e^{iP\theta}-1 = e^{iP\theta/2}(e^{iP\theta/2}-e^{-iP\theta/2})$$ $$e^{i\theta}-1 = e^{i\theta/2}(e^{i\theta/2}-e^{-i\theta/2})$$ $$ \frac{e^{i\theta}\left(e^{iP\theta}-1\right)}{e^{i\theta}-1}= \frac{e^{i(P+1)\theta/2}(e^{iP\theta/2}-e^{-iP\theta/2})}{e^{i\theta/2}-e^{-i\theta/2}}=\frac{\sin P\theta/2}{\sin \theta/2}e^{i(P+1)\theta/2}$$ A: $x$ and $y$ say hello. Alternative (definitely inferior but do-able) approach. It is assumed that $\theta$ is a variable, that $P \in \mathbb{R}$, that $[e^{(i\theta)} - 1] \neq 0$ and that you want to express both $\|z\|$ and $\alpha$ as a function of $\theta$. Set $x_1 = \{[\cos(P\theta)] - 1]\}$ and set $y_1 = [\sin P\theta].$ Set $x_2 = [\cos \theta]$ and set $y_2 = [\sin \theta].$ Set $x_3 = \{[\cos(\theta)] - 1]\}$ and set $y_3 = [\sin \theta].$ Keep in mind that for complex non-zero $z$ and $w$, where $\overline{w}$ signifies the complex conjugate of $w$, you have that $$ \frac{z}{w} = \frac{1}{\|w\|} \times [z \times \overline{w}].$$ Let $N$ denote the complex number $(x_1 + iy_1) \times (x_2 + iy_2)$. Let $D$ denote $(x_3 + iy_3)$. Then, you want the complex number $z = u + iv$, where $$ z = \frac{N}{D}.$$ Clearly, $u$ and $v$ will be functions of $\theta$. It then becomes straightforward to compute $\|z\| = \sqrt{u^2 + v^2}$ and then specify $\alpha$ within a modulus of $2\pi$ re $\cos \alpha = \frac{u}{\|z\|}, ~~ \sin \alpha = \frac{v}{\|z\|}.$ It is true that $u$ and $v$ will end up being very convoluted expressions in $\theta$ and that attempting to simplify the expression for $\alpha$ in terms of $\theta$ will be a nightmare. However, in terms of offering an algorithm, it is unclear how relevant these points are. <\|endoftext\|>\section{Introduction} There are strong indications \cite{DiLi} -- \cite{KaRuSha} that the electroweak standard theory predicts a first-order phase transition at high temperatures corresponding to the electroweak scale. The critical bubbles of the transition are solutions of the static electroweak semiclassical equations of motion. The	redpajama	[ 257, 8565, 88, 14068, 19696, 256, 2061, 22163, 320, 13261, 292, 15, 1876, 15182, 723, 305, 2878, 23424, 37995, 589, 2721, 814, 1947, 8449, 444, 12988, 13, 18117, 3150, 259, 14068, 19696, 29968, 1535, 356, 71, 21243, 304, 30893, 711, 31186, 5751, 621, 332, 71, 1240, 25083, 13417, 3150, 2659, 88, 14068, 19696, 27986, 8387, 6595, 1257, 15827, 440, 332, 91, 11014, 39517, 30675, 666, 1178, 91, 1947, 13681, 296, 47614, 13, 1850, 79, 2827, 296, 9416, 259, 14068, 19696, 663, 379, 8024, 10631, 72, 209, 693, 2381, 72, 663, 384, 18654, 11401, 539, 257, 275, 512, 257, 285, 22061, 2325, 250, 35009, 299, 968, 348, 9114, 10278, 14671, 1784, 7057, 10278, 39521, 3767, 30070, 3697, 25374, 3807, 24499, 401, 6592, 491, 1947, 8449, 427, 4953, 3807, 3975, 257, 6584, 813, 2711, 13, 21650, 14266, 275, 1471, 444, 12988, 4155, 11677, 72, 4586, 442, 8565, 88, 14068, 19696, 6290, 348, 363, 2275, 257, 21308, 15, 187, 187, 2422, 84, 46620, 29274, 12606, 11354, 3807, 9224, 1947, 1666, 26914, 3229, 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transition probability can be calculated using Langer's theory \cite{Langer}. The exact production rate is important for the timing of the transition and the determination of the corresponding temperature. The baryon asymmetry of the universe may be generated through bubble expansion because the three Sakharov criteria -- C/CP violation, baryon number violation and nonequilibrium -- are fulfilled. In a proper treatment of the electroweak phase transition the coarse-grained action constructed consistently for the particular problem and the size scale involved should be used. If there are different mass scales one can integrate out first the more massive fields and keep the light fields in an effective action relevant for the phase transition. At high temperature non-static Matsubara modes may be considered as heavy fields. Integrating out these modes leads to a 3-dimensional effective theory with symmetry restoration at high temperature. The related phase transition is predicted to be second-order instead of first-order, however. It becomes first-order due to contributions from static modes. So some of the light modes have to be integrated out as well in calculating the effective action. It is well known that integrating out the non-static modes using the high temperature expansions and then integrating out the static gauge boson fields one has already an effective potential leading to a first-order phase transition. In this spirit it is very natural to integrate out the static Goldstone modes as well. This is most conveniently done in the 't~Hooft-Feynman covariant background gauge. With the pure real scalar background of the bubble configurations one ends up with a 3-dimensional effective Higgs action whose fluctuations still have to be considered. If a small coupling parameter - maybe after some redefinitions - can be identified, the one-loop perturbative expansion for the effective action will be a good approximation. A carefully introduced gauge coupling $g_3(T)^2$ in the broken phase is well behaved throughout the phase transition, and indeed it is not very large for $m_H\leq m_W$. The $Z_H(\varphi)$ factor of the Higgs kinetic term will be calculated explicitly in the 't~Hooft-Feynman covariant background gauge in one-loop order. It differs considerably from that in the Landau gauge. Due to the fact that $Z_H(\varphi)$ is negative in some $\varphi$ range, it is not sensible to include it in this form in the effective action. We will argue that the derivative expansion breaks down in this range. We also inspect the one-loop $Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ prefactor of the kinetic gauge term. It plays no direct role in the bubble action. However, $g_3(T)^2/Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ is the effective gauge coupling at the constant scale $\varphi$. It blows up for $Z_{\rm gauge}\to0$ and this happens already at rather large values of $\varphi \; (>0.4)$ for $m_H>\frac{1}{2}m_W$. Thus except for very small $m_H$ the $\varphi$-range relevant for the bubble configuration may be largely nonperturbative in the effective gauge coupling. Integration of the (enlarged) gauge degrees of freedom to some (one) loop order can in this range at best be suggestive for the form of the effective Higgs action. We will then consider a Higgs effective action with the known one-loop effective potential and a kinetic term with arbitrary constant $Z$ factor. This allows us to come to our main subject, the discussion of radiative corrections in the heat kernel method. Since there is no background gauge field for the bubble configuration, the heat kernel expansion already exists to very high order (and can easily be extended using new methods \cite{SchmSchu, FliSchmSchu}). Thus we can arrive at a very precise treatment of the fluctuations. It turns out that the static prefactor which is essentially the fluctuation determinant gives a strong suppression of the nucleation rate. Its logarithm may be interpreted as the one-loop correction to the effective action of the critical bubble. The comparison between the two values decides on the applicability of the nucleation theory. Section 2 contains a discussion of the 3-dimensional effective high temperature Higgs action obtained from one-loop integration of all the other fields in the 't~Hooft-Feynman background gauge and a critical inspection of derivative expansion and of perturbation theory. In section 3 we first shortly review the nucleation rate based on Langer's theory. We discuss the critical bubbles obtained with the modification mentioned above. In the following we consider the heat kernel method for calculating the fluctuation determinant and develop a particular method to treat zero/instable modes. We present our high accuracy results for the fluctuation prefactor in the transition rate. Section 4 gives our conclusion. Appendix A contains the calculation of $Z$ factors, Appendix B some generalization of the thin-wall bubble solution. Appendix C gives the first six operators in the heat kernel expansion. \section{The Effective Action} \setcounter{equation}{0} The critical bubble solutions describing the first-order phase transition of the electroweak theory are pure Higgs field configurations. They are not solutions of the original fundamental field equations of the electroweak theory, but correspond to an effective action where (part of) the other field degrees of freedom have already been integrated out. It is the aim of the `exact renormalization group approach' to derive such an action well adapted to the size of the bubbles. In the case of a gauge theory this demanding program is just being developed \cite{ReuWe, Ellwanger}. Still a simpler way to discuss critical bubbles is to generate new terms of the Higgs effective action by using low-order perturbation theory, starting from the fundamental Lagrangian. However in a rigorous treatment this requires the identification of appropriate expansion parameters (which may not be possible). \subsection{The high-temperature effective action} In the case of the electroweak phase transition it is appropriate to perform a high temperature expansion. The expansion parameter is $m(T)/T$. The guiding principle is to integrate out the heavy field degrees of freedom to get an effective theory of the light fields. In a first step it is possible to integrate out the non-static Matsubara-frequencies which gain masses proportional to the temperature $T$ ($2n \pi T$ with $n \neq 0$ for bosons and $(2n+1) \pi T$ for fermions). The remaining effective theory is purely bosonic and 3-dimensional. As argued in ref.~\cite{Landsman} the high-temperature dimensional reduction has shortcomings in higher orders of perturbation theory. In a second step the longitudinal component $A_0$ of the gauge field is integrated out. It develops a Debye-mass proportional to $gT$. In a third step we rescale the coordinates and fields \begin{equation} \label{rescale} \vec{x} \rightarrow \frac{\vec{x}}{gv}, \qquad \Phi \rightarrow v\Phi, \qquad A \rightarrow v A \end{equation} where the scale $v$ is left open for the moment. The remaining high-temperature effective action can be written, in the limit of vanishing electroweak mixing angle, as \begin{equation}\label{Sht} S_{\rm ht} = \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} \int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{4} F_{ij}^a F_{ij}^a + (D_i\Phi)^\dagger (D_i\Phi) + V_{\rm ht}(\Phi^\dagger\Phi) \right] \end{equation} with other contributions vanishing powerlike at high temperature, e.g.~a $(\Phi^\dagger \Phi)^3 /T^2$ term. They have been discussed to be unimportant \cite{JaKaPa}. The effective 3-dimensional gauge coupling is defined as \begin{equation} g_3(T)^2 = \frac{g T}{v} \quad. \end{equation} The gauge coupling $g$ has been scaled out of the covariant derivative and the field strength tensor. The high-temperature effective potential is \begin{equation} V_{\rm ht}(\Phi^\dagger\Phi) = \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\left( (\Phi^\dagger\Phi)^2 - \left(\frac{v_0(T)}{v}\right)^2\Phi^\dagger\Phi \right) \quad. \end{equation} $\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v^2}$ is the asymmetric minimum \begin{equation} v_0(T)^2 = \frac{2}{\lambda_T} \left(T_0^2 - T^2 \right) D \	redpajama	[ 5502, 5912, 476, 320, 209, 187, 1179, 32001, 970, 418, 3751, 434, 3762, 393, 41766, 92, 45, 3751, 7165, 380, 3242, 3275, 2281, 187, 261, 1774, 323, 253, 11795, 273, 253, 5502, 285, 253, 7441, 273, 253, 187, 47771, 3276, 15, 380, 46623, 27110, 273, 253, 10325, 187, 11159, 320, 4561, 949, 19251, 7466, 984, 253, 1264, 29869, 9432, 729, 6866, 187, 283, 330, 16, 5305, 8411, 13, 46623, 1180, 8411, 285, 5293, 48494, 1969, 403, 187, 1020, 14653, 15, 2490, 187, 688, 247, 1463, 1971, 273, 253, 4640, 20881, 3408, 5502, 187, 783, 25319, 14, 72, 11273, 2250, 8818, 187, 46540, 1574, 323, 253, 1798, 1895, 285, 253, 187, 3281, 4311, 3206, 943, 320, 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78, 10859, 86, 38331, 187, 14131, 359, 476, 12666, 387, 247, 1077, 10799, 1971, 273, 253, 15113, 15, 187, 187, 1147, 7819, 562, 326, 253, 4228, 638, 19012, 534, 310, 9093, 253, 209, 187, 8501, 291, 2368, 27152, 4245, 247, 2266, 14523, 187, 1171, 253, 48671, 2281, 15, 7850, 42407, 778, 320, 12814, 347, 253, 581, 14, 14075, 187, 5528, 15831, 281, 253, 3576, 2250, 273, 253, 4619, 19251, 15, 380, 5301, 209, 187, 17352, 253, 767, 2193, 21936, 327, 253, 30437, 273, 253, 187, 29371, 318, 3762, 15, 2490, 187, 12612, 374, 4428, 247, 5955, 273, 253, 495, 14, 6967, 3576, 1029, 3276, 187, 34969, 5943, 2250, 2797, 432, 581, 14, 14075, 9554, 273, 512, 253, 643, 4910, 187, 249, 253, 50276, 626, 95, 41, 3288, 649, 14, 7510, 44166, 4114, 11206, 285, 247, 4619, 15981, 273, 187, 46229, 800, 7466, 285, 273, 20452, 3762, 15, 496, 2593, 495, 359, 806, 13515, 187, 15337, 253, 48671, 2281, 1754, 327, 418, 3751, 434, 50276, 32525, 15, 844, 2319, 253, 4619, 187, 67, 538, 9143, 2797, 342, 253, 11237, 5393, 1840, 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483, 253, 5536, 1673, 7759, 273, 7185, 281, 755, 271, 3576, 3762, 273, 253, 1708, 187, 15069, 15, 187, 187, 688, 247, 806, 3213, 352, 310, 1896, 281, 19837, 562, 253, 1327, 14, 4659, 31999, 538, 4595, 14, 71, 1844, 4601, 187, 4609, 6351, 11843, 14495, 281, 253, 3276, 370, 53, 5, 4816, 19, 79, 393, 2059, 308, 5, 342, 209, 187, 5, 79, 393, 9540, 470, 5, 323, 41913, 285, 3019, 19, 79, 12, 18, 10, 393, 2059, 308, 5, 323, 34040, 481, 380, 5780, 3576, 187, 32525, 310, 15846, 16237, 5120, 285, 495, 14, 6967, 15, 1284, 9125, 275, 1275, 15, 18078, 41766, 92, 45, 2287, 1342, 94, 187, 783, 1029, 14, 26158, 15759, 5141, 556, 35387, 275, 2169, 7367, 209, 187, 1171, 20452, 3762, 15, 2490, 187, 688, 247, 1273, 3213, 253, 14854, 4445, 370, 34, 64, 17, 5, 273, 253, 11206, 1673, 209, 187, 261, 8527, 562, 15, 733, 24357, 247, 1605, 17034, 14, 14611, 14495, 281, 370, 72, 53, 1352, 2490, 187, 688, 247, 2626, 3213, 359, 9708, 1079, 253, 11627, 285, 4910, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 393, 1968, 92, 373, 25912, 94, 187, 61, 4642, 92, 89, 94, 393, 4287, 393, 1124, 464, 4642, 92, 89, 5932, 72, 87, 2023, 393, 9315, 50275, 61, 6065, 393, 4287, 362, 61, 6065, 13, 187, 393, 9315, 50275, 34, 393, 4287, 362, 329, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 2811, 253, 4311, 370, 87, 5, 310, 1669, 1527, 323, 253, 2774, 15, 380, 5780, 209, 187, 8656, 14, 26158, 3576, 2250, 476, 320, 3542, 13, 275, 253, 2701, 273, 29199, 209, 187, 39782, 20881, 12480, 6907, 13, 347, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 52, 384, 94, 187, 52, 1126, 1109, 288, 85, 94, 426, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 94, 50276, 61, 565, 277, 63, 20, 89, 393, 1274, 60, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 21, 94, 401, 578, 1944, 2306, 66, 401, 578, 1944, 2306, 66, 2490, 559, 313, 37, 64, 74, 61, 6065, 25690, 11560, 313, 37, 64, 74, 61, 6065, 10, 559, 2490, 657, 1126, 1109, 288, 85, 3713, 6065, 2850, 11560, 61, 6065, 10, 393, 918, 62, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 3113, 643, 9021, 29199, 209, 187, 9177, 3022, 387, 1029, 3276, 13, 209, 187, 70, 15, 72, 15, 95, 66, 9722, 6065, 2850, 11560, 393, 6065, 4800, 20, 1227, 53, 63, 19, 5, 1307, 15, 1583, 452, 644, 187, 35844, 264, 281, 320, 440, 18108, 393, 41766, 92, 37135, 29456, 9387, 7165, 187, 187, 510, 3576, 495, 14, 6967, 11206, 8789, 310, 187, 7769, 347, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 426, 393, 1124, 92, 72, 308, 1217, 87, 94, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 510, 11206, 8789, 370, 72, 5, 556, 644, 24337, 562, 273, 253, 43359, 4309, 209, 187, 395, 253, 1673, 4757, 13148, 15, 187, 510, 1029, 14, 26158, 3576, 2442, 310, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 55, 1126, 1109, 288, 85, 3713, 6065, 2850, 11560, 61, 6065, 10, 426, 2490, 50275, 61, 1124, 464, 2260, 64, 53, 1217, 72, 63, 19, 889, 1274, 9, 5081, 6065, 2850, 11560, 61, 6065, 4800, 19, 428, 2490, 50275, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 9, 53, 9783, 87, 889, 918, 4800, 19, 61, 6065, 2850, 11560, 61, 6065, 393, 918, 10, 393, 3362, 15, 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quad. \end{equation} It is negative for $T>T_0$. At these temperatures the global minimum of $V_{\rm ht}(\Phi^\dagger \Phi)$ is the symmetric one at $\Phi^\dagger \Phi = 0$. At $T_0$ it moves continuously to finite values. Therefore this potential predicts a second-order phase transition. The constants are determined by the parameters of the standard model. They can be calculated from the zero temperature masses $\tilde{m}$ and the zero temperature vacuum expectation value of the scalar field $\tilde{v} = 246$ GeV \begin{eqnarray} \tilde{m}^2_W &=& \frac{1}{4} g^2 \tilde{v}^2, \qquad \tilde{m}^2_H = 2\lambda \tilde{v}^2 \nonumber\\ T_0^2 &=& \frac{ \tilde{m}_H^2 - 8\tilde{v}^2 B }{4D} \nonumber\\ D &=& \frac{1}{ 8\tilde{v}^2}(3\tilde{m}_W^2 + 2\tilde{m}_t^2) \nonumber\\ B&=&\frac{3}{64 \pi^2 \tilde{v}^4}(3\tilde{m}_W^4 - 4\tilde{m}_t^4) \quad. \end{eqnarray} The temperature dependent quartic coupling is \begin{eqnarray} \lambda_T &=& \lambda - \frac{3}{16 \pi^2 \tilde{v}^4} \left(3\tilde{m}_W^4 \log\frac{\tilde{m}_W^2}{a_B T^2} \;-\; 4\tilde{m}_t^4 \log\frac{\tilde{m}_t^2}{a_F T^2} \right) \nonumber\\ && \ln(a_B) = 3.91, \qquad \ln(a_F) = 1.14 \quad. \end{eqnarray} The theory described by eq.~(\ref{Sht}) is nothing but the 3-dimensional $SU(2)$ Higgs model; it has 13 field degrees of freedom; 9 from the gauge field and 4 from the scalar field. \subsection{Background field and fluctuations} The high-temperature potential in eq.~(\ref{Sht}) corresponds to a second-order phase transition. From lattice calculation \cite{BuIlKriSchi, KaRuSha}, however, and from the full one-loop effective potential \cite{DiLi} -- \cite{JaKaPa} one expects the electroweak phase transition to be first-order. This will be manifest by integrating out further degrees of freedom. In most cases, a first-order phase transition is initiated by the formation of critical bubbles. The electroweak critical bubbles are pure real Higgs field configurations. We therefore divide the 13 remaining fields into the real background field $\varphi$ and into fluctuations in the following way \begin{eqnarray} A_i^a &\rightarrow & A^a_i + g_3\, a_i^a \qquad A^a_i = 0 \nonumber\\ \Phi &\rightarrow & \Phi + g_3 \phi \nonumber\\ \Phi &=& \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} {0 \choose \varphi} \qquad \phi = \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} {\chi^1 + i\chi^2 \choose \eta + i\chi^3} \quad. \label{bgfl} \end{eqnarray} The fluctuations have to be gauge-fixed in some way. A class of covariant background gauges is given by \begin{equation}\label{gaugefix} F^a = D_i(A)\, a_i^a + i \xi \left( \Phi^\dagger \frac{\sigma^a}{2} \phi - \phi^\dagger \frac{\sigma^a}{2} \Phi \right) = 0 \quad. \end{equation} We use the 't~Hooft-Feynman gauge where the gauge parameter is $\xi = 1$. This is contrary to most publications on the electroweak phase transitions which work in the Landau gauge. Using eq.~(\ref{bgfl}) and eq.~(\ref{gaugefix}) the high temperature action (eq.~(\ref{Sht})) changes into \begin{equation}\label{Sbgfl} S_{\rm ht} + \frac{1}{2 \xi} \int d^3x F^a F^a \;\rightarrow\; S_{\rm ht}^{\rm bg} + \delta S_{\rm lin} + \delta S_{\rm quad} + \ldots \end{equation} with the background field part \begin{equation} \label{Shtbg} S_{\rm ht}^{\rm bg} = \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} \int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{2} \partial_i\varphi \partial_i\varphi + V_{\rm ht}(\varphi^2) \right] \quad. \end{equation} The part which is linear in the fluctuations is proportional to $\eta$, the fluctuation which corresponds to the Higgs field $\varphi$ (cf.~eq.~(\ref{bgfl})) \begin{equation} \delta S_{\rm lin} \propto \frac{1}{g_3(T)} \eta \quad. \end{equation} There are no linear terms in the other fluctuations. This is due to the fact that the background field takes the minimum of this part of the fundamental action. Note that we already made use of the absence of linear terms in integrating out the non-static Matsubara-frequencies. Neglecting tadpoles here was only possible due to the fact that the remaining degrees of freedom are purely 3-dimensional. The part quadratic in the fluctuations is most simply written in matrix notation \begin{eqnarray} \delta S_{\rm quad} &=& \frac{1}{2} \int d^3x \; \; Q^T \cdot \Bigg[ - \partial^2 {\bf 1} + \left( \begin{array}{cccc} U & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & U & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & U & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & m_H^2 \end{array} \right) \Bigg] \cdot Q \nonumber\\ Q^T &=& \left( a_1^1, a_2^1, a_3^1, \chi^1, \quad a_1^2, a_2^2, a_3^2, \chi^2,\quad a_1^3, a_2^3, a_3^3, \chi^3,\quad \eta \right) \quad. \label{Squad} \end{eqnarray} $U$ is a $4 \times 4$-matrix \begin{eqnarray} U &=&U_0 + \delta U \label{U}\\ U_0 &=& \left( \begin{array}{cccc} m_W^2 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & m_W^2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & m_W^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & m_\chi^2 \end{array} \right) \qquad \delta U = \left( \begin{array}{cccc} 0 & 0 & 0 & \partial_1\varphi \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \partial_2\varphi \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \partial_3\varphi \\ \partial_1\varphi & \partial_2\varphi & \partial_3\varphi & 0 \end{array} \right) \quad. \label{U0} \end{eqnarray} The diagonal elements are the finite temperature squared masses \begin{eqnarray} m_H^2 &=& \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\left( 3 \varphi^2 - \left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2 \right) \label{mH}\\ m_\chi^2 &=& \frac{1}{4} \varphi^2 + \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\left( \varphi^2 - \left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2 \right) \\ m_W^2 &=& \frac{1}{4} \varphi^2 \label{mW} \\ m_{\rm gh}^2 &=& \frac{	redpajama	[ 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 1147, 310, 4016, 323, 370, 53, 31, 53, 64, 17, 1352, 2058, 841, 9208, 253, 4156, 5927, 273, 209, 187, 5, 55, 1126, 1109, 288, 85, 3713, 6065, 2850, 11560, 393, 6065, 1009, 310, 253, 13123, 581, 387, 209, 187, 1202, 6065, 2850, 11560, 393, 6065, 426, 470, 1352, 2058, 370, 53, 64, 17, 5, 352, 187, 78, 11625, 14949, 281, 6486, 2193, 15, 3813, 436, 2442, 26295, 247, 209, 187, 9815, 14, 2621, 3408, 5502, 15, 2490, 187, 510, 14637, 403, 3413, 407, 253, 3602, 273, 253, 2629, 1566, 15, 1583, 187, 5092, 320, 5118, 432, 253, 5058, 3276, 11843, 669, 3582, 92, 78, 724, 285, 253, 5058, 209, 187, 26158, 12124, 15355, 1318, 273, 253, 13434, 1673, 669, 3582, 92, 87, 94, 426, 30439, 5, 22542, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2306, 19, 64, 56, 14082, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 21, 94, 305, 63, 19, 393, 3582, 92, 87, 2306, 19, 13, 393, 9315, 50276, 187, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2306, 19, 64, 41, 426, 374, 61, 2260, 393, 3582, 92, 87, 2306, 19, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 53, 64, 17, 63, 19, 14082, 393, 1124, 92, 393, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 41, 63, 19, 428, 854, 61, 3582, 92, 87, 2306, 19, 378, 21159, 21, 37, 94, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 37, 14082, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 854, 61, 3582, 92, 87, 2306, 19, 1603, 20, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 56, 63, 19, 559, 374, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 85, 63, 19, 10, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 35, 24255, 1124, 92, 20, 1217, 1540, 393, 2059, 63, 19, 393, 3582, 92, 87, 2306, 21, 1603, 20, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 56, 63, 21, 428, 577, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 85, 63, 21, 10, 50276, 61, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 510, 3276, 7976, 17033, 280, 8789, 310, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 61, 2260, 64, 53, 14082, 393, 2260, 428, 393, 1124, 92, 20, 1217, 1036, 393, 2059, 63, 19, 393, 3582, 92, 87, 2306, 21, 94, 2490, 50276, 61, 1274, 9, 20, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 56, 63, 21, 393, 2808, 61, 1124, 464, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 56, 63, 19, 1217, 66, 64, 35, 308, 63, 19, 94, 11549, 2249, 28, 2490, 50270, 21, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 85, 63, 21, 393, 2808, 61, 1124, 464, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 85, 63, 19, 1217, 66, 64, 39, 308, 63, 19, 94, 393, 918, 10, 187, 61, 6274, 3353, 187, 10494, 393, 6677, 9, 66, 64, 35, 10, 426, 495, 15, 4739, 1157, 393, 9315, 393, 6677, 9, 66, 64, 39, 10, 426, 337, 15, 1047, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 510, 3762, 2529, 407, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 52, 384, 2311, 310, 2717, 533, 253, 495, 14, 6967, 209, 187, 5, 6971, 9, 19, 1009, 22361, 1566, 28, 352, 556, 2145, 1673, 7759, 273, 7185, 28, 898, 432, 253, 11206, 209, 187, 3423, 285, 577, 432, 253, 13434, 1673, 15, 2490, 187, 61, 2377, 4674, 92, 15633, 1673, 285, 15113, 94, 187, 187, 510, 1029, 14, 26158, 2442, 275, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 52, 384, 2311, 10140, 281, 247, 209, 187, 9815, 14, 2621, 3408, 5502, 15, 4325, 10979, 10272, 209, 187, 61, 41766, 92, 9263, 18656, 44, 363, 52, 4635, 13, 15366, 33468, 2809, 66, 2023, 2299, 13, 187, 395, 432, 253, 2120, 581, 14, 14075, 3576, 2442, 393, 41766, 92, 12558, 17448, 94, 1969, 393, 41766, 92, 37135, 29456, 9387, 94, 187, 531, 21973, 253, 4640, 20881, 3408, 5502, 281, 320, 209, 187, 7053, 14, 2621, 15, 831, 588, 320, 9766, 407, 24399, 562, 2007, 7759, 273, 7185, 15, 2490, 187, 688, 954, 2219, 13, 247, 806, 14, 2621, 3408, 5502, 310, 15247, 187, 1615, 253, 4702, 273, 4619, 27892, 15, 380, 4640, 20881, 4619, 27892, 209, 187, 609, 6313, 1524, 22361, 1673, 187, 5397, 13087, 15, 844, 3103, 10957, 253, 2145, 5780, 4910, 715, 253, 1524, 187, 11814, 1673, 669, 4535, 5, 285, 715, 15113, 275, 253, 1563, 1039, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 34, 64, 74, 63, 66, 9443, 4287, 708, 329, 63, 66, 64, 74, 559, 305, 64, 20, 4615, 247, 64, 74, 63, 66, 393, 9315, 50276, 34, 63, 66, 64, 74, 426, 470, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 61, 6065, 9443, 4287, 708, 393, 6065, 559, 305, 64, 20, 393, 2162, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 61, 6065, 14082, 393, 2609, 464, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 19, 599, 551, 17, 393, 27271, 393, 4535, 94, 393, 9315, 187, 61, 2162, 426, 393, 2609, 464, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 19, 599, 187, 50262, 464, 4635, 63, 18, 559, 891, 61, 4635, 63, 19, 393, 27271, 50276, 61, 1464, 50276, 12, 891, 61, 4635, 63, 20, 94, 393, 3362, 15, 50276, 61, 1968, 92, 17424, 1258, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 510, 15113, 452, 281, 320, 11206, 14, 20188, 275, 690, 1039, 15, 329, 966, 273, 43359, 209, 187, 11814, 39417, 265, 310, 1677, 407, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 45870, 11097, 94, 187, 39, 63, 66, 426, 399, 64, 74, 9, 34, 13941, 247, 64, 74, 63, 66, 559, 891, 393, 2981, 393, 1274, 9, 2490, 50274, 61, 6065, 2850, 11560, 393, 1124, 464, 2592, 63, 66, 1217, 19, 94, 393, 2162, 428, 187, 50274, 61, 2162, 2850, 11560, 393, 1124, 464, 2592, 63, 66, 1217, 19, 94, 393, 6065, 2490, 50274, 61, 918, 10, 187, 50274, 30, 470, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 1231, 897, 253, 686, 85, 95, 41, 3288, 649, 14, 7510, 44166, 11206, 835, 253, 11206, 4764, 310, 669, 2981, 426, 337, 1352, 831, 209, 187, 261, 10214, 281, 954, 16516, 327, 253, 4640, 20881, 3408, 16307, 534, 209, 187, 1601, 275, 253, 42005, 11206, 15, 2490, 187, 11888, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 17424, 1258, 2311, 285, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 45870, 11097, 2311, 253, 1029, 3276, 2250, 209, 187, 9, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 52, 384, 26025, 2544, 715, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 52, 17424, 1258, 94, 187, 52, 1126, 1109, 288, 85, 94, 559, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 19, 393, 2981, 94, 393, 565, 277, 63, 20, 89, 401, 63, 66, 401, 63, 66, 50276, 61, 7405, 4287, 18856, 187, 52, 1126, 1109, 288, 85, 4799, 1109, 15826, 94, 559, 393, 3005, 322, 1126, 1109, 19169, 94, 559, 187, 61, 3005, 322, 1126, 1109, 9853, 94, 559, 393, 5589, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 3113, 253, 4114, 1673, 629, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 393, 1968, 92, 52, 384, 17424, 94, 187, 52, 1126, 1109, 288, 85, 4799, 1109, 15826, 94, 426, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 94, 50276, 61, 565, 277, 63, 20, 89, 393, 1274, 60, 187, 61, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 19, 94, 393, 3214, 64, 74, 61, 4535, 393, 3214, 64, 74, 61, 4535, 559, 2490, 657, 1126, 1109, 288, 85, 3713, 4535, 63, 19, 10, 393, 918, 62, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 510, 629, 534, 310, 4872, 275, 253, 15113, 310, 14495, 281, 669, 1464, 1366, 253, 209, 187, 8501, 291, 2368, 534, 10140, 281, 253, 22361, 1673, 669, 4535, 5, 313, 7836, 15, 95, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 17424, 1258, 26025, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 61, 3005, 322, 1126, 1109, 19169, 94, 393, 24213, 50276, 61, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 3117, 393, 1464, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 2512, 403, 642, 4872, 2426, 275, 253, 643, 15113, 15, 209, 187, 1552, 310, 1955, 281, 253, 958, 326, 253, 4114, 187, 3423, 3936, 253, 5927, 273, 436, 629, 273, 253, 7936, 2250, 15, 187, 8497, 326, 359, 2168, 1160, 897, 273, 253, 5928, 273, 4872, 2426, 187, 249, 24399, 562, 253, 1327, 14, 4659, 31999, 538, 4595, 14, 71, 1844, 4601, 15, 15186, 732, 272, 46868, 81, 3841, 1060, 209, 187, 4238, 760, 1896, 1955, 281, 253, 958, 326, 253, 5780, 7759, 273, 7185, 403, 187, 32669, 314, 495, 14, 6967, 15, 2490, 187, 510, 629, 21396, 275, 253, 15113, 310, 954, 3365, 3542, 275, 4315, 209, 187, 25604, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 209, 187, 61, 3005, 322, 1126, 1109, 9853, 94, 14082, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 19, 94, 393, 565, 277, 63, 20, 89, 11549, 11549, 1165, 63, 53, 393, 3830, 187, 61, 31467, 60, 428, 393, 3214, 63, 19, 1926, 3342, 337, 94, 559, 187, 61, 1274, 9, 187, 393, 2043, 92, 3728, 1217, 19533, 94, 187, 50275, 54, 708, 470, 708, 470, 708, 470, 3202, 187, 50275, 17, 708, 530, 708, 470, 708, 470, 3202, 187, 50275, 17, 708, 470, 708, 530, 708, 470, 3202, 187, 50275, 17, 708, 470, 708, 470, 708, 278, 64, 41, 63, 19, 187, 393, 423, 92, 3728, 94, 187, 61, 918, 10, 393, 31467, 62, 187, 61, 3830, 1165, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 50, 63, 53, 14082, 393, 1274, 9, 247, 64, 18, 63, 18, 13, 247, 64, 19, 63, 18, 13, 247, 64, 20, 63, 18, 13, 393, 4635, 63, 18, 13, 393, 3362, 247, 64, 18, 63, 19, 13, 247, 64, 19, 63, 19, 13, 247, 64, 20, 63, 19, 13, 393, 4635, 63, 19, 1337, 3362, 187, 50264, 66, 64, 18, 63, 20, 13, 247, 64, 19, 63, 20, 13, 247, 64, 20, 63, 20, 13, 393, 4635, 63, 20, 1337, 3362, 393, 1464, 393, 918, 10, 393, 3362, 15, 393, 1968, 92, 52, 3362, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 5, 54, 5, 310, 247, 370, 21, 393, 3181, 577, 2911, 6674, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 54, 14082, 54, 64, 17, 559, 393, 3005, 530, 393, 1968, 92, 54, 11054, 187, 54, 64, 17, 14082, 209, 187, 61, 1274, 9, 187, 50276, 61, 2043, 92, 3728, 1217, 19533, 94, 187, 50273, 78, 64, 56, 63, 19, 708, 470, 708, 470, 708, 470, 3202, 187, 50273, 17, 708, 278, 64, 56, 63, 19, 708, 470, 708, 470, 3202, 187, 50273, 17, 708, 470, 708, 278, 64, 56, 63, 19, 708, 470, 3202, 187, 50273, 17, 708, 470, 708, 470, 50276, 7, 278, 2253, 4635, 63, 19, 187, 50275, 61, 423, 92, 3728, 94, 187, 61, 918, 10, 209, 187, 61, 9315, 187, 61, 3005, 530, 426, 209, 187, 61, 1274, 9, 187, 50276, 61, 2043, 92, 3728, 1217, 19533, 94, 187, 50273, 17, 708, 470, 708, 470, 708, 393, 3214, 64, 18, 61, 4535, 3202, 187, 50273, 17, 708, 470, 708, 470, 708, 393, 3214, 64, 19, 61, 4535, 3202, 187, 50273, 17, 708, 470, 708, 470, 708, 393, 3214, 64, 20, 61, 4535, 3202, 187, 50273, 61, 3214, 64, 18, 61, 4535, 708, 393, 3214, 64, 19, 61, 4535, 708, 393, 3214, 64, 20, 61, 4535, 708, 470, 187, 50275, 61, 423, 92, 3728, 94, 187, 61, 918, 10, 393, 3362, 15, 393, 1968, 92, 54, 17, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 510, 16421, 3603, 403, 253, 6486, 3276, 30044, 11843, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 78, 64, 41, 63, 19, 14082, 393, 1124, 464, 2260, 64, 53, 1217, 72, 63, 19, 889, 1274, 9, 495, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 428, 2490, 50270, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 1217, 87, 889, 918, 4800, 19, 393, 918, 10, 393, 1968, 92, 78, 41, 11054, 187, 78, 2253, 4635, 63, 19, 14082, 50276, 61, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 21, 94, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 559, 2490, 50266, 61, 1124, 464, 2260, 64, 53, 1217, 72, 63, 19, 889, 1274, 9, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 428, 187, 50266, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 1217, 87, 889, 918, 4800, 19, 393, 918, 10, 3202, 187, 78, 64, 56, 63, 19, 14082, 50276, 61, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 21, 94, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 393, 1968, 92, 78, 56, 94, 3202, 187, 78, 1126, 1109, 32798, 2306, 19, 14082, 393, 1124, 92 ]
1}{4} \varphi^2 \quad. \end{eqnarray} They are positive in the range of phase transition, because $\left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2$ is negative. In the broken phase they are of the same order of magnitude while gauge boson and ghost masses vanish in the symmetric phase. Hence there is no mass hierarchy which holds over the whole interesting $\varphi$-range. Note that the $\eta$-fluctuation does not mix with the other fluctuations (eq.~(\ref{Squad})). In addition there are no linear terms proportional to $a_i^a$ or $\chi^a$. In one-loop order it is therefore possible to perform the remaining integrations in two steps. In a first step we integrate out gauge fields, ghosts, and Goldstone bosons to get an effective action for the $\varphi$ field. We might not find a local effective action through this procedure, however, because it is not supported by an appropriate mass hierarchy. Nevertheless we shall discuss a local expansion, because the relevant scale is set by the bubble solutions which will be calculated in section 3.2. Anticipating the results (figure 5) one sees that the corresponding mass which is given by the inverse wall thickness is quite small ($\approx \frac{1}{30}gv(T)$). In a second step, the fluctuations of the $\varphi$ field contributing to the static prefactor of the nucleation rate will be calculated. \subsection{The effective action of the Higgs field $\varphi$} The effective action of the Higgs field $\varphi$ is in one-loop order calculated from \begin{equation} S_{\rm eff}[\varphi] = S_{\rm ht}^{\rm bg}[\varphi] + \delta S[\varphi] \end{equation} with \begin{equation}\label{delS} \delta S = \frac{1}{2}\log \det(-\partial^2 + M_{12}) - \log \det (-\partial^2 + M_{\rm gh}) \quad. \end{equation} The $12 \times 12$ $a$-$\chi$-matrix $M_{12}$ is a part of $\delta S_{\rm quad}$ (eq.~(\ref{Squad})), while the $3 \times 3$ ghost-matrix $M_{\rm gh}$ is easily calculated from the gauge-fixing condition (eq.~(\ref{gaugefix})). \begin{equation}\label{ghmat} M_{\rm gh} = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} m_{\rm gh}^2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & m_{\rm gh}^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & m_{\rm gh}^2 \end{array} \right) \end{equation} The derivative expansion can be carried out by calculating Feynman diagrams, by summing up the relevant contributions of the heat-kernel expansion, or by using a method proposed in ref.~\cite{CarSal}. The latter is explained in more detail in appendix A. The three methods of course yield identical results. One gets the effective action \begin{equation}\label{Seff} S_{\rm eff}[\varphi] = \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} \int d^3x \left[V_{\rm eff}(\varphi) + \frac{1}{2} Z_H(\varphi) \partial_i\varphi \partial_i\varphi + {\cal O}(\partial\varphi^4)\right] \end{equation} with the effective potential \begin{eqnarray} V_{\rm eff}(\varphi) &=& V_{\rm ht} - \frac{g_3(T)^2}{12 \pi} \left( 9 m_W^3 - 6 m_{\rm gh}^3 + 3 m_\chi^3 \right) \label{Veff}\\ &=& \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \left(\frac{1}{4}\varphi^4 - \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2 \varphi^2 \right) \nonumber\\ && - \frac{g_3(T)^2}{12 \pi} \left( \frac{3}{8}\varphi^3 + 3 \left[ \frac{1}{4}\varphi^2 + \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\left( \varphi^2 - \left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2 \right) \right]^{3/2} \right) \label{Veff2} \end{eqnarray} and the $Z$-function \begin{eqnarray} Z_H(\varphi) &=& 1 \;+\; \frac{g_3(T)^2}{4 \pi} \left[ \;-\; \frac{3}{m_W + m_\chi} \;+\; \frac{3}{64} \frac{1}{m_W^3} \varphi^2 \right. \nonumber\\ &&\qquad\qquad\qquad \left. -\; \frac{2}{64} \frac{1}{m_{\rm gh}^3} \varphi^2 \;+\; \frac{1}{64} \frac{1}{m_\chi^3} \left(1 + 4 \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \right)^2 \varphi^2 \right] \quad. \label{Zeff} \end{eqnarray} The effective potential predicts a first-order phase transition. (We are restricting ourselves to zero-temperature Higgs masses $\tilde{m}_H \le \tilde{m}_W$.) In the transition range it has two minima, the symmetric one at $\varphi_S = 0$ and the asymmetric one at $\varphi_A = v(T)$. During the phase transition $\varphi$ takes on values between $\varphi_S$ and $\varphi_A$. The most natural way of rescaling the field in eq.~(\ref{rescale}) is therefore to choose $v = v(T)$. Hence the asymmetric minimum is always at $\varphi_A = 1$. The parameter $\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v(T)^2}$ introduces the temperature dependence into the potential. The effective coupling $g_3(T)$ is related to this parameter by the requirement that the minimum of the potential corresponding to the broken symmetry phase is located at $\varphi_A = 1$, according to the field rescaling. The critical temperature $T_c$ corresponds to the two minima having equal height. At the roll-over temperature $T_{\rm ro}$ the symmetric phase becomes unstable. In figure 1 we show $\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v(T)^2}$ as function of $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$, for $T=T_c$ and $T=T_{\rm ro}$, respectively. $g_3(T)^2$ at $T=T_c$ and $T=T_{\rm ro}$ is shown in figure 2. \subsection{The gauge-fixing dependence of the effective action} The effective potential (eq.~(\ref{Veff2})) is not a polynomial in $\varphi$, due to the non-vanishing $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$-term of the Goldstone mass (eq.~(\ref{Veff2})). Nevertheless, the corrections induced by this term are (at least for $\tilde{m}_H \le \tilde{m}_W$) numerically small. They manifest themselves in three (small) effects: \\ i) The critical temperature $T_c$ and the roll-over temperature $T_{\rm ro}$ are shifted towards higher temperatures. \\ ii) $V_{\rm eff}(\varphi=0)$ is shifted. This is corrected by adding a constant to the potential. We always work with $V_{\rm eff}(0) =0$. \\ iii) The effective Higgs mass defined by $\sqrt{V_{\rm eff}''(\varphi)}$ has different values in the symmetric and in the asymmetric phase. (cf.~our note on the Higgs masses in section 3.3) Note that the contribution from the $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$-term of the Goldstone mass is the only gauge-dependent part of $V_{\rm eff}(\varphi)$. Integrating out gauge bosons, Goldstones and ghosts in the limit of vanishing $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$ the effective potential is independent of the gauge parameter $\xi$. The gauge-fixing dependent contributions due to the non-vanishing $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$ are numerically small. The situation is totally different looking at the	redpajama	[ 18, 1217, 21, 94, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 50276, 61, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 3726, 403, 2762, 275, 253, 2491, 273, 3408, 5502, 13, 187, 12157, 669, 1274, 1035, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 1217, 87, 889, 918, 4800, 19, 5, 310, 4016, 15, 187, 688, 253, 7154, 3408, 597, 403, 273, 253, 1072, 1340, 273, 9777, 187, 6050, 11206, 32438, 285, 14972, 11843, 29259, 275, 253, 13123, 187, 14213, 15, 7757, 627, 310, 642, 2280, 19868, 534, 6556, 209, 187, 1189, 253, 2644, 4722, 669, 4535, 2911, 6324, 15, 2490, 187, 8497, 326, 253, 669, 1464, 2911, 8501, 291, 2368, 1057, 417, 5878, 342, 253, 643, 209, 187, 8501, 291, 12542, 313, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 52, 3362, 2311, 481, 496, 1635, 627, 403, 642, 4872, 2426, 187, 856, 631, 1593, 281, 370, 66, 64, 74, 63, 66, 5, 390, 669, 4635, 63, 66, 1352, 496, 581, 14, 14075, 1340, 187, 262, 310, 3103, 1896, 281, 1347, 253, 5780, 2899, 569, 275, 767, 5018, 15, 209, 187, 688, 247, 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21, 428, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 19, 94, 187, 50273, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 1217, 87, 889, 918, 4800, 19, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 393, 918, 10, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 10494, 50276, 14, 393, 1124, 92, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 1217, 805, 393, 2059, 94, 393, 1274, 9, 393, 1124, 92, 20, 1217, 25, 889, 4535, 63, 20, 2490, 50274, 12, 495, 393, 1274, 60, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 21, 889, 4535, 63, 19, 559, 393, 1124, 464, 2260, 64, 53, 1217, 72, 63, 19, 889, 1274, 9, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 428, 187, 50273, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 1217, 87, 889, 918, 4800, 19, 393, 918, 10, 393, 918, 30522, 20, 16, 19, 94, 393, 918, 10, 393, 1968, 92, 55, 11801, 19, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 395, 253, 370, 59, 2911, 3701, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 59, 64, 41, 1035, 4535, 10, 14082, 50276, 18, 11549, 2766, 28, 50276, 61, 1124, 92, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 1217, 21, 393, 2059, 94, 393, 1274, 60, 2490, 50275, 18856, 2249, 28, 393, 1124, 92, 20, 1217, 78, 64, 56, 559, 278, 2253, 4635, 94, 187, 50275, 18856, 2766, 28, 393, 1124, 92, 20, 1217, 1540, 94, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 78, 64, 56, 63, 20, 94, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 393, 918, 15, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 3857, 61, 9315, 61, 9315, 61, 9315, 393, 1274, 15, 10042, 28, 393, 1124, 92, 19, 1217, 1540, 94, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 78, 1126, 1109, 32798, 2306, 20, 94, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 50276, 187, 50274, 18856, 2766, 28, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 1540, 94, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 78, 2253, 4635, 63, 20, 94, 393, 1274, 9, 18, 559, 2490, 50275, 21, 393, 1124, 464, 2260, 64, 53, 1217, 72, 63, 19, 94, 393, 918, 4800, 19, 393, 4535, 63, 19, 393, 918, 62, 393, 3362, 15, 393, 1968, 92, 59, 11801, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 2490, 187, 510, 3576, 2442, 26295, 247, 806, 14, 2621, 3408, 5502, 15, 313, 1231, 403, 209, 187, 1120, 27106, 9361, 281, 5058, 14, 26158, 22361, 11843, 669, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 41, 393, 282, 187, 61, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 56, 1352, 10, 496, 253, 5502, 2491, 352, 556, 767, 46836, 13, 253, 13123, 581, 387, 187, 1202, 4535, 64, 52, 426, 470, 5, 285, 253, 26640, 581, 387, 669, 4535, 64, 34, 426, 362, 9, 53, 3822, 6408, 253, 3408, 187, 25974, 669, 4535, 5, 3936, 327, 2193, 875, 669, 4535, 64, 52, 5, 285, 669, 4535, 64, 34, 1352, 380, 209, 187, 2252, 3626, 1039, 273, 46595, 272, 253, 1673, 275, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 373, 25912, 2311, 209, 187, 261, 3103, 281, 5206, 209, 187, 5, 87, 426, 362, 9, 53, 3822, 7757, 253, 26640, 5927, 310, 1900, 387, 669, 4535, 64, 34, 426, 337, 1352, 2490, 187, 510, 4764, 669, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 1217, 87, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 724, 23970, 253, 3276, 10096, 187, 14806, 253, 2442, 15, 187, 510, 3576, 8789, 370, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 1009, 310, 2905, 281, 436, 4764, 407, 253, 209, 187, 15684, 420, 326, 253, 5927, 273, 253, 2442, 3969, 281, 253, 209, 187, 30229, 10377, 3408, 310, 4441, 387, 209, 187, 1202, 4535, 64, 34, 426, 337, 1366, 2556, 281, 253, 1673, 46595, 272, 15, 209, 187, 510, 4619, 3276, 370, 53, 64, 68, 5, 187, 5528, 2541, 84, 281, 253, 767, 46836, 1907, 4503, 4898, 15, 50276, 187, 3404, 253, 4533, 14, 1189, 3276, 187, 5, 53, 1126, 1109, 687, 724, 253, 13123, 3408, 4916, 17631, 15, 496, 4677, 337, 359, 921, 50276, 1202, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 1217, 87, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 724, 209, 187, 284, 1159, 273, 669, 1124, 464, 2260, 64, 53, 1217, 72, 63, 19, 3303, 323, 370, 53, 30, 53, 64, 68, 5, 285, 370, 53, 30, 53, 1126, 1109, 687, 3303, 209, 187, 49115, 15, 209, 187, 5, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 5, 387, 50276, 5, 53, 30, 53, 64, 68, 5, 285, 370, 53, 30, 53, 1126, 1109, 687, 724, 310, 2011, 275, 4677, 374, 964, 187, 187, 61, 2377, 4674, 92, 510, 11206, 14, 11097, 272, 10096, 273, 253, 3576, 2250, 94, 187, 187, 510, 3576, 2442, 313, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 55, 11801, 19, 26025, 310, 417, 247, 14189, 275, 669, 4535, 1366, 187, 21848, 281, 253, 1327, 14, 6148, 3647, 669, 1124, 464, 2260, 64, 53, 1217, 72, 63, 19, 15728, 3945, 273, 253, 209, 187, 22526, 10228, 2280, 313, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 55, 11801, 19, 2311, 481, 12257, 13, 253, 17660, 5802, 407, 209, 187, 2520, 1307, 403, 313, 255, 1878, 323, 669, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 41, 393, 282, 393, 3582, 92, 78, 2000, 56, 7884, 27184, 1355, 15, 209, 187, 3726, 9766, 3746, 275, 1264, 313, 6795, 10, 2538, 27, 3202, 187, 74, 10, 380, 4619, 3276, 370, 53, 64, 68, 5, 285, 253, 4533, 14, 1189, 3276, 370, 53, 1126, 1109, 687, 724, 209, 187, 609, 14728, 4404, 2169, 9208, 15, 3202, 187, 2886, 10, 370, 55, 1126, 1109, 3098, 3713, 4535, 30, 17, 1009, 310, 14728, 15, 831, 310, 15045, 407, 6240, 247, 3638, 209, 187, 936, 253, 2442, 15, 844, 1900, 789, 342, 370, 55, 1126, 1109, 3098, 1603, 17, 10, 426, 17, 1352, 3202, 187, 12211, 10, 380, 3576, 22361, 2280, 2931, 407, 669, 2609, 92, 55, 1126, 1109, 3098, 94, 6267, 1035, 4535, 10392, 209, 187, 7110, 1027, 2193, 275, 253, 13123, 285, 275, 253, 26640, 3408, 15, 209, 187, 9, 7836, 15, 95, 454, 3877, 327, 253, 22361, 11843, 275, 2593, 495, 15, 20, 10, 187, 187, 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$Z$-function (eq.~(\ref{Zeff})). Comparing our results with those obtained in Landau gauge (see e.g.~\cite{BoBuFoHe}) the contribution from the mixed $W$-$\chi$ loops get a factor $\frac{2}{3}$ while the sum of the $W$ and the ghost loops which has to be taken as one part gets a factor 10. The $\chi$-loop contribution is the same. In figure 3 we have plotted the $Z_H$-function at the critical temperature in 't~Hooft-Feynman as well as in Landau gauge. The results are totally different. Note that this strong gauge-fixing dependence can not be cured by introducing a magnetic mass of any reasonable size. In the spirit of ref.~\cite{Wei} one might argue that the gauge-fixing dependence of $Z_H$ in one-loop order cancels against the gauge-fixing dependence of $V_{\rm eff}$ in two-loop order. Indeed in the thin-wall limit, for $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\rightarrow 0$, one can see explicitly that higher derivative terms compete with lower derivative higher loop terms evaluated in the critical bubble background. Away from this limits, however, we expect that also a cancellation against higher derivative terms of the same loop order plays an important role. \subsection{Limits on derivative expansion and perturbation theory} In calculating $S_{\rm eff}$ we have integrated out the gauge and Goldstone degrees of freedom well separated from the Higgs field $\varphi$ in one-loop order. In the range of small $\varphi$ these are massless or light modes and one has to be aware of the breakdown of derivative expansion: the true effective action is a non-local functional of $\varphi$. Indeed if one calculates higher derivative terms (beyond $(\partial \varphi)^2$) the singularities of the higher order $Z$-factors get worse. If one inserts the critical bubble solutions obtained with the usual kinetic term (and to be discussed in section 3.2) into the effective action functional stated in derivative expansion these terms diverge contrary to the $\int d^3x Z(\varphi) (\partial \varphi)^2$ term. The latter term, however, has defects as well. As mentioned above it is highly gauge-dependent and $Z(\varphi)$ also turns out to become negative in some $\varphi$-range in t'~Hooft-Feynman gauge. This makes it impossible to use the effective action resulting from the derivative expansion for a further treatment of the $\eta$ fluctuations. As an alternative to the derivative expansion, one may perform a heat kernel expansion. This is also a local expansion, but instead of summing contributions of a given number of derivatives to all orders, terms with different number of derivatives are systematically combined order by order. In this way, more and more non-locality is covered. There is no obvious scale and therefore the dynamics of the symmetric phase is plagued by infrared problems. However, what we really want to know is a difference of the bubble effective action to the effective action of the symmetric phase. The bubble solution provides additional scales which may serve as infrared cut-off. As mentioned above (section 2.2) this scale is set by the inverse bubble wall thickness and turns out to be rather small. Therefore, the heat kernel expansion may converge reasonably well also in the presence of massless modes. This will not be attempted in this paper. In order to take non-local effects into account in some approximate way, we shall introduce some $\varphi$ independent wave-function renormalization for the kinetic term of the Higgs field \begin{equation}\label{Sz} S_z[\varphi(\vec x)]=\frac{1}{g_3(T)^2}\int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{2} z(\partial_i\varphi)^2+V_{\rm eff}(\varphi(\vec x)) \right] \quad. \end{equation} $z$ would have to be determined from the true non-local effective action in such a way that $S_z[\varphi]$ approximates that action locally in some neighborhood of the critical bubble (but not globally in field space, which is not possible). Therefore, $z$ is not directly related to the wave-function renormalization $Z_H(\varphi)$ (eq.~(\ref{Zeff})) but also summarizes the effect of all the higher derivative operators. Unfortunately, a fit of $z$ is technically involved and presently not feasible. One should insert trial functions extremizing eq.~(\ref{Sz}) into the higher order heat kernel expansion containing the $12 \times 12$ matrix potential. In the resulting terms the $z$-dependence factorizes out, and the total expression should be extremized with respect to $z$. One could also try to find some average $z_{\rm av}$ arguing that the small $\varphi$-range is not important in the integrated action at least for small $\tilde{m}_H$. In view of the negative $Z(\varphi)$-range we are sceptical about this procedure. Nevertheless we will present a plot of such a $z_{\rm av}$ in section 3.2. Note that the breakdown of the derivative expansion does not automatically imply the breakdown of perturbation theory. To inspect the latter question we calculated (Appendix A) the $Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ prefactor of the gauge-kinetic term in one-loop order. This term does not appear directly in the Higgs Lagrangian but $g_3(T)^2/Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ is the effective gauge coupling at the scale $\varphi$. Figure 4 demonstrates that it becomes big ($Z$ small or negative, respectively) already halfway in $\varphi$ between the broken and unbroken minimum even for small $\tilde{m}_H$ ($\tilde{m}_H=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W$). This means that the perturbative expansion breaks down in a rather big range of $\varphi$ starting from $\varphi=0$, and that we cannot trust the perturbative potential and action for these Higgs field values $\varphi$. This was already emphasized in ref.~\cite{Shapo}. It is not clear, however, at what effective scale the gauge coupling will appear in higher loop order. Nevertheless, one has to expect a rather strong dependence of the bubble solutions on this part of the action (different from sphaleron configurations based on the broken phase \cite{HeKriSch}), Also the potential in the ansatz eq.~(\ref{Sz}) might get nonperturbative contributions. They are not considered in this paper. \section{The Phase Transition} \setcounter{equation}{0} \subsection{Nucleation rate} According to the effective action calculated above the electroweak phase transition is of first-order. It is triggered by bubble nucleation. Just before the transition starts the system is in thermal equilibrium in the metastable symmetric phase. The onset of a first-order phase transition was investigated by Langer \cite{Langer} and successive work \cite{Affleck, Linde} in some detail. The bubble nucleation at the electroweak phase transition has been investigated e.g.~in the references \cite{EnIgKaRu} and \cite{LiuMcLTu}. It is assumed that the total system is dividable into interval and system of interest \cite{Laser}. The influence of the heat bath on the rest is first to induce thermal fluctuations and second to change the free energy of the system of interest. Both influences are only taken into account on average. We divide the total system, which consists of all fields of the standard model, into the $\omega_0$-frequency of the real scalar field $\varphi=\sqrt{2\Phi^\dagger\Phi}$ and the rest. The free energy is given by $\beta F[\varphi(\vec x)]=S[\varphi(\vec x)]$ where $S[\varphi(\vec x)]$ is the effective action. Langer solved the equations of motion in a neighborhood of the saddlepoint, which corresponds to the critical bubble, and got a quasi-stationary solution describing a density flow from the metastable to the stable region. The transition rate $\Gamma$ is the integral of density flow and evaluates to \begin{equation}\label{rate} \Gamma = \frac{\kappa}{2\pi}V\left(\frac{\bar{S}}{2\pi}\right)^{3/2}\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \|\lambda_-\|}}\left[\frac{\det''K}{\det K_0}\right]^{-1/2}\exp\{-\bar{S}\} \end{equation} where \begin{itemize} \item $\kappa$ is the dynamical prefactor. It takes into account the dynamical characteristics of the heat bath. We will	redpajama	[ 370, 59, 2911, 3701, 313, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 59, 11801, 2311, 481, 187, 31968, 272, 776, 1543, 342, 1110, 2797, 275, 42005, 11206, 209, 187, 9, 2887, 299, 15, 72, 15, 18078, 41766, 92, 11478, 9263, 48179, 1328, 2311, 253, 7680, 432, 253, 6804, 209, 187, 5, 56, 2911, 1202, 4635, 5, 17417, 755, 247, 2803, 669, 1124, 92, 19, 1217, 20, 724, 1223, 187, 783, 2020, 273, 253, 370, 56, 5, 285, 253, 14972, 17417, 534, 556, 281, 320, 2668, 347, 581, 629, 209, 187, 18145, 247, 2803, 884, 15, 380, 669, 4635, 2911, 14075, 7680, 310, 253, 1072, 15, 187, 187, 688, 4677, 495, 359, 452, 17944, 253, 370, 59, 64, 41, 2911, 3701, 387, 253, 4619, 3276, 209, 187, 249, 686, 85, 95, 41, 3288, 649, 14, 7510, 44166, 347, 973, 347, 275, 42005, 11206, 15, 380, 1543, 403, 9106, 209, 187, 19623, 15, 5838, 326, 436, 2266, 11206, 14, 11097, 272, 10096, 476, 417, 320, 29025, 407, 209, 187, 36445, 2844, 247, 5212, 2280, 273, 667, 5272, 1979, 15, 496, 253, 5968, 273, 50276, 709, 15, 18078, 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6324, 275, 246, 8, 95, 41, 3288, 649, 14, 7510, 44166, 11206, 15, 831, 2789, 352, 7479, 281, 209, 187, 2327, 253, 3576, 2250, 4795, 432, 253, 4309, 7466, 323, 247, 2007, 209, 187, 21272, 273, 253, 669, 1464, 5, 15113, 15, 2490, 187, 1909, 271, 5795, 281, 253, 4309, 7466, 13, 581, 778, 1347, 247, 4250, 10295, 209, 187, 4347, 6232, 15, 831, 310, 671, 247, 1980, 7466, 13, 533, 3185, 273, 49947, 9021, 209, 187, 1171, 247, 1677, 1180, 273, 13335, 281, 512, 7367, 13, 2426, 342, 1027, 1180, 273, 209, 187, 46229, 3993, 403, 24181, 5678, 1340, 407, 1340, 15, 496, 436, 1039, 13, 625, 285, 209, 187, 3062, 1327, 14, 9450, 1319, 310, 6107, 15, 1707, 310, 642, 4755, 4311, 285, 3103, 187, 783, 8062, 273, 253, 13123, 3408, 310, 48086, 407, 20542, 3237, 15, 209, 187, 6436, 13, 752, 359, 1663, 971, 281, 871, 310, 247, 3064, 273, 253, 19251, 209, 187, 13116, 2250, 281, 253, 3576, 2250, 273, 253, 13123, 3408, 15, 187, 510, 19251, 2900, 3400, 3081, 11498, 534, 778, 5752, 347, 187, 43030, 2624, 14, 2727, 15, 1284, 5393, 1840, 313, 4674, 374, 15, 19, 10, 436, 4311, 310, 873, 209, 187, 1615, 253, 13737, 19251, 3402, 9544, 285, 7819, 562, 281, 320, 2581, 1355, 15, 187, 17756, 13, 253, 4250, 10295, 7466, 778, 29623, 12054, 973, 187, 12563, 275, 253, 3361, 273, 46718, 10006, 15, 831, 588, 417, 320, 9919, 187, 249, 436, 2929, 15, 2490, 187, 688, 1340, 281, 1379, 1327, 14, 6790, 2538, 715, 187, 15793, 275, 690, 16851, 1039, 13, 359, 3091, 9569, 690, 669, 4535, 5, 3907, 187, 15007, 14, 3701, 39358, 323, 253, 17818, 1307, 273, 253, 22361, 1673, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 46840, 94, 187, 52, 64, 91, 5709, 4535, 1035, 4642, 1269, 9102, 2029, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 889, 565, 277, 63, 20, 89, 393, 1274, 60, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 19, 94, 209, 187, 91, 1035, 3214, 64, 74, 61, 4535, 4800, 19, 12, 55, 1126, 1109, 3098, 3713, 4535, 1035, 4642, 1269, 1228, 393, 918, 62, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 5, 91, 5, 651, 452, 281, 320, 3413, 432, 253, 2032, 1327, 14, 6790, 3576, 209, 187, 1913, 275, 824, 247, 1039, 326, 370, 52, 64, 91, 5709, 4535, 8795, 187, 6772, 3266, 684, 326, 2250, 12171, 275, 690, 9168, 273, 253, 4619, 187, 67, 35308, 313, 2858, 417, 21349, 275, 1673, 2317, 13, 534, 310, 417, 1896, 481, 209, 187, 17756, 13, 370, 91, 5, 310, 417, 187, 18711, 314, 2905, 281, 253, 5149, 14, 3701, 39358, 370, 59, 64, 41, 1035, 4535, 1009, 187, 9, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 59, 11801, 26025, 533, 671, 37250, 253, 1055, 273, 512, 253, 2169, 4309, 209, 187, 2211, 2392, 15, 12526, 13, 247, 4944, 273, 370, 91, 5, 310, 22335, 3206, 285, 21654, 417, 17887, 15, 187, 4041, 943, 5669, 2332, 3470, 5320, 3006, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 46840, 2311, 715, 253, 2169, 1340, 187, 22348, 10295, 7466, 4508, 253, 370, 805, 393, 3181, 1249, 5, 4315, 2442, 15, 496, 253, 4795, 2426, 253, 370, 91, 2911, 39606, 2803, 4219, 562, 13, 285, 253, 2264, 2048, 943, 320, 5320, 1025, 342, 1675, 281, 370, 91, 1352, 2490, 187, 4041, 812, 671, 1611, 281, 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253, 7154, 3408, 393, 41766, 92, 1328, 44, 363, 10859, 22286, 187, 9917, 253, 2442, 275, 253, 7897, 16859, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 46840, 2311, 1537, 755, 209, 187, 4160, 44931, 800, 9021, 15, 1583, 403, 417, 2783, 275, 436, 2929, 15, 209, 2756, 187, 61, 4674, 92, 510, 19368, 48332, 94, 187, 61, 1178, 20285, 92, 29813, 1217, 17, 94, 187, 187, 61, 2377, 4674, 92, 47, 2627, 318, 2281, 94, 187, 187, 7130, 281, 253, 3576, 2250, 5118, 1840, 253, 4640, 20881, 3408, 187, 25974, 310, 273, 806, 14, 2621, 15, 733, 310, 17142, 407, 19251, 48671, 15, 3771, 187, 9131, 253, 5502, 7866, 253, 985, 310, 275, 8609, 12902, 275, 253, 209, 187, 3899, 505, 494, 13123, 3408, 15, 2490, 187, 510, 11653, 273, 247, 806, 14, 2621, 3408, 5502, 369, 6949, 407, 418, 3751, 209, 187, 61, 41766, 92, 45, 3751, 94, 285, 20946, 789, 393, 41766, 92, 26216, 282, 777, 13, 12529, 70, 94, 187, 249, 690, 2508, 15, 380, 19251, 48671, 387, 253, 4640, 20881, 3408, 5502, 209, 187, 7110, 644, 6949, 299, 15, 72, 15, 95, 249, 253, 10414, 393, 41766, 92, 3546, 25217, 29456, 33468, 94, 285, 209, 187, 61, 41766, 92, 41392, 11773, 20072, 86, 7165, 187, 1147, 310, 8025, 326, 253, 2264, 985, 310, 15399, 494, 715, 7726, 187, 395, 985, 273, 1600, 393, 41766, 92, 45, 12290, 7165, 380, 4833, 273, 253, 4250, 8158, 327, 253, 209, 187, 1120, 310, 806, 281, 10808, 8609, 15113, 285, 1273, 281, 1818, 253, 1959, 209, 187, 14115, 273, 253, 985, 273, 1600, 15, 6295, 16178, 403, 760, 2668, 715, 2395, 209, 187, 251, 3388, 15, 844, 10957, 253, 2264, 985, 13, 534, 8414, 273, 512, 4910, 273, 253, 209, 187, 15291, 1566, 13, 715, 253, 669, 3151, 64, 17, 2911, 18163, 187, 1171, 253, 1524, 13434, 1673, 669, 4535, 2029, 2609, 92, 19, 61, 6065, 2850, 11560, 61, 6065, 724, 187, 395, 253, 1551, 15, 380, 1959, 2341, 310, 1677, 407, 209, 187, 1202, 2461, 401, 5709, 4535, 1035, 4642, 1269, 9102, 30, 52, 5709, 4535, 1035, 4642, 1269, 10, 8795, 835, 370, 52, 5709, 4535, 1035, 4642, 1269, 10, 8795, 187, 261, 253, 3576, 2250, 15, 2490, 187, 45, 3751, 14042, 253, 7424, 273, 3200, 275, 247, 209, 187, 570, 39895, 273, 253, 26759, 3659, 13, 534, 10140, 281, 253, 4619, 19251, 13, 285, 209, 187, 19559, 247, 15539, 14, 20502, 552, 2900, 12930, 247, 4038, 2685, 432, 253, 8866, 494, 209, 187, 936, 253, 6474, 2919, 15, 380, 5502, 2281, 669, 4220, 5, 310, 253, 9909, 273, 4038, 187, 5449, 285, 44995, 281, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 4427, 94, 187, 61, 4220, 426, 209, 187, 61, 1124, 464, 6165, 1217, 19, 61, 2059, 94, 55, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 464, 2009, 92, 52, 5932, 19, 61, 2059, 889, 918, 7415, 20, 16, 19, 889, 1124, 92, 18, 2704, 2609, 92, 187, 3577, 2260, 18914, 93, 3080, 1274, 5709, 1124, 464, 5992, 6267, 44, 2704, 5992, 611, 64, 17, 889, 918, 62, 2497, 18, 16, 19, 889, 4347, 6921, 2249, 2009, 92, 52, 889, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 2811, 187, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 4835, 907, 94, 187, 61, 4835, 669, 6165, 5, 310, 253, 18525, 638, 19012, 15, 733, 3936, 715, 2395, 253, 18525, 187, 17932, 3397, 273, 253, 4250, 8158, 15, 844, 588 ]
not calculate it in this paper but refer to the literature \cite{CsKa}. \item $V$ is the spatial volume. \item \begin{equation}\label{Kdef} K=g_3(T)^2\frac{\delta^2S}{\delta\varphi^2}\Bigr\vert_{\bar\varphi(\vec x)} \qquad \qquad K_0=g_3(T)^2\frac{\delta^2S}{\delta\varphi^2}\Bigr\vert_{\varphi s} \end{equation} $\bar\varphi(\vec x)$ is the critical bubble and $\varphi_s$ represents the symmetric phase. $\det''K$ denotes the determinant of $K$, without the negative and the three zero eigenvalues. The negative eigenvalue corresponds to the growing and shrinking of the critical bubble. The zero-modes are due to translational invariance. The factors $g_3(T)^2$ result from a rescaling which makes formulas more convenient. \item $\lambda_-$ is the negative eigenvalue of $K$. \item $\bar{S}=S[\bar\varphi(\vec x)]-S[\varphi_s]$ is the effective action of the critical bubble. \end{itemize} $\bar{S},\lambda_-$ and the static prefactor \begin{equation}\label{prefac} A=\left[\frac{\det'' K}{\det K_0}\right]^{-1/2} \end{equation} are functionals of the critical bubble $\bar\varphi(\vec x)$. The latter depends only on the temperature. The determinants now refer to the Higgs field fluctuations only. One aim of our work is to calculate the rate \begin{equation}\label{R} R=\frac{\Gamma}{V\kappa}=\frac{1}{2\pi}\left(\frac{\bar{S}}{2\pi}\right)^{3/2} \frac{1}{\sqrt{\|\lambda_-\|}} \, A \, \exp\{-\bar{S}\} \end{equation} as a function of the temperature. We will describe our calculation for the zero-temperature Higgs mass $\tilde{m}_H=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W$ in some detail and report the results for other values of $\tilde{m}_H$ at the end. \subsection{The critical bubble} The critical bubble $\varphi(\vec{x})$ is a saddlepoint of the effective action $S[\varphi]$ and therefore a solution of \begin{equation}\label{ersteVar} \frac{\delta S}{\delta\varphi}\Bigr\vert_{\bar\varphi(\vec x)}=0 \end{equation} with the boundary conditions \begin{equation}\label{3.6} \lim_{\vec{x}\to\infty}\bar\varphi(\vec x)=\varphi_S \qquad \bar\varphi(0)>\varphi_S \quad. \end{equation} Taking the effective action $S_z[\varphi]$ the saddlepoint equation reads \begin{equation}\label{dgl} z\partial^2\bar\varphi_z(\vec x)-V_{\rm eff}'(\bar\varphi_z(\vec x))=0 \quad. \end{equation} By rescaling $\vec x\to\vec x/\sqrt z$ this equation reduces to the one with $z=1$. The solution for arbitrary but constant $z>0$ is therefore \begin{equation}\label{phiz} \bar\varphi_z(\vec x)=\bar\varphi\left(\frac{\vec x}{\sqrt z}\right)\qquad {\rm with}\qquad \bar\varphi=\bar\varphi_{z=1} \quad. \end{equation} To cover the whole temperature range from the new roll-over temperature $T_{\rm ro}$ to the critical temperature $T_c$ we introduce a temperature-like variable y instead of $\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v(T)^2}$ via \begin{eqnarray}\label{ydef} &&\left(\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v(T)^2}\right)_y = \frac{v_0(T_c)^2}{v(T_c)^2} + y \left(\frac{v_0(T_{\rm ro})^2}{v(T_{\rm ro})^2} - \frac{v_0(T_c)^2}{v(T_c)^2} \right) \nonumber\\[1.2ex] &&y = 0.1, 0.2, \ldots, 0.9 \quad. \end{eqnarray} This way of dividing the interesting temperature interval turned out to be much more appropriate than dividing it into equal $\Delta T$ intervals. For a given value of $y$ the temperature $T$ and the effective action (eq.~(\ref{Sz})) are determined; the temperatures are given in table 1. We have calculated the critical bubbles from eq.~(\ref{dgl}) with $z=1$ for these nine $y$'s; they are spherical symmetric and plotted in figure 5. The effective action of the critical bubble with arbitrary $z>0$ is, using eq.~(\ref{phiz}) \begin{eqnarray} {\rm S_z}[\bar\varphi_z]&=&\frac{1}{g_3(T)^2}\int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{2} z \,(\partial_i\bar\varphi_z(\vec x))^2 + V_{\rm eff}(\bar\varphi_z(\vec x)) \right] \nonumber\\ &=&z^{3/2}\quad S_1[\bar\varphi(\vec x)]\label{Sscaling} \end{eqnarray} with \begin{equation}\label{S1} S_1[\bar\varphi(\vec x)]=\frac{1}{g_3(T)^2}\int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{2} (\partial_i\bar\varphi(\vec x))^2 + V_{\rm eff}(\bar\varphi(\vec x))\right] \quad. \end{equation} This simple scaling behavior clarifies the roll of the corrections to the surface term and allows to proceed without knowing the value of $z$ precisely. Assuming that $V_{\rm eff}$ is renormalized by $V_{\rm eff}(0) =0$ we identify $\bar{S}$ with $S_1[\bar\varphi]$. It is given in table 1 and plotted in figure 9 where single points are connected by a spline (full line). With a known critical bubble configuration one can evaluate \begin{equation} z_{\rm av} = \frac{\int d^3x Z(\bar{\varphi}_z) (\partial \bar{\varphi}_z)^2} {\int d^3x (\partial \bar{\varphi}_z)^2} = \frac{\int d^3x Z(\bar{\varphi}) (\partial \bar{\varphi})^2} {\int d^3x (\partial \bar{\varphi})^2} \end{equation} in order to get an average $z_{\rm av}$. In figure 6 we have plotted it for $\tilde{m}_H = \frac{1}{2} \tilde{m}_W$ versus $y$. However, in our opinion the range near $\varphi = 0$ is not taken into account properly in this way, because $Z(\varphi)$ is unphysical, as argued in section 2.5. \subsection{Eigenvalues of $K$ and $K_0$} Using the effective action $S_z[\varphi]$ (eq.~(\ref{Sz})) the operators $K$ and $K_0$ defined in eq.~(\ref{Kdef}) are \begin{eqnarray} K &=& - z\partial^2 + U \qquad \qquad U = V_{\rm eff}''(\bar{\varphi}_z(r)) \label{K} \\ K_0 &=& - z\partial^2 + U_0 \qquad \quad U_0 = V_{\rm eff}''(\varphi_S) = m_H(T)^2 \quad. \label{K0} \end{eqnarray} $U_0$ is the squared effective mass of the Higgs field in the symmetric phase and the natural mass-scale of the remaining effective action. Note that there is a change in notation. $U$ and $U_0$ are in this chapter no matrices as in eq.~(\ref{U0}) but real-valued functions of $\varphi$. The Higgs mass in eq.~(\ref{mH}) corresponds to the high-temperature action (eq.~(\ref{Sht})). It is $\varphi$ and, via $\frac{v_0}{v}$,	redpajama	[ 417, 10173, 352, 275, 436, 2929, 533, 3730, 281, 253, 209, 187, 22478, 1177, 393, 41766, 92, 6072, 29456, 7165, 187, 61, 4835, 370, 55, 5, 310, 253, 8820, 4644, 15, 187, 61, 4835, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 44, 1545, 94, 187, 44, 30, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 61, 1124, 464, 3005, 63, 19, 52, 2704, 3005, 61, 4535, 63, 19, 889, 29914, 61, 1748, 1126, 2009, 61, 4535, 1035, 4642, 1269, 3117, 187, 61, 9315, 393, 9315, 209, 187, 44, 64, 17, 30, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 61, 1124, 464, 3005, 63, 19, 52, 2704, 3005, 61, 4535, 63, 19, 889, 29914, 61, 1748, 1126, 4535, 256, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 1202, 2009, 61, 4535, 1035, 4642, 1269, 1009, 310, 253, 4619, 19251, 285, 669, 4535, 64, 84, 5, 6125, 253, 187, 39617, 3408, 15, 669, 5992, 6267, 44, 5, 12853, 253, 27152, 273, 370, 44, 1366, 1293, 253, 209, 187, 12373, 285, 253, 1264, 5058, 20223, 15, 380, 4016, 25023, 10140, 187, 936, 253, 5675, 285, 39443, 273, 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temperature-dependent. $m_H(T)$ defined in eq.~(\ref{K0}) corresponds the effective action of eq.~(\ref{Sz}). It is the effective Higgs mass in the symmetric phase (i.e.~at $\varphi_S$) and hence only temperature dependent. In principle it is possible to define a $\varphi$-dependent effective Higgs mass via $m_H(T,\varphi)^2 = V_{\rm eff}''(\varphi)$, but this squared mass is negative for some $\varphi$-values. We do not need it. The negative eigenvalue of $K$ is determined by the eigenvalue equation \begin{equation}\label{nEuGl} K \,n(\vec x)=(-z\partial^2+V''(\bar\varphi_z(\vec x)) \,n(\vec x) = \lambda_- \,n(\vec x) \quad. \end{equation} By rescaling $\vec x\to \sqrt z\vec x$ and using eq.~(\ref{phiz}) one sees that $\lambda_-$ is independent of $z$. Similarly all other eigenvalues of $K$ and $K_0$ are $z$-independent. We calculated $\lambda_-$ numerically by solving the Schr\"odinger equation (\ref{nEuGl}) with the boundary condition \begin{equation}\label{3.14} \lim_{r\to\infty} n(r)=0 \quad. \end{equation} The static prefactor $A$ (eq.~(\ref{prefac})) is a product of eigenvalues of $K$ and $K_0$ and therefore independent of $z$. We evaluate it for $z=1$. \subsection{Heat-kernel method and calculation of the static prefactor} Starting from \begin{equation}\label{Schwinger} \ln\left(\frac{\det K}{\det K_0}\right) = -{\rm Tr}\int^\infty_0\frac{dt}{t}e^{-at}\left( e^{-t(K-a)}-e^{-t(K_0-a)}\right) \end{equation} it is possible to expand the logarithm in power of $t$ \cite{Carson}. A very elegant method to do this is provided by a new calculation scheme \cite{FliSchmSchu}. One gets \begin{eqnarray}\label{det2} \ln\left(\frac{\det K}{\det K_0}\right)&=&-\sum^\infty_{n=1}\frac{1}{n!} \int^\infty_0\frac{dt}{t}(4\pi t)^{-3/2}e^{-at}t^n(O_n(a)-O^{(0)}_n(a)) \nonumber\\ &=&-\sum^\infty_{n=1}\frac{\Gamma(n-3/2)}{n!}(4\pi)^{-3/2}a^{3/2-n}(O_n(a)- O_n^{(0)}(a)) \quad. \end{eqnarray} The $O_n(a)$'s and $O^{(0)}_n(a)$'s are rather complicated functionals of $\bar\varphi(\vec x)$ which are given in Appendix C. They depend on the mass scale $a$ pulled out in eq.~(\ref{Schwinger}). In doing the $t$-integration for $n=1$ we have dimensionally regularized the UV-divergence which may be traced back to the reduction in dimension \cite{CaMcL}. Note that pulling out the squared mass $a$ in eq.~(\ref{Schwinger}) regularizes the IR-divergencies and makes the $t$-integral finite at the upper bound. This is an advantage over the method proposed in ref.~\cite{DPY}. However eq.~(\ref{Schwinger}) is only valid for positive definite $K$ and $K_0$. In our case, $K$ has one negative and three zero-eigenvalues. Exactly these eigenvalues are left out of the static prefactor (eq.~(\ref{prefac})) of the nucleation rate anyway. On the other hand, we have to drop four eigenvalues of $K_0$ as well, if we want to use eq.~(\ref{Schwinger}), because this equation makes use of the fact that the numbers of eigenvalues of $K$ and $K_0$ are equal. Taking out four times the eigenvalue $U_0$ from $\det K_0$ one gets \begin{eqnarray} && \hspace{-0.6cm} \ln\left( U_0^4 \, \frac{\det{}'' K}{\det K_0} \right) = \ln\left( \frac{\det{}'' K}{\det{}'' K_0} \right) \nonumber \\[0.5ex] &=& \int_0^\infty \frac{dt}{t} \left[ - \left( {\rm Tr}\left\{e^{-t K} \right\} - e^{-t \lambda_-} - 3 \right) + \left( {\rm Tr}\left\{ e^{-t K_0} \right\} - 4 e^{-t U_0} \right) \right] \nonumber \\[0.5ex] &=& \int_0^\infty \frac{dt}{t} e^{-at}\left[ - {\rm Tr}\left\{ e^{-t(K-a)} - e^{-t(K_0-a)} \right\} + \right. \nonumber \\ && \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \left. + \left( e^{-t(\lambda_- -a)} - e^{-t(U_0 -a)} \right) + 3\left( e^{at} - e^{-t(U_0 -a)} \right) \right] \nonumber \\[0.5ex] &=& \int_0^\infty \frac{dt}{t} e^{-at}\left[ - \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} (4\pi)^{-3/2} t^{n-3/2} \left( O_n(a) - O_n^{(0)}(a) \right)+ \right. \label{drop0-}\\ && \quad \qquad + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} t^n \left( (a-\lambda_-)^n - (a-U_0)^n \right) \left. + \, 3 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} t^n \left( a^n - (a-U_0)^n \right) \right] \quad. \nonumber \end{eqnarray} From the sum over the $O$'s only the first few terms are calculable. Therefore we have to truncate the other two sums as well. From similar calculations with other models we found that the truncation is best done at the `same' powers of $t$ rather than at the same number $N$ of terms (see also \cite{Schechter, Fliegner}). This cannot be done straightforwardly however, because the $O$-sum runs over half-integer power of $t$ while the other sums run over full-integer powers. We solved the problem by defining the two functions \begin{eqnarray} X(N,a) &=& \int^\infty_0 \frac{dt}{t} e^{-at} \left[-\sum_{n=1}^N \frac{1}{n!} (4 \pi)^{-3/2} t^{n-3/2} \left( O_n(a) - O_n^{(0)}(a) \right)\right] \nonumber \\ &=& - \sum_{n=1}^N \frac{\Gamma (n-3/2)}{n!} (4\pi)^{-3/2}a^{3/2-n} \left( O_n(a) - O_n^{(0)}(a) \right) \label{X} \end{eqnarray} and \begin{eqnarray} Y(N',a) &=& \int_0^\infty \frac{dt}{t} e^{-at} \sum_{n=1}^{N'} \frac{1}{n!} t^n \left((a-\lambda_-)^n + 3a^n - 4(a-U_0)^n \right) \nonumber \\ &=& \sum_{n=1}^{N'} \frac{1}{n} \left[ \left(\frac{a-\lambda_-}{a} \right) ^n + 3 -4\left(\frac{a-U_0}{a} \right) ^n \right] \quad. \label{Y} \end{eqnarray} While we have been able to	redpajama	[ 26158, 14, 6820, 15, 370, 78, 64, 41, 9, 53, 1009, 2931, 275, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 44, 17, 2311, 10140, 253, 209, 187, 13116, 2250, 273, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 46840, 38331, 733, 187, 261, 253, 3576, 22361, 2280, 275, 253, 13123, 3408, 313, 74, 15, 70, 15, 95, 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3907, 187, 1171, 370, 91, 1352, 10244, 512, 643, 20223, 273, 370, 44, 5, 285, 370, 44, 64, 17, 5, 403, 370, 91, 2911, 17777, 15, 187, 1231, 5118, 669, 2260, 64, 14595, 27184, 407, 16161, 253, 32164, 10632, 4442, 254, 5150, 187, 1035, 709, 92, 79, 35332, 9030, 2311, 342, 253, 7548, 1617, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 20, 15, 1047, 94, 187, 61, 2815, 578, 83, 61, 936, 61, 3259, 94, 295, 9, 83, 4010, 17, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 187, 510, 4228, 638, 19012, 370, 34, 5, 313, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 11499, 317, 26025, 310, 247, 1885, 273, 20223, 187, 1171, 370, 44, 5, 285, 370, 44, 64, 17, 5, 285, 3103, 3907, 273, 370, 91, 1352, 844, 7472, 352, 323, 187, 5, 91, 30, 18, 1352, 187, 187, 61, 2377, 4674, 92, 40866, 14, 22562, 1332, 285, 10272, 273, 253, 4228, 638, 19012, 94, 187, 187, 33768, 432, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 10859, 88, 4940, 94, 187, 61, 6677, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 464, 5992, 611, 2704, 5992, 611, 64, 17, 889, 918, 10, 426, 187, 22001, 1109, 1535, 889, 565, 2850, 3259, 64, 17, 61, 1124, 92, 7064, 1217, 85, 94, 70, 2497, 255, 889, 1274, 9, 187, 70, 2497, 85, 9, 44, 14, 66, 3117, 14, 70, 2497, 85, 9, 44, 64, 17, 14, 66, 7398, 918, 10, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 262, 310, 1896, 281, 5645, 253, 42407, 275, 1612, 273, 370, 85, 5, 393, 41766, 92, 36, 20100, 7165, 209, 187, 34, 1077, 20654, 1332, 281, 513, 436, 310, 2530, 407, 247, 747, 10272, 6974, 187, 61, 41766, 92, 39, 965, 10859, 78, 10859, 86, 7165, 2596, 4850, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 889, 1968, 92, 5992, 19, 94, 187, 61, 6677, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 464, 5992, 611, 2704, 5992, 611, 64, 17, 889, 918, 10, 15638, 2249, 2204, 2850, 3259, 578, 79, 30, 18, 889, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 79, 43422, 187, 61, 565, 2850, 3259, 64, 17, 61, 1124, 92, 7064, 1217, 85, 1603, 21, 61, 2059, 246, 14607, 20, 16, 19, 94, 70, 2497, 255, 94, 85, 63, 79, 9, 48, 64, 79, 9, 66, 4587, 48, 4932, 17, 24661, 79, 9, 66, 1228, 187, 61, 6274, 3353, 187, 15638, 2249, 2204, 2850, 3259, 578, 79, 30, 18, 889, 1124, 464, 4220, 9, 79, 14, 20, 16, 19, 9783, 79, 2, 1603, 21, 61, 2059, 14607, 20, 16, 19, 94, 66, 768, 20, 16, 19, 14, 79, 1603, 48, 64, 79, 9, 66, 4587, 187, 48, 64, 79, 4932, 17, 14411, 66, 1228, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 510, 370, 48, 64, 79, 9, 66, 1009, 8, 84, 285, 370, 48, 4932, 17, 24661, 79, 9, 66, 1009, 8, 84, 403, 2581, 9542, 1159, 932, 273, 209, 187, 1202, 2009, 61, 4535, 1035, 4642, 1269, 1009, 534, 403, 1677, 275, 17138, 330, 15, 1583, 187, 14455, 327, 253, 2280, 4311, 370, 66, 5, 7320, 562, 275, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 10859, 88, 4940, 38331, 496, 2509, 253, 187, 5, 85, 2911, 32375, 323, 370, 79, 30, 18, 5, 359, 452, 7877, 595, 3963, 1025, 253, 12160, 14, 69, 2373, 9515, 187, 4609, 778, 320, 26098, 896, 281, 253, 5141, 275, 7877, 393, 41766, 92, 13614, 11773, 45, 7165, 209, 187, 8497, 326, 14252, 562, 253, 30044, 2280, 370, 66, 5, 275, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 10859, 88, 4940, 2311, 209, 187, 12846, 4219, 253, 9812, 14, 69, 2373, 1541, 11818, 285, 2789, 253, 370, 85, 2911, 49112, 6486, 387, 187, 783, 5170, 3033, 15, 831, 310, 271, 5750, 689, 253, 1332, 4081, 275, 209, 187, 709, 15, 18078, 41766, 92, 9308, 58, 7165, 187, 187, 6436, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 10859, 88, 4940, 2311, 310, 760, 3588, 323, 2762, 19040, 370, 44, 5, 285, 370, 44, 64, 17, 1352, 187, 688, 776, 1083, 13, 370, 44, 5, 556, 581, 4016, 285, 1264, 5058, 14, 70, 3855, 8858, 15, 1889, 24374, 841, 187, 70, 3855, 8858, 403, 1669, 562, 273, 253, 4228, 638, 19012, 313, 2574, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 11499, 317, 26025, 273, 253, 187, 29371, 318, 2281, 8791, 15, 1623, 253, 643, 1133, 13, 359, 452, 281, 5926, 1740, 20223, 187, 1171, 370, 44, 64, 17, 5, 347, 973, 13, 604, 359, 971, 281, 897, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 10859, 88, 4940, 22286, 984, 436, 5150, 187, 46535, 897, 273, 253, 958, 326, 253, 3904, 273, 20223, 273, 370, 44, 5, 285, 370, 44, 64, 17, 5, 403, 209, 187, 11969, 15, 187, 187, 33748, 562, 1740, 2069, 253, 25023, 370, 54, 64, 17, 5, 432, 669, 5992, 611, 64, 17, 5, 581, 4850, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 10494, 393, 12887, 10241, 17, 15, 23, 3591, 94, 393, 6677, 61, 1274, 9, 530, 64, 17, 63, 21, 5095, 393, 1124, 464, 5992, 15564, 6267, 611, 2704, 5992, 611, 64, 17, 94, 393, 918, 10, 426, 209, 187, 61, 6677, 61, 1274, 9, 393, 1124, 464, 5992, 15564, 6267, 611, 2704, 5992, 15564, 6267, 611, 64, 17, 94, 393, 918, 10, 393, 6274, 49550, 17, 15, 22, 911, 62, 187, 15638, 393, 565, 64, 17, 2850, 3259, 393, 1124, 92, 7064, 1217, 85, 94, 393, 1274, 60, 428, 393, 1274, 9, 1926, 1109, 1535, 889, 1274, 6921, 70, 2497, 85, 611, 94, 393, 918, 12499, 187, 50274, 14, 299, 2497, 85, 393, 2260, 18914, 94, 428, 495, 393, 918, 10, 559, 2490, 50272, 61, 1274, 9, 1926, 1109, 1535, 889, 1274, 6921, 299, 2497, 85, 611, 64, 17, 94, 393, 918, 12499, 187, 50273, 14, 577, 299, 2497, 85, 530, 64, 17, 94, 393, 918, 10, 393, 918, 62, 393, 6274, 49550, 17, 15, 22, 911, 62, 187, 15638, 393, 565, 64, 17, 2850, 3259, 393, 1124, 92, 7064, 1217, 85, 94, 299, 2497, 255, 889, 1274, 60, 2490, 50276, 14, 1926, 1109, 1535, 889, 1274, 6921, 299, 2497, 85, 9, 44, 14, 66, 3117, 428, 299, 2497, 85, 9, 44, 64, 17, 14, 66, 3117, 393, 918, 12499, 559, 393, 918, 15, 393, 6274, 3202, 2490, 50276, 10494, 393, 9315, 393, 9315, 393, 9315, 50276, 61, 9315, 187, 50273, 61, 1274, 15, 559, 393, 1274, 9, 299, 2497, 85, 1035, 2260, 18914, 428, 66, 3117, 428, 299, 2497, 85, 9, 54, 64, 17, 428, 66, 3117, 393, 918, 10, 559, 187, 50273, 20, 61, 1274, 9, 299, 768, 255, 94, 428, 299, 2497, 85, 9, 54, 64, 17, 428, 66, 3117, 393, 918, 10, 393, 918, 62, 393, 6274, 49550, 17, 15, 22, 911, 62, 187, 15638, 393, 565, 64, 17, 2850, 3259, 393, 1124, 92, 7064, 1217, 85, 94, 299, 2497, 255, 889, 1274, 60, 2490, 50274, 14, 393, 2204, 578, 79, 30, 18, 9616, 3259, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 79, 43422, 313, 21, 61, 2059, 14607, 20, 16, 19, 94, 246, 768, 79, 14, 20, 16, 19, 94, 187, 50271, 61, 1274, 9, 473, 64, 79, 9, 66, 10, 428, 473, 64, 79, 4932, 17, 14411, 66, 10, 393, 918, 8744, 393, 918, 15, 393, 1968, 92, 12233, 17, 14, 11054, 2490, 50276, 10494, 393, 3362, 50276, 61, 9315, 187, 50274, 12, 393, 2204, 578, 79, 30, 18, 9616, 3259, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 79, 43422, 246, 63, 79, 187, 50271, 61, 1274, 9, 313, 66, 2249, 2260, 18914, 4800, 79, 428, 313, 66, 14, 54, 64, 17, 4800, 79, 393, 918, 10, 393, 1274, 15, 187, 50274, 12, 5095, 495, 393, 2204, 578, 79, 30, 18, 9616, 3259, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 79, 43422, 246, 63, 79, 187, 50271, 61, 1274, 9, 247, 63, 79, 428, 313, 66, 14, 54, 64, 17, 4800, 79, 393, 918, 10, 393, 918, 62, 393, 3362, 15, 393, 6274, 50276, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 4509, 253, 2020, 689, 253, 370, 48, 5, 8, 84, 760, 253, 806, 1643, 2426, 403, 2661, 494, 15, 3813, 187, 664, 452, 281, 17701, 366, 253, 643, 767, 22661, 347, 973, 15, 4325, 2074, 10426, 342, 187, 977, 3210, 359, 1119, 50276, 3529, 253, 47024, 310, 1682, 2218, 387, 253, 209, 187, 65, 18941, 8, 9136, 273, 370, 85, 5, 2581, 685, 387, 253, 1072, 1180, 370, 47, 5, 273, 2426, 187, 9, 2887, 671, 393, 41766, 92, 12857, 45344, 13, 2884, 25362, 1216, 38331, 831, 2550, 320, 2218, 15246, 314, 187, 35529, 13, 984, 253, 370, 48, 2911, 2204, 6613, 689, 2716, 14, 18743, 209, 187, 9177, 273, 370, 85, 5, 1223, 253, 643, 22661, 1408, 689, 2120, 14, 18743, 9136, 15, 844, 14042, 253, 209, 187, 28872, 407, 13947, 253, 767, 3470, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 209, 187, 57, 9, 47, 13, 66, 10, 14082, 393, 565, 2850, 3259, 64, 17, 393, 1124, 92, 7064, 1217, 85, 94, 299, 2497, 255, 94, 393, 1274, 60, 2249, 2204, 578, 79, 30, 18, 2306, 47, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 79, 43422, 187, 9, 21, 393, 2059, 14607, 20, 16, 19, 94, 246, 768, 79, 14, 20, 16, 19, 94, 393, 1274, 9, 473, 64, 79, 9, 66, 10, 428, 473, 64, 79, 4932, 17, 14411, 66, 10, 393, 918, 1572, 918, 62, 209, 187, 61, 6274, 3202, 187, 15638, 428, 393, 2204, 578, 79, 30, 18, 2306, 47, 393, 1124, 464, 4220, 313, 79, 14, 20, 16, 19, 9783, 79, 43422, 313, 21, 61, 2059, 14607, 20, 16, 19, 94, 66, 768, 20, 16, 19, 14, 79, 94, 187, 61, 1274, 9, 473, 64, 79, 9, 66, 10, 428, 473, 64, 79, 4932, 17, 14411, 66, 10, 393, 918, 10, 393, 1968, 92, 57, 94, 209, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 395, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 209, 187, 58, 9, 47, 1383, 66, 10, 14082, 393, 565, 64, 17, 2850, 3259, 393, 1124, 92, 7064, 1217, 85, 94, 299, 2497, 255, 94, 393, 2204, 578, 79, 30, 18, 1990, 47, 13995, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 79, 43422, 187, 85, 63, 79, 393, 1274, 4464, 66, 2249, 2260, 18914, 4800, 79, 559, 495, 66, 63, 79, 428, 577, 9, 66, 14, 54, 64, 17, 4800, 79, 393, 918, 10, 393, 6274, 3202, 187, 15638, 393, 2204, 578, 79, 30, 18, 1990, 47, 13995, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 79, 94, 393, 1274, 60, 393, 1274, 1035, 1124, 92, 66, 2249, 2260, 18914, 1217, 66, 94, 393, 918, 10, 5042, 79, 187, 12, 495, 428, 21, 61, 1274, 1035, 1124, 92, 66, 14, 54, 64, 17, 1217, 66, 94, 393, 918, 10, 5042, 79, 393, 918, 62, 393, 3362, 15, 393, 1968, 92, 58, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 6175, 359, 452, 644, 2104, 281 ]
evaluate $X(N,a)$ for $N \in \{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$ \footnote{One could evaluate $X(7,a)$ as well \cite{FliSchmSchu}, but this does not appear necessary in view of the excellent convergence.}, $Y(N',a)$ could be calculated for every integer $N'$. We interpolated $Y(N',a)$ by a spline and defined the functions \begin{equation}\label{WNdef} W_N(a) = X(N,a) + Y(N-\frac{3}{2}, a) \quad. \end{equation} From the equations (\ref{prefac}, \ref{drop0-} -- \ref{WNdef}) \begin{equation} \label{LimWN} \lim_{N \rightarrow \infty} W_N(a) = \ln \left(U_0^4 \frac{\det''K}{\det K_0} \right) = - 2 \ln \left(\frac{A}{m_H(T)^4} \right) \end{equation} follows. While the $W_N(a)$'s are functions of $a$, the limit is not. This will give us a good criterion for the quality of convergence \cite{Laser}. For every critical bubble calculated above we have evaluated the functions $W_1(a)$, \ldots, $W_6(a)$. Figure 7 shows the typical behavior. If $a$ -- the squared mass pulled out -- is too small, there is no convergence at all. If $a$ is too big, the convergence is bad. But if $a$ is similar to the natural mass scale $U_0$, the functions converge quite well towards a constant, which is plotted as dashed line. There are several sources of error in the outlined procedure: numerical errors, ambiguities in interpolating $Y(N',a)$ and uncertainties in fixing the limit of the $W_N(a)$'s. We have estimated them to be less than 2\%. The values of $\ln(A/T^4)$ are listed in table 1 and plotted in figure 9 (dashed line). \subsection{The static prefactor and the effective action of the critical bubble} Up to now the static prefactor has usually been estimated from dimensional reasons as $T^4$ \cite{Linde}, or as $m_H(T)^4$ \cite{LiuMcLTu}. There are some other calculations of the prefactor, which take only into account the lowest eigenvalues of $K$ \cite{BuFoHeWa, CoKaMau}. The results of these calculations are somewhere between the two dimensional estimates. To compare our results with these values we have expressed $A$ in units of GeV. In figure 8 they are plotted together with these two estimates. One sees that the static prefactor calculated by us varies substantially from $y=0.1$ to $y=0.9$. On the side of the critical temperature $(y=0)$ it is much smaller than previous values. This results in a much smaller nucleation rate. In a recent paper \cite{BaKi} the fluctuation corrections to critical bubbles calculated from the usual model effective potential are discussed. The method is based on the solution of Schr\"odinger type eigenvalue equations and totally different from our procedure. Unfortunately the present results are hard to compare because in ref.~\cite{BaKi} the high-temperature limit is not taken and because the potential differs in detail. A comparison of the two methods in a common case would be very interesting. The logarithm of the rate $R/T^3$ defined in eq.~(\ref{R}) is \begin{equation} \ln \left( \frac{R}{T^3} \right) = \ln \left( \frac{1}{2\pi}\left(\frac{\bar{S}}{2\pi}\right)^{3/2} \frac{T}{\sqrt{\|\lambda_-\|}} \right) + \ln \left( \frac{A}{T^4} \right) - \bar{S} \quad. \end{equation} The different contributions are plotted in comparison in figure 9. One sees that the first one is small and nearly constant. The nucleation rate is determined by $-\bar{S}$ and $\ln(A/T^4)$. The comparison of these two values decides on the reliability of our results. $-\ln(A/T^4)$ is nothing but the one-loop correction to $\bar{S}$ coming from scalar loops. Therefore $\|\ln(A/T^4)\|\ll \bar{S}$ is required for consistency. Very close to the critical and the roll-over temperature it matters that the radiative corrections shift the values of $T_c$ and $T_{\rm ro}$. This effect should perhaps better be incorporated in the quasiclassical effective action. In our approach it causes an increase of the static prefactor near these temperatures. However, investigating the electroweak phase transition the interesting temperatures are well separated from $T_c$ and $T_{\rm ro}$, as we will see below. In Langer's theory the static prefactor $A$ takes the possibility into account that the phase transition may be started by a bubble which differs from the critical one. On the other hand the whole theory is based on a solution of the equations of motion in the neighborhood of the saddlepoint that corresponds to the critical bubble. From this reasoning one again gets that $\|\ln(A/T^4)\|\ll \bar{S}$ should be valid. This comparison is not unambiguous because $\bar{S}$ is dimensionless while $A$ is not. Expressing $A$ in $T$ seems to be appropriate because the temperature is the typical scale of the phase transition. Therefore the nucleation rate calculated by us is not reliable at temperatures near the roll-over temperature $y=1$. Taking estimates based on cosmological reasons however, the electroweak phase transition starts when $\ln(R/T^3)\approx 140$. \footnote{Here we have assumed that $\kappa={\cal O}(1)$.} The relative starting temperature is therefore $y_s=0.42$. At this temperature $\|\ln(A/T^4)\| \approx 0.3 \bar{S}$. This is an acceptable correction. However, with $z$ smaller than 1 we find according to eq.~(\ref{Sscaling}) an additional suppression of the leading term ($\bar{S}$), i.e. the the one-loop contribution becomes relatively more important, indicating a less convergent loop expansion. \subsection{Results for other Higgs masses} The numerical calculations presented have been done for the zero temperature Higgs masses $\tilde{m}_H=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W, \frac{3}{4}\tilde{m}_W$ and $\tilde{m}_W$. The results are listed in the tables 1, 2 and 3. The critical temperature $T_c$ and the roll-over temperature $T_{\rm ro}$ depend on the Higgs mass. One should compare values corresponding to different masses at the same relative temperature $y$ defined in eq.~(\ref{ydef}). The actions $\bar{S}$ of the critical bubbles depend strongly on the Higgs mass, while the Higgs mass dependence of the static prefactor is only small. Although the rates are quite different for the three masses the relative onset temperatures differ only moderately. This is due to the fact that the rates decrease rapidly when the temperature is lowered. We have listed the relative onset temperatures in table 4 together with the corresponding values of $\bar{S}$, $\ln(A/T^4)$ and the quotient of both. This quotient decides, as argued above, on the reliability of the nucleation rate formula (eq.~(\ref{rate})). One sees that the corrections get worse if the Higgs mass increases. \subsection{Comparison with the thin-wall approximation} If the temperature is just below the critical temperature $T_c$ the radius $R$ of the critical bubble is much larger than the size of the bubble wall $\Delta R$. In the limit $T \rightarrow T_c$ and $\Delta R \ll R$ the effective action of the critical bubble can be written as (for $z=1$) \begin{equation} \bar{S}_{\rm TW} = \frac{1}{g_3^2} \frac{16 \pi \sigma^3}{3 \epsilon^2} \end{equation} with the volume energy \begin{equation} \epsilon = - V_{\rm eff}(T,\varphi_A) \end{equation} and the surface tension \begin{equation} \sigma	redpajama	[ 7472, 370, 57, 9, 47, 13, 66, 1009, 323, 370, 47, 393, 249, 9121, 18, 13, 19, 13, 20, 13, 21, 13, 22, 13, 23, 10952, 209, 187, 61, 8938, 9939, 92, 4041, 812, 7472, 370, 57, 9, 24, 13, 66, 1009, 347, 973, 393, 41766, 92, 39, 965, 10859, 78, 10859, 86, 2023, 209, 187, 2858, 436, 1057, 417, 3176, 3309, 275, 1859, 273, 253, 7126, 14940, 15, 2023, 209, 187, 5, 58, 9, 47, 1383, 66, 1009, 812, 320, 5118, 187, 1542, 1046, 7007, 370, 47, 30916, 844, 20670, 456, 370, 58, 9, 47, 1383, 66, 1009, 407, 247, 6821, 460, 285, 2931, 187, 783, 3470, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 889, 1968, 92, 35414, 1545, 94, 187, 56, 64, 47, 9, 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64, 18, 9, 66, 4244, 393, 5589, 13, 370, 56, 64, 23, 9, 66, 3822, 5317, 818, 2722, 253, 6867, 3879, 15, 187, 2042, 370, 66, 5, 1969, 253, 30044, 2280, 7320, 562, 1969, 310, 1512, 1355, 13, 627, 310, 642, 14940, 187, 255, 512, 15, 1310, 370, 66, 5, 310, 1512, 1943, 13, 253, 14940, 310, 3076, 15, 1292, 604, 370, 66, 5, 310, 2074, 187, 936, 253, 3626, 2280, 4311, 370, 54, 64, 17, 1366, 253, 3470, 29623, 3240, 973, 4404, 187, 66, 3638, 13, 534, 310, 17944, 347, 17889, 1386, 15, 187, 187, 2512, 403, 2067, 4973, 273, 2228, 275, 253, 18627, 5199, 27, 187, 40907, 474, 6332, 13, 15200, 39560, 275, 20670, 839, 370, 58, 9, 47, 1383, 66, 1009, 285, 209, 187, 7157, 797, 19260, 275, 18505, 253, 2701, 273, 253, 370, 56, 64, 47, 9, 66, 1009, 8, 84, 15, 844, 452, 5998, 209, 187, 16083, 281, 320, 1679, 685, 374, 19182, 964, 380, 2193, 273, 669, 6677, 9, 34, 16, 53, 63, 21, 1009, 209, 187, 609, 7117, 275, 2829, 337, 285, 17944, 275, 4677, 898, 313, 32448, 1386, 481, 586, 187, 61, 2377, 4674, 92, 510, 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187, 61, 2592 ]
= \int^{\varphi_A}_{\varphi_S} d\varphi \sqrt{2V_{\rm eff}(T_c,\varphi(r))} \end{equation} (cf.~appendix B). The values of $\sigma$ are given in table 5. The values of $\bar{S}_{\rm TW}$ are listed in comparison with the full numerical values of the critical bubbles effective actions. (See figure 10 as well.) The shape of the critical bubbles is far from thin-wall except in the case $y=0.1$ (cf.~figure 5, for other Higgs masses the bubbles are similar). Nevertheless the thin-wall estimates of the corresponding effective actions are quite good even for smaller temperatures. On the other hand one has to calculate the critical bubble configurations themselves if one wants to evaluate the static prefactor. \section{Discussion and Conclusions} Our main result is a very accurate determination of the Higgs fluctuation determinant for critical bubble solutions for an action (eq.~(\ref{Sz})). It leads to a rather drastic change in the prefactor $A$ of the transition rate compared to previous rough estimates as indicated in figure 8. The transition is suppressed stronger. It is interesting to note that the radiative corrections do not depend on the normalization factor $z$ while the quasiclassical bubble action scales with $z^{3/2}$. In our procedure to evaluate the heat kernel expansion it was essential that we go to a rather high order, that we take out a variable scale and that we treat the subtraction of the unstable and zero modes carefully. The separate interpolation for integer and half integer $O_n$ before the subtraction is essential for the quality of the approximation. We have also discussed the critical bubble configurations and their action for various temperatures between $T_c$ and $T_{\rm ro}$, and Higgs masses. For $\tilde{m}_H \leq \frac{3}{4}\tilde{m}_W$ and temperatures not too close to $T_{\rm ro}$ the radiative corrections are small compared to the $z=1$ quasiclassical action term (see table 2). Surprisingly the thin-wall approximation for the action is quite good at temperatures where the critical bubble profile is not `thin-wall' any more. The dependence of the action on the constant $Z$-factor can be taken out explicitly. It is an interesting side remark that the usual thin-wall machinery goes through even for arbitrary positive factors $Z(\varphi)$ (Appendix B). In the first part of the paper we discussed the status of a perturbative effective Higgs action. The 't~Hooft-Feynman covariant background gauge is particularly well suited for a discussion of the separate integration of gauge, Goldstone, and ghost fields, and also avoids IR problems near the broken phase vacuum. The size of the rescaled 3-dimensional gauge coupling $g_3(T)^2$ in the broken phase changes smoothly in the phase transition and is not very big and not very small; thus both the perturbative expansion in $g^2_3$ and the high temperature expansion seem to work. The inspection of the one-loop $Z$ prefactors of the Higgs and gauge-kinetic terms tells us however, that this is only true in the broken phase. Even at small $\tilde{m}_H\sim\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W$ the Higgs $Z_H(\varphi)$ (figure 3) becomes negative already at rather big values of $\varphi$ of the Higgs fields in our gauge. Different from the one-loop potential, $Z_H(\varphi)$ is very gauge-dependent and differs from the Landau gauge. The negativity of $Z_H$ cannot be changed by the introduction of a reasonable magnetic mass. The latter can only change the singular behavior of $Z_H(\varphi)$ for $\varphi$ very close to zero. As we argued in chapter 3, this signals the breakdown of the derivative expansion. Even worse, the gauge field $Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ becomes negative at still larger values of $\varphi$. Since it gives the static $\varphi$-dependent effective gauge coupling\footnote{We have checked that this behavior gives the bound $\frac{m_W(T,\varphi)}{T}>0.1$ for a perturbative treatment to be compared with $\frac{m_W(T,\varphi)}{T}>0.2$ from a renormalization group calculation \cite{ReuWe2}.} $g_3(T)^2/Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$, this signals the breakdown of perturbation theory for a big range of $\varphi$ already at small $\tilde{m}_H\sim\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W$ (figure 4), though the optimal choice of a scale of a gauge coupling in multi-loop calculations in the background of a critical bubble is not known. Thus, the use of a Higgs action (eq.~(\ref{Sz})) inspired by perturbation theory in the discussion of the critical bubbles does not have a firm ground. The `small' $\varphi$ region contributes directly to the critical bubble action through the Higgs kinetic term and not so much through the potential, but of course there is an indirect effect of the potential changing (perhaps drastically) the critical bubble configuration itself. \section{Acknowledgments} We would like to thank W.~Buchm\"uller and C.~Wetterich for useful discussions. \newpage \section{Appendix A: Calculation of the Wave Function Renormalization $Z$ Factors} \setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\theequation}{A.\arabic{equation}} In this Appendix we calculate the $Z$ factors in front of the kinetic terms. We work in 't~Hooft-Feynman background gauge (eq.~(\ref{gaugefix})). We first assume that there is only a real scalar background field (eq.~(\ref{bgfl})). The task is to expand $\delta S$ (eq.~(\ref{delS})) in powers of $\partial \varphi$. It reduces to the calculation of \begin{equation}\label{Wld} W = \log \det (-\partial^2 + U) = \frac{1}{3} \log \det (-\partial^2 + M_{12}) \end{equation} where $U$ is given in eq.~(\ref{U}). Following \cite{CarSal} we expand \begin{equation}\label{W} W = \int \frac{d^3k}{(2 \pi)^3} \left[ \int d^3 x {\rm tr} \log (\Delta^{-1}) + \frac{k^2}{3} \int d^3x {\rm tr} (\partial_i \Delta)^2 + \ldots \; \right] \end{equation} where \begin{equation} \Delta = (k^2 + U(\varphi(\vec{x}))^{-1} \quad. \end{equation} tr denotes the trace over the $4 \times 4$-matrices. The logarithm is expanded as \begin{eqnarray} {\rm tr} \log (\Delta ^{-1}) &=& {\rm tr} \log (k^2 + U_0 + \delta U) \nonumber \\ &=& {\rm tr} \log \left(\Delta_0^{-1} (1 + \Delta_0 \delta U)\right) \nonumber \\ &=& {\rm tr} \left[\log(\Delta_0^{-1}) + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{n} (\Delta_0 \delta U)^n \right] \end{eqnarray} where $U_0$ and $\delta U$ are given in eq.~(\ref{U0}) and \begin{equation} \Delta_0 = (k^2 + U_0)^{-1} = \left( \begin{array}{cccc} (k^2 + m_W^2)^{-1} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & (k^2 + m_W^2)^{-1} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & (k^2 + m_W^2)^{-1} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & (k^2 + m_\chi^2)^{-1} \\ \end{array} \right) \end{equation} Calculating the $Z$-function only the terms proportional to $(\partial \varphi)^2$ are of interest. Hence only the $n = 2$ term contributes, and the relevant part of the first term on the r.h.s.~of eq.~(\ref{W}) is \begin{eqnarray} && \int \frac{d^3k}{(2 \pi)^3} \int d^3x \frac{1}{2}	redpajama	[ 426, 393, 565, 1743, 4535, 64, 34, 4689, 4535, 64, 52, 94, 277, 61, 4535, 2490, 50269, 61, 2609, 92, 19, 55, 1126, 1109, 3098, 1603, 53, 64, 68, 1337, 4535, 9, 83, 1228, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 9, 7836, 15, 95, 50237, 378, 481, 209, 187, 510, 2193, 273, 669, 2592, 5, 403, 1677, 275, 2829, 608, 15, 380, 2193, 273, 669, 2009, 92, 52, 4689, 1109, 30694, 724, 187, 609, 7117, 275, 5301, 342, 253, 2120, 10704, 2193, 273, 253, 4619, 187, 67, 538, 9143, 3576, 5231, 15, 313, 5035, 4677, 884, 347, 973, 2698, 380, 5281, 209, 187, 1171, 253, 4619, 27892, 310, 2080, 432, 6906, 14, 12081, 3707, 275, 253, 1083, 370, 90, 30, 17, 15, 18, 5, 187, 9, 7836, 15, 95, 13206, 608, 13, 323, 643, 22361, 11843, 253, 27892, 403, 2074, 481, 209, 187, 36048, 253, 6906, 14, 12081, 8197, 273, 253, 3969, 3576, 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{\rm tr} (\Delta_0 \delta U \Delta_0 \delta U) \nonumber\\ &=& \int \frac{d^3 k}{(2 \pi)^3} \int d^3 x \frac{1}{k^2 + m_W^2} \frac{1}{k^2 + m_\chi^2} (\partial_i \varphi)^2 \nonumber\\ &=& \int d^3x \frac{1}{4 \pi} \frac{1}{m_W + m_\chi} (\partial_i \varphi)^2 \quad. \label{1stterm} \end{eqnarray} To evaluate the second term on the r.h.s.~of eq.~(\ref{W}) we make use of the fact that \begin{equation} \Delta = \Delta_0 + {\cal O}(\partial \varphi) \quad. \end{equation} Since we are only interested in terms proportional to $(\partial \varphi)^2$ we may replace $\Delta$ by $\Delta_0$. The latter is diagonal and the trace tr reduces to a sum over the field degrees of freedom. For one degree one gets \begin{eqnarray} &&\int \frac{d^3k}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{k^2}{3} \int d^3x (\partial_i (k^2 + m^2)^{-1})^2 \nonumber \\ &=& \int d^3x \frac{1}{3} \int \frac{dk}{(2 \pi)^3} \left( \frac{-k^2}{(k^2 + m^2)^2} \left( \frac{\partial m^2}{\partial \varphi} \right) \partial_i \varphi \right)^2 \nonumber \\ &=& \int d^3x \frac{1}{192\pi} \frac{1}{m^3} \left( \frac{\partial m^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2 (\partial_i \varphi)^2 \quad. \label{2ndterm} \end{eqnarray} The ghost calculation is exactly the same (cf.~eq.~(\ref{delS}) and eq.~(\ref{ghmat}) ). Finally one has to put the parts together and get the factors right. Eq.~(\ref{2ndterm}) has to be summed over 9 gauge fields components, 3 Goldstones and 3 ghosts. Eq.~(\ref{1stterm}) has to be multiplied by 3 from eq.~(\ref{Wld}). From eq.~(\ref{delS}) one gets a factor $\frac{1}{2}$ respectively $-1$. The result is \begin{eqnarray} &&\int d^3x \; \frac{1}{2}\; \left[ -\; \frac{3}{4 \pi} \frac{1}{m_W + m_\chi} \;+\; \frac{3}{64 \pi} \frac{1}{m_W^3} \left(\frac{\partial m_W^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2\right. \nonumber\\ &&\qquad\qquad \left. \quad-\; \frac{2}{64 \pi} \frac{1}{m_{\rm gh}^3} \left(\frac{\partial m_{\rm gh}^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2 \;+\; \frac{1}{64 \pi} \frac{1}{m_\chi^3} \left(\frac{\partial m_\chi^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2 \right] (\partial_i \varphi)^2 \quad. \end{eqnarray} Taking into account the factor $\frac{1}{2g_3^2}$ of eq.~(\ref{Seff}) one gets $Z_H(\varphi)$ (eq.~(\ref{Zeff})). Integrating out the Higgs field as well, the effective potential (eq.~(\ref{Veff})) gets an additional $-g_3(T)^2\frac{1}{12 \pi} m_H^3$ term while the $Z_H$-factor (eq.~(\ref{Zeff})) is modified by \begin{equation} +\; \frac{1}{192 \pi} g_3(T)^2 \frac{1}{m_H^3} \left(\frac{\partial m_H^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2 \quad. \end{equation} With the complex scalar doublet and the gauge field as background fields the same method gives a $Z$-function in front of the kinetic Goldstone term \begin{equation}\label{A.7} Z_\chi = 1 - g_3(T)^2 \frac{1}{24\pi} \left(\frac{\lambda}{g^2} - \frac{1}{8}\right)^2 \varphi^2m_\chi^{-3} - g_3(T)^2 \frac{1}{4\pi} \left( \frac{2}{m_W + m_\chi} + \frac{1}{m_W + m_H} \right) \end{equation} and in front of $\frac{1}{4} F_{ij}^a F_{ij}^a$ \begin{equation} Z_{\rm gauge} = 1 - g_3(T)^2 \frac{1}{8 \pi} \left[ \frac{7}{m_W} - \frac{1}{8m_\chi} - \frac{1}{24m_H} + \frac{1}{3m_{\rm gh}} \right] \quad. \end{equation} The logarithmic derivative of $Z_{\rm gauge}$ is the $\beta$-function of the theory. $Z_{\rm gauge}$ is plotted in figure 4 for $\tilde{m}_H = \frac{1}{2} \tilde{m}_W$, $\frac{3}{4} \tilde{m}_W$ and $\tilde{m}_W$ versus $\varphi$. \section*{Appendix B: The Thin-Wall Approximation} \setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\theequation}{B.\arabic{equation}} If the extension $\Delta R$ of the bubble wall is small compared to the radius $R$ of the critical bubble its effective action $S_1[\bar{\varphi}(r)]$ (eq.~(\ref{S1})) may be written as \begin{eqnarray} S_{\rm TW}[\bar{\varphi}(r)] &=& \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} 4\pi \left[ \int\limits_0^{R-\Delta R/2} dr r^2 V(\bar{\varphi}(r)) + \int\limits_{R-\Delta R/2}^{R+\Delta R/2} dr r^2 \left[ \frac{1}{2}(\partial_r \bar{\varphi}(r))^2 + V(\bar{\varphi}(r)) \right] \right] \nonumber\\ &\approx& \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} \left[ 4\pi R^2 \sigma - \frac{4\pi}{3} R^3 \epsilon \right] \label{STWinitial} \end{eqnarray} with \begin{eqnarray} \epsilon &=& -V(\varphi_A)\\ \sigma &=& \int_{R-\Delta R/2}^{R+\Delta R/2} dr \left[ \frac{1}{2}(\partial_r \bar{\varphi}(r))^2 + V(\bar{\varphi}(r)) \right] \quad. \end{eqnarray} In this appendix $V(\varphi)$ designates the effective potential. We assume that it is normalized by $V(0)=0$. Using $\Delta R \ll R$ again the saddlepoint equation (\ref{dgl}) reads ($z$=1) \begin{equation} \frac{d^2 \bar{\varphi}(r)}{dr^2} = V'(\bar{\varphi}(r)) \quad. \end{equation} Solutions of this equation have the `constant of motion' \begin{equation}\label{SolutionTW} \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{d \bar{\varphi}(r)}{dr}\right)^2 - V(\bar{\varphi}(r)) \end{equation} which is equal to $V(r\rightarrow \infty) = V(\varphi_S) = 0$ due to boundary conditions. Hence the surface tension may be written as \begin{equation}\label{sigma} \sigma = \int^{\varphi_A}_{\varphi_S} d\varphi \sqrt{2V(\varphi(r))} \quad. \end{equation} This integral is only real	redpajama	[ 464, 1109, 492, 94, 5081, 3442, 64, 17, 393, 3005, 530, 393, 3442, 64, 17, 393, 3005, 530, 10, 50276, 61, 6274, 3353, 187, 15638, 393, 565, 393, 1124, 92, 69, 63, 20, 465, 18424, 19, 393, 2059, 4800, 20, 94, 393, 565, 277, 63, 20, 1269, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 76, 63, 19, 559, 278, 64, 56, 63, 19, 94, 187, 50274, 61, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 76, 63, 19, 559, 278, 2253, 4635, 63, 19, 94, 5081, 3214, 64, 74, 393, 4535, 4800, 19, 393, 6274, 3353, 187, 15638, 393, 565, 277, 63, 20, 89, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 21, 393, 2059, 94, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 78, 64, 56, 559, 278, 2253, 4635, 94, 5081, 3214, 64, 74, 393, 4535, 4800, 19, 393, 3362, 15, 187, 50273, 61, 1968, 92, 18, 296, 3945, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 15214, 3728, 94, 187, 1992, 7472, 253, 1273, 1307, 327, 253, 391, 15, 73, 15, 84, 15, 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in the limit $T\rightarrow T_c$ where the derivation is exact. Maximizing the thin-wall effective action with respect to the radius one gets the critical radius \begin{equation} R_c = \frac{2 \sigma}{\epsilon} \end{equation} and the effective action of the critical bubble as function of the surface tension $\sigma$ and the volume energy $\epsilon$ \begin{equation}\label{STW} \bar{S}_{\rm TW} = \frac{1}{g_3^2} \frac{16 \pi \sigma^3}{3 \epsilon^2} \end{equation} which has been evaluated in section 3.7. Using that $V(\varphi)$ scales with $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$ in leading order one gets \begin{equation} \epsilon \propto \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \qquad \sigma \propto \left( \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \right)^{1/2} \qquad \bar{S}_{\rm TW} \propto \left( \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \right)^{-1/2} \quad. \end{equation} The thin-wall approximation may even be done analytically for the effective action \begin{equation}\label{SZphi} S[\varphi(\vec x)]=\frac{1}{g_3(T)^2}\int d^3x \left[\frac{1}{2}Z(\varphi) (\partial _i\varphi)^2+V(\varphi(\vec x)) \right] \end{equation} with a general $\varphi$-dependent positive $Z(\varphi)$. The saddlepoint equation reads in this case \begin{equation} Z(\bar{\varphi})\partial^2\bar{\varphi}+\frac{Z'(\bar{\varphi})}{2} (\partial \bar{\varphi})^2 = V'(\bar{\varphi}) \quad. \end{equation} With the substitution \begin{equation} V(\varphi)=\tilde V(\varphi)\cdot Z(\varphi) \end{equation} we obtain \begin{equation} Z(\bar{\varphi})\partial^2\bar{\varphi} = Z(\bar{\varphi}) \tilde{V}'(\bar{\varphi}) + Z'(\tilde{V}'-\frac{1}{2}(\partial\bar{\varphi})^2) \end{equation} which is in thin-wall approximation solved by \begin{equation} \frac{d\bar{\varphi}}{dr}=\sqrt{2\tilde{V}(\bar{\varphi}(r))} \quad. \end{equation} Repeating the steps from eq.~(\ref{STWinitial}) to eq.~(\ref{STW}) but using this solution instead of eq.~(\ref{SolutionTW}) we one may bring eq.~(\ref{SZphi}) into the form eq.~(\ref{STW}), but with \begin{equation} \sigma_Z = \int^{\varphi_A}_{\varphi_S} d\varphi \sqrt{2 Z(\varphi) V(\varphi(r))} \end{equation} instead of $\sigma$ of eq.~(\ref{sigma}). For constant $Z(\varphi) = z$ this changes $S_{\rm TW}$ by a factor $z^{3/2}$ as it should according to eq.~(\ref{Sscaling}). \section*{Appendix C: Operators of the Heat Kernel Expansion} \setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\theequation}{C.\arabic{equation}} The first six of the functionals $O_n(a)$ respectively $O_n^{(0)}(a)$ introduced in eq.~(\ref{det2}) are \cite{CaMcL,FliSchmSchu} \begin{eqnarray} O_1 &=& \int dx \biggl( U \biggr) \cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_2 &=& {1\over 2!} \int dx \biggl( U^2 \biggr) \cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_3 &=& {1\over 3!} \int dx \biggl( U^3 + {1\over 2} \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U \biggr) \cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_4 &=& {1\over 4!} \int dx \biggl( U^4 + 2 U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U + {1\over5} \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \biggr) \cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_5 &=& {1\over 5!} \int dx \biggl( U^5 + 3 U^2 \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U + 2 U \partial_{\kappa} U U \partial_{\kappa} U + U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U + {5\over 3} \partial_{\kappa} U\partial_{\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \cr &&\qquad\qquad + {1\over 14} \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U \biggr)\cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_6 &=& {1\over6!} \int dx \biggl( U^6 + 4 U^3 \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U + 6 U^2 \partial_{\kappa} U U \partial_{\kappa} U + {12\over7} U^2 \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U\cr &&\qquad\qquad + {9\over7} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U + {26\over7} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U + {26\over7} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U\cr &&\qquad\qquad + {17\over14} \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U + {18\over7} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\lambda} U + {9\over7} \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U \partial_{\lambda} U\cr &&\qquad\qquad + {3\over7} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U + \partial_{\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U + \partial_{\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U\cr &&\qquad\qquad + {11\over21} \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\lambda\mu} U \partial_{\mu\kappa} U + {1\over42} \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu\nu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu\nu} U \biggr) \end{eqnarray} where $U$ is to replace by $U-a$ respectively $U_0 -a$. $U$ and $U_0$ are given in eq.~(\ref{K}) and eq.~(\ref{K0}). \newpage <\|endoftext\|>I’m not talking about farmers markets or flea markets. In Joburg, the term “market” usually refers to a gathering of eclectic food and craft vendors where people go to eat, drink, shop for specialty products, and to see and be seen. The markets always happen either on weekend days or weekday nights, either weekly or monthly. These markets are popping up all over the city, and they are very trendy, and for a long time I was judgey about them. I had this idea that all the offerings at all the markets are basically the same, and I couldn’t see the point of going to a market when I can just eat in an actual restaurant or shop in an actual store. So when I was invited to attend the Stall Night Market at Cedar Square Shopping Centre and write a blog post about it, I hesitated. A night market in the parking lot of a shopping mall, in Fourways? (I’m also judgey about Fourways, exurban land of massive malls and housing complexes.) I wasn’t so sure. The night market at Cedar Square. Then I told myself to stop being a diva and open my mind. 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.foo { position: absolute; display: block; } .foo { position: center; display: block; } .foo { float: left; display: block; } .foo { position: fixed; display: block; display: inline-block; } <\|endoftext\|>This report shows the usage statistics of.dz (Algeria) vs..pg (Papua New Guinea) vs..radio (Radio) as top level domain on the web. See technologies overview for explanations on the methodologies used in the surveys. Our reports are updated daily.<\|endoftext\|>Q: ImportError: No module named phonenumbers in Odoo (OpenERP v8) I'm trying to intall the asterisk_click2dial module on ODOO and this error comes to me in the log file: ValueError: Routing: posting a message without model should be with a parent_id (private mesage). 2015-03-09 15:23:38,262 11093 ERROR? werkzeug: Error on request: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/odoo/odoo/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 177, in run_wsgi execute(self.server.app) File "/home/odoo/odoo/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 165, in execute application_iter = app(environ, start_response) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/service/server.py", line 281, in app return self.app(e, s) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/service/wsgi_server.py", line 216, in application return application_unproxied(environ, start_response) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/service/wsgi_server.py", line 202, in application_unproxied result = handler(environ, start_response) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/http.py", line 1274, in __call__ self.load_addons() File "/opt/odoo/openerp/http.py", line 1293, in load_addons m = __import__('openerp.addons.' + module) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/modules/module.py", line 79, in load_module mod = imp.load_module('openerp.addons.' + module_part, f, path, descr) File "/opt/odoo/addons/base_phone/__init__.py", line 23, in <module> from. import wizard File "/opt/odoo/addons/base_phone/wizard/__init__.py", line 23, in <module> from. import number_not_found File "/opt/odoo/addons/base_phone/wizard/number_not_found.py", line 25, in <module> import phonenumbers ImportError: No module named phonenumbers The problem is just that I installed that module (phonenumbers) plus the py-Asterisk module without errors using pip install phonenumbers and pip install py-Asterisk and the error persists. I noticed I have at least two versions of python installed (2.6 and 2.7) but both modules are installed at the same version from odoo (I can see the modules in the python2.7 cli when, for example, I write phonenumbers or search). Has anybody any idea what is happening to me? I'd be gratefull for some specific response. Thanks. Here the connector's page: OpenERP - Asterisk connector A: Ok, my bad. During odoo instalation I created a virtual environment under the Odoo system user account which was used solely by the Odoo server so I just need to install these modules under that enviorment. This works for me: First let’s switch from root to the odoo user, then create a new virtual environment called odoo and activate it: su - odoo /usr/local/bin/virtualenv --python=/usr/local/bin/python2.7 odoo source odoo/bin/activate (If you have the virtual environment created like me just ignore the second line). Before starting the module installation we need to add the path to the PostgreSQL binaries, otherwise the PsycoPG2 module install will fail (I ignored this one too): export PATH=/usr/pgsql-9.3/bin:$PATH Then I can do pip install... Thank you all for your help. <\|endoftext\|>Иван Иванович Полнер (1820—1892) — российский государственный деятель, сенатор. Действительный тайный советник (1890). Биография Родился 19 марта 1820 года. В службе и в классном чине с 1841 года после окончания юридического факультета Императорского Харьковского университета, служил по министерству просвещения. С 1846 года столоначальник канцелярии Новороссийско-Бессарабского генерал-губернатора. С 1851 года обер-секретарь 1-го Отделения 3-го Департамента Правительствующего Сената. С 1855 года назначен на должность Нижегородского губернского прокурора. С 1859 года юрисконсульт при обер-прокуроре Святейшего Правительствующего синода. С 1860 года произведён в статские советники, в 1862 году в — действительные статские советники, в 1865 году в — тайные советники. С 1866 года член Санкт-Петербургской уголовной палаты. С 1867 года председателем Харьковской судебной палаты. С 1869 года сенатор Кассационного департамента, с 1890 года Департамента герольдии и Общего собрания Судебного и Межевого Департаментов Правительствующего сената. С 1881 года председатель Комиссии для изготовления нового издания Судебных уставов. С 1883 года действительный член Совета Императорского Человеколюбивого общества. В 1890 году произведён в действительные тайные советники. Был награждён всеми российскими орденами вплоть до ордена Святого Александра Невского с бриллиантовыми знаками пожалованные ему 1 января 1892 года. Умер 8 июля 1892 года в Санкт-Петербурге. Литература Пономарёв В. П., Шабанов В. М. Кавалеры Императорского ордена Святого Александра Невского, 1725—1917: биобиблиографический словарь в трёх томах. Том 2. — М., 2009 г. — С. 315—316. — ISBN 978-5-89577-145-7 Действительные тайные советники Сенаторы Российской империи<\|endoftext\|>«Чка́ловская» — станция Московского метрополитена на Люблинско-Дмитровской линии. 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я станциями «Курская», одна из которых располагается на Арбатско-Покровская линии, другая — на Кольцевой. Расположена в Басманном районе (ЦАО); названа по улице Чкалова, которой ещё до открытия станции было возвращено историческое название Земляной Вал. Открыта 28 декабря года в составе участка «Чкаловская» —. Пилонная трёхсводчатая станция глубокого заложения с одной островной платформой. История Станция открыта 28 декабря года в составе участка «Чкаловская» —, после открытия которого в Московском метрополитене стало 157 станций. Оформление Пилоны отделаны серо-голубым мрамором, пол выложен чёрным, серым и розовым гранитом. Путевые стены отделаны белым мрамором. На пилонах и своде станции расположены оригинальные светильники. Оформление посвящено авиации и Герою Советского Союза лётчику Валерию Чкалову (1904—1938). Когда станцию проектировали в середине 1980-х годов, расположенная в непосредственной близости от станции улица носила название улица Чкалова. В 1992 году улице было возвращено историческое название — улица Земляной Вал. Таким образом, географическая связь названия станции с объектом расположения была утрачена. Расположение, вестибюли и пересадки Расположена между станциями и, имеет пересадки на станции «Курская» Арбатско-Покровской линии (переход в северном торце центрального зала) и Кольцевой линии (через совмещённый подземный вестибюль в южном торце, с которым станция соединена эскалаторами). Последний также является единственным выходом в город со станции. В непосредственной близости от станции находятся Курский вокзал, конечная остановка «Курский вокзал» для трамвайных маршрутов Б, 20, 24 и торгово-развлекательный центр «Атриум». Подземный вестибюль был законсервирован вскоре после открытия станции (здесь сохранились два эскалатора). В 2015 году его планировали снести из-за строительства гостиничного комплекса. На конец 2019 года никакие работы по сносу не начинались, вестибюль находится на территории строящегося ЖК «Чкалов». Станция в цифрах Глубина заложения станции — 51 метр. Пассажиропоток по вестибюлям станции (на год), пересадочный пассажиропоток на Арбатско-Покровскую линию —, пассажиропоток на Кольцевую линию —. Путевое развитие За станцией расположена имеющая съезды с обоими главными путями служебная соединительная ветвь на Кольцевую линию, также используемая и для оборота составов. Наземный общественный транспорт Фотогалерея См. также Список станций Московского метрополитена Примечания Ссылки Станции Московского метрополитена Басманный район Станции метрополитена, построенные в 1995 году Пилонные станции Объекты, названные в честь Валерия Чкалова Здания и сооружения, построенные в 1995 году в Москве<\|endoftext\|>Q: Download pdf from downloadlink to my uploads folder PHP I'm trying to download invoices(loop) to my uploads folder so clients can download. I don't want to redirect. I've tried file get and put contents. Got empty pdfs. then tried curl: $ch = curl_init($pdfurl); $fp = fopen('../uploads/'. $invoice. '', 'wb'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0); curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); fclose($fp); Doesnt seem to work.. the pdfurl is a download link, it doesnt show pdf, it prompts u to download.. that might be the problem? header('Content-type: application/pdf'); // It will be called downloaded.pdf header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="$invoice.pdf"'); // The PDF source is in original.pdf readfile($pdfurl); This works. but I want to move the pdfs from loop to upload folder. A:...problem solved.. was on development server.. thats why i couldnt open the pdfs.. file_put_contents("../uploads/".$factuurnummer. ".pdf", fopen($pdfurl, 'r')); <\|endoftext\|> package org.grails.plugins.tomcat; import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException; import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.ServerSocket; /** * Allows the tomcat server to be killed by pinging a port one greater than the server port. * * @author Graeme Rocher * @since 2.1 */ public class TomcatKillSwitch implements Runnable { public static final String TOMCAT_KILL_SWITCH_ACTIVE = "TomcatKillSwitch.active"; protected Tomcat tomcat; protected int serverPort; public TomcatKillSwitch(Tomcat tomcat, int serverPort) { this.tomcat = tomcat; this.serverPort = serverPort; } public static boolean isActive() { return Boolean.getBoolean("TomcatKillSwitch.active"); } public void run() { System.setProperty("TomcatKillSwitch.active", "true"); int killListenerPort = serverPort + 1; ServerSocket serverSocket = createKillSwitch(killListenerPort); if (serverSocket!= null) { try { serverSocket.accept(); try { 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Q: Setting Up git-http-backend with apache 2.4 Im trying to set up a git server using git-http-backend and apache 2.4 I found this question about the same thing which was helpful, but I'm still reaching a point where I'm stuck. I've installed git and apache2 on Ubuntu 16.04 and added the needed modules using sudo a2enmod cgi alias env Then added the following snippet in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf : <VirtualHost :80> SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL SetEnv REMOTE_USER=$REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER ScriptAliasMatch \ "(?x)^/(./(HEAD \| \ info/refs \| \ objects/(info/[^/]+ \| \ [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} \| \ pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack\|idx)) \| \ git-(upload\|receive)-pack))$" \ "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend/$1" Alias /git /var/www/git <Directory /usr/lib/git-core> Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> Note that /var/www/git is where I intend my repos to go, and running find / -name git-http-backend shows /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend Next, inside of /var/www/git/ I created a directory myrepo.git and set it up as such: sudo git init --bare --shared sudo cp hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update sudo git update-server-info Next, I have to change the ownership of the directory to the apache2 owner (Im told). Running ps aux \| egrep '(apache\|httpd)' returns the following: root 3087 0.0 0.4 73688 4928? Ss 02:37 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3455 0.0 0.5 362836 5852? Sl 03:13 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3456 0.0 0.5 362836 5852? Sl 03:13 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start git 3531 0.0 0.0 14512 932 pts/1 S+ 03:19 0:00 grep -E --color=auto (apache\|httpd) Now I'm not sure, because it looks like both root and www-data are running something, but I have currently decided to set the ownership to www-data (maybe it should be root?). www-data's group is also www-data (I think) $ id www-data uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data) so I use that to set ownership: sudo chown -R www-data:www-data. I also seem to remember reading that the whole path has to belong to the apache user so just for good measure I set sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www Now from my localmachine I am trying to clone the myrepo: git clone http://<ip-address>/myrepo.git And I am getting the error: fatal: unable to access 'http://<ip-address>/myrepo.git/': The requested URL returned error: 503 Can anybody see what Im doing wrong? A: Alias /git /var/www/git That should mean your urls should include /git in it: git clone http://<ip-address>/git/myrepo.git I don't see such an alias in this Apache configuration <\|endoftext\|>Pilosella hybrida är en tvåhjärtbladiga växtart som först beskrevs av Dominique Villars, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Friedrich Wilhelm Schultz och Sch.Bip.. Pilosella hybrida ingår i släktet stångfibblor, och familjen korgblommiga. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Källor Stångfibblor hybrida<\|endoftext\|>F.I.F.A. – Players’ Status Committee / Commissione per lo Status dei Calciatori – players’ and match agents disputes / controversie agenti di calciatori – (2017-2018) – fifa.com – atto non ufficiale – Decision of the Single Judge of the Players’ Status Committee passed in Zurich, Switzerland, on 29 August 2017, by Mr Geoff Thompson (England) Single Judge of the Players’ Status Committee, on the claim presented by the players´ agent Agent A, Country B as “Claimant” against the club Club C, Country D as “Respondent” regarding a contractual dispute between the parties. Share the post "F.I.F.A. – Players’ Status Committee / Commissione per lo Status dei Calciatori – players’ and match agents disputes / controversie agenti di calciatori – (2017-2018) – fifa.com – atto non ufficiale – Decision of the Single Judge of the Players’ Status Committee passed in Zurich, Switzerland, on 29 August 2017, by Mr Geoff Thompson (England) Single Judge of the Players’ Status Committee, on the claim presented by the players´ agent Agent A, Country B as “Claimant” against the club Club C, Country D as “Respondent” regarding a contractual dispute between the parties."<\|endoftext\|>Q: Users auth and profiles in getstream.io I would like to know if I can manage user profiles and user authentication directly with getstream.io? I had a glance at the samples and I don't understand how the users get created. A: It's currently not possible to manage user accounts, profiles and auth within Stream. Stream is best used in combination with an application (e.g. server-side Sails/Node.js, Python/Django, Ruby/Rails etc.) that handles these things and other functionality, application logic and services. Your application will then have full control and flexibility over which users can read/write and be notified of updates to any particular feed. <\|endoftext\|>Q: Using a Factory in md.dialog I have a google material dialog box where I interact with the user. I want to inject a factory into the dialog and use it there. Is there a way to do this? I tried passing the factory as a local variable. Any suggestions? Edit --------- Here is my controller that I am using to handle the dialogs. I output the factory to the console and the functions are all there. Not sure why calling them does nothing. function DocumentDialogController($mdDialog, locals, chartFactory) { var vm = vm \|\| this; vm.thisItem = locals.thisItem; vm.cancel = cancel; vm.acceptChanges = acceptChanges; vm.selectImage = selectImage; function cancel(){ $mdDialog.cancel(); }; function acceptChanges(desc) { $mdDialog.hide(desc); }; function selectImage(imageName) { vm.thisItem.imageObj.data.src=imageName; }; } A: Assign a controller to the dialog and inject the factory into the controller. Do something like the below to create the dialog. Note that the string in the controller property is the name of the controller you want to use. $mdDialog.show({ templateUrl: 'partials/example.template.html', targetEvent: event, controller: 'ExampleCtrl', controllerAs: 'vm' }); Create and inject the factory into the controller like you would with any other controller. (function() { 'use strict'; angular .module('example') .controller('ExampleCtrl', ExampleCtrl); function ExampleCtrl(ExampleFactory) { var vm = this; // you can now use the injected ExampleFactory } ExampleCtrl.$inject = ['ExampleFactory']; })(); <\|endoftext\|>March 2017: Recruiters: Need valuable benefits for your workforce? DART's Employer Pass Team can show you how to boost your bottom line by getting on board with the DART employer annual pass program. Visit www.DART.org/epass for more information. October 2016: New opportunities and new destinations arrive Oct. 24 when DART Rail's Blue Line adds three miles and opens new stations at Camp Wisdom and UNT Dallas. June 2016: Creating a Vibrant Tomorrow. The wheels of change have been in motion for two decades. DART Rail and the TRE have been a catalyst in the communities they serve, with continued progress on the horizon. 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Q: SQL, Calculate Data Between Rows Using Lag I have a Play table and it has columns possession and clock. I want to return all plays where the possession is 'away' and calculate the time elapsed between the previous play and the selected play. The problem is, using my query, the lag function is calculating elapsed time on a set of only plays where 'away' has possession and not a set of all plays. select (lag(clock, 1) over () - clock) from plays where possession = 'away'; How do I make the lag(clock, 1) refer to the set of all plays, not just those where possession = 'away'? A: I think you just want a subquery: select p.* from (select p., (lag(clock, 1) over () - clock) as diff from plays p ) p where possession = 'away'; <\|endoftext\|>Q: Correct way to perform matrix multiplication I have the simple matrix and would like to multiply D on E but I'm getting an error: D <- data.frame(X = c(1,1,-1,1), Y = c(1,-1,1,1), Z = c(1,1,1,-1)) E <- data.frame(X = c(-1,0,1), Y = c(-1,1,0), Z = c(1,1,1)) P <- D %% E Error in D %% E : requires numeric/complex matrix/vector arguments How do I overcome the error? It's simple 3x4 and 3x3 matrix multiplication. Thank you for your support! A: You have to transform the data frames into matrices: D <- as.matrix(data.frame(X = c(1,1,-1,1), Y = c(1,-1,1,1), Z = c(1,1,1,-1))) E <- as.matrix(data.frame(X = c(-1,0,1), Y = c(-1,1,0), Z = c(1,1,1))) P <- D %% E <\|endoftext\|>Q: Request without URL Encode - Chrome/Firefox Is there anyway we can send request from browser bypassing Default URL encode given by Chrome and Firefox without using xmlhttprequest using any tag attributes or redirect or something like that? Update: It is a GET request I am trying to send. <\|endoftext\|>Back again this week with a closer look at the updates we’ve been making to our collection of menus from around the World. — Sci Fi Dine In menu was updated with their newest items, as well as photos of the Vegan Tofu Lettuce Wraps, the BBQ Platter and the Deep-Fried Dill Pickle Chips. — ABC Commissary dinner menu was updated with a number of new items, including Shrimp Teriyaki Bowl, a Vegan Burger, a Southwest BBQ Burger and Chocolate Banana Cream Almond Crisp. — Updated the Lotus Blossom Cafe and Joy of Tea menus with new Milk Cap Lychee Tea. — At Sommerfest in the Germany pavilion, the jumbo pretzel and the Altenmunster Oktoberfest were removed, while Beck’s Pilsner was added. — Liberty Inn in World Show place added a Mac & Cheese Hot Dog. — The Fountain View Bakery added a special Boston Cream Pie Cupcake. — The Choza de Margarita stand in the Mexico pavilion added esquites, Tostada de pollo and a smokey margarita. — The big news at Caribbean Beach Resort is that Sebastian’s Bistro will be replacing Shutters Restaurant. Also, Centertown Market, the food court area, will be getting a facelift. — The Ale & Compass restaurant at the Yacht Club has added a breakfast buffet. — Boardwalk Joe’s on Disney’s BoardWalk added Dole Whip Pineapple Smoothie. — Also at the BoardWalk, Ample Hills Creamery added three new ice cream flavors: Shirley Temple, Red Velvet Ooey Gooey Butter Cake, and Chocolate Fudge Brownie! — Updated the menus from the Grand Floridian, Pop Century and Art of Animation. — Wine Bar George added three lunch specials, including the Steak Frites, which we have a photo of. — Vivoli Gelato added Honey Pot Shake and House Baked Cookies to its menu. — Erin McKenna’s Bakery added coconut candy mounds and chocolate chip cookie cupcake to its list of allergy-friendly goodies. — The House of Blues Orlando updated its cocktail menu, adding Stormy Night, Crossroads Cadillac Margarita, Woodberry Smash, Beast of Bourbon. They’ve also added the Impossible Burger (vegan). — Yesake added frozen Kirin Beer. — Amorette’s Patisserie added whipped pineapple Ã©clair. — Art Smith’s Homecomin’ brunch has now expanded to Saturdays as well as Sundays, so we’ve added that to the menus. — Updated all the menus at Typhoon Lagoon, and ADDED a new location, Hammerhead Fred’s, which is located where Shark Reef used to be.<\|endoftext\|>Endivija (zimska vodopija, vrtna žutenica, žutenica vrtlena, utinica pitoma, vrtna žutinica, latinski: Cichorium endivia) vrsta je povrća koja pripada porodici Asteraceae. Opis biljke Krecuša (ponekad i zimska salata) kako je još nazivaju, smatra se vrstom zelene salate iako dolazi iz porodice cikorija i u bliskom je srodstvu s cikorijom. Endivija je jednogodišnja biljka koja raste u obliku glave, sa širokim listovima koji rastu iz središta u obliku rozete. Postoje dvije inačice endivije, var. Latifolia i var. Crispa. Prva varijanta ima šire i manje nazubljene listove koji su i svjetlijih zelenih boja. Druga varijanta se često naziva francuskim imenom frisée. Endivija je bogata folatima i vitaminima A i K, a također i vlaknima koji su bitni za probavu. Osim toga, sadrži i glikozide koji joj daju gorak okus. Endivija dobro podnosi niske temeprature, te se kod nas uzgaja kao jesenje i zimsko povrće. Traži dosta vlage i vode, te veću količinu gnjojiva. Ima i ljekovita svojstva; inulin kojeg sadrži djeluje diuretički, pospješuje apetit i potiče izlučivanje mokraće. Postoje 3 teorije o podrijetlu endivije: potječe iz južne Azije i sjeverne Kine potječe s istočnog Mediterana i križanac je cikorije i divljeg oblika male cikorije (lat. Cichorium pumilum) da je nastala od male cikorije, te da joj je identična iako se trenutno smatraju za dvije odvojene biljne vrste Kod nas se najčešće uzgaja var. Latifolia i to sljedeće inačice: Dječja glava (bubikopf) Dalmatinska kapica Eskariol žuta Eskariol zelena Zelena Fjorentinka Zimska kraljica Vidi i Cikorija Izvori Vanjske poveznice Belgian Endive Službena stranica belgijske endivije Endivija i cikorija Frisée Povrće Vodopija<\|endoftext\|>Birkenfeld es un municipio situado en el distrito de Enz, en el estado federado de Baden-Wurtemberg (Alemania), con una población a finales de 2016 de unos. Se encuentra ubicado en el centro del estado, en la región de Karlsruhe, en la parte septentrional de las montañas de la Selva Negra, cerca de la orilla del río Enz —un afluente izquierdo del río Neckar. Referencias Enlaces externos Localidades del distrito de Enz<\|endoftext\|>Q:	redpajama	[ 50, 27, 11700, 13, 6762, 5128, 17842, 416, 5811, 6915, 15184, 309, 452, 247, 10223, 2829, 285, 352, 556, 9930, 10023, 285, 8886, 15, 50276, 42, 971, 281, 1091, 512, 7120, 835, 253, 10023, 310, 686, 12594, 8, 285, 10173, 253, 673, 38667, 875, 253, 2045, 1132, 285, 253, 4236, 1132, 15, 50276, 510, 1895, 310, 13, 970, 619, 7316, 13, 253, 16653, 1159, 310, 18899, 38667, 673, 327, 247, 873, 273, 760, 7120, 835, 686, 12594, 8, 556, 10023, 285, 417, 247, 873, 273, 512, 7120, 15, 187, 7135, 313, 14293, 9, 13273, 13, 337, 10, 689, 6734, 428, 8886, 10, 432, 7120, 835, 10023, 426, 686, 12594, 5618, 187, 187, 2347, 513, 309, 1056, 253, 16653, 9, 13273, 13, 337, 10, 3730, 281, 253, 873, 273, 512, 7120, 13, 417, 816, 1110, 835, 10023, 426, 686, 12594, 46146, 187, 187, 34, 27, 309, 1158, 368, 816, 971, 247, 749, 7267, 27, 187, 7135, 268, 5929, 187, 4064, 313, 7135, 268, 20011, 313, 14293, 9, 13273, 13, 337, 10, 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How to use the click jquery function with this code When a user clicks on the textbox, the font in the textbox should change color, but for some reason it does not. I have the following code: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $(".textbox0").click(function() { $(this).css('color', 'rgb(64, 0, 128)'); }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> .textbox0 { position: fixed; left: 131px; top: 38px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8px; font-weight: normal; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="textbox0"><textarea rows=7 cols=30>Change colour</textarea></div> </body> </html> I believe I did everything correctly as this method worked with buttons, but I guess I didn't. A: This is NOT because your click binding needs to be on the textarea. Nor is it because you need to use a named CSS color. Nor is it related to the onDomReady event. All you need to make your code work is a simple line of CSS: textarea { color: inherit; } The reason the text in your textarea isn't changing color is that the user-styles for most browsers are of higher cascade precedence than inherit. This is good, otherwise you would see some very bizarre looking textareas floating around. ;) A: You need to apply the change to the textarea element, not the div: $(".textbox0 textarea").click(function() { $(this).css('color', 'rgb(64, 0, 128)'); }); Here's a working example. If you need to keep the click event handler bound to the.textbox0 element and not the textarea, you could use the find (or children) method within the event handler to apply the change to the textarea: $(".textbox0").click(function() { $(this).find("textarea").css("color", "rgb(64, 0, 128)"); }); A: You should add the "textarea" tag in your accessor. I put the code here : http://jsfiddle.net/qfvVv/ A: The change in the stylesheet is being done on the div, not on the textarea inside the div. You can change this in several ways: Put the class on the textarea or change your jQuery selector to.textbox0 textarea or change the code in the click event to change the css of the textarea in the div. <\|endoftext\|>Past song of the week / November 2018 Rob Knaggs "Ghosting" From the album Foreshore Featured track, available from November 15 to November 23 Rob Knaggs is biding a fond farewell to Manitoba. After four years in our prairie province, the Australia cellist and composer and whale-whisperer is heading home for the indefinite future. Known for creating cinematic post-rock soundscapes and incorporating ethereal whale song and taking inspiration from the arctic, footage of Knaggs playing cello among the thousands of beluga whales in Hudson Bay went viral. It led him to collaborate with the ocean conservation society, Sea Shepherd, to promote ocean health and the preservation of marine life. Travel Manitoba tapped him to perform alongside local visual artist and polar bear activist, Kal Barteski, to represent Manitoba at tourism galas in New York City, Winnipeg, and Calgary, and he's been the musician in residence at Churchill Wild's internationally-recognised NatGeo lodge at Seal River. He's saying goodbye to his adopted home in style... teaming up with local folk duo Two Crows for Comfort for a joint album release party. They'll take over The Handsome Daughter on December 8 for not one but two shows (the early 7PM show is sold out but there's a 10PM show with some spots available). Knaggs is releasing his new EP, Foreshore, which was recorded at Collector Studio and mastered by Sigur Rós' Birgir Jón Birgisson at his home studio in Iceland. Meanwhile, Two Crows for Comfort will launch its debut full-length, 17 Feet. We've got a special sneak peek of Knagg's new album with our featured track this week, "Ghosting". Get it and get out to see him live, celebrate his new album, and bid him adieu (for now...) These songs are made available with permission of the artists/copyright holders and all rights have been acquired. List more music<\|endoftext\|>Q: zlib deflated samlrequest returns a "not deflated propper" by azure AD i am using c++ zlib to deflate a XML string that gives the output: <samlp:AuthnRequest xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:metadata" ID="idnumber" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2026-09-30T15:12:00.1839884Z" xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol"> <Issuer xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">tenantID</Issuer> </samlp:AuthnRequest> the xml is put into a stringstream as follow with rapidxml: xml << "<samlp:AuthnRequest \n" << "xmlns=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:metadata\" \n " << "ID=\"idnumber\" \n " << "Version=\"2.0\" IssueInstant=\"2022-09-30T16:00:00.1839884Z\"\n " << "xmlns:samlp=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol\">\n" << "<Issuer xmlns=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\">" + tenantIDstring + "</Issuer>\n" << "</samlp:AuthnRequest>"; When i deflate and then b64 encode then url encode it, it returns thestring that should be sent over the url for the SAMLRequest of azure AD. So its working as it should and is deflating the xml. But the response from Azure AD return that the request is not deflated propperly. i am using the deflate.h from zlib. deflate_xml.h: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <assert.h> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <iostream> #include "rapidxml.hpp" #include <zlib.h> namespace helper { static std::string deflate_file(const std::string &str, // gets filled with xml.str(); from the main.cpp int compressionlevel = Z_BEST_COMPRESSION) { z_stream zs; // z_stream is zlib's control structure memset(&zs, 0, sizeof(zs)); if (deflateInit(&zs, compressionlevel)!= Z_OK) throw(std::runtime_error("deflateInit failed while compressing.")); zs.next_in = (Bytef )str.data(); zs.avail_in = str.size(); // set the z_stream's input int ret; char outbuffer[32768]; std::string outstring; // retrieve the compressed bytes blockwise do { zs.next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef >(outbuffer); zs.avail_out = sizeof(outbuffer); ret = deflate(&zs, Z_FINISH); if (outstring.size() < zs.total_out) { // append the block to the output string outstring.append(outbuffer, zs.total_out - outstring.size()); } } while (ret == Z_OK); deflateEnd(&zs); if (ret!= Z_STREAM_END) { // an error occurred that was not EOF std::ostringstream oss; oss << "Exception during zlib compression: (" << ret << ") " << zs.	redpajama	[ 1359, 281, 897, 253, 5532, 39775, 1159, 342, 436, 2127, 2091, 247, 2608, 31317, 327, 253, 2505, 3364, 13, 253, 8266, 275, 253, 2505, 3364, 943, 1818, 3295, 13, 533, 323, 690, 1921, 352, 1057, 417, 15, 187, 42, 452, 253, 1563, 2127, 27, 187, 30952, 32735, 11685, 35283, 19479, 605, 56, 20, 36, 605, 41375, 11685, 577, 15, 520, 4480, 16097, 605, 1400, 3, 346, 2413, 1358, 2700, 15, 88, 20, 15, 2061, 16, 3125, 16, 2974, 21, 16, 4213, 583, 15, 48328, 1138, 187, 29, 2974, 31, 187, 29, 2522, 31, 187, 50276, 29, 3866, 6740, 568, 3614, 1358, 20742, 15, 41384, 15, 681, 16, 20742, 16, 26959, 16, 19203, 16, 18, 15, 24, 15, 18, 16, 19203, 15, 1222, 15, 4305, 3, 1511, 568, 1156, 16, 14606, 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Improved Meyer Lemon will grow to be about 10 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 12 feet. It has a low canopy with a typical clearance of 2 feet from the ground. Although it's not a true annual, this plant can be expected to behave as an annual in our climate if left outdoors over the winter, usually needing replacement the following year. As such, gardeners should take into consideration that it will perform differently than it would in its native habitat. Improved Meyer Lemon is a good choice for the edible garden, but it is also well-suited for use in outdoor pots and containers. Its large size and upright habit of growth lend it for use as a solitary accent, or in a composition surrounded by smaller plants around the base and those that spill over the edges. Note that when growing plants in outdoor containers and baskets, they may require more frequent waterings than they would in the yard or garden.<\|endoftext\|> package org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request; /** Marker class so that we can determine which requests are updates. */ public interface IsUpdateRequest {} <\|endoftext\|>Rights group accuses Syria of striking hospitals, schools by Daily Sabah with AA ISTANBUL Syrian Crisis A human rights group condemned Syria's regime and its Russian allies Thursday for striking medical facilities and a school in opposition-held Idlib province with air and artillery strikes over the past month. Stating that the Syrian regime continues to show utter disregard for the laws of war and the lives of civilians after eight years of war, Amnesty International said "a hospital, blood bank and other medical facilities as well as a bakery and a school" had been hit in Idlib. Amnesty International is not the only rights group that reports on the Syrian regime's violations. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, regime strikes since February on the northwestern province controlled by the terrorist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) have left at least 170 civilians dead and displaced thousands of others. "The Syrian government, with the support of Russia, is clearly resorting to the same unlawful military tactics which led to massive displacement, in some cases forced displacement," it said in a report, which was based on witness testimonies backed up by "analysis of videos, open source information and satellite imagery." The U.N.-sponsored Astana talks between Russia, Iran and Turkey had established four de-escalation zones in the northwestern province of Idlib, north of the central city of Homs, the Eastern Ghouta area outside of Damascus and in the southern provinces of Daraa and Quneitra. However, the partial cease-fire was short-lived as regime forces backed by Russia and Iran recaptured three of the areas through heavy bombardments, leaving Idlib as the last stronghold of the opposition. The Bashar Assad regime was signaling a grand offensive against Idlib, and it was feared this would cause a humanitarian catastrophe in the province, which is home to about 3.5 million Syrians, many of whom are internally displaced. On Sept. 17, 2018, Turkey and Russia agreed in Sochi to implement a demilitarized zone between opposition forces and regime forces, warding off the possible humanitarian disaster. However, despite the Sochi agreement, attacks carried out by the Syrian regime and its backers in Idlib's de-escalation zone are estimated to have killed at least 152 civilians and injured more than 445 others since the beginning of 2019.<\|endoftext\|>Land Resources is a full-service real estate consulting firm specializing in assisting property owners and investors in maximizing the value of their assets. We provide a wide range of services and expertise in the areas of acquisition, entitlements, planning and engineering, finance, land development, construction management and marketing that allows us to provide our clients with the services that fit their needs and goals. Our team is driven to provide expert strategic counsel at all stages of development, for any size of project to maximize returns for our investors and partners. Land Resources brings over 75 years of collective experience in real estate development and management across a wide range of real estate properties including master planned residential, retail, mixed use commercial and light industrial. Led by Mark Hammons, a tenured and highly regarded expert in Arizona and California real estate markets, Land Resources offers a unique and diverse perspective with a focus on creating value throughout all cycles of a project. Based in Peoria, Arizona, the Land Resources team has been involved with several of Arizona and California’s most notable real estate projects including Vistancia (Peoria, Arizona), McDowell Mountain Ranch (Scottsdale, Arizona), Johnson Ranch (San Tan Valley, Arizona), Power Ranch (Gilbert, Arizona), Power Marketplace (Queen Creek, Arizona), Sheely Farms (Tolleson, Arizona), Valencia (Valencia, California), and Coral Mountain (La Quinta, California). Additionally, Land Resources has been involved with some of the Arizona’s most successful golf courses and country clubs including Trilogy at Power Ranch, Legacy Golf Resort, Trilogy at Vistancia and Blackstone Country Club at Vistancia. Land Resources’ sister company HRD Construction provides a diverse range of construction management services in the areas of project and construction management, contract administration, value engineering and cost management, schedule management, and accounting. Integrity: A keen adherence to sound character, honesty and ethical principles. Quality: Producing and providing the highest standard of excellence. Reliability: Trusted, authentic and consistent. Building strong relationships and working with people is our top priority. Our partner relationships are guided by a spirit of collaboration, respect and confidentiality, and we serve as an extension of our partners’ organizations to achieve mutual success. The Land Resources team is relentlessly devoted to leveraging our development expertise to achieve added-value and returns to distinctive land opportunities and projects. The team of highly experienced real estate professionals are leaders in their fields and go above and beyond to deliver the highest quality at every stage of development. Our disciplined, yet flexible approach allows us to creatively and thoughtfully deliver unique, value-based solutions that are aligned with our partners business strategy. Our positive and energetic style drives creative and insightful work and gives our partners the confidence that they have a dedicated and responsive team working on their behalf to achieve remarkable results. Land Resources pushes the boundaries of conventional tactics to bring dynamic, yet resourceful and financially sound solutions to the table. Our enthusiasm inspires us and our partners to think differently no matter what size or scale the project might be. Our deep development roots are a sounding board for both best practice approaches and new ideas.<\|endoftext\|>Learn more about the LANIUS brand. LANIUS is GOTS certified. This standard regulates the complete supply chain of ecological textiles from cultivation to production, packaging, to trade and distribution. Excellent quality deserves an excellent service and a good Onlineshop. LANIUS has been awarded with the TrustedShops-Label. Subscribe to the free LANIUS newsletter and ensure that you will no longer miss any of our LANIUS news or onlineshop offers. For more information on processing your personal data, please click here.<\|endoftext\|>Q: CheckBoxList - Restrict selection to a specific number I am using a CheckBoxList to display a group of Business Units. I want to restrict the selection to max 5 items and if the user selects the 6th Item then i should display an alert and Unselect the 6th Item selected. The control is as below : <asp:CheckBoxList ID="ckBLBusinessUnits" onclick="loader(this.id);" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True" Visible="false" OnSelectedIndexChanged="ckBLBusinessUnits_SelectedIndexChanged"></asp:CheckBoxList> JS function i am using is: function loader(controlID) { modal = document.getElementById('loadingImage'); modal.style.display = "block"; if (controlID == "ckBLBusinessUnits") { if (($('#ckBLBusinessUnits :checkbox:checked').length) > 5) { alert("Max 5 BU's can be selected"); //is it possible to uncheck here? I am unable to find any method to do so. } } } C# is below : protected void ckBLBusinessUnits_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (selectedValues.Count <= 5) { //Do something and then disable the loader. loadingImage.Style.Add("display", "none"); } else if (selectedValues.Count > 5) { //is it possible to uncheck here? I am unable to find any method to do so. } } A: This might not be what you asked for, but it might work for your case. Instead of unchecking the checkbox, disable the other checkboxes whenever the total selected items is 5, and show your alert. protected void CheckBoxList1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { List<ListItem> SelectedItems = new List<ListItem>(); foreach (ListItem ItemsSelected in CheckBoxList1.Items) { if (ItemsSelected.Selected) SelectedItems.Add(ItemsSelected); } if(SelectedItems.Count() == 5) { // Display alert foreach(ListItem item in CheckBoxList1.Items) { if(!SelectedItems.Contains(item)) { item.Enabled = false	redpajama	[ 3351, 27369, 30944, 44513, 588, 1756, 281, 320, 670, 884, 4669, 10086, 387, 29791, 13, 342, 247, 5195, 273, 1249, 4669, 15, 733, 556, 247, 1698, 39625, 342, 247, 6867, 17998, 273, 374, 4669, 432, 253, 3216, 15, 4129, 352, 434, 417, 247, 2032, 7970, 13, 436, 4444, 476, 320, 3264, 281, 21319, 347, 271, 7970, 275, 776, 7952, 604, 1669, 32321, 689, 253, 8986, 13, 3798, 25312, 5407, 253, 1563, 807, 15, 1284, 824, 13, 10329, 398, 943, 1379, 715, 8180, 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Mediumship Development Group \| Ewan Irvine \| In Centre An event every week that begins at 7:30 pm on Thursday, repeating until 9 March, 2023 « Open Circle \| Elizabeth Titterton and Sandra Aetheris \| Online Private Readings \| Joan Frew \| Online via ZOOM » Go to Booking Intermediate Mediumship Development Group with Ewan Irvine Thursdays \| 2nd February till 9th March\| 7:30pm-9:00pm\| £15 per class, £90 for the course \| In-Centre Six Weeks of Mediumship Development. This six-week course will benefit those who wish to take that step into working with mediumship in the context of one-to-one readings and platform mediumship. It will look at working with the Power of Spirit, maintaining the connection, delivering the message, confidence and self-care. We will initially look at one-to-one readings and maintain the connection for the duration of the reading. We will then look at how to immediately give another reading and how to break the link and establish a new link with Spirit. We will look at the Power of the Mind over the link with Spirit and how to confidently give an accurate message. We will then take this onto working from the Platform and how we can be confident, accurately give a message to the correct recipient, how to convey the message, give more than one message and how to be confident on the platform. We will look at self-care, following the journey of Mediumship and allowing ourselves to learn from our successes and mistakes. About Ewan Irvine Ewan Irvine is an international Psychic and Medium, Tutor and Author with a career spanning over 30 years and has also worked extensively in the Paranormal field. He is a certificate holder of the Spiritualist National Union award (CSNU) in Demonstrating and Speaking. Ewan was born in Edinburgh and had a normal childhood, apart from one thing. As a child, Ewan was aware that he was different from other children, being able to sense Spirit and be aware of events before they actually happened. He also had a firm interest in ghosts from this young age. As the years passed, he accepted these and really thought that they were just normal, but it was not until the age of 18 that he was to receive a reading from a medium that was to change his life. The reading, as well as giving him firm proof of the afterlife, answered many of the questions he had over the years. But the reading was to reveal that he would use his own Psychic gift in the years to come. In the following years, Ewan was to develop his own ability in mediumship and began to demonstrate this ability in many of the Spiritualist churches and centres up and down the country. Please note that places on this course are limited, and book in advance to avoid disapointment. If you have any issues, please contact us during office hours. All bookings are subject to our terms and conditions. Please note that this class takes place up a flight of stairs due to room avaliability. Classes, Contemporary Spirituality, Mediumship mediumship, Psychic, psychic development, Spiritual, spirituality, Workshop<\|endoftext\|>Q: Origin of the name "Cauchy sequence" in abstract algebra I know the origin in analysis as it is derived from our good old chap Cauchy himself. However I have read about Cauchy sequences in algebra, I'll use groups for this one, let $G$ be a group and $G_i\triangleleft G$ for all $i\in\mathbb{N}$ along with $G_0=G$ and our filtration is then $$G_0\supseteq G_1 \supseteq G_1\supseteq\ldots$$ Next we let $\{x_i\}$ be a sequence, it is a cauchy sequence if and only if we have that for a given $m\in\mathbb{N}$ there exists an $N$ such that $\forall i,j > N$ we have that $x_i x_j^{-1}\in G_m$. I think I got that right from memory, anyhow I am curious as to why this is called a cauchy sequence? While I understand there are definitional simularities in how it is phrased, the whole "Find $N$ such that $i,j>N$" bit is right from the traditional real analysis definition. I can even see the parallel between $\epsilon$ in the analysis definition and our $m$ here which really marks a normal subgroup. In this chain we have that the "size" of the groups get's smaller (for simplicity sake assuming it doesn't stagnate), so $m\to\infty$ would be a parallel to $\epsilon\to 0$. And of course $x_i x_j^{-1}\in G_m$ is parallel to $\|x_i-x_j\|<\epsilon$. Is this the reason why it is called cauchy because of these striking similarities? Where did this name come from? Who came with it for algebra? <\|endoftext\|>1899 House Bill 1007. An Act To Establish The District Court Of Eastern Franklin. Title 1899 House Bill 1007. An Act To Establish The District Court Of Eastern Franklin.<\|endoftext\|>Andriej Timofiejewicz Czeczkow (ros. Андрей Тимофеевич Чечков, ur. 1905 we wsi Bormaszewo w guberni chersońskiej, zm. w lipcu 1975 w Moskwie) – funkcjonariusz radzieckich organów bezpieczeństwa, pułkownik bezpieczeństwa państwowego, zastępca ministra spraw wewnętrznych Ukraińskiej SRR (1946-1950) i Gruzińskiej SRR (1956-1961). Od października 1927 do grudnia 1930 w Armii Czerwonej, kursant szkoły młodszych dowódców, od 1929 w WKP(b). Od grudnia 1930 do października 1935 zastępca dyrektora fabryki im. Kominternu w Dniepropetrowsku, 1935-1937 studiował w dniepropetrowskiej filii Ukraińskiej Akademii Przemysłowej, od lipca do listopada 1937 szef warsztatu fabryki im. Kominternu. Od listopada 1937 do stycznia 1939 zastępca kierownika wydziału, II sekretarz i I sekretarz rejonowego komitetu KP(b)U w Dniepropetrowsku, od 8 stycznia do 1 lutego 1939 zastępca szefa, a od 1 lutego 1939 do 15 września 1941 szef Zarządu NKWD obwodu stalińskiego (obecnie obwód doniecki), od 25 lutego 1939 kapitan bezpieczeństwa państwowego. Od sierpnia 1941 do czerwca 1942 zastępca szefa i szef Zarządu Budownictwa nr 49 NKWD (Front Południowy), w czerwcu 1942 został ranny, leczył się w Kirowie do września. Od września 1942 do lutego 1943 w NKWD Baszkirskiej ASRR, od lutego do czerwca 1943 szef Grupy Operacyjnej NKWD Ukraińskiej SRR, 11 lutego 1943 awansowany na podpułkownika bezpieczeństwa państwowego, od czerwca 1943 do 9 września 1946 szef Zarządu NKWD/MWD obwodu stalińskiego, od 2 stycznia 1944 pułkownik bezpieczeństwa państwowego. Od 9 września 1946 do 29 grudnia 1947 zastępca ministra spraw wewnętrznych Ukraińskiej SRR ds. zagadnień nieoperacyjnych, od 29 grudnia 1947 do 3 stycznia 1950 zastępca ministra spraw wewnętrznych Ukraińskiej SRR ds. kadr, od stycznia 1950 do lipca 1953 zastępca szefa II Głównego Zarządu przy Radzie Ministrów ZSRR ds. kadr, od lipca 1953 do sierpnia 1956 zastępca szefa Głównego Zarządu Ministerstwa Budowy Maszyn Średnich ZSRR, od 10 sierpnia 1956 do października 1961 zastępca ministra spraw wewnętrznych Gruzińskiej SRR. Odznaczenia Order Lenina Order Czerwonego Sztandaru (dwukrotnie) Order Czerwonego Sztandaru Pracy Order Wojny Ojczyźnianej II klasy (2 marca 1945	redpajama	[ 46374, 5363, 9753, 5901, 1040, 444, 10320, 7854, 29735, 1040, 496, 12169, 187, 1145, 2362, 1046, 2129, 326, 9513, 387, 818, 27, 1229, 12920, 327, 8216, 13, 24385, 1919, 898, 3919, 13, 1384, 1508, 187, 12391, 7489, 29572, 1040, 12694, 308, 4069, 1299, 285, 43785, 329, 7851, 261, 1040, 15650, 187, 22279, 6707, 723, 1040, 29778, 401, 2663, 1040, 15650, 3066, 1503, 48, 2277, 9280, 187, 6826, 281, 7225, 272, 187, 6504, 8613, 31123, 5363, 9753, 5901, 342, 444, 10320, 7854, 29735, 187, 1044, 2244, 11015, 1040, 374, 2109, 5080, 7357, 898, 394, 3919, 93, 818, 27, 1229, 2617, 14, 26, 27, 361, 2617, 93, 8157, 1010, 591, 966, 13, 8157, 2270, 323, 253, 2282, 1040, 496, 14, 18760, 250, 187, 25347, 844, 3194, 273, 31123, 5363, 9753, 15, 187, 1552, 2800, 14, 11151, 2282, 588, 5649, 1110, 665, 5730, 281, 1379, 326, 3213, 715, 2444, 342, 4646, 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) Order Znak Honoru (23 stycznia 1948) Odznaka „Zasłużony Funkcjonariusz NKWD” (18 lutego 1946) Oraz 7 medali. Bibliografia Funkcjonariusze NKWD Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonego Sztandaru Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonego Sztandaru Pracy Odznaczeni Orderem Lenina Odznaczeni Orderem Wojny Ojczyźnianej I klasy Odznaczeni Orderem „Znak Honoru” Urodzeni w 1905 Zmarli w 1975<\|endoftext\|>The 2011 Comerica Bank Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 24th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Aptos, California, United States between 11 and 17 July 2011. Singles main-draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of July 4, 2011. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Steve Johnson Bradley Klahn Jack Sock The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Andre Dome Alexander Domijan David Martin Phillip Simmonds The following players received entry as a lucky loser into the singles main draw: Jimmy Wang Rhyne Williams Champions Singles Laurynas Grigelis def. Ilija Bozoljac, 6–2, 7–6(7–4) Doubles Carsten Ball / Chris Guccione def. John Paul Fruttero / Raven Klaasen, 7–6(7–5), 6–4 References Official Website External links ITF Search ATP official site Comerica Bank Challenger Nordic Naturals Challenger Com<\|endoftext\|>In 2008 I did all 48 states in 8 days on my 1998 1200 Suzuki Bandit. I used the opportunity to raise money for “Flood” a ministry to homeless people in Bakersfield. What an incredible ministry that has changed the lives of so many homeless folks and gotten them on their feet, knowing Jesus and productive citizens. Below is an outline of what happened on the trip. Mark left from Needles, CA around 4:00 this morning. It was very hot there, however, the rest of the day the weather was perfect. No problems with the motorcycle. GPS has been very helpful. Had a little problem finding a place to get a receipt in Colorado, but God sent a FedEx driver who literally drove 50 or so miles with him to help him find a place to stop and then got him back to the place he started. Had a chance to hand out cards to people along the way and chat with them about Flood. People were very interested. Ran out of gas at a closed gas station near Santa Rosa, New Mexico and had to wait for AAA to come with gas. He will spend the night in Amarillo, TX and is planning to leave around 6:00 in the morning and heading to Hattiesburg, MS. He will have traveled about 19 hours today and around 1065 miles. He wants to try and find a way to make his stops much shorter tomorrow as each stop eats up a lot of time. Continue to pray for stamina and safety. Monday night Mark arrived in Amarillo, TX around 1:30 a.m. He left Tuesday morning around 8:00 a.m. local time. The weather has been hot and humid and he is getting pretty sore at this point from the many hours on the bike. His GPS took him in a circle today which cost him about an hour, but the bike is running fine and he did not have any fuel issues today. He drove by an area in Kansas which was recently destroyed by a tornado and was amazed by the devastation. He is projecting that he will not reach Hattiesburg, MS until well into the wee hours of the morning, but will try to sleep later since getting sleepy on the road has been one of his biggest challenges. By days end he will have traveled about 1100 miles and will have spent 19 to 20 hours on the bike. Please pray that he will get the rest he needs and that the weather will cooperate as he enters into areas where there has been a lot of rain and storms. When Mark stopped for fuel in Pine Bluff, Arkansas he smelled a strange smell only to realize that smoke was coming from his bike. He got off the bike and saw that smoke was billowing out from under his seat. He removed the seat and saw that the bike was on fire. Some wiring he had installed to charge his phone had shorted out and caught fire. He then realized that the seat itself was also on fire so he threw it down and started trying to get the flames out. He was right next to the gas pump and was afraid he was going to cause an explosion. He was able to get everything under control and no damage was done to the running of the bike. Just a small corner of his battery was a little melted. Then at the very next stop in Louisiana, he pulled into the station and had an uneasy feeling as there were quite a few men loitering around the station and it was about 2:00 a.m. A man walked up to him and said, “You have to pay first.” Not wanting to hand him his credit card, Mark took out $20 cash and handed it to the man at which point the man ran off with the money. Mark was going to just get out of there, but the police drove up and he spent a few minutes explaining what happened. They wanted to look for the guy and try to get his money back, but Mark really wanted to get going as he was very tired and still had about an hour and a half of driving before arriving in Hattiesburg. Praise God for keeping him safe in each circumstance. Today was pretty uneventful compared to yesterday. Went (only) 750 miles today and spent 13 1/2 hours on the bike. States he traveled through today are AL, FL, GA, SC, NC, and TN. Weather was hot & humid and he wore the cooling vest that was donated by Cycle Gear which really helped to cut the heat. He did not have any trouble with getting sleepy on the road today which is definitely a praise! A fellow biker from Virginia emailed us to remind him to drink lots of water, more than he thinks he needs. He was grateful for the reminder and could tell a difference today as he drank much more water than he had been previously. Construction along the road slowed him down at times, but no bad traffic and no problems with the bike. He landed in Johnson City, TN for the night at around 1:30 a.m. and is hoping to hit the road around 7:00 or 8:00 in the morning. He lost another hour today due to the time change, so he’s looking forward to gaining time when he heads back west. The prayers of everyone have been very evident and appreciated. Keep them coming! As of now, about 5:30 Pacific Time and 8:30 Eastern Time, Mark was just about to enter Delaware. He is not expecting to reach his hotel in MA until about 3:00 a.m. He will travel about 1070 miles today and about 19 hours on the bike and will have been in 11 states. He got a little turned around in West Virginia and ended up on a dirt road for a couple of miles. He just pretended he was on a dirt bike. The weather was very hot today and again the cooling vest was a life saver. He has been battling sleepiness a lot today, and really needs to get some good rest tonight. Pray for him to get much needed rest and that the weather and 4th of July traffic will not be an issue tomorrow. Mark was unable to make it all the way to Malden, MA last night, so he stopped in New Haven, CT arriving there around 3:30 a.m. The pre-holiday traffic was very heavy and really slowed him down. He is trying to make it to Angola, IN tonight where he will stay with a close friend who has offered to change his oil and filter. He has a hotel near Cleveland just in case he cannot make good time today and needs to stop short again. He may get into some rain along the route today, so pray for saftey and that the weather will not slow him down. He really needs to get to a stop before midnight so he can get more sleep. Mark started out this morning in New Haven, CT at around 8:00 a.m. with a little rainy weather. He had great intentions of making it to Indiana tonight, however, once he got into Maine, he took a couple of bad turns and it cost him about 2 hours. (GPS units are not perfect!) He will be stopping around Erie, PA tonight at a projected time of about 1:00 a.m. The weather for most of the day has been very nice in the 70’s. He said going through Vermont was awesome. It was a beautiful winding road and he got to ride on the sides of his tires for a while through the curves. He has been through 32 states so far. He is in very good spirits and doing very well. Today is Day 6 and Mark’s said it was his favorite day. 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of places that brought back good memories. (Including an Amish buggy and horse along the road.) He didn’t even need his GPS unit today at all. Upon arriving at his destination this evening, he will have traveled about 1000 miles today and around 5800 total miles. He will have touched 38 states so far. He will be spending the night in Luverne, MN not far from where he lived for a short time as a child, and expects to arrive around 2:00 – 2:30 a.m. His favorite familiar face to see today was his son, Kyle in Chicago. He has not seen Kyle since he left to study for a semester in Ireland back in January. They met at what Mark believes must be the largest McDonalds in the world for about 45 minutes, and talked about life, love, and this awesome trip. Mark also wanted to give a shout out to the guy from Maine who helped him get back on track when he got lost and who owns a very unique bike. He cannot describe it online, but you can ask him about it when he gets back. Mark wanted to let everyone know that he has had many hours to pray for Flood and for the many needs they have while riding through this awesome country. If you haven’t taken time to donate yet, please do so. They really need our help, and that’s what this ride is all about. Thanks for all your prayers! Listen to KLOVE Monday morning between 8 and 9 for an “on the road” interview. Mark left Luverne, MN this morning around 9:15 local time. After driving for a couple of hours, he stopped and called in to Calvary Bible Church to say “hello” to the 1st service congregation on speakerphone. At his stop, he talked with a guy named Phil who was very excited to hear about the trip and said he would definitely be donating to Flood. Once he was about 30 – 40 minutes down the road, he realized his wallet was missing and had to turn around and go back. He found the wallet on the side of the road and nothing was missing. A few miles later he stopped and called in to the 2nd service congregation at Calvary. The cheers and encouragement from everyone gave his spirits a big boost. There were a few drops of rain while he was on the phone, but it quickly stopped. The weather was very hot and humid, so at one of his stops, he had taken off his gloves and laid them on top of his bag, only to forget about them. When he went to put them back on, one was missing. He noticed he was getting very low on gas and had not seen any stations. Finally seeing a place to stop, he ran out of gas 3 miles short of the station and coasted to a stop in someone’s driveway in South Dakota. A man named Shawn quickly came outside and asked if he needed help and drove him the 3 miles to a gas station to get gas. Shawn also filled up all of Mark’s water bottles and offered him dinner (which he politely declined for time’s sake). When he was getting ready to leave, Shawn said, “Hey, is that your glove?” His missing glove was hanging under his windshield and had stayed there for 400 miles. By the end of the day he will have traveled 1050 miles and touched 6 states. (IA, NE, SD, ND, WY, & MT) Only 3 more to go! He is planning to land in Billings, MT tonight around 2:00 a.m. Mark said he has not had trouble with getting sleepy today, but his body is exhausted. He is definitely looking forward to getting some sleep and much needed rest on Tuesday. Please keep praying for safety as fatigue is definitely a factor for this last stretch. Thanks to Phil and Shawn for being the men of Day 7. Just before Mark entered into Wyoming, a severe thunderstorm hit with very heavy rains and lots of thunder and lightening. He had to pull into a station to wait for the storm to pass as the lightning was all around him. This is the first time the weather has been an issue and cost him some time. Written by a gentleman that heard about the ride and has been following daily! Ode to the Goal: 48 in 8. Mark takes his bike to the high road. Mark looks ahead and not at the past. He rides for God; he rides his best. He’s moving fast; first East, then West. Pledges were made all for good cause. And with that in mind he takes no pause. His head is down as he slips through space. The motor is steady at a predictable pace. Through the nights and back roads not too fast. He saves his speed for “rest stops” and gas. Remembering still the goal: 48 in 8. And when all is done, he’ll give God the Glory. 48 in 8 is now a reality! At 10:00 PM Pacific time, July 7, 2008 I rode into Pendleton, Oregon safe and sound. 7 Days, 17 hours and 50 min. Murdered 87,535 bugs with my bike, helmet and face. What a trip! I can hardly put into words what just happened these past eight days. I can only say that it is by Gods grace and many people’s prayers that I was able to complete this journey. I saw that we have the most diverse and beautiful country in the world. Wow, we have an awesome Creator. I met some fantastic people along the way that really prove there is still that awesome American spirit. Through all the exhaustion, aches and pains, motorcycle fires, stolen money, near deer misses and even a near pig miss along the road, it has been a pleasure to ride for the cause of FLOOD. What they are doing each and every week to bring hope to the hopeless is a far greater feat than what I have done these past few days. 48 in 8 is over but Floods work is only beginning. Will you pray for them? Will you personally get involved if you are in the Bakersfield area? Will you consider supporting them financially? What I have done these past few days is in the past. What Flood is doing will last for an eternity. What will you do? God bless you and thank you for all your support, prayers, and encouragement. I couldn’t have done it without you.<\|endoftext\|> package io.cdap.plugin.bigquery.stepsdesign; import io.cdap.e2e.pages.actions.CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions; import io.cdap.e2e.pages.actions.CdfStudioActions; import io.cdap.e2e.pages.locators.CdfStudioLocators; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.BigQueryClient; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.ConstantsUtil; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.ElementHelper; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.PluginPropertyUtils; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.SeleniumHelper; import io.cdap.plugin.common.stepsdesign.TestSetupHooks; import io.cdap.plugin.utils.E2EHelper; import io.cdap.plugin.utils.E2ETestConstants; import io.cucumber.java.en.Then; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.junit.Assert; import stepsdesign.BeforeActions; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Optional; import java.util.UUID; /** * BigQuery related common stepDesigns. */ public class BigQueryBase implements E2EHelper { static { SeleniumHelper.getPropertiesLocators(CdfStudioLocators.class); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property reference name") public void enterBigQueryPropertyReferenceName() { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryReferenceName("BQ_Ref_" + UUID.randomUUID()); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property projectId {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyProjectId(String projectId) throws IOException { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterProjectId(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(projectId)); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property datasetProjectId {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyDatasetProjectId(String datasetProjectId) throws IOException { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterDatasetProjectId(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(datasetProjectId)); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property dataset {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyDataset(String dataset) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryDataset(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(dataset)); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property table {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyTable(String table) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryTable(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(table)); } @Then("Enter BiqQuery property encryption key name {string} if cmek is enabled") public void enterBiqQueryPropertyEncryptionKeyNameIfCmekIsEnabled(String cmek) throws IOException	redpajama	[ 273, 5053, 326, 3982, 896, 1175, 12959, 15, 313, 688, 6547, 271, 3052, 763, 7505, 4233, 285, 8815, 2112, 253, 3971, 2698, 754, 1904, 457, 85, 1014, 878, 521, 21303, 3943, 3063, 387, 512, 15, 15797, 20948, 387, 521, 12095, 436, 7237, 13, 344, 588, 452, 19624, 670, 9098, 6574, 3063, 285, 1475, 9135, 361, 2264, 6574, 15, 754, 588, 452, 14435, 6480, 3054, 594, 2080, 15, 754, 588, 320, 9100, 253, 2360, 275, 7511, 332, 570, 13, 26583, 417, 2080, 432, 835, 344, 6940, 323, 247, 2159, 673, 347, 247, 1429, 13, 285, 21973, 281, 12666, 1475, 374, 27, 361, 1108, 374, 27, 1229, 247, 15, 78, 15, 187, 8389, 7583, 7615, 2454, 281, 923, 3063, 369, 521, 3347, 13, 25856, 275, 8068, 15, 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{ String cmekBQ = PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(cmek); if (cmekBQ!= null) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterCmekProperty(cmekBQ); BeforeActions.scenario.write("Entered encryption key name - " + cmekBQ); } } @Then("Close the BigQuery properties") public void closeTheBigQueryProperties() { CdfStudioActions.clickCloseButton(); } @Then("Get count of no of records transferred to target BigQuery Table") public void getCountOfNoOfRecordsTransferredToTargetBigQueryTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { int countRecords = BigQueryClient.countBqQuery(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable); BeforeActions.scenario.write("********No of Records Transferred***************:" + countRecords); Assert.assertEquals("Number of records transferred should be equal to records out ", countRecords, recordOut()); } @Then("Validate records transferred to target table is equal to number of records from source table " + "with filter {string}") public void validateRecordsTransferredToTargetTableIsEqualToNumberOfRecordsFromSourceTableWithFilter(String filter) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String projectId = (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")); String datasetName = (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")); int countRecordsTarget = BigQueryClient.countBqQuery(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable); String selectQuery = "SELECT count() FROM `" + projectId + "." + datasetName + "." + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "` WHERE " + PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(filter); Optional<String> result = BigQueryClient.getSoleQueryResult(selectQuery); int count = result.map(Integer::parseInt).orElse(0); BeforeActions.scenario.write("Number of records transferred with respect to filter:" + count); Assert.assertEquals(count, countRecordsTarget); } @Then("Validate partition date in output partitioned table") public void validatePartitionDateInOutputPartitionedTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { Optional<String> result = BigQueryClient .getSoleQueryResult("SELECT distinct _PARTITIONDATE as pt FROM `" + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")) + "." + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")) + "." + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "` WHERE _PARTITION_LOAD_TIME IS Not NULL ORDER BY _PARTITIONDATE DESC "); String outputDate = StringUtils.EMPTY; if (result.isPresent()) { outputDate = result.get(); } BeforeActions.scenario.write("Partitioned date in output record:" + outputDate); Assert.assertEquals(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date()), outputDate); } @Then("Validate the records are not created in output table") public void validateTheRecordsAreNotCreatedInOutputTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { int countRecords = BigQueryClient.countBqQuery(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable); BeforeActions.scenario.write("********No of Records Transferred****************:" + countRecords); Assert.assertEquals(0, countRecords); } @Then("Validate partitioning is not done on the output table") public void validatePartitioningIsNotDoneOnTheOutputTable() { try { BigQueryClient.getSoleQueryResult("SELECT distinct _PARTITIONDATE as pt FROM `" + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")) + "." + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")) + "." + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "` WHERE _PARTITION_LOAD_TIME IS Not NULL "); } catch (Exception e) { String partitionException = e.toString(); Assert.assertTrue(partitionException.contains("Unrecognized name: _PARTITION_LOAD_TIME")); BeforeActions.scenario.write("Partition Not Created" + partitionException); } } @Then("Enter the BigQuery properties with blank property {string}") public void enterTheBigQueryPropertiesWithBlankProperty(String property) { if (!property.equalsIgnoreCase("referenceName")) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryReferenceName("BQ_" + UUID.randomUUID()); } if (!property.equalsIgnoreCase("dataset")) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryDataset(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")); } if (!property.equalsIgnoreCase("table")) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryTable("dummyTable"); } if (!PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("bqMandatoryProperties").contains(property)) { Assert.fail("Invalid BigQuery mandatory property " + property); } } @Then("Validate the cmek key {string} of target BigQuery table if cmek is enabled") public void validateTheCmekKeyOfTargetBigQueryTableIfCmekIsEnabled(String cmek) throws IOException { String cmekBQ = PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(cmek); if (cmekBQ!= null) { Assert.assertTrue("Cmek key of target BigQuery table should be equal to " + "cmek key provided in config file", BigQueryClient.verifyCmekKey(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable, cmekBQ)); return; } BeforeActions.scenario.write("CMEK not enabled"); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property {string} as macro argument {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyAsMacroArgument(String pluginProperty, String macroArgument) { enterPropertyAsMacroArgument(pluginProperty, macroArgument); } @Then("Enter BigQuery cmek property {string} as macro argument {string} if cmek is enabled") public void enterBigQueryCmekPropertyAsMacroArgumentIfCmekIsEnabled(String pluginProperty, String macroArgument) { String cmekBQ = PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("cmekBQ"); if (cmekBQ!= null) { enterPropertyAsMacroArgument(pluginProperty, macroArgument); return; } BeforeActions.scenario.write("CMEK not enabled"); } @Then("Enter runtime argument value {string} for BigQuery cmek property key {string} if BQ cmek is enabled") public void enterRuntimeArgumentValueForBigQueryCmekPropertyKeyIfBQCmekIsEnabled(String value, String runtimeArgumentKey) { String cmekBQ = PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(value); if (cmekBQ!= null) { ElementHelper.sendKeys(CdfStudioLocators.runtimeArgsValue(runtimeArgumentKey), cmekBQ); BeforeActions.scenario.write("BigQuery encryption key name - " + cmekBQ); return; } BeforeActions.scenario.write("CMEK not enabled"); } @Then("Verify the partition table is created with partitioned on field {string}") public void verifyThePartitionTableIsCreatedWithPartitionedOnField(String partitioningField) throws IOException, InterruptedException { Optional<String> result = BigQueryClient .getSoleQueryResult("SELECT IS_PARTITIONING_COLUMN FROM `" + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")) + "." + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")) + ".INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS` " + "WHERE table_name = '" + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "' and column_name = '" + PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(partitioningField) + "' "); String isPartitioningDoneOnField = StringUtils.EMPTY; if (result.isPresent()) { isPartitioningDoneOnField = result.get(); } BeforeActions.scenario.write("Is Partitioning done on column :" + isPartitioningDoneOnField); Assert.assertEquals("yes", isPartitioningDoneOnField.toLowerCase()); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property temporary bucket name {string}") public void enterBigQuerySinkPropertyTemporaryBucketName(String temporaryBucket) throws IOException {	redpajama	[ 551, 187, 50274, 2776, 260, 1405, 42574, 50, 426, 49366, 8324, 19611, 15, 16895, 21389, 9, 68, 1405, 76, 558, 187, 50274, 338, 313, 68, 1405, 42574, 50, 3613, 3635, 10, 551, 187, 50272, 36, 4989, 5178, 8053, 18401, 40013, 15, 9553, 36, 1405, 76, 8324, 9, 68, 1405, 42574, 50, 558, 187, 50272, 8639, 40013, 15, 1026, 37343, 15, 6343, 1587, 3546, 3606, 24589, 2234, 1416, 428, 346, 559, 260, 1405, 42574, 50, 558, 187, 50274, 94, 187, 50276, 94, 535, 50276, 33, 5872, 1587, 17667, 253, 7967, 8053, 3607, 2807, 187, 50276, 4387, 2991, 2810, 510, 5178, 8053, 18401, 1082, 551, 187, 50274, 36, 4989, 39701, 40013, 15, 9738, 17667, 8880, 1874, 187, 50276, 94, 535, 50276, 33, 5872, 1587, 3633, 1385, 273, 642, 273, 5861, 9495, 281, 2303, 7967, 8053, 5270, 2807, 187, 50276, 4387, 2991, 755, 6878, 4527, 2302, 4527, 48081, 34836, 433, 1992, 12168, 5178, 8053, 3235, 1082, 12326, 33638, 13, 46403, 264, 5330, 551, 187, 50274, 565, 1385, 48081, 426, 7967, 8053, 8975, 15, 5560, 35, 82, 8053, 9, 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CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterTemporaryBucketName(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(temporaryBucket)); } @Then("Verify the BigQuery validation error message for invalid property {string}") public void verifyTheBigQueryValidationErrorMessageForInvalidProperty(String property) { CdfStudioActions.clickValidateButton(); String expectedErrorMessage; if (property.equalsIgnoreCase("gcsChunkSize")) { expectedErrorMessage = PluginPropertyUtils .errorProp(E2ETestConstants.ERROR_MSG_BQ_INCORRECT_CHUNKSIZE); } else if (property.equalsIgnoreCase("bucket")) { expectedErrorMessage = PluginPropertyUtils .errorProp(E2ETestConstants.ERROR_MSG_BQ_INCORRECT_TEMPORARY_BUCKET); } else { expectedErrorMessage = PluginPropertyUtils.errorProp(E2ETestConstants.ERROR_MSG_BQ_INCORRECT_PROPERTY). replaceAll("PROPERTY", property.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + property.substring(1)); } String actualErrorMessage = PluginPropertyUtils.findPropertyErrorElement(property).getText(); Assert.assertEquals(expectedErrorMessage, actualErrorMessage); String actualColor = PluginPropertyUtils.getErrorColor(PluginPropertyUtils.findPropertyErrorElement(property)); String expectedColor = ConstantsUtil.ERROR_MSG_COLOR; Assert.assertEquals(expectedColor, actualColor); } @Then("Validate records transferred to target table is equal to number of records from source table") public void validateRecordsTransferredToTargetTableIsEqualToNumberOfRecordsFromSourceTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { int countRecordsTarget = BigQueryClient.countBqQuery(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable); Optional<String> result = BigQueryClient.getSoleQueryResult("SELECT count(*) FROM `" + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")) + "." + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp ("dataset")) + "." + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "` "); int count = result.map(Integer::parseInt).orElse(0); BeforeActions.scenario.write("Number of records transferred from source table to target table:" + count); Assert.assertEquals(count, countRecordsTarget); } } <\|endoftext\|>We are where necessary a high quality reflection and visualization of results achieved concrete goals. We help to treat objectives, not the problem, and are always open to cooperation worldwide. © 2017 Rhymes Production. All rights reserved.<\|endoftext\|>Q: How to make an error message for each empty form field I am trying to display an error message for each empty field, my problem is that when I submit the form with an empty (one or two) field all the error messages appear. I want only one error message for each empty field to appear, not all of them. HTML : <form action="" id="my-form"> <label for="name"> <input type="text" id="name" name="firstName" placeholder="First Name"> <p class="error-field">First Name cannot be empty</p> </label> <label for="last-name"> <input type="text" id="last-name" name="lastName" placeholder="Last Name"> <p class="error-field">Last Name cannot be empty</p> </label> <label for="email"> <input type="email" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Email Address"> <p class="error-field">Looks like this is not an email</p> </label> <label for="password"> <input type="password" id="password" name="password" placeholder="Password"> <p class="error-field">Password cannot be empty</p> </label> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="form-button">Claim your free trial </button> <p>By clicking the button, you are agreeing to our <a href="" class="terms-conditions-link">Terms and Services</a></p> </form> JavaScript: const submitButton = document.querySelector('.form-button'); const errorField = document.querySelectorAll(".error-field"); const validate = (e) => { e.preventDefault(); const firstName = document.getElementById("name"); const lastName = document.getElementById("last-name"); const email = document.getElementById("email"); const password = document.getElementById("password"); if(firstName.value < 1 ) { errorField.forEach((f) => f.classList.toggle('error-active')); errorField.forEach((c) => c.style.color = "red"); firstName.classList.toggle("invalid"); return false; } if (lastName.value < 1) { errorField.forEach((f) => f.classList.toggle("error-active")); errorField.forEach((c) => (c.style.color = "red")); lastName.classList.toggle("invalid"); return false; } if (email.value < 1) { errorField.forEach((f) => f.classList.toggle("error-active")); errorField.forEach((c) => (c.style.color = "red")); email.classList.toggle("invalid"); return false; } if (password.value < 1) { errorField.forEach((f) => f.classList.toggle("error-active")); errorField.forEach((c) => (c.style.color = "red")); password.classList.toggle("invalid"); return false; } else { password.classList.remove("invalid"); errorField.classList.remove("error-active"); } return true; } submitButton.addEventListener('click', validate); A: I would suggest you to use a form validation JS plugin instead of reinveting the wheel, for example Form Validation Plugin A: You can simplify your code a bit using a class for the inputs, and keeping track of an isValid boolean for the form. You were setting all error-fields with your code. Here, we are able to reference just the error-field that applies using closest() to find the encompassing label, then querySelector to find the error-field el.closest('label').querySelector('.error-field'); const submitButton = document.querySelector('.form-button'); const validate = (e) => { e.preventDefault(); let isValid = true document.querySelectorAll('.validate').forEach(el => { let error = el.closest('label').querySelector('.error-field').classList; if (el.value.trim().length === 0) { isValid = false; error.add('error-active'); el.classList.add('invalid') } else { error.remove('error-active'); el.classList.remove('invalid') } }) return isValid; } submitButton.addEventListener('click', validate); .error-field.error-active, input.invalid{ color: #f00; } <form action="" id="my-form"> <label for="name"> <input type="text" id="name" class='validate' name="firstName" placeholder="First Name"> <p class="error-field">First Name cannot be empty</p> </label> <label for="last-name"> <input type="text" id="last-name" class='validate' name="lastName" placeholder="Last Name"> <p class="error-field">Last Name cannot be empty</p> </label> <label for="email"> <input type="email" id="email" class='validate' name="email" placeholder="Email Address"> <p class="error-field">Looks like this is not an email</p> </label> <label for="password"> <input type="password" id="password" class='validate' name="password" placeholder="Password"> <p class="error-field">Password cannot be empty</p> </label> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="form-button">Claim your free trial </button> <p>By clicking the button, you are agreeing to our <a href="" class="terms-conditions-link">Terms and Services</a></p> </form> A: That's because inside each if statement you are loop	redpajama	[ 36, 4989, 5178, 8053, 18401, 40013, 15, 9553, 9832, 10368, 47773, 2402, 9, 23836, 8324, 19611, 15, 16895, 21389, 9, 5142, 10368, 47773, 4027, 187, 50276, 94, 535, 50276, 33, 5872, 1587, 10754, 1419, 253, 7967, 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(Que notre bouche s’emplisse de joie) (BWV 110) est une cantate religieuse de Jean-Sébastien Bach composée à Leipzig en 1725. Histoire Bach a composé la cantate pour la première journée de Noël 1725 mais on peut supposer qu'elle est le fruit d'une amélioration d'une première cantate de l'époque de Weimar. Pour cette destination liturgique de Noël, cinq autres cantates de Bach nous sont parvenues, numérotées BWV 63, 91, 197a, 248/1 et 191. Les, et de la cantate Unser Mund...sont des citations de la Bible : le Ps 126,2, Jr 10,6, Luc 2:14. Les textes des, et sont de Georg Christian Lehms. Le choral final débute sur le dernier vers du chant Wir Christenleut par Kaspar Füger l'ancien. Structure et instrumentation La cantate est écrite pour une voix de soprano, d'alto, de ténor, et de basse, un chœur à quatre voix, trois trompettes, trois hautbois, deux flûtes traversières, un basson, le quatuor à cordes, deux timbales et la basse continue. L'exécution des 7 mouvements demande de 25 à 27 minutes. Il y a sept mouvements : chœur : Unser Mund sei voll Lachens aria (ténor) : Ihr Gedanken und ihr Sinnen récitatif (basse) : Dir, Herr, ist niemand gleich aria (alto) : Ach Herr! was ist ein Menschenkind duo (soprano, Alto) : Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe aria (basse) : Wacht auf, ihr Adern und ihr Glieder choral : Alleluja! Gelobt sei Gott Musique Bach a retravaillé ses propres compositions pour deux mouvements de cette cantate. Le chœur d’introduction est une adaptation du premier mouvement de sa Suite pour orchestre en ré majeur (BWV 1069). Le duo soprano/ténor Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe est un arrangement du Virga Jesse floruit du Magnificat en mi bémol majeur. La cantate débute par une section pleine de force, le chœur d'ouverture, où tous les instruments sont réunis. La cantate se termine sur un choral de louange au Seigneur qui a accompli de grandes choses pour son peuple. L'aria de ténor fait entendre deux flûtes entrelacées pendant que le soliste décrit une élévation des pensées et des sens, suscitée par la pensée que Dieu fait homme entend que son peuple soit « Himmelskinder » (enfants du ciel). Un récitatif de basse (Toi, Seigneur, ne ressemble à aucun autre) est suivi par un air d'alto (Ach Herr, was ist ein Menschenkind) accompagné de hautbois d'amour qui s'étonne que, du fait de la nature de l'homme, le Seigneur doive chercher à la racheter par une action si douloureuse. Dans le duo Soprano/Alto, les deux voix se développent sur un accompagnement d'orgue seul (avec la basse continue). Elles chantent la gloire de Dieu au plus haut des cieux : l'humanité attend la paix sur Terre, et l'arrivée de l'Enfant est un signe de cette faveur divine. Le choral final rappelle la troisième partie de l'Oratorio de Noël : « Alléluia, Gloire à Dieu du fond de nos cœurs ». Notes et références Bibliographie Gilles Cantagrel, Les cantates de J.-S. Bach, Paris, Fayard,, 1665 p. Article connexe Liste des cantates de Jean Sébastien Bach Liens externes Cantate de Jean-Sébastien Bach Chant de Noël<\|endoftext\|>Agility is an exciting sport that demonstrates the ability of a dog and it’s handler to work as a smoothly functioning team. The dog is directed by its handler to successfully negotiate an obstacle course and requires close teamwork between the two. It tests a person’s skills in training and handling a dog over a timed obstacle course. These obstacles can include jumps, an A-frame, tunnels, chute, dog walk, teeter and weave poles, all put together to make the competition fun and challenging. The main elements of the sport are good sportsmanship and it should be fun for the dog and handler. You can start your puppy right away by teaching basic obedience commands like sit, down, wait and stay. This will help greatly in their agility future, as a good wait on the start line can make or break a successful run. Other skills like focus and side switches can also make a big difference down the road. Familiarization of the different obstacles can also start early, as long as you are in a safe environment, with experienced trainers. A bad scare can really set your puppy’s progress back. Young dogs should avoid stress on their joints until they are old enough that their growth plates have set; so jumping and weaves should come a little later. Most agility organizations require dogs be 18 months of age before completing and require a dog ID number, which can be obtained from the organization. We believe that agility must at all time be a positive learning experience for you and your dog. There’s no room for harsh or negative training in agility!<\|endoftext\|>Hello all! I'm a non-cup user, but I hope to change that soon! I've been looking into menstrual cups for awhile now and have completely fallen in love with the idea of them. I am 15 years old and am going to embark on a 10 month long journey soon. The problem is that it is suggested that I bring my own supply of menstrual products because the same things will not be offered where I am traveling. Hence why I am here! A cup that I cannot not get my eyes off of is the Sckooncup. I know it is relatively new, but I was wondering if I could get some feedback on it. Also, it is just a plus that it is made in the states where I live. I am a little pressed on time. I feel that this cup might work well for me because it is short and my cervix isn't very high during my period. I can reach it with little to no effort. I apologize that this post is all over the place and has no organization what so ever. But if anyone can offer this newbie some advice, insight, or commentary I would greatly appreciate it! Thank you for taking the time to read my post! Thanks I will definitely check the chart out! I had to wait sometime before I could do so though because I needed the measurements. Took forever! I have a dilemma though. My flow can be quite unpredictable. Sometimes it is light and I forget I am even on my period (like this past time) and other times I don't ever want to go anywhere because of it. With that in mind, should I invest in a cup large to hold my heavy flow or possibly 2 different cups (one for lighter days and another for heavy days)? This probably something I should be asking after I start using a menstrual cup, but I like to think ahead. You mentioned that you'll be traveling, so bear in mind that it can take a while for cups to arrive - particularly if you're in the USA and ordering from abroad. There's also (usually) something of a learning curve, so make sure that you're giving yourself plenty of time to 1) get your cup and 2) learn how to use it well. As Juliiie87 mentioned, you kinda can't pick a good cup without knowing where your cervix is. If it's average to high, then maybe start with a larger-capacity cup that fits your dimensions, since that will work regardless of your flow (that's the good thing about cups - you don't HAVE to scale back to a small cup on light flow days like you do with tampons). If your cervix is lower, than really rely on the size charts Juliiie87 linked to see what your short cup options are, and try to find a good balance between length and capacity. It seems that balance is key... The highest I found my cervix to go was about 7 cm and its low was about 4. Luckily, my traveling isn't me moving around continuously for 10 months, but rather me moving to a country and living there for 10 months. So I am not doing a lot of moving around. Do you think there would be any issues with learning while I'm abroad? I doubt I will have enough time at home for the initial learning curve. I think you'll be ok with any of the shortish	redpajama	[ 9, 13561, 37064, 29909, 1962, 256, 457, 12837, 16886, 372, 3371, 466, 10, 313, 35, 34772, 9199, 10, 1144, 6987, 16216, 366, 4607, 466, 2327, 372, 13089, 14, 52, 860, 24785, 1914, 31540, 21515, 7678, 4057, 2070, 47265, 546, 1722, 1099, 15, 187, 187, 41, 28697, 603, 209, 187, 35, 607, 247, 21515, 860, 826, 16216, 366, 6531, 826, 5398, 18127, 7204, 46117, 372, 1621, 10093, 77, 1722, 1099, 11565, 327, 24241, 915, 14356, 572, 8, 4415, 1144, 458, 9279, 277, 8, 2517, 717, 860, 965, 7843, 277, 8, 2517, 5398, 18127, 16216, 366, 372, 298, 8, 860, 5367, 1452, 372, 844, 49414, 15, 187, 187, 47656, 18208, 12095, 6195, 3922, 2271, 372, 1621, 10093, 77, 13, 15573, 82, 43379, 16216, 684, 372, 31540, 13953, 16491, 1061, 1261, 955, 13, 930, 860, 8601, 14330, 378, 34772, 9654, 13, 11583, 13, 25336, 66, 13, 28640, 16, 18, 1162, 27446, 15, 187, 187, 24139, 1157, 50276, 292, 50276, 615, 826, 16216, 366, 914, 2152, 353, 1504, 1051, 84, 834, 711, 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high capacity cups such as large Sckoon, large si-bell/Fleurcup, Rubycup, etc. Cups usually sit (o) around the cervix so that gives you a bit of leeway past the tip of your cervix. The large Fleurcup for instance is known to fit people with a cervix lower than the actual length of it. As long as you can wear a liner or pad for back-up and access a private bathroom with sink twice a day you should be fine. That's the beauty of cups, you're not wasting anything by using a larger cup on a light day! unless your cup is too big/firm for you and you get sore after a while. Hence my love of softer cups. Check out the stiffness chart linked on the sizecharts page too. I most definitely will! This community really is as helpful as it seems. And thank you so much for the tips. I greatly appreciate it! Since you like the Sckoon, how about a large instead of a small? That way you'll have the capacity if you think you'll need it. And width-wise, the couple of mm really don't make a difference. And at 50mm in length, it's nice and short, which you claim to want and need. It's a "new" cup but initial reviews say it's soft and squishy so it's comfy. Therefore it takes a little coaxing to get open but just be patient and you'll figure out a technique that works best for you in no time. It also comes in pretty colors. ;o) Personally, I like light colors because it's easier to see how full the cup is or isn't in the middle of the night in a dark bathroom so that I can gauge when I need to attend to it again. Dark on dark in the dark is hard to see. There are some lighter looking colors. They seem like they might be sort of foggy for looking through though. I was considering a lighter color, I think they look better. Even though most people prefer the bright vibrant ones over the pale subtle ones. You don't need to look through them. My point is that I think it's easier to see the color contrast of dark blood against a light cup. But get what YOU like! That comment made no sense on my part. Please excuse my silly thought. It sort of just popped in my head and I just kept on typing. Sorry about that one! No, it DID make sense. Not silly at all! And I DO look through my cups because I want to see the measuring lines. (I had a bleeding issue and needed to keep track.) But you're right, you don't need to be as exact if you just peek in to figure out when you need to check in on your cup again. For example: "Oh good, looks like things are slowing down." Wow, the trip sounds awesome, where are you going? I agree with everyone else that you don't need to be afraid of a larger cup as long as it's soft (I'm not experienced with the Sckoon myself, but I have a FemmyCycle, which is quite a bit wider than most cups but quite soft)...capacity will be more important anyway if you're doing a lot of running around and sightseeing while you're gone. Welcome and enjoy your trip! Thank you! I plan on studying abroad in China for the upcoming school year. I really like my large Sckoon cup. The rim is slightly thicker than the body but still very flexible (as opposed to a femmecup or ladycup whose rims are noticeably springier/firmer than the body of the cup). It is very comfortable and fairly small for having 30ml capacity. The Sckoon is one of the few cups that hasn't leaked for me. Hope you have a great 10 months and success with your cup experience!<\|endoftext\|>Q: how to remove files from a windows machine without wiping the drive? I would like to make it reasonably difficult to recover files from a windows 8 machine without wiping the drive. I have tried the usual file delete techniques from the specified directories and the recycle bin. Not sure what is next. i.e. is there a tool for this? <\|endoftext\|>\section*{Introduction} \label{intro} Chirped pulse modulation is a widely used technique, with relevant applications in several fields of research, ranging from digital communication \cite{DC} to radar detection \cite{RD}, and from optics \cite{OP} to laser physics. In a broadband laser, frequency chirping is employed to stretch a short pulse prior to amplification. This stretching and the associated lower intensity mitigates the problem of phase distortion in the amplification medium. After pulse amplification, the pulse is recompressed to recover a short duration and, hence, high power \cite{CPA}. A similar method has been proposed \cite{YuPRE, NIMPoletto, NIMFeng} to enhance the power generated by a single-pass seeded free-electron laser (FEL) working in the so-called coherent harmonic generation (CHG) regime \cite{YuPRA}. After amplification and removal of the chirp, one in principle can obtain a high power, nearly Fourier-transform-limited pulse. In this paper, we characterize the performance of a seeded FEL where frequency chirping on the seed laser is instead exploited to generate two independent pulses spectrally and temporally separated in an externally controllable fashion. As previously shown in \cite{PRLDP}, this opens the possibility of using a chirped-seeded FEL as a self-standing source for pump-probe experiments in the vacuum ultraviolet and X-ray spectral domain. The paper is divided into the following parts: in Section \ref{formation} we introduce the principle upon which a CHG FEL is based, with specific reference to the case of the FERMI@Elettra FEL \cite{NaturePhot}. We then qualitatively describe the formation of the double spectral peak, when the seed laser carries a linear frequency chirp. In Section \ref{description}, we give a description of the effects due to both a laser frequency chirp and an electron beam energy chirp. Then in Section \ref{experiment}, we present the results obtained on the FERMI@Elettra FEL and, in Section \ref{simulations}, compare them to numerical simulations. Finally, we summarize our conclusions and provide some perspectives for future experimental studies. \section{Formation of the spectral double peak} \label{formation} A CHG FEL such as FERMI@Elettra typically employs a layout similar to that shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_FERMI}. A relativistic electron beam first propagates through the periodic field generated by an undulator, called the modulator, simultaneously interacting with a powerful coherent light source (e.g., a low-order harmonic of a Ti:Sapphire laser). This interaction coherently modulates the electron energy which then leads to a longitudinally-regular charge distribution after the electrons pass through a chromatically-dispersive magnet. Such a spatial modulation, called bunching, has nonzero spectral components at both the seed wavelength and at its higher harmonics. After the dispersive section, electron beam enters one or more additional undulators (called the radiators), whose normalized magnetic deflection parameters $K$ are tuned for fundamental FEL resonance to occur at an integral harmonic of the seed wavelength: \begin{equation} \label{resonance} \lambda_n=\frac{\lambda_u}{2 n \gamma^2}\, (1+\frac{K^2}{2}). \end{equation} Here $\lambda_u$ is the undulator period, $n$ the harmonic order and $\gamma$ is the relativistic Lorentz factor characterizing the mean energy of the electron beam. The resultant FEL radiation, which is highly temporally coherent due to the periodic bunching, can undergo quadratic (low-gain regime) or exponential (high-gain regime) amplification. For a sufficiently long radiator, the FEL process will reach saturation. The main parameters of the FERMI@Elettra configuration relevant for our experimental studies are listed in Table \ref{Table_FEL1_parameters} and its caption. One should note that on FERMI@Elettra the seed pulses are much shorter than the electron beam. This is a critical point both for the spectral quality of the FEL emission and the spectro-temporal pulse-splitting phenomenon. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[trim = 0mm 60mm 0mm 50mm, clip=true, width=0.9\textwidth]{Figure_FERMI} \caption{Schematic layout of the CHG configuration of FERMI@Elettra (see text for details on the FEL process). The output light is separated downstream the FEL line by a grazing-incidence mirror. The fraction corresponding to zeroth order of diffraction ($\ge 95\%$ of the total) is sent to experimental user beamlines, whereas the much weaker, first order component is sent to an online diagnostic spectrometer where it strikes a YAG:Ce crystal, whose visible fluorescence is then measured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) \cite{PADRES1,PADRES2}. The spectrometer resolution is about $1.4\,$meV per CCD pixel.} \label{Figure_FERMI} \end{figure} \begin{table}[!h] \centering \small \begin{tabular}{ccc	redpajama	[ 1029, 5350, 15107, 824, 347, 1781, 322, 777, 3508, 13, 1781, 4927, 14, 10910, 16, 39, 282, 321, 6837, 13, 21521, 6837, 13, 3966, 15, 330, 8777, 3798, 1790, 313, 80, 10, 1475, 253, 15380, 895, 594, 326, 4245, 368, 247, 2372, 273, 458, 999, 333, 2469, 253, 9092, 273, 634, 15380, 895, 15, 380, 1781, 17436, 321, 6837, 323, 4227, 310, 1929, 281, 4944, 952, 342, 247, 15380, 895, 2406, 685, 253, 4588, 2978, 273, 352, 15, 1284, 1048, 347, 368, 476, 8251, 247, 36654, 390, 13229, 323, 896, 14, 484, 285, 2289, 247, 3055, 15336, 342, 16338, 7019, 247, 1388, 368, 943, 320, 4030, 15, 187, 2773, 434, 253, 10763, 273, 15107, 13, 368, 1472, 417, 31160, 2712, 407, 970, 247, 4067, 5500, 327, 247, 1708, 1388, 2, 5734, 634, 5500, 310, 1512, 1943, 16, 49053, 323, 368, 285, 368, 755, 25132, 846, 247, 1223, 15, 7757, 619, 2389, 273, 44108, 15107, 15, 9423, 562, 253, 26370, 8326, 7939, 327, 253, 1979, 45945, 3239, 1512, 15, 187, 42, 954, 7964, 588, 2, 831, 3114, 1663, 310, 347, 9371, 347, 352, 3133, 15, 1244, 5717, 368, 594, 1199, 323, 253, 12192, 15, 309, 10260, 11435, 352, 2, 187, 7542, 368, 751, 253, 322, 777, 3508, 13, 849, 670, 247, 1781, 3185, 273, 247, 1355, 32, 2064, 1039, 368, 1833, 452, 253, 5350, 604, 368, 1158, 368, 1833, 878, 352, 15, 1244, 4871, 14, 3020, 13, 253, 4564, 273, 5823, 1663, 1053, 626, 1056, 247, 3064, 15, 1244, 387, 2456, 2188, 275, 2978, 13, 352, 434, 5322, 285, 2159, 13, 534, 368, 1750, 281, 971, 285, 878, 15, 187, 1147, 434, 247, 346, 1826, 3, 5500, 533, 3302, 10123, 1333, 352, 434, 2602, 285, 3896, 763, 90, 594, 352, 434, 389, 31296, 15, 3813, 352, 3936, 247, 1652, 820, 991, 272, 281, 755, 1527, 533, 816, 320, 3110, 285, 368, 1833, 4677, 562, 247, 5853, 326, 2987, 1682, 323, 368, 275, 642, 673, 15, 187, 1147, 671, 3249, 275, 3965, 9830, 15, 3706, 80, 10, 49920, 13, 309, 751, 1708, 9830, 984, 352, 434, 6927, 281, 923, 849, 2120, 253, 5500, 310, 390, 3548, 626, 275, 253, 4766, 273, 253, 2360, 275, 247, 3644, 15336, 594, 326, 309, 476, 11206, 672, 309, 878, 281, 8041, 281, 352, 969, 15, 14182, 327, 3644, 275, 253, 3644, 310, 1892, 281, 923, 15, 187, 2512, 403, 690, 21259, 2819, 9830, 15, 1583, 1646, 751, 597, 1537, 320, 3686, 273, 23010, 4233, 323, 2819, 949, 2167, 15, 309, 369, 7296, 247, 21259, 3295, 13, 309, 1158, 597, 1007, 1805, 15, 4952, 2167, 954, 952, 4510, 253, 6627, 31764, 4394, 689, 253, 14530, 16105, 4394, 15, 187, 1394, 1053, 626, 878, 281, 1007, 949, 731, 15, 2752, 1127, 310, 326, 309, 1158, 352, 434, 6927, 281, 923, 253, 3295, 4499, 273, 3644, 2614, 1411, 247, 1708, 5500, 15, 1292, 755, 752, 8702, 751, 2, 187, 2773, 4385, 1160, 642, 3282, 327, 619, 629, 15, 7764, 16267, 619, 19456, 1869, 15, 733, 3686, 273, 816, 32773, 275, 619, 1481, 285, 309, 816, 4934, 327, 23629, 15, 26070, 670, 326, 581, 2, 187, 2302, 13, 352, 41718, 1056, 3282, 15, 3105, 19456, 387, 512, 2, 1244, 309, 7953, 1007, 949, 619, 15107, 984, 309, 971, 281, 923, 253, 10499, 3104, 15, 313, 42, 574, 247, 14771, 2523, 285, 3058, 281, 1978, 3540, 2698, 1292, 368, 1472, 987, 13, 368, 1053, 626, 878, 281, 320, 347, 3242, 604, 368, 816, 36811, 275, 281, 4677, 562, 672, 368, 878, 281, 2451, 275, 327, 634, 5500, 969, 15, 1198, 1650, 27, 346, 4013, 1175, 13, 4453, 751, 1841, 403, 32103, 1066, 449, 187, 24243, 13, 253, 7408, 7835, 13103, 13, 835, 403, 368, 1469, 32, 309, 5194, 342, 4130, 2010, 326, 368, 1053, 626, 878, 281, 320, 9202, 273, 247, 4067, 5500, 347, 1048, 347, 352, 434, 2602, 313, 42, 1353, 417, 7407, 342, 253, 322, 777, 3508, 4266, 13, 533, 309, 452, 247, 43299, 2577, 36, 21724, 13, 534, 310, 3240, 247, 2372, 14200, 685, 954, 15107, 533, 3240, 2602, 41605, 37473, 588, 320, 625, 1774, 8791, 604, 368, 1472, 2509, 247, 2257, 273, 3515, 1475, 285, 8184, 30546, 1223, 368, 1472, 4783, 15, 28980, 285, 4264, 634, 7408, 2, 187, 8398, 368, 2, 309, 2098, 327, 12392, 17195, 275, 4135, 323, 253, 15146, 2143, 807, 15, 187, 42, 1663, 751, 619, 1781, 322, 777, 3508, 5500, 15, 380, 22083, 310, 5777, 36651, 685, 253, 2133, 533, 1335, 1077, 12112, 313, 284, 10066, 281, 247, 3427, 78, 886, 484, 390, 10692, 6837, 3692, 391, 14381, 403, 4366, 1598, 7203, 1321, 16, 71, 343, 961, 685, 253, 2133, 273, 253, 5500, 481, 733, 310, 1077, 9848, 285, 9648, 1355, 323, 1907, 1884, 1686, 5350, 15, 380, 322, 777, 3508, 310, 581, 273, 253, 1643, 15107, 326, 11210, 626, 31347, 323, 479, 15, 187, 24004, 368, 452, 247, 1270, 884, 2607, 285, 2323, 342, 634, 5500, 2793, 2, 50279, 50, 27, 849, 281, 5386, 4367, 432, 247, 8323, 5145, 1293, 46945, 253, 4446, 32, 309, 651, 751, 281, 1056, 352, 12054, 2834, 281, 9295, 4367, 432, 247, 8323, 854, 5145, 1293, 46945, 253, 4446, 15, 309, 452, 3597, 253, 7312, 1873, 11352, 5609, 432, 253, 7616, 33266, 285, 253, 761, 21724, 10269, 15, 3105, 2119, 752, 310, 1735, 15, 891, 15, 70, 15, 310, 627, 247, 4968, 323, 436, 32, 187, 50279, 61, 4674, 29468, 14214, 94, 187, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 35322, 94, 535, 187, 1779, 343, 9357, 10724, 15673, 310, 247, 7561, 908, 5853, 13, 342, 4623, 4893, 275, 2067, 4910, 273, 2561, 13, 12319, 432, 5865, 5511, 393, 41766, 92, 9151, 94, 281, 22013, 5481, 393, 41766, 92, 19000, 2023, 285, 432, 35353, 393, 41766, 92, 2795, 94, 281, 8166, 12057, 15, 496, 247, 31170, 8166, 13, 4294, 36494, 14650, 310, 7091, 281, 13726, 247, 2159, 10724, 2720, 281, 17442, 15, 831, 23148, 285, 253, 2330, 2406, 7133, 4784, 304, 684, 253, 1895, 273, 3408, 22841, 275, 253, 17442, 4646, 15, 2732, 10724, 17442, 13, 253, 10724, 310, 294, 3118, 2079, 281, 9295, 247, 2159, 7467, 285, 13, 7613, 13, 1029, 1612, 393, 41766, 92, 36, 4899, 7165, 329, 2074, 1332, 556, 644, 4081, 393, 41766, 92, 42039, 14364, 13, 427, 2894, 8816, 1059, 936, 13, 427, 2894, 39, 1205, 94, 281, 7278, 253, 1612, 4561, 407, 247, 2014, 14, 5858, 27677, 1959, 14, 30083, 8166, 313, 39, 3887, 10, 2444, 275, 253, 594, 14, 8890, 18893, 23007, 5978, 313, 2775, 40, 10, 9459, 393, 41766, 92, 42039, 3175, 34, 7165, 50276, 187, 4553, 17442, 285, 8570, 273, 253, 36494, 81, 13, 581, 275, 8063, 476, 4044, 247, 1029, 1612, 13, 4829, 18368, 14, 16702, 14, 15870, 10724, 15, 50276, 535, 187, 688, 436, 2929, 13, 359, 17710, 253, 3045, 273, 247, 27677, 401, 3887, 835, 4294, 36494, 14650, 327, 253, 8357, 8166, 310, 3185, 28734, 281, 6635, 767, 3907, 20205, 2812, 83, 595, 285, 5897, 595, 9070, 275, 271, 37372, 3661, 494, 8142, 15, 1284, 3786, 2011, 275, 393, 41766, 92, 49255, 9308, 2023, 436, 13279, 253, 6387, 273, 970, 247, 36494, 9357, 14, 339, 16533, 401, 3887, 347, 247, 1881, 14, 6924, 2603, 323, 8670, 14, 32373, 4679, 275, 253, 12124, 31763, 285, 1594, 14, 1402, 9879, 5028, 15, 50272, 187, 187, 510, 2929, 310, 4272, 715, 253, 1563, 4243, 27, 275, 5238, 393, 709, 92, 1248, 94, 187, 664, 9569, 253, 8063, 2220, 534, 247, 5642, 40, 401, 3887, 310, 1754, 13, 342, 2173, 3806, 281, 253, 1083, 273, 253, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 401, 3887, 393, 41766, 92, 38603, 25414, 7165, 844, 840, 36143, 6266, 253, 4702, 273, 253, 4021, 9879, 5241, 13, 672, 253, 8357, 8166, 15814, 247, 4872, 4294, 36494, 81, 15, 496, 5238, 393, 709, 92, 10008, 2023, 359, 1918, 247, 5740, 273, 253, 2538, 1955, 281, 1097, 247, 8166, 4294, 36494, 81, 285, 271, 6488, 8325, 2341, 36494, 81, 15, 2635, 275, 5238, 393, 709, 92, 16217, 2092, 2023, 359, 1246, 253, 1543, 2797, 327, 253, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 401, 3887, 285, 13, 275, 5238, 393, 709, 92, 3549, 3339, 2023, 7277, 731, 281, 10704, 9938, 15, 6610, 13, 359, 26799, 776, 11815, 285, 2085, 690, 24302, 323, 2852, 5661, 2175, 15, 15267, 187, 61, 4674, 92, 5232, 318, 273, 253, 9879, 4021, 5241, 94, 187, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 1248, 94, 187, 187, 34, 5642, 40, 401, 3887, 824, 347, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 5431, 27532, 247, 12806, 2074, 281, 326, 2011, 275, 2667, 15, 393, 709, 92, 2841, 64, 38064, 6402, 7165, 329, 29100, 6488, 8325, 806, 8641, 684, 949, 253, 15316, 1673, 4561, 407, 271, 3807, 11699, 13, 1925, 253, 46097, 13, 10486, 18745, 342, 247, 6422, 18893, 1708, 2603, 313, 70, 15, 72, 904, 247, 1698, 14, 2621, 23007, 273, 247, 15984, 27, 52, 1212, 11094, 8166, 481, 209, 187, 1552, 5016, 18893, 314, 49630, 253, 6488, 2341, 534, 840, 5644, 281, 247, 1048, 7128, 3341, 14, 12846, 4179, 3268, 846, 253, 14465, 1509, 949, 247, 5937, 5372, 14, 3431, 5726, 422, 10973, 15, 6102, 247, 8820, 15673, 13, 1925, 12190, 272, 13, 556, 28078, 9879, 4295, 387, 1097, 253, 8357, 11225, 285, 387, 697, 2169, 23284, 982, 15, 187, 4553, 253, 15218, 422, 2593, 13, 6488, 8325, 19413, 581, 390, 625, 3081, 3807, 28457, 313, 8890, 253, 8188, 2392, 582, 3692, 12650, 5212, 43293, 3602, 370, 44, 5, 403, 24251, 323, 7936, 401, 3887, 12549, 281, 2826, 387, 271, 9909, 23007, 273, 253, 8357, 11225, 27, 209, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 373, 47872, 94, 187, 61, 2260, 64, 79, 2029, 1124, 464, 2260, 64, 86, 1217, 19, 295, 393, 2733, 63, 19, 8633, 313, 18, 2766, 1124, 92, 44, 63, 19, 1217, 19, 38331, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 4943, 669, 2260, 64, 86, 5, 310, 253, 3807, 11699, 2180, 13, 370, 79, 5, 253, 23007, 1340, 285, 669, 2733, 5, 310, 253, 29100, 29602, 2803, 39330, 253, 1599, 2341, 273, 253, 6488, 8325, 15, 187, 187, 510, 29395, 401, 3887, 7742, 13, 534, 310, 4122, 5897, 595, 18893, 1955, 281, 253, 15316, 12190, 272, 13, 476, 15080, 21396, 313, 676, 14, 41394, 9459, 10, 390, 17619, 313, 8656, 14, 41394, 9459, 10, 17442, 15, 1198, 247, 10481, 1048, 8188, 1080, 13, 253, 401, 3887, 1232, 588, 3986, 22185, 15, 187, 510, 2022, 3602, 273, 253, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 6661, 4623, 323, 776, 5661, 2175, 403, 7117, 275, 5270, 393, 709, 92, 3235, 64, 39, 3887, 18, 64, 22041, 94, 285, 697, 11743, 15, 187, 4041, 943, 3877, 326, 327, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 253, 8357, 20205, 403, 1199, 12217, 685, 253, 6488, 8325, 15, 187, 1552, 310, 247, 4619, 1127, 1097, 323, 253, 9879, 3290, 273, 253, 401, 3887, 8295, 285, 253, 2812, 287, 14, 46258, 10724, 14, 23336, 2835, 11562, 15, 2490, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 13206, 11326, 2, 73, 62, 187, 61, 1154, 2158, 187, 61, 249, 741, 909, 1354, 982, 60, 24716, 426, 470, 2188, 3925, 2188, 470, 2188, 2456, 2188, 13, 17230, 30, 5672, 13, 4871, 30, 17, 15, 26, 61, 35673, 1019, 2841, 64, 38064, 6402, 94, 187, 61, 34480, 92, 52, 10398, 1420, 12806, 273, 253, 5642, 40, 6661, 273, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 313, 2887, 2505, 323, 4278, 327, 253, 401, 3887, 1232, 481, 380, 3453, 1708, 310, 9070, 15450, 253, 401, 3887, 1386, 407, 247, 42351, 14, 1763, 1435, 11472, 15, 380, 6919, 3969, 281, 1182, 254, 837, 1340, 273, 25505, 11443, 463, 5325, 27212, 273, 253, 2264, 10, 310, 2197, 281, 5661, 2608, 8325, 8737, 13, 5727, 253, 1199, 21076, 13, 806, 1340, 4445, 310, 2197, 281, 271, 3909, 10401, 36254, 835, 352, 18200, 247, 714, 2696, 27, 27681, 9266, 13, 3692, 7985, 11348, 310, 840, 4080, 407, 247, 4179, 14, 40952, 2813, 313, 2648, 37, 10, 393, 41766, 92, 41420, 13045, 18, 13, 41420, 13045, 19, 7165, 380, 36254, 6064, 310, 670, 370, 18, 15, 21, 46986, 1405, 55, 591, 33169, 12275, 35918, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 2841, 64, 38064, 6402, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 13206, 94, 535, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 2420, 11326, 2, 73, 62, 187, 61, 1154, 2158, 209, 187, 61, 6795, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 8476, 792, 1217, 28716 ]
} \hline\hline Electron beam & Mean energy & $\approx 1\,$GeV \\ & Peak current & $\approx 300\,$A \\ & Duration (FWHM) & $1.5\,$ps \\ \hline Seed & Central wavelength & $261\,$nm\\ & Temporal profile & Gaussian \\ & Duration (FWHM) & $ \approx 200\,$fs \\ & Energy & $10 - 150\,\mu$J \\ & Transverse size (RMS) & $\approx 350 \,\mu$m \\ \hline Modulator & Period & $100\,$mm\\ & Number of periods & $32$\\ \hline Dispersive section & $R_{56} $ & $20 - 50\,\mu$m \\ \hline Radiators & Number & 2 \\ & Harmonic order $n$ & 6 \\ & Period & $55\,$mm \\ & Number of periods & $44$\\ \hline\hline \end{tabular} \caption{Parameters of FERMI@Elettra relevant for the experiments reported in this paper. The seed transverse size is defined as the standard deviation of the transverse intensity distribution measured at the modulator entrance. The $R_{56}$ parameter is the momentum compaction factor characterizing the strength of the dispersive section \cite{YuPRA}. The undulators were set so as to generate circularly polarized FEL radiation, with a typical energy/pulse of $20\,\mu$J.} \label{Table_FEL1_parameters} \end {table} \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[trim = 0mm 2mm 0mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.7\textwidth]{Figure_double_peak_principle_new} \caption{Sketch of the seed-electrons interaction and resulting FEL (temporal and spectral) outputs for different seed configurations: no chirp and moderate seed intensity (a), no chirp and high seed intensity (b), chirped seed with high intensity (c). In (a), the optimum seed-electrons interaction occurs around the center of the seed pulse so that the FEL output mimics the shape of the seed. In (b), the FEL pulse temporally splits in two because the seed power is too high in the middle of the pulse: a beating between the two sub-pulses involves a frequency modulation but the spectrum remains centered on a single peak at the harmonic $n$ of the constant seed frequency $\omega_0$. In (c), the chirp of the seed combined with the temporal pulse splitting leads to the creation of two separated spectral peaks corresponding to the harmonics of the frequencies $\omega_0'$ and $\omega_0''$ at the respective position of each sub-pulse.} \label{Figure_double_peak_principle} \end{figure} As shown in Fig.~\ref{Figure_double_peak_principle}a, under conditions of moderate seed power and a temporally flat (i.e, both in energy and current) electron beam, the spectro-temporal properties of CHG mimic those of the seed \cite{PRLSR, NaturePhot}: starting with a Gaussian seed pulse with a given duration and wavelength $\lambda$, one ends up with an output Gaussian CHG pulse at wavelength $\lambda_n$ with slightly shorter duration\cite{Stupakov}. However, this statement (which, in the temporal domain, is mainly a prediction of numerical simulations, due to the lack of temporal diagnostics in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral range), is true only under certain limits and depends on the regime of operation of the FEL. Indeed, when increasing the seed power, the temporal edges of the seed pulse are also able to produce strong bunching at entrance to the radiator so that a larger part of the electron beam emits intense FEL radiation, giving a longer FEL pulse. For very high seed powers, the electron-beam energy modulation at the peak of the seed (i.e., the central position for a Gaussian) becomes too strong for the particular $R_{56}$ value characterizing the strength of the dispersive section. Then there is an overbunching effect and the resultant bunching in the radiator is strongly depressed. Thus, the FEL emission from this central position falls. On the other hand, there are two temporal positions with lower seed power, symmetric with respect to the peak of the seed, that match the optimum bunching condition for a given $R_{56}$. Accordingly, the FEL signal grows and reaches the maximum intensity in these regions. This scenario is represented in Fig. \ref{Figure_double_peak_principle}b. For a sufficiently strong seed intensity, the FEL power at the central position almost vanishes and two successive pulses appear, as previously described in \cite{Labat}. This phenomenon becomes particularly interesting if the seed is chirped i.e., if its frequency depends on the longitudinal position. As shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_double_peak_principle}c, in this situation the split temporal pulses have also different frequencies. In other words, two independent pulses with two different frequencies are created \cite{PRLDP}. Two-colour pulse generation by a seeded FEL was observed for the first time \cite{talkAllaria} early in 2011 during the commissioning of FERMI@Elettra. A typical measurement of the FEL spectrum as a function of the seed power is shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_fork_seed_experiment}. By increasing the seed energy, the portion of electrons getting over-bunched increases, leading to a larger separation of the spectral peaks. As shown in the figure insets, the two-colour spectra are very stable on a shot-to-shot basis with very good repeatability. We obtained very similar pulse-splitting results by increasing the strength of the dispersive section while keeping the seed power constant (this is illustrated later in Fig. \ref{Figure_R56_experiment}). \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \resizebox{0.8\textwidth}{!}{\includegraphics{Figure_fork_seed_experiment}} \caption{Experimental characterization of the spectral separation between FEL peaks, as a function of seed energy per pulse. The insets show the spectrum of fifty consecutive shots, integrated at the positions indicated by the arrows on the projected figure (higher part).} \label{Figure_fork_seed_experiment} \end{figure} The spectro-temporal properties of the FEL emission are also affected by the quality of the electron beam. In particular, effects due to an energy chirp (i.e., the mean electron energy varies with longitudinal position) can couple with those from the frequency chirp carried by the seed laser. This interplay may have an impact on the process of formation of the two peaks, as well as on their spectral and temporal separations. In order to better explain the process of production of the double peak, we will now provide a description of the seed laser and electron beam chirps, with particular reference to the case of FERMI@Elettra. \section{Description of seed and electron beam chirps} \label{description} \subsection*{Seed pulse: frequency chirp} The seed pulse used at FERMI@Elettra is the third harmonic of a Ti:Sapphire laser; both the temporal and spectral profiles are well fit by a Gaussian dependence \cite{seedFERMI}. The presence of a linear frequency chirp can be modelled by a quadratic term in the phase of the laser electric field: \begin{equation} \label{Efield_t} E(t) = A(t) e^{i(\omega_0 t + \Gamma_i t^2)}. \end{equation} Here A(t) stands for the temporal envelope while the exponential term carries the phase of the oscillations, including the rapidly-oscillating term at the central angular frequency $\omega_0$ and the quadratic term $\Gamma_i t^2$. The parameter $\Gamma_i$ is given by: \begin{equation} \label{gamma} \Gamma_i = \pm\frac{1}{4\sigma_t^2}\sqrt{4\sigma_t^2 \sigma_{\omega}^2-1}, \end{equation} $\sigma_t$ and $\sigma_{\omega}$ being the standard deviations of the temporal intensity profile and the spectrum, respectively. The sign of $\Gamma_i$ corresponds to the sign of the induced frequency dispersion. In the setup adopted at FERMI@Elettra, the frequency dispersion of the seed pulse may be controlled in three different (but eventually combined) ways: (1) by propagation of the seed through different materials; (2) by passage through a dedicated set of gratings; and (3) by increasing the seed intensity, which causes self-phase modulation \cite{Diels}. It is worth noting that in the presence of self-phase modulation, the chirp cannot be considered as being linear at or near the edges of the pulse. Moreover, the self-modulation process is associated with a spectral broadening. This broadening has been measured and taken into account in the present study. We also note that, for the experiments reported in this paper, the Gaussian shape of the pulse is preserved over the full range of seed energies. The instantaneous frequency of the pulse is the	redpajama	[ 94, 187, 61, 39891, 61, 39891, 187, 21749, 1406, 8325, 708, 9601, 2341, 708, 669, 9887, 337, 46986, 27704, 3202, 187, 7, 24515, 1655, 708, 669, 9887, 7469, 46986, 34, 3202, 187, 7, 42334, 313, 39, 45127, 10, 708, 370, 18, 15, 22, 46986, 793, 3202, 187, 61, 39891, 187, 3251, 264, 708, 8170, 11225, 708, 370, 26560, 46986, 10602, 3353, 187, 7, 8582, 23702, 6222, 708, 14299, 3202, 187, 7, 42334, 313, 39, 45127, 10, 708, 370, 393, 9887, 1052, 46986, 3671, 3202, 187, 7, 11669, 708, 370, 740, 428, 7783, 12577, 1906, 5, 43, 3202, 187, 7, 4480, 3025, 1979, 313, 51, 3338, 10, 708, 669, 9887, 16176, 28247, 1906, 5, 78, 3202, 187, 61, 39891, 187, 4120, 11699, 708, 25792, 708, 370, 2313, 46986, 2188, 3353, 187, 7, 11057, 273, 9894, 708, 370, 1237, 1202, 61, 187, 61, 39891, 209, 187, 6744, 5726, 422, 2593, 708, 370, 51, 578, 3208, 94, 370, 708, 370, 938, 428, 2456, 12577, 1906, 5, 78, 3202, 209, 187, 61, 39891, 187, 51, 11282, 2392, 708, 11057, 708, 374, 3202, 187, 7, 29442, 5120, 1340, 370, 79, 5, 708, 721, 3202, 187, 7, 25792, 708, 370, 2417, 46986, 2188, 3202, 187, 7, 11057, 273, 9894, 708, 370, 2031, 1202, 61, 187, 61, 39891, 61, 39891, 187, 61, 423, 92, 8476, 792, 94, 187, 61, 34480, 92, 17986, 273, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 4623, 323, 253, 4679, 2361, 275, 436, 2929, 15, 187, 510, 8357, 17430, 1979, 310, 2931, 347, 253, 2629, 11254, 273, 253, 17430, 7133, 3268, 4080, 387, 253, 46097, 13032, 15, 380, 370, 51, 578, 3208, 724, 4764, 310, 253, 10254, 509, 1913, 2803, 39330, 253, 4757, 273, 253, 15218, 422, 2593, 393, 41766, 92, 42039, 3175, 34, 7165, 380, 3807, 28457, 497, 873, 594, 347, 281, 6635, 13765, 314, 25865, 401, 3887, 7742, 13, 342, 247, 6867, 2341, 16, 48241, 273, 50276, 5, 938, 12577, 1906, 5, 43, 35918, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 3235, 64, 39, 3887, 18, 64, 22041, 94, 187, 61, 423, 551, 2420, 94, 15267, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 13206, 11326, 2, 73, 62, 187, 61, 1154, 2158, 187, 61, 249, 741, 909, 1354, 982, 60, 24716, 426, 470, 2188, 374, 2188, 470, 2188, 470, 2188, 13, 17230, 30, 5672, 13, 4871, 30, 17, 15, 24, 61, 35673, 1019, 2841, 64, 12237, 64, 27183, 64, 26985, 2113, 64, 1826, 94, 187, 61, 34480, 92, 52, 48411, 273, 253, 8357, 14, 13467, 9036, 5016, 285, 4795, 401, 3887, 313, 46258, 285, 9879, 10, 18012, 323, 1027, 8357, 16012, 27, 642, 36494, 81, 285, 10290, 8357, 7133, 313, 66, 582, 642, 36494, 81, 285, 1029, 8357, 7133, 313, 67, 582, 36494, 9357, 8357, 342, 1029, 7133, 313, 68, 481, 496, 313, 66, 582, 253, 24571, 8357, 14, 13467, 9036, 5016, 6634, 1475, 253, 4055, 273, 253, 8357, 10724, 594, 326, 253, 401, 3887, 3453, 43341, 253, 5281, 273, 253, 8357, 15, 496, 313, 67, 582, 253, 401, 3887, 10724, 5897, 595, 36509, 275, 767, 984, 253, 8357, 1612, 310, 1512, 1029, 275, 253, 4766, 273, 253, 10724, 27, 247, 18019, 875, 253, 767, 749, 14, 81, 42443, 8687, 247, 4294, 15673, 533, 253, 6637, 4558, 18932, 327, 247, 2014, 5241, 387, 253, 23007, 370, 79, 5, 273, 253, 3638, 8357, 4294, 669, 3151, 64, 17, 1352, 496, 313, 68, 582, 253, 36494, 81, 273, 253, 8357, 5678, 342, 253, 11935, 10724, 19860, 5644, 281, 253, 8869, 273, 767, 9070, 9879, 13596, 3969, 281, 253, 23284, 982, 273, 253, 11383, 669, 3151, 64, 17, 9805, 285, 669, 3151, 64, 17, 42308, 387, 253, 9056, 1899, 273, 1016, 749, 14, 48241, 35918, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 2841, 64, 12237, 64, 27183, 64, 26985, 2113, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 13206, 94, 535, 187, 1909, 2011, 275, 2667, 15, 18078, 709, 92, 2841, 64, 12237, 64, 27183, 64, 26985, 2113, 94, 66, 13, 762, 2515, 273, 10290, 8357, 1612, 285, 247, 5897, 595, 6507, 313, 74, 15, 70, 13, 1097, 275, 2341, 285, 1655, 10, 6488, 8325, 13, 253, 2812, 287, 14, 46258, 3607, 273, 5642, 40, 25066, 1110, 273, 253, 8357, 393, 41766, 92, 49255, 7611, 13, 13375, 25414, 17168, 4983, 342, 247, 14299, 8357, 10724, 342, 247, 1677, 7467, 285, 11225, 669, 2260, 1366, 581, 7637, 598, 342, 271, 3453, 14299, 5642, 40, 10724, 387, 11225, 669, 2260, 64, 79, 5, 342, 5777, 12217, 7467, 61, 41766, 92, 998, 484, 28101, 94, 964, 50270, 187, 6436, 13, 436, 3908, 313, 4609, 13, 275, 253, 11935, 5028, 13, 310, 7194, 247, 10554, 273, 10704, 9938, 13, 1955, 281, 253, 3480, 273, 11935, 39266, 275, 253, 12124, 14, 503, 28797, 9879, 2491, 582, 310, 2032, 760, 762, 2176, 7787, 285, 7024, 327, 253, 9459, 273, 4254, 273, 253, 401, 3887, 15, 187, 24804, 13, 672, 3629, 253, 8357, 1612, 13, 253, 11935, 9297, 273, 253, 8357, 10724, 403, 671, 2104, 281, 4711, 2266, 12190, 272, 387, 13032, 281, 253, 8188, 1080, 594, 326, 247, 4067, 629, 273, 253, 6488, 8325, 802, 953, 12680, 401, 3887, 7742, 13, 4933, 247, 3356, 401, 3887, 10724, 15, 209, 187, 2214, 1077, 1029, 8357, 9136, 13, 253, 6488, 14, 33312, 2341, 15673, 387, 253, 5241, 273, 253, 8357, 313, 74, 15, 70, 904, 253, 4275, 1899, 323, 247, 14299, 10, 4916, 1512, 2266, 323, 253, 1798, 370, 51, 578, 3208, 724, 1318, 39330, 253, 4757, 273, 253, 15218, 422, 2593, 15, 2635, 627, 310, 271, 689, 67, 3204, 272, 1055, 285, 253, 29395, 12190, 272, 275, 253, 8188, 1080, 310, 7052, 23201, 15, 3308, 13, 253, 401, 3887, 8295, 432, 436, 4275, 1899, 11521, 15, 209, 187, 2374, 253, 643, 1133, 13, 627, 403, 767, 11935, 6887, 342, 2406, 8357, 1612, 13, 13123, 342, 1675, 281, 253, 5241, 273, 253, 8357, 13, 50276, 3529, 3761, 253, 24571, 12190, 272, 1617, 323, 247, 1677, 370, 51, 578, 3208, 3363, 209, 187, 23135, 13, 253, 401, 3887, 2625, 17202, 285, 14190, 253, 4869, 7133, 275, 841, 4811, 15, 831, 10076, 310, 6607, 275, 2667, 15, 393, 709, 92, 2841, 64, 12237, 64, 27183, 64, 26985, 2113, 94, 67, 15, 1198, 247, 10481, 2266, 8357, 7133, 13, 253, 401, 3887, 1612, 387, 253, 4275, 1899, 2761, 27309, 285, 767, 20946, 20205, 3176, 13, 347, 3786, 2529, 275, 393, 41766, 92, 21663, 255, 7165, 187, 1552, 11562, 4916, 3782, 4722, 604, 253, 8357, 310, 36494, 9357, 891, 15, 70, 904, 604, 697, 4294, 7024, 327, 253, 14854, 1899, 15, 1284, 2011, 275, 2667, 15, 393, 709, 92, 2841, 64, 12237, 64, 27183, 64, 26985, 2113, 94, 68, 13, 275, 436, 4112, 253, 8085, 11935, 20205, 452, 671, 1027, 11383, 15, 496, 643, 3000, 13, 767, 3907, 20205, 342, 767, 1027, 11383, 403, 3562, 393, 41766, 92, 49255, 9308, 7165, 2490, 187, 7910, 14, 45883, 10724, 5978, 407, 247, 27677, 401, 3887, 369, 2540, 323, 253, 806, 673, 393, 41766, 92, 26209, 3074, 8125, 94, 2393, 275, 4332, 1309, 253, 8119, 272, 273, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 15, 329, 6867, 6814, 273, 253, 401, 3887, 6637, 347, 247, 1159, 273, 253, 8357, 1612, 310, 2011, 275, 2667, 15, 393, 709, 92, 2841, 64, 43491, 64, 24270, 64, 16217, 2092, 7165, 2896, 3629, 253, 8357, 2341, 13, 253, 5110, 273, 14465, 2970, 689, 14, 67, 43157, 5459, 13, 4283, 281, 247, 4067, 9712, 273, 253, 9879, 13596, 15, 1284, 2011, 275, 253, 4677, 275, 19598, 13, 253, 767, 14, 45883, 9408, 50276, 609, 1077, 6474, 327, 247, 5103, 14, 936, 14, 11860, 3720, 342, 1077, 1175, 10280, 1430, 15, 844, 2797, 1077, 2074, 10724, 14, 23336, 2835, 1543, 407, 3629, 253, 4757, 273, 253, 15218, 422, 2593, 1223, 7562, 253, 8357, 1612, 3638, 313, 2520, 310, 12800, 1996, 275, 2667, 15, 393, 709, 92, 2841, 64, 51, 3208, 64, 16217, 2092, 38331, 187, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 13206, 11326, 2, 73, 62, 187, 61, 1154, 2158, 187, 61, 35621, 3364, 92, 17, 15, 25, 61, 35673, 1217, 2, 2704, 249, 741, 909, 1354, 982, 92, 2841, 64, 43491, 64, 24270, 64, 16217, 2092, 599, 187, 61, 34480, 92, 32954, 14846, 273, 253, 9879, 9712, 875, 401, 3887, 13596, 13, 347, 247, 1159, 273, 8357, 2341, 591, 10724, 15, 380, 275, 19598, 921, 253, 6637, 273, 13719, 12640, 13768, 13, 8527, 387, 253, 6887, 4860, 407, 253, 18159, 327, 253, 16589, 4677, 313, 41832, 629, 481, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 2841, 64, 43491, 64, 24270, 64, 16217, 2092, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 13206, 94, 187, 187, 510, 2812, 287, 14, 46258, 3607, 273, 253, 401, 3887, 8295, 403, 671, 5876, 407, 253, 3290, 273, 253, 6488, 8325, 15, 496, 1798, 13, 2538, 1955, 281, 271, 2341, 36494, 81, 313, 74, 15, 70, 904, 253, 1599, 6488, 2341, 16149, 342, 14854, 1899, 10, 476, 4564, 342, 1110, 432, 253, 4294, 36494, 81, 4824, 407, 253, 8357, 8166, 15, 831, 36039, 778, 452, 271, 3486, 327, 253, 1232, 273, 4702, 273, 253, 767, 13596, 13, 347, 973, 347, 327, 616, 9879, 285, 11935, 2533, 569, 15, 209, 187, 688, 1340, 281, 1805, 5513, 253, 1232, 273, 3275, 273, 253, 4021, 5241, 13, 359, 588, 1024, 2085, 247, 5740, 273, 253, 8357, 8166, 285, 6488, 8325, 36494, 793, 13, 342, 1798, 3806, 281, 253, 1083, 273, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 15, 535, 187, 61, 4674, 92, 11185, 273, 8357, 285, 6488, 8325, 36494, 793, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 10008, 94, 187, 187, 61, 2377, 4674, 29468, 3251, 264, 10724, 27, 4294, 36494, 81, 94, 187, 187, 510, 8357, 10724, 908, 387, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 310, 253, 2626, 23007, 273, 247, 15984, 27, 52, 1212, 11094, 8166, 28, 1097, 253, 11935, 285, 9879, 10104, 403, 973, 4944, 407, 247, 14299, 10096, 393, 41766, 92, 24270, 38064, 6402, 7165, 380, 3361, 273, 247, 4872, 4294, 36494, 81, 476, 320, 41329, 407, 247, 21396, 1307, 275, 253, 3408, 273, 253, 8166, 5637, 1673, 27, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 38, 3423, 64, 85, 94, 187, 38, 9, 85, 10, 426, 329, 9, 85, 10, 299, 768, 74, 1035, 3151, 64, 17, 246, 559, 393, 4220, 64, 74, 246, 63, 19, 3117, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 4943, 329, 9, 85, 10, 9572, 323, 253, 11935, 17329, 1223, 253, 17619, 1307, 15814, 253, 3408, 273, 253, 22957, 13, 1690, 253, 9086, 14, 5829, 408, 839, 1307, 387, 253, 4275, 12336, 4294, 669, 3151, 64, 17, 5, 285, 253, 21396, 1307, 669, 4220, 64, 74, 246, 63, 19, 1352, 380, 4764, 669, 4220, 64, 74, 5, 310, 1677, 407, 27, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 2733, 94, 187, 61, 4220, 64, 74, 426, 393, 2617, 61, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 21, 61, 2592, 64, 85, 63, 19, 889, 2609, 92, 21, 61, 2592, 64, 85, 63, 19, 393, 2592, 1126, 3151, 2306, 19, 14, 18, 2023, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 1202, 2592, 64, 85, 5, 285, 669, 2592, 1126, 3151, 724, 50276, 11952, 253, 2629, 21492, 273, 253, 11935, 7133, 6222, 285, 253, 6637, 13, 2975, 15, 380, 861, 273, 669, 4220, 64, 74, 5, 10140, 281, 253, 861, 273, 253, 5802, 4294, 15641, 15, 496, 253, 9978, 8671, 387, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 13, 253, 4294, 15641, 273, 253, 8357, 10724, 778, 320, 6537, 275, 1264, 1027, 313, 2858, 6524, 5678, 10, 4088, 27, 313, 18, 10, 407, 18634, 273, 253, 8357, 949, 50276, 19623, 4753, 28, 313, 19, 10, 407, 10056, 949, 247, 9940, 873, 273, 15556, 723, 28, 285, 313, 20, 10, 407, 3629, 253, 8357, 7133, 13, 534, 5997, 1881, 14, 14213, 15673, 393, 41766, 92, 37, 39837, 7165, 733, 310, 4409, 15806, 326, 275, 253, 3361, 273, 1881, 14, 14213, 15673, 13, 253, 36494, 81, 2550, 320, 2783, 347, 1146, 4872, 387, 390, 2822, 253, 9297, 273, 253, 10724, 15, 5076, 13, 253, 1881, 14, 2307, 1427, 1232, 310, 2330, 342, 247, 9879, 44448, 15, 831, 44448, 556, 644, 4080, 285, 2668, 715, 2395, 275, 253, 1246, 1263, 15, 844, 671, 3877, 326, 13, 323, 253, 4679, 2361, 275, 436, 2929, 13, 253, 14299, 5281, 273, 253, 10724, 310, 15296, 689, 253, 2120, 2491, 273, 8357, 14120, 15, 2490, 187, 510, 35774, 4294, 273, 253, 10724, 310, 253 ]
derivative of the temporal phase (see Eq. \ref{Efield_t}): \begin{equation} \label{frequency} \omega(t) = \omega_0 + 2\Gamma_i t. \end{equation} Positive $\Gamma_i$’s define a positive linear chirp; i.e., smaller frequencies (longer wavelengths) arrive first. On the contrary, negative chirps arise for negative $\Gamma_i$ values. In both cases, two parts of the pulse separated by a duration $\Delta t$ have different frequencies, whose separation is, according to Eq. \ref{frequency}: \begin{equation} \label{dw} \Delta\omega(\Delta t) = 2\Gamma_i\Delta t. \end{equation} For a CHG FEL that operates in the pulse splitting regime, with the radiators tuned at the harmonic $n$ and the two sub-pulses separated by $\Delta t$, we thus expect the frequency separation between the two spectral peaks to be: \begin{equation} \label{dwn} \Delta\omega _n = n\Delta\omega \end{equation} For the sake of convenience, in the reminder of this paper, we will speak in terms of wavelength $\lambda$, instead of angular frequency $\omega$ and will therefore consider $\Delta\lambda _n$ as the spectral separation of the two peaks of the FEL emission. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Figure_seed_data_without_alphabeta} \caption{Evolution of $\Delta\lambda(4\sigma_t)$ as a function of $\sigma_t$ for the following bandwidths of the seed carrying a linear positive chirp: $\sigma_{\lambda}=0.3\,$nm (dashed line) and $\sigma_{\lambda}=0.5\,$nm (full line). These values correspond to limiting cases of accessible Gaussian spectra at FERMI@Elettra. For a negative chirp, one gets the same values of $\Delta\lambda(4\sigma_t)$, but with opposite sign. The $\sigma_t$ corresponding to $\Delta\lambda(4\sigma_t) = 0\,$nm is the (theoretical) duration of a Fourier-transform limited pulse.} \label{Figure_seed_data_without_alphabeta} \end{figure} For a given spectral bandwidth, the presence of chirp in the seed pulse will increase its temporal duration. At two positions separated by $4\sigma_t$ and symmetric with respect to the center of the pulse, the electron bunch experiences $13.5\%$ of the maximum intensity of a Gaussian profile seed. For our seed laser parameters, efficient seeding seems difficult below $10\%$ of the peak intensity, i.e., on the very far edges of the seed pulse. Therefore, we may consider $4\sigma_t$ as the maximum practically achievable $\Delta t$ for a given chirp. Figure \ref{Figure_seed_data_without_alphabeta} displays the evolution of the spectral separation $\Delta \lambda$ between parts of the seed located at a distance $4\sigma_t$, as a function of $\sigma_t$. Two different values of the bandwidth have been considered, corresponding to the two limiting cases at FERMI@Elettra: for a seed energy per pulse below $10\,\mu$J, the spectral bandwidth is close to $\sigma_{\lambda}=0.3\,$nm whereas, for higher energies and thus intensities, nonlinear effects can broaden the spectrum up to $\sigma_{\lambda}=0.5\,$nm. For increasing values of $\sigma_t$ (i.e., for an increasing amount of chirp), $\Delta \lambda$ reaches an asymptotic value. Examining Fig.~\ref{Figure_seed_data_without_alphabeta}, one therefore sees for the case of FERMI@Elettra $\Delta\lambda$ is limited to about $3\,$nm. This information is important because it sets an effective limit to the spectral separation $\Delta\lambda _n$ of the two pulses generated by the FEL. \\ \subsection*{Electron beam: energy chirp} As is now well known for CHG FEL's in which the electron beam acts as an intermediary in carrying the coherent seed signal, temporal variations such as chirps in the energy profile may seriously impact the FEL output emission (see, e.g., \cite{Biedron_Milton_Freund, Shaftan, Fawley_Penn, LutmanGreen, Lutman}). A linear electron beam energy chirp, whose slope will be noted $\chi_{1}$, couples to the total chromatic dispersion of the dispersive section and downstream undulators resulting in a simple shift of the central wavelength of FEL emission \cite{Shaftan}. In principle, any corresponding gain reduction due to this shift can be compensated by either retuning the resonant wavelength of the undulators (see Eq. \ref{resonance}) or by slightly adjusting the seed wavelength. However, a quadratic chirp component $\chi_{2}$ will result in spectral broadening of output emission \cite{Fawley_Penn, Lutman} and, for sufficiently large magnitudes, can also reduce the FEL gain if the broadening becomes a significant fraction of the FEL's gain bandwidth. In principle, here too the effect can be compensated by placing an equal magnitude but negative chirp on the seed pulse \cite{Graves}. In the context of the subject matter of this paper, namely the formation and control of a double spectro-temporal peak, a quadratic electron beam energy chirp can either enhance or reduce the spectral offset between the two peaks and thus must be carefully taken into account. A simple linear and quadratic energy chirp can be modelled as: \begin{equation} \label{energy} E(t) = E_0 + \chi_1 t + \chi_2 t^2. \end{equation} The exact amplitudes of the $\chi_{1}$ and $\chi_{2}$ coefficients at entrance to the FEL depend upon various propagation effects as the electron beam is transported through the linear accelerator (linac). First of all, the radio-frequency (RF) accelerating fields \cite{Wangler} of the successive linac sections (generally phased at or very close to crest) induce a negative quadratic chirp. Second, in order to increase the electron beam current (and thus enhance the FEL emission), the electron bunch is time-compressed. On FERMI@Elettra, this is done by first imposing a positive linear chirp component via phasing of two upstream linac sections off crest, and then by sending the electron beam through a magnetic chicane that converts the linear energy chirp into longitudinal compression. However, this procedure generates an additional negative curvature of the temporal energy profile. In order to linearize the longitudinal electron-beam phase space during the compression (generally necessary to have a relative constant current profile), an X-band, 4th high-harmonic RF cavity \cite{Xband} positioned just upstream of the chicane is run close to negative crest to provide a positive contribution to the $\chi_{2}$ coefficient and compensate the aforementioned negative curvature. Following compression, strong longitudinal wakefields \cite{longwake} in the downstream linac act upon the much higher current electron beam bunch: they induce a chirp that contains both a linear, negative term and a positive curvature component. While the linear $\chi_{1}$ coefficient can be eliminated by slightly dephasing off crest the last couple RF linac sections (at a price of a small reduction in final beam energy), there is no simple way to reduce the quadratic $\chi_{2}$ coefficient and therefore in general the electron beam enters the FEL with a quadratic energy chirp. At FERMI@Elettra, we characterize the electron beam longitudinal phase space at the end of the linac via a diagnostic section composed of an RF deflecting cavity \cite{HERFD} followed by an energy spectrometer. The cavity stretches the beam in the vertical direction, inducing a correlation between the temporal distribution and the vertical displacement. The bending magnet chromatically disperses the electrons in the horizontal plane, making the information about the beam energy profile available along that direction. The beam longitudinal phase space can then be visualized on a fluorescent YAG crystal + CCD camera system placed downstream, as shown in Fig.~\ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement}. This particular $E(t)$ distribution corresponds to the configuration in which most of the results presented in this paper have been obtained. The energy profile is very close to a parabola with a quite small linear component (i.e., \hbox{\, $\chi_{1} \approx 1\,$Mev/ps}) and a much more significant quadratic component with \hbox{$\chi_{2} \approx 7\,$Mev/ps$^{2}$}. In Section~\ref{simulations} we consider the impact of this quadratic component upon double peak formation. As shown in the right panel of Fig.~\ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement}, the current profile is almost flat in the	redpajama	[ 4309, 273, 253, 11935, 3408, 313, 2887, 6354, 15, 393, 709, 92, 38, 3423, 64, 85, 94, 2262, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 18163, 94, 187, 61, 3151, 9, 85, 10, 426, 393, 3151, 64, 17, 559, 374, 61, 4220, 64, 74, 246, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 40385, 669, 4220, 64, 74, 29789, 84, 4853, 247, 2762, 4872, 36494, 81, 28, 891, 15, 70, 904, 4577, 11383, 313, 5056, 254, 25738, 10, 12666, 806, 15, 1623, 253, 10214, 13, 4016, 36494, 793, 12893, 323, 4016, 669, 4220, 64, 74, 5, 2193, 15, 209, 187, 688, 1097, 2219, 13, 767, 4243, 273, 253, 10724, 9070, 407, 247, 7467, 669, 3442, 246, 5, 452, 50276, 19623, 11383, 13, 3692, 9712, 310, 13, 2556, 281, 6354, 15, 393, 709, 92, 18163, 17168, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 23985, 94, 187, 61, 3442, 61, 3151, 1035, 3442, 246, 10, 426, 374, 61, 4220, 64, 74, 61, 3442, 246, 15, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 2214, 247, 5642, 40, 401, 3887, 326, 17209, 275, 253, 10724, 19860, 9459, 13, 342, 253, 8188, 2392, 24251, 387, 253, 23007, 370, 79, 5, 285, 253, 767, 749, 14, 81, 42443, 9070, 407, 669, 3442, 246, 1366, 359, 3021, 1902, 253, 4294, 9712, 875, 253, 767, 9879, 13596, 281, 320, 27, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 69, 939, 94, 187, 61, 3442, 61, 3151, 795, 79, 426, 295, 61, 3442, 61, 3151, 187, 61, 423, 92, 29813, 94, 187, 2214, 253, 13232, 273, 16397, 13, 275, 253, 24388, 273, 436, 2929, 13, 209, 187, 664, 588, 3984, 275, 2426, 273, 11225, 669, 2260, 1366, 3185, 273, 12336, 4294, 669, 3151, 5, 209, 187, 395, 588, 3103, 1908, 669, 3442, 61, 2260, 795, 79, 5, 347, 253, 9879, 9712, 273, 253, 767, 13596, 273, 253, 401, 3887, 8295, 15, 187, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 13206, 11326, 2, 73, 62, 187, 50274, 61, 1154, 2158, 187, 50274, 61, 249, 741, 909, 1354, 982, 60, 3429, 30, 17, 15, 22, 61, 35673, 1019, 2841, 64, 24270, 64, 2203, 64, 14920, 64, 267, 20376, 1464, 94, 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36494, 81, 275, 253, 8357, 10724, 588, 2572, 697, 11935, 7467, 15, 187, 3404, 767, 6887, 9070, 407, 370, 21, 61, 2592, 64, 85, 5, 285, 13123, 342, 1675, 281, 253, 4055, 273, 253, 10724, 13, 253, 6488, 12190, 8450, 370, 1012, 15, 22, 27212, 273, 253, 4869, 7133, 273, 247, 14299, 6222, 8357, 15, 1198, 776, 8357, 8166, 3602, 13, 5919, 396, 7022, 3133, 2834, 2708, 370, 740, 27212, 273, 253, 5241, 7133, 13, 891, 15, 70, 904, 327, 253, 1077, 2080, 9297, 273, 253, 8357, 10724, 15, 209, 187, 17756, 13, 359, 778, 1908, 370, 21, 61, 2592, 64, 85, 5, 347, 253, 4869, 18236, 39941, 669, 3442, 246, 5, 323, 247, 1677, 36494, 81, 15, 187, 2841, 393, 709, 92, 2841, 64, 24270, 64, 2203, 64, 14920, 64, 267, 20376, 1464, 94, 12646, 253, 5606, 273, 253, 9879, 9712, 669, 3442, 393, 2260, 5, 875, 4243, 273, 253, 8357, 4441, 387, 247, 4181, 370, 21, 61, 2592, 64, 85, 1366, 347, 247, 1159, 273, 669, 2592, 64, 85, 1352, 5761, 1027, 2193, 273, 253, 16992, 452, 644, 2783, 13, 3969, 281, 253, 767, 14155, 2219, 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36494, 81, 4445, 3066, 815, 2355, 273, 767, 17934, 19169, 317, 7118, 745, 30402, 13, 285, 840, 407, 10430, 253, 6488, 8325, 949, 247, 5212, 448, 280, 1351, 326, 28472, 253, 4872, 2341, 36494, 81, 715, 14854, 13800, 15, 209, 187, 6436, 13, 436, 5199, 15693, 271, 3081, 4016, 16841, 273, 253, 11935, 2341, 6222, 15, 187, 688, 1340, 281, 4872, 907, 253, 14854, 6488, 14, 33312, 3408, 2317, 1309, 253, 13800, 313, 43786, 3309, 281, 452, 247, 4103, 3638, 1655, 6222, 582, 187, 266, 1594, 14, 4152, 13, 577, 394, 1029, 14, 38474, 15371, 13369, 393, 41766, 92, 57, 4152, 94, 15471, 816, 17934, 273, 253, 448, 280, 1351, 310, 1408, 2810, 281, 4016, 30402, 281, 2085, 247, 2762, 7680, 281, 253, 669, 4635, 578, 19, 724, 10235, 285, 23514, 253, 18979, 4016, 16841, 15, 209, 187, 17588, 13800, 13, 2266, 14854, 11772, 15069, 393, 41766, 92, 5056, 88, 640, 94, 275, 253, 15450, 19169, 317, 769, 2220, 253, 1199, 2169, 1655, 6488, 8325, 12190, 27, 597, 10808, 247, 36494, 81, 326, 4428, 1097, 187, 66, 4872, 13, 4016, 1307, 285, 247, 2762, 16841, 4445, 15, 209, 187, 6175, 253, 4872, 669, 4635, 578, 18, 724, 10235, 476, 320, 17527, 187, 1615, 5777, 372, 545, 2355, 745, 30402, 253, 1390, 4564, 15371, 19169, 317, 7118, 313, 255, 247, 4376, 273, 247, 1355, 5141, 275, 2457, 8325, 2341, 582, 627, 310, 642, 2969, 1039, 281, 4796, 253, 21396, 669, 4635, 578, 19, 724, 10235, 285, 3103, 275, 2087, 253, 6488, 8325, 19413, 253, 401, 3887, 342, 247, 21396, 2341, 36494, 81, 15, 187, 187, 3404, 401, 947, 6402, 33, 38, 1059, 7604, 13, 359, 17710, 253, 6488, 8325, 14854, 187, 14213, 2317, 387, 253, 990, 273, 253, 19169, 317, 3066, 247, 10401, 2593, 187, 681, 7334, 273, 271, 15371, 44013, 272, 13369, 393, 41766, 92, 18449, 10914, 94, 3560, 407, 271, 187, 14115, 36254, 15, 380, 13369, 33902, 253, 8325, 275, 187, 783, 9118, 3884, 13, 24635, 247, 5921, 875, 253, 11935, 187, 35360, 285, 253, 9118, 16837, 15, 380, 23767, 10973, 5937, 5372, 15218, 265, 187, 783, 14465, 275, 253, 11593, 6415, 13, 2403, 253, 1491, 670, 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middle of the bunch, even if a slow ramp towards the tail can be noticed. Experimentally, there is a typical shot-to-shot jitter of $\approx 50\,$fs of the relative electron beam-seed timing. This jitter in conjunction with current inhomogeneities results in a fluctuation of the FEL power, as the seed ``explores'' different temporal portions of the beam. This effect may be relevant for user applications but does not affect the formation of the spectro-temporal double peak. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \subfigure { \includegraphics[trim = 10mm 0mm 15mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.32\textwidth]{Figure_ebeam_pattern} } \subfigure { \includegraphics[trim = 15mm 0mm 15mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.32\textwidth]{Figure_ebeam_energy} } \subfigure { \includegraphics[trim = 15mm 0mm 15mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.30\textwidth]{Figure_ebeam_current} } \caption{Electron beam longitudinal phase space measured at the RF deflector/spectrometer diagnostic end station of the FERMI@Elettra linac. Left: raw CCD spectrometer image; center: energy profile determined from image analysis; right: current profile. Here time \textit{increases} from the beam head to the beam tail.} \label{Figure_ebeam_measurement} \end{figure} We now give a quantitative description of the two-colour emission results at FERMI@Elettra. \section{Experimental results} \label{experiment} \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Figure_delay_experiment} \caption{FEL spectrum at the $6^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($43.5\,$nm), as a function of the relative delay between the seed pulse and the electron beam. At the zero value of the delay, the seed pulse is approximately centered on the bunch of electrons. The dispersive section $R_{56}$ and seed energy were set, respectively, to $23\,\mu$m and $80\,\mu$J; see Table~1 for other parameters.} \label{Figure_delay_experiment} \end{figure} Figure \ref{Figure_delay_experiment} shows the behaviour of the FEL spectrum at the $6^{th}$ harmonic of the seed (43.5 nm) as one sweeps the relative time delay between the seed and the electron beam. To the best of our knowledge, this picture provides the first direct \textit{experimental} evidence of the temporal pulse splitting in an FEL due to local overbunching induced by an intense seed. At a delay $ \approx -0.8\,$ps, the seed is superimposed on the electron beam tail, so that the first peak (at larger wavelength, since the frequency chirp is positive) appears. Then, at a delay $\approx -0.6\,$ps, the whole seed pulse lies on top of sufficiently high current portions of the electron beam and the second peak (at shorter wavelength) also appears. As we remarked in the previous section, a linear energy chirp of the electron energy induces a spectral shift of the FEL emission. Hence, when they appear near the tail portion of the electron beam, both peaks are detuned towards shorter wavelengths because of the strong local negative slope of the electron beam chirp (see Fig. \ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement}). For smaller relative timing delays (i.e., moving the seed from overlapping the tail toward the head of the bunch), the central wavelengths of the two peaks drift redward due to the increase of the value of the local linear chirp of the electron energy distribution. However, the separation between the two spectral peaks ($\Delta\lambda_6 \approx 0.17\,$nm), their relative heights and their respective widths remain practically constant. The wavelength drift flattens out about $100\,$fs before the first spectral peak disappears; this behaviour is mirrored $200\,$fs later in the second peak. This early disappearance might be caused by the small current ramp from the center of the bunch to its tail (see Fig. \ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement}) and/or by degraded transverse properties in this region. In this experiment, the external seed chirp was created both during the propagation through different optical components such as lenses and windows, and by self-phase modulation due to high intensity. We typically measured a seed bandwidth $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.45\,$nm and a duration $\sigma_t \approx 90\,$fs (determined by cross-correlating the seed pulse with an infrared pulse, extracted from the oscillator of the Ti:Sapphire laser chain, whose FWHM duration $\approx 80\,$fs). This gives $\Gamma_i \approx 6.2 \cdot 10^{-5}\,$fs$^{-2}$, leading to the retrieval of the theoretical separation between the two sub-pulses, defined in Section \ref{description}. From Eqs. \ref{dw} and \ref{dwn}, we obtain: \begin{equation} \label{dt} \Delta t = \frac{\Delta\omega}{2\Gamma_i} = \frac{n\pi c}{\Gamma_i\lambda^2} \cdot \Delta\lambda _n, \end{equation} where $c$ is the speed of light. For an harmonic order $n=6$, $\Delta t \approx 230\,$fs (equal to $2.5 \sigma_t$). The accuracy of this result will in principle be affected by the intrinsic chirp induced in the radiation during the FEL process \cite{Wu} and by any quadratic energy chirp on the electron bunch. However, the size of the former is usually quite small relative to other chirps and the contribution of the latter is minor for our conditions, as will be confirmed in Section \ref{simulations}. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \subfigure[] { \includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{Figure_R56_experiment} \label{Figure_R56_experiment} } \subfigure[] { \includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{Figure_chirp_experiment} \label{Figure_chirp_experiment} } \caption{Observed double spectral peaks: (a) for two different strengths of the dispersive section and (b) for two different chirp values of the seed (b), corresponding to the standard positive chirp (``chirp +", $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.45\,$nm and $\sigma_t \approx 90\,$fs with a seed energy of $\approx 70\,\mu$J) and a stronger chirp (``chirp ++", $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.5\,$nm and $\sigma_t \approx 160\,$fs with a seed energy of $\approx 75\,\mu$J) induced by adding a piece of 50-mm thickness of $CaF_2$. For (b), the configuration of the machine was different than the one described in Table \ref{Table_FEL1_parameters}: 6 radiators were used, tuned to the $8^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($32.6\,$nm), $R_{56} = 80~\mu m$ and the electron beam had the following parameters: mean energy $1270\,$MeV, $\chi_1 \approx 8\,$MeV/ps, $\chi_2 \approx 0.3\,$MeV/ps$^2$, FWHM duration $2\,$ps, peak current $\approx 200\,$A.} \label{Figure_peaks_games_experiment} \end{figure} Up to now, we mainly focused on the effect of the seed power upon double spectro-temporal pulse formation. However, other parameters can influence the production and separation of the peaks. One is the strength of the dispersive section, as already discussed in \cite{PRLDP} and experimentally demonstrated here in Fig. \ref{Figure_R56_experiment}. Indeed, the dispersive section has an effect very similar to that of the seed power: the higher its strength, the lower the required seed power to produce a double pulse. Some small differences in the trend may be observed essentially because changing the seed intensity may affect the non-linear optical material dispersion and thus the chirp, while this does not happen when the $R_{56}$ is varied. Similarly, when employing a strong dispersive section, a moderate seed power can be sufficient to increase the peaks separation. Fig. \ref{Figure_chirp_experiment} shows a different way to modify the spectral separation of the two pulses, i.e., by changing the seed chirp. However, increasing the seed chirp above a given limit does not produce any significant change in the FEL spectrum. This can be expected from the limitation of $\Delta\lambda$ shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_seed_data_	redpajama	[ 4766, 273, 253, 12190, 13, 1014, 604, 247, 3468, 18556, 4404, 253, 8105, 476, 320, 8344, 15, 187, 18139, 2092, 595, 13, 627, 310, 247, 6867, 5103, 14, 936, 14, 11860, 480, 4069, 273, 669, 9887, 2456, 46986, 3671, 273, 253, 4103, 6488, 8325, 14, 24270, 11795, 15, 831, 480, 4069, 275, 17385, 342, 1655, 34951, 6679, 1005, 1543, 275, 247, 31608, 273, 253, 401, 3887, 1612, 13, 347, 253, 8357, 20890, 15083, 2324, 6267, 1027, 11935, 11821, 273, 253, 8325, 15, 209, 187, 1552, 1055, 778, 320, 4623, 323, 2608, 4893, 533, 1057, 417, 2818, 253, 4702, 273, 253, 2812, 287, 14, 46258, 4021, 5241, 15, 2490, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 13206, 11326, 2, 73, 62, 187, 50274, 61, 1154, 2158, 187, 50274, 61, 2377, 13206, 187, 50274, 92, 187, 50270, 61, 249, 741, 909, 1354, 982, 60, 24716, 426, 884, 2188, 470, 2188, 1458, 2188, 470, 2188, 13, 17230, 30, 5672, 13, 4871, 30, 17, 15, 1237, 61, 35673, 1019, 2841, 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without_alphabeta}. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figure_detuning_experiment} \caption{Double peak for different tuning conditions of the radiators. The seed was in its standard configuration so that $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.45\,$nm and $\sigma_t \approx 90\,$fs with an energy per pulse of $\approx 70\,\mu$J. The configuration of the rest of the machine was different than the one described in Table \ref{Table_FEL1_parameters}: 6 radiators were used, tuned to the $8^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($32.6\,$nm), $R_{56} = 60\,\mu$m and the electron beam had the following parameters: mean energy $1175\,$MeV, $\chi_1 \approx 0\,$MeV/ps, $\chi_2 \approx 10\,$MeV/ps$^2$, FWHM duration $0.8\,$ps, peak current $\approx 600\,$A.} \label{Figure_detuning_experiment} \end{figure} Also the relative heights of the peaks can be easily controlled, favouring the growth of one over the other, by tuning the wavelength corresponding to FEL resonance of the undulators. The spectrum represented by the dotted line in Fig. \ref{Figure_detuning_experiment} corresponds to a central tuning of the undulators. The data represented by the solid line were taken at slightly negative detuning; while both peaks can be seen, the one at shorter wavelength is significantly stronger. The dashed curve shows a situation where the detuning is positive, for which the peak of the gain curve has moved to longer wavelengths. Here the shorter wavelength pulse has been almost completely suppressed. \section{Simulations} \label{simulations} The formation of the double peak is well reproduced by simulations \cite{PRLDP} carried out using both 3D \cite{genesis} and 1D numerical codes \cite{perseo}. Figure \ref{Figure_fork_seed_exp_vs_Perseo} shows a comparison of the spectral pulse splitting between the experimental data and 1D Perseo code simulations. As it can be seen, the agreement is very satisfactory. Note that in the simulations, the relative power before splitting is slightly higher than the one measured experimentally. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \subfigure[experiment] { \includegraphics[trim = 20mm 0mm 20mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.45\textwidth]{Figure_fork_seed_cut_exp_spectrum_surf} \label{Figure_fork_seed_cut_exp_spectrum} } \subfigure[simulations] { \includegraphics[trim = 20mm 0mm 20mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.45\textwidth]{Figure_fork_seed_cut_Perseo_spectrum_surf} \label{Figure_fork_seed_cut_Perseo_spectrum} } \caption{Comparison of the spectral splitting observed experimentally (a) and reproduced by simulations (b) using the code Perseo. For simulations, the following parameters were used for the electron beam: $\chi_{1} = 1\,$MeV/ps, $\chi_{2} = 7\,$MeV/ps$^{2}$, normalized transverse emittance $1\,$mm-mrad, relative energy spread $0.01\%$, peak current $300\,$A. For each value of the seed energy, the bandwidth and the duration of the seed pulse were determined from interpolation of experimental values, growing linearly from $\sigma_{\lambda} = 0.35\,$nm to $\sigma_{\lambda} = 0.45\,$nm and from $\sigma_t = 70\,$fs to $\sigma_t = 90\,$fs as the seed energy increased from $10\,\mu$J to $100\,\mu$J. For other parameters, please refer to Table \ref{Table_FEL1_parameters}.} \label{Figure_fork_seed_exp_vs_Perseo} \end{figure} Let us now focus on one single measurement. Figure \ref{Figure_output_Perseo} shows the predicted spectrum and temporal profiles, obtained for simulation parameters that allow a good reproduction of the dashed-line spectrum reported in Fig. \ref{Figure_R56_experiment}. The simulations have been carried out both for an ideal (i.e., flat in current and in energy) electron beam (dashed line), and the ``real'' electron-beam energy distribution shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement} (solid line). As shown in the left panel of Fig. \ref{Figure_output_Perseo}, the positions of the spectral peaks are similar for the two cases: a slight reduction of the pulse separation on the order of $0.01\,$nm can be observed in the ``real" case. Such a small contribution may be neglected in our conditions and, in any case, the double peak formation is not affected. Moreover, if we calculate using Eq. \ref{dt} the theoretical separation between the two sub-pulses in the spectrum represented in Fig. \ref{Figure_R56_experiment}, we find $\Delta t = 198\,$fs. This is close to the value found in the simulation (right panel of Fig. \ref{Figure_output_Perseo}), that is $\Delta t = 186\,$fs. Therefore, we claim that the agreement between theoretical, experimental and numerical studies can be considered as very satisfactory. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Figure_output_Perseo} \caption{Predicted FEL spectral and temporal profiles obtained using the the numerical code Perseo, for the following parameters: seed bandwidth $\sigma_{\lambda} = 0.47\,$nm, duration $\sigma_t = 93\,$fs, energy $70\,\mu$J and central wavelength $261.1\,$nm; $R_{56}= 20\,\mu$m; electron beam peak current $300\,$A, normalized transverse emittance $1\,$mm-mrad and relative energy spread $0.01\%$; undulators tuned to the $6^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($43.5\,$nm). The dashed line represents the results obtained using an ideal, constant current, chirpless electron beam. The solid line shows simulation results for an electron beam with a current profile corresponding to Fig.~\ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement} and energy chirps of $1\,$MeV/ps (linear) and $7\,$MeV/ps$^2$ (quadratic).} \label{Figure_output_Perseo} \end{figure} For this set of data, the spectral peaks have similar bandwidths $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.028~nm$, and the temporal pulses have similar durations, i.e., $\sigma_t \approx 30~fs$. According to these numbers, the duration of each sub-pulse is $\approx 1.6$ times greater than the Fourier-transform limit for a Gaussian spectrum. The distance from the Fourier-transform limit can be further reduced, e.g. by tuning the chirp of the seed laser. Since the seed and thus the FEL pulses are chirped, one could have expected a significant negative impact on the time-bandwidth product of each sub-pulse. However, this is not the case since each peak is quite narrow, and therefore barely sees the phase curvature of the seed electric field. Moreover, this also indicates that the phase of FEL pulses does not present high-order distortions. Before concluding, let us consider a situation where the quadratic chirp of the electron beam is no longer negligible. We carried out simulations with same parameters as before for several values of quadratic chirp, but without any linear component (i.e., $\chi_1=0\,$MeV/ps$^2$). In Fig. \ref{Figure_quadratic_energy_chirp_Perseo}, we see that the value of $\chi_2$ has almost no effect on the temporal shape of the FEL emission but that, as already stated in Section \ref{description}, the individual bandwidths and separation of the two spectral peaks are directly affected. Consequently, a quadratic energy chirp of the electron beam acts on the spectrum in a very similar way as does a linear chirp of the seed laser, and thus both may be used individually or in conjunction to modulate the spectral shape of the FEL emission. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{Figure_quadratic_energy_chirp_Perseo} \caption{Comparison of the outputs of simulations carried out with the numerical code Perseo for different values of the quadratic chirp of the electrons (left: spectrum; right: temporal intensity), for the following parameters: seed bandwidth $\sigma_{\lambda} = 0.47\,$nm, duration $\sigma_t = 93\,$fs, energy $70\,\mu$J and central wavelength $261.1\,$nm; $R_{56}= 20\,\mu$m; undulators	redpajama	[ 14920, 64, 267, 20376, 1464, 7165, 2490, 187, 61, 2043, 92, 13206, 11326, 2, 73, 62, 187, 61, 1154, 2158, 187, 61, 249, 741, 909, 1354, 982, 60, 3429, 30, 17, 15, 20, 61, 35673, 1019, 2841, 64, 5992, 25004, 64, 16217, 2092, 94, 187, 61, 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tuned to the $6^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($43.5\,$nm); electron beam peak current $300\,$A, normalized transverse emittance $1\,$mm-mrad, relative energy spread $0.01\%$ and no linear chirp component. Solid line: $\chi_2=-10\,$MeV/ps$^2$; dashed line: $\chi_2=10\,$MeV/ps$^2$; dotted line: $\chi_2=50\,$Mev/ps$^2$.} \label{Figure_quadratic_energy_chirp_Perseo} \end{figure} \section{Conclusion} \label{conclusion} We studied the mechanism leading to the generation of two spectrally- and temporally-separated radiation pulses for a seeded, harmonic upshift free-electron laser operating in the extreme ultra-violet spectral region. This mechanism, discovered and studied in detail at the FERMI@Elettra FEL facility, relies on the use of a high-power chirped seed pulse to produce strong, coherent overbunching in an electron beam; the presence of the chirp is the key element to producing a spectral splitting between the two temporal pulses. By changing either the seed laser power or the strength of the dispersive section, we demonstrated excellent control of both the temporal distance and the spectral separation between the generated pulses. We also found that for our particular operation regime, the onset of the pulse splitting and the control of the pulses properties are only slightly affected by temporal variations in electron beam properties such as the current. Quadratic energy chirps do affect the spectral bandwidths and separation between the two pulses, but have negligible effect on their temporal separations. In the limit that radiation/electron beam slippage effects are small, the temporal separation between pulses can be directly retrieved from the measurement of the FEL spectrum and from the knowledge of the seed chirp properties. Such information can be extremely important when exploiting this two-pulse configuration to carry out jitter-free, pump-probe user experiments. \section{Acknowledgements} We gratefully acknowledge the valuable contribution of the FERMI@Elettra commissioning and operations team. We also profited from insightful discussions with F. Bencivenga, C. Callegari, F. Capotondi and M. Labat. This work was funded by the FERMI@Elettra project of Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, partially supported by the Ministry of University and Research under grant numbers FIRB-RBAP045JF2 and FIRB-RBAP06AWK3. The work of B. Mahieu, G. De Ninno and D. Gauthier has been partially supported by the CITIUS project, funded by the Program for cross-border cooperation Italy-Slovenia 2007-2013. <\|endoftext\|>The Macintosh Way was the first book written by former Apple evangelist Guy Kawasaki. Subtitled "the art of guerrilla management", the book focused on technology marketing and management and includes many anecdotes culled from Kawasaki's experience during the early development of the Macintosh. The author wrote of the book on his website: "This book was my first child. I wrote it because I was bursting with idealistic and pure notions about how a company can change the world, and I wanted to spread the gospel." He re-acquired rights to it after it had gone out of print and released it online as a free download. The book features a foreword by Jean-Louis Gassée. Chapter listing First Blood Macintosh Days Environment Great Products Support Marketing User Groups Evangelism To Market, To Market The Printed Word Working with the Mothership How to Give Good Demo Presentation Manager Trade Show Mavenship How to Drive your (MS-DOS) Competitors Crazy The Macintosh Guide to Dating and Marriage Sayonara External links The Macintosh Way at Guy Kawasaki's site 1990 non-fiction books Organizational culture Books by computer and internet entrepreneurs Books about Apple Inc.<\|endoftext\|>Q: how to control on the position of toolbar Item in SWT? I have 3 ToolItem : text, item1, item2 I want that text item will be align to the left and item 1 and item 2 will be align to the right for example text item1,item2 This is the code ToolBar treeToolBar = new ToolBar(treeComposite, SWT.NONE); filterText = new Text(treeToolBar, SWT.BORDER); ToolItem textItem = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.SEPARATOR); textItem.setControl(filterText); textItem.setWidth(filterText.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT, true).x); Item1 = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.PUSH \| SWT.RIGHT); item2 = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.PUSH \| SWT.RIGHT); A: If you just want item1 and item2 somewhere in the middle, add a new item with style SWT.SEPARATOR and set the desired width to offset the two items. If you really want the two items to be at the right side of the toolbar, you have to compute dynamically the size of that separator. Basically you subtract from the size of the toolbar the size of the three items (one text and two push items). Here is a complete snippet where the text is aligned to the left and the buttons to the right. The toolbar.pack() call is necessary to compute also the space used between the items and the trimming. We have to take that also into account. public static void main(String[] args) { final Display display = new Display(); final Shell shell = new Shell(display); shell.setLayout(new FillLayout()); final Composite treeComposite = new Composite(shell, SWT.NONE); treeComposite.setLayout(new GridLayout()); final ToolBar treeToolBar = new ToolBar(treeComposite, SWT.NONE); treeToolBar.setLayoutData(new GridData(SWT.FILL, SWT.FILL, true, false)); final Text filterText = new Text(treeToolBar, SWT.BORDER); final ToolItem textItem = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.SEPARATOR); textItem.setControl(filterText); textItem.setWidth(filterText.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT, true).x); final ToolItem separator = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.SEPARATOR); separator.setWidth(0); final ToolItem item1 = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.PUSH \| SWT.RIGHT); item1.setImage(display.getSystemImage(SWT.ICON_WORKING)); final ToolItem item2 = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.PUSH \| SWT.RIGHT); item2.setImage(display.getSystemImage(SWT.ICON_QUESTION)); treeToolBar.pack(); final int trimSize = treeToolBar.getSize().x - textItem.getWidth() - item1.getWidth() - item2.getWidth(); treeToolBar.addListener(SWT.Resize, new Listener() { @Override public void handleEvent(Event event) { final int toolbarWidth = treeToolBar.getSize().x; final int itemsWidth = textItem.getWidth() + item1.getWidth() + item2.getWidth(); final int separatorWidth = toolbarWidth - itemsWidth - trimSize; separator.setWidth(separatorWidth); } }); shell.open(); while (!shell.isDisposed()) { if (!display.readAndDispatch()) { display.sleep(); } } display.dispose(); } <\|endoftext\|>O Koreanosaurus (que significa "lagarto coreano") é o nome informal dado a um gênero de dinossauro terópode dromeosaurídeo que viveu em meados do período Cretáceo, há 110 e 100 milhões de anos entre o Aptiano e o Albiano, na Coreia do Sul. Por algum tempo foi referido como um Tyrannosauridae e Hypsilophodontidae. Com base em um fêmur solitário, a espécie tipo foi nomeada por Kim em 1979, que em 1993 decidiu incluí-lo como uma nova espécie do gênero. Deinonychus, o D. koreanensis. Foi relatada a presença de um quarto trocânter, que o distanciaria do Deinonychus e, possivelmente, da família Dromaeosauridae, embora isso não seja confirmado. Também já foi	redpajama	[ 24251, 281, 253, 370, 23, 768, 394, 724, 23007, 273, 253, 8357, 4816, 3079, 15, 22, 46986, 10602, 558, 6488, 8325, 5241, 1655, 370, 7554, 46986, 34, 13, 12650, 17430, 802, 770, 593, 370, 18, 46986, 2188, 14, 78, 4614, 13, 4103, 2341, 5195, 370, 17, 15, 520, 27212, 285, 642, 4872, 36494, 81, 4445, 15, 209, 187, 49474, 1386, 27, 669, 4635, 64, 19, 11468, 740, 46986, 42058, 16, 793, 18333, 19, 16446, 17889, 1386, 27, 669, 4635, 64, 19, 30, 740, 46986, 42058, 16, 793, 18333, 19, 16446, 209, 187, 46774, 1386, 27, 669, 4635, 64, 19, 30, 1235, 46986, 46, 1173, 16, 793, 18333, 19, 5, 964, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 2841, 64, 3362, 83, 1420, 64, 14115, 64, 348, 343, 81, 64, 6052, 339, 80, 94, 187, 61, 423, 92, 13206, 94, 535, 187, 61, 4674, 29468, 18786, 94, 187, 61, 1968, 92, 585, 3444, 94, 187, 187, 1231, 5421, 253, 5122, 4283, 281, 253, 5978, 273, 767, 2812, 83, 595, 14, 285, 5897, 595, 14, 49741, 7742, 20205, 323, 247, 27677, 13, 23007, 598, 11551, 1959, 14, 30083, 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<?php /** * Service definition for AbusiveExperienceReport (v1). * * <p> * Views Abusive Experience Report data, and gets a list of sites that have a * significant number of abusive experiences.</p> * * <p> * For more information about this service, see the API * <a href="https://developers.google.com/abusive-experience-report/" target="_blank">Documentation</a> * </p> * * @author Google, Inc. / class Google_Service_AbusiveExperienceReport extends Google_Service { /* Test scope for access to the Zoo service. / const XAPI_ZOO = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/xapi.zoo"; public $sites; public $violatingSites; /* * Constructs the internal representation of the AbusiveExperienceReport * service. * * @param Google_Client $client / public function __construct(Google_Client $client) { parent::__construct($client); $this->rootUrl = 'https://abusiveexperiencereport.googleapis.com/'; $this->servicePath = ''; $this->batchPath = 'batch'; $this->version = 'v1'; $this->serviceName = 'abusiveexperiencereport'; $this->sites = new Google_Service_AbusiveExperienceReport_Resource_Sites( $this, $this->serviceName, 'sites', array( 'methods' => array( 'get' => array( 'path' => 'v1/{+name}', 'httpMethod' => 'GET', 'parameters' => array( 'name' => array( 'location' => 'path', 'type' =>'string', 'required' => true, ), ), ), ) ) ); $this->violatingSites = new Google_Service_AbusiveExperienceReport_Resource_ViolatingSites( $this, $this->serviceName, 'violatingSites', array( 'methods' => array( 'list' => array( 'path' => 'v1/violatingSites', 'httpMethod' => 'GET', 'parameters' => array(), ), ) ) ); } } <\|endoftext\|>Q: Implicit Pointer-To-Const-T conversion I was wondering if the implicit conversion to a pointer to a const data type is somewhere defined in the C11 standard: T x; const T p = &x; A pointer to an object of type T is implicitly converted into a pointer to an object of type const T. Is this implicit conversion somewhere defined in the C11 standard? (I know that it makes sense to allow this and how useful it is. I'm just curious to know where it is defined in the standard) Furthermore, is an implicit conversion from type T to const T forbidden according to C11? T p; const T pp = &p; This is a well known problematic part and therefore GCC and LLVM/clang raise a warning. Still I'm wondering if this is allowed according to the C11 standard or not. I only found in §6.5.16.1P6 a comment that this should be a constraint violation. However, I do not see which constraint should be violated. Again I know that this should be prohibited and that this implicit conversion can lead to subtle problems. I'm just curious to know if this is (un)defined behaviour according to C11. Again, my two questions are not about if this is good or not (which is answered multiple times here) but how/where the C11 standard defines this. Just for the sake of completeness here is a link to why the second example is problematic: http://c-faq.com/ansi/constmismatch.html A: A pointer to an object of type T is implicitely converted into a pointer to an object of type const-T. Is this implicit conversion somewhere defined in the C11 standard? Yes. This implicit conversion is mandated by the standard. Paragraph 3 of section 6.5.4 Cast Operators says that Conversions that involve pointers, other than where permitted by the constraints of 6.5.16.1, shall be specified by means of an explicit cast. and the referenced 6.5.16.1 under point 3 says: the left operand has atomic, qualified, or unqualified pointer type, and (considering the type the left operand would have after lvalue conversion) both operands are pointers to qualified or unqualified versions of compatible types, and the type pointed to by the left has all the qualifiers of the type pointed to by the right; Therefore the implicit conversion for const T p = &x; holds because you're only adding qualifiers, not removing them. const T *pp = &p; doesn't fall under this, so you need an explicit cast (C++ would allow const Tconst*pp = &p; (the second const is needed) but C still wouldn't.) The pointer conversion through an explicit cast isn't a problem as far as UB is concerned as long as the alignments match (which for pointers to differently qualified types they will) because 6.3.2.3p7 guarantees that: A pointer to an object type may be converted to a pointer to a different object type. If the resulting pointer is not correctly aligned68) for the referenced type, the behavior is undefined. Otherwise, when converted back again, the result shall compare equal to the original pointer. When a pointer to an object is converted to a pointer to a character type, the result points to the lowest addressed byte of the object. Successive increments of the result, up to the size of the object, yield pointers to the remaining bytes of the object. but you need to be mindful of accesses/dereferences which will be governed by the strict aliasing rule: An object shall have its stored value accessed only by an lvalue expression that has one of the following types:88) a type compatible with the effective type of the object, a qualified version of a type compatible with the effective type of the object, a type that is the signed or unsigned type corresponding to the effective type of the object, a type that is the signed or unsigned type corresponding to a qualified version of the effective type of the object, an aggregate or union type that includes one of the aforementioned types among its members (including, recursively, a member of a subaggregate or contained union), or a character type. <\|endoftext\|>Bolbopsittacus lunulatus é uma espécie de ave da família Psittacidae. É a única espécie do género Bolbopsittacus. É endémica das Filipinas. Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude e florestas de mangal tropicais ou subtropicais. Referências Psitacídeos Aves das Filipinas Aves descritas em 1786<\|endoftext\|>Knut Holger Bergwall, född 5 december 1879 i Undersviks församling, Gävleborgs län, död 5 maj 1959, var en svensk präst och skolman. Han skrev böcker om skyddshemsarbete. Han var bror till Einar Bergwall och svärson till Magnus Wieselgren. __Notoc__ Bergwall, som var son till prosten Hjalmar Bergwall och Alma Arbman, avlade dimissionsexamen 1902 samt prästexamen och folkskollärarexamen 1903 och prästvigdes samma år. Han var predikant och förste lärare vid statens uppfostringsanstalt på Bona 1905–1910, kapellpredikant och överlärare i Hofors 1910–1912, rektor vid Prins Gustavs folkskola i Uppsala (Uppsala stads folkskola) 1912–1931, kyrkoherde i Hudiksvalls och Idenors församlingar 1931–1935 och rektor vid Svenska kyrkans lekmannaskola i Sigtuna från 1936. 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i styrelsen för småskoleseminariet i Uppsala 1916–1931, ordförande i Uppsala KFUM 1913–1920, ordförande i Allmänna svenska prästföreningens krets i norra Hälsingland 1931–1935 och inspektor vid Hudiksvalls högre allmänna läroverk 1933–1935. Holger Bergwall är begraven på Uppsala gamla kyrkogård. Bibliografi i urval Vems är skulden? (1909) Kampen mot ungdomens förvildning (1913) Hjälten och hjälparen (1925) Dagen gryr (1940) Referenser Bergvall, Knut Holger på SvenskaGravar.se Noter Präster i Svenska kyrkan Svenska skolledare under 1900-talet Präster verksamma i Hudiksvalls församling Personer från Undersviks socken Gravsatta på Uppsala gamla kyrkogård Födda 1879 Avlidna 1959 Män<\|endoftext\|>Q: org-habit shows no habits I've posted before on using Brent Hansen's amazing org setup. This time around, I'm specifically having a problem with getting org-mode to display my habits. I had to nuke my emacs and start from scratch recently, so debugging is hard. I am quite certain that I have habit mode enabled since: * I have enabled in my.emacs (see below) ;; Enable habit tracking (setq org-modules (quote (org-habit))) ; position the habit graph on the agenda to the right of the default (setq org-habit-graph-column 50) (run-at-time "06:00" 86400 '(lambda () (setq org-habit-show-habits t))) My capture template for habits, seems to set up to include everything needed: ("h" "Habit" entry (file "~/Dropbox/org-new/refile.org") "* NEXT %?\n%U\n%a\nSCHEDULED: %(format-time-string \"%<<%Y-%m-%d %a.+1d/3d>>\")\n:PROPERTIES:\n:STYLE: habit\n:REPEAT_TO_STATE: NEXT\n:END:\n") I have an additional set of properties in my Top Level Header for habits that reads: Habits :PROPERTIES: :LOGGING: DONE(!) :ARCHIVE: %s_archive::* Habits :END: When I run the agenda, I see (Org-Agenda Day Ddl Grid Habit Wrap) in the Mode line Despite that, my habits do not show up, nor does a habit graph, when I run the agenda. I've trawled everything I can to try and solve this and I'm now at my wit's end. Any help would be greatly appreciated! A: You need to add a :STYLE: property with the value habit to your habits: * TODO Shave SCHEDULED: <2009-10-17 Sat.+2d/4d> - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-15 Thu] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-12 Mon] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-10 Sat] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-04 Sun] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-02 Fri] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-29 Tue] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-25 Fri] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-19 Sat] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-16 Wed] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-12 Sat] :PROPERTIES: :STYLE: habit :LAST_REPEAT: [2009-10-19 Mon 00:36] :END: See Tracking your habits. EDIT: While the STYLE:habit property is necessary, that isn't the problem in this case (as discussed in the comments). However, it might well be that the order of the elements in the headline is the problem. Running org-lint on the following example: * NEXT Exercise [2017-07-16 Sun 19:36] [[file:~/Dropbox/org-new/todo.org::Write][Write]] SCHEDULED: <2017-07-16 Sun.+1d/2d> :PROPERTIES: :STYLE: habit :REPEAT_TO_STATE: NEXT :END: I get 3 low Link to non-existent local file "~/Dropbox/org-new/todo.org" 4 low Misplaced planning info line 5 high Incorrect location for PROPERTIES drawer If I reorg the file a bit to this: NEXT Exercise SCHEDULED: <2017-07-16 Sun.+1d/2d> :PROPERTIES: :STYLE: habit :REPEAT_TO_STATE: NEXT :END: [2017-07-16 Sun 19:36] [[file:~/Dropbox/org-new/todo.org::*Write][Write]] then the high priority warning disappears. I don't know whether that will make habits work, but I'm willing to bet that it would. The manual states: When they are associated with a single entry or with a tree they need to be inserted into a special drawer (see Drawers) with the name PROPERTIES, which has to be located right below a headline, and its planning line (see Deadlines and scheduling) when applicable. <\|endoftext\|>The information and opinions expressed herein, and all related notes, recordings, and other products, are intended for informational purposes only. The authors claim no responsibility to any person or entity for any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly as a result of the use, application, or interpretation of the information presented herein. Shopping thru any links will give me a small affiliate commission but in no way changes your price.<\|endoftext\|>Particulars: A fixed and floating charge over all assets. Particulars: Fixed and floating charge over the undertaking and all property and assets present and future, including goodwill, book debts, uncalled capital, buildings, fixtures, fixed plant & machinery.. See image for full details. Particulars: Undertaking and all property and assets present and future including (goodwill) uncalled capital. Fixed & floating charge for details see DOC67.<\|endoftext\|>Fire Training without Instructor...Special Delivery! Meet Ember, our rental fire training simulator that travels the world living inside a single shipping box. Ember guides fire training instructors unfamiliar with setting up and operating a fire training simulator, and even offers help with presenting a comprehensive Pyrosoft fire-safety program. Arranging a visit is as easy as reserving an airline ticket - and a cheap one, since Ember flies cargo class. At 112.1 x 40.9 x 35.5 cm (44" x 16" x 14") and weighting just 25kg (57lbs), she is petite but very rugged. 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Sinabelkirchen – gmina targowa w Austrii, w kraju związkowym Styria, w powiecie Weiz. Liczy 4134 mieszkańców (1 stycznia 2015). Przypisy Gminy w powiecie Weiz<\|endoftext\|> Események Január január 1. Brunei önálló állammá válik. Az AT&T távközlési vállalatbirodalmat a monopolellenes törvény alapján 24 önálló részre darabolják. január 3. – Tunéziában bevezetik a rendkívüli állapotot a kenyér árának emelése miatt kitört zavargások miatt. január 7. Brunei a hatodik tagjává válik a Délkelet-Ázsiai Nemzetek Szövetségének (ASEAN). Csao Ce-jang első kínai miniszterelnökként az USA-ba látogat. január 10. – Az Egyesült Államok és a Vatikán felveszik a diplomáciai kapcsolatot. január 17. – Stockholmban megkezdődik az Európai biztonság- és bizalomépítési, valamint leszerelési konferencia (CDE). január 20. – Zavargások Marokkóban az áremelések miatt. január 24. – Piaci forgalomba kerül az első Apple Macintosh számítógép. Előtte két nappal pedig bemutatják - kereskedelmileg először és utoljára - a kultikus Apple „1984” Macintosh reklámot a Super Bowl reklámblokkjában. Február február 3. – A Challenger amerikai űrrepülőgép 10. missziójára indul, 3 fővel a fedélzetén, melynek keretében… február 7. – Sor kerül az első köldökzsinór nélküli űrsétára (Bruce McCandless II és Robert L. Stewart). február 8. – Megkezdődik a XIV. Téli Olimpia Szarajevóban. február 13. – A pár nappal korábban elhunyt Jurij Vlagyimirovics Andropov helyére Konsztantyin Csernyenkót választják meg az SZKP új főtitkárává. február 18. – Olaszország hivatalos államvallása újra a római katolikus lesz. február 21. – Javier Pérez de Cuéllar ENSZ-főtitkár látogatást tesz Prágában, ahol fogadja őt Gustáv Husák köztársasági elnök. február 22. – Irán offenzívát indít Irak ellen. Az USA és Nagy-Britannia hadihajókat vezényel a térségbe. Nemzetközi felháborodást kelt, hogy az irániak fiatalkorúakat is besoroznak. február 26. – Kivonulnak az amerikai haditengerészek Bejrútból (Libanon). február 29. – Pierre Trudeau kanadai miniszterelnök bejelenti a visszavonulását. Március március 5. – Irán vegyi fegyverek alkalmazásával vádolja Irakot. március 6. – A brit szénbányászok 12 hónapos sztrájkjának kezdete. március 22. – Miután a belgrádi parlament elfogadja az IMF feltételeit, lehetővé válik a 20,5 milliárd dolláros jugoszláv adósság átütemezése. március 24. – Rómában 700 ezren tüntetnek a kormány gazdaságpolitikája ellen. március 30. – Meghal Gaëtan Dugas, akit az elsők között diagnosztizáltak AIDS-szel. (Ő volt a „nulladik beteg”.) Április április 3. – Egy héttel Sékou Touré elnök halála után katonai hatalomátvétel Guineában. Az új elnök Lansana Conté lesz. április 12. – Palesztin fegyveresek elrabolnak egy izraeli 300-as buszt. Az izraeli erők megrohamozzák a buszt, 2 emberrabló és 1 túsz veszti életét, további két fegyverest elfognak a hatóságok, akiket később az izraeli titkos rendőrség halálra kínoz. Az ügy nagy botrányt kavar a titkosszolgálatokkal kapcsolatban. április 16. – Másfélmilliós tüntetés São Paulóban a közvetlen elnökválasztásért. április 17. – Londonban a líbiai nagykövetségről rálőnek a Kadhafi-ellenes tüntetés résztvevőire. Nagy-Britannia megszakítja a diplomáciai kapcsolatokat Líbiával. április 19. – Ausztrália beiktatja új himnuszát, valamint a zöld és arany színeket választja a nemzet színeivé. április 28. – Budapesten átadják a Skála Metro áruházat a Marx téren (ma: Nyugati tér). Május május 8. – A Szovjetunió bejelenti, hogy bojkottálja a Los Angelesben tartandó XXIII. nyári olimpiát. május 10. – A csehszlovák hatóságok ismét letartóztatják Duray Miklóst, majd ezt követően több szlovákiai magyar értelmiségit előzetes letartóztatásba helyeznek. (Bebörtönzése ellen külföldön ismét számos helyen tiltakoznak, de szlovák ellenzéki értelmiségiek is szolidaritást vállalnak vele. Budapesten Duray-bizottság alakul, de a tiltakozó akciók hatástalanok maradnak. Az ítélet nélkül fogva tartott Durayt csak 1985. május 10-én engedik szabadon.) május 11. – Ausztráliában bevezetik az 1 dolláros érmét. május 15. – Veselin Đuranović váltja Mika Špiljakot a jugoszláv államelnöki székben. május 17. – A külföldi bankok 7 éves haladékot adnak Jugoszláviának az 1984-ben esedékes tartozások kifizetésére. május 23. – Richard von Weizsäckert választják az NSZK államfőjének. május 27. – Az első többpárti parlamenti választások Egyiptomban. Június június 5. A szaúdi légierő lelő egy iráni felségjelű Phantom F-4-es harci repülőt. 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zterelnök támadást rendel el az amritszári Aranytemplom (a legszentebb szikh hely) ellen (Kék Csillag hadművelet), mert nem hajlandóak kiadni a szikh ellenállás vezetőjét. Ezért a rendeletéért Gandhi még ebben az évben merénylet áldozata lesz. június 6. – Véget ér az NSZK-ban a 13 hétig tartó nyomdaipari sztrájk. június 7–9. – A londoni csúcsértekezleten, a hét legnagyobb fejlett ipari ország állam- és kormányfői nyilatkozatot adnak ki a kelet–nyugati kapcsolatokról és a fegyverkorlátozásról. június 8. – A wisconsini Barneveldt városa csaknem teljesen elpusztul egy tornádóban. június 12. – A Nyugat-európai Unió hét országának külügyminisztere Párizsban elhatározza a WEU újjáélesztését. június 24. – A 11 legeladósodottabb latin-amerikai ország konferenciája Cartagenában, melyen a nyugati országokat a kamatlábak csökkentésére szólítják fel. június 25. – Lord Carrington követi Joseph Luns-ot a NATO főtitkári beosztásban. június 30. – Kanada miniszterelnöke John Napier Turner lesz. Július július 12. – Súlyos jégeső pusztít Münchenben és környékén. július 14. – Az új-zélandi parlamenti választásokat a Munkáspárt nyeri, David Lange lesz a miniszterelnök. július 17. – Roland Fabius ipari miniszter lesz a francia miniszterelnök. A kommunisták kiválása a koalícióból háromévi kormányzás után. július 18. – A kaliforniai San Ysidro városában James Oliver Huberty a társadalomból kiábrándulva délután 4 óra körül belép egy McDonald's gyorsétterembe és tüzet nyit az ott tartózkodókra, 21 halott (köztük Huberty) és 19 sebesült marad a 77 perces ámokfutás után a helyszínen. július 22–augusztus 5. – A Lutheránus Világszövetség 7. nagygyűlése Budapesten. Ennek során a világszervezet elnökévé választják Káldy Zoltán magyar evangélikus püspököt. július 25. – A Szaljut–7 kozmonautája, Szvetlana Szavickaja rövid űrsétájával beírja magát a történelembe, az első nő, aki az űrhajón kívüli világűrbe kijutott. július 28. – Los Angelesben megnyitják a XXIII. nyári olimpiát. Augusztus augusztus 4. – Az afrikai Felső-Volta állam megváltoztatja nevét Burkina Fasóra. augusztus 11. – Ronald Reagan egy mikrofonpróbán bejelenti a Szovjetunió bombázását. augusztus 13. – Megállapodás Marokkó és Líbia uniójáról. augusztus 21. – Félmilliós tüntetés Manilában Ferdinand Marcos elnök ellen. augusztus 22. – Dél-Afrikában először választanak színes bőrű képviselőket. Szeptember szeptember 4. – A kanadai képviselőházi választásokat a Haladó Konzervatív Párt nyeri Brian Mulroney vezetésével. Mulroney 17-én alakít kormányt. szeptember 13. – Izraelben nagykoalíció alakul a Munkapárt és a Likud részvételével. szeptember 16. – A Miami Vice tv-sorozat először kerül adásba az NBC-n. szeptember 22. – Verdunben közös megemlékezésen vesz részt az NSZK kancellárja és a francia államelnök. szeptember 26. – Nagy-Britannia és Kína aláírja azt a szerződést, melynek értelmében Hongkong 1997-ben újra Kína részévé válik.} Október október 2. – Először kerül női képviselő a svájci szövetségi tanácsba. október 12. – Az IRA merényletet kísérel meg a brit kabinet ellen a Brighton Hotel felrobbantásával, de kudarcot vallanak, Margaret Thatcher karcolásokkal ússza meg az esetet. október 15. – El Salvadorban tárgyalások kezdődnek a kormány és az FLMN ellenállási szervezet között. október 19. – Ismeretlenek elrabolják Jerzy Popiełuszko ellenzéki papot Varsóban. (Holttestét november 3-án találják meg, temetése rendszerellenes tüntetéssé válik.) október 19. – Richter Richárd ámokfutása a Csillag börtönben. október 26. – A jugoszláv nemzetgyűlés kéri az 1985–88-ban esedékes hiteltörlesztés átütemezését a Nemzetközi Valutaalaptól. október 26–27. – A Nyugat-európai Unió tagországainak külügy- és védelmi miniszterei kiadják a „Római Nyilatkozatot”, amelyben bejelentik a WEU-n belüli együttműködés fokozására vonatkozó döntésüket. október 31. – A legszentebb szikh templom lerombolása miatt érzett dühükben szikh testőrei meggyilkolják Indira Gandhi indiai miniszterelnököt. (Az utána következő zavargásokban több ezer szikh polgár veszti életét.) November november 4. – A nicaraguai választásokat a Sandinista Front nyeri a szavazatok 67%-ával. november 2. Felavatják a Szolnoki Papírgyárat. Szvetlana Allilujeva Petersz, Sztálin leánya, 17 évi nyugati tartózkodás után hazatér a Szovjetunióba. november 5. – Átadják a forgalomnak a kiszélesített Árpád hidat és a metró Élmunkás tér- és Árpád híd közötti szakaszát. november 6. Az amerikai elnökválasztást a Republikánus Párt jelöltje, Ronald Reagan nyeri (49 államban szerez többséget) Walter Mond	redpajama	[ 91, 442, 1661, 79, 40380, 246, 30836, 324, 1757, 296, 21233, 293, 1045, 11775, 717, 902, 20932, 1757, 363, 1780, 1279, 5142, 446, 297, 313, 66, 9246, 49738, 2275, 67, 18558, 20323, 344, 314, 10, 11591, 257, 313, 44, 860, 76, 36701, 408, 356, 574, 78, 49572, 306, 1059, 582, 278, 797, 20641, 419, 75, 1373, 1954, 518, 25130, 324, 8311, 247, 18558, 20323, 11591, 257, 1757, 620, 7766, 24005, 292, 16124, 75, 11524, 15, 39054, 860, 1378, 247, 3816, 615, 1059, 860, 860, 1378, 37539, 278, 16266, 299, 31803, 11775, 45631, 7564, 4285, 860, 5134, 1059, 21079, 392, 6002, 682, 3293, 91, 15, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 721, 15, 1108, 657, 860, 788, 3974, 83, 11775, 6640, 59, 44, 14, 5568, 247, 2145, 288, 11524, 304, 33381, 1954, 31804, 297, 1473, 532, 1792, 18558, 1206, 1757, 17443, 15, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 818, 1253, 26, 15, 1108, 329, 298, 4199, 74, 29180, 6187, 6113, 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ale ellenében. Az egyidejűleg tartott szenátusi és képviselőházi választásokon a demokraták szerepelnek jobban (mindkét házban demokrata többség). Elkészül a 200 000-ik Ikarus autóbusz. november 19. – A PEMEX olajvállalat finomítója felrobban Mexikóvárosban, az ezt követő tüzekben közel 500-an vesztik életüket. november 19–23. – A Román Kommunista Párt XIII. kongresszusa. november 25. Nagy-Britannia és Írország 36 legismertebb zenésze megalakítja a Band Aid formációt az etiópiai éhezők megsegítésére. Elnökválasztás Uruguayban 11 évi katonai kormányzás után. A Colorado-párti Julio Sanguinetti lesz az államfő. A határviták rendezése Argentína és Chile között. november 27. – Jugoszláviában életbe lép a külföldi befektetésekről szóló törvény, mely kimondja, hogy a külföldi részesedés maximum 49% lehet. november 30. Srí Lankán a Tamil Tigrisek megkezdik a szingaléz lakosság elüldözését az általuk uralt területekről. 250 évvel a halála után William Penn, Pennsylvania állam alapítója az Egyesült Államok tiszteletbeli állampolgára lesz. December december 1. – Az ausztrál parlamenti választásokat a kormányzó Munkáspárt nyeri. december 2. – Éjjel – Bhopáli katasztrófa – a Union Carbide vegyiüzeme felrobban Bhopálban, a felszabaduló több mint 40 tonna metil-izocianát közel 8000 ember halálát és 120 000 ember maradandó károsodását okozza. Beivódott a talajba, az ivóvízbe, a növényekbe, állatokba és mind a mai napig mérgezi a helyieket. december 6. – Oláh István vezérezredest, a Magyar Néphadsereg vezérkari főnökét választja honvédelmi miniszterré a Népköztársaság Elnöki Tanácsa. december 19. – Kína és Nagy-Britannia aláírja a megállapodást Hongkong jövőjéről; az átadást (1997) követően „két rendszer, egy nemzet”. december 22. – Lemond Dom Mintoff máltai miniszterelnök. Utódja Carmelo Mifsud Bonnici. december 24. – Az indiai választásokat a Kongresszus Párt nyeri, Radzsiv Gandhi lesz a miniszterelnök. Határozatlan dátumú események az év folyamán Etiópiában súlyos éhínség pusztít, melyben mintegy egymillióan vesztik életüket. Az USA nagyvárosaiban gyorsan elterjed egy új kábítószertípus, a crack. Határegyezmény Kenya és Szomália között. Befejeződik az Északi-tengeren a Statfjord-olajmező feltárása. A 271 m magas Statfjord C fúrósziget átadásával Norvégia fontos olajexportáló országgá válik. Marokkó kilép az Afrikai Unióból, mivel a szervezet fölvette a királyság ellenőrzése alatt álló, de függetlenséget követelő Nyugat-Szaharát. Az év témái Államok vezetőinek listája 1984-ben 1984 a filmművészetben Tengiz Abuladze: Vezeklés Bacsó Péter: Te rongyos élet Fábri Zoltán: Gyertek el a névnapomra Gémes József: Daliás idők Alekszej Jurjevics German: Barátom Ivan Lapsin Jeles András: Angyali üdvözlet Jim Jarmusch: Florida, a Paradicsom Otar Joszeliani: A Hold kegyeltjei Koltay Gábor: István, a király Andrej Szergejevics Koncsalovszkij: Mária szerelmei Mészáros Márta: Napló gyermekeimnek Sára Sándor: Pergőtűz Wim Wenders: Párizs, Texas Xantus János: Eszkimó asszony fázik James Cameron: Terminátor – A halálosztó Henri Verneuil: Az arany bűvöletében Ebben az évben készült el a Garfield a természet lágy ölén (Garfield a vadonban). 1984 az irodalomban Megjelennek Douglas Adams Galaxis útikalauz stopposoknak és Viszlát, és kösz a halakat! c. könyvei. Megjelenik William Gibson Neurománc c. regénye Megjelenik José Saramago Ricardo Reis halálának éve c. könyve. Halála után kiadják J. R. R. Tolkien Az elveszett mesék könyve II. kötetét. 1984 címmel írt regényt George Orwell (1948-ban). Kiadják David Gemmell Legenda c. könyvét. Václav Havel megírja Largo desolato című színművét. 1984 a zenében A Szellemirtók c. film betétdala a nyár slágere. Nem hivatalosan feloszlik a Fonográf együttes. Újjáalakul a Deep Purple, megjelenik a Perfect Strangers című lemezük. Megnyeri Eros Ramazzotti a sanremói dalfesztivált a fiatalok versenyében, a Terra promessa című dalával. Albumok Alphaville: Forever Young Bikini: XX. századi híradó Bon Jovi: Bon Jovi Bruce Springsteen: Born in the U.S.A. Bryan Adams: Reckless Cseh Tamás–Bereményi Géza: Jóslat David Bowie: Tonight Deák Bill Gyula: Rossz vér Deep Purple: Perfect Strangers Depeche Mode: Some Great Reward Első Emelet: Első Emelet 1 Eurythmics: 1984 (For the Love of Big Brother) Fonográf: Jelenkor Frankie Goes to Hollywood: Welcome to the Pleasure Dome Foreigner: Agent Provocateur Hobo Blues Band: Vadászat Iron Maiden: Powerslave Janet Jackson: Dream Street The Carpenters: An Old-Fashioned Christmas Judas Priest: Defenders of the Faith Kajagoogoo: Islands Katona Klári – Katona Kári IV Kim Wilde: Teases & Dares Kiss: Animalize Koncz Zsuzsa - Konczert Kool & the Gang: Emergency Laura Branigan: Self Control Limahl: Don't Suppose Locom	redpajama	[ 1079, 11591, 257, 860, 7564, 15, 13063, 38179, 504, 75, 49572, 1851, 33381, 1519, 256, 5282, 28382, 28954, 24868, 465, 41808, 4534, 293, 16124, 73, 1757, 9877, 44648, 9869, 15701, 7766, 536, 251, 247, 1471, 45725, 45801, 256, 2721, 4762, 293, 36869, 2628, 5568, 313, 14785, 76, 11524, 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otiv GT - Ellenfél nélkül Madonna: Like a Virgin Manfred Mann’s Earth Band: Budapest Live Metallica: Ride the Lightning Mike Oldfield: Discovery Nena: 99 Luftballons Prince: Purple Rain Queen: The Works Rebbie Jackson: Centipede Red Hot Chili Peppers: The Red Hot Chili Peppers Rockwell: Somebody's Watching Me Roger Waters: The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking Run–D.M.C.: Run–D.M.C. Sade: Diamond Life Scorpions: Love at First Sting Solaris: Marsbéli krónikák Stevie Ray Vaughan: Couldn't Stand the Weather Stevie Wonder: The Woman in Red (soundtrack) Tina Turner: Private Dancer Twisted Sister: Stay Hungry U2: The Unforgettable Fire Ultravox: Lament V’Moto-Rock: Garázskijárat Van Halen: 1984 Wham! (George Michael): Make It Big Zee: Identity 1984 a tudományban január 22. – Bemutatják az Apple Macintosh-ának úgynevezett 1984 reklámját, mellyel megkezdődött a Macintosh számítógép értékesítése, s az egyik legnagyobb hatású kampányfilmnek bizonyult Elkészül a Discovery űrrepülőgép Elindul a GNU projekt, (szabad felhasználású Unix program) 1984 a légi közlekedésben 1984 a vasúti közlekedésben 1984 a sportban február 8. – Megkezdődnek a XIV. téli olimpiai játékok Szarajevóban. június 27. – Franciaország legyőzi Spanyolországot 2–0-ra az Európa-bajnokság döntőjében. július 28. – Megkezdődnek a XXIII. nyári olimpiai játékok Los Angelesben. A szocialista országok Románia kivételével távol maradnak az eseménytől. Ez a második alkalom, hogy magyar csapat nem vesz részt olimpián. Niki Lauda megszerzi pályafutása harmadik Formula–1-es világbajnoki címét a McLaren csapat színeiben, mindössze fél ponttal csapattársa, Alain Prost előtt. A Bp. Honvéd SE nyeri az NB1-et. Ez a klub 7. bajnoki címe. 1984 a televízióban 1984 a jogalkotásban 1984 új világörökségi helyszínei Születések Január január 11. – Arlene Iradie Semeco Arismendi, venezuelai úszónő január 13. – Pollák Zoltán, magyar labdarúgó január 18. – Haszebe Makoto, japán labdarúgó január 19. – Rebecsák Szilárd, magyar labdarúgó január 21. – Luke Grimes, amerikai színész január 23. – Arjen Robben, holland labdarúgó január 24. – Justin Baldoni, amerikai színész január 26. – Kelly Stables színésznő, A kör című trilógiában Samara Morgan, a kútba dobott halott kislány megformálója január 26. – Luo Xuejuan kínai úszó, a 2004-es nyári olimpia 100 méteres női mellúszás aranyérmese január 28. – Sík Márton, magyar kenus január 29. – Vas János, magyar jégkorongozó január 29. – Nuno Morais, portugál labdarúgó január 30. – Jevon Tarantino, amerikai műugró január 31. – Jeremy Wariner, amerikai atléta Február február 3. – Artyom Szilcsenko, világbajnoki bronzérmes orosz szupertoronyugró február 6. – Jonas Andersson, svéd úszó február 6. – Darren Bent, angol labdarúgó február 12. – Peter Vanderkaay, amerikai úszó február 13. – Hinkelien Schreuder, holland úszónő február 14. – Matt Barr, amerikai színész február 15. – Isaiah Msibi, szváziföldi sprinter február 21. – Andreas Seppi, olasz teniszező február 22. – Dimitrij Szavickij, belorusz tornász február 24. – Grace Daniel, nigériai tollaslabda játékos február 25. – Xing Huina a 2004-es athéni olimpia 10 km-es női maratoni futás bajnoka február 25. – Uroš Vilovski szerb kézilabdázó, az MKB Veszprém KC játékosa február 26. – Beren Saat török színésznő február 26. – Emmanuel Adebayor, togói labdarúgó február 28. – Kandech Evelyne, énekesnő Március március 4. Hosnyánszky Norbert olimpiai és világbajnok vízilabdázó Gulyás Péter, magyar kézilabdázó március 8. – Garics György, magyar születésű osztrák labdarúgó március 9. – Rekop György, magyar humorista március 11. – Justin Spring, amerikai tornász március 13. – Noel Fisher, kanadai színész március 18. – Kovács Csaba, magyar jégkorongozó március 20. – Fernando Torres, spanyol labdarúgó március 28. Nyikolaj Szkvorcov, orosz úszó Daumants Dreiškens olimpiai ezüstérmes lett bobos március 29. – Király Viktor, magyar énekes március 31. – Martins Dukurs lett szkeletonos Április április 2. – Barta Nóra, magyar műugró április 3. – Jevon Atkinson, jamaicai úszó április 4. – Arkagyij Vjatcsanin, orosz úszó április 5. – Marshall Allman, amerikai színész április 5. – Horváth Illés színész, szinkronszínész április 8. – Olteán Csongor, magyar gerelyvető április 8. – Eleider Alvarez, kolumbiai ökölvívó április 10. – Billy Kay amerikai színész április 17. – Francis Crippen, amerikai hosszútávúszó († 2010) április 20. – Michel Batista, kubai birkózó április 22. – Makszim Devjatovszkij, orosz tornász április 24. – Sam Simpson, ausztrál tornász Május május 4. – Alex Campbell, kanadai színész május 5. – Tom Parsons, angol magasugró május 5. – Mike Brown, kanadai úszó május 11. – Andrés Iniesta a spanyol felnőtt labdarúgó válogatott	redpajama	[ 302, 400, 22733, 428, 31316, 71, 20255, 295, 20255, 76, 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támadó középpályása május 13. – Kyra Banks, magyar pornószínésznő május 14. – Michael Rensing, német labdarúgó május 23. – Mikko Minkkinen, finn műkorcsolyázó május 25. – Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir, Miss World 2005 május 31. – Jason Smith ausztrál színész, az Otthonunk »« Home and Away tv-sorozat Robbie Hunterje május 31. – Milorad Čavić, szerb úszó Június június 1. – Taylor Handley, amerikai színész június 1. – Sharntelle McLean, trinidadi úszónő június 2. – Andrei Cross, barbadosi úszó június 6. - ByeAlex, magyar zenész június 9. – Wesley Sneijder, holland labdarúgó június 11. – Vágner Love, brazil labdarúgó június 11. – Gary Hunt, brit műugró, világbajnok szupertoronyugró június 12. – Isaac Botella, spanyol tornász június 16. – Császár Gábor magyar kézilabdázó június 16. – Farkas István magyar labdarúgó június 19. – Benjamin Collier, új-zélandi gyeplabdázó június 20. – Szöllősi Mátyás, magyar költő, szerkesztő június 19. – Benjamin Collier, új-zélandi gyeplabdázó Július július 2. – Johnny Weir, amerikai műkorcsolyázó július 2. – Maarten Martens, belga labdarúgó július 3. – Corey Sevier, kanadai színész július 4. – Andrij Szemenov, ukrán súlylökő július 7. – Alberto Aquilani, olasz labdarúgó július 9. – Olusoji Fasuba, nigériai sprinter július 10. – Mark González, chilei labdarúgó július 12. – Gareth Gates, angol énekes július 16. – Sašo Bertoncelj, szlovén tornász július 18. – Lee Barnard, angol labdarúgó július 18. – Vanessa Garcia Vega, Puerto Ricó-i úszónő július 24. – Nagy Viktor világbajnok magyar válogatott vízilabdázó Augusztus augusztus 1. – Bastian Schweinsteiger, német labdarúgó augusztus 3. – Jon Foster amerikai színész augusztus 3. – Carah Faye Charnow amerikai énekes augusztus 3. – Ryan Lochte, amerikai úszó augusztus 3. – Kyle Schmid kanadai színész augusztus 4. – Szergej Adbena, ukrán úszó augusztus 8. – Michelisz Norbert magyar autóversenyző augusztus 9. – Kim Jihoon, dél-koreai tornász augusztus 9. – Pierre Perrier, francia színész augusztus 10. – Hayden Stoeckel, ausztrál úszó augusztus 11. – Lucas di Grassi brazil autóversenyző augusztus 19. – Alessandro Matri, olasz labdarúgó augusztus 21. – Alizée Jacotey, francia énekes augusztus 24. – Kyle Schmid, amerikai színész augusztus 28. – Ben Gilbank, kanadai színész augusztus 28. – Darian Townsend, dél-afrikai úszó Szeptember szeptember 3. – Garrett Hedlund amerikai színész szeptember 6. – Thomas Dekker holland kerékpáros szeptember 7. – Vera Igorevna Zvonarjova háromszoros Grand Slam győztes orosz teniszezőnő szeptember 8. – Vitalij Petrov orosz autóversenyző szeptember 9. – Andrey Silnov, orosz magasugró szeptember 11. – Chris Colwill, amerikai műugró szeptember 12. – John Hamer, angol műkorcsolyázó szeptember 13. – Pákolicz Dávid, magyar labdarúgó szeptember 14. – Adam Lamberg, amerikai színész szeptember 17. – Kim Daeeun, dél-koreai tornász szeptember 19. – Kevin Zegers, kanadai színész szeptember 20. – Brian Joubert, francia műkorcsolyázó szeptember 21. – Ben Wildman-Tobriner, amerikai úszó szeptember 25. ‑ Teodora Postic, szlovén műkorcsolyázónő szeptember 27. – Avril Lavigne kanadai énekesnő szeptember 27. – Johan Libéreau, francia színész szeptember 29. – Per Mertesacker, német labdarúgó szeptember 29. – Hevesi-Tóth Tamás, magyar labdarúgó szeptember 29. – Fegyverneky Zsófia, magyar kosárlabdázó Október október 3. – Chris Marquette, amerikai színész október 5. – Alekszandr Vorobjev, ukrán tornász október 5. – Terrence Haynes, barbadosi úszó október 7. – Mohai Balázs, fotóriporter október 9. – Daniel Garcia Gonzalez, andorrai judós október 12. – Victoria Poon, kanadai úszónő október 15. – Chris Olivero amerikai színész október 16. – Trevor Blumas, kanadai színész október 21. – Joseph Bolz, német színész október 21. – Anna Bogdanova, orosz atléta október 24. – Ragnheidur Ragnarsdottir, izlandi úszónő október 25. – Katy Perry, amerikai énekesnő október 26. – Sasha Cohen amerikai műjégtáncos október 27. – Kelly Osbourne, angol énekesnő, Ozzy Osbourne lánya November november 4. – Ayila Yussuf nigériai labdarúgó november 8. – Steven Webb, angol színész november 9. – Tiandra Ponteen, saint kitts és nevis-i atléta november 18. – Dominik Meichtry, svájci úszó november 22. – Scarlett Johansson, amerikai színésznő november 23. – Lucas Grabeel, amerikai színész november 30. – Alan Hutton, skót labdarúgó December december 2. – Kiss Ramóna, magyar színésznő december 3. – Kis Attila magyar jégkorongozó december 7. – Robert Kubica lengyel autóversenyző december 7. – Marko Vujin, szerb kézilabda-játékos december 8. – Emma Green, svéd magasugró december	redpajama	[ 246, 30836, 324, 1954, 20781, 91, 860, 377, 1757, 314, 1757, 6678, 187, 37137, 75, 316, 2145, 15, 1108, 18009, 376, 28896, 13, 4231, 90, 274, 16921, 1954, 20932, 18463, 5069, 27509, 16124, 187, 37137, 75, 316, 1638, 15, 1108, 6277, 416, 13843, 13, 31627, 3899, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 37137, 75, 316, 3495, 15, 1108, 31419, 7381, 46839, 5914, 257, 13, 1442, 79, 278, 49572, 76, 263, 6113, 10270, 36526, 1954, 187, 37137, 75, 316, 2030, 15, 1108, 914, 79, 321, 28098, 2072, 40936, 73, 75, 21762, 983, 69, 1954, 1440, 343, 13, 5767, 3645, 5826, 187, 37137, 75, 316, 4562, 15, 1108, 16553, 6212, 16506, 91, 1206, 21762, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 13, 11775, 14389, 6033, 3938, 9280, 12391, 9067, 285, 37811, 23055, 14, 7333, 6002, 255, 6625, 17782, 20189, 5173, 187, 37137, 75, 316, 4562, 15, 1108, 6939, 263, 324, 11437, 223, 23096, 9948, 13, 256, 8260, 67, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 187, 43, 19664, 3750, 2490, 480, 19664, 3750, 337, 15, 1108, 11276, 10535, 2205, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 337, 15, 1108, 1608, 1596, 85, 4415, 3044, 46959, 13, 492, 249, 10045, 74, 16438, 20932, 3876, 16124, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 374, 15, 1108, 23085, 74, 10547, 13, 2534, 67, 8585, 74, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 721, 15, 428, 2896, 70, 18552, 13, 4231, 90, 274, 1182, 257, 5069, 91, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 898, 15, 1108, 43921, 322, 570, 1944, 491, 13, 5965, 1373, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 1903, 15, 1108, 657, 31076, 1216, 10540, 13, 270, 9918, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 1903, 15, 1108, 18975, 25199, 13, 270, 902, 278, 49572, 86, 737, 1954, 13, 20442, 1757, 20773, 1432, 79, 536, 18558, 86, 8292, 263, 2421, 86, 737, 1954, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 1249, 15, 1108, 29222, 28469, 5021, 13, 653, 1279, 311, 15070, 7766, 91, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 1668, 15, 1108, 36701, 7766, 91, 26805, 443, 1757, 3399, 4231, 90, 274, 465, 860, 91, 300, 357, 69, 36526, 1954, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 1668, 15, 1108, 401, 782, 284, 309, 296, 87, 9435, 4231, 90, 274, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 655, 15, 1108, 19046, 2065, 3623, 13, 16438, 75, 14, 91, 860, 1373, 74, 305, 6683, 446, 357, 69, 36526, 1954, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 1384, 15, 1108, 28918, 2381, 620, 16124, 9245, 353, 1757, 555, 7766, 13, 4231, 90, 274, 20781, 5792, 16124, 13, 256, 8260, 8583, 15701, 16124, 187, 480, 19664, 3750, 655, 15, 1108, 19046, 2065, 3623, 13, 16438, 75, 14, 91, 860, 1373, 74, 305, 6683, 446, 357, 69, 36526, 1954, 187, 187, 43, 6187, 965, 316, 2490, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 374, 15, 1108, 22810, 844, 343, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 278, 49572, 76, 263, 6113, 10270, 36526, 1954, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 374, 15, 1108, 7057, 49333, 5794, 561, 13, 1112, 2485, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 495, 15, 1108, 13415, 90, 1023, 40714, 13, 14579, 324, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 577, 15, 1108, 1244, 23151, 28918, 14745, 729, 13, 1484, 21529, 9435, 256, 6187, 314, 77, 40380, 16124, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 818, 15, 1108, 21265, 936, 23231, 300, 6451, 13, 8919, 284, 91, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 898, 15, 1108, 10876, 39014, 8020, 38777, 25642, 13, 35825, 31178, 2284, 8689, 2388, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 884, 15, 1108, 4744, 21178, 1757, 33383, 13, 448, 587, 74, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 1249, 15, 1108, 443, 40654, 27982, 13, 2897, 311, 3974, 570, 8583, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 1668, 15, 1108, 10388, 7326, 80, 21804, 251, 6226, 75, 13, 18558, 21412, 9390, 15070, 7766, 91, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 1283, 15, 1108, 8652, 15359, 472, 13, 2897, 311, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 1283, 15, 1108, 10049, 15959, 26424, 657, 3604, 13, 22699, 19580, 1954, 14, 74, 16438, 20932, 3876, 16124, 187, 480, 6187, 965, 316, 2164, 15, 1108, 21987, 90, 26189, 13473, 20442, 1757, 20773, 1432, 79, 536, 4231, 90, 274, 44648, 2808, 255, 1519, 48546, 91, 300, 357, 69, 36526, 1954, 187, 187, 15853, 316, 15701, 316, 2490, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 337, 15, 1108, 35747, 757, 49552, 249, 3241, 8047, 13, 31627, 3899, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 495, 15, 1108, 10354, 24942, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 495, 15, 1108, 2639, 1240, 401, 38814, 775, 1596, 319, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 3974, 570, 8583, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 495, 15, 1108, 13114, 418, 3770, 442, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 495, 15, 1108, 25856, 3697, 7893, 14579, 324, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 577, 15, 1108, 322, 8260, 463, 75, 2006, 67, 6736, 13, 1484, 21529, 9435, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 854, 15, 1108, 16833, 261, 91, 7087, 6291, 4231, 90, 274, 1125, 1954, 735, 257, 30608, 16124, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 898, 15, 1108, 10766, 43590, 1689, 251, 13, 7113, 77, 14, 76, 410, 2284, 15070, 7766, 91, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 898, 15, 1108, 25298, 3545, 4586, 13, 38996, 571, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 884, 15, 1108, 12665, 3354, 659, 3703, 777, 293, 13, 16506, 91, 1206, 21762, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 1903, 15, 1108, 22838, 1073, 33905, 74, 270, 9918, 1125, 1954, 735, 257, 30608, 16124, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 655, 15, 1108, 1219, 405, 33998, 6397, 363, 13, 8919, 284, 91, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 3127, 15, 1108, 1219, 478, 7678, 9808, 1584, 90, 13, 38996, 571, 3974, 570, 8583, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 2164, 15, 1108, 25856, 3697, 7893, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 3349, 15, 1108, 6029, 14383, 17703, 13, 14579, 324, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 14688, 316, 15701, 316, 3349, 15, 1108, 399, 6656, 10079, 13161, 13, 7113, 77, 14, 2320, 16409, 2284, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 187, 52, 2721, 431, 2037, 2490, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 495, 15, 1108, 43367, 46689, 45815, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 721, 15, 1108, 7195, 399, 1441, 6426, 5965, 1373, 20017, 860, 50120, 1757, 2921, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 818, 15, 1108, 45931, 9524, 410, 87, 2072, 1503, 29997, 274, 75, 8947, 37472, 409, 20932, 263, 375, 8481, 322, 5247, 19859, 16124, 91, 5298, 258, 2921, 91, 3578, 261, 48385, 16124, 79, 16124, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 854, 15, 1108, 657, 1562, 1944, 8939, 18540, 258, 2921, 91, 1125, 1954, 735, 257, 30608, 16124, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 898, 15, 1108, 1244, 5292, 7949, 30568, 13, 258, 2921, 91, 4231, 284, 86, 737, 1954, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 1903, 15, 1108, 11007, 2065, 9846, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 278, 49572, 86, 737, 1954, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 1249, 15, 1108, 2516, 5516, 254, 13, 2897, 311, 278, 49572, 76, 263, 6113, 10270, 36526, 1954, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 2145, 15, 1108, 367, 45801, 3422, 91, 399, 1757, 18049, 13, 4231, 90, 274, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 1638, 15, 1108, 13187, 16967, 4978, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 1722, 15, 1108, 10766, 12073, 1796, 328, 13, 7113, 77, 14, 76, 410, 2284, 15070, 7766, 91, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 655, 15, 1108, 15273, 1503, 909, 398, 13, 14579, 324, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 1384, 15, 1108, 14468, 500, 276, 6291, 13, 38996, 571, 278, 49572, 76, 263, 6113, 10270, 36526, 1954, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 3127, 15, 1108, 6029, 13303, 1342, 14, 53, 706, 83, 7068, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 2030, 15, 541, 228, 2745, 351, 6464, 5779, 280, 13, 18558, 21412, 9390, 278, 49572, 76, 263, 6113, 10270, 36526, 3876, 16124, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 3435, 15, 1108, 8784, 21704, 31274, 40214, 14579, 324, 2284, 3974, 570, 8583, 79, 16124, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 3435, 15, 1108, 18063, 266, 9271, 860, 250, 1952, 13, 38996, 571, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 3285, 15, 1108, 3545, 353, 797, 265, 16468, 13, 31627, 3899, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 3285, 15, 1108, 754, 1634, 74, 14, 53, 1954, 394, 16219, 7766, 13, 4231, 90, 274, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 256, 2721, 431, 2037, 3285, 15, 1108, 401, 909, 90, 332, 570, 4742, 1503, 84, 1954, 71, 571, 13, 4231, 90, 274, 29348, 1757, 8435, 357, 69, 36526, 1954, 187, 187, 48, 5751, 1954, 589, 2490, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 495, 15, 1108, 11007, 2398, 48464, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 608, 15, 1108, 16660, 661, 91, 395, 83, 30675, 9344, 1173, 13, 1484, 21529, 9435, 15070, 7766, 91, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 608, 15, 1108, 12324, 1196, 12665, 5210, 13, 2534, 67, 8585, 74, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 818, 15, 1108, 15493, 2284, 11960, 36526, 84, 13, 269, 302, 1954, 363, 18845, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 898, 15, 1108, 10213, 26424, 36800, 13, 285, 263, 376, 74, 2128, 27630, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 1249, 15, 1108, 16225, 367, 3508, 13, 14579, 324, 2284, 16438, 20932, 3876, 16124, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 1458, 15, 1108, 11007, 20554, 80, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 1668, 15, 1108, 44870, 2071, 49998, 13, 14579, 324, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 3127, 15, 1108, 10092, 16001, 91, 13, 31627, 3899, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 3127, 15, 1108, 16543, 27737, 21329, 8947, 13, 258, 2921, 91, 387, 44271, 893, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 2164, 15, 1108, 416, 1530, 22252, 321, 416, 1530, 1032, 69, 1519, 343, 13, 24901, 1373, 74, 16438, 20932, 3876, 16124, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 2030, 15, 1108, 13593, 90, 21872, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 3974, 570, 8583, 79, 16124, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 3436, 15, 1108, 322, 22967, 19544, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 278, 49572, 75, 860, 7332, 9435, 4752, 187, 258, 5751, 1954, 589, 3435, 15, 1108, 14943, 14183, 17722, 13, 2897, 311, 3974, 570, 8583, 79, 16124, 13, 31683, 3847, 14183, 17722, 298, 1757, 49252, 187, 187, 23375, 2490, 642, 306, 2480, 577, 15, 1108, 22587, 8807, 714, 1316, 2375, 35825, 31178, 2284, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 642, 306, 2480, 854, 15, 1108, 19436, 34932, 13, 2897, 311, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 642, 306, 2480, 898, 15, 1108, 15984, 17244, 44816, 6933, 13, 24032, 465, 770, 84, 24868, 425, 4534, 14, 74, 387, 44271, 893, 187, 642, 306, 2480, 1283, 15, 1108, 19307, 1479, 3189, 11014, 610, 13, 18504, 1757, 75, 5297, 16438, 20932, 1954, 187, 642, 306, 2480, 3307, 15, 1108, 26709, 17655, 18063, 507, 1665, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 27509, 16124, 187, 642, 306, 2480, 3495, 15, 1108, 22838, 1997, 12424, 293, 13, 717, 254, 1479, 2284, 18558, 18463, 5069, 91, 187, 642, 306, 2480, 1884, 15, 1108, 17560, 388, 28738, 13, 1629, 1954, 85, 5188, 27083, 6187, 72, 1954, 187, 187, 22784, 2490, 372, 4246, 374, 15, 1108, 33717, 9752, 1954, 2072, 13, 4231, 90, 274, 18558, 18463, 5069, 27509, 16124, 187, 372, 4246, 495, 15, 1108, 611, 261, 2058, 1343, 66, 4231, 90, 274, 480, 16266, 76, 263, 543, 6002, 1954, 187, 372, 4246, 818, 15, 1108, 6911, 40407, 3737, 33596, 44447, 1125, 1954, 735, 257, 30608, 16124, 187, 372, 4246, 818, 15, 1108, 4744, 80, 657, 10441, 249, 13, 256, 8260, 67, 465, 860, 91, 300, 357, 1473, 14, 75, 28382, 860, 76, 375, 187, 372, 4246, 854, 15, 1108, 25975, 6115, 13, 18504, 15949, 4231, 284, 86, 737, 1954, 187, 372, 4246 ]
11. – Leighton Baines, angol labdarúgó december 12. – Daniel Agger, dán labdarúgó december 13. – Hanna-Maria Seppälä, finn úszónő december 16. – Puskás Péter, énekes és színész december 19. – Csen Ji-ping, kínai tornász december 21. – Jackson Rathbone, amerikai színész december 22. – Jonas Altberg svéd énekes, zenei producer és DJ december 25. – Yenima Arencibia, kubai atléta december 25. – Kállai Zoltán, magyar tornász december 26. – Alex Schwazer, olimpiai bajnok olasz gyaloglóatléta december 27. – Kusztor Péter, magyar kerékpározó december 27. – Gilles Simon, francia teniszező december 28. – Rosir Calderon, kubai röplabdázó december 29. – Gionata Mingozzi, olasz labdarúgó († 2008) december 30. – LeBron James, a Los Angeles Lakers kosárlabdacsapat (NBA) all-star támadója december 30. – Rév Marcell magyar operatőr december 31. – Rene Jacob Yougbare, burkina faso-i úszó Halálozások január 14. – Beamter Jenő (Bubi), dzsessz-zenész (vibrafon, dob), zeneszerző, zenetanár (* 1912) január 20. – Johnny Weissmuller, többszörös olimpiai bajnok úszó, Tarzan megformálója (* 1904) január 27. – Országh László, nyelvész, szótárszerkesztő (* 1907) február 9. – Jurij Vlagyimirovics Andropov, szovjet pártfőtitkár (* 1914) február 21. – Mihail Alekszandrovics Solohov, Nobel-díjas orosz író (* 1905) március 23. – Csuka Zoltán, vajdasági magyar költő, műfordító (* 1901) április 8. – Pjotr Leonyidovics Kapica, Nobel-díjas szovjet fizikus (* 1894) április 20. – Gálcsiki János, magyar színész, szinkronszínész (* 1926) április 22. – Kerpel-Fronius Ödön orvos, gyermekgyógyász, fiziológus, az MTA tagja (* 1906) április 24. – Zám Tibor író, tanár, szociográfus (* 1929) május 1. – Barabás Tibor, író (* 1911) május 5. – Bozsi Mihály, olimpiai bajnok vízilabdázó, úszó, edző (* 1911) május 30. – Deme Gábor, dramaturg, színész (* 1934) június 1. – Arhip Mihajlovics Ljulka, szovjet gépészmérnök, akadémikus (* 1908) június 12. – Ferencsik János, karmester (* 1907) június 21. – Ferencz Károly, olimpiai bronzérmes birkózó (* 1911) június 25. – Michel Foucault, francia történész, filozófus (* 1926) június 27. – Hédervári Péter, geológus, amatőrcsillagász, író, újságíró (* 1931) július 8. – Brassaï (Halász Gyula), fényképész, Párizs fotósa (* 1899) július 14. – Ernest Tidyman, amerikai író július 17. – Vén Emil, Munkácsy Mihály-díjas festőművész (* 1902) augusztus 5. – Richard Burton, brit színész (* 1925) augusztus 19. – Szabó Zoltán író, falukutató, A tardi helyzet és a Cifra nyomorúság szerzője (* 1912) augusztus 25. – Viktor Csukarin, szovjet tornász (* 1921) szeptember 1. – Szőts Endre, geológus, paleontológus (* 1914) szeptember 9. – Máté Péter, magyar énekes, dalszerző (* 1947) szeptember 20. – Babos Zoltán magyar vegyészmérnök, élelmezésügyi miniszterhelyettes (* 1920) szeptember 25. – Dabrónaki Gyula magyar politikus, élelmezésügyi miniszterhelyettes (* 1916) október 14. – Martin Ryle, Fizikai Nobel-díjas angol kutató (* 1918) október 15. – Ungvári Lajos, Kossuth-díjas szobrászművész (* 1902) október 18. – Jon-Erik Hexum, amerikai színész, modell (* 1957) október 20. – Paul Dirac, Nobel-díjas brit fizikus (* 1902) október 21. – François Truffaut, francia filmrendező (* 1932) október 21. – Őze Lajos, Kossuth-díjas magyar színművész (* 1935) október 30. – Kígyós Sándor, magyar szobrász (* 1943) október 31. – Indira Gandhi, indiai politikus, miniszterelnök (* 1917) november 4. – Csik Ferenc, magyar fotóművész (* 1894) november 9. – Hegedűs Tibor, magyar színész, érdemes művész (* 1898) november 14. – Győrffy György, magyar színész, szinkronszínész (* 1920) november 18. – Kucs Béla, Munkácsy Mihály-díjas magyar szobrászművész (* 1925) november 22. – Bánhidi László, magyar színész („Matula bácsi”) (* 1906) november 23. – Apátfalvi Czene János, festőművész (* 1904) december 13. – Amerigo Tot, (Tóth Imre), magyar származású olasz szobrász (* 1909) december 14. – Vicente Aleixandre, spanyol Nobel-díjas író (* 1898) december 24. – Bacskay Zoltán magyar matematikus, egyetemi tanár (* 1905) december 27. – Kosáryné Réz Lola magyar író, műfordító (* 1892) december 28. – Sam Peckinpah, amerikai filmrendező Kapcsolódó szócikkek 1984 - George Orwell műve 1984 - Michael Radford filmje Jegyzetek Források 20. század<\|endoftext\|>McCarty Scales can be found at 220 Mccarty St. The following is offered: Lab Measurement & Control Devices. In Houston there are 28 other Lab Measurement & Control Devices. 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.<\|endoftext\|>The Asher Group provides critical Human Resources solutions that integrate tightly with Kronos Human Resources Management Solutions, work on a standalone basis as well as work with other human resource systems.. We serve more than 150 companies across three continents in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, hospitality, food processing, business services and state and local government. Clients use Asher Group services to log off-site employee hours, fill shifts when workers are absent, and notify employees of important events. Thanks to our ability to work with every type of communication technology, we can reach team members wherever they are – by telephone, text message, email, push notification, smartphone apps, and even smart speakers, such as Amazon Alexa. And with the help of Google Translate and other language support technolgies, we can communicate with staff in over 100 different languages. Intergrated with Kronos Workforce solutions, Asher allows off-site employees to clock in from anywhere, using any touchtone telephone or text-enabled device. Soon to be intergrated with Kronos Workforce solutions, Asher allows managers to fill shift absences quickly by contacting non-scheduled employees to report for duty. Soon to be intergrated with Kronos Workforce solutions, Asher allows employees to report absences and lateness from anywhere, using any touchtone telephone or text-enabled device.<\|endoftext\|>Q: Datatable Reload page after click Page Number 2 or Next Page In my project I want datatable to display record on website in PHP. My question is that if we click on Page Number 2 or next Page than page must reload and than come back to the page 2 or next page. Is there anyone who can help me with this. A: As Mohit said, if you want serverside processing with a PHP script, you'll need to define the Ajax properties. There's some good examples on the DataTables website for this - look here and here. <\|endoftext\|>Q: SQL query to select values from a table where the condition is from related tables I'm struggling to write a SELECT query in my PHP application. The situation is following: I have table ADDRESS with one-to-many relation to table CONTEST. The relation is via junction table ContestHasAddress. CONTEST table has many-to-many relation to DATE table via junction table ContestHasDate. I was trying to SELECT all columns from ADDRESS table WHERE the column1 from DATE related to its CONTEST (who is related to the ADDRESS) is bigger then a specific VALUE. I have attached the linke below showing the relation view from phpmyadmin. I tried that but it was a failure SELECT address.* FROM address, contest, date WHERE address.contest.dates[0].start_time > TIMESTAMPVALUE A: You need to use JOINs to establish all of the table relations to get to the Date table. Then, you can compare the values: Select A.* From Address A Join Contest_Has_Address CA On A.Id = CA.Address_Id Join Contest C On C.Id = CA.Contest_Id Join Contest_Has_Date CD On C.Id = CD.Contest_Id Join Date D On D.Id = CD.Date_Id Where D.Start_Time > TIMESTAMPVALUE A: You need to join the tables using the "junction table". I have assumed that Startime is DateTime field and not Int. Select address.* from Address inner join ContestHasAddress on Address.ID = Contest_Has_Address.address_ID INNER JOIN Contest_Has_Date on Contest_Has_Address.ContestID = Contest_Has_Date.contestID inner join date on Contest_Has_Date.DateId = Date.ID where StartTime > TIMESTAMPVALUE <\|endoftext\|>// Copyright 2022 Google LLC // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. package com.google.api.ads.admanager.jaxws.v202205; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlEnum; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType; /** * <p>Java class for AdIdType. * * <p>The following schema fragment specifies the expected content contained within this class. * <p> * <pre> * <simpleType name="AdIdType"> * <restriction base="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}string"> * <enumeration value="UNKNOWN"/> * <enumeration value="AD_ID"/> * <enumeration value="CLEARCAST"/> * <enumeration value="NONE"/> * </restriction> * </simpleType> * </pre> * / @XmlType(name = "AdIdType") @XmlEnum public enum AdIdType { /* * * The value returned if the actual value is not exposed by the requested API version. * * / UNKNOWN, /* * * The ad ID is registered with ad-id.org. * * / AD_ID, /* * * The ad ID is registered with clearcast.co.uk. * * / CLEARCAST, /* * * The creative does not have an ad ID outside of Ad Manager. * * */ NONE; public String value() { return name(); } public static AdIdType fromValue(String v) { return valueOf(v); } } <\|endoftext\|>Roger Federer won’t pull a Tom Brady as he opens up about retirement fears Roger Federer insists he is “definitely done” as a professional tennis player as he won’t make a U-turn and continue playing after this week’s Laver Cup. The tennis icon announced last week that the final curtain will fall on his tennis career this week following a 24-year adventure on the ATP Tour. His decision came on the back of three difficult years that saw him play very little tennis due to a knee injury. “As many of you know, the past three years have presented me with challenges in the form of injuries and surgeries. I’ve worked hard to return to full and competitive form,” the 20-time Grand Slam winner said. “But I also know my body’s capacities and limits and its message to me lately has been clear. I am 41 years old. I’ve played more than 1,500 matches over 24 years.” In an exclusive interview with NBC’s TODAY host Savannah Guthrie, Federer was asked if he would consider returning to tennis and follow in the footsteps of NFL great Tom Brady, who retired and then made a comeback. “You know un-retiring is a thing now,” Guthrie said. “Tom Brady, now Serena [Williams] seems to be wavering a little. You’re done?” The 41-year-old replied: “I am definitely done. I know that, yeah.” Roger Federer vows not to be ‘a ghost or stranger’ after retirement It was always going to be an emotional roller-coaster after such a long period on the tennis circuit. Asked if he went through “stages of grief”, the former world No 1 replied: “Yes, all of it and also the ones where I don’t want to deal with it, like I just don’t want to think about it, don’t talk to me about it. “I went through a lot of sadness and emotional moments, just where you start thinking about everything you are going to miss and then you start thinking ‘oh my god my life is going to miserable’ and then you realise we are going to have all this time so we are going to do all these amazing things. I think it is going to be great.” Federer will play in the Laver Cup this weekend as he will team up with fellow greats Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray as well as Caspe Ruud and Stefanos Tsitsipas for Team Europe. The former world No 1 is expected to only compete in the doubles. READ MORE: Roger Federer’s decision to retire ‘a smart decision’ – ‘It’s a miracle what he’s done in the past five years’<\|endoftext\|>Upcycling Android ++ Major step for Device Neutrality ++ Nico Rikken + Ada + Job	redpajama	[ 15, 50279, 510, 1284, 379, 5901, 3400, 4619, 8801, 19242, 5482, 326, 19837, 18996, 342, 611, 1406, 375, 8801, 19242, 11354, 29248, 13, 789, 327, 247, 40468, 3720, 347, 973, 347, 789, 342, 643, 1966, 7741, 2718, 537, 187, 1231, 5752, 625, 685, 7783, 4413, 2439, 1264, 49900, 275, 17057, 824, 347, 11723, 13, 10264, 13, 34598, 13, 2739, 5162, 13, 2136, 3238, 285, 1375, 285, 1980, 2208, 15, 37399, 592, 897, 1284, 379, 5901, 3238, 281, 2412, 745, 14, 11264, 8183, 3038, 13, 7522, 15036, 672, 5820, 403, 12125, 13, 285, 24651, 6171, 273, 1774, 3394, 15, 187, 8061, 281, 776, 3745, 281, 789, 342, 1046, 1511, 273, 5511, 4302, 13, 359, 476, 3986, 2285, 2758, 20312, 597, 403, 1108, 407, 11265, 13, 2505, 3935, 13, 4579, 13, 7450, 19313, 13, 21679, 11222, 13, 285, 1014, 7060, 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Q: Set-theoretic Properties of a Universe I would like to show that if {$A_{i}$: i$\in$I} $\subseteq$ $A$ $\in$ $\mathbb{U}$, then $\bigcup_{i \in I}$$A_{i}$ $\in$ $\mathbb{U}$, where $\mathbb{U}$ is a universe and the capital $A's$ are all sets (p. 162-163, Lectures on the Hyperreals, William Goldberg). A universe is a strongly transitive set $\mathbb{U}$ such that: 1) if $a,b\in\mathbb{U}$, then ${a,b}\in\mathbb{U}$ 2) if there are sets $A,B\in\mathbb{U}$, then $A\cup{B}\in\mathbb{U}$. 3) if there is a set $A\in\mathbb{U}$, then $\mathcal{P}(A)\in\mathbb{U}$ Strong Transitivity: for any set $A\in\mathbb{U}$, there exists a transitive set $B\in\mathbb{U}$ with $A\subseteq{B}\subseteq{\mathbb{U}}$. Transitivity of $B$ means that $c\in{C}\in{B}\implies{c\in{B}}$ <\|endoftext\|>Our video advertising solutions puts your brand in front of the right audience. Wherever, whenever, and however they're consuming content. Rooted is a boutique branding and digital agency located in the Village of West Greenville, SC. We are a team of design-driven, growth-inspired, people-centered people, who work with evolving companies and ambitious startups to build magnetic brands.<\|endoftext\|>These beasties are quite absurd and profound in many ways. Delight yourself by spending a day and evening creating these creatures bound on their magical tour. We’ll start with sculpting the beasties with paper clay techniques that will include stamp designs, molds, and textures. The boat and oars will be painted with milk paint techniques that will give a wonderful patina to the wood surfaces. Soft wax will give the boat a sealant for the paints. The beasties will be painted with patina color stains and layers of fluid acrylics, topped off with a bit of bling using iridescent hues. Of course the best part will be designing your story about these delightful creatures. Design, construct, paint, and partake on this enchanted journey! I will provide ceramic tools, metal cutters, clay molds, stamps, extra paint, hammers, and other tools to use while we work.<\|endoftext\|>was a Japanese samurai of Satsuma Domain during Edo period, later became a bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom. Tōma Jūchin was born to a Japanese clan, Ijichi-shi () of Ōsumi Province, and was given the name. He was a descendant Hatakeyama Shigetada. In his early years, he was appointed as and sent to Ryukyu. Later, he became a bureaucrat of Ryukyu in 1634, started to wear Ryukyuan clothes, and started to use "Tōma Jūchin" and . After Satsuma's invasion of Ryukyu in 1609, Ryukyu were getting poorer and poorer. Ryukyu had to borrowed money from Satsuma, but the debt was getting heavier and heavier and Ryukyu was unable to pay off it. Tōma Jūchin established government monopoly system of muscovado and turmeric in 1645, which alleviated the intense economic difficulties faced by the kingdom successfully. He also minted in 1656. References 1591 births 1676 deaths People from Satsuma Domain People of Edo-period Japan People of the Ryukyu Kingdom Ryukyuan people 16th-century Ryukyuan people 17th-century Ryukyuan people<\|endoftext\|>Stealthy Mom: Too hot to cook? What's for Dinner? Too hot to cook? What's for Dinner? This is the hardest time of year to keep it real. We are expected to have a high of 101F today, again. The stove is off limits. No baking, no sautéing, no pots of boiling water. Uh-uh. I have a few pre-baked entrees and bread in the freezer. In the past week I confess to bringing home a pizza one day and deli meat on another. G-man and the Cadet picked at it. Aside from the occasional trip to the Chinese restaurant up the street, they only want homemade food. In a way it makes me proud. In a way I am flattered. I am also hot and cranky. Anyone else with me? Let me help with recipe ideas that work with hot weather. Some are cooked on the grill, others in the crock pot, and a few are not cooked at all. What a great collection of summertime offerings. I just love your snow photo, it gives us hope in all the heat. Hope you are having a great week and thank you so much for sharing with Full Plate Thursday. What a great collection and I will enjoy going through them all... but have to go to work in a few minutes... Glad our temps are only in the 80's and I think that is too hot. Thanks for sharing this on Foodie Friends Friday.. Come back and vote for your favorite on Sunday and please join us again every FRiday. Thanks for sharing all these gluten-free recipes! Stop back Sunday to Foodie Friends Friday and vote for your top 3 favorites! Great ideas! Thanks for sharing on Foodie Friends Friday! Please come back tomorrow to VOTE! Not sure if my comment went through! But I love all the ideas! Thanks for sharing on Foodie Friends Friday! Please come back tomorrow to VOTE! Yup, went through... Thank you! Great ideas for hot nights... I wish I could roll in your snowman right now... it's hot. Great ideas...unfortunately not for hot nights...but for kitchen reno's and no stove. Wishing it was a bit warmer and less rain LOL. Grilling and unfortunately, eating out way too much has not been good for any of his. Thank you for the wonderful comment you left...it was a great encouragement to me more than you know. I'm blogging at a new http and title.<\|endoftext\|>Q: Python nested dictionaries into reStructuredText bullet list I have this dictionary: d = {'B': {'ticket': ['two', 'three'], 'note': ['nothing to report']}, 'A': {'ticket': ['one'], 'note': ['my note']}, 'C': {'ticket': ['four'], 'note': ['none']}} and I'm trying to convert it into a.rst document as a bullets list, like: * A * ticket: * one * note * my note * B * ticket: * two * three * note: * nothing to report * C * ticket: * four * note: * none I read this approach but I cannot translate it into a bullet list Thanks to all A: For something like your specific example, what about this: >>> for key, value in d.items(): ... print('* {}'.format(key)) ... for k, v in value.items(): ... print(' * {}:'.format(k)) ... for i in v: ... print(' * {}'.format(i)) ... * B * note: * nothing to report * ticket: * two * three * A * note: * my note * ticket: * one * C * note: * none * ticket: * four A: A more of less generic solution to your problem would be a recursive function: def bullet_list(elements, level=0, indent_size=4): try: items = elements.items() except AttributeError: for bullet_point in elements: yield '{}* {}'.format(''* (indent_size * level), bullet_point) else: for bullet_point, sub_points in items: yield '{}* {}'.format(''* (indent_size * level), bullet_point) yield from bullet_list(sub_points, level=level + 1, indent_size=indent_size) for line in bullet_list(d): print(line) outputs: * A * note * my note * ticket * one * C * note * none * ticket * four * B * note * nothing to report * ticket * two * three Note however that the ordered is not guaranteed in dictionaries until very recent versions of python. A: Ugly and dirty def bullet(d, depth=1): for k,v in d.items(): print(''.join([depth '', ' ', k])) if isinstance(v, dict): bullet(v, depth+1) else: for e in v:	redpajama	[ 50, 27, 6618, 14, 783, 30325, 25626, 273, 247, 21368, 309, 651, 751, 281, 921, 326, 604, 37189, 34, 578, 74, 42714, 891, 1202, 249, 5, 42, 94, 669, 11861, 5, 370, 34, 5, 669, 249, 5, 669, 1991, 92, 54, 3303, 840, 669, 28171, 578, 74, 393, 249, 309, 2138, 34, 578, 74, 724, 669, 249, 5, 669, 1991, 92, 54, 3303, 835, 669, 1991, 92, 54, 724, 310, 247, 10325, 285, 253, 5347, 370, 34, 434, 5, 403, 512, 5239, 313, 81, 15, 23094, 14, 18121, 13, 30223, 980, 327, 253, 25411, 250, 932, 13, 7252, 48261, 481, 187, 34, 10325, 310, 247, 7052, 811, 1483, 873, 669, 1991, 92, 54, 724, 824, 326, 27, 187, 18, 10, 604, 370, 66, 13, 67, 61, 249, 61, 1991, 92, 54, 3303, 840, 7224, 66, 13, 67, 889, 249, 61, 1991, 92, 54, 724, 187, 19, 10, 604, 627, 403, 5239, 370, 34, 13, 35, 61, 249, 61, 1991, 92, 54, 3303, 840, 370, 34, 61, 6837, 92, 35, 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533, 253, 6735, 369, 2970, 27953, 285, 27953, 285, 19571, 2788, 30838, 369, 7591, 281, 2075, 745, 352, 15, 308, 13293, 785, 500, 15248, 27545, 4232, 2208, 37020, 985, 273, 1948, 31485, 3377, 285, 10709, 1446, 275, 17601, 22, 13, 534, 26353, 4215, 253, 12680, 5054, 12748, 11372, 407, 253, 18794, 8379, 15, 754, 671, 278, 26082, 50276, 249, 1668, 3208, 15, 187, 187, 4941, 187, 187, 1010, 4739, 10782, 187, 1036, 3121, 8923, 187, 8836, 432, 322, 1832, 9307, 33865, 187, 8836, 273, 444, 3088, 14, 17911, 4047, 187, 8836, 273, 253, 19571, 2788, 30838, 11491, 187, 51, 90, 2788, 90, 9041, 952, 187, 1036, 394, 14, 9888, 19571, 2788, 90, 9041, 952, 187, 1166, 394, 14, 9888, 19571, 2788, 90, 9041, 952, 50279, 6812, 1295, 90, 13541, 27, 21994, 3511, 281, 4417, 32, 1737, 434, 323, 399, 5338, 32, 187, 25643, 3511, 281, 4417, 32, 1737, 434, 323, 399, 5338, 32, 187, 1552, 310, 253, 31056, 673, 273, 807, 281, 1978, 352, 1524, 15, 844, 403, 3264, 281, 452, 247, 1029, 273, 8437, 39, 3063, 13, 969, 15, 380, 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obtain a therapeutic use exemption. Interestingly, nearly 10% of Major League Baseball players have obtained such an exemption. The drug is banned completely in the National Hockey League (NHL). Competitive Advantage? When used to treat ADHD, particularly as part of an comprehensive treatment plan that includes psychological, educational, and social measures, Adderall can be effective in reducing the inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms that are characteristic of the disorder. In individuals without ADHD, the effects of Adderall are not characterized as completely. Nonetheless, there is reportedly increasing use of Adderall in this situation, particularly among college students and various athlete groups. In the college setting, students take stimulants like Adderall to increase their attentiveness and reduce their fatigue, especially in situations such as studying for exams or completing end-of-term projects. There is also ample reason to believe that stimulants such as Adderall might provide a competitive advantage for athletes. From my vantage point, this issue doesn’t seem to be very well studied (in large part because of the bans), but there is at least some evidence to show that these drugs can produce increases in both strength and endurance, better concentration, and improve reaction time, especially when fatigued. For Adderall, like any prescription drug, information about the known risks can be found in the drug’s package insert. Let me quote the entire black box warning: Amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Administration of amphetamines for prolonged periods of time may lead to drug dependence and must be avoided. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of subjects obtaining amphetamines for non-therapeutic use or distribution to others, and the drugs should be prescribed or dispensed sparingly. Misuse of amphetamine may cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse events. A variety of side effects are mentioned in the package insert, including emergence of new psychotic or manic symptoms, aggression, long-term suppression of growth, seizures, and visual disturbances. Mention is also made that the effects of long-term usage are not well studied and that the usefulness of the drug for any particular patient should be carefully assessed periodically. The package insert goes on to discuss cardiovascular warnings. In children and adolescents, sudden death has been reported in patients treated with Adderall who also have heart problems like structural heart abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, or heart rhythm abnormalities. Patients with any of these heart problems are advised NOT to take Adderall. In adults, sudden death, stroke, and heart attack have all been reported in patients taking Adderall at typical prescription dosages. It is recommended that patients with structural heart abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or coronary artery disease should NOT take Adderall. For any patient with high blood pressure, special precaution is advised when prescribing Adderall. Because Adderall is known to increase both the heart rate and blood pressure, special caution and careful follow-up is recommended. Recommendations are offered for the cardiac evaluation of patients who are being considered for treatment with Adderall. Attention should be devoted to a careful medical history, family history (with particular attention to sudden death, ventricular arrhythmias), and physical exam that focuses on heart and vascular health. Additional investigation with EKG and echocardiogram may be indicated depending on the findings. Finally, patients treated with Adderall who develop any serious warning signs of heart disease (eg, exertional chest pain/discomfort, syncope or blacking out) should be re-evaluated. In summary, Adderall is a stimulant that is effective for the treatment of patients with ADHD. Although prescription use of the drug is tightly controlled, there is ample prescription mis-use of the drug among individuals without ADHD or other medical reason for its use. For athletes, the drug is performance-enhancing and is banned by many sports organizations. Whatever its use, Adderall carries a small but real risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, especially among users with underlying heart conditions, whether known or unknown. Athletes and their doctors should be aware of these risks and consider cardiovascular screening and careful cardiovascular follow-up when this drug is used. 1. Heart Medications, WADA, and the Athlete Filed Under: Medications & the athlete Tagged With: athlete, doping, drug, heart, medication, performance enhancing drug, prescription, side effect, stimulant Anabolic Steroids and the Heart June 12, 2013 By Larry Creswell, MD 8 Comments I had a chance earlier today to visit with the production crew from Mississippi Public Broadcasting. They’re working on an upcoming television program on body building and were looking for information about the cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids. Also today, I came across a new study published this week (online, ahead of print) in the medical journal, JAMA Internal Medicine, that reported on a 40% increase in testosterone replacement therapy in middle-aged men during the time period from 2001-2011. The authors noted that testosterone replacement therapy was often prescribed without an established diagnosis of low testosterone levels (hypogonadism). So….with steroids on my mind, I thought I’d share some information about these drugs, particularly as they relate to athletes. What are Anabolic Steroids? The history of anabolic steroids dates to the mid-1930s when the chemical structure of the male sex hormone testosterone was elucidated. Soon afterward, chemical synthesis of testosterone was possible in the laboratory. The group of medications that we call anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone. These medications have a variety of arcane names including: nandrolone, methandienone, stanozolol, androsterone, and androstane, among others. The anabolic steroids have 2 major groups of effects: androgenic effects and anabolic effects. The various available steroids differ from one another in the relative potency of these 2 sets of effects. Each manufacturer’s drug might then be targeted toward a specific use that focuses to a greater extent on one or the other of these sets of effects. Clinically, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of anabolic steroids for: hypogonadism (eg, low testosterone level); generalized wasting in conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or cancer; hypoplastic anemias that accompany bone marrow failure or renal failure; growth stimulation in children with growth failure; male contraception; induction of male puberty; and gender identity disorder. These medications can be delivered orally, intravenously, by intramuscular injection, or by transdermal patch. The anabolic steroids should not be confused with the corticosteroids that are much more commonly used in clinical practice. In 1990 the anabolic steroids were added to Schedule 3 of the Controlled Substance Act, making it a federal crime to possess these drugs in the United States without a prescription. For context, other drugs in Schedule 3 include the barbiturates, LSD precursors, ketamine, and some narcotic analgesics. The laws regarding the prescription and possesion of anabolic steroids vary from country to country. Anabolic Steroids and Sports The anabolic steroids have been used for decades by athletes of many different sports to gain competitive advantage. Used for this purpose, these drugs are often taken at many times the conventional prescription dosage. At these dosages, the anabolic steroids lead to an increase in muscle mass and likely potentiate the effects of exercise on gaining additional muscle mass and strength. The first reliable tests for the detection of steroids (or their metabolites) became available in 1974 and anabolic steroids were added to the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) banned substance list in 1976 and have been on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned substance list since its inception in 1999. As such, these drugs are banned by the entire Olympic movement and by all sports organizations that adhere to the WADA code. In addition, these drugs are prohibited by the majority of professional sports organizations in the United States, including the National Football League, National Hockey League, National Basketball Association, and Major League Baseball. How Many People are Using Anabolic Steroids? The number of Americans currently using anabolic steroids is unknown, but some estimates have placed that number at more than 3 million. In surveys of steroid usage among body-building or power athletes, rates of up to nearly 70% have been reported, with considerably greater usage among male athletes. What are the General Side Effects? Many unwanted side effects have been attributed to anabolic steroids. Some are drug-specific and dose-dependent. The list of adverse effects of anabolic steroids includes: in men, enlargement of the breasts (gynecomastia), suppression of naturally-produced testosterone, decreased sperm production, and testicular atrophy; in women, increases in body hair, decreases in menstrual cycles, and lowering of the voice; development or worsening of acne; and alterations in the mood, with increased aggression. In order to avoid the unwanted side effects of gynecomastia and weight retention, men who use steroids sometimes also take drugs (eg, Arimidex) that limit conversion of the steroids to estrogen. What are the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects? Our understanding of the cardiovascular effects of the anabolic steroids comes from a relatively small set of observations made in athletes taking these medications and from a small number of animal studies. Retrospective human studies in this area suffer from important methodologic problems such as: incomplete or inaccurate reporting on drug dosages by athletes; confounding influences of other supplements or medications that athletes may be taking; and the cardiovascular effects of an athlete’s training routine that may mimic some of the effects of steroids. Some, but certainly not all studies, have shown an increase in blood pressure attributed to anabolic steroids. This issue has been difficult to study in power athletes because of the myriad of

redpajama

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factors that influence the blood pressure, including weight-lifting itself. There are certainly anecdotes of finding cases of severe hypertension in athletes who have no other obvious cause than steroids. The amount of blood pressure elevation associated with long-term use of steroids appears to be mild to moderate and the effect may subside if the steroids are stopped. The majority of studies show that anabolic steroids have an unfavorable effect on the serum lipid profile. These medications can lead to a 20% increase in the unhealthy, “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and also a 20% decrease in the healthy, “good” cholesterol (HDL). The exact mechanism for these changes has not been established. These changes are thought to develop within weeks of starting steroids and can linger for months after these medications are stopped, despite a relatively short pharmacologic half-life measured in days. Some studies have suggested that the oral route of administration may be worse in this regard than the injectable route. These unfavorable changes in the serum lipid profile are noteworthy because there is considerable evidence that high LDL and low HDL levels are associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease, heart attack, and stroke. Athletes who use anabolic steroids are often found to have thickening of the muscular walls of the left ventricle that we call left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The degree of hypertrophy can range from mild to severe. But to date, there has not been a long-term, carefully controlled, prospective study to help sort out the precise effects of steroids. The data regarding which portions of the left ventricle become hypertrophied have been inconsistent, but it appears that the resulting LVH may not be uniform throughout the chamber. It’s important to remember, though, that power exercise alone can produce LVH and that elevated blood pressure alone can produce LVH, and both of these influences will be in play in power athletes. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) may occur in athletes who are taking anabolic steroids. This appears to be a rare event. In the absence of any other explanation, it might be easy to ascribe such deaths in otherwise healthy athletes to the steroids. But we can only speculate now about the mechanism by which steroid use might predispose the athlete to SCD. Nonetheless, there have certainly been athletes with SCD where autopsy findings have shown severe LVH or cardiac fibrosis (which might predispose to arrhythmias) where no potential cause except the steroids was obvious. Acute myocardial infarction (MI), or “heart attack” may occur in young athletes who are taking anabolic steroids, often without any prior indication of heart disease. The cause-and-effect relationship between steroids and MI is not completely understood, but we know from animal studies that the steroids may increase platelet aggregation–a step that occurs clinically during sudden blockage of one of the coronary arteries during acute MI. We also know from animal studies that the steroids may increase oxygen demand of the cardiac muscle, potentially leading to a mismatch in blood/oxygen supply and demand during exercise. This may also play a role. The precise epidemiologic link between steroid use and mortality is yet to be established. Small studies have shown that among users of anabolic steroids, the cause of death, perhaps not surprisingly, is cardiac in up to two thirds. One interesting recent study from Sweden identified users of anabolic steroids by blood tests (toxicology screen) that were administered during evaluations for some other medical problem. The investigators found that, over a several-year period, the mortality rate for users was 2-5 times that for non-users. The study was not controlled, though for many other, potentially important, factors that influence mortality. Some Thoughts To reiterate, our current understanding of the adverse cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids is based on rather limited information gathered from a small number of research studies. The available reports, though, certainly give a glimpse of unwanted cardiovascular effects that may occur, even if the causal mechanisms are not yet understood. Going forward, we are unlikely to have large-scale prospective studies to gather more information and additional retrospective studies are likely to have the methodologic pitfalls I mentioned above. Given our current understanding, athletes who choose to use anabolic steroids should be aware of the possibilities of high blood pressure, unfavorable lipid profile, structural changes in the heart, and even heart attack or SCD. Filed Under: Medications & the athlete Tagged With: athlete, doping, medication, performance enhancing drug, side effect, USADA, WADA In the News: Athletes and Vitamins In the past few weeks, 3 scientific articles about vitamins caught my eye. Two articles published in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported on findings from the Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Control trial of multivitamins–in the areas of cancer prevention and cardiovascular disease prevention. The third article reported on a survey of Canadian high-performance athletes and their dietary supplement practices. Multivitamins and Cancer Prevention [1] Multivitamins are the most common dietary supplement in the United States, used by as many as 30% of Americans. Data regarding their efficacy in preventing various forms of chronic disease have often been conflicting. As a result, in 2006 a National Institutes of Health consensus conference could offer no specific recommendation regarding the use of multivitamins to prevent chronic disease. The Physicians’ Health Study II is an investigation that involved 14,641 American male physician subjects (mean age, ~64 years) who were randomized to receive either a daily multivitamin or a placebo tablet. Enrollment began in 1999 and follow-up continued for a mean of 11.2 years. At 4 years, the compliance rate (the percentage of subjects still taking the multivitamin or placebo) was approximately 70% and this declined further to approximately 67% by the end of the study period. Compared with placebo, the subjects taking a daily multivitamin had signficantly fewer total cancers develop during the study period (17.0 vs. 18.3 cancers per 1000 person-years). It appears that multivitamin use did not affect the incidence of new prostate or colon cancers. And despite the findings regarding total cancers, there was no difference in cancer mortality between the 2 groups. The investigators concluded that daily multivitamin use produced a small but meaningful reduction in cancer incidence. Whether the findings can be generalized to a broader population (including women and younger individuals) is not certain. Multivitamins and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention [2] Also from the Physicians’ Health Study II, but reported separately and more recently, the investigators studied several cardiovascular endpoints, including: composite end point of major cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI] plus nonfatal stroke plus cardiovascular death) and separate end points of MI or stroke, alone. The study design was the same as noted above for the multivitamin study. It turns out that multivitamin use was not associated with a discernible reduction in any of the end points studied. Essentially, a negative study. Again, whether the findings might be generalizable to a broader population is not certain. Athlete Supplement Survey [3] In a 2012 report in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, a group of investigators from Calgary reported on a survey that was administered to 440 elite athletes (mean age, ~20 years) from a variety of sports who were affiliated with that country’s 8 Canadian Sport Centres. The top 10 sports represented included “athletics,” but did not include triathlon or cycling. The represented sports included endurance as well as power sports. The survey results noted that 87% of athletes had taken at least 3 supplements during the preceding 6 months. The most common supplements were: sports drinks, in 24%; multivitamin and minerals, in 16%; and carbohydrate sports bar, in 11%. Interestingly, among athletes training 21-25 hours per week, multivitamin use was reported by 63% of athletes and the usage was 59% in those training >25 hours per week. Athletes reported a variety of sources for their information about supplements, including: family and friends, in 20%; strength trainer, in 14%; and teammates in 11%. Physicians were reported as an information source by only 4% of respondents. For athletes, there may well be a need for vitamin supplementation and a daily multivitamin is probably the easiest and safest way. The scientific literature regarding mega-dose supplementation with various individual vitamins as well as the relationship between vitamin supplementation and performance remains murky at best. I’m not certain the Physicians’ Health Study is particularly applicable to young, healthy athletes, but it appears there might be a small benefit in terms of cancer prevention but no benefit in terms of prevention of cardiovascular disease. Given the complexities of cancer and cardiovascular disease, many authorities would say the findings aren’t surprising. The Canadian athlete survey is interesting because I’ve seen very little simple reporting on dietary supplementation practices among athletes. It would be fascinating to see such information about age-group participants in running, cycling, swimming, and triathlon. What’s clear from the Canadian study is that athletes’ information about supplementation may not come from the most authoritative sources and the medical and sports physiology communities could probably do a better job with their educational roles. 1. Gaziano JM et al. Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;308:1871-1880. 2. Sesso HD et al. Multivitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;308:1751-1760. 3. Lun V et al. Dietary supplementation practices in Canadian high-performance athletes. International J Sport Nutrition Exercise Metabol 2012;22:31-37. Filed Under: Medications & the athlete Tagged With

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: athlete, dietary supplement, nutrition, vitamin A Primer on EPO December 28, 2012 By Larry Creswell, MD 2 Comments Lance Armstrong was certainly in the news this year, with the ongoing–and seemingly endless–saga of the USADA investigation into the use of performance enhancing drugs (PED) in professional cycling. I’ve gotten several inquiries about erythropoeitin (EPO) and thought that I’d write a short piece about the agent, its effects on the heart and vascular system, its use as a PED, and a little about the detection of its use. The Hormone The first thing to understand is that erythropoetin is a naturally occurring glycoprotein hormone. The existence of this hormone was theorized as early as the 1950’s and the hormone was given the name erythropoeitin, but its isolation proved to be very difficult. The human body produces more than a half ton of blood in a lifetime, but only enough EPO to make a tiny pill. Early efforts sought to isolate the hormone from patients who were thought to have increased levels of EPO–those with anemia of various sorts. It was the serendipitous observation that excess erythropoeitin was excreted in the urine that eventually led to the isolation of the hormone. In 1977, Eugene Goldwasser from the University of Chicago isolated 8 mg of erythropoeitin from the dried concentrate of 2,550 liters of urine colleted from a group of aplastic anemia patients in Japan. We know today that EPO is produced primarily in the kidney, and less so in the liver, and acts to stimulate production of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow. It helps with this discussion to have an understanding about blood itself. We often take for granted this liquid that courses through the body’s arteries and veins. There is a cellular component to blood–cells that we typically call red or white. The RBCs far outnumber the white blood cells (WBCs), and it is the RBCs that are important for today’s discussion. The non-cellular component of blood is the plasma, made up predominantly of water, but containing a large variety of proteins, minerals, and other substances. The body produces RBCs in a process known as erythropoeisis. In adults, new RBCs are produced primarily in the bone marrow of the sternum (breast bone), vertebral column, and pelvic bones in a process that takes about a week. Immature RBCs are called reticulocytes and comprise about 1% of the total population of RBCs. RBCs have a lifespan of about 4 months and are then destroyed in the spleen or liver. The typical adult has about 20-30 trillion or so RBCs. One measure of the amount of RBC’s in the blood is called the hematocrit. If we take a small tube of blood, centrifuge it for a period, we’d be left with cells (mostly RBC’s because they outnumber the other cells, by far) in the bottom of the tube and plasma at the top of the tube. The ratio of cells to plasma, expressed as a percentage, is the hematocrit. At my hospital’s laboratory, the normal range for the hematocrit is 36.2% – 46.3% for adult men and 32.9% – 41.2% for adult women. The RBCs contain the iron-containing protein, hemoglobin, that allows the red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body’s tissues. Nearly 99% of the blood’s oxygen is bound to the hemoglobin molecules; only about 1% is actually dissolved in the blood’s plasma. In medical school, we learned that the RBCs with hemoglobin are the “box cars” of the train that delivers oxygen to the body’s tissues. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood can be measured. At my hospital’s laboratory, the normal range is 11.9 – 15.4 g/dL for adult men and 10.6 – 13.5 g/dL for adult women. There is a feedback mechanism in which low blood oxygen levels stimulate production of Epo by the kidney, which in turn stimulates production of RBCs in the bone marrow. The Drug The protein structure of EPO was worked out in the early 1980’s and the agent was commercially available by 1985. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved epoeitin alpha in June, 1989. Today, the agent is a made by genetic engineering techniques and produced in bacteria. The first commercially available product was Epogen, manufactured by Amgen Pharmaceuticals, but there are now several other formulations that are available. One common brand of epoeitin alpha is Procrit, manufactured by Janssen Pharmaceuticals. I’ll summarize the information provided by Janssen about their drug in their product insert, but the information will be similar for all of the formulations of epoeitin alpha. Procrit is used for the treatment of anema due to: chronic kidney disease; the use of Zidovudine in patients with HIV infection; and the use of chemotherapy agents in patients with cancer. It is also indicated for reduction of RBC transfusion in patients undergoing elective, noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. The drug is an injectable agent that can be administered intravenously or by subcutaneous (beneath the skin) injection. The appropriate dosage depends upon the reason for its use. Procrit produces an increase in the reticulocyte count within 10 days and an increase in the hematocrit and hemoglobin over a 2- to 6-week period. The rate of increase in each of these measured outcomes depends upon the dosage administered. The use of agents like Procrit must be monitored carefully because there are potentially serious side effects or unwanted consequences, including myocardial infarction (“heart attack”), stroke, venous thromboembolism, thrombosis (clotting) of vascular access, tumor progression or recurrence, and even death. Indeed, the over-use of EPO would be implicated as a possible link to the deaths of 18 Dutch and Belgian cyclists from 1987 to 1990. EPO as a Performance Enhancing Drug Dating back to at least the 1960’s athletes were aware of the potentially performance-enhancing effects of blood doping. You may recall that the 1968 Summer Olympic Games were held in Mexico City, at an elevation of 7,350 feet. It was recognized at those Games that athletes from higher altitudes performed well in the endurance events, presumably because of chronic adaptations to altitude that included an increased red blood cell mass. There are many descriptions of athletes using autologous transfusion (of their own banked blood) to enhance athletic performance in the subsequent couple decades. It wasn’t until after the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles that blood doping was banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). But as I mentioned above, it was in the mid-1980’s that EPO became available and this would become a new avenue for increasing athletic performance. The physiologic aspects of blood doping are worth considering for a moment, even in a simplistic fashion. In the endurance sports, athletes are limited by the amount of oxygen that can be delivered and used by the body’s skeletal muscles. We might say that the aerobic capacity is related to the cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped per minute), the hemoglobin mass (the amount of hemoglobin in that blood), and the rate of oxygen extraction in the muscles. In the trained athlete, the hemoglobin mass might be the most easily influenced variable–one that is increased by blood doping or by the use of EPO. In a previous blog post, I talked about the common heart-related medications that are included in the World Anti-Doping Agency’s Prohibited List. In addition to banning blood doping–the transfusion or administration of blood, blood products, or blood substitutes–the Prohibited List in section S2.1 specifically bans erythropoeisis-stimulating agents such as EPO. All similar agents, as well as genetic methods related to erythropoeisis, are banned as well. Detection of EPO When Epo was first available, there was no method for detecting this PED in athletes. As an indirect method, professional cycling first conducted pre-race tests of the hematocrit, banning male athletes with a hematocrit >50% and female athletes with a hematocrit >47%. Keep in mind that in a retrospective study of blood donors in Denmark, 3.9% of non-athletes and 10.4% of elite rowers were found to have a hematocrit >51%. So measurement of the hematocrit alone is not a realistic way to identify use of EPO as a PED. In 2000, the French national anti-doping laboratory developed a urine test that could identify the difference between an athlete’s naturally-occurring endogenous EPO and synthetic EPO taken as a PED. This test took advantage of the the fact that each EPO type is actually a family of substances, each with the same protein structure but differing glycosylation, producing molecules of differing electric charge which were separable by the technique of electrophoresis. This test was first used at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic Games, where 3 athletes (who had won 8 medals) were disqualified because of the detection of synthetic EPO in the urine. In 2009, WADA has begun the use of a “biological passport” program to further enhance its ability to identify athletes who have used blood doping or the use of EPO. With this program, longitudinal profiles (over time) are kept of an athlete’s blood-related parameters: hematocrit, hemoglobin, additional RBC parameters, the reticulocyte count, and serum EPO level. At its simplest, the measurements of serum EPO and reticulocyte count INCREASE after administration of synthetic EPO;

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these same measurements DECREASE after RBC transfusion or stopping the use of synthetic EPO. Unexplained changes in the parameters over time, particularly when linked temporally to competitions, can then be the evidence of doping. Filed Under: Medications & the athlete Tagged With: athlete, medication, performance enhancing drug, USADA, WADA<|endoftext|>3024 Hainan eller 1981 UW9 är en asteroid i huvudbältet som upptäcktes den 23 oktober 1981 av Zijinshan-observatoriet i Nanjing, Kina. Den är uppkallad efter den kinesiska provinsen Hainan. Asteroiden har en diameter på ungefär 37 kilometer. Referenser Huvudbältesasteroider Småplaneter namngivna efter platser Astronomiska upptäckter av Purple Mountain-observatoriet Astronomiska upptäckter 1981 Hainan<|endoftext|>10 Best Things to Do in Scarborough What is Scarborough Most Famous For? Scarborough is one of England’s most famous seaside resort towns. It has that classic historical charm such places are known for, personified by donkey rides, amusement arcades, fish and chips and sticks of rock. Add in some of the country’s nicer beaches at the bottom of sheers cliffs and you have Scarborough in a nutshell. The town on the Yorkshire coast almost feels like it's trapped in the Victorian era. The Grand Hotel dominates the cliff-tops while the Scarborough Spa continues to draw visitors from around the country. A lot of the town’s architecture has that distinctive flamboyant style and the atmosphere is genially olde-worlde. Despite its historical feel, it remains a fun and friendly place to enjoy the English summertime. What are the best things to do in Scarborough? Start your day on South Bay Beach Go for a paddle in the North Sea The South Bay Beach is iconic in Scarborough, thanks to its soft sand, amusement arcades, donkey rides and the imposing Grand Hotel looking down from the cliff tops. You can still ride the historical cliff lifts down to the beach from the hotel, like a Victorian-era holidaymaker. On a sunny summer day, South Beach can be as busy and fun as any Mediterranean beach, though the North Sea is a lot less inviting. It’s generally okay to dip your toes in, but very few people go beyond knee depth. On the other side of the headland, North Bay Beach has a Blue Flag award for cleanliness and is also busy on nice days, but has fewer nearby attractions. So if you're looking for a more tranquil stay, check out the hotels in the North Bay area. Parasta täällä: Must-See: Scarborough SEA LIFE Sanctuary Visit the seal hospital and help serve breakfast The Scarborough SEA LIFE Sanctuary contains 12 themed zones, each home to a different environment and different sea creatures. Highlights include the blacktip reef sharks, peacock mantis shrimp, and giant Japanese spider crabs. The shark tank, with its shipwreck and ocean tunnel, is especially fun. The most remarkable part of the sanctuary is the seal hospital, which cares for over 30 injured seal pups every year. If you make a special booking, you can help with feeding the resident seals their breakfast. Sijainti: Scalby Mills Road, Scarborough YO12 6RP, UK Aukioloajat: Daily from 10am to 5pm Puhelinnumero: +44 (0)1723 373414 Valokuva: Mike Peel (CC BY-SA 4.0) muokattu Shop at Scarborough Market Hall & Vaults Enjoy local produce in an interesting historical market The Scarborough Market Hall & Vaults is a heavily renovated historical building, and home to a modern market with a traditional feel. In the main hall, you’ll find local produce as well as stalls selling unique jewellery, gifts, clothes and art, among other things. The Vaults are underneath the hall, and contain even more shops, with a focus on antiques and handicrafts. Aside from just shopping, the market and its hall is something of a cultural space in Scarborough, with a programme of special events. There’s also a very good food court overlooking the hall. Sijainti: St. Helen’s Square, Scarborough YO11 1EU, UK Aukioloajat: Monday – Saturday from 9am to 5pm (closed on Sundays) Shoppailijat Visit Jurassic Scarborough at Rotunda Museum Explore one of the world’s first purpose-built museums The Rotunda Museum’s exhibition covers the extremely ancient history of the area. Highlights of the collection include dinosaur fossils, Stone Age tools and a Bronze Age coffin. These fascinating items are set out in an equally fascinating and historical building. Among the world’s first purpose-built museums, the old circular building and its trick-eye ceiling are as interesting to see as the exhibits. The outside of the Rotunda Museum is quite iconic and is next to the iconic Grand Hotel and the Spa Bridge – a historical footbridge over the valley containing some lovely parkland, as well as the Scarborough Art Gallery. It’s quite the cultural hotspot. Sijainti: Vernon Road, Scarborough YO11 2PS, UK Aukioloajat: Tuesday – Sunday from 10am to 5pm (closed on Mondays) Eat fish & chips at Scarborough Harbour Don’t forget to add salt and vinegar! The historical harbour has been at the heart of Scarborough for centuries. The fishermen still bring in their fresh catches every day, so it’s no surprise that the harbour is also a hub of excellent seafood restaurants. Naturally, the dish of choice is the traditional fish and chips, available from great places like Winking Willy’s, First Catch, and Harbour View Café. As the name suggests, Harbour View offers great scenery across the sheltered moorings, towards the old lighthouse. Waking up to these views is also possible from your own hotel room, browse the options in the area here. A classic serving of English fish & chips is often enjoyed as a takeaway, wrapped in paper and eaten with a wooden fork. Adding plenty of vinegar softens up the crispy batter around the flaky cod or haddock, as well as giving the meal a distinctive tang. Must-See: Scarborough Castle Enjoy fantastic views over the town from the battle-damaged parapet The 12th-century Scarborough Castle overlooks the town from the rocky headland between the North and South Bays. It has endured five sieges, but was left in its current ruined state by the English Civil War. Even so, it continues to attract a lot of visitors (fortunately, not so many of them are soldiers these days). Take a walk along the battlements for fantastic views across Scarborough. While you’re there, check out the beautiful old St Mary’s Church. Look around the graveyard for the final resting place of Anne Brontë – the youngest of the famous Brontë literary sisters. Sijainti: Castle Road, Scarborough YO11 1HY, UK Explore Scarborough’s Old Town Buy a stick of seaside rock The narrow old streets behind the harbour and South Bay Beach are not only appealing for their charming historical look, but they’re also home to great selection of shops and cafés. You’ll find a few of the big high street brands like Marks and Spencer and New Look, but the majority of the shops are little local places with some weird and wonderful wares. There’s an especially good choice of sweet shops around Scarborough. Seaside sticks of rock – a boiled sugar sweet – are an English institution and you’ll be spoiled for choice in Scarborough. There are also quite a few amusement arcades and casinos. Watch a naval battle in Peasholm Park Visit the secret Peasholm Glen Peasholm Park is as much a place of excitement as it is quiet contemplation. At 3pm every Saturday, during the summer months (June to August), model warships set sail on the large lake near the beach to do battle, with aircraft and explosions adding to the tussle. When the miniature navies aren’t in action, you can rent a boat and go rowing around the large central island with a distinctive Japanese pagoda in the centre. If you want to stay on dry land, walk among the trees alongside Peasholm Beck to discover the beautiful secret garden at the opposite end of the park. Some of the trees along the way are exotic species, such American red oaks and Chusan palms. Sijainti: North Bay, Scarborough YO12 7TR, UK Epätavallinen Valokuva: dom fellowes (CC BY 2.0) muokattu Listen to the orchestra at Scarborough Spa Relive the town’s glorious heyday What makes this particular live music and events space interesting and worth visiting is its unique history and setting. Built in the Victorian era, right on the cliffs overlooking the South Bay Beach, the Spa has a wonderful historical look, but is fitted with modern facilities. The Spa is home to one of the last remaining seaside orchestras, playing their classical oom-pah tunes and upbeat classical

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music in the salty sea breeze, just as they did in town’s glory days. The setting, on the suncourt or in the Grand Hall, makes it quite a memorable performance. They only play during the summer months, so plan your trip accordingly and make sure to book your accommodation in advance. Browse the hotel options located near Scarborough Spa. Sijainti: South St, Scarborough YO11 2HD, UK End the day with a show at the Stephen Joseph Theatre Watch a classic play or a live-streamed concert Scarborough has quite a lively theatre scene, with several great venues around the small town. Among the best is the Stephen Joseph Theatre. It's easy to find, alongside the Scarborough Spa. They showcase a mix of classic and modern shows and, while you’re not especially likely to see any really famous actors on stage, the performances are top-notch. The theatre itself is quite compact, so you won’t be struggling to see or hear the plays. There’s a small art gallery and a good bar on-site, with a number of restaurants immediately around the modern venue. When the action isn’t live, the theatre will often show classic movies and even stream major events from around the world. Sijainti: Westborough, Scarborough YO11 1JW, UK Aukioloajat: Monday – Saturday from 10am to 8pm, Sundays only on performance days Ben Reeves | Intohimoinen matkaaja 7 Best Family Things to Do in Scarborough 10 Best Things to Do in Harrogate 8 Best Family Things to Do in Harrogate 10 Best Things to Do in Sheffield Aiheeseen liittyviä juttuja 10 Ways to Experience the Great Outdoors in Yorkshire 7 Best Family Things to Do in Sheffield Cornwall (county) Dorset (county) St. Helier<|endoftext|>layout: post title: Needle Master --- I put the source of my Needle Master android game on GitHub for the first time today, so that other people can take a look and possibly use it or modify it themselves. ![Needle Master logo](https://github.com/cpaxton/needlemaster/raw/master/app/src/main/res/drawable-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png "Needle Master logo") The goals of Needle Master were to: * Have a variety of levels with repeated structure * Incorporate complex obstacles and hazards to avoid * Allow researchers to record gameplay for analysis and learning Take a look at the code [here](https://github.com/cpaxton/needlemaster) or download from the Google Play store [here](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.jhu.lcsr.needlemaster). <|endoftext|>Q: Can't display image in listview from database mysql I will display the image in listview android from mysql database using php, json but the image can't be displayed. link_image should show the location of the image to be but it does not display a valid location. Please help me. Thank you status.php <?php // array for JSON response $response = array(); // include file koneksi.php include_once("connect.php"); $query = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM status order by id_status desc"); if (mysql_num_rows($query) > 0) { $response["data_status"] = array(); while($baris = mysql_fetch_array ($query)) { $id_status=$baris['id_status']; $status=$baris['status']; $id1=$baris['id_user']; $id2=$baris['id_user_tujuan']; $tanggal=$baris['tgl']; $awalan = substr($id1, 0,2); $awalan2 = substr($id2, 0,2); switch($awalan) { case 'ad': $name=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($name)) { $nama2= $baris2['nama']; } break; case 'al': $name=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($name)) { $name2= $baris2['name']; $link_image=$baris2['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSD/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSD/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; case 'pd': $nama=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama)) { $nama2= $baris2['nama']; } break; case 'pl': $nama=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama)) { $nama2= $baris2['nama']; $link_image=$baris2['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMP/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMP/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; case'md': $nama=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama)) { $nama2= $baris2['nama']; } break; case'ml': $nama=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id1'"); // echo $nama; while($baris2 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama)) { //$data_status["nama_alumni"] = stripslashes($baris2["nama"]); $nama2= $baris2['nama']; //$data_status["nama_alumni"] = $nama2; $link_image=$baris2['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMA/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMA/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; } switch($awalan2) { case 'ad': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; } break; case 'al': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { //$nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; //$data_status["nama_al

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umni"] = $nama2; $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; //$data_status["nama_alumni_tujuan"] = $nama3; $link_image=$baris_nama1['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSD/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSD/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; case 'pd': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; } break; case 'pl': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; $link_image=$baris_nama1['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMP/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMP/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; case'md': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM admin where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; } break; case'ml': $nama_tujuan=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM alumni where id_user = '$id2'"); // echo $nama; while($baris_nama1 = mysql_fetch_array ($nama_tujuan)) { $nama3= $baris_nama1['nama']; $link_image=$baris_nama1['foto']; $query_foto1 = mysql_query("SELECT foto FROM alumni where foto = '$link_image'"); $foto1 = mysql_fetch_array ($query_foto1); if($foto1 == "belum upload") { $image = 'http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMA/img/default.png'; } else { $image = "http://localhost/PortalAlumniSMA/photo/".$baris2['foto']; } } break; } $jum=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM komen where id_status='$id_status'"); $total= mysql_num_rows($jum); if($id1==$id2){ $data_status["nama_alumni"] = $nama2; $data_status["link_image"] = $image; }else if($id1!=$id2){ $data_status["nama_alumni"] = $nama2; $data_status["nama_alumni_tujuan"] = $nama3; $data_status["link_image"] = $image; } // temp user array $data_status = array(); $data_status["id_user"] = $baris["id_user"]; $data_status["id_status"] = $baris["id_status"]; $data_status["id_user_tujuan"] = $baris["id_user_tujuan"]; $data_status["status"] = stripslashes($baris["status"]); $data_status["date"] = stripslashes($baris["tgl"]); $data_status["jml"] = $total; // menampilkan hasil query dalam bentuk array array_push($response["data_status"], $data_status); } // success $response["success"] = 1; // echoing JSON response echo json_encode($response); }else { // tidak ada data $response["success"] = 0; $response["message"] = "Tidak Ada Data"; // echoing JSON response echo json_encode($response); } ?> Display json {"data_status":[{"nama_alumni":"susa","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSMP\/photo\/","id_user":"plsusa@mail.com","id_status":"40","id_user_tujuan":"plsusa@mail.com","status":"ko","date":"April 2, 2014, 11:00 pm","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"cumin"},{"nama_alumni":"susa","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSMP\/photo\/","id_user":"plsusa@mail.com","id_status":"36","id_user_tujuan":"plsusa@mail.com","status":"dfdsg","date":"April 2, 2014, 9:19 pm","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"cumin"},{"nama_alumni":"cumin","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSD\/photo\/","id_user":"altest@mail.com","id_status":"35","id_user_tujuan":"alcandramarlina@ymail.com","status":"hhg","date":"April 2, 2014, 2:49 pm","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"candra kasih"},{"nama_alumni":"cumin","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSD\/photo\/","id_user":"altest@mail.com","id_status":"33","id_user_tujuan":"alcandra.ratri@gmail.com","status":"","date":"April 2, 2014, 2:41 pm","jml":1,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"kasih"},{"nama_alumni":"cumin","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSD\/photo\/","id_user":"altest@mail.com","id_status":"29","id_user_tujuan":"alcandramarlina@ymail.com","status":"ayoo","date":"March 22, 2014, 6:49 am","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"candra kasih"},{"nama_alumni":"kasih","link_image":"http:\/\/localhost\/PortalAlumniSD\/photo\/","id_user":"alcandra.ratri@gmail.com","id_status":"13","id_user_tujuan":"alcandra.ratri@gmail.com","status":"retertert","date":"March 5, 2014, 2:06 pm","jml":0,"nama_alumni_tujuan":"candra kasih"}],"success":1} This code my app in android : import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.json.JSONArray; import org.json.JSONException; import org.json.JSONObject; import com.portalalumni.LoginActivity.UserLoginTask; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Fragment; import android.app.ProgressDialog; import android.app.SearchManager; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.res.Configuration;

redpajama

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import android.database.Cursor; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle; import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat; import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout; import android.util.Log; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuInflater; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.SearchView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private ListView mDrawerList; private DrawerLayout mDrawer; private CustomActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle; private String[] menuItems; private ArrayList<NsMenuItemModel> nsMenuItemModel; SessionManager session; // Progress Dialog private ProgressDialog pDialog; // Creating JSON Parser object JSONParser jParser = new JSONParser(); ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> DataStatus; // url private static String url_data_status = "http://10.0.2.2/alumni/status.php"; // JSON Node names public static final String TAG_SUCCESS = "success"; public static final String TAG_DATA_STATUS = "data_status"; public static final String TAG_ID_USER = "id_user"; public static final String TAG_ID_STATUS = "id_status"; public static final String TAG_ID_USER_TUJUAN = "id_user_tujuan"; public static final String TAG_DATE = "date"; public static final String TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI = "nama_alumni"; public static final String TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN = "nama_alumni_tujuan"; //public static final String TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN3 = "nama_alumni_tujuan"; public static final String TAG_STATUS = "status"; public static final String TAG_TOTAL = "jml"; public static final String TAG_LINK_IMAGE = "link_image"; public static final String TAG_LINK_IMAGE1 = "link_image1"; // daftar_rs JSONArray JSONArray data_status = null; ListView list; String id_user,email,success; ListStatus adapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); session = new SessionManager(getApplicationContext()); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "User Login Status: " + session.isLoggedIn(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG) .show(); session.checkLogin(); //Hashmap from login HashMap<String, String> user = session.getUserDetails(); email = user.get(SessionManager.KEY_EMAIL); id_user = user.get(SessionManager.KEY_IDUSER); // Hashmap for ListView DataStatus = new ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>>(); // Loading daftar rumah sakit in Background Thread new LoadStatusActivity().execute(); // Get listview list = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list); list.setAdapter(new ListStatus(this, DataStatus)); // React to user clicks on item list.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parentAdapter, View view, int position, long id) { HashMap<String, String> selectedItem = DataStatus.get(position); //To-DO get you data from the ItemDetails Getter // selectedItem.get() // the send the data using intent when opening another activity Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CommentActivity.class); intent.putExtra("id_status",selectedItem.get(TAG_ID_STATUS)); startActivity(intent); } }); // enable ActionBar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true); getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true); mDrawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout); // set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer // opens mDrawer.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow, GravityCompat.START); _initMenu(); mDrawerToggle = new CustomActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawer); mDrawer.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle); } private void _initMenu() { NsMenuAdapter mAdapter = new NsMenuAdapter(this); // Add first block menuItems = getResources().getStringArray( R.array.menu); String[] menuItemsIcon = getResources().getStringArray( R.array.menu_items_icon); nsMenuItemModel = new ArrayList<NsMenuItemModel>(); // adding nav drawer items to array nsMenuItemModel.add(new NsMenuItemModel(menuItems[0], menuItemsIcon.length)); nsMenuItemModel.add(new NsMenuItemModel(menuItems[1], menuItemsIcon.length)); nsMenuItemModel.add(new NsMenuItemModel(menuItems[2], menuItemsIcon.length)); nsMenuItemModel.add(new NsMenuItemModel(menuItems[2], menuItemsIcon.length)); int res = 0; for (String item : menuItems) { int id_title = getResources().getIdentifier(item, "string", this.getPackageName()); int id_icon = getResources().getIdentifier(menuItemsIcon[res], "drawable", this.getPackageName()); NsMenuItemModel mItem = new NsMenuItemModel(id_title, id_icon); //if (res==1) mItem.counter=12; //it is just an example... //if (res==3) mItem.counter=3; //it is just an example... mAdapter.addItem(mItem); res++; } mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.drawer); if (mDrawerList!= null) mDrawerList.setAdapter(mAdapter); mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new DrawerItemClickListener()); } @Override protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState); // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred. mDrawerToggle.syncState(); } @Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater(); inflater.inflate(R.menu.main, menu); return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); } /* Called whenever we call invalidateOptionsMenu() */ @Override public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // If the nav drawer is open, hide action items related to the content view boolean drawerOpen = mDrawer.isDrawerOpen(mDrawerList); menu.findItem(R.id.action_search).setVisible(!drawerOpen); menu.findItem(R.id.action_new_status).setVisible(!drawerOpen); return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu); } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { /* * The action bar home/up should open or close the drawer. * ActionBarDrawerToggle will take care of this. */ if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) { return true; } // Handle action bar actions click switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.action_search: search(); return true; case R.id.action_new_status: newstatus(); return true; default: return super.

redpajama

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onOptionsItemSelected(item); } } private void newstatus() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, NewStatusActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void search() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SearchAlumniActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void profile() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ProfileActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void home() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MainActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void inbox() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent i = null; i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, InboxActivity.class); startActivity(i); } private void logout() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub session.logoutUser(); finish(); } private class CustomActionBarDrawerToggle extends ActionBarDrawerToggle { public CustomActionBarDrawerToggle(Activity mActivity,DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout){ super( mActivity, mDrawerLayout, R.drawable.ic_drawer, R.string.menu_open, R.string.menu_close); } @Override public void onDrawerClosed(View view) { getActionBar().setTitle(getString(R.string.menu_close)); invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu() } @Override public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) { getActionBar().setTitle(getString(R.string.menu_open)); invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu() } } private class DrawerItemClickListener implements ListView.OnItemClickListener { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { // Highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the drawer // update selected item and title, then close the drawer mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true); switch (position) { case 0: profile(); break; case 1: home(); break; case 2: inbox(); break; case 3: logout(); break; default: break; } mDrawer.closeDrawer(mDrawerList); } } public static void unbindDrawables(View view) { if (view!= null) { if (view.getBackground()!= null) { view.getBackground().setCallback(null); } if (view instanceof ViewGroup) { for (int i = 0; i < ((ViewGroup) view).getChildCount(); i++) { unbindDrawables(((ViewGroup) view).getChildAt(i)); } try { ((ViewGroup) view).removeAllViews(); } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) { // No problem, nothing to do here } } } } /*** Updating parsed JSON data into ListView * */ public void SetListViewAdapter(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> status) { adapter = new ListStatus(this, status); list.setAdapter(adapter); } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode,data); // if result code 100 if (resultCode == 100) { // if result code 100 is received // means user edited/deleted record // reload this screen again Intent intent = getIntent(); finish(); startActivity(intent); } } /*** Background Async Task to Load all record data by making HTTP Request * */ class LoadStatusActivity extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> { /*** Before starting background thread Show Progress Dialog * */ @Override protected void onPreExecute() { super.onPreExecute(); pDialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this); pDialog.setMessage("Loading..."); pDialog.setIndeterminate(false); pDialog.setCancelable(false); pDialog.show(); } /*** getting All record data from url * */ protected String doInBackground(String... args) { // Building Parameters List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); // getting JSON string from URL JSONObject json = jParser.makeHttpRequest(url_data_status, "GET", params); // Check your log cat for JSON reponse Log.d("Status: ", json.toString()); try { // Checking for SUCCESS TAG int success = json.getInt(TAG_SUCCESS); if (success == 1) { // Ada record Data (SUCCESS = 1) // Getting Array of data_alumni data_status = json.getJSONArray(TAG_DATA_STATUS); // looping through All data_alumni for (int i = 0; i < data_status.length(); i++) { JSONObject c = data_status.getJSONObject(i); // Storing each json item in variable String id_user = c.getString(TAG_ID_USER); String id_status = c.getString(TAG_ID_STATUS); String id_user_tujuan = c.getString(TAG_ID_USER); String date = c.getString(TAG_DATE); String jml = c.getString(TAG_TOTAL); String nama_alumni = c.getString(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI); String nama_alumni_tujuan = c.getString(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN); //String nama_alumni_tujuan3 = c.getString(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN3); String status = c.getString(TAG_STATUS); String link_image = c.getString(TAG_LINK_IMAGE); String link_image1 = c.getString(TAG_LINK_IMAGE1); // creating new HashMap HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String,String>(); // adding each child node to HashMap key => value map.put(TAG_ID_USER, id_user); map.put(TAG_ID_STATUS, id_status); map.put(TAG_ID_USER_TUJUAN, id_user_tujuan); map.put(TAG_DATE, date); map.put(TAG_TOTAL, jml); map.put(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI, nama_alumni); map.put(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN, nama_alumni_tujuan); //map.put(TAG_NAMA_ALUMNI_TUJUAN3, nama_alumni_tujuan3); map.put(TAG_STATUS, status); map.put(TAG_LINK_IMAGE, link_image); map.put(TAG_LINK_IMAGE1, link_image1); // adding HashList to ArrayList DataStatus.add(map); } } else { // Tidak Ada Record Data (SUCCESS = 0) super.onCancelled(); } } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /*** After completing background task Dismiss the progress dialog * **/ protected void onPostExecute(String file_url) { // dismiss the dialog after getting all record data alumni pDialog.dismiss(); // updating UI from Background Thread runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { public void run() { // updating listview SetListViewAdapter(DataStatus); } }); } } /**

redpajama

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It is estimated that people spend 90% of their time indoors and 50% or more of each day inside their homes. No wonder our home environment is now being seen as a major influence on our health and well-being. 1. Keep it dry. Take care of leaks and moisture problems as quickly as possible to avoid problems with mold, pests, and the development of structural problems. Health effects reported to be related to mold and moisture are upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms and asthma. Beside leaks, some other causes of excess moisture are poor drainage or rainwater control, condensation, unvented combustion appliances, and unsealed crawl spaces. Optimal indoor relative humidity is 45-55%. 2. Keep it clean. A home that is kept clean reduces exposure to allergens, pests, pesticides, heavy metals and chemical contaminants, all frequent contaminants of house dust. Reduce clutter and use materials in your home that are easy to clean and maintain. Remove shoes when entering the house to minimize dust, pesticides, and allergens. Clean carpets frequently or switch to resilient flooring. Try to use non-toxic cleaning products in the home. 3. Keep it pest-free. Pests in the home have been associated with health problems, including asthma symptoms from dust mites, cockroaches and mouse dander. Rodents can also carry serious diseases. Homes with pest problems are more likely to use and store pesticides, which can cause serious health effects. If pests are in your home, seal all entry points where they may be entering, but use a certified pesticide applicator if you have an infestation that requires pesticides. 4. Keep it safe. Falls are the most common cause of injury in the home, followed by poisoning and fires/burns. Prevent falls with handrails on both sides of staircases, child safety gates, and grab rails in the bath. Lock medications and hazardous chemicals/products in a secure location. Use smoke and carbon monoxide alarms and turn down the temperature on the water heater to prevent scalding. 5. Keep it contaminant-Free. Many contaminants make their way into our homes, intentionally or unknowingly. The more common indoor air contaminants are tobacco smoke, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), asbestos, radon, and lead. VOC’s, present in many products such as paint, carpet, adhesives, and cleaning products, can often be avoided by purchasing no-VOC or low-VOC options. Make sure to ventilate your home if using products containing VOC’s. Asbestos may be present in pipe or duct insulation, resilient floors, vermiculite insulation, etc. If it is in good condition, leave it alone. The danger is that when disturbed, fibers are released and inhaled. If it needs to be disturbed, have it done by a professional. Have you had your home tested for radon? Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is colorless, odorless and enters buildings from the soil. Although it causes no early symptoms, over time it causes lung cancer. Testing for radon is simple and inexpensive, and radon problems can be corrected. Lead is a common contaminant in older homes due to the use of lead in paints until 1978. Dust from lead-based paint is the most common source of lead poisoning in children today. Before doing any renovation work on your home, have it tested for lead and if present, choose a lead-certified contractor/painter. 6. Keep it ventilated. Higher rates of respiratory irritation and illness occur in housing with poor ventilation. Proper ventilation can also dilute and reduce the hazards of contaminants. Make sure all combustion appliances, kitchens and bathrooms have exhaust ventilation. Whole house ventilation which supplies controlled amounts of fresh air is best. 7. Keep it maintained. Proper maintenance of a home requires regular inspections, cleaning, lubrication, repair or replacement of non-functional systems, and an organized system or checklist for maintenance. Have heating systems maintained every 1-2 years depending on your system, act quickly to repair leaks, control pests, etc. For more information on healthy homes, indoor air quality, lead or radon testing, call the CCE Consumer HelpLine at (607) 272-2292 or visit our website, www.ccetompkins/home.<|endoftext|>Q: Throwing view not found but it does InvalidOperationException: The view 'Register' was not found. The following locations were searched: /Views/Account/Register.cshtml /Views/Shared/Register.cshtml Getting this error. In my account controller, I have: public class AccountController : Controller { [HttpGet] public IActionResult Register() { return View(); } [HttpGet] public IActionResult Login() { return View(); } } The view clearly exists: I have tried both just in Account(where it should be..), just in shared, and in both as seen below. Same error each time. Login works just fine. I have tried a clean build and get the same issue. A: set routes.MapRoute on the project that you created <|endoftext|>Q: Surround selection into array I am aware about surrounding selection in quotes or braces PhpStorm wrap/surround selection? I need similar but surround selection into array Assume I have text separated with newline or text separated with space a b c d e a b c d e I need after selection get [a,b,c,d,e] Please advice any IDE or method how to achieve this A: A no-brainer solution Make sure the following option is enabled: For text separated with spaces: * *Select the 'array-to-be', hit Ctrl+R and R again (to enter 'In selection' mode) *Type a space in the first field,, in the second *Click 'Replace all', hit Esc *With the text still selected, press [: the closing bracket will be added automatically For multi-line text: * *Select the 'array-to-be', hit Ctrl+R, enable 'Regex' *Type \n + in the first field,, in the second *Click 'Replace all', hit Esc *With the text still selected, press [: the closing bracket will be added automatically The sequence of actions can be wrapped into a macro and assigned a single shortcut. A: Vim + Surround plugin. Enter visual mode, select what you need and press S]. A: The first group could be created by: :%s/\v(\w)(\n)*/\1,/g | exec "norm! I[\<Esc>A]" It takes care of: a b ... \v........... very magic regex ()........... regex group (\w)......... letters (\n)*........ zero or more line breaks \1........... repeat content of the first regex group <|endoftext|>This page contains 7th grade math games online which kids can use to review and practice at their spare time. Each game is a math test with multiple choice questions which aid in mentally solving problems. These games are interactive, online 24 hours on 7 and can work on all devices (Ipad and Android mobile devices). For children who need more seventh grade math practice on algebra, geometry, scientific notation, roots of numbers, exponents, percentages, order of operations and more, this is the page to visit. These games are free and can be used both at home and in school. Prepare your final exams with the variety of games we offer (fishing game, wheel spin game, wheel spin game, coffee machine fill up game, monster board game, and more to come.<|endoftext|>Episyron coccineipes é uma espécie de insetos himenópteros, mais especificamente de vespas pertencente à família Pompilidae. A autoridade científica da espécie é Saunders, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1901. Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português. Referências Episyron coccineipes - de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2013) Fauna Europaea version 2.6. Web Service available online at http://www.faunaeur.org (consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2014). Ligações externas Episyron coccineipes - Biodiversity Heritage Library - Bibliografia Episyron coccineipes - NCBI Taxonomy Database Episyron coccineipes - Global Biodiversity Information Facility Episyron coccineipes - Encyclopedia of Life Himenópteros de Portugal coccineipes Himenópteros descritos em 1901<|endoftext|>The Spiritual Warfare of Bullshit Jobs book review / philosophy “The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.“ Even at the start of humanity, humans were given a purpose: to work; to deal with adversity; to make things happen. That’s not the case today, we’re not existentially given anything in the form of meaning. And increasingly so, it looks as if we cannot look to our jobs as a substitute for meaning either. We stick to what we know by hanging out with the same groups

redpajama

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of people. That’s a factor to our current stratification today – elites in technology or the paper belt are hardly in sync with blue collar workers. Children are told that if they go to university, they’ll be happier and more successful with their white collar jobs. However, rates of depression are highest amongst those who had a privileged upbringing. Why is this the case and what molds a problem into a crisis? Forget the first rule, we need to be talking about the modern-day fight club of hopelessness. The record levels of anxiety and depression have its roots in a deeper cause. A book I finished (in a day!) and found highly interesting was David Graeber’s Bullshit Jobs. In it, he discusses how over 40% of people in the UK feel as though their jobs are useless – you could remove them from their positions and nobody would notice. Some are making over six figures and still feel as though they negatively contribute to society. A paycheck doesn’t inscribe value into someone – they need to feel like their life actually has purpose. To clarify, a bullshit job is defined as: “A form of paid employment that is so completely pointless, unnecessary, or pernicious that even the employee cannot justify its existence even though, as part of the conditions of employment, the employee feels obliged to pretend that this is not the case.” Intuitively, we’ve all been in the position of feeling like our work is unnecessary. Whether in school, where we cannot read what we want even when we’ve finished all our homework or in the more accurate model of the workplace, where we have to pretend to look busy so as to avoid the wrath of our boss and peers. It’s akin to the wrestling’s Kayfabe where wrestlers pretend to fight each other; in reality it’s all scripted. Graeber makes a substantial point that capitalism was meant to remove waste in the workplace with creative destruction, rending inefficient firms. Entrepreneurs enter new areas and businesses that cannot survive are culled from nature. Nevertheless, that hasn’t been the case since the 1970s. The information revolution created wondrous and interesting jobs, but also led to the growth of PE firms and the derivatives crisis of 2008. “Financialization” has permeated western culture and with it, more MBAs than ever and bureaucracies taking the place of any actual work. The sad part is that once the sociopathic bureaucrats come into the picture, it’s impossible to reel them back; you can only replace them with something better. In the meantime, people have to work at these firms and deal with the vicious cycle of poor management. Overall, BS jobs fall into four distinct branches: flunkies, goons, duct tapers, box tickers, and taskmasters. Flunkies are people who make others look good while goons are those pernicious PR/marketers who advertise products that sell by causing insecurity in their viewers. Duct tapers fix and repair boring problems (ie software from open-source code) and box tickers along with taskmasters are your average middle-men bureaucrats like Michael Scott from the Office. But how does this relate to mental health? There is a multitude of research saying how time spent social media has a strong correlation with mental illness. The more time one spends on Facebook or Instagram, the more they compare their life to others and inevitably come up short. Photoshop beats reality. However, one reason they’re spending much more time than ever before on these online platforms is because their jobs or school lack challenge and they never fall into flow. One theory of happiness says that we feel content when we have achieved more than our parents. In our world, where people are still reeling from the Great Recession and are working three jobs in the gig economy, it’s tough that they ever get to feel this way. Some of the people Graeber interviewed stated that working a mind-numbing job was a form of spiritual warfare on their souls. The dullness day in and day out was a punishment to their sense of being. Take the case of Nouri who works at a prestigious corporate office as a programmer: “ I used to have to go literally “insane” to get into work. Scrub away “me” and become the thing that can do this work. Afterward, I’d often need a day to recover; to remember who I am. (If I didn’t, I’d become an acerbic, nitpicky person to people in my private life, enraged over tiny things.) So I’d have to find all sorts of mental technologies to make my work bearable. The most effective motivations were deadlines and rage. (For example, pretending I was slighted, so I’d “show them” with my excellent productivity.) But as a result, it was hard to organize the different parts of me, the ancient things which cohere into “me”; they quickly went off-kilter. In contrast, I could stay up late for hours working on workplace organizer stuff, like teaching coworkers how to negotiate, programming, project management... I was most fully myself then. My imagination and logic worked in concert. Until I saw dreams and had to sleep.” It’s clear that work was causing a bipolar behaviour in Nouri – he couldn’t be himself at the office and it was eating him alive balancing his personalities. But he takes up a new hobby within work – a side-hustle if you will. “I began to introduce myself to people by saying that programming is my day job, and workplace organizer is my real job. My workplace subsidizes my activism.” People come into work only to pretend to do their jobs and then do something else that satisfies them. Keynes was right. We work fewer deeper hours but still play the guise of 40 hour work weeks. I think remote work is a great trend in this case – we don’t really need as much face time anymore with tools like Zoom, Notion, etc. Human productivity is our best resource, let’s use it more efficiently. Previous PostTo See Paris and Die Next PostThe Modern Proletariat<|endoftext|>Last Updated: Wednesday, 02 December 2020 08:13 A personal, fair and diverse NHS is one where: everyone counts services are personal, designed to give patients what they want and need fairness is built in- so that everyone has equal opportunities and treatment the skills and experiences of employees from all backgrounds are used and valued people can choose the services they want and have as much support as they need everyone is treated with dignity and respect, and when they complain - we listen and put things right talent flourishes and nothing stops people going as far as they want we are accountable and patients are informed and have more control care doesn’t stop at the door, but helps people live healthier lives This is what our equality & diversity work at Ashford & St. Peter’s Hospitals is all about, and the information on these pages provide more detail about what we are doing to achieve this. We meet the criteria to use the Employment Services disability symbol (we hold a Disability Employment Advisor’s Certificate). The Trust has a Diversity and Equality Steering Group, which oversees all diversity and equality activities and standards within the Trust. The Trust is also part of the North West Surrey Strategy on Equality and Diversity. Read our annual reports The Equality Act 2010 (Specific Duties and Public Authorities) Regulations 2017 set out a public authority's gender pay gap reporting duties, which form part of its public sector equality duty under the Equality Act 2010. The regulations require that employers, with 250 or more employees, publish their gender pay gap annually by 31st March. This report publishes our Gender Pay Gap based on the snapshot date of 31 March 2018 and will be published on our website by 30th March 2019. Our Gender Pay Gap will also be uploaded on to the government's website where the public can find and compare our Trust's data with other organisations. Download the 2018/19 Report We have procedures and policies in place that make staff aware of the issues surrounding many forms of discrimination including bullying, harassment, whistle-blowing, tackling violence, racial and other forms of discrimination. Your Local Black and Minority Ethnic Network Mission statement: To work in partnership with the Trust and the Health and Social Care BME network to promote and advance equality, diversity and inclusion agenda of the Trust. Your 2 co-chairs are Hardev Gill and Jacqueline Ince. Hardev Gill has worked in the Trust for almost 5 years and is the Associate Director of Operations for Women’s Health and Paediatrics and worked in TASCC before this role. Jacqueline Ince has worked in the Trust for 11 years as a Consultant in Acute Medicine and Diabetes and Endocrinology. We are looking for more members to join our vibrant team. Please email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. if you would like to hear more! We are a Stonewall Diversity Champion The Trust is committed to ensuring the needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bi and Trans (LGBT+) employees and service users are understood and met both in policy and practice. We have joined Stonewall (LGB charity) to help us to achieve those aims. Freedom to Speak Up: Whistle-Blowing The Trust’s Freedom to Speak Up Policy provides guidance for staff on raising concerns that incorporate the requirements the Trust has as a responsible employer both ethically and by statute. We want to provide a working environment in which workers can raise genuine issues of concern without fear of retribution. Employees are encouraged

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Representative offices (ROs) are an attractive way for foreign investors to get a feel for a given market in Asia, as they are the easiest type of foreign investment structure to set up. The defining characteristic of ROs are their limited business scope – ROs are generally forbidden from engaging in any profit-seeking activities – but they are excellent investment vehicles for foreign companies to better understand a country prior to full market entry, or as a communication channel between that country and HQ. The set-up procedures and structure of an RO varies across Asia. Over the past few years, Asia Briefing has detailed how ROs function across different Asian markets, including in China, Vietnam, and India. In this article, we examine representative offices in Indonesia. With a total population exceeding 250 million, Indonesia is a great market opportunity for foreign companies seeking to expand their consumer base and bolster production. The majority of Indonesians are middle class and, at 28 years of age, the average citizen is at the height of their productivity and nearing peak consumption years. Firms seeking to increase their global footprint – in particular, through the establishment of regional production hubs – should therefore strongly consider Indonesia as an exciting entry point to ASEAN and the region at large. During the process of tapping into the archipelago’s emerging advantages, Indonesia – like any foreign market – can at times present complicated and often costly due diligence. Potential investors, and particularly those with limited resources, such as startups, may therefore need to explore the market to ensure operations are conducted in a seamless manner. By far the most common, Trade Representative Offices (TROs) are controlled under the Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal – BKPM). The range of activities that may be conducted by TROs, however, are quite narrow. In particular, they may not engage in trading, own production facilities, or undertake operational business activities. As a result of these limitations, TROs cannot accept orders, participate in tenders, sign contracts, or engage in the import, export or distribution of goods. Trade Representative Offices are mainly reserved for firms wishing to participate in marketing, promotional, and other information gathering activities on behalf of the parent company. Established for the purposes of entering into joint operation agreements with Indonesian entities, for the purpose of engaging in construction and/or construction consulting services, Construction Representative Offices (CROs) are is controlled under Ministry of Public Works. ROs require the employment of at least one employee as RO head. The RO head must submit curriculum vitae, education certificate, and valid ID card when completing RO registration. If the RO head is a foreign employee, the minimum education requirement is a bachelor degree with three years working experiences in a similar field. Please keep in mind that if an RO wishes to hire a foreign employee as the RO head, they also must hire at minimum three local employees as experts or administration staffs; proven by employment contract, copy of identification card, and salary slip. Following submission of registration paperwork to the BKPM, a license for the operation of the RO will be issued within a month. Although the validity of this license is set at three years, updated regulations have removed previous limitations on the number of renewals that could be applied for. Currently, following successful compliance with guidelines outline below, licenses may be renewed indefinitely. Similar to Limited Liability Companies, ROs are subject to a variety of compliance requirements. Although prohibited from conducting profit generating activities within Indonesia, it should be noted that RO compliance does include tax filing. Successful investment strategy in Indonesia continues to require careful procedures. All firms considering investment within this country should be sure to conduct a careful review of their opportunities and maintain clear a understanding of regulatory responsibilities. In the event that questions arise, relevant government officials or professional services should be contacted to ensure compliance. RO establishment can prove a complex and challenging procedure, even Indonesia nowadays is modernizing its economy policies to be investor friendly. With experience of helping companies set up business operations in the region, the specialists at Winnindo Business Consult are well placed to help companies overcome these challenges. For more information, please get in touch with our specialists at info@winnindo.com.<|endoftext|>Home News Study shows one out of three people throw batteries in the garbage Study shows one out of three people throw batteries in the garbage Madison E. Rowe Many Canadians living in the country’s most populous province are avid recyclers. But a new study suggests that the disposal of single-use batteries aren’t top of mind for Ontario households. The research was conducted by Environics Research Group for Stewardship Ontario. The private, not-for-profit company runs then province’s Orange Drop program. It found that a third of Ontarians (35 per cent) say they typically get rid of old batteries by throwing them in the garbage or including them in their Blue Box. Although the Blue Box may seem like a good place to toss those batteries, these items aren’t accepted in the program. And even those who normally do the right thing occasionally toss out a battery or two. One in three (33 per cent) admit they’ve thrown out a battery in the garbage in the past year. “It could be that you are hanging onto your batteries because you don’t know what to do with them, or simply putting them in the garbage with regular household waste because you don’t think only one battery matters,” said Paul Gerard, spokesperson for Stewardship Ontario. “We want to change both bad habits and encourage Ontarians to make battery recycling part of a positive habit. Some batteries contain materials that are harmful to our environment if disposed of incorrectly, and it’s everyone’s responsibility to ensure that doesn’t happen.” Nearly half (47 per cent) of those who throw batteries in the household trash say they do not know where to bring them. Meanwhile, four in ten (39 per cent) were unaware batteries should not be thrown out. And interestingly, two in ten (23 per cent) say they don’t use enough batteries for proper disposal to matter. Related: Land Pollution Recovery: The Reclamation of Sudbury Stewardship Ontario narrowed down their research findings even further. The team has found that certain segments of the population have certain battery disposal habits. The “Unaware and Uncaring” group is more likely to be young adults (under the age of 34) and make up 28 per cent of the population. They buy few batteries and are unaware of the proper recycling procedures. This segment is the most likely to throw their batteries into the regular garbage. Members of “Only if it’s Easy” (19 per cent of Ontarians) use an above average number of batteries, and while they are generally aware of the proper procedures for disposal they do not always follow through due to a perceived lack of convenience “Where, Why and How” Ontarians (15 per cent of the populations) support household recycling but are unaware of the proper procedures for disposal of used batteries. Of those who throw their batteries into the regular trash, nearly all (95 per cent) said they would be somewhat likely to change their ways if it was easier for them to recycle. And then there’s the case of the battery hoarder. It’s probably wise to assume that many junk drawers across the province are also seeing their fair share of used batteries. The survey reveals that the average household has 15 used batteries that are earmarked for recycling – but haven’t made it past the front door yet. Other survey highlights include: Nearly half (46 per cent) of respondents said that there should be fines imposed for not recycling, or that it should depend on circumstances, such as the type of material, the amount and the frequency of offenses. Households in Ontario on average have 12.6 products or appliances that require batteries. Given that there are 4.8 million households in Ontario, that’s more than 60 million batteries that could be recycled.1 Consumer technologies such as remote controls and cameras are the largest use of batteries, followed by safety devices such as smoke detectors and household appliances. And while parents may attest to the fact that Wii and remote control cars tend to eat up batteries the fastest, gaming devices and toys ranked lower on the reasons for a battery purchase. Related: Who Cares ‘Bout Kyoto? Stewardship Ontario has put out a list of common battery myths and attempted to expel them: Myth: Someone sorts out batteries and other potentially harmful wastes from my garbage. Fact: Many single-use batteries contain hazardous materials such as mercury and lead, which are known to be toxic to animals and humans. If not properly disposed of, these chemicals end up in landfills where they can leak into the ground and can create toxic mixtures that may flow into our drinking water. Although household batteries comprise a small fraction of total garbage, they are responsible for between 50 and 70 per cent of all heavy metals found in landfills. Myth: Once a battery dies, it has no other use. Fact: Used batteries still have life. Not only does separating batteries from your garbage prevent potentially harmful materials from contaminating our drinking water, but properly recycled batteries have valuable resources that can be recovered and used as new asingredients in producing new goods. In fact, it is much more efficient to recycle a metal than mine it from the ground. Myth: Recycling batteries is not convenient. Fact: There are more than 2,000 battery collection sites established throughout Ontario, consisting of municipal depots, special collection events and a network of retail stores, libraries, community centres, schools and other easily accessible drop-off points for consumers. Visit Makethedrop.ca to find the nearest drop-off centre to you simply by entering your postal code. Madison

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is a journalist/media consultant currently working in Toronto. Hyundai Will Use “Second Life” EV Batteries to Store Energy Volkswagen Is Using Google’s Quantum Computing Technology to Develop Specialized EV Batteries Zero Food Waste by 2025 as Walmart Canada Delivers $15M Commitment New Battery Breakthrough Could Revolutionize the Electric Car Sector Ontario Launches New Cleantech Strategy to Combat Climate Change Victoria’s Progressive Plastic Bag Ban Heads for Court June macArthur September 29, 2012 At 2:53 PM Why can’t we dispose of used batteries the same way Germany does? They have bins with different battery sizes and kids run to depoit then in the right sized hole. Recyckling becomes a fun thing to do. Selecting the Right Solar Battery for Your Residential Solar System Australia’s Tesla Solar Battery Turns a Profit Land Pollution Recovery: The Reclamation of Sudbury<|endoftext|>(08-02-2012 06:51 AM)WhiteEagle Wrote: I can adapt the reviews for the restaurant reviews, but I don't know if I could adapt anything to make that. I can use that for the restaurant reviews. I'm thinking I can use the articles for the recipes, with the filter options being breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks, or other. I fold for team 52482. Do you fold? If we want to create a filter for our custom thread fields, (I think) it is better if we think what we want to do with the filter, because XThreads 1.60 offers more powerful usage for the filter. The reasons why I create the numeric filters for the Restaurant Review and Comp Specs example applications is because we can use operators like <=> for numeric fields (if I don't misunderstand it). For example, later, we can filter restaurants that has Food rating > 3, Atmosphere >= 2 and Service = 5. We can filter comp that has HD space <= 1024 GB, Graphics Memory > 1024 MB and RAM < 2048 MB. I wonder if it would be possible to sort the restaurants by overall rating in descending order? It's the rating that describes the restaurant overall (like an average of the other scores when combined). I really do understand you. See the documentation for how to use sorting with custom thread fields. I wonder if XThreads could be used to create a story archive similar to what's at AFC Stories right now. It's powered by eFiction (efiction.org) currently, and I'm hoping to integrate it into Leet Link. What did I mess up on this form? The form contents are showing up top and not in the message area? Thanks very much,the app can sync joomla data?<|endoftext|>Q: Select last two years on multiple rows I want to select last 2 years from weeks (not depending on today's date), but my table contains multiple entries for the same week like this (example) : week product release -------|---------|--------- 11 xx zz 11 ab cd 12 yy ff 12 pp jj ... and so on until two years equivalent (104 weeks) Knowing that I won't have one row for each week, I can't use LIMIT 104. How can I do this query? I'm using MySQL. I've tried this but it returns one row for each week... SELECT * FROM t WHERE t.week = ANY ( SELECT t.week FROM t) LIMIT 0, 104; A: you could do something like: SELECT * FROM t WHERE t.week IN ( SELECT distinct week FROM t) LIMIT 0,104 A: I hope I understand you well: SELECT * FROM t WHERE week >= (SELECT MAX(week) FROM t) - 104 A: Try this buddy. SELECT * FROM t WHERE t.week>0 and (not t.week>104); <|endoftext|>Q: variable in BeautifulSoup find() method is not working I am using BeautifulSoup in python3.6. I am not getting an error while using a string as a parameter in the find method. bs.find('div',attrs={'class' : 'ptag'}).text but i am getting error while using variable instead of string directly. bs.find('div',{'class' : ptagclass}) Error: data=(bs.find('div',{'class' : ptagclass}).text) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'text' A: The problem relies upon in the way you are trying to find the parameter, try replacing bs.find('div',{'class' : ptagclass}) with bs.find('div',{'class' : "ptagclass"}) this should solve the issue. Hope this helps <|endoftext|>Karaoke Oom Pah Pah - Video with Lyrics - Oliver! Karaoke Oom Pah Pah Oliver! as made famous by Oliver! This title is a cover of Oom Pah Pah as made famous by Oliver! Consider Yourself as made famous by Oliver! I'd Do Anything as made famous by Oliver! As Long As He Needs Me as made famous by Oliver!<|endoftext|>Below is a list of ensembles with whom I am currently performing. For more information click on the ensemble image to be directed to their respective websites. The Nexas Quartet is focused on promoting the musical plurality of the saxophone, showcasing its versatility and ability to cross genres. This unique approach has enabled the ensemble to perform throughout Australia and internationally, displaying the diversity of the repertoire. The Sax Summit is quickly gaining attention as one of Australia's most original and dynamic new acts. In a high energy, interactive show, four saxophonists and percussion perform a sharp and varied program featuring favourite pop, jazz and classical hits.<|endoftext|>Steven Bergwijn (* 8. Oktober 1997 in Amsterdam) ist ein niederländischer Fußballspieler und Nationalspieler, der bei Ajax Amsterdam unter Vertrag steht. Karriere Verein Bergwijn, sowohl niederländischer als auch surinamischer Staatsangehöriger, begann beim ASC Waterwijk, einem Stadtteilverein von Almere in der Provinz Flevoland, mit dem Fußballspielen. Später wechselte er in die Jugendakademie von Ajax Amsterdam und anschließend in die des Ligakonkurrenten PSV Eindhoven. Seit Ende der Saison 2014/15 spielt er in deren ersten Mannschaft. Mit der PSV Eindhoven gewann Bergwijn dreimal die Meisterschaft und einmal den nationalen Superpokal. Außerdem war er seit seinem Profidebüt in jeder Saison im Europapokal vertreten; in der Saison 2015/16 erreichte er mit der PSV Eindhoven in der Champions League das Achtelfinale und schied nach dem 7:8 im Elfmeterschießen gegen den späteren Finalisten Atlético Madrid aus dem Wettbewerb aus, nachdem sowohl das Hin- als auch Rückspiel torlos endete. Am 29. Januar 2020 wurde sein Wechsel für rund 30 Millionen Euro zu Tottenham Hotspur bekannt gegeben. Im Sommer 2022 wechselte er für eine Ablösesumme von 31,25 Millionen Euro zu Ajax Amsterdam und ist damit der neue Rekordtransfer der Niederländer. Er unterschrieb dort einen bis 2027 gültigen Vertrag. Nationalmannschaft Bergwijn nahm mit der U17-Nationalmannschaft an der U17-Europameisterschaft 2014 in Malta teil und erreichte das am 21. Mai 2014 angesetzte Finale, das jedoch gegen die Auswahl Englands mit 1:4 im Elfmeterschießen verloren wurde. Für die U17-Nationalmannschaft bestritt er 15 Länderspiele, in den er acht Tore erzielte. Sein Debüt am 11. September 2013 beim 2:2-Unentschieden gegen die Auswahl Deutschlands krönte er sogleich mit seinem ersten Tor, dem Führungstreffer zum 2:1 in der 48. Minute. In der Folge absolvierte Bergwijn mindestens eine Begegnung für die U18- und 16 für die U19-Nationalmannschaft, mit der er an der U19-Europameisterschaft 2016 in Deutschland teilnahm. Daraufhin absolvierte er vier Spiele für die U20-Auswahl und absolvierte am 6. Oktober 2016 beim torlosen Unentschieden im EM-Qualifikationsspiel in Alkmaar gegen die U21-Nationalmannschaft der Türkei sein Debüt für die U21-Nationalmannschaft. Am 5. Oktober 2018 wurde er von Bondscoach Ronald Koeman mit seiner N

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TOAST specialises in the creation of tailored content for social media in the different formats these platforms require. By continually updating our knowledge in the audiovisual sphere and using an evolving approach to communication strategies, we have acquired the tools to appreciate and master the changes that have radically overhauled the way we consume information. Today, as well as creating videos and photos, we also provide comprehensive project guidance to promote your content in line with your communication strategy, from ideas right through to publishing. The pioneering and creative vision, energy, motivation and passion that have driven us from the start are still our greatest strength today.<|endoftext|>The stormy, dark and mysterious sky in this image reminds me of El Greco's view of Toledo. This astonishing full arc rainbow was captured up in Dove Mountain. Regardless of how many times I see a rainbow, each one still thrills me!<|endoftext|>Q: reverse last and first name and remove comma Is there a way not to us the radio button but execute javascript automatically? I see i'm using.click function, which command need to be used for execute it automatically? Thank you for the advice. $(document).ready(function () { $("input[name='change_last_first']").click(function () { $(".name").each(function() { var revName = $(this).text().split(" ").reverse().join(" "); $(this).text(revName); }); }); }); function name(str) { return(str.replace(/,/g,'')); } <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <input name="change_last_first" value="first" type="radio" >First Last, <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="name">Willis, James</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="name">Handson Willis</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="name">Anderson, Sarah</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="name">Pandora, Jim</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> A: To make this work on load just remove the click() handler, and place your each() logic directly within the document.ready handler. That being said, you can improve the logic by providing a function to text() which iterates over all elements in the collection. This function accepts the current text value of the element as an argument which you can amend and use to return the new value. Finally you can split() the text by comma or whitespace in order to remove the trailing comma which is left in some cases by your current code. With all that said, try this jQuery(function($) { $(".name").text(function(i, t) { return t.split(/,|\s/).reverse().join(" "); }); }); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <table> <thead> <tr><th>Name</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td class="name">Willis, James</td></tr> <tr><td class="name">Handson Willis</td></tr> <tr><td class="name">Anderson, Sarah</td></tr> <tr><td class="name">Pandora, Jim</td></tr> </tbody> </table> <|endoftext|>T_T!! I just switched back to my civic and went for an inspection today.. I am with belairdirect so I had to do it.. Anyways I have a 97 dx and the guy checked the engine and saw a b16.. He saids my insurance wont go up but do yoiu guys think it will go up? if he said it wont go up.. maybe.. it wont?? but thats only the inspector telling me it wont go up.. Also he said I dont have to tell tell my insuranmce company about the swap.. but I guess I will see what happends.. But usually will a swap increase insurance since it increases the value of the car? Insurance doesn't cover the engine "breaking". If you decide not to disclose it to the insurance company and you get in an accident, they can either void your policy and give you nothing, or they can give you what the car is worth "stock". If you tell them, and the insurance goes up $5/mth you're fully covered and have no issues if you are in an accident. BUT, if you tell them, they might decide NOT to cover you in the first place. You can always call them and not tell them your name, then just ask if they would insure your type of car, and if so, what the raised price would be, if any. By the way, the insurance would go up, not because it makes the car worth more, but because it's now a higher risk for theft and because it's faster, accidents. If you're under 25, there's more risk of you being immature and street racing with it, etc. Get it? The car isn't worth more, but more risk is associated with insuring the car. No, I don't think they know yet. He just got the inspection (not too much rust, no broken windows or existing damage, etc). The mechanic that did the report might have disclosed it, but he might not have. I think he is doing you a favour and not disclosing the fact that you have swapped in a B16. Most likely you will be cancelled with Bel-Air judging by what has happened to other people that have ran into issues with them. If your lucky they might allow it as a B16 was available in your chassis. the engine wont effect your ins, i have belair, and i have a zc vtec in my 95 cx and the inspector said the same thing "that isn't stock." my insurance never went up. i'm 19, g2 and still only pay 200 a month.<|endoftext|>Paraphrasing of copyrighted material may, under certain circumstances, constitute copyright infringement. In most countries that have national copyright laws, copyright applies to the original expression in a work rather than to the meanings or ideas being expressed. Whether a paraphrase is an infringement of expression, or a permissible restatement of an idea, is not a binary question but a matter of degree. Copyright law in common law countries tries to avoid theoretical discussion of the nature of ideas and expression such as this, taking a more pragmatic view of what is called the idea/expression dichotomy. The acceptable degree of difference between a prior work and a paraphrase depends on a variety of factors and ultimately depends on the judgement of the court in each individual case. In Germany An early example of the concept of paraphrasing as a copyright issue arose with Johann Heinrich Zedler's application in 1730 for copyright protection in Saxony for his Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon, one of the first encyclopedias. The publisher of a rival General Historical Lexicon said that Zedler's Universal Lexicon would not differ in content from this and other existing lexicons apart from paraphrasing. On 16 October 1730, the Upper Consistory court in Dresden rejected Zedler's request, and warned that he would be subject to confiscation and a fine if he reproduced any material from the General Historical Lexicon in his Universal Lexicon. In the Soviet Union The Soviet Union's Copyright Act of 1925 in essence said that a work created by a minimal paraphrase of an existing text could be considered a new work eligible for copyright. By 1991, the Copyright law of the Soviet Union had evolved to give much more protection to the author. Free use, similar to the English common law concept of fair use, was only allowed if it did not infringe upon the normal exploitation of the work or the legitimate interests of the author. In the United States United States copyright law protects original expressions but not facts, methods, discoveries, or other ideas being expressed, a doctrine known as the idea–expression distinction. Despite making this distinction, verbatim copying is not always required for copyright infringement, as paraphrasing is also prohibited in certain circumstances. US copyright law originates in the Copyright Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8) of the Constitution, and has been the subject of several federal statutes, most recently the Copyright Act of 1976. The basic two-part test for copyright infringement under the 1976 Act, described by the US Supreme Court in Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co., is (1) whether there is a valid copyright, and (2) whether there has been improper copying of the copyrighted work. The second prong also has a two-part test, first articulated in the Second Circuit case Arnstein v. Porter: (a) whether copying occurred (as opposed to independent creation), and (b) whether the copying amounts to an "

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improper appropriation", meaning that enough of the author's protected expression (and not unprotected ideas) was copied to give rise to a "substantial similarity" between the original work and the putative copy. Even if all prongs are met, there are fair use defenses that may defeat a claim of copyright infringement. Beyond these basics, US copyright law is complex, confusing, and inconsistent, with a variety of tests employed by courts to determine when copyright has been infringed, including by paraphrasing. There is no single rule that defines when two works are substantially similar, or when paraphrasing is so "close" as to constitute infringement of a copyrighted expression as opposed to being a different way of expressing the same idea. There is a circuit split among the twelve federal appeals courts on substantial similarity analysis, with each circuit employing overlapping but unique approaches. Decisions are, by necessity, made on a case-by-case basis, with few universally-applicable principles. Factual v. fictional works When examining claims of copyright infringement, including by paraphrasing, US copyright law distinguishes between works of fiction (e.g., a novel) and works of fact (e.g, a history book or a set of instructions). Copyright protection for factual works is narrow, covering the author's original expressions, but not the facts or theories being expressed. In order to infringe, the copy must be "verbatim reproduction or very close paraphrasing". Different courts adopt different approaches to analyzing whether paraphrasing in factual works constitutes infringement. Some courts have held that some factual works, particularly functional works such as instructions, lack the creativity required to meet the threshold of originality, and thus there can be no valid copyright under the first Feist prong. Other courts follow the "merger doctrine". Under the merger doctrine, if there are only a limited number of ways in which an idea can be expressed, the expression is said to have "merged" with the idea, and thus there can be no valid copyright under the 1976 Act. Some courts employ "thin copyright", finding that there is a valid copyright of factual works, but that it is afforded only limited protection against "virtual identicality" or "bodily appropriation of copyrighted expression", thus permitting paraphrasing that might be prohibited in other circumstances. Finally, some courts find that all prongs of the Feist and Arnstein tests are met, but that the copying is nevertheless permitted under the fair use doctrine. Fair use analysis includes multiple factors, one of which is the "nature of the copyright work," and some courts find that factual works provide greater leeway for fair use than fictional works. Nonfiction literary works, such as history books, newspaper articles, and biographies, are treated as factual works with similarly narrow copyright protection. An author's unique expressions are protected, but not the facts and theories themselves. Even the selection and arrangement of facts may not be protectable. For example, an author may arrange a series of facts to support a theory for why a historical event occurred, but if the author could prevent others from using the same selection and arrangement of facts, the author would have an effective monopoly on the theory itself, which would run counter to US copyright law's prohibition on copyrighting ideas. For fictional works, more than "very close paraphrasing" is protected. US copyright law protects against paraphrasing a story by, for example, copying a detailed plot sequence but using different language for the dialogue. However, under the doctrine of "scènes à faire", it does not protect more general patterns, such as story themes and character prototypes. Some courts will distinguish between "literal" similarities, such as verbatim duplication or paraphrasing, and "nonliteral similarities", such as the details of a novel's plot, characters, or settings. In his 2008 book Copyright's Paradox, discussing the conflict between protecting copyright and protecting free speech, Neil Netanel says, "Yeats [borrowed] from Shelley; Kafka from Kleist and Dickens; Joyce from Homer; and T.S. Eliot from Shakespeare, Whitman and Baudelaire, all in ways that would infringe today's bloated copyright." In music Paraphrase may apply to music as well as to writing. It was commonplace for Baroque, Classical and Romantic composers to create variations on each other's work without permission. This would not be allowed today. See also Article spinning, in which paraphrasing is automated for search engine optimization, copyright evasion, or both References Sources Further reading Intellectual property law Legal doctrines and principles<|endoftext|>import os import socket import sys import uuid import eventlet import mock from oslo.config import cfg import testtools from quantum.agent.common import config from quantum.agent import dhcp_agent from quantum.agent.dhcp_agent import DhcpAgentWithStateReport from quantum.agent.linux import dhcp from quantum.agent.linux import interface from quantum.common import constants from quantum.common import exceptions from quantum.openstack.common import jsonutils from quantum.tests import base ROOTDIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)) ETCDIR = os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'etc') HOSTNAME = 'hostname' def etcdir(*p): return os.path.join(ETCDIR, *p) class FakeModel: def __init__(self, id_, **kwargs): self.id = id_ self.__dict__.update(kwargs) def __str__(self): return str(self.__dict__) fake_subnet1 = FakeModel('bbbbbbbb-bbbb-bbbb-bbbbbbbbbbbb', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', cidr='172.9.9.0/24', enable_dhcp=True) fake_subnet2 = FakeModel('dddddddd-dddd-dddd-dddddddddddd', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', cidr='172.9.9.0/24', enable_dhcp=False) fake_subnet3 = FakeModel('bbbbbbbb-1111-2222-bbbbbbbbbbbb', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', cidr='192.168.1.1/24', enable_dhcp=True) fake_meta_subnet = FakeModel('bbbbbbbb-1111-2222-bbbbbbbbbbbb', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', cidr='169.254.169.252/30', gateway_ip='169.254.169.253', enable_dhcp=True) fake_fixed_ip = FakeModel('', subnet=fake_subnet1, ip_address='172.9.9.9') fake_meta_fixed_ip = FakeModel('', subnet=fake_meta_subnet, ip_address='169.254.169.254') fake_port1 = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', fixed_ips=[fake_fixed_ip]) fake_port2 = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-123456789000', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:99', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab') fake_meta_port = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff', network_id='12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', device_owner=constants.DEVICE_OWNER_ROUTER_INTF, device_id='forzanapoli', fixed_ips=[fake_meta_fixed_ip]) fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=True, subnets=[fake_subnet1, fake_subnet2], ports=[fake_port1]) fake_meta_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=True, subnets=[fake_meta_subnet], ports=[fake_meta_port]) fake_down_network = FakeModel('12345678-dddd-dddd-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=False, subnets=[], ports=[

redpajama

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]) class TestDhcpAgent(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDhcpAgent, self).setUp() cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DeviceManager.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay.OPTS) cfg.CONF.set_override('interface_driver', 'quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') self.driver_cls_p = mock.patch( 'quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.importutils.import_class') self.driver = mock.Mock(name='driver') self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.return_value = [] self.driver_cls = self.driver_cls_p.start() self.driver_cls.return_value = self.driver def tearDown(self): self.driver_cls_p.stop() cfg.CONF.reset() super(TestDhcpAgent, self).tearDown() def test_dhcp_agent_manager(self): state_rpc_str = 'quantum.agent.rpc.PluginReportStateAPI' lease_relay_str = 'quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay' with mock.patch.object(DhcpAgentWithStateReport, 'sync_state', autospec=True) as mock_sync_state: with mock.patch.object(DhcpAgentWithStateReport, 'periodic_resync', autospec=True) as mock_periodic_resync: with mock.patch(state_rpc_str) as state_rpc: with mock.patch(lease_relay_str) as mock_lease_relay: with mock.patch.object(sys, 'argv') as sys_argv: sys_argv.return_value = [ 'dhcp', '--config-file', etcdir('quantum.conf.test')] cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent.OPTS) config.register_agent_state_opts_helper(cfg.CONF) config.register_root_helper(cfg.CONF) cfg.CONF.register_opts( dhcp_agent.DeviceManager.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts( dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(interface.OPTS) cfg.CONF(project='quantum') agent_mgr = DhcpAgentWithStateReport('testhost') eventlet.greenthread.sleep(1) agent_mgr.after_start() mock_sync_state.assert_called_once_with(agent_mgr) mock_periodic_resync.assert_called_once_with( agent_mgr) state_rpc.assert_has_calls( [mock.call(mock.ANY), mock.call().report_state(mock.ANY, mock.ANY)]) mock_lease_relay.assert_has_calls( [mock.call(mock.ANY), mock.call().start()]) def test_dhcp_agent_main_agent_manager(self): logging_str = 'quantum.agent.common.config.setup_logging' launcher_str = 'quantum.openstack.common.service.ServiceLauncher' with mock.patch(logging_str): with mock.patch.object(sys, 'argv') as sys_argv: with mock.patch(launcher_str) as launcher: sys_argv.return_value = ['dhcp', '--config-file', etcdir('quantum.conf.test')] dhcp_agent.main() launcher.assert_has_calls( [mock.call(), mock.call().launch_service(mock.ANY), mock.call().wait()]) def test_run_completes_single_pass(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) attrs_to_mock = dict( [(a, mock.DEFAULT) for a in ['sync_state', 'lease_relay', 'periodic_resync']]) with mock.patch.multiple(dhcp, **attrs_to_mock) as mocks: dhcp.run() mocks['sync_state'].assert_called_once_with() mocks['periodic_resync'].assert_called_once_with() mocks['lease_relay'].assert_has_mock_calls( [mock.call.start()]) def test_ns_name(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: mock_net = mock.Mock(id='foo') dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.assertEqual(dhcp._ns_name(mock_net), 'qdhcp-foo') def test_ns_name_disabled_namespace(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: cfg.CONF.set_override('use_namespaces', False) mock_net = mock.Mock(id='foo') dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.assertIsNone(dhcp._ns_name(mock_net)) def test_call_driver(self): network = mock.Mock() network.id = '1' with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(cfg.CONF) self.assertTrue(dhcp.call_driver('foo', network)) self.assertTrue(dev_mgr.called) self.driver.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF, mock.ANY, 'sudo', mock.ANY, 'qdhcp-1', mock.ANY) def test_call_driver_failure(self): network = mock.Mock() network.id = '1' self.driver.return_value.foo.side_effect = Exception with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DeviceManager') as dev_mgr: with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.assertIsNone(dhcp.call_driver('foo', network)) self.assertTrue(dev_mgr.called) self.driver.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF, mock.ANY, 'sudo', mock.ANY, 'qdhcp-1', mock.ANY) self.assertEqual(log.call_count, 1) self.assertTrue(dhcp.needs_resync) def test_update_lease(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') as plug: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) dhcp.update_lease('net_id', '192.168.1.1', 120) plug.assert_has_calls( [mock.call().update_lease_expiration( 'net_id', '192.168.1.1', 120)]) def test_update_lease_failure(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') as plug: plug.return_value.update_lease_expiration.side_effect = Exception with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent

redpajama

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(HOSTNAME) dhcp.update_lease('net_id', '192.168.1.1', 120) plug.assert_has_calls( [mock.call().update_lease_expiration( 'net_id', '192.168.1.1', 120)]) self.assertTrue(log.called) self.assertTrue(dhcp.needs_resync) def _test_sync_state_helper(self, known_networks, active_networks): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') as plug: mock_plugin = mock.Mock() mock_plugin.get_active_networks.return_value = active_networks plug.return_value = mock_plugin dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) attrs_to_mock = dict( [(a, mock.DEFAULT) for a in ['refresh_dhcp_helper', 'disable_dhcp_helper', 'cache']]) with mock.patch.multiple(dhcp, **attrs_to_mock) as mocks: mocks['cache'].get_network_ids.return_value = known_networks dhcp.sync_state() exp_refresh = [ mock.call(net_id) for net_id in active_networks] diff = set(known_networks) - set(active_networks) exp_disable = [mock.call(net_id) for net_id in diff] mocks['cache'].assert_has_calls([mock.call.get_network_ids()]) mocks['refresh_dhcp_helper'].assert_has_called(exp_refresh) mocks['disable_dhcp_helper'].assert_has_called(exp_disable) def test_sync_state_initial(self): self._test_sync_state_helper([], ['a']) def test_sync_state_same(self): self._test_sync_state_helper(['a'], ['a']) def test_sync_state_disabled_net(self): self._test_sync_state_helper(['b'], ['a']) def test_sync_state_plugin_error(self): with mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') as plug: mock_plugin = mock.Mock() mock_plugin.get_active_networks.side_effect = Exception plug.return_value = mock_plugin with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) dhcp.sync_state() self.assertTrue(log.called) self.assertTrue(dhcp.needs_resync) def test_periodic_resync(self): dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.eventlet,'spawn') as spawn: dhcp.periodic_resync() spawn.assert_called_once_with(dhcp._periodic_resync_helper) def test_periodoc_resync_helper(self): with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.eventlet,'sleep') as sleep: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) dhcp.needs_resync = True with mock.patch.object(dhcp,'sync_state') as sync_state: sync_state.side_effect = RuntimeError with testtools.ExpectedException(RuntimeError): dhcp._periodic_resync_helper() sync_state.assert_called_once_with() sleep.assert_called_once_with(dhcp.conf.resync_interval) self.assertFalse(dhcp.needs_resync) def test_populate_cache_on_start_without_active_networks_support(self): # emul dhcp driver that doesn't support retrieving of active networks self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.side_effect = NotImplementedError with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'debug') as log: dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.assert_called_once_with( dhcp.conf, cfg.CONF.root_helper ) self.assertFalse(dhcp.cache.get_network_ids()) self.assertTrue(log.called) def test_populate_cache_on_start(self): networks = ['aaa', 'bbb'] self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.return_value = networks dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.driver.existing_dhcp_networks.assert_called_once_with( dhcp.conf, cfg.CONF.root_helper ) self.assertEquals(set(networks), set(dhcp.cache.get_network_ids())) class TestLogArgs(base.BaseTestCase): def test_log_args_without_log_dir_and_file(self): conf_dict = {'debug': True, 'verbose': False, 'log_dir': None, 'log_file': None} conf = dhcp_agent.DictModel(conf_dict) expected_args = ['--debug'] args = config.get_log_args(conf, 'log_file_name') self.assertEqual(expected_args, args) def test_log_args_without_log_file(self): conf_dict = {'debug': True, 'verbose': True, 'log_dir': '/etc/tests', 'log_file': None} conf = dhcp_agent.DictModel(conf_dict) expected_args = ['--debug', '--verbose', '--log-file=log_file_name', '--log-dir=/etc/tests'] args = config.get_log_args(conf, 'log_file_name') self.assertEqual(expected_args, args) def test_log_args_with_log_dir_and_file(self): conf_dict = {'debug': True, 'verbose': False, 'log_dir': '/etc/tests', 'log_file': 'tests/filelog'} conf = dhcp_agent.DictModel(conf_dict) expected_args = ['--debug', '--log-file=log_file_name', '--log-dir=/etc/tests/tests'] args = config.get_log_args(conf, 'log_file_name') self.assertEqual(expected_args, args) def test_log_args_without_log_dir(self): conf_dict = {'debug': True, 'verbose': False, 'log_file': 'tests/filelog', 'log_dir': None} conf = dhcp_agent.DictModel(conf_dict) expected_args = ['--debug', '--log-file=log_file_name', '--log-dir=tests'] args = config.get_log_args(conf, 'log_file_name') self.assertEqual(expected_args, args) class TestDhcpAgentEventHandler(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDhcpAgentEventHandler, self).setUp() cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DeviceManager.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp.OPTS) cfg.CONF.set_override('interface_driver', 'quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') config.register_root_helper(cfg.CONF) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent.OPTS) self.plugin_p = mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi') plugin_cls = self.plugin_p.start() self.plugin = mock.Mock() plugin_cls.return

redpajama

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_value = self.plugin self.cache_p = mock.patch('quantum.agent.dhcp_agent.NetworkCache') cache_cls = self.cache_p.start() self.cache = mock.Mock() cache_cls.return_value = self.cache self.dhcp = dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent(HOSTNAME) self.call_driver_p = mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'call_driver') self.call_driver = self.call_driver_p.start() self.external_process_p = mock.patch( 'quantum.agent.linux.external_process.ProcessManager' ) self.external_process = self.external_process_p.start() def tearDown(self): self.external_process_p.stop() self.call_driver_p.stop() self.cache_p.stop() self.plugin_p.stop() cfg.CONF.reset() super(TestDhcpAgentEventHandler, self).tearDown() def _enable_dhcp_helper(self, isolated_metadata=False): if isolated_metadata: cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_isolated_metadata', True) self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.enable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_info(fake_network.id)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('enable', fake_network) self.cache.assert_has_calls([mock.call.put(fake_network)]) if isolated_metadata: self.external_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().enable(mock.ANY) ]) else: self.assertFalse(self.external_process.call_count) def test_enable_dhcp_helper_enable_isolated_metadata(self): self._enable_dhcp_helper(isolated_metadata=True) def test_enable_dhcp_helper(self): self._enable_dhcp_helper() def test_enable_dhcp_helper_down_network(self): self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_down_network self.dhcp.enable_dhcp_helper(fake_down_network.id) self.plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_info(fake_down_network.id)]) self.assertFalse(self.call_driver.called) self.assertFalse(self.cache.called) self.assertFalse(self.external_process.called) def test_enable_dhcp_helper_exception_during_rpc(self): self.plugin.get_network_info.side_effect = Exception with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: self.dhcp.enable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_info(fake_network.id)]) self.assertFalse(self.call_driver.called) self.assertTrue(log.called) self.assertTrue(self.dhcp.needs_resync) self.assertFalse(self.cache.called) self.assertFalse(self.external_process.called) def test_enable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure(self): self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_network self.call_driver.return_value = False self.dhcp.enable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_info(fake_network.id)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('enable', fake_network) self.assertFalse(self.cache.called) self.assertFalse(self.external_process.called) def _disable_dhcp_helper_known_network(self, isolated_metadata=False): if isolated_metadata: cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_isolated_metadata', True) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.disable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('disable', fake_network) if isolated_metadata: self.external_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().disable() ]) else: self.assertFalse(self.external_process.call_count) def test_disable_dhcp_helper_known_network_isolated_metadata(self): self._disable_dhcp_helper_known_network(isolated_metadata=True) def test_disable_dhcp_helper_known_network(self): self._disable_dhcp_helper_known_network() def test_disable_dhcp_helper_unknown_network(self): self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = None self.dhcp.disable_dhcp_helper('abcdef') self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id('abcdef')]) self.assertEqual(0, self.call_driver.call_count) self.assertFalse(self.external_process.called) def _disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure(self, isolated_metadata=False): if isolated_metadata: cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_isolated_metadata', True) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.call_driver.return_value = False self.dhcp.disable_dhcp_helper(fake_network.id) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('disable', fake_network) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id)]) if isolated_metadata: self.external_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().disable() ]) else: self.assertFalse(self.external_process.call_count) def test_disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure_isolated_metadata(self): self._disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure(isolated_metadata=True) def test_disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure(self): self._disable_dhcp_helper_driver_failure() def test_enable_isolated_metadata_proxy(self): class_path = 'quantum.agent.linux.external_process.ProcessManager' with mock.patch(class_path) as ext_process: self.dhcp.enable_isolated_metadata_proxy(fake_network) ext_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().

redpajama

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enable(mock.ANY) ]) def test_disable_isolated_metadata_proxy(self): class_path = 'quantum.agent.linux.external_process.ProcessManager' with mock.patch(class_path) as ext_process: self.dhcp.disable_isolated_metadata_proxy(fake_network) ext_process.assert_has_calls([ mock.call( cfg.CONF, '12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().disable() ]) def test_enable_isolated_metadata_proxy_with_metadata_network(self): cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_metadata_network', True) cfg.CONF.set_override('debug', True) cfg.CONF.set_override('log_file', 'test.log') class_path = 'quantum.agent.linux.ip_lib.IPWrapper' self.external_process_p.stop() # Ensure the mock is restored if this test fail try: with mock.patch(class_path) as ip_wrapper: self.dhcp.enable_isolated_metadata_proxy(fake_meta_network) ip_wrapper.assert_has_calls([mock.call( 'sudo', 'qdhcp-12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call().netns.execute([ 'quantum-ns-metadata-proxy', mock.ANY, '--router_id=forzanapoli', mock.ANY, mock.ANY, '--debug', ('--log-file=quantum-ns-metadata-proxy%s.log' % fake_meta_network.id)]) ]) finally: self.external_process_p.start() def test_network_create_end(self): payload = dict(network=dict(id=fake_network.id)) with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'enable_dhcp_helper') as enable: self.dhcp.network_create_end(None, payload) enable.assertCalledOnceWith(fake_network.id) def test_network_update_end_admin_state_up(self): payload = dict(network=dict(id=fake_network.id, admin_state_up=True)) with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'enable_dhcp_helper') as enable: self.dhcp.network_update_end(None, payload) enable.assertCalledOnceWith(fake_network.id) def test_network_update_end_admin_state_down(self): payload = dict(network=dict(id=fake_network.id, admin_state_up=False)) with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'disable_dhcp_helper') as disable: self.dhcp.network_update_end(None, payload) disable.assertCalledOnceWith(fake_network.id) def test_network_delete_end(self): payload = dict(network_id=fake_network.id) with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'disable_dhcp_helper') as disable: self.dhcp.network_delete_end(None, payload) disable.assertCalledOnceWith(fake_network.id) def test_refresh_dhcp_helper_no_dhcp_enabled_networks(self): network = FakeModel('net-id', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=True, subnets=[], ports=[]) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = network self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = network with mock.patch.object(self.dhcp, 'disable_dhcp_helper') as disable: self.dhcp.refresh_dhcp_helper(network.id) disable.called_once_with_args(network.id) self.assertFalse(self.cache.called) self.assertFalse(self.call_driver.called) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id('net-id')]) def test_refresh_dhcp_helper_exception_during_rpc(self): network = FakeModel('net-id', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', admin_state_up=True, subnets=[], ports=[]) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = network self.plugin.get_network_info.side_effect = Exception with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: self.dhcp.refresh_dhcp_helper(network.id) self.assertFalse(self.call_driver.called) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id('net-id')]) self.assertTrue(log.called) self.assertTrue(self.dhcp.needs_resync) def test_subnet_update_end(self): payload = dict(subnet=dict(network_id=fake_network.id)) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.subnet_update_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls([mock.call.put(fake_network)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('reload_allocations', fake_network) def test_subnet_update_end_restart(self): new_state = FakeModel(fake_network.id, tenant_id=fake_network.tenant_id, admin_state_up=True, subnets=[fake_subnet1, fake_subnet3], ports=[fake_port1]) payload = dict(subnet=dict(network_id=fake_network.id)) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = new_state self.dhcp.subnet_update_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls([mock.call.put(new_state)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('restart', new_state) def test_subnet_update_end_delete_payload(self): prev_state = FakeModel(fake_network.id, tenant_id=fake_network.tenant_id, admin_state_up=True, subnets=[fake_subnet1, fake_subnet3], ports=[fake_port1]) payload = dict(subnet_id=fake_subnet1.id) self.cache.get_network_by_subnet_id.return_value = prev_state self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = prev_state self.plugin.get_network_info.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.subnet_delete_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls([ mock.call.get_network_by_subnet_id( 'bbbbbbbb-bbbb-bbbb-bbbbbbbbbbbb'), mock.call.get_network_by_id('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab'), mock.call.put(fake_network)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('restart', fake_network) def test_port_update_end(self): payload = dict(port=vars(fake_port2)) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.dhcp.port_update_end(None, payload)

redpajama

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self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_port2.network_id), mock.call.put_port(mock.ANY)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('reload_allocations', fake_network) def test_port_delete_end(self): payload = dict(port_id=fake_port2.id) self.cache.get_network_by_id.return_value = fake_network self.cache.get_port_by_id.return_value = fake_port2 self.dhcp.port_delete_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_port_by_id(fake_port2.id), mock.call.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id), mock.call.remove_port(fake_port2)]) self.call_driver.assert_called_once_with('reload_allocations', fake_network) def test_port_delete_end_unknown_port(self): payload = dict(port_id='unknown') self.cache.get_port_by_id.return_value = None self.dhcp.port_delete_end(None, payload) self.cache.assert_has_calls([mock.call.get_port_by_id('unknown')]) self.assertEqual(self.call_driver.call_count, 0) class TestDhcpPluginApiProxy(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDhcpPluginApiProxy, self).setUp() self.proxy = dhcp_agent.DhcpPluginApi('foo', {}) self.proxy.host = 'foo' self.call_p = mock.patch.object(self.proxy, 'call') self.call = self.call_p.start() self.make_msg_p = mock.patch.object(self.proxy,'make_msg') self.make_msg = self.make_msg_p.start() def tearDown(self): self.make_msg_p.stop() self.call_p.stop() super(TestDhcpPluginApiProxy, self).tearDown() def test_get_active_networks(self): self.proxy.get_active_networks() self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('get_active_networks', host='foo') def test_get_network_info(self): self.call.return_value = dict(a=1) retval = self.proxy.get_network_info('netid') self.assertEqual(retval.a, 1) self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('get_network_info', network_id='netid', host='foo') def test_get_dhcp_port(self): self.call.return_value = dict(a=1) retval = self.proxy.get_dhcp_port('netid', 'devid') self.assertEqual(retval.a, 1) self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('get_dhcp_port', network_id='netid', device_id='devid', host='foo') def test_release_dhcp_port(self): self.proxy.release_dhcp_port('netid', 'devid') self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('release_dhcp_port', network_id='netid', device_id='devid', host='foo') def test_release_port_fixed_ip(self): self.proxy.release_port_fixed_ip('netid', 'devid','subid') self.assertTrue(self.call.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('release_port_fixed_ip', network_id='netid', subnet_id='subid', device_id='devid', host='foo') def test_update_lease_expiration(self): with mock.patch.object(self.proxy, 'cast') as mock_cast: self.proxy.update_lease_expiration('netid', 'ipaddr', 1) self.assertTrue(mock_cast.called) self.make_msg.assert_called_once_with('update_lease_expiration', network_id='netid', ip_address='ipaddr', lease_remaining=1, host='foo') class TestNetworkCache(base.BaseTestCase): def test_put_network(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.cache, {fake_network.id: fake_network}) self.assertEqual(nc.subnet_lookup, {fake_subnet1.id: fake_network.id, fake_subnet2.id: fake_network.id}) self.assertEqual(nc.port_lookup, {fake_port1.id: fake_network.id}) def test_put_network_existing(self): prev_network_info = mock.Mock() nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() with mock.patch.object(nc,'remove') as remove: nc.cache[fake_network.id] = prev_network_info nc.put(fake_network) remove.assert_called_once_with(prev_network_info) self.assertEqual(nc.cache, {fake_network.id: fake_network}) self.assertEqual(nc.subnet_lookup, {fake_subnet1.id: fake_network.id, fake_subnet2.id: fake_network.id}) self.assertEqual(nc.port_lookup, {fake_port1.id: fake_network.id}) def test_remove_network(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.cache = {fake_network.id: fake_network} nc.subnet_lookup = {fake_subnet1.id: fake_network.id, fake_subnet2.id: fake_network.id} nc.port_lookup = {fake_port1.id: fake_network.id} nc.remove(fake_network) self.assertEqual(len(nc.cache), 0) self.assertEqual(len(nc.subnet_lookup), 0) self.assertEqual(len(nc.port_lookup), 0) def test_get_network_by_id(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_network_by_id(fake_network.id), fake_network) def test_get_network_ids(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_network_ids(), [fake_network.id]) def test_get_network_by_subnet_id(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_network_by_subnet_id(fake_subnet1.id), fake_network) def test_get_network_by_port_id(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_network_by_port_id(fake_port1.id), fake_network) def test_put_port(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', subnets=[

redpajama

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fake_subnet1], ports=[fake_port1]) nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) nc.put_port(fake_port2) self.assertEqual(len(nc.port_lookup), 2) self.assertIn(fake_port2, fake_network.ports) def test_put_port_existing(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', subnets=[fake_subnet1], ports=[fake_port1, fake_port2]) nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) nc.put_port(fake_port2) self.assertEqual(len(nc.port_lookup), 2) self.assertIn(fake_port2, fake_network.ports) def test_remove_port_existing(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa', subnets=[fake_subnet1], ports=[fake_port1, fake_port2]) nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) nc.remove_port(fake_port2) self.assertEqual(len(nc.port_lookup), 1) self.assertNotIn(fake_port2, fake_network.ports) def test_get_port_by_id(self): nc = dhcp_agent.NetworkCache() nc.put(fake_network) self.assertEqual(nc.get_port_by_id(fake_port1.id), fake_port1) class TestDeviceManager(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDeviceManager, self).setUp() cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DeviceManager.OPTS) cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpAgent.OPTS) cfg.CONF.set_override('interface_driver', 'quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') config.register_root_helper(cfg.CONF) cfg.CONF.set_override('use_namespaces', True) cfg.CONF.set_override('enable_isolated_metadata', True) self.device_exists_p = mock.patch( 'quantum.agent.linux.ip_lib.device_exists') self.device_exists = self.device_exists_p.start() self.dvr_cls_p = mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') self.iproute_cls_p = mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.' 'ip_lib.IpRouteCommand') driver_cls = self.dvr_cls_p.start() iproute_cls = self.iproute_cls_p.start() self.mock_driver = mock.MagicMock() self.mock_driver.DEV_NAME_LEN = ( interface.LinuxInterfaceDriver.DEV_NAME_LEN) self.mock_iproute = mock.MagicMock() driver_cls.return_value = self.mock_driver iproute_cls.return_value = self.mock_iproute def tearDown(self): self.dvr_cls_p.stop() self.device_exists_p.stop() self.iproute_cls_p.stop() cfg.CONF.reset() super(TestDeviceManager, self).tearDown() def _test_setup_helper(self, device_exists, reuse_existing=False, net=None, port=None): net = net or fake_network port = port or fake_port1 plugin = mock.Mock() plugin.get_dhcp_port.return_value = port or fake_port1 self.device_exists.return_value = device_exists self.mock_driver.get_device_name.return_value = 'tap12345678-12' dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, plugin) interface_name = dh.setup(net, reuse_existing) self.assertEqual(interface_name, 'tap12345678-12') plugin.assert_has_calls([ mock.call.get_dhcp_port(net.id, mock.ANY)]) namespace = dhcp_agent.NS_PREFIX + net.id expected_ips = ['172.9.9.9/24', '169.254.169.254/16'] expected = [mock.call.init_l3('tap12345678-12', expected_ips, namespace=namespace)] if not reuse_existing: expected.insert(0, mock.call.plug(net.id, port.id, 'tap12345678-12', 'aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff', namespace=namespace)) self.mock_driver.assert_has_calls(expected) def test_setup(self): self._test_setup_helper(False) def test_setup_device_exists(self): with testtools.ExpectedException(exceptions.PreexistingDeviceFailure): self._test_setup_helper(True) def test_setup_device_exists_reuse(self): self._test_setup_helper(True, True) def test_destroy(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa') fake_port = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff') expected_driver_calls = [mock.call(cfg.CONF), mock.call().get_device_name(fake_network), mock.call().unplug('tap12345678-12')] with mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') as dvr_cls: mock_driver = mock.MagicMock() #mock_driver.DEV_NAME_LEN = ( # interface.LinuxInterfaceDriver.DEV_NAME_LEN) #mock_driver.port = fake_port mock_driver.get_device_name.return_value = 'tap12345678-12' dvr_cls.return_value = mock_driver plugin = mock.Mock() plugin.get_dhcp_port.return_value = fake_port dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, plugin) dh.destroy(fake_network, 'tap12345678-12') dvr_cls.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF) mock_driver.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.unplug('tap12345678-12', namespace='qdhcp-' + fake_network.id)]) plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.release_dhcp_port(fake_network.id, mock.ANY)]) def test_get_interface_name(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa') fake_port = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff') expected_driver_calls = [mock.call(cfg.CONF), mock.call().get_device_name(fake_network), mock.call().unplug('tap12345678-12')] with mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') as dvr_cls: mock_driver = mock.MagicMock() mock_driver.get_device_name.return_value = 'tap12345678-12' dvr_cls.return_value = mock_driver plugin = mock.Mock() plugin.get_dhcp_port.return_value = fake_port dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, plugin)

redpajama

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dh.get_interface_name(fake_network, fake_port) dvr_cls.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF) mock_driver.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_device_name(fake_port)]) self.assertEqual(len(plugin.mock_calls), 0) def test_get_interface_name_no_port_provided(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa') fake_port = FakeModel('12345678-1234-aaaa-1234567890ab', mac_address='aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff') expected_driver_calls = [mock.call(cfg.CONF), mock.call().get_device_name(fake_network), mock.call().unplug('tap12345678-12')] with mock.patch('quantum.agent.linux.interface.NullDriver') as dvr_cls: mock_driver = mock.MagicMock() mock_driver.get_device_name.return_value = 'tap12345678-12' dvr_cls.return_value = mock_driver plugin = mock.Mock() plugin.get_dhcp_port.return_value = fake_port dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, plugin) dh.get_interface_name(fake_network) dvr_cls.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF) mock_driver.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_device_name(fake_port)]) plugin.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.get_dhcp_port(fake_network.id, mock.ANY)]) def test_get_device_id(self): fake_network = FakeModel('12345678-1234-5678-1234567890ab', tenant_id='aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa') expected = ('dhcp1ae5f96c-c527-5079-82ea-371a01645457-12345678-1234-' '5678-1234567890ab') with mock.patch('socket.gethostbyname') as get_host: with mock.patch('uuid.uuid5') as uuid5: uuid5.return_value = '1ae5f96c-c527-5079-82ea-371a01645457' get_host.return_value = 'localhost' dh = dhcp_agent.DeviceManager(cfg.CONF, None) uuid5.called_once_with(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'localhost') self.assertEqual(dh.get_device_id(fake_network), expected) class TestDhcpLeaseRelay(base.BaseTestCase): def setUp(self): super(TestDhcpLeaseRelay, self).setUp() cfg.CONF.register_opts(dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay.OPTS) self.unlink_p = mock.patch('os.unlink') self.unlink = self.unlink_p.start() def tearDown(self): self.unlink_p.stop() super(TestDhcpLeaseRelay, self).tearDown() def test_init_relay_socket_path_no_prev_socket(self): with mock.patch('os.path.exists') as exists: exists.return_value = False self.unlink.side_effect = OSError relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(None) self.unlink.assert_called_once_with( cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) exists.assert_called_once_with(cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) def test_init_relay_socket_path_prev_socket_exists(self): with mock.patch('os.path.exists') as exists: exists.return_value = False relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(None) self.unlink.assert_called_once_with( cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) self.assertFalse(exists.called) def test_init_relay_socket_path_prev_socket_unlink_failure(self): self.unlink.side_effect = OSError with mock.patch('os.path.exists') as exists: exists.return_value = True with testtools.ExpectedException(OSError): relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(None) self.unlink.assert_called_once_with( cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) exists.assert_called_once_with( cfg.CONF.dhcp_lease_relay_socket) def test_handler_valid_data(self): network_id = 'cccccccc-cccc-cccc-cccc-cccccccccccc' ip_address = '192.168.1.9' lease_remaining = 120 json_rep = jsonutils.dumps(dict(network_id=network_id, lease_remaining=lease_remaining, ip_address=ip_address)) handler = mock.Mock() mock_sock = mock.Mock() mock_sock.recv.return_value = json_rep relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(handler) relay._handler(mock_sock, mock.Mock()) mock_sock.assert_has_calls([mock.call.recv(1024), mock.call.close()]) handler.called_once_with(network_id, ip_address, lease_remaining) def test_handler_invalid_data(self): network_id = 'cccccccc-cccc-cccc-cccc-cccccccccccc' ip_address = '192.168.x.x' lease_remaining = 120 json_rep = jsonutils.dumps( dict(network_id=network_id, lease_remaining=lease_remaining, ip_address=ip_address)) handler = mock.Mock() mock_sock = mock.Mock() mock_sock.recv.return_value = json_rep relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(handler) with mock.patch('quantum.openstack.common.' 'uuidutils.is_uuid_like') as validate: validate.return_value = False with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'warn') as log: relay._handler(mock_sock, mock.Mock()) mock_sock.assert_has_calls( [mock.call.recv(1024), mock.call.close()]) self.assertFalse(handler.called) self.assertTrue(log.called) def test_handler_other_exception(self): network_id = 'cccccccc-cccc-cccc-cccc-cccccccccccc' ip_address = '192.168.x.x' lease_remaining = 120 json_rep = jsonutils.dumps( dict(network_id=network_id, lease_remaining=lease_remaining, ip_address=ip_address)) handler = mock.Mock() mock_sock = mock.Mock() mock_sock.recv.side_effect = Exception relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(handler) with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent.LOG, 'exception') as log: relay._handler(mock_sock, mock.Mock()) mock_sock.assert_has_calls([mock.call.recv(1024)]) self.assertFalse(handler.called) self.assertTrue(log.called) def test_start(self): with mock.patch.object(dhcp_agent, 'eventlet') as mock_eventlet: handler = mock.Mock() relay = dhcp_agent.DhcpLeaseRelay(handler) relay.start() mock_

redpajama

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BDF or Bdf may refer to: Backward differentiation formula, a numerical method for solving ordinary differential equations Ballroom Dancers' Federation, a British organization for competitive ballroom dancers Bates Dance Festival, a yearly dance festival held at Bates College. Banca Dacia Felix (Dacia Felix Bank), a defunct Romanian bank Bedfordshire, a historic county in England, Chapman code Beiersdorf AG, a multinational corporation based in Hamburg, Germany Berlin Demography Forum, an annual international conference on demographic issues Board foot, unit of measure for volume of lumber Bois-des-Filion, Quebec, a town in Quebec, Canada Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine (1894-1933), a defunct German women's organization Technology Building Distribution Frame, a type of distribution frame in telecommunications PCI BDF (bus/device/function), a range of configurable addresses in PCI configuration space Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format, a file format for storing bitmap fonts Military Bangladesh Forces, the combined forces of Bangladesh during its war of independence in 1971 Bahrain Defense Force, the military of Bahrain Barbados Defence Force, the military of Barbados Belize Defence Force, the military of Belize Botswana Defence Force, the military of Botswana<|endoftext|>Q: How to do case insensitive search in StringOperators.valueOf("field1").indexOf(txtSchStr)) I have a springdata mongodb aggregation where I use agg = Aggregation.newAggregation(BrkrBean.class, match(criteria), project("productId, "fullName").and( StringOperators.valueOf("areas").indexOf(searchString)).as("score")) This works fine, but how can I do case insensitive search for the searchString. There is no option for indexOf() method. A: It is not possible directly. You will have to do some kind of workaround by converting both field value and search string to same case. StringOperators.valueOf(StringOperators.valueOf("areas").toLower()) .indexOf(StringOperators.valueOf(searchString).toLower()) <|endoftext|>Love Over and Over is the fifth album by Kate & Anna McGarrigle, released in 1982. Following this album, the McGarrigles did not release an album of new material until Heartbeats Accelerating in 1990. The album contains a French-Canadian version of Bob Seger's You'll Accomp'ny Me. Track listing Side One "Move Over Moon" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:11 "Sun, Son (Shining on the Water)" (Anna McGarrigle) – 4:03 "I Cried for Us" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:23 "Love Over and Over" (Kate & Anna McGarrigle) – 4:07 "Star Cab Company" (Anna McGarrigle) – 3:30 "Tu vas m'accompagner" (Bob Seger; translated. by Anna McGarrigle) – 3:56 Side Two "On My Way to Town" (Kate McGarrigle) – 2:17 "Jesus Lifeline" (, Arranged by Anna McGarrigle) – 3:01 "Work Song" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:49 "St. Valentines Day, 1978 (Black Heart)" (Anna McGarrigle) – 3:17 "Midnight Flight" (Kate McGarrigle) – 5:42 Bonus tracks The 1997 Hannibal CD reissue contains two bonus tracks not found on the Polydor release: "A Place in Your Heart" (Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Pat Donaldson, Dane Lanken, Jane McGarrigle) – 3:07 "Babies If I Didn't Have You" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:34 (B-side on the single release of the title track "Love Over and Over") Personnel Kate McGarrigle : Piano, banjo, accordion, guitar, vocals Anna McGarrigle : Piano, accordion, vocals Alun Davies : Guitar Andrew Cowan : Guitar Chaim Tannenbaum : Guitar, banjo, mandolin, vocals Mark Knopfler - Guitar on "Love Over and Over" Scot Lang : Guitar, bass guitar Pat Donaldson : Bass guitar Paul Samwell-Smith : Bass guitar Jane McGarrigle : Organ, vocals Kenny Pearson : Piano, organ Gilles Losier : Piano Dane Lanken : Trumpet Gerry Conway : Drums Jean-Paul Robichaud : Drums, percussions Ted Jensen : Engineer at Sterling Sound, NYC - mastering References External links 1982 albums Kate & Anna McGarrigle albums Polydor Records albums<|endoftext|>\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} Carbon nanotubes were first found in a form of multi-wall cylinders, each of which consists of a rolled graphene sheet.\cite{Iijima_1991a,Iijima_et_al_1992a} A single-wall nanotube, fabricated later,\cite{Iijima_and_Ichihashi_1993a,Bethune_et_al_1993a} has a unique electronic property that it changes critically from metallic to semiconducting depending on its tubular circumferential vector. This characteristic feature was first predicted by means of tight-binding models,\cite{Hamada_et_al_1992a,Mintmire_et_al_1992a,Saito_et_al_1992a,Dresselhaus_et_al_1992a,Dresselhaus_et_al_1992b,Jishi_et_al_1993a,Tanaka_et_al_1992a,Gao_and_Herndon_1992a,Robertson_et_al_1992a,White_et_al_1993a} and was successfully described in an effective-mass approximation.\cite{Ajiki_and_Ando_1993a,Ajiki_and_Ando_1996a,Ando_2005a_and_References} Experimental\cite{Chopra_et_al_1995b,Bourgeois_and_Bursill_1997a,Benedict_et_al_1998a,Liu_et_al_2002d,Li_et_al_2007a,Zhong_et_al_2012a,Kohno_et_al_2013a,Zhang_et_al_2012a,Martel_et_al_1998b,Hertel_et_al_1998a,Yu_et_al_2001d,Yu_et_al_2001b,Giusca_et_al_2007a,Giusca_et_al_2008a,Choi_et_al_2013a} as well as computational studies\cite{Crespi_et_al_1996a,Crespi_et_al_1998a,Lu_et_al_2003a,Liu_and_Cho_2004a,Tangney_et_al_2005a,Lammert_et_al_2000a,Mehrez_et_al_2005a,Lu_et_al_2005a,Tang_et_al_2005a,Zhang_et_al_2006b,Hasegawa_and_Nishidate_2006a,Xiao_et_al_2007a,Lu_et_al_2011a,Kim_et_al_2001e,Nishidate_and_Hasegawa_2008a,Shtogun_and_Woods_2009a,Hasegawa_and_Nishidate_2009a,Nishidate_and_Hasegawa_2010a,Shklyaev_et_al_2011a,Kou_et_al_2013a} have discovered that large diameter nanotubes have an additional stable flattened structure. The purpose of this work is to study electronic structure of collapsed carbon nanotubes for arbitrary chirality within the effective-mass approximation. \par The observation of fully collapsed multi-wall carbon nanotubes was reported in transmission electron microscopy,\cite{Chopra_et_al_1995b,Bourgeois_and_Bursill_1997a,Benedict_et_al_1998a,Liu_et_al_2002d,Li_et_al_2007a,Zhong_et_al_2012a,Kohno_et_al_2013a,Zhang_et_al_2012a} atomic force microscopy,\cite{Zhang_et_al_2012a,Martel_et_al_1998b,Hertel_et_al_1998a,Yu_et_al_2001d} and scanning tunneling microscopy.\cite{Giusca_et_al_2007a,Giusca_et_al_2008a,Yu_et_al_2001b} Multi-wall nanotubes was shown to exhibit structural deformations in FET devices.\cite{Martel_et_al_1998b} Recently, high-yield fabrication of high quality collapsed tubes was

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reported, using solution-phase extraction of inner tubes from large-diameter multi-wall tubes.\cite{Choi_et_al_2013a} \par Actually, it is shown theoretically by first-principles energy minimization that both flattened and cylindrical nanotubes are stable or meta-stable and the energy of flattened tube is lower than cylindrical tubes with large diameter.\cite{Tang_et_al_2005a,Zhang_et_al_2006b,Hasegawa_and_Nishidate_2006a,Xiao_et_al_2007a,Lu_et_al_2011a} The cylindrical nanotubes collapse into flattened tubes with a barbell-like cross section under hydrostatic pressure or in the presence of injected charge shown by molecular dynamics simulations.\cite{Liu_and_Cho_2004a,Tangney_et_al_2005a} Electronic states were studied for collapsed armchair tubes in a tight-binding model\cite{Lammert_et_al_2000a} and for collapsed zigzag tubes by density-functional calculations,\cite{Kim_et_al_2001e,Nishidate_and_Hasegawa_2008a} which demonstrated drastic modification in the energy region close to the Fermi level due to inter-wall interaction. \par Transport of crossed nanotube junctions results from interacting individual tubes and has been studied both experimentally\cite{Postma_et_al_2000a,Fuhrer_et_al_2000b,Yoneya_et_al_2002a,Gao_et_al_2004a,Znidarsic_et_al_2013a} and theoretically.\cite{Nakanishi_and_Ando_2001a,Maarouf_and_Mele_2011a,Yoon_et_al_2001a,Komnik_and_Egger_2001a} The conductance is found to depend strongly on the crossing angle with large maxima at commensurate stacking of lattices of two nanotubes.\cite{Nakanishi_and_Ando_2001a,Maarouf_and_Mele_2011a} A deformation of crossed carbon nanotubes, which may significantly affect the tunneling conductance between nanotubes, has been calculated.\cite{Fuhrer_et_al_2000b,Hertel_et_al_1998a,Yoon_et_al_2001a} Furthermore, a pseudogap has been predicted to appear for an orientationally ordered crystal of nanotubes due to inter-tube transfer.\cite{Delaney_et_al_1998a,Kwon_et_al_1998a,Maarouf_et_al_2000a,Kwon_and_Tomanek_1998a} \par Effects of inter-wall interactions in multi-wall nanotubes were also studied. In general, the lattice structure of each nanotube is incommensurate with that of adjacent walls.\cite{Kociak_et_al_2002a,Zuo_et_al_2003a} This makes inter-wall electron hopping negligibly small as a result of the cancellation of inter-wall coupling in the absence of disorder.\cite{Yoon_et_al_2002a,Triozon_et_al_2004a,Uryu_and_Ando_2005c,Charlier_et_al_2007a,Uryu_and_Ando_2007e} In fact, inter-wall hopping integrals vary quasi-periodically from site to site and their average over the distance of the order of the circumference vanishes. This property was extensively used for theoretical calculations of excitons in double-wall nanotubes.\cite{Tomio_et_al_2012a,Tomio_et_al_2012c} Further, it is closely related to very weak interlayer interactions in twisted bi- and/or multi-layer graphenes. \par Experimentally, each layer of some of epitaxially fabricated graphenes having many layers is known to behave almost as a monolayer.\cite{de_Heer_et_al_2007a,Sadowski_et_al_2006a,Sadowski_et_al_2007a,Wu_et_al_2007b,Hass_et_al_2007a,Hass_et_al_2008a,Sprinkle_et_al_2009a,de_Heer_et_al_2010a,de_Heer_et_al_2011a,Orlita_et_al_2008n,Miller_et_al_2009a} Further, the electronic structure of twisted bilayer graphene with nearly incommensurate lattice structure, both theoretically calculated\cite{Lopes_dos_Santos_et_al_2007a,Latil_et_al_2007a,Hass_et_al_2008a,Shallcross_et_al_2008a,Bistritzer_and_MacDonald_2011a,Bistritzer_and_MacDonald_2011b,Lopes_dos_Santos_et_al_2012a,Moon_and_Koshino_2012a,Moon_and_Koshino_2013a,Lu_and_Fertig_2014a,Mele_2010a,Mele_2011a} and experimentally observed,\cite{Sprinkle_et_al_2009a,Ni_et_al_2008c,Schmidt_et_al_2010a,Luican_et_al_2011a,Brihuega_et_al_2012a,Li_et_al_2010a} shows a linear band dispersion near the charge neutrality point, suggesting weak interlayer interaction. On the contrary, the interlayer interaction drastically changes electronic states in displaced bilayer graphene having a commensurate lattice structure.\cite{Son_et_al_2011a} The end of bilayer graphene can be closed and was observed experimentally after thermal treatment.\cite{Liu_et_al_2009c} Geometry and electronic structure of bilayer graphene with a closed edge were studied by a density functional calculation.\cite{Feng_et_al_2009a} \par \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \begin{minipage}[t]{7.50cm} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=7.50cm]{eps/fig1a_FlattenedCN2a.eps} (a) \end{center} \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}[t]{9.50cm} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=9.50cm]{eps/fig1b_FlattenedCN1.eps} (b) \end{center} \end{minipage} \caption \label{Fig:Flattened_CN} (a) A schematic illustration of a collapsed carbon nanotubes and (b) its development map on graphene sheet. In (b), the coordinates system $(x',y')$ and origin O' are fixed onto the graphene sheet and the coordinates system $(x,y)$ and origin O vary depending on the structure of a nanotube. The flattened region is denoted by the shaded area. } \end{center} \vspace{-0.250cm} \end{figure*} This paper is organized as follows: In Sect.\ \ref{Sec:Collapsed_Carbon_Nanotubes}, an effective potential of inter-wall interaction is derived in an effective-mass scheme. In Sect.\ \ref{Sec:Weak_Inter-Wall_Coupling}, modification of band structure due to collapse is analyzed by perturbation of inter-wall interaction first for armchair and zigzag nanotube and its dependence on nanotube chirality and stacking in flattened region are discussed based on dominant terms. Numerical results are shown in Sect.\ \ref{Sec:Numerical_Results} and a short summary is given in Sect.\ \ref{Sec:Summary_and_Conclusion}. \par \section{Collapsed Carbon Nanotubes} \label{Sec:Collapsed_Carbon_Nanotubes} We consider a nanotube partially flattened as illustrated in Fig.\ \ref{Fig:Flattened_CN} (a). The width of the flattened region is denoted by $L_F/2$ and that of the curved region by $L_C/2$. We have \begin{equation} L_F + L_C = L, \end{equation} where $L$ is the circumference. Figure \ref{Fig:Flattened_CN} (b) shows the development map. The tube is usually specified by chiral vector ${\bf L}$, corresponding to the circumference, i.e., $L=|{\bf L}|$. The direction of ${\bf L}$ measured from the horizontal direction is called the chiral angle and denoted by $\eta$. \par In Fig.\ \ref{Fig:Flattened_CN} (b), the right hand side of the line passing through the point O at $(\zeta\

redpajama

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cos\eta,\zeta\sin\eta)$ and perpendicular to ${\bf L}$ is folded down to form the lower half of the flattened nanotube. The coordinate of the point in the lower side of the flattened region corresponding to point ${\bf r}$ in the upper side will be denoted by $\bar{\bf r}$. Obviously, $\bar{\bf r}$ is given by the mirror reflection with respect to the line perpendicular to ${\bf L}$. In the nanotube, we shall use the coordinates $(x,y)$ fixed onto the tube and therefore we have $\bar{\bf r}=(-x,y)$ for ${\bf r}=(x,y)$. The coordinates of ${\bf r}$ and $\bar{\bf r}$ in the coordinates $(x',y')$ fixed onto the graphene sheet can be straightforwardly obtained. \par Figure \ref{Fig:Lattice_Structure_and_Brillouin_Zone} (a) shows the lattice structure of graphene, two primitive translation vectors ${\bf a}$ and ${\bf b}$, and three vectors $\vec\tau_l$ $(l=1,2,3)$ connecting nearest-neighbor atoms. A unit cell contains two carbon atoms denoted by A and B. In a tight-binding model, the wave function is written as \begin{equation} \psi({\bf r}) = \!\! \sum_{{\bf R}={\bf R}_A} \!\! \psi_A({\bf R}) \phi({\bf r}-{\bf R}) + \!\! \sum_{{\bf R}={\bf R}_B} \!\! \psi_B({\bf R}) \phi({\bf r}-{\bf R}), \end{equation} where $\phi({\bf r})$ denotes a $\pi$ orbital. The amplitude $\psi$ at atomic sites ${\bf R}={\bf R}_A$ or ${\bf R}_B$ satisfies \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\!\!\! \varepsilon \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{A}) = - \gamma_0 \! \sum_{l=1}^3 \! \psi_{B}({\bf R}_{A} - \vec\tau_l) \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.20cm}} && \!\!\!\!\!\!\! + \! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A}'} V({\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{A}') \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{A}') + \! \sum_{{\bf R}_{B}'} V({\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{B}') \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{B}'), \quad \\ && \!\!\!\!\!\! \varepsilon \psi_{B}({\bf R}_{B}) = - \gamma_0 \! \sum_{l=1}^3 \! \psi_{A}({\bf B}_{A} + \vec\tau_l) \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.20cm}} && \!\!\!\!\!\!\! + \! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A}'} V({\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{A}') \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{A}') + \sum_{{\bf R}_{B}'} V({\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{B}') \psi_{B}({\bf R}_{B}'), \quad \label{Eq:TB_AB} \end{eqnarray} where $\gamma_0$ is the hopping integral between nearest-neighbor atoms within the wall and inter-wall hopping integral $V({\bf R},{\bf R}')$ is nonzero only when carbon atoms at sites ${\bf R}$ and ${\bf R}'$ are very closely located in the opposite side of the flattened region. Since $\pi$ orbitals are symmetric within the wall, $V({\bf R},{\bf R}')$ is a function of $|{\bf R}-{\bf R}'|$ well inside the flattened region. \par \begin{figure} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{eps/fig2_graphnsil.eps} \caption \label{Fig:Lattice_Structure_and_Brillouin_Zone} The lattice structure of graphene (a) and the first Brillouin zone (b). The primitive translation vectors are denoted by ${\bf a}$ and ${\bf b}$ ($|{\bf a}|=|{\bf b}|=a$) and the vectors connecting nearest-neighbor atoms are denoted by $\vec\tau_1$, $\vec\tau_2$, and $\vec\tau_3$ in (a). The reciprocal lattice vectors are denoted by ${\bf a}^*$ and ${\bf b}^*$, and ${\bf K}=(2\pi/a)(1/3,\,1/\sqrt3)$ and ${\bf K}'=(2\pi/a)(2/3,\,0)$ in (b). } \end{center} \end{figure} In a monolayer graphene the conduction and valence bands consisting of $\pi$ orbitals cross at K and K' points of the Brillouin zone shown in Fig.\ \ref{Fig:Lattice_Structure_and_Brillouin_Zone} (b), where the Fermi level is located.\cite{Wallace_1947a,Painter_and_Ellis_1970a} For states in the vicinity of the Fermi level $\varepsilon=0$, the amplitudes are written as \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\! \psi_{A}({\bf R}_{A}) = e^{i {\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{A}} F_{A}^K({\bf R}_{A}) + e^{+i \eta} e^{i {\bf K}' \cdot{\bf R}_{A}} F_{A}^{K'}({\bf R}_{A}), \\ && \!\!\!\! \psi_{B}({\bf R}_{B}) = - \omega e^{+ i \eta} e^{i {\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{B}} F_{B}^K({\bf R}_{B}) + e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{B}} F_{B}^{K'}({\bf R}_{B}), \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.10cm}} \end{eqnarray} with $\omega=\exp(2\pi i/3)$.\cite{Ando_2005a_and_References} Envelope functions $F_{A}^K$, $F_{B}^K$, $F_{A}^{K'}$, and $F_{B}^{K'}$ are assumed to be slowly varying in the scale of the lattice constant. The effective-mass approximation is valid and well reproduces electronic properties as well as the band structure for energy range given by $|\varepsilon|\ll 3\gamma_0$.\cite{Ajiki_and_Ando_1993a,Ajiki_and_Ando_1996a,Ando_2005a_and_References} \par In the absence of inter-wall interactions, the envelope functions for the K point satisfy \begin{eqnarray} \hat{\cal H}^K(\hat{\bf k}) {\bf F}^K({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \varepsilon {\bf F}^K({\bf r}), \\ \hat{\cal H}^K(\hat{\bf k}) \!\! & = & \!\! \gamma \pmatrix{ 0 & \hat k_- \cr \hat k_+ & 0 \cr }, \\ {\bf F}^K({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \pmatrix{ F_A^K({\bf r}) \cr \noalign{\vspace{0.10cm}} F_B^K({\bf r}) \cr }. \end{eqnarray} where $\hat k_\pm=\hat k_x\pm i \hat k_y$, $\hat{\bf k}=-i\vec\nabla$, and $\gamma=\sqrt{3}a\gamma_0/2$ is the band parameter with lattice constant $a=0.246$ nm. Here, wave vector ${\bf k}$ is measured from the K point denoted by ${\bf K}$. For the K' point, we should exchange $\hat k_+$ and $\hat k_-$ in the Hamiltonian, i.e., \begin{equation} \hat{\cal H}^{K'}(\hat{\bf k}) = \gamma \pmatrix{ 0 & \hat k_+ \cr \hat k_- & 0 \cr }, \end{equation} where ${\bf k}$ is measured from the K' point, i.e., ${\bf K}'$. \par We shall construct a nanotube in such a way that the hexagon at ${\bf L}=n_a {\bf a} + n_b {\bf b}$ with integers $n_a$ and $n_b$ is rolled onto the origin. For translation ${\bf r}\!\rightarrow\!{\bf r}+{\bf L}$, the Bloch function at the K and K' points acquires the phase \begin{eqnarray} \exp( i {\bf K} \cdot {\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \exp\Big( + {2\pi i \nu \over 3} \Big), \\ \exp( i {\bf K}' \

redpajama

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cdot {\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \exp\Big( - {2\pi i \nu \over 3} \Big), \end{eqnarray} where $\nu=0$ or $\pm1$, determined by \begin{equation} n_a + n_b = 3 N + \nu, \label{Eq:nu} \end{equation} with integer $N$. Correspondingly, the boundary conditions for ${\bf F({\bf r})}$ are given by \begin{eqnarray} {\bf F}^K({\bf r}+{\bf L}) = \exp\Big( - {2\pi i \nu \over 3} \Big) {\bf F}^K({\bf r}), \\ {\bf F}^{K'}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) = \exp\Big( + {2\pi i \nu \over 3} \Big) {\bf F}^{K'}({\bf r}), \end{eqnarray} \par Let ${\bf T}$ be the primitive lattice translation vector in the axis direction, \begin{equation} {\bf T} = m_a {\bf a} + m_b {\bf b}, \label{Eq:TranslationVector} \end{equation} with integers $m_a$ and $m_b$. We have \begin{equation} p m_a = n_a - 2 n_b, \qquad p m_b = 2 n_a - n_b, \end{equation} where $p$ is the greatest common divisor of $n_a-2n_b$ and $2n_a-n_b$. For translation ${\bf r}\!\rightarrow\!{\bf r}+{\bf T}$, the Bloch function at the K and K' points acquires the phase \begin{eqnarray} \exp( i {\bf K} \cdot {\bf T}) & \!\! = \!\! & \exp\Big( + {2\pi i \mu \over 3} \Big), \\ \exp( i {\bf K}' \cdot {\bf T}) & \!\! = \!\! & \exp\Big( - {2\pi i \mu \over 3} \Big), \end{eqnarray} where $\mu=0$ or $\pm1$, determined by \begin{equation} m_a + m_b = 3 M + \mu, \label{Eq:mu} \end{equation} with integer $M$. This shows that the K and K' points are mapped onto $k_\mu^K$ and $k_\mu^{K'}$, respectively, with \begin{equation} k_\mu^K \equiv + {2\pi \mu \over 3 T}, \quad k_\mu^{K'} \equiv - {2\pi \mu \over 3 T}. \end{equation} within the one-dimensional first Brillouin zone $[-\pi/T,\allowbreak +\pi/T]$, with $T=|{\bf T}|$. \par For the K point, the energies and corresponding wave functions are given by\cite{Ajiki_and_Ando_1993a,Ajiki_and_Ando_1996a,Ando_2005a_and_References} \begin{eqnarray} \varepsilon_{ns}^K(k) \!\! & = & \!\! s \gamma \sqrt{\kappa_\nu^K(n)^2 + (k - k_\mu^K)^2 }, \\ {\bf F}_{nks}^K({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! {1\over \sqrt{AL}} {\bf F}_{nks}^K \exp\big[ i \kappa_\nu^K(n) x + i (k - k_\mu^K) y \big], \quad \end{eqnarray} with \begin{eqnarray} \kappa_\nu^K(n) \!\! & = & \!\! {2\pi \over L} \Big( n - {\nu\over 3} \Big), \\ {\bf F}_{nks}^K \!\! & = & \!\! {1\over \sqrt2} \pmatrix{ b_{\mu,\nu}^K(n,k) \cr s \cr }, \\ b_{\mu\nu}^K(n,k) \!\! & = & \!\! { \kappa_\nu^K(n) - i (k - k_\mu^K) \over \sqrt{\kappa_\nu(n)^2 + (k - k_\mu^K)^2} }, \end{eqnarray} where $k$ is the wave vector in the axis direction, measured from the center of the one-dimensional Brillouin zone, $n$ is an integer, $s=+1$ and $-1$ for the conduction and valence band, respectively, and $A$ is the tube length. For the K' point, we should replace $\nu$ with $-\nu$, $\mu$ with $-\mu$, and $b_{\mu,\nu}^K(n,k)$ with $b_{\mu,\nu}^{K'}(n,k)=b_{-\mu,-\nu}^{K}(n,k)^*$. The band structure is illustrated in Fig.\ \ref{Fig:Nanotube_Bands} in the vicinity of $\varepsilon=0$. \par \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{eps/fig3a_acband-m.eps} \qquad\quad \includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{eps/fig3b_zzband-m.eps} \qquad\quad \includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{eps/fig3c_zzscband-m.eps} \caption \label{Fig:Nanotube_Bands} Schematic illustration of energy bands for (a) an armchair tube $k_\mu\!\neq\!0$, and (b) metallic and (c) semiconducting zigzag nanotubes with $k_\mu=0$. } \end{center} \end{figure*} In the presence of inter-wall coupling, the envelope functions satisfy the Schr\"odinger equation, \begin{equation} \hat{\cal H}(\hat{\bf k}) {\bf F}({\bf r}) + \int d {\bf r}' \hat{\cal V}({\bf r},{\bf r}') {\bf F}({\bf r}') = \varepsilon {\bf F}({\bf r}), \label{Eq:Schrodinger_equation} \end{equation} with \begin{eqnarray} \hat {\cal H}(\hat{\bf k}) \!\! & = & \!\! \pmatrix{ \hat{\cal H}^K(\hat{\bf k}) & 0 \cr 0 & \hat{\cal H}^{K'}(\hat{\bf k}) \cr }, \\ {\bf F}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \pmatrix{ {\bf F}^K({\bf r}) \cr {\bf F}^{K'}({\bf r}) \cr }. \end{eqnarray} The (4,4) matrix effective-potential of inter-wall interaction is given by \begin{equation} \hat{\cal V}({\bf r},{\bf r}') = \hat V({\bf r}) \delta({\bf r}'-\bar{\bf r}), \end{equation} with \begin{equation} \hat V({\bf r}) = \pmatrix{\hat V^{KK}({\bf r}) & \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}) \cr \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}) & \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}) \cr }, \end{equation} where $\hat V^{KK}({\bf r})$, etc.\ are (2,2) matrices given by \begin{equation} \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}) = \pmatrix{V_{AA}^{KK}({\bf r}) & V_{AB}^{KK}({\bf r}) \cr \noalign{\vspace{0.10cm}} V_{BA}^{KK}({\bf r}) & V_{BB}^{KK}({\bf r}) \cr }, \end{equation} etc. Explicit expressions for the effective potential are more easily written down in terms of \begin{equation} \tilde V({\bf r}) = \pmatrix{\tilde V_{AA}({\bf r}) & \tilde V_{AB}({\bf r}) \cr \tilde V_{BA}({\bf r}) & \tilde V_{BB}({\bf r}) \cr }, \end{equation} where $\tilde V_{AA}({\bf r})$, etc.\ are (2,2) matrices given by \begin{equation

redpajama

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} \tilde V_{AA}({\bf r}) = \pmatrix{ \tilde V_{AA}^{KK}({\bf r}) & \tilde V_{AA}^{KK'}({\bf r}) \cr \noalign{\vspace{0.10cm}} \tilde V_{AA}^{K'K}({\bf r}) & \tilde V_{AA}^{K'K'}({\bf r}) \cr }, \end{equation} etc. We can obtain $\tilde V$ from $\hat V({\bf r})$ by a simple unitary transformation. \par Then, the effective potential of inter-wall interaction is explicitly given by \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\! \tilde V_{AA}({\bf r}) = \!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{A}'} \!\! {1\over 2} \big[ g({\bf r}-{\bf R}_{A}) + g(\bar{\bf r}-{\bf R}_{A}') \big] V({\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{A}') \quad \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \! \pmatrix{ e^{i {\bf K}\cdot ({\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf R}_{A})} & e^{i \eta}e^{i ({\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{A})} \cr e^{-i \eta}e^{i ({\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{A})} & e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot ({\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf R}_{A})} \cr } \!, \label{Eq:VAA} \\ && \!\!\!\! \tilde V_{AB}({\bf r}) = \!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{B}'} \!\! {1\over 2} \big[ g({\bf r}-{\bf R}_{A}) + g(\bar{\bf r}-{\bf R}_{B}') \big] V({\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{B}') \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \! \pmatrix{ -\omega e^{i \eta}e^{i {\bf K}\cdot ({\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf R}_{A})} & e^{i ({\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{A})}\cr -\omega e^{i ({\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{A})} & e^{-i \eta}e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot ({\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf R}_{A})} \cr } \!, \label{Eq:VAB} \\ && \!\!\!\! \tilde V_{BA}({\bf r}) = \!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_{A},{\bf R}_{A}'} \!\! {1\over 2} \big[ g({\bf r}-{\bf R}_{B}) + g(\bar{\bf r}-{\bf R}_{A}') \big] V({\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{A}') \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \! \pmatrix{ \! -\omega^{-1} e^{-i \eta}e^{i {\bf K}\cdot ({\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf R}_{B})} & \!\! -\omega^{-1} e^{i ({\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{B})} \! \cr e^{i ({\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{B})} & e^{i \eta} e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot ({\bf R}'_{A}-{\bf R}_{B})} \cr } \!, \label{Eq:VBA} \\ && \!\!\!\! \tilde V_{BB}({\bf r}) = \!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{B}'} \!\! {1\over 2} \big[ g({\bf r}-{\bf R}_{B}) + g(\bar{\bf r}-{\bf R}_{B}') \big] V({\bf R}_{B},{\bf R}_{B}') \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \! \pmatrix{ \!\!\! e^{i {\bf K}\cdot ({\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf R}_{B})} & \!\!\! \!\!\! -\omega^{-1} e^{-i \eta} e^{i ({\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}_{B})} \cr - \omega e^{i \eta} e^{i ({\bf K}\cdot{\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf K}'\cdot{\bf R}_{B})} \!\!\!\!\!\! & e^{i {\bf K}'\cdot ({\bf R}'_{B}-{\bf R}_{B})} \!\!\! \cr } \!. \label{Eq:VBB} \end{eqnarray} We should note that ${\bf R}_A$ and ${\bf R}_B$ and also ${\bf K}$ and ${\bf K}'$ are in the coordinate system $x'y'$ fixed onto the development map and ${\bf r}$ and $\bar{\bf r}$ are in the coordinate system $xy$ fixed onto carbon nanotubes. Thus, ${\bf r}$ and $\bar{\bf r}$ should be converted into the $x'y'$ system in the above equations. \par We have introduced a smoothing function $g({\bf r})$ which varies smoothly in the range $|{\bf r}| \alt a$ and decays rapidly and vanishes for $|{\bf r}|\gg a$.\cite{Ando_2005a_and_References} It should satisfy the conditions: \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\! \sum_{{\bf R}_A} g({\bf r} - {\bf R}_A) = \sum_{{\bf R}_B} g({\bf r} - {\bf R}_B) = 1, \\ && \!\!\!\! \int d {\bf r} \, g({\bf r} - {\bf R}_A) = \int d {\bf r} \, g({\bf r} - {\bf R}_B) = \Omega_0, \end{eqnarray} where $\Omega_0$ is the area of a unit cell given by $\Omega_0=\sqrt3 a^2/2$. The function $g({\bf r} - {\bf R})$ can be replaced by a delta function when it is multiplied by a function such as ${\bf F}({\bf r})$ varying smoothly in the scale of the lattice constant, i.e., $g({\bf r}-{\bf R}) \approx \Omega_0 \delta({\bf r}-{\bf R})$. \par The effective potential satisfies \begin{equation} \hat V(\bar{\bf r}) = \hat V({\bf r})^\dagger, \label{Eq:Symmetry_of_Interlayer_Interaction} \end{equation} and therefore \begin{equation} \hat{\cal V}({\bf r},{\bf r}')^\dagger = \hat V(\bar{\bf r}) \delta({\bf r}'-\bar{\bf r}) = \hat V({\bf r}') \delta({\bf r}-\bar{\bf r}') = \hat{\cal V}({\bf r}',{\bf r}), \end{equation} which insures that $\hat{\cal V}({\bf r},{\bf r}')$ is a Hermitian operator. The Hamiltonian should satisfy the time reversal invariance under operation given by\cite{Suzuura_and_Ando_2002b,Ando_2006c} \begin{equation} {\bf F}^T = e^{- i \psi} \pmatrix{0 & \sigma_z \cr \sigma_z & 0 \cr } {\bf F}^*. \end{equation} where $\sigma_x$ is the Pauli spin matrix and $\psi$ is an arbitrary phase factor. Thus, the inter-wall potential $\hat V({\bf r})$ should satisfy \begin{equation} \pmatrix{ 0 & \sigma_z \cr \sigma_z & 0 \cr } \hat V({\bf r})^* \pmatrix{ 0 & \sigma_z \cr \sigma_z & 0 \cr } = \hat V({\bf r}), \label{Eq:Time_Reversal_Symmetry_of_Interlayer_Potential} \end{equation} or \begin{equation} \pmatrix{ \sigma_x & 0 \cr 0 & - \sigma_x \cr } \tilde V({\bf r})^* \pmatrix{ \sigma_x & 0 \cr 0 & - \sigma_x \cr } = \tilde V({\bf r}). \label{Eq:Time_Reversal_Symmetry_of_Interlayer_Potential:_2} \end{equation} \par Further, the effective potential has the following translational properties: \begin{eqnarray} \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{KK

redpajama

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}({\bf r}) \, e^{-4\pi i \nu/3}, \nonumber \\ \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}), \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.250cm}} \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.250cm}} \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}), \nonumber \\ \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}+{\bf L}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}) \, e^{+4\pi i \nu/3}, \nonumber \end{eqnarray} and \begin{eqnarray} \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}+{\bf T}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}), \nonumber \\ \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}+{\bf T}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}) \, e^{-4\pi i \mu/3}, \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.250cm}} \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.250cm}} \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}+{\bf T}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}) \, e^{+4\pi i \mu/3}, \nonumber \\ \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}+{\bf T}) \!\! & = & \!\! \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}). \nonumber \end{eqnarray} Therefore, it can be expanded into a Fourier series, such that \begin{eqnarray} \hat V^{KK}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \sum_{n,m} \hat V^{KK}_{n,m} \! \exp \! \Big[{2\pi i \over L}\Big(n - {2\nu \over 3}\Big) x + {2\pi i m\over T} y \Big], \nonumber \\ \hat V^{KK'}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \sum_{n,m} \hat V^{KK'}_{n,m} \! \exp \! \Big[{2\pi i n\over L} x + {2\pi i \over T} \Big( m - {2\mu\over 3} \Big) y \Big], \nonumber \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.3750cm}} \\ \noalign{\vspace{-0.150cm}} \hat V^{K'K}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \sum_{n,m} \hat V^{K'K}_{n,m} \! \exp \! \Big[{2\pi i n\over L} x + {2\pi i \over T} \Big( m + {2\mu\over 3} \Big) y \Big], \quad \nonumber \\ \hat V^{K'K'}({\bf r}) \!\! & = & \!\! \sum_{n,m} \hat V^{K'K'}_{n,m} \! \exp \! \Big[{2\pi i \over L}\Big(n + {2\nu \over 3}\Big) x + {2\pi i m\over T} y \Big], \nonumber \end{eqnarray} with integers $n$ and $m$. This shows that the inter-wall coupling gives rise to interactions among bands with same $k$ value in the one-dimensional Brillouin zone. \par We shall expand the wave functions in terms of those of the corresponding cylindrical nanotube: \begin{eqnarray} && \!\!\!\! {\bf F}({\bf r}) = {1\over \sqrt{AL}} \sum_{m,n} \exp[i (k+G_m) y] \nonumber \\ && \!\!\!\! \times \pmatrix{ \exp[i \kappa_\nu^{K}(n)x-i k_\mu^K y] \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! & 0 \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! \cr \noalign{\smallskip} \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! 0 & \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! \exp[i \kappa_\nu^{K'}(n)x-i k_\mu^{K'} y] \cr } {\bf F}_{nm}, \qquad \end{eqnarray} with $G_m=2\pi m/T$. Then, we have \begin{equation} \hat {\cal H}[n,k+G_m] {\bf F}_{nm} + \sum_{n'm'} \hat V_{n+n',m-m'} {\bf F}_{n'm'} = \varepsilon {\bf F}_{nm}, \end{equation} with \begin{equation} \hat {\cal H}[n,k] = \pmatrix {\hat{\cal H}^{K}[\kappa_\nu^{K}(n),k-k_\mu^K] \!\!\!\!\!\! & 0 \!\!\!\!\!\! \cr \noalign{\smallskip} \!\!\!\!\!\! 0 & \!\!\!\!\!\! \hat{\cal H}^{K'}[\kappa_\nu^{K'}(n),k-k_\mu^{K'}] \cr} \!, \end{equation} and \begin{equation} \hat V_{n+n',m-m'} = \pmatrix{ \hat V_{n+n',m-m'}^{KK} & \hat V_{n+n',m-m'}^{KK'} \cr \noalign{\smallskip} \hat V_{n+n',m-m'}^{K'K} & \hat V_{n+n',m-m'}^{K'K'} \cr }. \end{equation} \par \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=15.0cm]{eps/fig4_FlattenedCN-ZZ2a.eps} \caption \label{Fig:Structure_of_Flattened_Zigzag_Nanotube} Some examples of the structure of the double-wall region of a flattened zigzag nanotube. The A and B sites remain the same, but the K and K' points are exchanged between the upper (red) region and the lower (green) region. (a) $\zeta=na$ corresponding to an AA stacked bilayer, (b) $na<\zeta(n+{1 \over 4})a$, (c) $\zeta=(n+{1\over4})a$, (d) $\zeta=(n+{1\over 2})a$ corresponding to another AA stacked bilayer. } \end{center} \vspace{-0.250cm} \end{figure*} For actual numerical calculations, the inter-wall hopping integral $V({\bf R}_1,{\bf R}_2)$ is chosen as\cite{Slater_and_Koster_1954a,Spain_1973a,Dresselhaus_et_al_1988a,Mintmire_and_White_1995a,Nakanishi_and_Ando_2001a,Uryu_2004a,Moon_and_Koshino_2012a,Moon_and_Koshino_2013a} \begin{eqnarray} \!\!\!\! && V({\bf R}_1,{\bf R}_2) = - \Big[ \alpha {\gamma_1 \over |{\bf t}|^2 } \exp \! \Big( \! - {|{\bf t}| - c/2 \over \delta } \Big) ({\bf p}_1 \! \cdot \! {\bf t}) ({\bf p}_2 \! \cdot \! {\bf t}) \nonumber \\ \!\!\!\! &&- \gamma_0 \exp \! \Big( \! - {|{\bf t}| - b \over \delta } \Big) [ ({\bf p}_1 \! \cdot \! {\bf u}) ({\bf p}_2 \! \cdot \! {\bf u}) + ({\bf p}_1 \! \cdot \! {\bf v}) ({\bf p}_2 \! \cdot \! {\bf v}) ] \Big], \qquad \end{eqnarray} where $b$ is the distance between neighboring carbons in graphene, i.e., $b=a/\sqrt3$, $c$ the lattice constant along the $c$ axis in graphite given by $c/a=2.72$, and $\delta$ the decay rate of the $\pi$ orbital. Further, $\gamma_1$ is the hopping integral between nearest-neighbor sites of neighboring layers in graphite. Vectors, ${\bf p}_1$ and ${\bf p}_2$ are unit vectors directed along $\pi$ orbitals at ${\bf R}_1$ and at ${\bf R}_2$, respectively, ${\bf t}$ is a vector connecting the two sites, and ${\

redpajama

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bf u}$ and ${\bf v}$ are unit vectors perpendicular to ${\bf t}$ and to each other. In the following numerical calculations, we use parameters $\gamma_0=2.7$ eV, $\gamma_1=0.4$ eV, $\delta/a=0.185$, and $\alpha=1.4$. \par The negative sign appearing in $V({\bf R}_1,{\bf R}_2)$ is due to the fact that the $\pi$ orbitals in the top and bottom sides of the nanotube have signs opposite to each other because of the tube geometry. Further, we choose the following smoothing function: \begin{equation} g({\bf r}) = {\Omega_0 \over \pi d^2 } \exp\Big( - {{\bf r}^2 \over d^2 } \Big), \end{equation} with smoothing length $d$. This $d$ is of the order of lattice constant $a$, but can be regarded as zero in the scale of the effective-mass approximation. In the following, we choose $2\,\lsim\,d/a\,\lsim\,5$, for which the results are independent of this parameter. \par As shown by molecular dynamics simulations, coupling in the flattened region is slowly turned on in the vicinity of its edge.\cite{Zhang_et_al_2006b} When the coupling suddenly appears at a boundary, extra coupling terms may appear, being strongly localized at edges. In order to avoid such unphysical effects, we multiply the inter-wall hopping by the following function: \begin{equation} \theta(x-x_{\rm edge},\Delta_{\rm edge}) = {1\over 2} \Big[ 1 - {\rm erf}\Big({x - x_{\rm edge} \over \Delta_{\rm edge}}\Big) \Big], \label{Eq:Delta_edge} \end{equation} with ${\rm erf}(t)$ being the error function defined by \begin{equation} {\rm erf}(t) = {2\over \sqrt\pi} \int_0^t e^{-s^2} d s. \end{equation} The parameter $\Delta_{\rm edge}$ describes the width of the region where coupling increases from zero to the value well in the flattened region. Actual calculations show that an extra effective potential localized at edges appears for $\Delta_{\rm edge}/a\ll 1$, but turns out to be negligibly small except in very narrow wires and therefore can safely be neglected for thick wires with collapsed structures. \par \section{Weak Inter-Wall Coupling} \label{Sec:Weak_Inter-Wall_Coupling} \subsection{Inter-Wall Potential in Zigzag and Armchair} \label{Ssc:Inter-Wall_Potential} \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=15.0cm]{eps/fig5_FlattenedCN-AC5a.eps} \caption \label{Fig:Structure_of_Flattened_Armchair_Nanotube} Some examples of the structure of the double-wall region of a flattened armchair nanotube. The K and K' points remain the same, but A and B sites are exchanged between the upper (red) region and the lower (green) region. (a) $2<|endoftext|>Q: What is the colon (:) in Emacs lisp? I'm not talking about keyword variables (those that are prefixed with a colon), I'm talking about just :. Example from an ielm session: ELISP> : : It seems to be a variable whose value is : which makes it sort of act like a noop like it does in shell. I'm just curious if there's any documentation about it. I can't look it up with describe-variable... A: : is a keyword, that is, a Lisp symbol whose print name begins with ":". It satisfies predicate keywordp. A: Looks like it's just a variable whose value is : after all. I can't look it by calling describe-variable interactively but I can look it up with (describe-variable :): :'s value is : Documentation: Not documented as a variable. Edit: no, it's not a variable. See the accepted answer. <|endoftext|>A Segunda Frente Bielorussa () foi uma frente (formação militar) do Exército Vermelho durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ela foi criada em fevereiro de 1944, quando os soviéticos empurraram os alemães de volta à Bielorrússia. O coronel-general Pavel Kurochkin tornou-se seu primeiro comandante. Operações Em 2 de janeiro de 1944, a frente adentrou os antigos territórios poloneses. Em 26 de junho de 1944, as forças da frente capturaram Mogilev, na Ofensiva de Mogilev. Em 4 de julho, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa foi encarregado de eliminar o restante do 4º Exército do Grupo de Exércitos Centro e do 9º Exército, em um grande saliente a sudeste de Minsk. No dia 9 de julho, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa atacou a noroeste de Vitebsk, como parte de uma grande ofensiva soviética a leste de Riga, buscando cortar o Grupo de Exércitos Norte alemão. Em 29 de julho, os soviéticos chegaram à costa cortando o Grupo de Exércitos Norte, na Estônia e na Letônia oriental. Em 13 de setembro, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa capturou Łomża, a oeste de Białystok. Em novembro de 1944, o marechal Konstantin Rokossovski foi nomeado comandante da Segunda Frente Bielorussa, a tempo de suas duas últimas grandes ofensivas na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Como parte de um ataque massivo de quatro frentes em 14 de janeiro de 1945, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa atacou a Prússia Oriental (Ofensiva da Prússia Oriental) e depois a Pomerânia (Ofensiva da Pomerânia Oriental). Em 9 de abril de 1945, Königsberg, na Prússia Oriental, finalmente caiu diante do Exército Vermelho. Isso liberou a Segunda Frente Bielorussa para se deslocar para oeste, para a margem do rio Oder. Durante as duas primeiras semanas de abril, os soviéticos realizaram sua mais rápida redistribuição da frente da guerra. O general Gueorgui Júkov concentrou sua Primeira Frente Bielorrussa, que estava ao longo do rio Oder, de Frankfurt, no sul, até o Báltico, em uma área em frente às Colinas de Seelow. A Segunda Frente Bielorussa mudou-se para as posições que estavam sendo deixadas pela Primeira Frente Bielorrussa, ao norte de Seelow. Enquanto esta redistribuição estava em andamento, lacunas foram deixadas livres, e os remanescentes do 2º Exército alemão conseguiram escapar através do Oder. Na madrugada de 16 de abril, a ofensiva final para capturar Berlim e se unir às forças aliadas ocidentais no Elba, começou com ataques da Primeira Frente Bielorrussa, e, ao sul, da Primeira Frente Ucraniana General Ivan Konev. A Segunda Frente Bielorussa participou do ataque em 20 de abril. Em 25 de abril, a Segunda Frente Bielorussa avançou sobre sua cabeça de ponte ao sul de Stettin e, ao fim da guerra, havia capturado toda a Alemanha ao norte de Berlim, limitando-se no oeste à linha de frente do 21º Grupo de Exércitos britânico, que avançara sobre o rio Elba em alguns locais. Atrocidades Em Demmin, por volta de 1º de maio de 1945, os membros do 65º Exército da Segunda Frente Bielorrussa invadiram uma destilaria e a cidade, cometendo estupros em massa, executando arbitrariamente civis e

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Public Release: 31-Oct-2005 The secret of impressive writing? Keep it plain and simple Writers who use long words needlessly and choose complicated font styles are seen as less intelligent than those who stick with basic vocabulary and plain text, according to new research from the Princeton University in New Jersey, to be published in the next edition of Applied Cognitive Psychology. This implies that efforts to impress readers by using florid font styles and searching through a thesaurus may have the opposite effect. Study author Daniel Oppenheimer based his findings on students' responses to writing samples for which the complexity of the font or vocabulary was systematically manipulated. In a series of five experiments, he found that people tended to rate the intelligence of authors who wrote essays in simpler language, using an easy to read font, as higher than those who authored more complex works. "It's important to point out that this research is not about problems with using long words but about using long words needlessly," said study author Daniel Oppenheimer. "Anything that makes a text hard to read and understand, such as unnecessarily long words or complicated fonts, will lower readers' evaluations of the text and its author." The samples of text included graduate school applications, sociology dissertation abstracts, and translations of a work of Descartes. Times New Roman and italicised Juice font were used in samples to further assess the effect of fluency on rating levels. Interestingly, by making people aware that the source of low fluency was irrelevant to judgement, Oppenheimer found that they overcompensated and became biased in the opposite direction. In a final experiment, he provided samples of text printed with normal and low printer toner levels. The low toner levels made the text harder to read, but readers were able to identify the toner as being responsible for the difficulty, and therefore didn't blame the authors. "The continuing popularity amongst students of using big words and attractive font styles may be due to the fact that they may not realise these techniques could backfire," Oppenheimer noted. "One thing seems certain: write as simply and plainly as possible and it's more likely you'll be thought of as intelligent." Daniel M. Oppenheimer, Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly, Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology 2005, DOI: 10.1002/acp.1178 Amy Molnar amolnar@wiley.com Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology LEARNING/LITERACY/READING SOCIAL/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE<|endoftext|>Q: flash drive 3.0 not detected on 2.0 usb port I bought a flash disk 3.0 but Ubuntu does not recognize it on usb 2.0 port Is there a solution without buying an adapter? A: No. You need a USB 3.0 port to use it as a USB 3.0 device. You can still use it at USB 2.0 speeds. <|endoftext|>Q: pango+cairo hello world leaks I have problems with leaks in the pangocairo hello world example. #include <cairo.h> #include <pango/pangocairo.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { // 0 cairo_surface_t* surface=cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, 240, 80); // 1 cairo_t* cr=cairo_create(surface); // 2 PangoFontDescription* font_description=pango_font_description_new(); pango_font_description_set_family(font_description,"serif"); pango_font_description_set_weight(font_description,PANGO_WEIGHT_BOLD); pango_font_description_set_absolute_size(font_description,32*PANGO_SCALE); // 3 PangoLayout* layout=pango_cairo_create_layout(cr); pango_layout_set_font_description(layout,font_description); pango_layout_set_text(layout,"Hello, world",-1); cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); cairo_move_to (cr, 10.0, 50.0); pango_cairo_show_layout(cr,layout); // 3 g_object_unref(layout); // 2 pango_font_description_free(font_description); // 1 cairo_destroy (cr); cairo_surface_write_to_png (surface, "hello.png"); // 0 cairo_surface_destroy (surface); return 0; } Valgrind outputs ==5178== definitely lost: 7,936 bytes in 28 blocks ==5178== indirectly lost: 8,510 bytes in 374 blocks ==5178== possibly lost: 1,514 bytes in 21 blocks ==5178== still reachable: 567,835 bytes in 5,069 block And complains about libfontconfig, and glib. Are there any missing cleanup above? If not should I care about it (post a bug report), or is it the lazy free policy of the GNOME project that shows up again? A: I can get this from ==8376== definitely lost: 3,840 bytes in 12 blocks ==8376== indirectly lost: 7,822 bytes in 339 blocks ==8376== possibly lost: 1,514 bytes in 21 blocks ==8376== still reachable: 573,848 bytes in 4,977 blocks to ==8394== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==8394== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==8394== possibly lost: 1,514 bytes in 21 blocks ==8394== still reachable: 60,064 bytes in 368 blocks via adding pango_cairo_font_map_set_default(NULL); cairo_debug_reset_static_data(); FcFini(); at the end of the file. Note that FcFini() needs an extra #include <fontconfig/fontconfig.h> and linking against fontconfig. From a quick look, the remaining complaints from valgrind are from GLib's type system getting set up. As far as I know, there is not much one can do to get rid of those false-positives. <|endoftext|>Lagochile är ett släkte av skalbaggar. Lagochile ingår i familjen Rutelidae. Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life: Källor Skalbaggar Lagochile<|endoftext|>Q: How to get requests of an Element tag using Selenium How to get request of a element by using selenium. public void TestFlightSubmit(){ driver.findElement(By.className("primaryBtn font24 latoBlack widgetSearchBtn")); } Is there any way so that I can get request of this element by passing its className and save it into my HAR file. Failed to get all the Page View requests and Clicked Requests on the web application I had coded a test case for Automation in Selenium to get all the requests on the web page including Clicked Elements. But I think I'm not able to get all the requests on my web page. Can anyone help me how can I get all requests especially Clicked Elements Requests. My Code: @BeforeTest public void setUp(){ proxy = new BrowserMobProxyServer(); proxy.start(3000); Proxy seleniumProxy = ClientUtil.createSeleniumProxy(proxy); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY, seleniumProxy); System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", driverPath+"chromedriver"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities); proxy.enableHarCaptureTypes(CaptureType.REQUEST_CONTENT, CaptureType.REQUEST_BINARY_CONTENT, CaptureType.REQUEST_HEADERS, CaptureType.REQUEST_COOKIES); proxy.newHar("MakeMyTripSearchFlights"); driver.get("https://www.makemytrip.com/"); } @Test(expectedExceptions = { IOException.class }) public void TestFlightSubmit(){ driver.findElement(By.className("primaryBtn font24 latoBlack widgetSearchBtn")); } <|endoftext|>Stephen Near Writer LARP Fiction Through the Looking Glass: The Culture of Conspiracy in JFK (Part 5) Posted bysnear1701 December 31, 2021 Posted inUncategorized By the end of the nineties, my obsession with conspiracies was being replaced by a greater sense of awareness in my own politics. I took an interest in current affairs, started watching The West Wing and followed with rapt disbelief the 2000 election victory of George W. Bush. Did I not see a conspiracy in the works during that

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fiasco? Perhaps. But my distance from the state of Florida, and my own ignorance of the U.S. political apparatus, extinguished my outrage. Closer to home, my belief in conspiracies as alternate histories engendered a deeper fascination with the notion of alternate realities. I devoured The Holographic Universe by Michael Talbot, framed images of spiral galaxies for my one bedroom apartment, and toured the theatre circuit with a play about grief and theoretical physics. No longer fixated on grey aliens or Area 51, the rants of paranoia that had been so captivating were now replaced by equally alien yet hopefully plausible essays on parallel dimensions. The key word being hope. After a decade of the endless cynicism of conspiracy, I sought answers that might provide a ray of light from the dark paranoia of nineties. I still believed in those answers on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. I had not experienced the Kennedy assassination, myself, but am told by those who did that 9/11 evoked a similar, gut response. A palpable knowing that something had changed and our society would never be the same again. Watching the devastation in New York and Washington in real time, it was as if all of the nightmares of the military industrial complex Stone had warned of in JFK had now so terribly come home to roost. The War on Terror began. Kabul was bombed. Iraq was invaded. And the world collectively began to march to the drumhead beat of an ideological conflict that is still being fought today. Like so many others, 9/11 was the beginning of my unknown reality. Not long afterwards, as was expected, the conspiracy theories began. But not of the hidden plans of the hijackers or the long involvement of Bin Laden with Saudi oil interests. And not even the multiple warnings to U.S. intelligence agencies that went unheeded. The emerging conspiracy theories that took hold involved remote-piloted planes, controlled demolitions, and Bin Laden as an agent provocateur. Fuelled by Internet forums, and popularized by the Loose Change series of films, 9/11 conspiracies attempted and, in some circles, succeeded in establishing alternate narratives for the tragedy of the day. But I didn’t embrace them. It seemed the more I was exposed to such theories the firmer I was in my rejections. Not long afterwards, I also dismissed the idea that alien spacecraft had been reverse engineered at Area 51. And just within the last decade, after reviewing new evidence and research, I’ve come to reevaluate my stance of the Kennedy assassination. Perhaps I had been so immersed in the culture of paranoia that, when confronted with my own personal assassination moment, I rejected outlandish plots in favour of Occam’s Razor. I decried the racism of anti-Muslim hysteria, I marched in anti-war demonstrations and I spoke out against the silencing of writers protesting the War on Terror. I needed no allegations of controlled demolition to be outraged and angry; the ever present spectre of U.S. foreign policy provided me with more than enough. Oliver Stone’s JFK was a watershed moment for culture that brought long forgotten or buried details about the assassination into the public eye. Like the projector in the film’s courtroom sequence, it shone new light on the Zapruder film and invited further speculation about the dark dealings of the U.S. government. Indeed, the film can be credited with legislative action allowing for the release of previously classified CIA and FBI documents pertaining to the assassination. But with the public eye came public scrutiny and, in the years after its release, the film was often derided as a historical fallacy. But, in the end, does that really matter? Now seen as a cinematic and technical marvel of propaganda, Stone’s work on JFK has served to both define and fuel the paranoid form in our culture. Through the medium of film, it pulled audiences like myself, through the looking glass into an undiscovered country of truth, lies and the grey in-between. Thanks for taking the time to read this extended post. I hope you enjoyed it and continue to follow my blog for more articles and essays in 2022. Stephen Near Writer, Blog at WordPress.com.<|endoftext|>Spaces are approximately 10’ x 12’ with additional storage behind your display. We do our best to give everyone a corner space by the way we lay out the booths. You will be allowed to drive into the parking area adjacent to the booth display area you my need to dolly 50 or more feet to your space to unload. Artist parking is a five-minute walk to the show. A shuttle may be available with driver to get you back and forth to your inventory. Double spaces are available. Display surface is crushed shell, pavement, and grass you must use weights, and or stakes. Limited electricity is available by request, decided by first arrival of application in the mail. All spaces are handicapped accessible. Exhibitors should make arrangements for wind or rain, as this is an open-air venue. The Festival will go on rain or shine. # Festival Brochure featuring general event information and sponsor listings available at locations throughout the festival location for a month in advance of event. Theee jpeg images added online application. Check-in will begin on Thursday at 10am. Artists who do not check in prior to 8PM Thursday must contact the festival director to declare their arrival and set up time. All artists must be up and running at 9:00 AM Friday. AArtist parking is at The Community Church and a shuttle is provided. There is no charge for parking. Exhibitors may begin to break down their displays at the close of the show, Saturday at 4:00pm. Break down must be completed by 8:00pm. All ZIP TIES must be removed from premises. All vehicles must be removed from location and artist parking Friday. No artist shall park at the library or at City Hall. Artists may only display and sell work in the category that they are accepted into. Exhibiting artists must be 18 years or older and must be present during all show hours. Agents or representatives of the artist do not replace the requirement of the artist to be present during show hours. Assistants are welcome, but not in place of the artist. Any artist leaving prior to the end of the show will be unable to exhibit in any other boulderbrook productions event. Booth sitters will be provided as demand permits.<|endoftext|>Kamakhya, A Socio-Cultural Study is a comprehensive book on the Kamakhya temple complex in Guwahati, Assam. The book is authored by Nihar Ranjan Mishra and published by D. K. Printworld Pvt Ltd in 2004. The book makes a detailed study of the temple rituals, festivals and personnel and socio-cultural life and includes an account on spread of Saktism in the region. References External links 2005 non-fiction books Indian non-fiction books Assamese literature Books from Assam History books about India 21st-century Indian books<|endoftext|>Q: How to fix the permission denied error? (happens in any IDE) I am trying to run a python file. But i got this error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "modeltraining.py", line 29, in <module> sr,audio = read(source + path) File "C:\Users\RAAM COMPUTERS\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\io\wavfile.py", line 233, in read fid = open(filename, 'rb') PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'development_set/' A: Run Spyder as administrator Right click --> run as administrator Or may be you can change the permissions of the directory you want to save to so that all users have read and write permissions. A: After some time relaunching Anaconda and Spyder, I got an alert from Avast antivirus about protecting me from a malicious file, the one I was trying to create. After allowing it, the "[Errno 13] Permission denied" error disappeared. In my case, it seem the cause of the problem was Avast locking the directory. numpy.save(array, path) worked fine, but PIL.Image().save(path) was blocked. A: I am completely late to the party, but here is a tip for someone who tried everything and it didn't work. In Spyder go to python->PYTHONPATH manager and add path to the folder with your data there. Worked for me A: I had the permission error when accessing a file on an external card. I guess the error has nothing to do with anaconda, that is just accidentally in the traceback. Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Admin\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 3343, in run_code exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns) File "<ipython-input-2-219c041de52a>", line 105, in <module> bs = open(filename, 'rb').read() PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'D:\\[MYFILEPATH]\\test.bson' I have checked this error in Spyder and PyCharm, it seems to be independent from the IDE. As the (Windows) solutions here (run as admin

redpajama

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String of public agencies lease offices at Funan A STRING of government bodies have leased office space at the revamped Funan in the North Bridge Road/Hill Street location. These include the Department of Statistics (DOS), organ of state Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC) and the Smart Nation and Digital Government Office (SNDGO), which are leasing a total of about 8,590 sq m (or 92,462 sq ft) of net lettable office space in the South Tower office block of Funan. The Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) will be taking 360 sq m. The Government Technology Agency (GovTech) will occupy 170 sq m there - but this will be within the co-working facility to be operated by WeWork in the building's North Tower office block. The Business Times understands that WeWork has increased the space it is leasing at Funan from 40,000 sq ft to 70,000 sq ft. DOS, which will move to Funan later this year, now operates out of The Treasury next door. "DOS works closely with many of the agencies in The Treasury, and being in Funan will facilitate these work interactions. DOS will be occupying about 5,000 sq m in Funan's South Tower office block, similar to its current office space at The Treasury," a Ministry of Finance (MOF) spokesman told BT. MOF owns The Treasury and is also housed there. Also in the building are the Trade and Industry and Law ministries, the Prime Minister's Office Strategy Group, the Public Service Division and Accountant-General's Department. The roughly 20-year-old Treasury has about 24,000 sq m (about 258,334 sq ft) net lettable area (NLA). The space now occupied by DOS at The Treasury will be taken up by other government units, said the MOF spokesman. An AGC spokesman told BT that by early next year, part of the AGC will be relocated to Funan, where it will occupy about 1,790 sq m in the South Tower. "This is in line with AGC's need for more office space in order to accommodate the increased headcount to manage the government-wide increase in demand for legal services," she added. The organ of state operates out of One Upper Pickering in Chinatown near the State Courts. It has a long lease for the whole of the 15-storey office building, which has about 87,070 sq ft NLA. The AGC began operating from there in March 2013. Market watchers note that a presence at Funan will place the AGC near the Supreme Court Building, which houses the High Court and Court of Appeal. It also marks the AGC's return to where it once was - in leased premises at The Adelphi - before its move to One Upper Pickering. That move was triggered by a lease expiry; the landlord had said then that it had plans for the premises, it was reported. SNDGO's spokesman told BT that it will move to Funan's South Tower by year's end, taking up about 1,800 sq m. "The relocation would better meet SNDGO's needs," he added. The agency is now in Raffles City Tower. GovTech's spokesman told BT that it will be taking co-working space at Funan to work more closely with SNDGO to "build digital solutions for citizens and businesses". The two agencies make up the Smart Nation and Digital Government Group (SNDGG). Funan, redeveloped from the former Funan DigitaLife Mall, has about 887,000 sq ft gross floor area. It comprises a retail component (held through CapitaLand Mall Trust or CMT), two office towers (held by trusts fully owned by CMT), and the lyf co-living serviced residences. The serviced residence component is owned by a fully-owned subsidiary of Ascott Serviced Residence (Global) Fund. Retail tenants in the development include Golden Village, FairPrice Finest and theatre company Wild Rice. The mall will use experiential retail concepts with the integration of online, offline, data and logistics offerings. Source: Business Times, 9 Apr 2019 Tagged: Rental, Funan, WeWork Newer PostRejuvenating CBD with new integrated buildings 'visionary': JLL Older PostUber launches Asia-Pacific hub in Singapore, no plans to restart services in South-east Asia<|endoftext|>Two people shared the highest-profile award at the ninth annual Healthcare Financial Management Association Awards in London. Colin Martin and Bill Shields were jointly awarded the Finance Director of the Year Award. Colin Martin is finance director of Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust and Bill Shields of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. The panel of judges, which included outgoing HFMA president Tony Whitfield, selected Colin and Bill because of their strong leadership.<|endoftext|>Q: How do I share NSNumberFormatter over multiple NIB files? I'm working on an NSPersistentDocument based app that has a per-document currency setting. Preferably, I would like to use a single NSNumberFormatter currencyFormatter for all my NIB files, but there doesn't seem to be any easy way to bind, say, NSTextField formatter to document.currencyFormatter or something similar. I'm pretty sure it is possible to do this using code, adding bindings manually, but it is quite a bit of work since I have many fields using the currency formatter. What is the best option to share the currency formatter across multiple NIB files? A: Here I suggest two ways: * *Subclass the NSNumberFormatter and make it be a singleton (the init method return the same object every time is called).Then drag an object in every xib file and set it's class to the name of the NSNumberFormatter subclass; *Just use the bindings inspector to bind each formatter to document.currencyFormatter. PS: I'm not sure if I completely understand what you're asking, tell me if one of these would be a valid solution to you. <|endoftext|>Q: build dynamic linq query in where clause I want to build a dynamic query that able to extend the where clause condition if the value of the object is not empty string. Here is the code public IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilter(Filter filter) { var y = ConditionalAttribute(filter); var query = from sub in Subscriptions join u in Users on sub.UserID equals u.Id join od in Order_Details1 on sub.OD_Id equals od.OD_Id join p in Products on od.ProductId equals p.ProductId where p.Type == "Testing" + y select new Filter { //do something }; for the Filter Object, here is the code public class Filter { public int UserId { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set;} } the idea is if the filter.FirstName is not null it will append the where clause like this public String ConditionalAttribute(Filter filter) { if(filter.FirstName!= "") return "&& u.First_Name = " + filter.FirstName + ""; } Is there any way to append where clause by string like the code above? Because I've tried the approach above and it fails thanks A: Create as many dynamic terms as you want to use in small methods that return an IQueryable. public IQueryable ConditionalAttribute(IQueryable query, Filter filter) { if(filter.FirstName!= "") { query = query.Where(x => x.First_Name == filter.FirstName); } return query; } then apply them after the initial LINQ statement as you require: public IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilter(Filter filter) { var query = from sub in Subscriptions join u in Users on sub.UserID equals u.Id join od in Order_Details1 on sub.OD_Id equals od.OD_Id join p in Products on od.ProductId equals p.ProductId where p.Type == "Testing" select new Filter { //do something }; query = ConditionalAttribute(query, filter); The statement isn't going to run until you project it into by using.ToList() or FirstOrDefault() or something like that so you can keep chaining onto query in this way as many times as you need. A: I tend to prefer using standard C# syntax rather than the LINQ syntax, but, having said that, I find that LINQ syntax is more elegant when it comes to joining queries. Here's an approach which utilizes the standard C# syntax to dynamically filter the source containers, then uses LINQ syntax to create the joining query. public IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilter(Filter filter) { var y = ConditionalAttribute(filter); IEnumerable<User> filteredUsers = Users; if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filter.FirstName)) { filteredUsers = filteredUsers.Where(u => u.First_Name == filter.FirstName); } var query = from sub in Subscriptions

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Q: cassandra: strategy for single datacenter deployment We are planning to use apache shiro & cassandra for distributed session management very similar to mentioned @ https://github.com/lhazlewood/shiro-cassandra-sample Need advice on deployment for cassandra in Amazon EC2: In EC2, we have below setup: Single region, 2 Availability Zones(AZ), 4 Nodes Accordingly, cassandra is configured: Single DataCenter: DC1 two Racks: Rack1, Rack2 4 Nodes: Rack1_Node1, Rack1_Node2, Rack2_Node1, Rack2_Node2 Data Replication Strategy used is NetworkTopologyStrategy Since Cassandra is used as session datastore, we need high consistency and availability. My Questions: * *How many replicas shall I keep in a cluster? Thinking of 2 replicas, 1 per rack. *What shall be the consistency level(CL) for read and write operations? Thinking of QUORUM for both read and write, considering 2 replicas in a cluster. *In case 1 rack is down, would Cassandra write & read succeed with the above configuration? I know it can use the hinted-hands-off for temporary down node, but does it work for both read/write operations? *Any other suggestion for my requirements? A: Generally going for an even number of nodes is not the best idea, as is going for an even number of availability zones. In this case, if one of the racks fails, the entire cluster will be gone. I'd recommend to go for 3 racks with 1 or 2 nodes per rack, 3 replicas and QUORUM for read and write. Then the cluster would only fail if two nodes/AZ fail. A: You probably have heard of the CAP theorem in database theory. If not, You may learn the details about the theorem in wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem, or just google it. It says for a distributed database with multiple nodes, a database can only achieve two of the following three goals: consistency, availability and partition tolerance. Cassandra is designed to achieve high availability and partition tolerance (AP), but sacrifices consistency to achieve that. However, you could set consistency level to all in Cassandra to shift it to CA, which seems to be your goal. Your setting of quorum 2 is essentially the same as "all" since you have 2 replicas. But in this setting, if a single node containing the data is down, the client will get an error message for read/write (not partition-tolerant). You may take a look at a video here to learn some more (it requires a datastax account): https://academy.datastax.com/courses/ds201-cassandra-core-concepts/introduction-big-data <|endoftext|>'use strict'; const common = require('../common'); if (!common.hasCrypto) common.skip('missing crypto'); const assert = require('assert'); const tls = require('tls'); assert.throws( () => tls.createSecureContext({ ciphers: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'The "options.ciphers" property must be of type string.' + 'Received type number (1)' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ ciphers: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'The "options.ciphers" property must be of type string.' + 'Received type number (1)' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createSecureContext({ key: 'dummykey', passphrase: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'Pass phrase must be a string' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ key: 'dummykey', passphrase: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'Pass phrase must be a string' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ ecdhCurve: 1 }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'ECDH curve name must be a string' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ handshakeTimeout: 'abcd' }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'The "options.handshakeTimeout" property must be of type number.' + " Received type string ('abcd')" } ); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ sessionTimeout: 'abcd' }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'Session timeout must be a 32-bit integer' }); assert.throws( () => tls.createServer({ ticketKeys: 'abcd' }), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', name: 'TypeError', message: 'Ticket keys must be a buffer' }); assert.throws(() => tls.createServer({ ticketKeys: Buffer.alloc(0) }), /TypeError: Ticket keys length must be 48 bytes/); assert.throws( () => tls.createSecurePair({}), { message: 'context must be a SecureContext', code: 'ERR_TLS_INVALID_CONTEXT', name: 'TypeError', } ); { const buffer = Buffer.from('abcd'); const out = {}; tls.convertALPNProtocols(buffer, out); out.ALPNProtocols.write('efgh'); assert(buffer.equals(Buffer.from('abcd'))); assert(out.ALPNProtocols.equals(Buffer.from('efgh'))); } { const arrayBufferViewStr = 'abcd'; const inputBuffer = Buffer.from(arrayBufferViewStr.repeat(8), 'utf8'); for (const expectView of common.getArrayBufferViews(inputBuffer)) { const out = {}; tls.convertALPNProtocols(expectView, out); assert(out.ALPNProtocols.equals(Buffer.from(expectView))); } } { const protocols = [(new String('a')).repeat(500)]; const out = {}; assert.throws( () => tls.convertALPNProtocols(protocols, out), { code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE', message: 'The byte length of the protocol at index 0 exceeds the'+ 'maximum length. It must be <= 255. Received 500' } ); } assert.throws(() => { tls.createSecureContext({ minVersion: 'fhqwhgads' }); }, { code: 'ERR_TLS_INVALID_PROTOCOL_VERSION', name: 'TypeError' }); assert.throws(() => { tls.createSecureContext({ maxVersion: 'fhqwhgads' }); }, { code: 'ERR_TLS_INVALID_PROTOCOL_VERSION', name: 'TypeError' }); <|endoftext|>Sahil (Registered since May-2018) last updated this job 40 minutes ago via website & 1536 candidates already applied for this job out of 1700 candidates who visited this job so far on Clickindia. Eligibility:- Minimum10th/ 12th passed. Any undergraduate/graduate/post graduate candidate can apply. B.E/xxxx.xxxxx.xxxx candidates can also apply. Skill Set Required:- Good English communication skills are mandatory. Interested candidates can directly contact us. Related searches for "Back Office Executives Jobs in DelhiNcr-93158O4895"<|endoftext|>Q: Google sheets Filter formula for text containing I am unable to make the below filter formula work. Notice that I am trying to refer to the sheet "Data" and filter them into another sheet. I get error saying there were no matches. =FILTER(Data!A3:Data!J, ARRAYFORMULA(REGEXMATCH(Data!J3:Data!J, ".*km.*"))) However, the above formula works when I insert it in the "Data" sheet. Notice that "Data!" is removed as it is in same

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sheet. =FILTER(A3:J, ARRAYFORMULA(REGEXMATCH(J3:J, ".*km.*"))) I tried using the below sets with same results. =FILTER(A3:J, REGEXMATCH(J3:J, ".*km.*")) =FILTER(Data!A3:Data!J, REGEXMATCH(Data!J3:Data!J, ".*km.*")) I have no problems filtering dates, numbers from "Data" sheet into my filtering sheet. It is only with "text contains" condition. Any help to resolve this is appreciated. A: The formula was wrong. I was using the "Data!" twice. The below code works. Phew! Switching between languages (autohotkey, html, javascript, LibreOffice basic) seems to be taking a toll. =FILTER(Data!A3:J, REGEXMATCH(Data!J3:J, ".*km.*")) <|endoftext|>Ким А Ён (, ; род. 6 ноября 1992) — южнокорейская певица и актриса, более известна под сценическим именем Юра (, ). Является участницей южнокорейской женской группы Girl’s Day. Ранние годы и образование Юра родилась 6 ноября 1992 года в Ульсане, Южная Корея. Она училась в Ульсанской высшей школе искусства, специализировавшись на танцах. Юра также поступила в Дондагский Женский Университет вместе с Миной. Карьера В 2010 году Юра стала участницей Girl’s Day, в которой она и Хери заменили бывших участниц (Джин и Джесон, которые были с группой на протяжении двух месяцев). До дебюта, Dream Tea способствовало промоушену с помощью: создания официального фан-кафе, канала на YouTube, а также создания аккаунтов в Twitter для каждой участницы. Кроме того, группа провела флэш-моб танец перед дебютом в коммерческих и развлекательных районах Сеула, тем самым, набрав большую популярность. В 2012 Юра осуществила свой актерский дебют, снявшись в китайской веб-дораме «Секретный Ангел», которая транслировалась по кабельному каналу Sohu TV. Она также выпустила сингл «I Want to Love Now», который исполнила вместе с Jevice. Позже, Юра сыграла второстепенную роль в «Для Тебя во Всем Свету», сыграв поклонницу Ким Тэ Джина. В 2014 Юра снялась в клипе Исона «Night and Day» с C.A.P и Teen Top. Позже она приняла участие в съемках реалити-шоу «Молодожены» вместе с моделью Хон Чжон Хёном. Кроме того, Юра является ведущей на совместном корейско-китайском шоу программы-прослушивания «Super Idol». В 2016 Юра снялась в «Вкусная Дорога», канала MBC вместе с Ким Мин Джуном. Судебные процесс 8 ноября 2010 года экс-управляющая компания Action Music Entertainment подала судебный запрет против Юры, останавливая её от подписания второго контракта с Dram Tea Entertainment. Агентство желало приостановить деятельность всех 4 участниц на неопределенный срок, пока проблема не будет решена. В ответ на это представители Dram Tea заявили, что Action Music нарушили договорные условия: компания не платила за депозитный договор в течение трех недель, при условии достаточной поддержки, обманывали Юру с ложными утверждениями о широковещательной деятельности, и заставляли её покрывать все расходы. Dram Tea также пояснил, что родители Юры завершили все надлежащие процедуры, чтобы прекратить её контракт с Action Music до подписания контракта с Dram Tea. Иск продолжился, когда Action Music сообщило о том, что у них есть видео-доказательство непристойного поведения Юры. 20 января 2011 суд вынес решение в пользу Юры. Дискография Фильмография Телесериалы Развлекательные шоу Появление в видеоклипах Награды и номинации Ссылки Yura в Twitter Yura на Internet Movie Database Yura в HanCinema Музыканты Girl's Day<|endoftext|>Q: ASP.NET MVC Custom Authorization : AuthorizeAttribute I'm following this tutorial link I have a table users {iduser, user, pass, role} I'm using this users : string[] users = db.users.Select(t => t.user).ToArray(); instead of : string[] users = Users.Split(','); Is it ok? My problem is with roles : SiteRoles role = (SiteRoles)httpContext.Session["role"]; Q: Where do I store the role for my user? My simplified account controller: [HttpPost] public ActionResult Login(LoginModel model) { HeliosEntities db = new HeliosEntities(); if (ModelState.IsValid) { bool userok = db.users.Any(t => t.user == model.UserName && t.pass == model.Password); if (userok == true) { FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(model.UserName, model.RememberMe); return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); } { ModelState.AddModelError("", "Incorect password or user!"); } } return View(); } A: A quick look at your link above shows that it is getting the user's role from session: (SiteRoles)httpContext.Session["role"]; so you need to set the session value when the user logs in, for example: var userRole = Roles.Admin | Roles.User; httpContext.Session["role"] = role; I don't know where you store the information about what role the user is in though. <|endoftext|>Our helpful storage experts are just a phone call away. They can answer your questions ranging from what kind of payment plan is right for you, to helping you determine what size storage unit is best for your needs and budget. All major credit cards are accepted, as well as personal check and cash, so making a payment is easy. We have

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Lance Armstrong, road racing cyclist, 7 time (and counting) Tour De France winner, is a Mac user. He has a Mac laptop and chills to music from an iPod when he is training or racing. Lance had an injury earlier this year that required surgery. This is the post operation video interview with him. Lance Armstrong discusses a little about the surgery, and using his Mac (Apple MacBook Pro), Lance shows his medical x-ray photo from the surgery. He only took a few days off. Then back to training for Tour De France. Gotta admire the dedication. Lance is currently racing in the 2009 Tour de France. Tour de France is an extremely challenging annual bicycle race that attracts top competition cyclists from around the world. The race lasts 23 days and covers over 2000 miles through France and bordering countries. Lance also enjoys some of his time relaxing to music from his Apple iPod. What’s on Lance’s Apple iPod? “Times like These” by the Foo Fighters. You can pretty much count on the Foo Fighters to get your heart rate up. He [Lance] has a little bit of Linkin Park on his (Tour) playlist, some of the new Coldplay, some U2 and some things I haven’t heard of, like POD. This entry was posted on Tuesday, July 14th, 2009 at 10:25 pm and is filed under Celebs with Macs. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.<|endoftext|>ANTHONY HAYBLE'S NEW BLOG SITE FOR MOST CURRENT NEWS & CELEBRITY NEWS, GOSIPS AND EVENTS Missing British schoolgirl found in Trinidad as police investigate disappearance Posted byanthonyhayble January 8, 2023 Posted inUncategorized Delika White Lezama A British teenager who went missing while on holiday with her family in Trinidad more than two weeks ago has been found safe and well by police in Trinidad and Tobago. Delika White Lezama,13, of Greenford, London, disappeared while on a trip with her mother and brother to Trinidad to visit their grandmother. The teenager was last seen on a back road after going to a corner shop near her grandmother’s house in Sangre Grande town at around 4 pm on December 17. Speaking from the southern Caribbean island, team captain Vallence Rambharat, who was leading the search with his group Hunters Search and Rescue to locate the teenager, said that she has been located and was being reunited with her family. “Delika White Lezama has been safely located at 5:15 pm this evening. After weeks of hard work by her family, the anti-kidnapping unit of the Trinidad police, the Sangre Grande police officers, and the Hunters Search and Rescue team, it has paid off. She has been found. The matter is still receiving the attention of the [police],” Mr Rambharat said. Delika White Lezama was last seen after visiting a corner shop last month She was last seen on a back road after visiting a corner shop near her grandmother’s house in the town of Sangre Grande at around 4 pm on December 17. Her family desperately began searching for her after realising she hadn’t come home 10 minutes later but were unable to find any trace of the teenager. Since her disappearance, the family has sent several messages to Delika’s phone which had been delivered but appear not to have been read. Her mum said: “The police told me they have some camera footage from the area that she walked, and they’re still waiting for footage of people around the area as well. “The police have searched people’s houses, but we haven’t found her. They’ve searched the rivers and the bushes to see if she’s in the area.” Mr Rambharat, whose organisation searches for missing persons in Trinidad and Tobago, said that they work closely with the local police to share and gather information. “We all worked together on this and we are happy that she was found safe this afternoon,” Mr Rambharat said.”The police investigations are continuing and ongoing.” Trinidad police say that there is not much that can be said right now as they impose a news blackout. A local official said that the matter still has to be fully investigated by the police. “The police need to know what really happened to her and where she was all this time that she was reported missing,” the official said. “They will be speaking to her to find out more.” Published by anthonyhayble I AM A PROFESSIONAL BLOGGER WHO BLOGS ON EVENTS, NEWS AND CELEBRITY ACTIVITIES. YOU WILL GET THE LATEST BLOGGING UPDATES WITH UP TO DATE NEWS AND EVENTS THAT MIGHT INTEREST YOU. COMMENTS AND LIKES ARE ALSO WELCOMED. I AM STILL IN THE PROCESS OF BUILDING AND UPDATING MY BLOGS AND IT WOULD BE UP AND RUNNING SHORTLY. THIS IS STILL A NEW SITE AND WILL GREATLY IMPROVE WITH TIME View more posts Brexit is just one of the three Tory errors that have brought Britain to its knees ‘No role’ for Prince Harry at King Charles’ coronation ANTHONY HAYBLE'S NEW BLOG SITE FOR MOST CURRENT NEWS & CELEBRITY NEWS, GOSIPS AND EVENTS, Blog at WordPress.com.<|endoftext|>Q: Angular 5 - data not binding after redirect I have problem with data binding while I am redirecting from one view to another. I am filling the form data in "http://localhost:4200/create" view and then redirecting to "http://localhost:4200/settle/9ed5509c-ecd6-4895-96eb-a2efa04bae6d" (url with token). Nothing is binded correctly after redirection (no binding made at all) but I click refresh (ctrl+r on chrome) then biding is made properly. create.component.ts onSubmit() { this.model.token = UUID.UUID(); this.settleService .addSettle(this.model) .subscribe(settle => this.settles.push(settle)); this.router .navigate([`settle`, this.model.token]) .then(() => console.log(`Redirection to settle details made!`)); this.submitted = true; } settle.component.ts - ngOnInit() method ngOnInit() { this.getSettle(); this.currentUrl = window.location.href; this.show = false; } settle.component.ts - getSettle() method getSettle(): void { const token = this.route.snapshot.paramMap.get('id'); this.settleService .getSettle(token) .subscribe(settle => this.settle = settle, null, () => this.BindEditUrl()); } A: Ok I figure it out. Mistake was simple - redirection was made before getting response from backend (HTTP POST create settle). I put redirect logic after backend response and everything works now. Working code: create.component.ts - onSubmit() method onSubmit() { this.model.token = UUID.UUID(); this.settleService .addSettle(this.model) .subscribe(settle => this.settles.push(settle), null, () => this.redirectToSettleDetails()); this.submitted = true; } create.component.ts - redirectToSettleDetails() method redirectToSettleDetails(): void { this.router .navigate([`settle`, this.model.token]) .then(() => console.log(`Redirection to settle details made!`)); } <|endoftext|>It searches the Tweets of Twitter around Dhartak Damdam, Lahaul And Spiti, Himachal Pradesh 30km. Riding Solo is for the travel enthusiasts to take away all of their travelling headaches and help them in meeting their true selves. A fascinating landscape view is waiting you..! Some fun on the road to Kaza in March 2019. Tabo. Himachal Pradesh. INDIA. The Spiti flowing along the road to Kaza from Tabo. March 2019. Himachal Pradesh. India.<|endoftext|>Want it by Wednesday 24th April? Order within 7 hours, 16 minutes and choose Special Delivery at checkout. A highly polished 10mm 14 carat rose gold plated stainless steel gem top which won't tarnish and is hard-wearing. It has a sparkling, faceted purple amethyst coloured Swarovski Crystal and can be added to any QUDO ring base to make a beautiful, statement ring.<|endoftext|>Q: can't connect to database by executable file i wrote a program that need to connect to database to insert some data, my executable file not connect to database but when i checked with code connection established! i don't know what is problem, do you know what is problem? i use Qt to connect to database and my database is on mySql and here is how

redpajama

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i connect : soccer_db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QMYSQL", "sss"); soccer_db.setHostName(addrrFile.c_str()); soccer_db.setDatabaseName("sss"); soccer_db.open(); if (!soccer_db.open()){ emit dsignal("ssss not opened. Ckech whether server is down or change config file"); return false; } A: You are getting a failure because you try to open the database twice. The first attempt succeeds but the second one fails. Remove the first call to open, like this soccer_db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QMYSQL", "sss"); soccer_db.setHostName(addrrFile.c_str()); soccer_db.setDatabaseName("sss"); if (!soccer_db.open()){ emit dsignal("ssss not opened. Ckech whether server is down or change config file"); return false; } A: i want to answer my question, in qt you should address your files completely not relative address, if you need to address completely you can give current directory by QtDir <|endoftext|>import sys from telemetry.core import util from telemetry import decorators from telemetry.internal.browser import browser_finder from telemetry.internal.browser import browser_finder_exceptions from telemetry.internal.browser import browser_options from telemetry.internal.platform import device_finder from telemetry.internal.util import command_line from telemetry.testing import browser_test_case from telemetry.testing import options_for_unittests util.AddDirToPythonPath(util.GetTelemetryThirdPartyDir(), 'typ') import typ class RunTestsCommand(command_line.OptparseCommand): """Run unit tests""" usage = '[test_name...] [<options>]' def __init__(self): super(RunTestsCommand, self).__init__() self.stream = sys.stdout @classmethod def CreateParser(cls): options = browser_options.BrowserFinderOptions() options.browser_type = 'any' parser = options.CreateParser('%%prog %s' % cls.usage) return parser @classmethod def AddCommandLineArgs(cls, parser, _): parser.add_option('--repeat-count', type='int', default=1, help='Repeats each a provided number of times.') parser.add_option('-d', '--also-run-disabled-tests', dest='run_disabled_tests', action='store_true', default=False, help='Ignore @Disabled and @Enabled restrictions.') parser.add_option('--exact-test-filter', action='store_true', default=False, help='Treat test filter as exact matches (default is ' 'substring matches).') typ.ArgumentParser.add_option_group(parser, "Options for running the tests", running=True, skip=['-d', '-v', '--verbose']) typ.ArgumentParser.add_option_group(parser, "Options for reporting the results", reporting=True) @classmethod def ProcessCommandLineArgs(cls, parser, args, _): # We retry failures by default unless we're running a list of tests # explicitly. if not args.retry_limit and not args.positional_args: args.retry_limit = 3 try: possible_browser = browser_finder.FindBrowser(args) except browser_finder_exceptions.BrowserFinderException, ex: parser.error(ex) if not possible_browser: parser.error('No browser found of type %s. Cannot run tests.\n' 'Re-run with --browser=list to see ' 'available browser types.' % args.browser_type) @classmethod def main(cls, args=None, stream=None): # pylint: disable=W0221 # We override the superclass so that we can hook in the'stream' arg. parser = cls.CreateParser() cls.AddCommandLineArgs(parser, None) options, positional_args = parser.parse_args(args) options.positional_args = positional_args cls.ProcessCommandLineArgs(parser, options, None) obj = cls() if stream is not None: obj.stream = stream return obj.Run(options) def Run(self, args): possible_browser = browser_finder.FindBrowser(args) runner = typ.Runner() if self.stream: runner.host.stdout = self.stream # Telemetry seems to overload the system if we run one test per core, # so we scale things back a fair amount. Many of the telemetry tests # are long-running, so there's a limit to how much parallelism we # can effectively use for now anyway. # # It should be possible to handle multiple devices if we adjust the # browser_finder code properly, but for now we only handle one on ChromeOS. if possible_browser.platform.GetOSName() == 'chromeos': runner.args.jobs = 1 elif possible_browser.platform.GetOSName() == 'android': runner.args.jobs = len(device_finder.GetDevicesMatchingOptions(args)) print 'Running tests with %d Android device(s).' % runner.args.jobs elif possible_browser.platform.GetOSVersionName() == 'xp': # For an undiagnosed reason, XP falls over with more parallelism. # See crbug.com/388256 runner.args.jobs = max(int(args.jobs) // 4, 1) else: runner.args.jobs = max(int(args.jobs) // 2, 1) runner.args.metadata = args.metadata runner.args.passthrough = args.passthrough runner.args.path = args.path runner.args.retry_limit = args.retry_limit runner.args.test_results_server = args.test_results_server runner.args.test_type = args.test_type # Always print out test's timing info. runner.args.timing = True runner.args.top_level_dir = args.top_level_dir runner.args.verbose = args.verbosity runner.args.write_full_results_to = args.write_full_results_to runner.args.write_trace_to = args.write_trace_to runner.args.path.append(util.GetUnittestDataDir()) runner.classifier = GetClassifier(args, possible_browser) runner.context = args runner.setup_fn = _SetUpProcess runner.teardown_fn = _TearDownProcess runner.win_multiprocessing = typ.WinMultiprocessing.importable try: ret, _, _ = runner.run() except KeyboardInterrupt: print >> sys.stderr, "interrupted, exiting" ret = 130 return ret def GetClassifier(args, possible_browser): def ClassifyTest(test_set, test): name = test.id() if (not args.positional_args or _MatchesSelectedTest(name, args.positional_args, args.exact_test_filter)): assert hasattr(test, '_testMethodName') method = getattr(test, test._testMethodName) # pylint: disable=W0212 should_skip, reason = decorators.ShouldSkip(method, possible_browser) if should_skip and not args.run_disabled_tests: test_set.tests_to_skip.append(typ.TestInput(name, msg=reason)) elif decorators.ShouldBeIsolated(method, possible_browser): test_set.isolated_tests.append(typ.TestInput(name)) else: test_set.parallel_tests.append(typ.TestInput(name)) return ClassifyTest def _MatchesSelectedTest(name, selected_tests, selected_tests_are_exact): if not selected_tests: return False if selected_tests_are_exact: return any(name in selected

redpajama

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_tests) else: return any(test in name for test in selected_tests) def _SetUpProcess(child, context): # pylint: disable=W0613 args = context if args.device and args.device == 'android': android_devices = device_finder.GetDevicesMatchingOptions(args) args.device = android_devices[child.worker_num-1].guid options_for_unittests.Push(args) def _TearDownProcess(child, context): # pylint: disable=W0613 browser_test_case.teardown_browser() options_for_unittests.Pop() if __name__ == '__main__': ret_code = RunTestsCommand.main() sys.exit(ret_code) <|endoftext|>Galéria is een gemeente in het Franse departement Haute-Corse (regio Corsica) en telt 325 inwoners (2005). De plaats maakt deel uit van het arrondissement Calvi. Geografie De oppervlakte van Galéria bedraagt 152,5 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 2,1 inwoners per km². Demografie Onderstaande figuur toont het verloop van het inwonertal (bron: INSEE-tellingen). Gemeente in Haute-Corse<|endoftext|>Technology has made a big impact on our lives as humans over the past forty years. But now electronics are becoming more powerful and portable. Every single person travels with their phone or other favorite electronics on them, but what do you do when you see that terrible low battery signal and you are nowhere near a power outlet to charge? You could be lost in the middle of the woods and need a source of power to charge your device, and this is where the portable solar charger comes in. These types of chargers convert energy from the sun to charge the devices that are connected to it. They are great accessories to have in your camping or emergency gear as you will always have the sun to provide you with energy and ensure your devices have power. This buying guide of portable solar chargers has been put together to show you the best researched and reviewed portable solar chargers to keep your devices charged through the power of the sun. A portable solar charger to keep your eye on is the SunJack Solar Charger. We love this addition because it is highly rated, compact, and charges devices quickly. The Arc 20 from Voltaic Systems is the embodiment of what all solar chargers aspire to be. It offers you fast charging, a waterproof exterior, and compatibility for any device you can think of. With 20 watts of power, the V72 battery that is included can charge most laptops in 6.5 hours and around one hour for smartphones (under direct sunlight). The Arc 20 is designed to charge thousands of USB devices. Past the fact that it weighs only 3.25 pounds, you have a few carrying options. You can either choose to stash it inside of a pack or mount it on a backpack or bicycle with the sturdy metal grommets. Utilizing ETFE coating, you are promised folding panels that are waterproof, UV, and scratch-resistant. With this type of coating, you can expect it to last around three times longer than the average weather coating. There are no further seller options available; you only have the option for a 20-watt solar charger. For convenience, included with this panel is a USB-backup battery. So, even when the sun is not shining at all, you have a source of power as this battery will store its solar energy. It is difficult to ask for much further than Voltaic Systems provides here. Outside of a minor issue with the LED lighting, as it does not properly signify how much power your device has, everything is as close to perfection as you can get. Many of the same brilliant features from the last entry are also present with the solar charger from Wildtek. While they may exaggerate a bit on the maximum watt capacity, even though most manufacturers do, its waterproofness and compactness are superb. With the latest high-efficiency solar cells from SunPower, these panels are two times more efficient than many competitors. Also, the SmartCharge technology that is integrated will detect the USB-powered device and provide an appropriate charge. Whether you choose to use the carabiners to strap the panel to your backpack or not, either way, this solar charger is extremely lightweight and easily packable. It does not matter which conditions you plan on using this solar charger for, as long as the sun is visible, as it is constructed to be both waterproof and dustproof. Even the USB-port, when it is closed with the included silicone tab, manage to be waterproof. Again, there are no further options available; only the 21-watt version of the solar charger. Wildtek backs this solar charger with a full, two-year warranty. Past this, there is also a built-in stand that allows the panels to have superior access to the energy from the sun. Everything you could ever ask for, again, is present here. Although solar power is vitally important, arguably the best design feature here is the full waterproof construction. No need for rain and snow to affect your trip. Slow and steady sometimes does win the race and this solar charger exemplifies that perfectly. While it can be a little slow acting, it does a fantastic job od not only charging your devices but also protecting them against surges. The panel features dual-USB ports with iSolar Technology and also 18V DC output. This means you can charge 5V-powered gadgets and laptops alike. With 80-watts of power and a 22 percent efficiency rate, it will deliver the juice you need. This exact same power output is 1/3 lighter than solar silicon. In addition to this, there are eyeholes that allow you to attach the solar charger to a backpack or other bag. For outdoor use, the exterior is equipped with a dustproof, anti-shock, and water-resistant construction. But, these solar panels will also protect your connected devices from short circuits and surges. Depending on the price, you can either select a 5, 7.5, 10, or an 80-watt version of the same charger. Besides the solar charger itself, this also comes with carabiners, USB cables, a DC cable, an instruction manual, a clip line, and a cigarette lighter plug. The addition of multiple wattage sizes is a nice touch, as those looking to save money can sport for less. However, truly noteworthy here is the superb protection and rugged construction. Rest assured, both the panels and your device will be safe. It did not take too long for Voltaic Systems to make another appearance on this list and their Amp Charger, while not quite as good as the last, is more than capable in its own right. With its wide range of compatibility, this bad boy will charge thousands of devices. But, as long as you are under good sunlight, it also succeeds in charging devices with a total peak of 4.4-watts at 6 to 12 volts. With a weight of just over one pound, this will easily fit inside any bag you stuff it into. This could include dry bags, backpacks, duffle bags or any other travel bags. To withstand abuse from the most rugged of environments, the folding panels are coated with a self-healing urethane to provide a scratch-resistant, UV-resistant, and waterproof construction. For the first time, there are actually different selections of colors. You can choose from charcoal, silver and orange. In times when the sun is not shining, which is likely to happen at some point, there is an included V15 battery that will store solar power. This way, you still have a means to charge your devices. The solar panels themselves do not offer an immense amount of wattage, but the backup battery can be used for additional power. Plus, its rugged craftsmanship makes it ideal for any occasion you can imagine. The RavPower 16W Solar Phone Charger is a great, moderately-priced option for those looking for a charger that will do the trick on those long nature hikes. With its solar power technology, this case delivers ultra-efficient solar cells (over 20 percent) to power your phone when it has access to direct sunlight. At just 15 ounces, the RavPower 16W is lightweight especially for a three-panel design. While not the lightest on our list, it's definitely up there with the lightest. For its size that's especially impressive. While there are some more durable chargers on the list, the RavPower 16W scores moderately. Most reviewers don't see any damage on normal use but also noted that the panels didn't seem quite as integrated as other options on the list. While there are some drawbacks to this option, there is plenty to like. The fast charge, compact and portable design, and ease of use is something that many outdoors people enjoy when wanting to charge their devices. The SunJack Solar Charger is a great option for those looking for a sturdy and durable solar charger to take out into the wilderness. It will help to keep your devices charged while on the go and won't leave you stranded. Being built with SunPower solar cells, this is able to achieve an efficiency percentage of 22

redpajama

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to 25. To achieve the maximum amount of power it can, which is 40-watts, it can automatically adjust the current voltage. While it can be a little bulky, the panels can be folded down and fit snugly in any pack. But, if you wish to attach it, the eyeholes allow you to do that. For your protection, more specifically for your devices, this solar panel is certified by the FCC, RoHS and CE. In addition, it has surge protection and short circuit technology to prevent your devices from potential electrical failures. There are additional seller options, but they are all different from this version. Bulkiness aside, this solar panel would make a terrific addition to your arsenal of technology. Its solar technology, safety features, and foldable design truly do speak for themselves. If nothing else, YOLK will turn some heads thanks to the way they designed their Paper-Thin Solar Panel Charger. With the panels having magnets, you can snap together as many as you wish. Each has a specific amount of wattage and snapping more together gives you more power. Utilizing the most efficient solar panels in the world, YOLK manages to get around 23.7 percent efficiency from their panels. But, with the power of magnets, you can connect together as many as you wish for more wattage. As the panels are held together by magnets, you can disconnect them at will. Plus, there are holes that can be used as connectors when traveling. This solar charger has a water-resistance rating of IP54 and also is crafted to provide protection against dust. However, the USB-port can be susceptible to corrosion if any water gets inside. As each panel has 2.5-watts of power, you have a few choices at your disposal. You can either select one, two or three panels (going from 5 to 7.5 to 10). For your convenience, there is an LCD screen that displays the current power reading of your connected device and how much current is flowing through it. The best way to describe this solar charger is it is the daisy chain of solar chargers. Because you can keep on connecting solar panels, you can achieve as much wattage as you wish. Compared to the rest, you may not see anything new and innovative here. But, what you will see is pure-quality and a solar charger that anyone should be proud to own and use. With dual-USB ports, the Anker Solar Charger can charge two devices simultaneously. Sporting 21-watts of power and an efficiency rate that ranges from 21.5 to 23.5 percent, you can rest assured that it succeeds where it matters the most. Besides the fact that it is highly-portable in its own right, with a foldable design, it features stainless-steel eye-holes that allow for easy attachment to backpacks and other objects. Anker ensures that the solar panel itself and your devices will both be perfectly safe and secure. For the panel, it is crafted from an industrial-strength PET polymer with weather-resistant properties. Meanwhile, short circuit and surge protection technology protect your electronic devices. What you see is what you get here, but there is certainly nothing wrong with that. Included with the solar power charger is an 18-month warranty, a micro-USB cable and a welcome guide. When you have access to direct sunlight, it is hard to beat this solar panel. However, as soon as cloud cover arises the unit will power down. But, as you have already seen, this is more than worth an investment. When this solar panel works, it is glorious. However, cloud cover can be an issue. Yes, they can still operate under cloud cover but this particular model will not very well. Again, on sunny days, this does exactly what it was designed to perform. Instapark integrates dual-USB ports and 100 percent green energy to provide you with its charging capabilities. But, even when opaque clouds begin to roll in, this will discharge and stop working efficiently. As this has a foldable design and can be packed away snugly, it will easily fit inside any travel bag that you have. To paint a picture, it folds up to the size of a hardcover book. The panels will hold up well to moderate water, but it can’t be promised that it will survive under heavy rainfall. In addition, with the USB ports exposed, water can damage and corrode them. The lone seller option only has 10-watts of power and there are no additional options for either capacity or colors. Most notable here is the fact that Instapark backs this up with their one-year warranty. In the instance where you feel this is not as great as advertised, or you receive a defected solar panel, you can contact the seller. Sure, this does not quite hold up to the other solar chargers on this list. But, it made the list and that says something by itself. On cloudy days, this may provide serious aggravation for you, but on those luxurious sunny days, this should satisfy your needs. A very wide compatibility capability with regards to using environmentally kind green energy for charging up all types of devices. The attachment for transferring the charge is via a micro-sized USB cabling which works with the majority of Android operated devices. You can charge the majority of other phones, Ipads, iPhones, iPods etc and a full range of brand names phones. If you have a none standard device you can obtain a charging cable to work with it. This outdoor solar charger is good for hiking, exploring, camping, outward bound activities, wherever you are, if you want to create green energy this is the way to do it. The smart tech charging system gives a very good performance, when you plug in a device it is automatically detected and given the fastest charge-up speed while the panels remain under direct sunlight. Sunpower transformation is very efficient at around 21.5% - 23.5%, this means charge-up time is halved compared to many other traditional panels. High tech designed in Chip & Ammeter, the Solar Charger system is Big Blue 28W which reads out the number of amps and the internal chip which ensures a stable consistent charge. This is very easy to carry and can easily be folded and stashed away in a holdall or backpack. This means you can take it anywhere without any difficulty. If you want to use it to charge your phone while on the move, you can use the provided straps to string the panels down your back and connected to your phone to keep it charged. Constructed with a durable Polymer material which ensures the charger is weatherproof against light rain, fog or damp mist, the key construction material is industrial grade (PET) Polymer Fabric which comes with a full 24-month guarantee. The solar charger is compatible with iPad, iPhones, iPods, Andriod operated phones from Samsung Sony, Nexus and comes with a micro USB cable (1x). Compatible with all USB devices which can run with a 5volt input. Generally, by obtaining an extra cable, this will charge all phones/devices. This system opens the door to being able to use green energy with minimal environmental impact, through using this we all play our part in being environmentally friendly. When discussing solar panels, the conversation should always start here. The power they produce and the efficiency at which they do it is important, but compatibility also comes into play. One of the first specifications you will notice in solar panels is the wattage that they are capable of producing. Obviously, the higher the number the more power it can handle. However, for whatever reason, it seems to be a universal ploy for manufacturers to exaggerate the actual wattage capacity their panels have. If you find that the solar panel you invest in is not performing at the power it was advertised as it does not become defective and many others have the same issue. The efficiency, which usually ranges in the 20’s (in terms of percent), refers to the amount of energy that the panels can convert from the sun. Again, the higher the rate, the more efficient the panels will operate. But, also take a special note to solar chargers that can work under moderate sunlight. Some will be inoperable when the slightest cloud covers a portion of the sun. Finally, there is the factor of computability. Check for USB ports and DC outputs for thousands of devices including smartphones, tablets, laptops, batteries, etc. Given that this guide is for portable solar chargers, which most are anyway, portability does come to the forefront. For this section, it all comes down to the chargers’ compactness and carrying options. As solar panels can convert energy from the sun anywhere, chances are you will utilize this convenient technology on the go. As such, if you plan on storing it in your backpack or travel bag you do not want it to be too heavy or bulky. Solar panels that fold up, or even ones that can come apart, are a nice addition as you can pack them tightly. But, perhaps even more important than this is integrating either carabiners or eyeholes to allow you to mount the solar charger on your backpack. This is so important because you may want to charge your device without feeling the need to stop. For example, with it mounted on your back and indirect access to the sunlight you can charge your smartphone while you are hiking or walking. Of course, this is also where the issue of cloudiness can come back to the forefront. With any type of technology that is designed to flow voltage into electronic devices, safety will always be important. However, because these types of chargers will be used outdoors manufacturers also should add durability and protection to the solar panels themselves

redpajama

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Q: Brightcove CMS API Search Sort parameter not working When querying brightcove the result set is not sorted by the field specified in the sort parameter If I place the sort parameter as the first parameter the results are sorted but the Q parameter seems to be ignored because the results do not match what was requested. The ouput of the query from the console window: /videos?q=tags:wood,boat+-name:%22Repairing%20Wood%20Boats%22&limit=7&offset=0&sort=-created_at My query from as it exists in javascript: var endPoint = encodeURI('?q=tags:' + tagQuery + '+-name:"' + videoName + '"&limit=7&sort=-created_at'); <|endoftext|><?php set_include_path(get_include_path(). PATH_SEPARATOR. __DIR__); F::IncludeFile('../abstract/LsObject.class.php'); F::IncludeFile('Router.class.php'); /** * Application class of CMS * * @package engine * @since 1.1 */ class Application extends LsObject { static protected $oInstance; protected $aParams = array(); public function __construct() { } public function __destruct() { $this->Done(); } /** * @return Application */ static public function getInstance() { if (empty(static::$oInstance)) { static::$oInstance = new static(); } return static::$oInstance; } /** * @param array $aParams * * @return Application */ static public function Create($aParams = array()) { $oApp = static::getInstance(); $oApp->Init($aParams); return $oApp; } /** * Init application * * @param array $aParams */ public function Init($aParams = array()) { $this->aParams = $aParams; if (!defined('DEBUG')) { define('DEBUG', 0); } if (isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']) && isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) && $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] == $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) { // для предотвращения зацикливания и ошибки 404 $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = '/'; } if (is_file('./install/index.php') &&!defined('ALTO_INSTALL') && (!isset($_SERVER['HTTP_APP_ENV']) || $_SERVER['HTTP_APP_ENV']!= 'test')) { if (isset($_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'])) { $sUrl = trim($_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'], '/'); } else { $sUrl = ''; } if ($sUrl && $sUrl!= 'install' && substr($sUrl, -7) == 'install') { // Cyclic redirection to.../install/ die('URL /'. $sUrl. '/ doesn\'t work on your site. Alto CMS v.'. ALTO_VERSION.'not installed yet'); } // Try to redirect to.../install/ F::HttpLocation('install/', true); exit; } } /** * Executes application */ public function Exec() { R::getInstance()->Exec(); } /** * @return array */ public function GetParams() { return $this->aParams; } /** * Done application */ public function Done() { } } // EOF<|endoftext|>Shylock är en central rollfigur i Shakespeares Köpmannen i Venedig. Han är judisk köpman. I pjäsen framställs han som grymt hänsynslös, men han ges också bitterhet över hur judar i allmänhet blir behandlade och betraktade. Olika rollgestaltningar Kända rollgestaltningar av Shylock har bland annat gjorts av: Richard Burbage 1500-talet Will Kempe 1500-talet Charles Macklin 1741 Edmund Kean 1814 William Charles Macready 1840 Edwin Booth 1861 Henry Irving 1880 Laurence Olivier 1973 (TV) Al Pacino 2004 (Film) Referenser Figurer i William Shakespeares verk<|endoftext|>If your website can’t be seen by a prospect when they search for your products or services then you’ve lost that piece of business. Checking where your website appears in searches is checking its rank. Unfortunately monitoring your sites’ ‘ranking’ for target search terms is problematic at best. Google ‘remembers’ your personal search history and uses this in its website ranking but just for you (Google Personalised Search), so checking your own site’s rank can distort what you see compared to others (and in particular your clients). Some commercial rank checking tools can extract Google Keyword Planner data so you can assess what likely number of searches your site is appearing in. Google WebMasters Tools also provides a version of this information as ‘Search Queries’. Its important to understand which pages are being shown in search results as these are more likely to be the first client contact with your website. Also be cautious about editing a page that is already attracting searches for fear of compromising it. Remove it at your own sales peril, or at least add a 301 redirect to another suitable page. Often your home page will be the page found in search results, but an SEO ‘healthy site’ will successfully rank other pages as well. The page that visitors enter your site on is referred to as the Landing Page. Where can I rank? Depending on the number of searches, ranking positions of less than 20 will still attract visitors, but as the number of searches reduces off it becomes more important to be ranked with the top 5 results. This is also the issue with mobile searches where searchers are unlikely to use more than just the first few results. Another important ranking factor is the presence of a Google Maps/Places/Plus as this will often displace all but the first few ranking sites off of the first page.<|endoftext|>Despite declining consumer confidence and the ever-looming threat of the supposed “retail apocalypse”, luxury brands seem to be doing better than ever. In fact, according to the Bain Luxury Study, the global luxury market grew 5% to €1.2 trillion in 2017. However, retail as a whole is changing rapidly, and for luxury brands to thrive, they will inevitably have to adapt to this evolving market in order to stay at the top of the ladder. It can be hard to know where to start - as we know, luxury retail is a very different beast to other parts of the sector, with its own high set of standards. That’s why we’ve come up with our top three recommendations for how luxury brands can maintain their prestige and keep their customers happy. All we ever seem to hear about these days is the importance of an online brand presence. Retail can no longer exist in a purely brick and mortar world, and that is certainly not a bad thing. Of course, at YOOBIC we believe that brick and mortar retail is far from over, and that includes the luxury goods sector. The very nature of luxury retail lends itself to physical retail over online. When someone invests their hard-earned cash in a high-end product, they are not just buying that item. They’re buying a lifestyle, a sense of exclusivity, a promise of quality and value. This means that customers want the chance to examine, touch and try on products before they buy - a necessity that comes with the price tag, naturally. Even tech-savvy millennials are still invested in brick and mortar, with Deloitte’s research concluding that 43% of American millennials still prefer to buy luxury goods in-store. However, this does not mean that retailers can afford to be complacent. Today’s consumers are more demanding than they have ever been, and the prestige of a luxury label alone can no longer guarantee success. So how can brands become masters of reinvention in a sector that is so steeped in heritage and tradition? The key is investing in experiential retail. The fact is, consumers just aren’t as willing to spend their Saturday afternoons in shopping malls any more. To get people to spend their precious leisure time shopping, then, retailers have to offer them something they can’t get online - a unique experience. We’re living in an age of limitless choice, and interaction with a brand outside the usual customer/vendor relationship can help forge that elusive brand loyalty. A lot of retailers are already transforming their stores to place more emphasis on customer experience and less on selling. Some are even investing in spaces that are not for selling anything at all! Take for example Coach’s Life Coach pop-up, designed to ‘lead guests on a journey of self-discovery’, or Dolce and Gabbana

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’s cultural hub, which serves as a hang-out spot and events venue. Providing a space for customers with no products in it might seem counterproductive, but in fact, this new “brandship” store concept, focusing on brand identity rather than sales, is exactly what’s needed in luxury retail. Luxury shoppers expect stores to go above and beyond for their customers, and creating a brand experience with no pressure to actually buy anything can be a way to fulfil this expectation. After all, luxury is not just what you buy, or even how much it costs; it’s all part of a carefully cultivated lifestyle. The group that seems to respond best to the experiential model is, incidentally, one of the main demographics that luxury retailers should now be turning their attention to: millennials. Numerous studies trying to crack the code of what young people want have found that millennials are much more motivated by experiences than they are by products alone. This may be partially due to a shift towards more conscious consumerism, and partially due to a more precarious economic situation. Either way, “frivolous” spending appears to be becoming a thing of the past. However, this certainly does not mean that millennials aren’t buying luxury products. Older millennials are now starting to become HENRYs (High Earners, Not Rich Yet), a prime target for luxury retailers. And even amongst those who strive to be more ethical shoppers, quality will always be a huge factor. Many millennials value a minimalistic approach to consumerism, which actually meshes well with the quality-over-quantity ethos of luxury retail. To capture the attention of millennials, it’s essential to understand what luxury means to them, a definition which has shifted in recent years. As well as a greater emphasis on ethical shopping and sustainability, younger consumers are increasingly concerned with supporting brands that align with their values and identity. This is most prominently seen in their dedication to diversity and inclusion. Rihanna’s Fenty Beauty line, with its tagline ‘Beauty For All’, was applauded by young people for its vast range of foundation shades, and has caused many other brands to follow suit. Chanel’s new male makeup line, Boy de Chanel (whilst decidedly more of a niche market) has had similar praise. On the flip side, Victoria’s Secret recently faced a backlash after marketing director Ed Razek stated that they wouldn’t hire plus size or transgender models for its famous fashion show. On a more individual level, millennials are also drawn to personalisation, with high value placed on self-expression and the cultivation of a strong identity. 21% of millennials use words like “personalised” and “fun” to describe luxury, and they will actively seek out brands who can provide this sense of uniqueness. The really smart brands will also be focusing on laying the groundwork with younger millennials, and even Gen Z. The youngest generation may not be able to afford luxury items for many years yet, but forging a presence in their consciousness will stand brands in good stead for the future, providing an aspirational goal for young consumers. By far the most vital demographic for luxury retailers right now, though, is tourists - and more specifically, wealthy Chinese tourists. In 2017, Chinese travellers spent a whopping $274 billion abroad, and contribute to 21% of tourism spending globally. In fact, according to Vogue Business, Chinese consumers are set to make up 46% of all personal luxury goods purchases by 2025. In other words, the future of luxury is firmly in the hands of wealthy Chinese shoppers, a significant number of whom purchase their goods abroad. A growing number of these consumers are what are called “Free Independent Travellers”, who are often digitally-savvy young women - in other words, prime candidates for luxury shopping. Many luxury brands such as Gucci, Dior and Burberry are already seeing the value of catering expressly to this key demographic. The Lunar New Year was celebrated earlier this week, an occasion marked by special Year of the Pig campaigns from these and several other brands, which will undoubtedly help cement their reputation in China. The main way to draw in Chinese tourists, though, will be accommodating to their needs no matter where they are - for example, by providing the option to pay via WeChat. If you haven’t already heard of it, WeChat is a messaging, social media and mobile payment app with over 1 billion users. In other words, it’s a big deal - and stores that offer it as a payment option will inevitably be favoured by its users. Now the question is, how can luxury retailers act on this advice? The answer is, of course, in-store execution. A new experiential store concept only works if the visual merchandiser’s vision has been properly implemented. Millennials will only shop in-store if it offers something more enticing than just ordering online. And affluent Chinese tourists will be more likely to spend if they are being properly taken care of in stores. Luxury brands that truly live up to their name will be able to provide their customers with all of this and more. Want to give your customers a luxury experience they’ll never forget? Find out how the YOOBIC solution can help you achieve it here.<|endoftext|>No details are spared on this charcoal heather short sleeve t-shirt. The full back oval design incorporates the NFR shield logo, accenting shapes and text around the main focus: National Finals Rodeo spelled out. The front left chest features coordinating artwork.<|endoftext|>Derry City football club are set to rename their stadium after the late Derry City captain Ryan McBride. McBride died suddenly in his home in March of last year at the age of 27, just a day after captaining the Candystripes to a 4-0 win over Drogheda United, and councillors have now voted to rechristen the ground the 'Ryan McBride Brandywell Stadium'. A public consultation that took place on the name change which started in April and closed on the 1st of July, and an overwhelming majority voted to rename the ground, with 71% in favour. The council received 6,500 valid votes during the process. The proposal must now be go to the Full Council where it will be discussed at the end of the month.<|endoftext|>Tarpon Trophy Slide Relic Finish. Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation insignia is featured on reverse side, with "Save Our Seas" and nautical design on top and bottom. Tarpon Trophy Slide Relic Finish. Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation insignia is featured on reverse side, with "Save Our Seas" and nautical design on top and bottom. Trophy Slides are 13mm wide, 14mm high, and 9mm deep. Hole opening is 6mm x 9mm.<|endoftext|>Kid Rock (справжнє ім'я: Роберт Джеймс Рітчі) (народився 17 січня 1971 року в місті Ромео, штаті Мічиган) — американський співак, музикант, композитор, актор, відомий під псевдонімом Kid Rock (Кід Рок), який досяг широкої популярності наприкінці 90-х, початку 2000-х років. Після чотирьох невдалих релізів, 1998 року Кід Рок «підірвав» хіт-паради Америки випуском альбому «Devil Without a Cause», який був розпроданий 11-мільйонним тиражем. Був п'ять разів номінований на премію Греммі. Всього в штатах було розпроданно близько 22 мільйонів копій його альбомів. Відомий також своїм скандальним світським життям і шлюбом з Памелою Андерсон. Наразі є одним з найвідоміших виконавців у стилі реп-метал. Дискографія Альбоми 1990: Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast 1993: The Polyfuze Method 1996: Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp 1998: Devil Without a Cause 2000: The History of Rock 2001: Cocky 2003: Kid Rock 2006: Live Trucker 2007: Rock n Roll Jesus 2010: Born Free 2012: Rebel Soul 2015: First Kiss Сингли Примітки Посилання Офіційний сайт Фан-сайт співака Реп-метал Рок-музиканти США Лібертаріанці США Музиканти, відомі під псевдонімами Ак

redpajama

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Step 1: Cut the cabbage in half lengthwise (from stem to top), discarding any blemished leaves on the outside. Step 2: Melt 1 tablespoon butter in a skillet. Add the chorizo, onion, jalapeños, and cilantro and cook over medium-high heat until the sausage and onion are browned, 5 to 8 minutes, using a wooden spoon to break up any large chunks of sausage. Drain the mixture in a strainer over a bowl. Paint the top and outside of the cabbage halves with the sausage fat, discarding any excess. Place the sausage mixture in the bowl and let cool to room temperature, then stir in the cheese. Mound this mixture atop the cabbage halves and top each with 2 tablespoons butter. The cabbage can be prepared several hours ahead to this stage and refrigerated. Step 4: Smoke the cabbage until browned on the outside and very tender, 3 to 4 hours. Use a slender metal skewer to test for doneness: it should pierce the cabbage easily. Transfer the cabbage to a platter and show it off, then cut each in half lengthwise for serving. Dig in.<|endoftext|>import { expect } from 'chai'; import validator from '../../lib'; describe('Length validator', () => { const rules = { name: ['length:5'] }; context('when the given input is a number', () => { context('and it does not have length of 5', () => { it('should not pass the validation', () => { const result = validator.validate(rules, {name: 1234}); const err = result.messages; expect(result.success).to.equal(false); expect(err).to.have.property('name'); expect(err.name['length:$1']).to.equal('Name must have length of 5 character(s).'); }); }); context('and it has length of 5', () => { it('should pass the validation', () => { const result = validator.validate(rules, {name: 12345}); const err = result.messages; expect(result.success).to.equal(true); expect(err).to.not.have.property('name'); }); }); }); context('when the given input is a string', () => { context('and it does not have length of 5', () => { it('should not pass the validation', () => { const result = validator.validate(rules, {name: 'heyh'}); const err = result.messages; expect(result.success).to.equal(false); expect(err).to.have.property('name'); expect(err.name['length:$1']).to.equal('Name must have length of 5 character(s).'); }); }); context('and it has length of 5', () => { it('should pass the validation', () => { const result = validator.validate(rules, {name: 'yowut'}); const err = result.messages; expect(result.success).to.equal(true); expect(err).to.not.have.property('name'); }); }); }); }); <|endoftext|>Q: Move footnote in Pages 09? Is it possible to move all of my footnotes to the end of my document in Pages '09? I want to have a reference at the end of my document, like a bibliography. A: Yes, it is possible to convert footnotes to endnotes, but you cannot have endnotes and footnotes in the same document. From the Pages '09 Help: Converting Footnotes to Endnotes and Vice Versa In a word processing document, you can change all the footnotes in a document into endnotes, or all the endnotes into footnotes. You can also convert all document endnotes to section endnotes and vice versa. However, you can’t mix endnotes and footnotes in the same document. To convert footnotes to endnotes and vice versa: In the Document pane of the Document inspector, change the setting in the Footnotes & Endnotes pop-up menu <|endoftext|>Steven's Trucking Inc is a business in Liberty, IN. Steven's Trucking Inc classified under, with principal employer Michelle Stevens, Owner Full Name Report is located in 286 South Pea Ridge Road, Liberty, Indiana IN 47353. For sales, support, account inquiries, and how to be an affiliate, the best way to get in touch is through numbers: (765) 458-7813 Full Phone Report. It has been operating since, boasting total quality assurance, and an annual revenue of $500.000 to $999.999. Their Single Location can be reached with the use of the following coordinates: 39.630994,-84.974735. They currently have 1 to 4 employees, and you can learn more about their offerings at. You can also view their clients’ testimonials, government compliance and annual reports through their website. Steven's Trucking Inc aims to strengthen their B2B relationships through advertisements and brand promotion. Registered codes from Standard Industrial Classification is 4212, and 4842302 from North American Industrial Classification System. Customer feedback is highly appreciated; be sure to leave your comments on their website through survey forms. These are necessary for company service improvements.<|endoftext|>'use strict'; module.exports = { db: process.env.MONGOHQ_URL || process.env.MONGOLAB_URI ||'mongodb://localhost/welcome', assets: { lib: { css: [ 'public/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css', 'public/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css', ], js: [ 'public/lib/angular/angular.min.js', 'public/lib/angular-resource/angular-resource.js', 'public/lib/angular-cookies/angular-cookies.js', 'public/lib/angular-animate/angular-animate.js', 'public/lib/angular-touch/angular-touch.js', 'public/lib/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.js', 'public/lib/angular-ui-router/release/angular-ui-router.min.js', 'public/lib/angular-ui-utils/ui-utils.min.js', 'public/lib/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js' ] }, css: 'public/dist/application.min.css', js: 'public/dist/application.min.js' }, facebook: { clientID: process.env.FACEBOOK_ID || 'APP_ID', clientSecret: process.env.FACEBOOK_SECRET || 'APP_SECRET', callbackURL: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/facebook/callback' }, twitter: { clientID: process.env.TWITTER_KEY || 'CONSUMER_KEY', clientSecret: process.env.TWITTER_SECRET || 'CONSUMER_SECRET', callbackURL: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/twitter/callback' }, google: { clientID: process.env.GOOGLE_ID || 'APP_ID', clientSecret: process.env.GOOGLE_SECRET || 'APP_SECRET', callbackURL: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/google/callback' }, linkedin: { clientID: process.env.LINKEDIN_ID || 'APP_ID', clientSecret: process.env.LINKEDIN_SECRET || 'APP_SECRET', callbackURL: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/linkedin/callback' } };<|endoftext|>Eagles Nest (engl. Adlerhorst) ist der Name folgender Orte: in den Vereinigten Staaten: Eagles Nest (Colorado) Eagles Nest (Kalifornien) Eagles Nest (Michigan) Eagles Nest (Minnesota) Eagles Nest (Mississippi) in Neuseeland: Eagles Nest (Neuseeland) Eagle’s Nest steht für: Eagle’s Nest, eine Bezeichnung für das Kehlsteinhaus in Berchtesgaden Siehe auch: Eagle Nest<|endoftext|>1st March 1838 – Born and baptised in Assisi, Italy; 21st September 1856 Clothed in the Passionist Habit; 22 September 1857 Religious Profession; 27th February 1862 Died at Isola Del Gran Sasso; 7th July 1896 Cause of Canonisation introduced by decree of Pope Leo XIII; 31st May 1908 Beatification; 13th May 1920 Canonisation. and a compassion for her sorrows. You raised him

redpajama

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IJR Cuomo Slaps Down Criticism of Role in Nursing Home Deaths: 'No One Has a Right To Spread Lies' By Savannah Rychcik February 19, 2021 at 3:29pm New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D) is pushing back against criticism of the way he handled COVID-19 related deaths in nursing homes saying “no one has a right to spread lies.” “Those false statements must be countered. They must be or else people get confused. No one has a right to spread lies or misinformation that causes pain to families,” Cuomo said during his press briefing on Friday. He added, “I understand politics is a nasty business in this environment. I understand people lie. I get it, I get it, I live it every day, but this is different.” Cuomo claimed his administration did not “fight back” against misinformation hard enough. “In retrospect, that is true. It is whack-a-mole. It is that Twitter, 24 hours a day. It is politicians making up stuff to get their face on TV,” he explained. Cuomo continued, “I get it, but you have to knock it down and counter it and counter it aggressively, otherwise people will believe it.” Watch part of his briefing below: .@NYGovCuomo: “No one has a right” to “spread lies” about my nursing home scandal pic.twitter.com/7h4hqlMMlV — Tom Elliott (@tomselliott) February 19, 2021 The FBI and the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Brooklyn have launched an investigation into how Cuomo’s administration handled the matter, as IJR reported. A spokesman for Cuomo, Richard Azzopardi, told the Times Union, “As we publicly said, DOJ (Department of Justice) has been looking into this for months.” He added, “We have been cooperating with them, and we will continue to.” A report released by New York Attorney General Letitia James found Cuomo undercounted the number of COVID-19 related deaths in nursing homes by as much as 50%, as IJR reported. Cuomo reportedly threatened Democratic Assemblyman Ron Kim over his criticism of how he handled the nursing homes. New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio (D) told “Morning Joe” co-host Mika Brzezinski on Thursday “the bullying is nothing new.” CNN’s Jake Tapper Rips Chris Cuomo for Advising Andrew Cuomo Amid Sexual Harassment Allegations He said, “The threats, the belittling, the demand that someone change their statement right that moment…many, many times I’ve heard that and I know a lot of other people in the state have heard that.” Savannah Rychcik IJR, Writer The Associated Press Stuns Twitter With List of 'Dehumanizing' Labels GOP Rep Hands Out Odd Gift to Fellow House Members Lions Announce Former NFL Linebacker Has Died at 25 National Archives Makes Request to Former Presidents and Vice Presidents AOC Takes Shot at Biden: 'Doing Better Than Trump Shouldn't Be the Bar'<|endoftext|>Era il figlio secondogenito maschio del re d'Inghilterra e duca d'Aquitania, Enrico III e di Eleonora di Provenza. Biografia Il papa Innocenzo IV, nell'intento di togliere la corona di Sicilia agli Hohenstaufen, la offrì nel 1254 a Enrico III per il figlio Edmondo, purché la conquistasse con uomini e mezzi propri. Il re, non riuscendo ad affrontare le spese della spedizione, fu minacciato di scomunica (1258) da papa Alessandro IV, successore di Innocenzo. Fu allora che i baroni inglesi, capeggiati da Simone di Montfort, offrirono il loro appoggio al re a condizione che egli firmasse le Disposizioni o statuti di Oxford. Ma le pretese sull'isola restarono velleitarie. Nel 1269 il cardinal Ottobono, legato papale, giunse in Inghilterra e chiese al principe Edoardo e a suo fratello Edmondo di partecipare all'Ottava crociata a fianco di Luigi IX di Francia. Per finanziare la crociata, Edoardo ed Edmondo dovettero prendere in prestito una notevole somma di denaro da Luigi IX e dagli ebrei d'Inghilterra. Essi condussero una piccola forza in guerra: forse 230 cavalieri, molti dei quali erano amici e parenti. L'obiettivo originale della crociata era quello di spezzare l'assedio posto alla fortezza cristiana di Acri, ma Luigi era stato deviato a Tunisi, dove morì di malattia prima dell'arrivo dei fratelli Plantageneti. La maggior parte dei francesi tornò a casa, ma un piccolo numero di loro si unì a Edoardo ed Edmondo, che decisero di partecipare alla Nona crociata. Dopo una breve sosta a Cipro, essi arrivarono ad Acri con 13 navi. Ad Acri suo fratello Edoardo tentò abboccamenti con i Mongoli per creare un'alleanza contro il sultano mamelucco Baybars, ma senza esito positivo. Nel 1271 Ugo III di Cipro arrivò con un contingente di cavalieri. Ciò imbaldanzì Edoardo ed Edmondo, che fecero una scorreria contro la città di Qaqun, (l'odierna Tulkarm, che si trova tra le città di Nablus e Netanya). Subito dopo stipularono una pace decennale con Baybars. Edmondo ed Edoardo lasciarono la Terra Santa alla volta dell'Inghilterra nel 1272. In generale, la crociata di Edoardo ed Edmondo fu poco significativa e l'unico risultato ottenuto fu una tregua di dieci anni per la città di Acri. Tuttavia, la partecipazione a questa spedizione accrebbe molto la loro fama. Quando, dopo il 1290, i rapporti tra la Francia e l'Inghilterra erano tesi e le scaramucce tra marinai anglo-guasconi e franco-normanni erano giunte a un notevole livello, il re di Francia, Filippo IV il Bello, nel 1294, convocò Edoardo I, suo vassallo, davanti al parlamento di Parigi; Edoardo inviò il fratello, Edmondo che raggiunse un accordo amichevole: durante l'inchiesta, per quaranta giorni, le più importanti fortezze della Guascogna sarebbero passate in mano francese. Ma allo scadere del termine previsto, non solo le fortezze non furono restituite, ma il ducato venne confiscato poiché Edoardo fu considerato contumace; quindi per difendere il ducato, Edoardo fu costretto a fare guerra alla Francia. Edmondo morì a Bayonne, ducato d'Aquitania, il 5 giugno 1296 e fu sepolto a Londra, nell'abbazia di Westminster. Matrimonio e figli Edmondo sposò l'8 aprile 1269 Aveline di Albemarle, figlia di William de Forz, Conte di Aumale e di Isabella di Reviers, Contessa di Aumale, che morì quattro anni dopo, all'età di quindici anni. Dopo la morte di Aveline, a Parigi, il 3 febbraio 1276, Edmondo sposò Bianca d'Artois, figlia di Roberto I d'Artois. Edmondo da Bianca ebbe quattro figli: Tommaso, (1278-1322), secondo conte di Lancaster Enrico (1281-1345), terzo conte di Lancaster Giovanni Plantageneto, Lord di Beaufort, (ca. 1282 - 1327) Maria Plantageneta (ca. 1284 - ca. 1289) Ascendenza Galleria d'immagini Note Bibliografia E. F. Jacob, Inghilterra: Enrico III, cap. V, vol. VI (Declino dell'impero e del papato e sviluppo degli stati naz

redpajama

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ionali) della Storia del Mondo Medievale, 1999, pp. 198–234 Voci correlate Sovrani d'Inghilterra Sovrani britannici Sovrani di Francia Duchi d'Aquitania Duchi di Guascogna Storia della Francia Imperatori del Sacro Romano Impero Crociata Ottava crociata Nona crociata Altri progetti Collegamenti esterni Sepolti nell'abbazia di Westminster Plantageneti Edmondo<|endoftext|>Anniversary update Windows Update Breaks Millions of Cameras and People Are Pissed Off Microsoft’s first big Anniversary Update for Windows 10 went live earlier this month. With it came improved pen performance, new Cortana features, and an all around better Windows. Two weeks later, it’s become clear that the Anniversary update has some big problems. First, some users were plagued with a system-wide freeze after logging into Windows, and now Paul Thurrott reports that the OS is killing certain webcams. Read More >> By Darren Orf anniversary update, microsoft, microsoft why, thurrott, webcams, window 10 anniversary update, windows 10 <|endoftext|>Заходовский сельсовет — административная единица на территории Речицкого района Гомельской области Республики Беларусь. Административный центр — агрогородок Заходы. Состав Заходовский сельсовет включает 8 населённых пунктов: Бушевка — деревня. Васильково — деревня. Дуброва — деревня. Елизаровичи — деревня. Заходы — агрогородок. Новосвятое — посёлок. Осов — деревня. Рудец — деревня. См. также Речицкий район Примечания Ссылки Речицкий райисполком Населённые пункты Республики Беларусь Сельсоветы Речицкого района<|endoftext|>The Telus Skins Game was a Canadian annual summer golf event, sponsored by Telus, and officially known as the Telus World Skins Game. It was hosted at a different golf course each year within Canada. Between 2006 and 2012, the Telus Skins Game incorporated a "world" theme, which incorporated five golfers from different countries. In May 2013, it was announced that the Skins Game would not be played after Telus decided not to renew its deal as title sponsor. History 2012 Glen Arbour Golf Course, Halifax, Nova Scotia 2011 Banff Springs Golf Course, Banff, Alberta 2010 Bear Mountain Resort, Victoria, British Columbia 2009 La Tempête Golf Club, Lévis, Quebec 2008 Predator Ridge Resort, Vernon, BC 2007 The Raven Golf Club at Lora Bay, Town of the Blue Mountains, ON 2006 The Fairmont Banff Springs Golf Course, Banff, AB 2005 Nicklaus North Golf Club, Whistler, BC * No player won the skin on the 18th hole. The players decided to give the money to charity. 2004 Club de Golf Le Fontainebleau, Blainville, Quebec 2003 Royal Niagara Golf Club, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario 2002 The Mark O'Meara Course at Delta Grandview Resort, Huntsville, Ontario 2001 Angus Glen Golf Club, Markham, Ontario 2000 Predator Ridge Resort, Okanagan Valley, B.C. 1999 Le Diable, Mont Tremblant, Quebec 1998 The Links at Crowbush Cove, Morell, P.E.I. 1997 Nicklaus North Golf Club, Whistler, B.C. 1996 Summerlea Golf Club, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec 1995 The National Golf Club of Canada, Woodbridge, Ontario 1994 Richelieu Valley Golf Club, Sainte-Julie de Vercheres, Quebec 1993 Devil's Pulpit Golf Club, Caledon, Ontario References External links Unofficial money golf tournaments Golf tournaments in Canada Recurring sporting events established in 1993 1993 establishments in Canada<|endoftext|>Q: Quality loss in Run mode against Design Mode in application When I have created any application, all things is OK. But when I run it, quality reduced! In addition, size of forms or controls and design of them is currept. Also about alignment and anchors. bellow pictures show the problem. Albeit this happen just in my system. In other system that works truly. I tried it in virtual machine. It works truly but after a time, quality reduced too. By restore the windows, it is OK, but after a time, quality reduced again! Where is the problem? Edit: In other language and platforms such as ASP.net or Qt, this problem doesn't exist. A: By thanksgiving of @ChristopherKyleHorton that help me to find the answer, it is a problem with DPI. In my display settings, scale of text, apps, and other items has been fixed to 125% (120 DPI). So, some of apps and items such as winform can't support this. For them, scale of text, apps, and other items must be 100% (96 DPI). Also, if you don't like to change it, or your destination system use 125% too, you can add following code at the form.designer.cs in the initialize section: this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F); This can solve the problem for ever. Thanks @ChristopherKyleHorton. <|endoftext|>The Heddon® Torpedo has been one of the world's top-selling, top-producing topwater lures for generations. The Torpedo's aerodynamic shape, along with its balance and weight, allows anglers to cast it like a bullet. Length: 1-7/8"; Weight: 1/4 oz.<|endoftext|>Additional Information: Financial Assistance: Sliding Fee Scales, Multi-child discount. Be the first to review this childcare provider. Write a review about LAKELAND BASE JOHN BROWN. Let other families know what’s great, or what could be improved. Please read our brief review guidelines to make your review as helpful as possible.<|endoftext|>Wallplanner Packages Advertising Sizes for A1 Wallplanners Advertising sizes for Half Quad Wallplanners Advertising sizes for School Wallplanners Business North Business South Business Rural RSA Review Mining NZ NZ Dairy Go Travel New Zealand Swings & Roundabouts Whitianga upgrade delivers results Kim Stewart Mar 3 The second phase of the project involved construction of a new playground next to the harbour’s edge in the centre of town. The recently completed upgrade of the Whitianga Town Centre is a credit to all involved says Thames Coromandel District Council spokesman, Andrew Boden. The $8 million dollar project involved upgrading water supply, storm-water and reticulation infrastructure and also realigning the road which had a significant camber. Upgrade ducting for ultra-fast broadband was also laid, while a plaza space was created as a community focus area. The second phase involved construction of a new playground on the site of the original playground next to the harbour’s edge in the centre of town and at the same time widening footpaths and creating some small new roading. Andrew Boden says the project was delivered on time and on budget with a key focus on keeping the community informed throughout all stages of the development. A project of this nature needed to be managed in stages and Andrew says that planning for the approximately $8 million project actually got underway about 20 years ago. The project had to wait for funding to be secured in the council’s long-term-plan with the contract put out for tender late 2017. “We were fortunate to have a very good main contractor who made it a priority to employ local sub-contractors and suppliers,” says Andrew.“So in a way, the funding the council was investing in Whitianga was to a greater degree staying in the town and going to the people who lived there,” he says. Andrew says the road alterations have made a big difference to the town centre.“It almost felt for people crossing the then wide street that they were walking up hill to get to the middle of the street, so the decision was made to reduce the road’s width and flatten it. “This gave room for a natural increase in the width of footpaths.”Andrew says weekly public meetings which included stakeholders and Demp

redpajama

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L'Ohsumi Regio è una struttura geologica della superficie di 25143 Itokawa. Collegamenti esterni Regiones di Itokawa<|endoftext|>Chilmark Housing Production Plan Final HPP A brief overview of the Island housing situation. Chilmark Population and Housing Profile Chilmark September 21, 2016 Workshop Presentation/Slides Chilmark September 21, 2016 Workshop Summary Chilmark Draft Vision Statement Chilmark November 16, 2016 Workshop Presentation Including Draft Goals Chilmark Revised Vison and Goals for Review at December Meeting Chilmark Map for December Workshop Chilmark Presentation for December Meeting Chilmark Draft HPP In the fall of 2016 and early 2017, along with the five other towns on the Vineyard, Chilmark participated in a process to produce a Housing Production Plan (HPP). The HPP can be a guide to the Town’s decisions in addressing housing that is affordable for our workers, families, elders and children. Housing Production Plan Process The HPP process offered an opportunity to thoroughly examine the demographic changes and ever-changing housing market conditions – and how this impacts our community and the Island. A completed HPP can help Town leaders, policy makers and residents understand the best ways to move towards meeting the current and future housing needs of Chilmark while preserving the Town character and values. This plan can also guide decision makers as they look to allocate Town resources for any proposed production of new housing by identifying our inventory of existing housing and possible zoning revisions to meet any identified future housing goals. HPPs are approved at the local level by the Board of Selectmen and Planning Board and then can be submitted to the Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development for approval. HPPs are required to contain the following three elements: An assessment of the Town’s housing needs Goals to assist with meeting the needs Strategies toward achieving the goals The process was thorough and public to help shape the future of Chilmark as these three elements of the HPP were examined. The interactive community workshops provided information to help guide Chilmark’s housing policies and other initiatives as part of the Housing Production Plan. For more information about HPPs, this link will bring you to the State’s website: Housing Production Plans Questions or comments regarding Chilmark’s HPP can be directed to [email protected] The Chilmark Workshops took place at the following dates and times: Wednesday, September 21, 2016 at 7 PM, Chilmark Public Library Wednesday, November 16, 2016 at 7 PM, Chilmark Public Library Wednesday, December 14, 2016 at 7 PM, Selectmen's Meeting Room, Town Hall Aquinnah | Chilmark | Edgartown | Oak Bluffs | Tisbury | West Tisbury CONSULTANT BIOS JM GOLDSON (LEAD CONSULTANT) JM Goldson, is a sole proprietorship established in 2006 by community planner, Jennifer Goldson, AICP, that has a strong track record helping communities develop strategic priorities for community preservation and affordable housing through interactive public engagement. Jennifer has a diverse 20-year background as a professional community planner that blends specialties in housing, community preservation, and land use planning. JM Goldson, which employs 1.5 full-time professionals, specializes in creating Housing Production Plans, Housing Needs Assessments, Community Preservation Act Plans, and Affordable Housing Trust Action Plans. JM Goldson's work is exclusively in Massachusetts. JM Goldson has completed many Housing Production Plans and Housing Needs Assessments, as well as facilitated interactive community housing workshops for a variety of communities including Agawam, Arlington, Barnstable, Bridgewater, Concord, Easton, Medway, Norwood, Pelham, Southborough, and Sudbury. JM Goldson is also preparing Housing Production Plans in Brookline and Nantucket as a sub-consultant to RKG Associates. In addition, Jennifer is the primary author of three guidebooks for the Massachusetts Housing Partnership's (MHP): Municipal Affordable Housing Trust Guidebook (2009, updated 2013) Municipal Affordable Housing Trust Operations Manual (2015) the new Community Preservation Act and affordable housing guidebook: Create, preserve, support (2016) Jennifer is also a regular trainer at MHP's annual Housing Institute, specializing in building community support for affordable housing, the Community Preservation Act, and Municipal Affordable Housing Trusts. RKG ASSOCIATES, INC. RKG Associates, Inc. (RKG) is a full service economic, planning and real estate consulting firm with offices Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Virginia, and Georgia. Since its founding in 1981, RKG has successfully completed more than two thousand consulting projects regionally, nationally, and internationally, providing a comprehensive range of planning, economics, market research, and financial feasibility services to public and private clients. The firm employs ten full time professionals and has grown to become one of the most respected economics and real estate advisory consulting firms in the United States. Judi Barrett, Director of Municipal Services at RKG, will represent the firm in Agawam. A planner with thirty years of experience in the field, Judi has led numerous master plans for cities and towns, conducted comprehensive zoning revisions and recodifications, and developed training programs for town boards and professional planners. She works nationally on inclusionary zoning and fair housing. Judi has completed affordable housing plans and studies for New England clients, including over two dozen Housing Production Plans. She serves as a Chapter 40B Technical Assistance Consultant for MHP, helping Boards of Appeal throughout Massachusetts navigate the comprehensive permit process. In addition, she recently authored a new Chapter 40B Guidebook for MHP. MV Times: February 1, 2017 Planner urges multiple strategies to create Chilmark affordable housing<|endoftext|>Q: Elasticsearch config folder volume mount into docker compose I have install ELK using docker compose file but due to some error i want to store the logs of Elasticsearch into my logs file using volume mount. How can i mount elastic config file into my config file. How can I get the logs of Elasticsearch into my Log directory elasticsearch: image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:6.8.9 environment: - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g" - logger.level=DEBUG volumes: - /opt/Service/data/elasticsearch:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data - /opt/Service/config:./bin/elasticsearch ports: - 9200:9200 user: ${USER_ID} How to get Logs of Elasticsearch? <|endoftext|><!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="pt-BR" xml:lang="pt-BR"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css"> <script type="text/javascript"> // to identify if javascript is active var tagHtml = document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0]; tagHtml.className = tagHtml.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> </head> <body> <div id="pieChart" class="chart"></div> <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="main.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html> <|endoftext|>Nearly 1000 people, including activists from 40 countries from around the world, local residents and beachgoers, came together to create an iconic image of a dolphin in the sand in solidarity against the planned oil drilling off the Portuguese coast. Drawing a red line where the beach meets the ocean to represent the voices of those saying “no”. At a time when wildfires rage across Portugal destroying close to 30,000 hectares of land in the past week alone, and around 80% of the country is suffering from "severe" or "extreme" drought conditions, this powerful combination of prayer, art and political action is a clear and unified message that water is life, water is sacred, life is sacred, and we must defend the sacred. Environmental activist groups ASMAA, ALA and Climaximo, as well as the municipalities of Aljezur and Odemira joined the action, which is part of “Defend the Sacred: Envision a Global Alternative," an international gathering taking place in Tamera from 7–16 August 2017, focusing on reconciling indigenous wisdom with futuristic thinking to find a shared vision for a regenerative global culture. Opening the speeches, Laurinda Seabra, leader of environmental activist group Algarve Surf and Marine Activities Association, ASMAA said: “Between April and June 2018, Galp and Eni have threatened to drill offshore … from this beach you would be able to see the platforms. What we’re doing is to protect our oceans, protect our waters, protect our lands, and protect our earth." Martin Winiecki, leader of

redpajama

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the Institute for Global Peace Work at Tamera and host of the gathering says: "We dedicate this action to system change from a culture of exploitation to cooperation with all that lives. We also take a stance towards the fires currently raging in Portugal and around the world. Those fires resulting from mismanagement of forests and water and eucalyptus monocultures are fuelled by the very same system of short-term profit that is pushing to drill for oil off this coast." The action was designed by John Quigley, an American environmental advocate, known around the world for his aerial art activism. John says: “Today the movement grows … we will demonstrate it on this beach; all of these families that came and thought they were going to play with their children today are going to become activists to save this beach.” Using their bodies to draw a huge message on the ground, the people created a large dolphin in the sand and the messages “Não ao Furo, Sim ao Futuro” (“No to Drilling, Yes to the Future”) and “Defend the Sacred”. The message featured the “Linha Vermelha” (“Red Line”) – a campaign created by Climaximo and the Citizenship Academy. The red line represents the voices of those who repeatedly say "no" to the oil drilling here and in the world, and through weaving and knitting, aim to inform and mobilize the population, who otherwise would not be aware and sensitized to this crime. Leading the prayers to lead the people into the art were Sabine Lichtenfels, co-founder of Tamera, and LaDonna Brave Bull Allard, founder of the first resistance camp against the Dakota Access Pipeline protests and the Standing Rock movement in the United States last year. LaDonna Brave Bull Allard said: “I know that as we stood that the world stood with us, and so I came here to stand with you … We have no choice anymore, we must stand up for the water and we must stand up now... So I stand with the fire, praying that everybody’s heart and mind ignites to stand together in prayer to make a better life.” Tamera is a holistic peace research and education center that has 40 years of research in building sustainable communities of trust. They are world-renowned for their Water Retention Landscapes and work towards decentralized regional autonomy through solar energy, water retention, ecosystem restoration and food sovereignty. They’ve been educating global changemakers and activists for 15 years and supporting a number of peace initiatives around the world.<|endoftext|>What predicates this post being written? The other day on facebook I commented on how I have my peas planted, and how my radishes and turnips are coming up. I was surprised to get comments of "Boy you are early!" "Wow...that's might early". I often have things in the garden at this time of year. I don't always tell people, but this year it surprised me at how many people commented on the earliness. Hubby, in answer to my surprise said "but hun, you have raised beds.. it makes all the difference". So know you what predicated this post. :) Be prepared to get some early gardening advice. Early in the season... probably beginning of March I put up my hoop over one of the raised beds. I did this so the ground would have a chance to heat up. I blocked off the ends and just waited. Once the weeds started growing I knew the soil was warm enough. I planted cold weather seeds such as spinach, radish, turnip and the like and then let the boards stay up until the seeds sprouted. Now the boards stay off and I just watch for frost warnings. I picked up some inexpensive frost cover at the local dollarama. At the beginning of this week, after we had a good rain I planted my sugar snap peas. The package will tell you to soak them, but I've learned you don't need to soak them if you just wait with on the weather. Rain comes in the spring. :) I put my peas in. YEAH!!! Soon enough I'll have pea!!!! The lad and I can eat them all before they even come in the house. :) (and dad will shake his head at us). oday as I was fussing about I noted I made an error in judgement. I forgot to remove my seeds from a box before I watered our freshly bought mint! ACK!!! Wet seeds! I planted: more spinach, swiss chard, lettuce (two kinds), mustard greens, and Salad greens. This is all for the bunnies except for what we steal for our own table. I also planted some bush type zucchini. These went into my short box raised beds that I reserve for plants that need their own space. In my raised beds I plant close together, usually about 6-8 inches, but some plants simply don't do well with that type of spacing. Those plants have short beds that they don't need to share. :) I planted the whole package of zucchini which we DEFINITELY don't need but they will hopefully come up and then my son can sell them to raise some dollars. :) We'll market them to the various homeschool groups around. I certainly felt stupid getting the seeds wet so hopefully that didn't ruin them. I keep a thin piece of plywood next to my short boxes so I can cover plants as they start to come up to protect them from frost damage. The reason I plant closely is two fold. 1. It helps to keep the grounded shaded so they don't dry out as fast. The nemesis of raised gardens is they dry out quickly. 2. It helps shade the ground so weeds don't grow as persistently because there is no room for them to spread their roots. 1. they are MUCH easier to work and it's easier to work up one section at a time. This keeps the job from being overwhelming. 2. It's easier to rotate what is going where. 3. If you get a diseased patch of dirt (it happens). It's easy enough to spread that batch of bad dirt over the lawn, which gets rid of dips and divots in your lawn. 4. Lack of persistent weeds. Twitch grass is SO not a problem in my gardens. 6. It gets me started earlier growing plants for the bunnies. They adore my parsely/cilantro patch and have eaten from it twice already. I have some clover, plantain and dandelions mixed in the patch as well. Here in Ontario, where the season can be shorter than one wants, having raised beds helps me to extend the time I can garden and to take advantage of the cool weather crops by planting early. Do you have anything special that you do when you garden? I really, really like our raised beds also! Thank you for linking up!! Thanks jen. What do you love about yours? We typically will have a week or two of rainy weather which makes it hard to work in a traditional garden. That always gave the weeds a chance to get ahead of me and it seemed that I never could catch up. With the raised beds I can still pull weeds even if we've had a bunch of rain. I love our raised beds. I'm using the square foot system and I love having a different kind of veggie in each square. I'm used to container gardening but this is kind of new to me. I love your hoop and method of starting earlier. Will have to remember that for next year.<|endoftext|>Q: Number of ordered sets of integers How many ordered sets of integers $(x,y,z)$ satisfying $$x,y,z \in [-10,10]$$ are solutions to the following system of equations: $$x^2y^2+y^2z^2=5xyz$$ $$y^2z^2+z^2x^2=17xyz$$ $$z^2x^2+x^2y^2=20xyz$$ By a quite cumbersome method, which is too long for me to type down here, I arrived at the answer 5: the ordered sets being $(0,0,0), (8,2,4), (-8,-2,4), (-8,2,-4)$ and $(8,-2,-4)$. But this does not seem to be the right answer. What I basically did was divide the system of equations with $(xyz)$, then by a process of elimination of the variables, found the possible values of x, y and z. However, it seems I've somehow missed out other solutions as well. Can anyone help me out with this? Thanks! A: The discriminant of the first equation with respect to $z$ is $x^2y^2(25-4y^2)$. This must be a square, so we must have $y\in\{-2,0,2\}$ or $x=0$. If one variable is $0$, one of the others must also be $0$, and we get the solutions that Johan pointed out. If $y=\pm2$, we need $x=\pm8$ or $x=\pm9$ to get a factor of $17$ from $x^2+y^2$ in the second equation. Substituting this into the second equation yields integer $z$ only for $x=\pm8$, and this yields the solutions that you found. Thus the solutions found by Johan and you are the only ones. A: If two of the variables are zero, then the third one can be anything. So $(0,0,z)$, where $z$ is anything, is a a set

redpajama

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of solutions, as is $(0,y,0)$ and $(x,0,0)$. A: Let $(x,y,z)$ be a solution. Then the three numbers $$ u_1=x^2y^2+y^2z^2-5xyz, \ u_2=y^2z^2+z^2x^2-17xyz, \ u_3=z^2x^2+x^2y^2=20xyz $$ are all zero. Now $$ \begin{array}{lcl} (1) \ -u_1+u_2+u_3 &=& 2x^2z^2-32xyz=32xz\bigg( \frac{xz}{16}-y\bigg) \\ (2) \ u_1-u_2+u_3 &=& 2x^2y^2-8xyz=8xy\bigg( \frac{xy}{4}-z\bigg) \\ (3) \ u_1+u_2-u_3 &=& 2y^2z^2-2xyz=2yz\bigg( yz-x\bigg) \end{array} $$ If $x,y$ and $z$ are all nonzero, we see that $x=yz, y=\frac{xz}{16}$ and $z=\frac{xy}{4}$. Multiplying, we deduce $xyz=\frac{(xyz)^2}{64}$, so $xyz=64$. Using $x^2=xyz, y^2=\frac{xyz}{16}$ and $z^2=\frac{xyz}{4}$, we deduce $x^2=64,y^2=4,z^2=16$. This produces four solutions : $(8\varepsilon_1,2\varepsilon_2,4\varepsilon_1\varepsilon_2)$ where each of $\varepsilon_1$ and $\varepsilon_2$ can be $+1$ or $-1$. If $z=0$, then by (2) we have $2(xy)^2=0$ and hence $x=0$ or $y=0$. Similarly when $x=0$ or $y=0$ : this will produce the solutions found by Johan. A: If any two of $x,y,z$ are $0$, all the equations say $0 = 0$. On the other hand, if only one is $0$, it's easy to see that another must also be $0$. So now let's assume none of them are $0$. Then we can cancel a $y$, $z$, or $x$ respectively from each equation, leaving $$ \eqalign{(x^2 + z^2) y &= 5 x z\cr (x^2 + y^2) z &= 17 x y\cr (y^2 + z^2) x &= 20 y z\cr}$$ Next, notice that changing signs of any two of the variables preserves all three equations. Thus we may assume, say, $x > 0$ and $y > 0$, and get the other solutions by symmetry. Now $x z \le (x^2 + y^2)/2$ (because $x^2 - 2 x z + y^2 = (x-y)^2 \ge 0$), and similarly $-x z \le (x^2 + y^2)/2$, i.e $|x z| \le (x^2 + y^2)/2$. So from the first equation we get $$|y| = \frac{5 |x z|}{x^2 + y^2} \le \frac{5}{2}$$ Since at this point $y$ is a positive integer, the only possibilities are $y= 1$ and $y = 2$. If $y = 1$, the second equation says $z (x^2 + 1) = 17 x$. Since $x^2 + 1$ and $x$ are relatively prime, this implies that $x$ divides $z$. So let $z = m x$. We then have $m (x^2 + 1) = 17$. Since $17$ is prime, one of $m$ and $x^2 + 1$ must be $1$ and the other $17$. But $x \ne 0$ so it must be $x^2 + 1 = 17$ (i.e. $x=4$), and $m= 1$ so $z=4$. But $x=4,y=1,z=4$ doesn't satisfy the first or third equation. The remaining possibility is $y=2$. Then the second equation says $z (x^2 + 4) = 34 x$. If $x$ is odd, so is $x^2 + 4$, and that is relatively prime to $x$ so it divides $34$. The only odd factors of $34$ are $1$ and $17$, so we'd need $x^2 + 4 = 17$, but that doesn't work since $17-4=13$ is not a square. So $x$ must be even: say $x = 2 t$. Now the second equation, after dividing by $4$, becomes $z (t^2 + 1) = 17 t$. As in the previous paragraph, we conclude that $t=4$ (so $x=8$) and $z=4$. Thus we have $(x,y,z) = (8,2,4)$, which is a solution. By symmetry (changing any two signs) we also have solutions $(-8,-2,4), (-8,2,-4)$ and $(8,-2,-4)$. Summing up, we have the solutions $(x,y,z) = (0,0,z)$, $(0,y,0)$, $(x,0,0)$, $(8,2,4)$, $(-8,-2,4), (-8,2,-4)$ and $(8,-2,-4)$. <|endoftext|>Q: weird bug on radio buttons when change i'm trying to do a radio button with 2 options: yes and no (is a long form), but in this piece, i need that radio called refused or accomplished be checked when the user choose yes or no, refused and accomplished buttons already are disabled, the user can't change this manually. 1 - when user choose yes: accomplished must be checked 2 - if user choose no, refused must be checked. 3 - if user change the yes to no, or no to yes option we back to the rules 1 or 2 above. however, i'm stuck because when i change the option the radio button change only once. and nothing happens after that. this is my code right now: https://jsfiddle.net/bw21cxo5/1/ HTML: <div> <label for="yes"> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="yes" id="yes" class="option-yes">Yes </label> <label for="no"> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="no" id="no" class="option-no">No </label> </div> <br><br> <div> <label for="refused"> <input type="radio" name="radio2" id="refused" disabled> Refused </label> <label for="accomplished"> <input type="radio" name="radio2" id="accomplished" disabled> Accomplished </label> </div> js: (jquery 2.2) $('input[name="radio1"]').on('change', function() { if ($(this).hasClass('option-no')) { $('#refused').attr('checked', true); $('#accomplished').attr('checked', false); } else { $('#accomplished').attr('checked', true); $('#refused').attr('checked', false); } }); A: You can associate the checkboxes with each other. Something like this using the data attribute would work: Updated HTML <label for="yes"> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="yes" id="yes" class="option-yes" data-partner="accomplished">Yes </label> <label for="no"> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="no" id="no" class="option-no" data-partner="refused">No </label> JavaScript $('input[name="radio1"]').on('change', function() { $('input[name="radio2]').prop('checked',false); $('#'+$(this).data('partner')).prop('checked',true); }); JS Fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/igor_9000/bw21cxo5/3/ Hope that helps! A: It's better to use plain JS when checking radio buttons. Try this: $('input[name="radio1"]').on('change', function() { if ($(this).hasClass('option-

redpajama

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Archbishop O’Brien, Gov. O’Malley exchange letters on gay marriage By George P. Matysek Jr. gmatysek@CatholicReview.org Two days before Gov. Martin J. O’Malley announced his July 22 decision to sponsor legislation legalizing same-sex marriage in Maryland, Archbishop Edwin F. O’Brien sent him a private letter urging O’Malley – a Catholic – to “refrain” from promoting the redefinition of marriage. “I am well aware that the recent events in New York have intensified pressure on you to lend your active support to legislation to redefine marriage,” Archbishop O’Brien wrote, referring to New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo’s signing of gay marriage legislation in the Empire State. “As advocates for the truths we are compelled to uphold,” Archbishop O’Brien said, “we speak with equal intensity and urgency in opposition to your promoting a goal that so deeply conflicts with your faith, not to mention the best interests of our society.” Archbishop O’Brien said it was “especially hard to fathom your taking such a step, given the fact that our requests last year for you to sponsor legislation to repeal the death penalty and support students in Catholic and other nonpublic schools went unheeded.” The archbishop was referring to a long-sought business tax credit that would benefit students and teachers in Catholic and nonpublic schools. O’Malley supports the credit, but did not take a leadership role in trying to pass it. The measure failed. In an Aug. 4 response to Archbishop O’Brien, the governor cited a long list of items on which the two agree – including repealing the death penalty, reducing the incidence of infant mortality, “promoting the dignity of work and the justice of fair wages,” protecting the environment, feeding the hungry and healing the sick. “I do not presume, nor would I ever presume as governor, to question or infringe upon your freedom to define, to preach about, and to administer the sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church,” O’Malley said. “But on the public issue of granting equal civil marital rights to same sex couples, you and I disagree.” O’Malley said he was “sworn to uphold the law without partiality or prejudice.” “When shortcomings in our laws bring about a result that is unjust,” he asserted, “I have a public obligation to try to change that injustice.” O’Malley said it was unjust to “discriminate” in marital laws and he added that it is also “unjust” to treat the children of families headed by same-sex couples with “lesser protections” under the law than the children of families headed by heterosexual couples.” Archbishop O’Brien noted that members of the Maryland General Assembly decided against legalizing same-sex marriage during the last legislative session even though they were subjected to “intense pressure, both from the public and from legislative leadership – despite leaders’ claims that this was a ‘vote of conscience.’” “Admirably, many legislators, prompted by their deeply held moral convictions and those of the constituents they were elected to represent, courageously resisted the all-too-familiar pull of partisan allegiances and political ambition in making their decision to uphold marriage,” Archbishop O’Brien said. “Such courage is rare in politics and can best be rewarded if it serves as an example for others to emulate.” The archbishop noted that “Maryland is not New York.” “We urge you not to allow your role as the leader of our state to be used in allowing the debate surrounding the definition of marriage to be determined by mere political expediency,” Archbishop O’Brien said. “The people of Maryland deserve no less.” Archbishop O’Brien said he welcomed the opportunity to speak personally with O’Malley on the issue of gay marriage. Archbishop O’Brien’s letter to O’Malley was private and was released to the media by the governor’s office. The archbishop addressed the topic of same-sex marriage in his July 28 column in The Catholic Review. To read the correspondence between Archbishop O’Brien and the governor, visit http://tinyurl.com/omob84.<|endoftext|>To monitor therapy, draw trough level specimen before the next dose is administered. Collect peak level (post-dose) specimen 60 to 90 minutes after drug infusion. Store and send frozen. Interpretive Comments: Most other antibiotics will not interfere in the assay. Special Processing: Clearly write "CHLORAMPHENICOL" on tube label.<|endoftext|>Obama's authority to attack Syria falls in 'perversely gray' legal area Thursday Aug 29, 2013 3:06 PM By Tom Curry, National Affairs Writer, NBC News It could be mere days until President Barack Obama orders strikes on Syria in response to the apparent use of chemical weapons by the regime of President Bashar al-Assad last week. Some lawmakers say Obama can’t legally use force without a vote, as was the case prior to the Iraq invasion in 2003. But it’s looking increasingly likely the president will act without waiting for authorization from Congress, just as he did in Libya two years ago. So what, exactly, is the law? Constitutional expert and American University professor Stephen Vladeck calls this “one of the more perversely gray areas of U.S. constitutional law.” The Obama administration is pushing for tactical military action against the Syrian regime but the specter of the WMD debate leading up to the Iraq War, a decade ago, as others hesitant to act without firm, detailed intelligence. Ken Pollack of the Brookings Institute discusses. Here's a primer on the legal and political intricacies currently in question: What basis does the Obama administration cite for possible U.S. attacks on the Assad regime? Obama said during an interview on Wednesday that the reasons for taking action were not only the Assad regime’s violation of “a well-established international norm against the use of chemical weapons,” but “America's core self-interest.” Not only could U.S. allies (like Israel) be attacked if chemical weapons fall into the hands of terrorists, but chemical weapons “could be directed at us,” Obama said. It was the strongest language he has used to invoke the potential of a direct attack on the United States as a reason to attack Syria. What role does the War Powers Resolution play in the current situation? Congress passed the War Powers Resolution in 1973 over President Richard Nixon’s veto. Its intent was to rein in Nixon who’d used military force in Cambodia without notifying Congress – and to curb future presidents who might wage unauthorized wars. The resolution requires the president to notify and consult with Congress before sending U.S. forces into “hostilities.” The law says the use of U.S. military forces must end within 60 to 90 days unless Congress authorizes such use or extends the time period. When Obama ordered U.S. forces to take part in NATO’s attack on Libya in 2011, his administration argued that the War Powers Act did not apply because the U.S. military operations in Libya were “distinct from the kind of ‘hostilities’ contemplated” by the 1973 law. The operations in Libya, it said, did not involve U.S. ground troops, U.S. casualties, or “sustained fighting or active exchanges of fire with hostile forces ….” Britain's Prime Minister David Cameron tells the U.K. parliament Thursday that a possible British military response to alleged chemical weapons use in Syria won't be guided by the Obama administration. With British Parliament voting against military intervention and the support of NATO allies unsecured, can Obama legally strike Syria without the consent of Congress? While support from the British and from NATO would help make the case for attacking Syria in the court of public opinion both in the United States and abroad, there’s no legal requirement that Obama have international support for an attack. Vladeck said, “So long as President Obama is complying” with the War Powers Resolution “which includes reporting to Congress within 48 hours of the onset of hostilities, it’s an uphill battle, at best, to argue that the use of force in Syria would be unlawful until and unless the War Power Resolution’s own constraints kick in.” Would an attack on Syria be similar to the 1989 invasion of Panama or the 1983 invasion of Grenada? According to the Congressional Research Service, in 1989, when President George H.W. Bush ordered U.S. forces to invade Panama, he told Congress that his goals were to protect the 35,000 American citizens living there, restore a democratic form of government, preserve the integrity of the Panama Canal treaties, and arrest Gen. Manuel Noriega, who’d been charged in the United States with drug trafficking. There’s no strong parallel with current situation in Syria, other than that Congress was out of session when Bush ordered the Panama invasion and it is out of session now. In 1989, the Senate defeated an amendment authorizing Bush to use force in Panama. Bush was acting without the consent of Congress, and arguably against the wishes of the Senate majority. In 1983, President Reagan ordered an invasion of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, saying that he was protecting the lives of U.S. citizens there and answering a request from the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to restore order. Reagan’s spokesman said there was no need for him to comply with War Powers Resolution since the troops would be out within the law’s 60-to-90 day time period. How would an attack on Syria differ from the 2003 attack on Iraq? Both Obama and British Prime Minister David Cameron have argued that there’s no comparison between the two cases. “This is not like Iraq … we’re not invading a country.

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We’re not searching for chemical and biological weapons,” Cameron told the House of Commons Thursday before MPs voted against intervention. Prior to the Iraq invasion, President George W. Bush warned of the risk that Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein might use chemical and biological and perhaps at some point nuclear weapons against the United States. But Obama and Cameron say Assad’s regime has already used chemical weapons and might use them again. State Department spokesperson Marie Harf engages in a discussion with reporters over whether the intelligence in Syria is comparable to that of Iraq and WMDs. The goal, Obama says, would not be to remove Assad but to deter the future use of chemical weapons. In contrast, at its peak, the U.S. occupation of Iraq reached 170,000 troops. And from the outset overthrowing Saddam Hussein was an explicit goal. Another difference between then and now: in 2002 Congress overwhelmingly voted to authorize Bush to attack Iraq; in the current case of Syria, it appears that Obama will order military action before Congress gets a chance to vote on authorizing any such action. What’s the ultimate check on a president’s ability to use military force? The ultimate check is Congress’ power to cut off funds. In 2000, when 26 members of Congress went to federal court to challenge President Bill Clinton’s use of U.S. forces in Kosovo, the appeals court in Washington rebuffed them, partly because it said they already had tools they could use: “Congress always retains appropriations authority and could have cut off funds for the American role in the conflict.” But that’s hardly an efficient route to take. Constitutional scholar Louis Fisher contends that uses of military force can take unexpected turns and that cutting off funds after the military action starts is sometimes far too late. He points out that after President Lyndon B. Johnson “escalated the war in Southeast Asia in the spring of 1965, it took eight years to cut off funding. Instead of losing control at the start of a war and taking almost a decade to stop it, Congress should control it at the front by insisting on prior authorization on any military action against Syria.” This story was originally published on Thu Aug 29, 2013 6:06 PM EDT<|endoftext|>Q: Silverlight 4.0 - how to target Silverlight runtime version for XAP in VS 2010? I have a situation when my XAP is being produced with Silverlight version installed on my dev machine, while users (enterprise company) use a different (earlier) version. Users don't have ability to upgrade their Silverlight runtime due to IT Department policy. I have no control over when or which version of Silverlight runtime that IT department is going to allow users to have. I know only Silverlight version they use at any given moment. So the question is how can I build XAP file targeting specific version of Silverlight run time (4.0.50401.0 in my case)? I tried to play with AppManifest file and do some other manipulations inside of VS 2010 but was not lucky with finding solution yet. I would appreciate if you could advise. Thanks! A: Tim Heuer blogged about this, http://timheuer.com/blog/archive/2010/09/28/keeping-your-silverlight-dev-environment-stable-through-service-releases.aspx. Basically he is suggesting you maintain the version of the Silverlight SDK that your users will have on your development machine. This will allow you to build XAPs against that version of the SDK. <|endoftext|>Q: execute the master playbook using python script how can i execute a ansible playbook using python script? i need to invoke the master playbook using python. The master playbook is encrypted using ansible vault. The password can be passed in python script. How do i write it A: Subprocess module allows you to run whatever you'd like import subprocess subprocess.run([ 'ansible-playbook', '-i', 'inventory.yaml', '-e','secret@passfile', 'master.yaml'] ) <|endoftext|>It was right around the time that Alex published his book, The 10 Pillars of Household: Mind-Sets of The World’s Richest People. I got that book as soon as I saw it and I jumped to emphasize it and mark it up using notes. I could go re-read it. Actually, Market Hero is not even his only multi-million dollar business. The SEO software development firm Source Wave was also founded by him and now he’s running a nutritional supplement manufacturer new. He got a couple of classes out there in the market teaching people how to grow their lists and market more on Shopify. Anyway, Market Hero is one of the best email Since it concentrates on in-depth sales metrics, autoresponders available on the market today and it’s so much better than its rivals. I have used a bunch of email autoresponder software through time, such as MadMimi and Drip. Drip has been my favorite up until I started using Market Hero. Drip allows you like track your rates to do a lot of cool stuff and tag your readers. But if you are anything like me, while you take care of open rates and click-through rates, what matters is SALES. Earnings are the lifeblood of your enterprise and sales is what puts cold, hard cash into your pocket. Market Hero makes it possible to track sales, plain and simple. The service isn’t great to the point where they provide you with detailed step-by-step videos and also hold your hand through every step of the way, but it is not terrible. Besides, if you need that degree of coddling and hand-holding, possibly Market Hero is not for you. Market Hero has English-speaking support staff available to answer your questions through live chat for free. You don’t have to be a part of any special plan or package that is upgraded to have priority support, such as some firms do. You simply log in and begin chatting. On Market Hero’s homepage You’ll see says,”4X Your Email Business With Unequaled Delivery and Revenue Metrics”. This immediately set off my B.S. detector because I know how hard it is to 4X an email arrangement, particularly if you’re any good at everything you’re doing. Now, in the interest of full disclosure I do want to inform you that Market Hero has NOT increased my earnings 4X (yet), but I am gaining more earnings than before and Market Hero IS paying for itself. Rather easily, actually. I had my game tight and was doing well, so that I knew a 4X increase would be tough. I know I already mentioned this, but the key to Market Hero is how it keeps your customers’ lifetime value (LTV) facing you at all times and it changes as you send out emails and tweak your own autoresponder. As soon as you know your client value, you can literally”buy” customers. What Market Hero does is actively each conversion for every lead on your listing and monitor every sale. It then averages together everything and gives you the stats you need to grow your organization. If you’re to do this manually, then you would probably have to experience different programs, various spreadsheets, and go back through your prior sales. You may have to crunch on a great deal of amounts that are unique which you don’t even have anymore. Market Hero solves this problem better than anyone else on the market. Let us say that I’m running two different opt-in campaigns for the identical audience. Anyone who opts-in into the first effort is going to be tagged as”A” and anyone who opts-in to the next campaign will be tagged as”B”. If you do this again and again, you can create a strong business because you’ll constantly be split-testing to determine which types of individuals are worth more to your business. And getting this up and running is super-easy too. All you need to do is choose the pixel that Market Hero provides you and put it in the areas that you want to track. From that point, Market Hero will keep tabs on all your customers, sales, conversions, etc. to give you the information which you need to grow your business. I believe this is a smart move by Alex Becker since it shows that he understands his market. He knows that the people who are serious about making money on the internet are using things and he would like to be certain that his applications integrates. My only criticism is that a lot of the software I use, such as OptinMonster and Thrive Topics has not been put in the”integrations” tab. That does not mean that you CAN’T integrate thembecause you can (you utilize Zapier to make them talk to each other) but it is not quite as easy as something like ClickFunnels or even Shopify. The best way for me to explain it is that all of The other email autoresponders were created for marketers. Their thinking has its limits and I send emails although I’ve nothing against marketers that are email. Market Hero was built BY a business owner FOR business owners. Market Hero differs because it provides you with a lot of different approaches to help you track ROI and generate more profit from your own emails. For instance, among the coolest features is that it shows you how much each lead is worth. Imagine logging in to your email autoresponder and seeing that every guide is worth $6.87 to you. Meaning that you can go out and”purchase” email addresses to create money. Everything you do is that you purchase paid traffic from Google, Facebook, etc. and send that traffic into

redpajama

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an opt-in page. You have a business that is lucrative if you can get a successful than it’s worth. Wash and repeat as many times as possible. From what I have seen, certainly not. I think that At this time, Alex Becker has way too much to lose by being a scam artist. He is running various companies and he’s smart enough to understand that if he tarnished his reputation, he’d be screwed. From what I’ve seen, people have complained about his refund policy. However, these individuals are the ones who have utilized Market Hero for months and try to get their money back. These are the real scammers. If you are not willing to pay money for a service which can enhance your life and your organization, you are scum. Plain and simple. When I began composing this Market Hero review Was worried that it was likely to lean a bit too much towards Shopify entrepreneurs. That’s why I wish to stress this Market Hero can help you in ANY business, not simply Shopify. On his YouTube channel, Alex has posted a lot of different videos about Shopify. You find that he provides a whole lot of helpful info on the best way to make money with Shopify, once you get past the names. Part of this reason that he does so is because he needs to get folks to test out Market Hero because he knows it might help them with their Shopify company. For instance, Market Hero allows you to create abandoned cart strings. Whenever someone begins the checkout process in Shopify (by entering their email) but doesn’t finish it, that has monitored in Market Hero. From that point, you can follow up with that person and get them back to complete their purchase. Depending on the analysis which you read, the average cart abandonment rate for an online shop is usually somewhere in the neighborhood of 70-80%. Are there individuals with abandonment rates? Sure, but this is actually the typical. Imagine you have 100 people go through your checkout process and 80 of these people abandon your cart. This means you have 20 customers and 80 non-customers. What if a cart recovery sequence got a mere 10% of this non-customers to buy? The reason Market Hero is so powerful is because you can use tags and track LTV. When you link Market Hero to Shopify, it begins tracking immediately. Purchase tags are applied that show. Imagine that you have a Shopify store selling print-on-demand dog shirts. If someone bought a pug shirt, it would be silly to try and market Golden Retriever things to that person, right? But that is exactly what a lot of entrepreneurs do since they do not have the data in front of them. Because Market Hero enables you to determine exactly what the individual purchased, you can concentrate on selling just stuff. You are able to totally geek out on this stuff. You can get as detailed as intricate as you would like. In my own personal business, I use it to segment the topics that financial advisors are interested in. I do not need to bombard them with emails about GETTING customers, since they’d be immaterial Since I sell products that help advisors GET clients and help them KEEP customers, if a person is interested in KEEPING clients. This person would finally unsubscribe. Oh, and if you’re interested, here is a movie of Alex Becker showing you how you can increase your own Shopify sales 300 percent with Market Hero. Just keep in mind that Market Hero may be used with ANY business, not only Shopify. Market Hero is an email program that is awesome because It is built for people that are currently trying to earn money on the internet. In Case You Haven’t completed So go over there, import your listing and make the most of this complimentary trial.<|endoftext|>Q: uniform histograms in copula approach I would like to model some time series. For this purpose I have the marginal distribution and want to use a gaussian copula to build the dependency. Following a tutorial the following should give me the desired dependency structure with correct marginals library(mvtnorm) S <- matrix(c(0.025,0.0075,0.0075,0.007),2,2) normal <- rmvnorm(n = 1000,mean = c(4.1,2.08),sigma = S) uniform <- pnorm(normal) hist(uniform[,1]) hist(uniform[,2]) However, the histograms look not at all like a uniform distribution. What is wrong with the above code? The help of "rmvnorm" says sigma is the covariance matrix. Looking at other example in the web I see that often they use the correlation matrix. So what is expected by rmvnorm? Moreover, the covariance of uniform should stay the same. However, I get the following result: cov(uniform) [,1] [,2] [1,] 3.481586e-10 3.626536e-08 [2,] 3.626536e-08 1.440411e-05 > which varies a lot from the input matrix $S$. So whats going wrong here? A: Your error is in the usage of pnorm. pnorm is used to calculate the CDF (or by default, 1- CDF) $F(q)$ for a standard normal. That is pnorm(q) is going to calculate $$u = P(X \geq q) $$ for when $X \sim N(0,1)$. However, in your example, your normal distributions are not mean 0 and variance 1. So you need to adjust your pnorms, like uniform <- matrix(NA, nrow = 1000, ncol = 2) S <- matrix(c(0.025,0.0075,0.0075,0.007),2,2) normal <- rmvnorm(n = 1000, mean = c(4.1,2.08),sigma = S) uniform[,1] <- pnorm(normal[,1], mean = 4.1, sd = sqrt(.025)) uniform[,2] <- pnorm(normal[,2], mean = 2.08, sd = sqrt(.007)) hist(uniform[,1]) hist(uniform[,2]) The r-bloggers code worked because they used mean 0 and unit variance in their rmvnorm. It has nothing to do with correlation matrix. <|endoftext|>We are beyond thrilled to announce that we have been awarded funding by the Wimbledon Foundation’s new Arts and Community Engagement Fund (ACE) to create our next Merton Street Opera! Following on from the success of Drifting Dragons (2016) and Cosi Fan Tutte (2017) we are now re-imagining Johann Strauss’ Die Fledermaus for free unticketed high street performances enabling everyone to experience high quality professional opera for free. Die Fledermaus is a hugely fun, often silly story with some brilliant characters and very catchy tunes. We know it’s going to be great fun adapting this for modern high street performances – like our previous productions, in English, approximately one hour in duration with scenes popping up in shops, pubs, supermarkets and libraries! Die Fledermaus means ‘The Revenge of the Bat’ but in our modern version Bat Man may play a role! The music has some waltzes this time round so hope you fancy waltzing down the high street with us! The amazing ACE fund over 2018-2019 will enable us not only to adapt Die Fledermaus for the high street and present the free unticketed performances across Merton and Wandsworth but also allows us to continue and develop our extensive outreach programme teaching even more young people across South London about opera and engaging even more elderly who may not be able to follow our promenade performance live along the high street. But not only are we are looking forward to these workshops for local schools and community lunch clubs, but we are particularly excited that as an extension of our previous outreach we are able to offer two local young people’s groups, one primary and one secondary, an opportunity to create their own version of Die Fledermaus working with a professional Director and Musical Director over an extended period of time. Partnering again with the brilliant Merton Music Foundation and local children’s charity Jigsaw4u we are thrilled to be able to offer this exciting opportunity to these two groups. So now we’re going to be hard at work planning Die Fledermaus so our next street opera project can be even bigger and better than before! We’ll keep you updated with developments as we go along – firstly getting cracking on cutting the opera down to an hour, adapting the story for modern life suitable to be performed along the high street, and re-writing the music and libretto! Speaking of which we are delighted to tell you that this will be by our same team as for Cosi Fan Tutte – the talented Leo Geyer re-writing the music and Baseless Fabric Artistic Director Joanna Turner re-writing the libretto (words). A huge thank you to the Wimbledon Foundation for this fantastic opportunity and to the support of all of our followers. It’s an exciting time for the Baseless Fabric team!<|endoftext|>Your large breed puppy is unique and his feeding requirements will vary with his environment, age and activity. ORIJEN Puppy Large provides more calories from protein and fat and fewer from carbohydrates, providing a calorie distribution that mirrors the natural puppy diet, reducing the risk of obesity and diabetes. Metabolizable Energy is 3720 kcal/kg (446 kcal per 250ml/120g

redpajama

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Q: Escaping HTML for JLabel I would like to display an unsafe text (from user) in a HTML-enabled JLabel, for example <html><p>Unsafe user input here</p></html>. What should I do to escape the user supplied string data to fit into my HTML enabled environment without causing any troubles? A: Based on Which characters need to be escaped on HTML? I propose the following code: public class SimpleEscaping { private static final Pattern[] patterns = new Pattern[]{ Pattern.compile("&"), Pattern.compile("<"), Pattern.compile(">") }; private static final String[] replacements = { "&", "<", ">" }; public static String escapeHTML(String input) { for (int i = 0; i < patterns.length; i++) input = patterns[i].matcher(input).replaceAll(replacements[i]); return input; } } <|endoftext|>Never seen a motion comic before? Well, here’s as good a start as any: Watchmen: The Complete Motion Comic. What can I say about Watchmen that hasn’t already been said? Many consider it the greatest graphic novel ever produced – and I’d definitely put it near the top. Many people complained that the film based on it last year was too slavishly dedicated to the source material. Well, this practically is the source material, frame for frame (with only the copyrighted score references missing, replacing the background music with original compositions). The motion comic lets you see the action fold out as it happens, providing a more fluid experience than a panel-by-panel depiction. The biggest drawback is that the voice acting, unlike most motion comics, is all done by a single narrator. And I mean all of it. Seriously, try not to cringe the first time Laurie starts speaking, and you’ll get over it pretty soon. But at any rate, here’s an excellent free way to experience the entire series if you never have before, and an interesting way to see it again if you have. The moving pictures constantly draw your attentions to all the little details lovingly crafted by Dave Gibbons in the original graphic novel (which you may have missed the first time) and that in itself is a real treat. All these moving pictures giving you motion sickness? Well, DC Comics has the first issue of Watchmen available for free. That’s 1 of 12, by the way, so if you’re aching for more, you’ll have to go out to the bookstore, the video store, your local comic shop, the library… heck, this is probably the easiest comic book story to find anywhere. And of course there’s always TheWB.com’s motion comic. Who Watches the Watchmen? We all do! This is actually a million times better than I thought it would be. I tend to read a lot faster than this, so sometimes that’s painful, but I was surprised at how natural the moving art felt – I figured it would be a lot lot worse. Oh, the motion comics animators do an astounding job with every DC property- some time in the future, I’ll write an article for another free one.<|endoftext|>Research at Palomar is conducted by astronomers from all over the world. Many are based in Southern California at Caltech and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Others are from domestic partners such as Yale University, the American Museum of Natural History, and the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. International Palomar Partners include the Weizmann Institute of Science and the National Astronomical Observatories of China. Current Palomar-based research spans the complete spectrum of astronomical topics, from studies in our own Solar System, all the way to galactic formation, dynamics, and the cosmic web. While Palomar remains a competitive research facility, astronomers working there cannot help but be humbled by the tradition of discovery established by legendary figures such as George Hale, Edwin Hubble, Jesse Greenstein, Allan Sandage, and Maarten Schmidt.<|endoftext|>Don’t want to get caught out with a flat battery on a cold and dreary morning? We can help keep you fully charged. Your car battery is an important element of your car, it is a source of energy to start your ignition and it provides power to car accessories. Other than your car battery being dead and not being able to start your car, the other signs your battery is on the way out include; corrosion and stains around the battery terminals and age. Short trip driving or infrequent car use generally give a battery less time to re-charge, making it more likely to go flat. Repco Authorised Service centres are battery experts and will always give sound advice. We have a large range of batteries to suit any type of vehicle so we are always prepared for that emergency flat battery disaster. When you bring your car in for a service we can also use the latest diagnostic equipment to test your battery. If you think you car is in need of a re-charge visit your local Repco Authorised Service, we can test and replace batteries. Book an appointment with your local service centre today. At Repco Authorised Service all parts and servicing come with a nationwide warranty. You can rest easy knowing that we back our work with this extensive guarantee and that with 450 Repco Authorised Service centres Australia wide you are never far from help. Did you know that scrap batteries contain hazardous materials which, if not disposed of properly, can potentially be harmful to humans, pets, wildlife and the environment. The good news is that 99% of a battery is recyclable! Repco Authorised Service take environmental protection seriously, so we choose to partner with Century Yussa for battery recycling. Century Yussa are a respected Australian battery manufacturer who have an excellent recycling program. By recycling scrap batteries Repco Authorised Service is helping to prevent harm to people, animals and the environment, saving energy and reducing landfill. Our scrap batteries are delivered to specialist recycling centres where components are reclaimed and recycled to use in the manufacture of a range of products, including new batteries. Keeping your battery clean is important to ensure it has a long life.<|endoftext|>Oops! Well, nobody's perfect, and if you've been bad and have to stay after school for punishment, you'll be cute and get lots of attention in this tiny skirt and matching tie-top blouse that bares the midriff. The collar and the white sleeves of the blouse are trimmed in blue and green tartan plaid.<|endoftext|>One of the priorities we have at OpenERP s.a. is usability! In this extent, we have developed another feature that we believe will simplify the use of your configuration in OpenERP. How did we make this be possible? First of all, we grouped the configuration in one single place and simplified the screen by giving you the freedom to decide what you want use and what you want to see. In former versions of OpenERP, the user had to change his interface, by switching between simplified and extended, then install modules, and/or add groups to users. As a user, you were really not offered many choices and sometimes had to use some features that you didn't need. Now, each application has its own configuration defined in one form. All those forms are in the menu Settings of OpenERP. The configuration form gives the users options to select from and apply immediately. Once done, the system is configured immediately Let's see how this is done with and example of a Sales Order. You want to manage discount - Select the option "Discount". You want Pricelist - Select the option "Pricelist per Customer". you invoice on deliveries - Select invoicing method "Based on Deliveries". The selected items in the configuration form will install the needed modules, add the necessary groups to users, or set some default values. It also makes pricelists and discount visible in sale orders, and configure the system to generate invoice after deliveries. You did not check "Allow Different Units of Measure", so you don't see units of measure in your sale order or product views. http://loveawake.ru/ - Знакомства в Трубчевске. Сайт знакомств в Трубчевске бесплатно, без регистрации, для серьезных отношений.<|endoftext|>French Ducretet Model 80C Radio. French UNIC 801 set - Equivalent valves? Roberts R900 Any good? Capacitor Block Rebuild; HMV 470. Identity of this radio case? (Premier, Little Maestro etc).<|endoftext|>Q: Configuring VMWare Server 2.0 with an HTTP proxy I have configured a VMWare 2.0 server with a guest OS (Ubuntu Linux) and my host OS is Windows XP. My XP machine connects to the Internet via an HTTP proxy. I wanted the guest OS in VMWare to have access to the Internet as well. The VM created has the network adapter set to NAT. I haven't really specified any other settings for the network for this VM (just followed the wizard). When I try to open a website in the guest OS, it asks me for the HTTP authentication. I don't have to do this when using the host OS. Does anybody know what could be wrong? A: If you have an HTTP proxy on your network, your guest OS and apps in the guest will have to be setup to use it just like you did with host

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Псевдонимы ========= Псевдонимы используются для обозначения путей к файлам или URL адресов и помогают избежать использования абсолютных путей или URL в коде. Для того, чтобы не перепутать псевдоним с обычным путём к файлу или URL, он должен начинаться с `@`. В Yii имеется множество заранее определённых псевдонимов. Например, `@yii` указывает на директорию, в которую был установлен Yii framework, а `@web` можно использовать для получения базового URL текущего приложения. Создание псевдонимов <span id="defining-aliases"></span> ---------------------------------------------- Для создания псевдонима пути к файлу или URL используется метод [[Yii::setAlias()]]: ```php // псевдоним пути к файлу Yii::setAlias('@foo', '/path/to/foo'); // псевдоним URL Yii::setAlias('@bar', 'http://www.example.com'); // псевдоним конкретного файла, содержащего класс \foo\Bar Yii::setAlias('@foo/Bar.php', '/definitely/not/foo/Bar.php'); ``` > Note: псевдоним пути к файлу или URL *не* обязательно указывает на существующий файл или ресурс. Используя уже заданный псевдоним, вы можете получить на основе него новый без вызова [[Yii::setAlias()]]. Сделать это можно, добавив в его конец `/`, за которым следует один или более сегментов пути. Псевдонимы, определённые при помощи [[Yii::setAlias()]], являются *корневыми псевдонимами*, в то время как полученные из них называются *производными псевдонимами*. К примеру, `@foo` является корневым псевдонимом, а `@foo/bar/file.php` — производным. Вы можете задать новый псевдоним, используя ранее созданный псевдоним (не важно, корневой он или производный): ```php Yii::setAlias('@foobar', '@foo/bar'); ``` Корневые псевдонимы, как правило, создаются на этапе [предварительной загрузки (bootstrapping)](runtime-bootstrapping.md). Например, вы можете вызвать [[Yii::setAlias()]] в [входном скрипте](structure-entry-scripts.md). Для удобства, в [приложении (Application)](structure-applications.md) предусмотрено свойство `aliases`, которое можно задать через [конфигурацию приложения](concept-configurations.md): ```php return [ //... 'aliases' => [ '@foo' => '/path/to/foo', '@bar' => 'http://www.example.com', ], ]; ``` Преобразование псевдонимов <span id="resolving-aliases"></span> ---------------------------------------------------- Метод [[Yii::getAlias()]] преобразует корневой псевдоним в путь к файлу или URL, который этот псевдоним представляет. Этот же метод может работать и с производными псевдонимами: ```php echo Yii::getAlias('@foo'); // выведет: /path/to/foo echo Yii::getAlias('@bar'); // выведет: http://www.example.com echo Yii::getAlias('@foo/bar/file.php'); // выведет: /path/to/foo/bar/file.php ``` Путь или URL, представленный производным псевдонимом, определяется путём замены в нём части, соответствующей корневому псевдониму, на соответствующий ему путь или URL. > Note: Метод [[Yii::getAlias()]] не проверяет фактического существования получаемого пути или URL. Корневой псевдоним может содержать знаки '/'. При этом метод [[Yii::getAlias()]] корректно определит, какая часть псевдонима является корневой и верно сформирует путь или URL: ```php Yii::setAlias('@foo', '/path/to/foo'); Yii::setAlias('@foo/bar', '/path2/bar'); Yii::getAlias('@foo/test/file.php'); // выведет: /path/to/foo/test/file.php Yii::getAlias('@foo/bar/file.php'); // выведет: /path2/bar/file.php ``` Если бы `@foo/bar` не был объявлен корневым псевдонимом, последняя строка вывела бы `/path/to/foo/bar/file.php`. Использование псевдонимов <span id="using-aliases"></span> ------------------------------------------------ Псевдонимы распознаются во многих частях Yii без необходимости предварительно вызывать [[Yii::getAlias()]] для получения пути или URL. Например, [[yii\caching\FileCache::cachePath]] принимает как обычный путь к файлу, так и псевдоним пути благодаря префиксу `@`, который позволяет их различать. ```php use yii\caching\FileCache; $cache = new FileCache([ 'cachePath' => '@runtime/cache', ]); ``` Для того, чтобы узнать поддерживает ли метод или свойство псевдонимы, обратитесь к документации API. Заранее определённые псевдонимы <span id="predefined-aliases"></span> ---------------------------------------------------------- В Yii заранее определены псевдонимы для часто используемых путей к файлам и URL: - `@yii`: директория, в которой находится файл `BaseYii.php` (директория фреймворка). - `@app`: [[yii\base\Application::basePath|базовый путь]] текущего приложения. - `@runtime`: [[yii\base\Application::runtimePath|директория runtime]] текущего пр

redpajama

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иложения. - `@vendor`: [[yii\base\Application::vendorPath|директория vendor Composer]]. - `@webroot`: вебрут текущего веб приложения (там где находится [входной скрипт](structure-entry-scripts.md) `index.php`). - `@web`: базовый URL текущего приложения. Псевдоним `@yii` задаётся в момент подключения файла `Yii.php` во [входном скрипте](structure-entry-scripts.md). Остальные псевдонимы задаются в конструкторе приложения в момент применения [конфигурации](concept-configurations.md). Псевдонимы расширений <span id="extension-aliases"></span> ------------------------------------------------ Для каждого [расширения](structure-extensions.md), устанавливаемого через Composer, автоматически задаётся псевдоним. Его имя соответствует корневому пространству имён расширения в соответствии с его `composer.json`. Псевдоним представляет путь к корневой директории пакета. Например, если вы установите расширение `yiisoft/yii2-jui`, то вам автоматически станет доступен псевдоним `@yii/jui`. Он создаётся на этапе [первоначальной загрузки (bootstrapping)](runtime-bootstrapping.md) примерно так: ```php Yii::setAlias('@yii/jui', 'VendorPath/yiisoft/yii2-jui'); ``` <|endoftext|>Q: Trigger Camera on Google Glass I want to have a way to trigger the camera on Google Glass right after I get in (e.g., "Ok Glass", "App", ) but I cannot find any similar examples online. Any idea how to trigger this? Also, currently when I try to create a new Android project it will be the default Hello World, is there a template for Google Glass? A: On Ok glass you can write like - String fileUri ="file:///mnt/sdcard/Pictures/" ; Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, fileUri); // file:///mnt/sdcard/Pictures/MyCameraApp/IMG_20130812_105617.jpg startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PICTURE_REQUEST); Then you have to call - protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { if (requestCode == TAKE_PICTURE_REQUEST && resultCode == RESULT_OK) { String picturePath = data.getStringExtra( CameraManager.EXTRA_PICTURE_FILE_PATH); } super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } It will work. A: If you want to launch the built-in camera application immediately at the beginning of your application, you can call startActivityForResult with an intent whose action is MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE inside your initial activity's onCreate method. (But note the differences between Android and Glass with respect to how the captured photo is returned; see the Glass Camera class Javadoc for more details.) Eclipse and Android Studio do not currently have any special support to generate Glass projects out of the box. A: You can use my sample Camera Snapshot on GitHub. It does exactly what you're asking. Here it is: https://github.com/dazza222/GlassCameraSnapshot <|endoftext|>Q: Youtube caption converter force closes application in Android I have integrated youtube in an kitkat android application. On clicking the caption converter option the application force closes the application. Gives exception as: 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: String resource ID #0x7f0a0108 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.content.res.Resources.getText(Resources.java:274) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:277) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at eqv.a(SourceFile:39) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at adu.f(SourceFile:580) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at aid.run(SourceFile:251) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5312) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:901) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:696) Please help.. If it is not possible to solve how can the caption be disabled? A: One possible cause is that you have resources for different human languages, and the string is missing for one of the languages. Another possible cause is that you use a library, the library code tries to find some resource IDs, but the library code has no access to the original library resources and tries to find the ID in your resources... I have seen such a problem a while ago, at that moment I could not find a reasonable solution. Try this: Replace (or "Override") String in Android Library Project PS In the log I see: 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:277) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at eqv.a(SourceFile:39) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at adu.f(SourceFile:580) 02-09 15:07:44.602: E/AndroidRuntime(8691): at aid.run(SourceFile:251) What are the mentioned functions from SourceFile? <|endoftext|>Josep Maria Terricabras i Nogueras ( Calella, 1946) é um filósofo, professor e político catalão. Ele foi eleito Membro do Parlamento Europeu (MEP) pela Esquerda Republicana da Catalunha nas eleições de 2014 para o Parlamento Europeu. Filósofos da Catalunha Pessoas vivas Nascidos em 1946 Políticos da Espanha<|endoftext|>Freezer cooking can be a huge help for those busy (or lazy!) days when cooking from scratch isn’t an option. However, it can be super intimidating to get started. What recipes should you try? Do you the time and energy to devote to a full day of freezer cooking? If so, can you really afford to pay for all those groceries in advance? Is it worth the effort to prepare freezer meals if you can’t do it all in one big day? Let’s erase some of that intimidation with these tips, and you can start filling your freezer for your busy (or lazy) days. 1)

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Use Recipes You Already Love – There are many places online where you can find freezer friendly recipes, but start by looking at recipes you already make and love. The last thing you want to do is invest your time and money into a freezer meal that you end up hating! 2) Start Small with Batch Cooking – Batch cooking is when you double a recipe, eat one batch that day, and freeze the other batch for later. Making a double batch of a dish usually doesn’t take that much extra time. It is a great way to sneak freezer cooking into your regular meal prep. Every time I make curried lentils, I double it for my freezer. 3) Freeze Part of a Meal – The whole meal doesn’t need to be waiting for you in the freezer, and it is okay to add some of the ingredients fresh. I have doubled a batch of chicken fried rice before and froze half of it as a kit. I chopped all the veggies and chicken, added the spices, and put a note on the bag with what additional ingredients I would need to add fresh. I also like doing this with smoothies and honey mustard baked chicken. 4) Gather Inspiration From Sales – Buying a ton of groceries for a freezer cooking day can be expensive, but it helps if you keep an eye out for sales. I love my discount grocery store, and was inspired to try homemade smoothie kits when I discovered they had frozen fruit in stock. Don’t be afraid to give freezer cooking a try! Just maybe you’ll end up loving it so much that you decide to devote an entire day to freezer cooking. If so, check out my 10 Tips for a Successful Freezer Cooking Day. How often do you try freezer cooking? Have you devoted a whole day or do you prefer batch cooking? Just watched your freezer scope! I’ve heard you on Sorta Awesome and about you from Stacy (Love her!). I’m awaiting the arrival of my baby #4 also and I have 6 to 9 weeks to get my freezer full of meals : ) thanks for these tips!! Can’t wait to try some of your recipes! Congrats on the new little one coming your way! A new baby is the BEST motivation for freezer cooking. Have you ever experimented with it before? New this this blog, I’m preggers with my first little one. I am VERY interested in freezer cooking I want to prep several meals before this little guys joins the party in January. How long do freezer meals usually stay good? I am guilty of putting stuff in the freezer and never touching it again, I need to break that habit! Honestly, I’m not too sure what are the exact rules. I think you could find experts saying that things should be used anywhere from within 3 months to a year. I date what I put in the freezer, but usually I don’t put much of a time limit on myself to use the items. It is pretty easy for me to use things up within a year. I don’t think you’ll have any problems with that especially with you having a baby. Trust me. You’ll want to use those meals after he is born! Congrats!! Such great tips here! Thanks for sharing.<|endoftext|> # **INNER SPEED SECRETS** **MENTAL STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE YOUR RACING PERFORMANCE** **ROSS BENTLEY** **RONN LANGFORD** ## _Contents_ Acknowledgments Foreword Introduction How This Book is Organized Chapter 1 Performance Chapter 2 The Ultimate Management System Chapter 3 Your Brain's Software Chapter 4 Brain Wave States Chapter 5 Mental Imagery Chapter 6 Brain Surgery Chapter 7 Sensory Input Chapter 8 Thoughts Chapter 9 Belief System Chapter 10 State of Mind Chapter 11 Personality Traits Chapter 12 Focus Chapter 13 Decision Making Chapter 14 Psychomotor Skills Chapter 15 The Care and Feeding of the Brain Chapter 16 Learning Chapter 17 Coaching Chapter 18 Skills and Techniques Chapter 19 Inner Race Driving Chapter 20 "One" Appendix A Personal Performance Program Appendix B Inner Speed Secrets Appendix C Recommended Reading About the Authors Index ## _Acknowledgments_ First of all, I would like to once again thank everyone whom I acknowledged in my first book, _Speed Secrets_. Your input, motivation and support were the keys to that book, which obviously has led to this one. Of course, thank you to everyone who made _Speed Secrets_ a success by purchasing it. I really want to thank Ronn Langford, my mental coach and coauthor, for setting me on a path that has developed my abilities as a race driver and coach better than I ever would have without him. What I've learned in working with Ronn through the years, and particularly on this book, will help me throughout the rest of my life. Thank you to everyone who helped in the development of this book—all those people who took the time to proofread, edit, provide feedback, and give encouragement. Also, to MBI Publishing, thank you for taking on both this book and _Speed Secrets_. While doing research for this book, and for my own interest, I have read many books on subjects related to what Ronn and I discuss here. Most of them are listed in the Recommended Reading list in Appendix C. I would like to thank the authors of those books—they have helped me learn a lot. Over the past few years, I've had the opportunity to work very closely with a number of race drivers. In providing personal coaching, I've been able to use them as test subjects for all the strategies presented in this book. I specifically want to thank Bob, Chris, Tim, Ryan, Jeffrey, and Lee for their openness and willingness to strive to be even better race drivers. I'm sure they didn't mind being my guinea pigs, as I imagine they enjoyed the improvements they made as much as I did. Next to what I've learned about applying _Inner Speed Secrets_ from coaching race drivers, I've learned almost as much from my daughter, Michelle. I dedicate this book to her, and hope she enjoys her personal performance in whatever endeavors she chooses throughout her life as much as I will enjoy observing her. And finally, thanks again to my wife, Robin, for all her support, assistance, and dedication. _—Ross Bentley_ For several years, I have wanted to put all of the concepts that I have been privileged to learn and work with into a book. But when you're really focused upon your life purpose, it's easy to just put it on a back burner. So for several years, I worked on parts and pieces of this book and conducted some high-performance seminars just for the fun of it. Then last year, Ross, who had just completed his book _Speed Secrets_, asked me about writing a book together, and calling it _Inner Speed Secrets_. It would be about the concepts that Ross and I have taught and worked with for many years, and, from Ross' perspective, how to implement the concepts at the highest potential level. Ross has done this over the past several years, and is experientially knowledgeable about the concepts. We outlined the book and submitted it for consideration for publication. And sure enough, there was interest. So, I would first like to acknowledge Ross and his commitment to kicking me in the rear and getting the job done. Otherwise, it would never have been finished. In addition, there are many others who have been my teachers and mentors over the years, far too many to name. Some of you know who you are—for others, we'll talk about it in the future. I would like to acknowledge specifically some who have taught me so much—Anthony Robbins, Dr. Paul Dennison, and Dr. Carla Hannaford. Most of all, I would like to acknowledge the people I have been given the opportunity to work with, who have taught me more than all others combined. Gabe, Toni, Rita, Wes, and other clients who have had serious traumatic brain injuries and other debilitating conditions—they have taught me so much about what human potential really means, even after top neurologists had given up on them. I would also like to dedicate this book to my daughter, Dorri. Dorri was a beautiful young woman, just graduated from high school and on her life path, when she was killed by a drunken driver. As a result, my personal mission was totally changed and my life was led into a unique and meaningful purpose. And to Dani, my soul mate and life partner. You really complete me! _—Ronn Langford_ ## _Foreword_ Nearly everyone who has set foot to gas pedal has thought at some time that all he really needed to be up there with Fangio, Moss, Senna, and Schumacher, would be a really fast car, some practice, and a little luck. Indeed, those items are helpful, even necessary, but if you are making out a wish list to see you to a championship, don't put them at the top. First, you'll need an appropriate physical and neurological make-up. Every endeavor requires a certain basic set of tools, both innate and learned. Michael Jordan's genetic code predisposed him to be a greater success playing above the rim than,

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say, riding Derby winners. Julia Child was similarly destined to be more successful with a bain-marie than a pas de deux. Like an uncarved block, you came into this world, potentialities to be realized (or not.) The happenstances of your life and your environment roughed in the shape. You refined that with ever more precise tools. You watched. You did. You learned. Gradually, you formed from the formless. And now here you are. Interest, propensity, and circumstances have placed you on a starting grid, the shriek of engines dulled slightly by your earplugs. Your eyes are keen (or artfully corrected). Your heart rate is optimized by training and experience. You are ready for the flag to drop. What sets you apart from the others also waiting? You may differ in innate abilities. Some are more blessed than others. But you may differ more by how fully you have developed those abilities that are specific to this odd commotion of competing in a race car on a cast loop of roadway. And most important, because the differences are the greatest, where those tires nudge the staggered chalk lines, your ability is measured by how fully you have integrated your body, soul, and mind with a clarity of intent. Truth be told, any fool can go fast. It takes something more to go very fast. To go faster still, to be among the fastest, takes the most careful burnishing of all that has come to you by nature and all that you have learned. Sometimes those endowed with all that nature can muster are able to coast on the early, easy successes of what they came with. To do well, they are not pressed to sharpen and particularize their talents. "Cursed with a flair," a friend of mine called it, as he looked back on the moments of flashy brilliance in an otherwise unrealized life. His successes came easily, so he was never moved to work for rewards beyond the immediate horizon. Probably you've known at least one driver who basked in early triumphs, whose natural talents later had the doors blown off by someone who cosseted a lesser legacy. He didn't know that the tortoise and the hare would be on the midterm. It is now a sports cliché that the mental game is the real game. But clichés become clichés because of the truth within them. As you sit on that grid, as you fall in behind the pace car, your mind is the designated driver, whether you recognize it or not. It is best that it be well prepared. In 1975, when I wrote a book called _The Centered Skier_, my elevating the emotional and intellectual aspects of the sport to the same importance as the physical was dismissed as woo-woo stuff. When I taught guided fantasies and visualization, eyes rolled heavenward. So imagine my delight in finding that woo-woo stuff all these years later embraced as rock solid basics in Ronn and Ross' wonderful book. Hey, these guys get it! Furthermore, they have enlarged it and codified it. They can explain it and teach it, and they have made it practical, graspable, feasible, and readily available to you. Just as with the secret of skiing, the great thing about the secret of speed is: It isn't secret! Had I gone on to write, say, _The Centered Driver_, I would hope that it would be _Inner Speed Secrets_. Welcome this book. Embrace it. Breathe it in and make it yours. Godspeed. — _Denise McCluggage_ ## _Introduction_ Do you want to maximize your performance as a race driver on a consistent basis? Do you want to understand how and why the superstars of the sport consistently perform at such a high level? What driver wouldn't? If you are like most race drivers, there are some practice or qualifying sessions or races when everything goes just right, when you are magic in the car, when you're in the flow. And there are other times when nothing seems to go right, when you are decidedly not in the flow. Why is that? Why are there times in your job, your recreation or hobby, or your personal life, when everything you try works and other times when nothing works? Most of us remember some of these moments, but we have no idea why things happen the way they do. Is it something you ate, something you were wearing, something you or someone else said? Is it physical? Is it the car? Or is it mental? Well, all of these things can play a role in how well you drive, but the prime overall factor determining your performance level in and out of the race car is mental. Unfortunately, most of us just don't have a very clear understanding of what _mental_ means. Professional athletes in many sports have been working with sports psychologists for several years. But only recently have race drivers begun to work on strategies for the mind. Visual processing skills, psychomotor response times, dynamic awareness, muscle response and control, and so on are finally being recognized as no less critical components than the engineering and setup of a race car Most race drivers and their teams, whether amateur or professional, spend the off season trying to get the race car more competitive—trying to develop more horsepower, trying to get better balance and handling, and trying to get the thing to stop. They spend serious dollars on developing the car, but they seldom spend anything on developing the driver. Almost every type of automobile racing, with the possible exception of a few of the spec series, demands cubic dollars in order to be competitive. Formula One, Indy Cars, NASCAR, Le Mans/Prototypes, GT and Touring Cars, Indy Lights, Formula Atlantic, etc., have become bottomless pits into which international currencies are thrown. Even at the SCCA club racing level, as many dollars as one can afford (and sometimes more) are spent on the race car. And yet, most invest few dollars and little effort on the primary determinant of their performance and success—the primary management system of the race car, the driver. And the ultimate management system of the driver is, of course, the mind. When we talk, tongue-in-cheek, about the importance of the mental game, we really need to understand that the mind is the cause of our performance in a race car. _All racing drivers at a certain level are given a gift from God, a natural talent. The fellows who are very good, and turn out to be exceptional, exercise that talent to the fullest extent through management of the mind._ **—Jackie Stewart** At times, most of us have experienced being "in the flow" or "in the zone." It is effortless. It is easy. It is a feeling of total connection. It is not accomplished by trying harder, or by willpower. In fact, for most of us this creates anxiety, and anxiety in any form slows down the mental processing within the brain and the communication to the rest of the body. It also creates immediate changes in body chemistry, which substantially inhibit our ability to access our skills. Along with providing one-on-one race driver coaching, we conduct a seminar called _Inner Speed Secrets_. The seminar has been presented in two Sports Car Club of America National Conventions and dozens of cities throughout North America, and the concepts are now being used by race car drivers at all levels across the United States and Canada. Psychologists, psychiatrists, coaches, athletes, surgeons, nurses, parents, teachers, attorneys, all types of business people, and professional race drivers have participated in this seminar, and have been amazed at the results in their performance level behind the wheel of the race car, and in their personal and professional lives. In addition to thousands of race drivers, we have had the opportunity to work with other athletes, including World Cup soccer players, Olympic-level cyclists, skiers, and others. We have also worked with many people who have had a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or other debilitating disease, as well as young people with various learning difficulties. We have gained a unique perspective and an opportunity to develop, experiment, and observe the effects of specific strategies. These are intended to increase an individual's performance level—especially in a highly competitive racing environment. And most important, we have been able to hear about the results. A few years ago, Ronn concluded a seminar at Sears Point with a one-and-one-half-hour track session. Fourteen participants, many of whom were running in professional series, cut at least a half-second off their personal-best lap time. A few even cut two seconds off—and this was on their home track! In addition, all drivers were able to identify a list of personal, specific objectives that they believed would help them increase their overall performance in the race car, and together they developed strategies for them to be able to make these changes. This included working on everything from concentration, focus, and consistency, to learning how to program better behavioral decisions and control emotions. So, just how important is the mind in racing? In the past, most drivers used will power and wishful thinking, rather than realistic strategies with the objective of becoming an elite-level athlete. Race drivers have had a tendency to operate more on testosterone than on strategies. Then athletes such as Jack Nicklaus, Larry Bird, Bill Russell, Michael Jordan, Carl Lewis, Mike Powell, Ayrton Senna, Emerson Fittipaldi, and Michael Schumacher started implementing performance and superlearning strategies, using visualization techniques, and more. They started to learn how to develop the assets they already had. Our goal here is to

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help you determine why you sometimes perform at your highest level, and what stops you from performing at your best. You can look at performance as if it were two sides of the same coin. On one side, what can I do to increase my performance level? On the other side, what can I not do that decreases my performance level? From there, it should be relatively simple to develop a strategy to enable you to perform consistently at your highest level. Ultimately, we want to find the cause of good—even great—performance. If you can identify what causes great performance, then you can replicate that (i.e., what you can do that will induce "being in the zone"). And if you know what causes "bad" performance, you can make the necessary changes to avoid that. ## _How This Book is Organized_ Throughout this book we will suggest specific strategies (planned processes used to achieve a goal) that you can use to improve your performance behind the wheel of a race car. Without a strategy, you rarely make any constructive changes. This will include specific strategies for left/right brain integration, brain/body integration, visual integration, balance, mental preparation, building a belief system for the desired state of mind, at-track mental exercises, learning new techniques and tracks, and more. It will then be up to you to select the appropriate strategies and incorporate them into your own Personal Performance Plan. We wanted the topics presented in this book to be easy to implement. After all, you can have all the information in the world, but if you don't do anything with it, your performance will never improve. For that reason, Appendix A is a very important part of _Inner Speed Secrets_. Appendix A is a list of all the specific strategies presented throughout the book. It is designed for you to pick and choose your very own Personal Performance Program—an overall program consisting of all the strategies you decide to use. Of course, you will need to read the first 20 chapters to gain the full understanding, and therefore motivation, to implement these strategies. _The real key to winning races is not the race car, but you, the driver. And the key to your performance—whether you win or lose—is your mind._ We admit that you may feel a bit awkward or uncomfortable at first using some of the strategies we suggest here. Don't worry; you're not the only one. However, there are ways and places to do them where you won't feel that way. And, we're sure once you start performing at your very best on a consistent basis, everyone around you will want to know what your secret is. You can decide then if you want to show them your tools—your inner speed secrets. Some of the strategies we suggest will not seem or feel _right_ to you, while others will. Use the ones that feel right immediately, and try the others every now and then, and make note of the changes in your performance over time. Just because a strategy doesn't feel right or seem to be making a difference, doesn't mean you should dismiss it completely. The more strategies you use on a regular basis, the better a race driver you will be. Although we will be looking at a variety of concepts and performance strategies separately, they are all interrelated. We can separate them into chapters for discussion purposes, but it is impossible to separate them functionally. By the end of the book we hope to tie everything together, and that it will all make sense to you. We all know that one of the necessary ingredients for each of us to do anything is motivation. There are no quick, easy fixes. We do not have a pill that will quickly increase your performance level, nor a pill to give anyone motivation. Motivation is self-directed; it comes from your inner self making a decision to implement, to follow through, to work to change the way that you do things. This requires a commitment. Motivation and commitment can be developed more easily when you believe that what you are doing will actually be effective. This belief, however, is subject to your understanding of the process. Without the understanding, few people will accept the strategies. That is why we will explain the why and how in this book. The better you understand the concepts, the stronger your belief in their effectiveness will be, and the stronger your motivation will be to use them. Evidence of some success is also necessary to provide continued motivation. But without implementing these strategies, there can be no evidence. We have all heard people say "I tried that once, and it didn't work." And, "I knew it wouldn't work!" If you witnessed the success we've achieved with other race drivers—some of your competitors—you would have all the evidence and motivation you need. You may be able to argue about the theory of something, but when you see and experience the results, there is no argument. Once you begin to use these strategies, you will experience firsthand the results and gain all the motivation you need to continue. By the way, throughout this book we will refer to the race driver as "he." This is in no way meant to imply women cannot drive race cars. It is used only for simplicity's sake. In fact, we often prefer coaching women, because they are usually more open to the learning process. Many men think they already know everything, at least about driving and maybe one other subject. This book is meant to be a tool for successful race drivers. How would you feel if the mechanic preparing your race car learned all the most up-to-date technical performance-enhancing aspects of the car, bought all the latest tools and equipment, and then left them all back at the shop? It's exactly the same with this book—it is a tool. If you don't use it, it won't help you win more races. Simple as that. And trust us, many of your competitors are already using these tools. And no matter how much natural talent you have, it is what you do with it—how you develop it, and how often you access it all—that will determine how successful you are. Your inner speed secrets determine your performance level, and therefore, how often you win. _Somewhere, someone is practicing. And when you meet him in head to head competition, he will beat you!_ **—Anonymous** (found on a wall at a canoe racing club in Hilo, Hawaii) _Throughout this book we will be throwing a lot of interrelated information at you all at once, hoping to tie it all together by the end. It's a lot like trying to juggle 19 balls all at once while talking about each one individually, and then catching them all at the same time._ ## _**Chapter 1**_ _**Performance**_ Before we can get to what causes good and bad performance, we must first define and agree on exactly what performance is. Western culture, and particularly competitive people like race drivers, usually define or rate performance by the outcome—the result. In other words, our perspective of performance is usually viewed in the past tense. We look at the effect rather than the cause. If you win, you tend to think of that as a great performance. If you lose, that is bad performance. But is that really what performance is all about? Is that the right way of looking at it? It is certainly one way, but we'd like to ask you to look at it differently. Have you ever won a race after making a number of mistakes, knowing you could have done better? Was that a great performance? Have you ever finished 3rd, 5th, or even 10th, but felt you got everything possible out of your car on that day? Was that a bad performance? In other words, how many times have you performed at your own personal maximum or best, and yet not had a _great_ result, and vice versa? _Typically, your performance as a race driver lies somewhere on the spectrum between crummy and great. Wouldn't you prefer it to be great all the time?_ By the pure definition of the word, shouldn't performance be related to how you performed, rather than on the result you achieved? We think so. ### **_INNER SPEED SECRET #1_** **_Focus on your performance, not the result._** We need to have a much better understanding of what causes performance—especially the performance of the driver. The performance spectrum ranges from crummy to great. We usually operate somewhere in between. From day to day, our performance level can change, although we usually have no idea why. If it's not because our skill changes from one day to the next, it must be something else. There are many potential reasons, which is why it can be so challenging to perform at a high level on a consistent basis. #### **The Performance Model** Over the past several years, we have developed a model that we use with every program we teach. It allows us to look at performance differently, and attempt to understand what causes performance. We call it the Performance Model. Remember that we are using _performance_ in terms of _cause_. Your time and your finishing position are the effect, or the result. Your performance is what caused the result. This model gives us a way to see, experience, and understand the cause of performance. If we look at performance as a _cause_, then, and only then, can we define strategies. As an example, there are no cures for symptoms (effects), only remedies. We can give you two aspirin for a headache, and that may help with the symptom (pain). But it will not cure the cause of the headache. If we can identify the cause, then we might be

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320 ]

able to define a solution. If we can identify what causes you to perform at your highest level, we can develop a strategy. If we can identify what causes you to perform at your worst, we can develop strategies to avoid those causes. First, we must understand the process. Then we can isolate specific personal (individual) objectives and define strategies for specific objectives. We have all seen talented young drivers with the potential for reaching the elite level of motor racing, who were too aggressive, or had too little patience, were too rough on equipment, crashed too often, and never made it. People probably told them they were too aggressive, or needed more patience, or needed to save their car or tires, or crashed too often, and "not to do that." But it did no good! Why? Because it takes more than just saying "don't do that" to change a driver's mental programming. In other words, all they did was deal with the effect, not the cause. This type of change does not occur as the result of a conscious level process or awareness. Let's assume that a driver has a reputation for having little patience and being too aggressive—the result being that hundreds of thousands of dollars of equipment has been destroyed. And so the team owner tells him again and again, "Don't do that!" Understand that a conscious level discussion, or specific instruction by a team owner or driving coach, does not change anything. Why? Because when a driver gets into the car, he is (or should be) driving at the subconscious level. Nothing has been done to change his subconscious programming. The net result will continue to be the same. The Performance Model allows us to understand what causes performance. As we have said, we can look at performance as two sides of the same coin. First, what you can do to increase your performance level, and second, what you can not do that decreases your performance level. Most important, we will then define strategies that will help to make the necessary changes. Your real goal is to get 100 percent out of yourself—to perform at your maximum level. To do that in auto racing, you must first separate yourself (perceptually) from the car, because as you know, your results are often dictated by the competitiveness of your car. ### **_INNER SPEED SECRET #2_** _**The goal is to get 100 percent out of yourself.**_ For the sake of our discussions let's place your race car's competitiveness on a performance scale of 0 to 100 percent. Then, grade your skill level on a scale of 0 to 100 percent. Understand that we are talking about your skill level as a race driver today. With more practice—concentrated, directed, effective practice—your skill level will improve. For example, if we use Michael Schumacher's skill level as a benchmark, setting it at 100, on the same scale yours may be 85 today. But with practice, over time, it may increase to 95, or even 100. (You might even reach 105 on Schumacher's scale, and when you do, we have a few team owners we'd like to introduce you to, and we'd like to be your agent!) The race car and its systems are a critically important ingredient in the overall performance, but the car is capable of operating at the highest level only if the driver is up to it. That is, the car cannot make the driver outperform himself. Conversely, a driver cannot make a car outperform itself. And the driver cannot manage the car's systems until he learns to manage his own systems. At the highest level of any sport, the differences between the best competitors are almost negligible. This is especially true in the race car, where a few hundredths of a second in each turn become the difference between a winner and an also-ran. There is a lot of discussion regarding the allocation of importance of the car and driver, relative to each other. In a spec series (in which the cars are supposed to have as much similarity as possible), the driver is considered to make the difference. In CART Champ car racing today, there is a belief that the car is 80 to 90 percent of the performance envelope, with the driver being only 10 to 20 percent. Even the big-name drivers use this comparison. We believe this discussion is inappropriate for the following reason. The car is what the car is. That is, you can work on developing horsepower, handling, aerodynamics, braking systems, and so on, and the driver is a very important part of that process. That is what testing programs are all about. But even a testing program is limited by the driver's ability to recognize, process, and store the dynamic changes in the car. Also, if we assume that the car is set at its maximum performance level, it is still only the driver that will make the car perform at that level. For example, if you have 10 identical cars, with identical setup and identical engines, chassis and tires, what is the percentage of importance of the driver? Answer: 100 percent. If the cars are not identical, but you want to get 100 percent out of the car, what it the importance of the driver? One hundred percent again. The driver is the most important ingredient! And getting the driver to a higher level of performance is the primary objective. _Ultimately, your car's performance level and your own skill level will play a role in the results you achieve, but once you're behind the wheel the only thing you can control is your own performance level. Your goal should be to always perform at your best—your 100 percent._ So, if we place your performance level on the same 0- to 100-percent scale, we can rate how you really perform. If you manage to use every last little bit—100 percent—of your skill level on a consistent basis throughout a race, you can say that you performed at 100 percent, even though you may not have won or driven as well as Michael Schumacher would have in your car on that day. But you did perform at _your_ 100 percent. That's the real goal. You can't, or shouldn't, ever be unhappy with performing at 100 percent. You may, however, make the decision to increase your scale. This is not done by wishful thinking, or more testosterone, or by trying harder! It is done only by implementing effective, efficient learning strategies. This is exactly what Aryton Senna did, and what Michael Schumacher does! Obviously, though, if you didn't win (or even if you did), you will want to strive to improve both the competitiveness of your car and your own skill level. Although we won't go anywhere near a discussion of improving your car in this book, we will look at strategies that can improve your skill level. However, we won't take the traditional approach of covering braking and shifting techniques, cornering lines and such. Instead, we will develop strategies to implement and program these techniques. We can tell a specific driver that he must have more patience, be less aggressive, brake later, be more consistent, produce better qualifying times, and so on. This diagnosis may be absolutely accurate, but it won't accomplish anything if we don't understand the programming process and help the driver know how to achieve these things. ### **_INNER SPEED SECRET #3_** _**Although your skill level may have physical limits, your mind's potential is limitless.**_ What we're talking about is an awareness, understanding, and implementation of ways to effectively and efficiently increase your skill level, and then to induce a preferred state of mind that enables you to access those skills at the highest possible level more frequently. If you can acquire a better understanding of what causes your performance, great or crummy, you can develop better and more consistent performance strategies. Our goal for this book is not just to tell you what kind of attitude, mental preparation, and state of mind successful race drivers have, but how to get it. ## _**Chapter 2**_ _**The Ultimate** **Management System**_ Today's top-level race cars have all sorts of data acquisition microsensors designed to gather information, and in some cases, to process that information and execute a change. Engines, whether in a Formula One car or your street car, are controlled by amazingly complex electrical engine management systems. These systems continuously monitor numerous parameters (throttle position, ambient temperature, exhaust temperature, air flow, rpm, etc.), and alter controls to maximize performance. The race driver's brain goes through a very similar process. The human brain is, in fact, the ultimate management system. Throughout this book we will refer to, and compare the brain to a computer, as it does function in many ways like one. It is, however, very different than an IBM or Macintosh, because it is alive, And yet, the brain works like a computer. (Perhaps, as brains were here first, we should say that computers work like brains.) This does not mean that we are nothing more than a computer, but that we function in the same manner. We will, however, never lose sight of the fact that your brain is far more powerful, with far greater abilities, than any computer. For example, just one neuron (nerve cell) in your brain has the capability of one modern computer, while your brain contains approximately 1011 neurons, or about as many stars as there are in the Milky Way! _Whether behind the wheel of a race car or not, your brain acts much like a very sophisticated computer._ The total amount of information going into the brain while driving a race car is staggering to think about. If you could increase the amount of information by just

redpajama

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1 percent, would that increase your performance level? You bet it would! While driving a race car (or doing anything, for that matter), information goes into your brain—your "biocomputer"—and like any other computer, that information is processed based upon your "software." A million-dollar, state-of-the-art supercomputer with no software will not do anything. Without software, it has no use! As well, software with glitches and bugs is often the cause of limited performance. Your brain's software is an extremely complex organization of neuron patterns within the brain's cells. Years ago, researchers determined the "minimum number of patterns your brain can make is the number "1' followed by 10.5 million kilometers of typewritten zeros!" In other words, your brain's capacity is practically limitless. It is generally accepted today that the average person uses far less than 10 percent of the brain's capabilities. This neuron patterning, or programming, is the basis on which you perceive the world around you. You cannot perceive anything based upon someone else's software. You cannot interpret based upon someone else's software. You cannot react based upon someone else's software. You cannot make decisions based upon someone else's software. One of your performance limitations is the quality of your mental software. Therefore, you need to develop your software to the level of performance that you desire. _As the flow chart suggests, information from your senses, thoughts, and belief system are input to your brain, where it is processed. The information is then filtered by your state of mind and sent to your body to be acted out (your psychomotor skills)._ As is true with any computer, the quality of information going into your brain is critically important. You may have heard the _GIGO_ computer slogan, meaning "garbage in–garbage out." If a computer operator inputs poor-quality information, the result or output will be poor, whatever the quality of the computer's software or hardware may be. The same thing applies to your brain. The basic process is simple: Information from your senses, thoughts, or beliefs goes into your brain, where it is processed, as with any computer, based entirely upon its software. And then, based upon the decision reached by your biocomputer (brain), your body (muscle by muscle, joint by joint, etc.) is given specific instructions (when to brake, how much to squeeze the brakes, how much speed to carry through a turn, when and how much to accelerate, and so on). Essentially, these are your psychomotor skills. As you will see, though, your state of mind—your emotions—can have a sort of regulatory or filtering effect on these psychomotor skills. In reality, the process of controlling a race car obviously involves more than just your brain. It is a body-brain-body continuous loop that we are really talking about. Information from your body (senses) is sent to your brain, where it is processed, and then orders (bioelectrical signals) are sent to various parts of your body to be carried out. From there, more information and the reactions of those orders are sent back to the brain, new decisions are processed and sent back to the body again, and the loop continues. As you increase your understanding of this process, you can begin to develop some strategies to improve your performance. First, you must understand the importance of developing the highest quality of information input. #### **Processing Information** One of the primary differences between a great race driver and an also-ran is his ability to receive and process dynamic information. There are some other important differences, such as the ability to make good decisions and having a great skill level, which we will discuss later, but processing information is critical. Think about everything involved in the act of driving a race car—or skiing, playing tennis, or a musical instrument, for that matter. Just imagine the millions of bytes of information that are being gathered by every part of the body, sent to the brain and processed, the electrical impulses that are then sent to the appropriate muscles to execute a specific movement, and then new information gathered, and so on. And all this is done in a few nanoseconds. The more you practice receiving dynamic information, the more sensitive you become to gathering information. However, you do not gather and process information at a conscious level; it is done only at the subconscious level, which is, in effect, a part of your software. ### **_INNER SPEED SECRET #4_** _**Quality output depends on quality input.**_ _The processing and acting upon of information is a continuous loop. Your brain receives information (time to turn into a corner), it processes that information and sends a signal to your body (turn the steering wheel), makes note of the reaction (need to turn more), and the loop begins all over again._ As an example, if we gave you a sheet of Braille, and an explanation of the patterns of raised dots, do you think you would be able to read the Braille right away? Probably not, because your fingers would not be able to recognize the patterns accurately. However, if you practiced it long enough, you could develop the sensitivity in your fingers to actually feel the tiny dot patterns and interpret their meaning. Developing that same high level of sensitivity in a race car is critical to performance. So, one of the keys to being a quick race driver is to be able to gather dynamic information. And that takes practice. Practice becomes programming, and programming is your software from which your decisions and actions result. A few years ago Ronn was working with an Olympic-level skier. She was a specialist in the giant slalom, but had developed a pattern of falling when she started going after more speed. Her skill and technique were not the problem. She had exceptional skill. He decided that to go faster, she needed more sensory input. One of the ways to do that was to get more auditory input into the brain. So Ronn had her skiing many runs at lesser speed, with the primary objective of "listening to the sound of the snow." Just listening! She was, in fact, practicing getting more sensory input, which then allowed her to develop a program to get that additional auditory input at a subconscious level. The level of her skiing, and especially control, increased immediately. The falling pattern was broken, as she increased the ability to get more information into the brain. Let's bring this back to racing and what you can do to improve. If you are able to do a testing program, it needs to be as effective and efficient as possible. Testing at any level of racing is expensive, especially if _you_ are paying the bills! Testing should be more than just learning how the car will react to specific changes. It needs to be done with a total performance strategy, which includes practicing receiving information. Just look at it as developing a more sophisticated software program for the driver. This process will also increase your effectiveness as a test driver. A good test driver is one who has a high level of awareness (sensitivity), is able to create memory, and then relate that information. Most race drivers are reluctant to suggest to their team that they would like to spend part of a test session working on developing themselves—particularly the mental aspects of driving—rather than developing the race car. Suggesting that you are working on a new line through a couple of the turns sounds more acceptable to the typical race team member than developing your sensory inputs. Most teams, however, believe a driver's ability is a given—"either you've got it or you don't." If only more team owners, managers, engineers, and mechanics understood how valuable and how much more efficient it is to work on developing the driver—and just how much a driver can improve, given the opportunity. This is especially true today with all the data acquisition systems, if the driver and the engineer understand what is happening. The driver has an even greater opportunity to create the memory of exactly what is happening at each segment on the track, and then relate that with the data acquisition information. #### **How the Brain Receives Information** You drive a race car fast when you drive subconsciously—using a program (software). You cannot drive consciously—a race car is much too fast to operate on the conscious level. You must operate by a program. It is important to realize that we also need to gather information at the subconscious level. We cannot gather enough information at the conscious level. Our body's microsensors must be doing their job automatically. The primary ways in which the brain receives information when driving is from three of the sensory inputs—seeing (visual), hearing (auditory), and feel (kinesthetic)—as well as through thoughts, emotions, and the belief system. The better the quality of input, and the more quantity of input, the better the output or performance. Especially important to this process is the basic law relative to psychomotor skills that much of the programming in the brain comes about as the result of practice (repetitions) of the activity. Your programming is mostly a result of what you practice. If you practice (repeat) the right things, the right things will become programmed. If you practice the wrong things, the wrong things will become programmed. For this reason it is very important that you do not practice the wrong things. Whatever you are doing that is wrong must be changed as soon as possible. This is why strategies for practicing are not just important—they are critical! _Your brain receives information from a variety of sources._ Remember, practice doesn't make perfect. Only _perfect practice makes perfect._ We all should know this, but we tend to continue to practice some of

redpajama

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the wrong things by repeating the same mistakes. Why? Probably because we don't have a very good learning, practice, or coaching strategy. ### **_INNER SPEED SECRET #5_** _**Practice is programming.**_ In order to improve as a race driver, the quality of sensory (visual, kinesthetic, and auditory) information is critically important. Fortunately, there are some exercises that can be used to increase the quality of the information gathered by your sensors. #### **Strategies** As we mentioned in the Introduction, information and knowledge alone will not make you a better race driver. What you do with that information and knowledge—your strategies—is going to dictate your success. So, to relax and prepare your mind for the strategies presented throughout the remainder of this book, use the following exercises. These are also great exercises to be used regularly prior to getting into your race car. #### **Neck Rolls** Roll your neck gently from side to side—first to one side, down (chin to chest), then to the other side and back down. Then do the same, only this time roll your head back instead of forward. Do not roll your head through 360 degrees; roll from the side, forward, to side—180 degrees, and then side, back, side—180 degrees. If you feel any tight spots, hold your head in that position for a few seconds until it begins to loosen. _The neck roll exercise._ #### **Bracelets** Grip your arm below the elbow with the thumb and fore finger of your opposite hand, and turn. Continue turning as you spiral down to the wrist, massaging your forearms. This is a particularly good exercise for relaxing your hands and arms before and after driving. _The bracelets exercise._ #### **Brain Buttons** With one hand, deeply massage the soft spots under your clavicle (to the left and right of your sternum, and just below your collarbone) for 30 seconds, while pressing your navel with the other hand. This not only helps you relax, but can also increase blood flow to the brain and improve brain-body bioelectrical communication. _The brain buttons exercise._ #### **Thinking Cap** Unfold and massage the curl in your ears using your thumbs and index fingers, beginning at the top and working down to your ear lobe. This improves your hearing sensitivity and concentration and helps you relax. _The thinking caps exercise._ ## _**Chapter 3**_ _**Your Brain's Software**_ Practically everything we do is a result of a program, or the software in our mind. For example, if we asked you to go to the refrigerator and get a drink of milk, you wouldn't consciously have to think about moving your left leg in front of your right leg, then right leg in front of left leg, lift your hand to grab the door handle, and so on. Instead, you rely on the preprogrammed software in your mind that already knows the physical actions—the psychomotor skills—required to accomplish the task. Driving a race car works the same way. Although we typically believe that we do most things by conscious thought, we really accomplish them—at least what we do well—subconsciously. When performing at your peak, your conscious mind sets the objectives and then leaves them for your subconscious mind to accomplish. When you try to do something consciously—thinking about it—you rarely perform at your peak. You cannot consciously drive a race car fast. It is much too fast, and there are too many things happening too quickly for your brain to operate in the conscious mode. You must drive subconsciously, in an _automatic pilot_ mode, everything happening as a result of the program. ### **_INNER SPEED SECRET #6_** _**Drive the race car on automatic pilot— subconsciously.**_ Consider what happens as a person learns to ride a bicycle. At first it is very difficult to keep your balance, but with practice it becomes easy. Once mastered, we never forget it. Then, even if it's 10 years since you pedaled a bike, you can ride almost as easily as when you last rode. Why? Every time you perform a task, such as riding a bike or driving a race car, certain neurons in your brain interact with one another and a neurochemical connection is formed. And, much as water flowing through dirt will develop a path and then continue to follow it, once that neurochemical interaction has occurred between brain neurons, the pattern of interaction will occur easily again. The skill of riding a bicycle has been imprinted on your brain; a program has been developed. We need to look at learning as programming—to the deepest level. You have not really learned something until it is completely programmed to the subconscious level. Learning is not just being aware of something at the surface, or the conscious, level. For example, learning is not just being aware that Turn 3 is a _late apex_ turn, and that the absolute fastest line is exactly _this_ path. Learning at the deepest level is the ability to take the car through the turn on _this_ path, at the maximum speed at any point, without thinking about it at the conscious level. That is, it needs to happen _automatically_ —at the subconscious level. _I am able to get to a level where I am ahead of myself; maybe a fifth of a second, who knows? When my car goes into a corner, I am already at the apex._ **—Ayrton Senna** For the rest of this book, we need to ask you to look at learning in this manner. Learning is programming! Programming is learning! Substitute the word learning for programming, and vice versa. How do we, as human beings, create these programs? We learn (program) little by reading about it. We learn (program) little by someone telling us to do something a specific way. Oh, we can memorize some information or figures, and then regurgitate them. But we learn to do something by doing it. We create our programming most effectively and efficiently through an experiential process. Repetitions of this experience will create the programming into the subconscious. We are able to do something automatically—without thinking about it—as a result of creating the neuron patterning in the brain cells to execute a specific activity. _Everything you do behind the wheel of a race car is a result of one of the countless number of programs in your mind. The key is selecting and fine-tuning the right program for the task._ #### **Instant Replay and Preplay** In simple terms, the real purpose of your subconscious mind is to carry out and achieve the programs—the actions and objectives—at the direction of your conscious mind. If your conscious mind is focused on negative objectives, your subconscious will do everything it can to see you achieve them. If your conscious mind is focused on positive objectives, your subconscious will make them happen. So, obviously, what your conscious mind is doing is also extremely important! The programs in your brain control more than your physical actions—your psychomotor skills. They also control your beliefs, thoughts, and state of mind. In fact, if a specific situation or condition triggers a state of mind program in which there is anxiety or fear, the performance level of the individual will decrease immediately. So programming exactly what you want to occur is critical! For various reasons, we frequently program many things we don't really want, especially during the learning process. Programming a higher level of performance is often the result of deleting any programming you do not want (deprogramming), and reprogramming what you do want. Race drivers must have an understanding of what they are doing, what they need to change, what they need to do to change, how to change, and how that affects their resulting performance level. It isn't just a matter of wanting to do better. Once you understand this, it gives a whole new meaning to the expression _learning a track_. It isn't just knowing which turns are left or right, or increasing or decreasing radius, etc. And it is not just the basic general psychomotor skills of threshold braking at maximum level, or maintaining dynamic control at the very edge of adhesion while going through a high-speed turn, etc. It is the application of these skills, executed subconsciously at every segment of a track. This is really what learning a track is about. You must get to the subconscious level as quickly as possible. Then you can begin to work on observing what can be changed to be quicker, as you execute that new programming at the subconscious level. Your brain is full of an uncountable number of programs, with an almost infinite number of complex combinations for everything from breathing to how to solve a complex math problem, from throwing a ball to talking. Obviously, we cannot look in detail at each separate program that it takes to drive a race car. (At least, not in the next thousand years!) But we can break them down into basic psychomotor skill programs and variations, or updated versions of the basic programs. For example, once you've learned how to heel-and-toe downshift, and practiced it enough, you have developed a basic program for that psychomotor skill. If you drive another car on which the brake and gas pedal arrangement and the engine response are different, your basic program will have to be altered slightly. It doesn't mean having an entirely new program, just an updated version. (In computer software terms

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, call it version 1.1.) With every different car you drive, you have to develop a new version of the heel-and-toe program (versions 1.2, 1.3, 1.4). _Nothing should be done in a hurry in racing, except the drive itself; for everything else you need calm._ **—Alan Jones** Until each psychomotor skill required to drive a race car becomes a fully developed program, you will not be able to drive at the very limit by yourself, let alone having sufficient brain resources left over to deal with the traffic and constantly changing conditions that occur when racing. Hopefully, you can also see why the initial learning of a skill is so critical. If you try to drive too fast at the very beginning, you will not give your brain enough time to accurately develop the basic programs. And before you can develop the new versions of a program, you have to fully develop and de-bug the basic program. As you will see, there is—or should be—an almost continuous programming/ reprogramming process taking place whenever you drive. The better developed your basic program is, the more brain resources you will have in reserve to observe and suggest reprogramming alternatives or new versions. If all your brain-power reserves are being used to control your psychomotor skills, there will be none left to improve your functions. Now you see why it is so important to have effective programming techniques: Without a precise and accurate program, you will continue to do the same thing over and over again, never making any improvements. The more variations of a basic program you have, the more adaptable and flexible you will be in unique situations, and the quicker you will learn new processes. It is astounding to observe how many race drivers, even drivers at the highest level, will try to force their car's setup (at that moment) to adapt to their personal driving style preference, rather than adapting their style (program) to what the car wants to do at that moment. Rick Mears was one of the all-time best at adapting his style to suit the situation. He definitely had a knack for interpreting what was happening and what needed to be changed, and communicating that information to the team so they could make the necessary adjustments. As his record demonstrates, that usually resulted in as strong a finish as possible—often a victory in a car that didn't look to be capable of winning early in the race. Other drivers often try to make the car adapt to them, and in the process blister tires, scrub off speed, and perhaps lose control and crash. As we said, once an action, movement, thought, or whatever is programmed into your brain, it is there forever. It may not always be easy to access the program, but it is there. Even a name or a face is a program. How many times have you not been able to remember a person's name—access the program—when you wanted to? Then, sometime later it just popped into your head. It was always there. You just had difficulty accessing it. Usually it is when your mind is relaxed that you most easily access deep-rooted memories or programs. You often remember people's names when you are not trying to, right? What does that tell you about your mind when you're behind the wheel of your race car? It needs to be relaxed. Some drivers just seem to have a certain intuition—an instinct or sixth sense—when it comes to racing. When you relax and trust your program—your subconscious—to drive, and stop thinking, you will too. Program your mind through mental imagery so that in racing situations, you respond instinctively. Remember the sayings, "Analysis is paralysis," and "Act, don't think." _And that's what it's about. Trying to get the car to feel like part of your body. An extension. I get my mind into part of the machinery. And get it to be—like the tires are made of rubber, sure. But when things are right, you can feel the tires in your nerve ends. And when you take a car down into the corner as deep as it'll go and you know it's on the ragged edge, it's just like a shot in the arm. It's such a gratifying feeling that you've taken a piece of machinery and kind of glued yourself to it._ **—Johnny Parsons** You can develop the necessary programs either physically (through experience) or mentally (through thoughts, beliefs, and mental imagery). Both methods are effective in programming your brain, with each having advantages and disadvantages over the other. #### **Physical Programming** Physical programming occurs through experience. It is the physical practicing of your psychomotor skills. For example, when learning to hit a tennis ball, your first hit usually isn't very accurate. Then, with each subsequent swing, your brain figures out through trial and error how quickly to move your arm, the arc it needs to follow to contact the ball, and the timing required. With more practice—physical programming—that movement becomes what tennis players call a _grooved swing_, which is really a basic program for hitting a tennis ball. However, as anyone who has played tennis knows, the ball rarely comes back to you at the exact same height, angle, or speed. So, you then practice (program) hitting the ball at varying heights, angles, and speed until you have a number of versions of the basic program, or variations of your standard "hit the tennis ball" program. The same process applies to driving a race car. First, you learn the basic techniques (use of the controls, shifting techniques, placing the car along a desired path or line through a corner, etc.) until they become programmed. Then, while driving the race car by program, your conscious mind is watching precisely what the car and you are doing; and if the brain is not overloaded, it will notice slight variations that may enable you to go quicker. It then alters the program until you make an improvement, and makes that an updated version of the program. This is why seat time is so very important. One of the problems with relying entirely upon physical programming is that while altering your program, you may make a negative change, resulting in a slower lap time at best or a crash at worst. On the other hand, sometimes errors actually lead to a positive update of the program. If you enter a corner too fast (failing to perform the _corner entry speed_ program correctly), for example, and make it through the corner despite the extra speed, your brain has just learned that it can be done, so the process of reprogramming begins to update the necessary programs. The result is a new version of the program that increases your cornering speed. Using physical programming can be dangerous, though. If you make a big change, such as turning into a corner 10 feet later, you may not survive long enough for it to become an updated program! On the other hand, if the changes you make are not big enough (turning in 1 foot later), your brain may just interpret that as your failure to perform the program properly, or that you are inconsistent. In other words, to get the mind to accept something new, you may have to overcompensate. If you want to turn in 3 feet later for a corner, you may have to make a few laps turning in 5 feet later. Or, if you want to carry 2 miles per hour more speed into a corner, you may have to try carrying 3<|endoftext|>Q: How can I fix a java code that has no class I am trying to correct the error in fix 5 below. It asks for the logical error and to correct it. I think the logical error is that there is no cheese class, but how would I edit the code so that the logical error is fix? I am not sure how to add the class needed in the code and if its needed though? import java.util.*; public class Lab21_Vars { public static void main(String[] args) { int i, j; int var0, var1; // Fix 1: Correctly typecast 5.0 to an int so it can assigned to var3. int var2 = 0, var3 = (int) 5.0; //int var2 = 0, var3 = 5.0; // Fix 2: Correctly declare a variable as an array. int [] arri0 = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; //int arri0 = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; double[] arrd0 = {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}; // Fix 3: What's wrong with temp? Fix it. int temp = 0; if (i < j) { //int temp = 0; System.out.println("Temp is " + temp); } else { temp = 1; System.out.println("Temp is " + temp); } // Fix 4: Correctly calculate square of sums and print it as total. int total = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { //int total = 0; total += i*i; } System.out.println("i value is " + i); System.

redpajama

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16 YRS Anhui Guoci Handbags Co., Ltd. 1 YRS Xiamen Greenlike Bag Co., Ltd. html Products Classificat //////////////////// PRODUCTS CLASSIFICATION //////////////////// Exprise-foundation by credit, Mutual benefit win-win More information please check productlist. With a wide range, good quality, reasonable prices and stylish designs, our products are extensively used in residential and commercial application and other industries. Our products are widely recognized and trusted by users and can meet continuously changing economic and social needs. Would you mind to cover it9 Freight collect is also for us operating if you have any carrier account. Production times vary based on the bag you choose, availability of inventory, the printing process you choose. Don’t have time to browse9 Tell us about your project and we can recommend bags to best suit your needs. Please kindly tell me which kind of bags you prefer to and provide me more information. OEM and ODM are You can tell us your idea or provide us the drawing. The sample fee is charged according to the material and size of the product. 5. For any requirement or confused question about them, just please contact us without hesitation. They will choose cotton bags instead of plastic bags to reduce the damage of nature. In our daily life, people can reuse cotton bag and wash them many times. Alibaba.com offers 1,368,078 bag shopper products. About 10% of these are shopping bags, 1% are promotional bags. A wide variety of bag shopper options are available to you, such as cotton, nylon, and polyester. You can also choose from handled, folding, and punch. As well as from free samples, paid samples. There are 1,368,078 bag shopper suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of bag shopper respectively. Bag shopper products are most popular in North America, Western Europe, and Northern Europe. You can ensure product safety by selecting from certified suppliers, including 172,300 with ISO9001, 101,721 with Other, and 76,935 with BSCI certification.<|endoftext|>Q: How to display validation summary below the input controls? I have the following form: <form asp-controller="Manage" asp-action="RemoveDetails" method="post" class="form-horizontal"> @if (Model.RequirePassword) { <div id="password-container"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="Password"></label> <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" id="password" autocomplete="current-password" aria-required="true" /> <small> <span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"></span> </small> </div> </div> </div> } <div class="col-6"> <hr class="mt-2 mb-3"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-style-1 btn-danger">Confirm</button> </div> <div class="row"> <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"></div> </div> </form> If I leave the password empty, a validation message (the model uses DataAnnonations) is displayed right below the control. This is fine. If I enter the wrong password, the Post action validates it and adds an error to the ModelState. This error is displayed below the form. Is it possible to display such model errors below the relevant controls? A: Try this code in Controller: ModelState.AddModelError("Password", "validation summary error."); The error message won't display in <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly"></div>, but it can display error message in @Html.ValidationSummary(false, "", new { @class = "text-danger" }). <form asp-controller="Home" asp-action="RemoveDetails" method="post" class="form-horizontal"> <div id="password-container"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="Password"></label> <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" id="password" autocomplete="current-password" aria-required="true" /> <small> @*<span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"></span>*@ @Html.ValidationSummary(false, "", new { @class = "text-danger" }) </small> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="Description"></label> <input asp-for="Description" class="form-control" id="description" autocomplete="current-password" aria-required="true" /> <small> <span asp-validation-for="Description" class="text-danger"></span> </small> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <hr class="mt-2 mb-3"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-style-1 btn-danger">Confirm</button> </div> <div class="row"> <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly"></div> </div> </form> [HttpPost] public IActionResult RemoveDetails(RemoveDetail rdl) { if(ModelState.IsValid) { var pwd = rdl.Password; //do something here and find the password is wrong //code below won't display error message in <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"> //but can display error message in @Html.ValidationSummary(false, "", new { @class = "text-danger" }) ModelState.AddModelError("Password", "validation summary error."); return View(rdl); } return View(rdl); } <|endoftext|>Time to lift sanctions against Venezuela, Iran and Cuba Swiftly moves the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), dashing across continents, skipping over oceans, terrifying populations in every country. The numbers of those infected rises, as do the numbers of those who have died. Hands are being washed, tests are being done, and social distance has become a new phrase. It is unclear how devastating this pandemic will be. In the midst of a pandemic, one would expect that all countries would collaborate in every way to mitigate the spread of the virus and its impact on human society. One would expect that a humanitarian crisis of this magnitude would provide the opportunity to suspend or end all inhumane economic sanctions and political blockades against certain countries. The main point here is this: Is this not the time for the imperialist bloc, led by the United States of America, to end the sanctions against Cuba, Iran, Venezuela, and a series of other countries? Medical Shortages Venezuela's Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza told us recently that the "illegal and unilateral coercive measures that the United States has imposed on Venezuela are a form of collective punishment." The use of the phrase "collective punishment" is significant; under the 1949 Geneva Conventions, any policy that inflicts damage on an entire population is a war crime. The U.S. policy, Arreaza told us, has "resulted in difficulties for the timely acquisition of medicines." On paper, the unilateral U.S. sanctions say that medical supplies are exempt. But this is an illusion. Neither Venezuela nor Iran can easily buy medical supplies, nor can they easily transport it into their countries, nor can they use them in their largely public sector health systems. The embargo against these countries-in this time of COVID-19-is not only a war crime by the standards of the Geneva Conventions (1949) but is a crime against humanity as defined by the United Nations International Law Commission (1947). In 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump enacted tight restrictions on Venezuela's ability to access financial markets; two years later, the U.S. government blacklisted Venezuela's Central Bank and put a general embargo against the Venezuelan state institutions. If any firm trades with Venezuela's public sector, it could face secondary sanctions. The U.S. Congress passed the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) in 2017, which tightened sanctions against Iran, Russia, and North Korea. The next year, Trump imposed a raft of new sanctions against Iran which suffocated Iran's economy. Once more, access to the world banking system and threats to companies that traded with Iran made it almost impossible for Iran to do business with the world. In particular, the U.S. government made it clear that any business with the public sector of Iran and Venezuela was forbidden. The health infrastructure that provides for the mass of the populations in both Iran and Venezuela is run by the State, which means it faces disproportionate difficulty in accessing equipment and supplies, including testing kits and medicines. Breaking the Embargo Arreaza, the Venezuelan foreign minister, told us

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that his government is alert to the dangers of COVID-19 with a health infrastructure that has been affected by the sanctions. Vice President Delcy Rodrguez is leading a presidential commission to manage whatever resources are available. "We are breaking the blockade," Arreaza said, "through the World Health Organization, through which we have obtained medicine and the tests to detect the illness." The WHO, despite its own crisis of funds, has played a key role in both Venezuela and Iran. Nonetheless, the WHO faces its own challenges with sanctions, particularly when it comes to transportation. These harsh sanctions forced transportation companies to reconsider servicing both Iran and Venezuela. Some airlines stopped flying there; many shipping companies decided not to anger Washington. When the World Health Organization tried to get testing kits for COVID-19 from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) into Iran, it faced difficulty-as the WHO's Christoph Hamelmann put it-"due to flight restrictions"; the UAE sent the equipment via a military transport plane. Likewise, Arreaza told us, Venezuela has "received the solidarity from governments of countries such as China and Cuba." This is a key issue. China, despite its own challenges from COVID-19, has been supplying testing kits and medical equipment to Iran and to Venezuela; it was China's vigorous reaction to the virus that has now slowed down its spread within China itself. In late February, a team from the Red Cross Society of China arrived in Tehran to exchange information with the Iranian Red Cross and with WHO officials; China also donated testing kits and supplies. The sanctions, Chinese officials told us, should be of no consequence during a humanitarian crisis such as this; they are not going to honor them. Meanwhile, the Iranians developed an app to help their population during the COVID-19 outbreak; Google decided to remove it from its app store, a consequence of the U.S. sanctions. End the Sanctions Yolimar Mejas Escorcha, an industrial engineer, tells us that the sanctions regime has put a lot of pressure on everyday life in Venezuela. She says that the government "continues to make an effort to ensure that people who most need it get health care, education, and food." The opposition has tried to say that the crisis is a consequence of the government's inefficiency rather than a result of the imperialist blockade on Venezuela. On March 6, she tells us, a new campaign was launched in the country called "Sanctions Are a Crime." She hopes that this campaign will explain clearly to people why there are shortages in her country-the sanctions being the core reason. In 2019, a group of countries met at the United Nations in New York to discuss the U.S. unilateral sanctions that violated the UN Charter. The intent was to work through the Non-Aligned Movement to create a formal group that would respond to these sanctions. Venezuela's Foreign Minister Arreaza told us that Venezuela supports this initiative but also the declaration of principles drafted by Iran against unilateralism and the Russian formal complaint about denial of visas for officials to visit the UN building in New York. "We hope to resume meetings this year once the difficulties presented by COVID-19 are overcome," he said. They want to meet again, Arreaza said, to "advance joint, concrete actions." What Arreaza told us are initiatives at the interstate level. At the same time, there are ongoing initiatives led by popular movements and political organizations. In November 2019, an anti-imperialist solidarity meeting was held in Havana, Cuba, with representatives from 86 countries. At this meeting, it was decided that attention must be focused on the inhumane use of power in our time; a call was sent out to hold a week of anti-imperialist struggle between May 25 and May 31. The aim of the week is to alert the world's public about imperialism and-in this context-about the murderous sanctions regime driven by the United States, more murderous in this time of COVID-19. The question that a week of activities such as this poses is quite simple: What kind of moral fiber holds together an international system where a handful of countries can act in a way that goes against all the highest aspirations of humanity? When the United States continues its embargos against more than 50 countries-but mostly against Cuba, Iran, and Venezuela-when there is a global pandemic afoot, what does this say about the nature of power and authority in our world? Sensitive people should be offended by such behavior, its mean-spiritedness evident in the unnatural deaths that it provokes. When the U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright was asked about the half-million Iraqi children who died because of U.S. sanctions, she said that those deaths were a price worth paying. They were certainly not a price that the Iraqis wanted to pay, nor now the Iranians or the Venezuelans, or indeed the majority of humankind. We march in May against this desiccated worldview; we march for humanity. Vijay Prashad is an Indian historian, editor and journalist. He is a writing fellow and chief correspondent at Globetrotter, a project of the Independent Media Institute. He is the chief editor of LeftWord Books and the director of Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research. He has written more than twenty books, including The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World (The New Press, 2007), The Poorer Nations: A Possible History of the Global South (Verso, 2013), The Death of the Nation and the Future of the Arab Revolution (University of California Press, 2016) and Red Star Over the Third World (LeftWord, 2017). Paola Estrada is in the Secretariat of the International Peoples Assembly and is a member of the Brazilian chapter of ALBA Movements (Continental Coordination of Social Movements toward the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America). Source: Independent Media Institute This article was produced by Globetrotter, a project of the Independent Media Institute. Vijay Prashad and Paola Estrada 17th March 2020, 19:36 GMT+11<|endoftext|>Integrierte Landwirtschaft ist ein auf den gesamten Betrieb bezogenes Managementsystem, das auf eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft abzielt. Es ist ein dynamisches Leitbild, das auf jedem Betrieb und weltweit umgesetzt werden kann. Dazu gehört neben der Beachtung von Details auch die Bereitschaft, sich in allen Betriebsbereichen mithilfe von wissensbasierten Managementprozessen ständig um Verbesserung zu bemühen. Bei der Integrierten Landwirtschaft werden moderne Werkzeuge und Technologien mit traditionellen Verfahren je nach Standort und Situation bestmöglich kombiniert. Definition Die International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) definiert beispielsweise die Integrierte Obstproduktion (Integrated Fruit Production – IFP) als eine wirtschaftlich tragfähige Erzeugung von Früchten hoher Qualität, bei der ökologisch unbedenkliche und sichere Pflanzenschutzverfahren vorrangig genutzt werden. Das dient dazu, unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen und den Einsatz von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln so weit wie möglich zu reduzieren und damit die Umwelt sowie die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen. Eine besondere Betonung liegt bei der Integrierten Landwirtschaft auf dem ganzheitlichen und systematischen Ansatz mit dem gesamten Betrieb als Einheit, der zentralen Rolle von Agrar-Ökosystemen, ausgewogenen Nährstoffkreisläufen und dem Tierwohl aller gehaltenen Nutztiere. Die Bewahrung und Verbesserung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit, einer vielgestaltigen Umwelt und die Beachtung ethischer sowie sozialer Kriterien sind dabei essenzielle Bestandteile. Biologische, technische und chemische Methoden werden sorgsam abgewogen und berücksichtigen den Schutz der Umwelt, die Wirtschaftlichkeit und soziale Anforderungen. Die Europäische Initiative für Nachhaltige Entwicklung in der Landwirtschaft e.V. hat das System Integrierte Landwirtschaft veröffentlicht, in dem weitergehende Erläuterungen zu wesentlichen Elementen gegeben werden. Dazu zählen Organisation & Planung, Human- und Sozialkapital, Energieeffizienz, Nutzung und Schutz des Wassers, Klimawandel und Luftqualität, Management des Bodens, Pflanzenernährung, Pflanzengesundheit und -schutz, Haltung, Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden der Tiere, Landschafts- und Naturschutz sowie Abfallmanagement und Umweltschutz. LEAF (Linking Environment And Farming) propagiert im Vereinigten Königreich mit Integrated Farm Management ein vergleichbares Modell. Dabei handelt

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es sich um einen auf den gesamten Betrieb bezogenen Ansatz, der eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft möglich macht. Einordnung Für die Ernährungs- und Landwirtschaftsorganisation der Vereinten Nationen FAO ist der Integrierte Pflanzenschutz die bei dem Schutz der Kulturpflanzen zu bevorzugende Strategie. Danach ist der Integrierte Pflanzenschutz (IP oder IPM – Integrated Pest Management) eine wesentliche Säule der nachhaltigen Intensivierung der pflanzlichen Erzeugung und trägt dazu bei, mit dem Einsatz von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln möglicherweise verbundene Risiken zu vermindern. Er ist damit ein Kernelement des Integrierten Pflanzenbaus, der selbst ein entscheidendes Element der Integrierten Landwirtschaft als Leitbild einer nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft ist. Keller weist darauf hin, dass der Integrierte Pflanzenbau nicht als Kompromiss zwischen unterschiedlichen Produktionssystemen in der Landwirtschaft zu verstehen ist. Der Begriff steht vielmehr für ein Produktionssystem, das auf einer zielorientierten und fortlaufenden Entwicklung aller Erfahrungen, Erkenntnisse und Verfahren beruht, die in der sogenannten konventionellen Landwirtschaft zur Verfügung stehen. Dabei fließen nicht nur fortlaufend neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, sondern auch Denkanstöße aus dem ökologischen Landbau mit ein. Geschichte Der Integrierte Pflanzenschutz vermittelt den Einstieg in eine ganzheitliche Herangehensweise an die landwirtschaftliche Erzeugung. Schon ab dem Ende der 1950er Jahre fand dieser Ansatz im Obstbau zunehmende Beachtung. Diese Entwicklung war dem zu dieser Zeit als überintensiv empfundenen Einsatz chemischer Pflanzenschutzmittel geschuldet. In der Folgezeit wurde dieser Ansatz im Pflanzenschutz weltweit aufgegriffen und an die verschiedenen Anbaubedingungen und Kulturpflanzen angepasst. Auf Basis der so gesammelten Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen erfolgte über den Pflanzenschutz hinaus ab den [19]80er Jahren zunehmend auch die Entwicklung von Ansätzen und Modellen für den Integrierten Pflanzenbau. Dabei unterblieb zunächst aber die Verknüpfung von Pflanzenproduktion und Tierproduktion weitgehend. In den Folgejahren wurde eine Reihe nationaler und regionaler Initiativen und Projekte gegründet. Dazu zählen etwa LEAF (Linking Environment And Farming) in England, die FNL (Fördergemeinschaft Nachhaltige Landwirtschaft e.V.) in Deutschland, FARRE (Forum des Agriculteurs Responsables Respectueux de l'Environnement) in Frankreich, die FILL (Fördergemeinschaft Integrierte Landbewirtschaftung Luxemburg) oder auch OiB (Odling i Balans) in Schweden. Allerdings gibt es so gut wie keine Zahlen zu der Verbreitung des Integrierten Pflanzenbaus oder des Integrierten Landbaus in der europäischen Landwirtschaft. Das führte im Februar 2014 zu der Empfehlung des Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschusses, seitens der EU der Stand der Integrierten Produktion in der Landwirtschaft Europas detailliert zu analysieren, um so neben der aktuellen Situation auch das weitere Entwicklungspotenzial zu ermitteln. Allerdings sind Hinweise verfügbar, dass in Deutschland zum Beispiel bereits 1999 zwischen 60 und 80 % aller Kern-, Stein- und Beerenfrüchte entsprechend den Leitlinien der Integrierten Produktion angebaut, kontrolliert und vermarktet wurden. Aus dem Vereinigten Königreich liegen Zahlen vor, nach denen 22 % allen Frischobstes und Gemüses entsprechend der Standards zur Integrierten Landwirtschaft erzeugt werden, wie sie von dem Zertifizierungsschema LEAF Marque vorgegeben werden. Nutztierhaltung und Integrierter Pflanzenbau sind oft zwei Betriebszweige eines landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmens. Dazu wurde schon 1998 festgestellt, dass die Erzeugung von Produkten tierischen Ursprungs in der Landwirtschaft bei einer ganzheitlichen Herangehensweise nicht unabhängig von der Pflanzenproduktion betrachtet werden kann, da der Zusammenhang im System eine direkte Verflechtung der beiden Betriebszweige bedingt. Eine isolierte Betrachtung oder gar Loslösung der Haltung von Nutztieren von der genutzten Fläche und ein damit gegebenenfalls einhergehender überhöhter Tierbesatz ist nach den genannten Autoren mit den Grundsätzen und Zielen des Integrierten Landbaus nicht vereinbar. Entsprechend werden ganzheitliche Konzepte für die Integrierte Landwirtschaft wie das EISA „System Integrierte Landwirtschaft“, die Pflanzenbau und Tierhaltung ganzheitlich betrachten, zunehmend und weltweit als Leitbild einer nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft propagiert und umgesetzt. Im Hinblick auf die zum Teil kontrovers diskutierte Zielstellung einer ‚nachhaltigen Intensivierung‘ der Landwirtschaft wird die Ressourceneffizienz heute immer wichtiger. Dabei gilt, dass die Umweltwirkungen der Landwirtschaft deutlich davon abhängen, wie effizient alle eingesetzten Produktionsmittel genutzt werden. Das gilt etwa für den Input pro kg Output, für den Output, der mit jedem kg Input erzielt wird und gleichermaßen für den Output pro Flächeneinheit. Dabei gilt der Faktor Fläche angesichts der stetig weiter wachsenden Weltbevölkerung als eine zunehmend knappe Ressource. Die Effizienzparameter geben deshalb wichtige Hinweise dazu, wie die Effizienz und die Umweltwirkungen von landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssystemen bewertet werden können und wo entsprechende Ansätze zur Verbesserung bestehen. Auf die Notwendigkeit, die weitere Entwicklung auch im Kontext der jeweils umgebenden Landschaften zu sehen und zu bewerten, weist ein Positionspapier der DFG-Senatskommission für Agrarökosystemforschung aus 2014 hin. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden auch die Dokumentation, Zertifizierungsschemata und betriebliche Audits wie etwa LEAF Marque im Vereinigten Königreich und 33 weiteren Ländern weltweit immer wichtigere Werkzeuge, um landwirtschaftliche Praktiken zu bewerten und weiter zu verbessern. Auch wenn sie anstelle der ganzheitlichen Betrachtung landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe auf einzelne Produkte ausgerichtet sind, verfolgen die Prinzipien und Praktiken von SAI Platform und Global GAP ähnliche Ansätze. Ziele Integrierte Landwirtschaft basiert auf der Aufmerksamkeit für Details, fortlaufenden Verbesserungen und einer verantwortlichen Nutzung aller verfügbaren Ressourcen. Da dieses Leitbild an der nachhaltigen Entwicklung ausgerichtet ist, werden die drei zugrunde liegenden Dimensionen „ökonomische Entwicklung“, „soziale Entwicklung“ und „Schutz der Umwelt“ bei der Umsetzung der Integriert

redpajama

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en Landwirtschaft sorgsam beachtet. Allerdings gilt nach Überzeugung von EISA, dass die wirtschaftliche Tragfähigkeit des Produktionsverfahrens für die landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe eine unverzichtbare Voraussetzung darstellt, denn erst ein wirtschaftlicher Erfolg ermöglicht auch Investitionen in allen anderen Bereichen einschließlich der Maßnahmen zum Schutz und zur Förderung von Natur und Artenvielfalt, wie sie in dem EISA System Integrierte Landwirtschaft beschrieben sind. Als sehr stark auf Management und Planung basierendes Konzept umfasst Integrierte Landwirtschaft den regelmäßigen Abgleich der erreichten Ergebnisse mit den zuvor festgelegten Zielen. So liegt ein klares Augenmerk des EISA Systems Integrierte Landwirtschaft beispielsweise darauf, dass sich die Landwirte der eigenen Ergebnisse bewusst sind. Indem sie regelmäßig ihre Ergebnisse auf den Prüfstand stellen, wächst die Kenntnis über die erzielten Leistungen ebenso wie das Wissen über noch verbleibende Defizite. Durch die Beachtung von Details können Betriebsleiter so gleichzeitig Verbesserungen bei der Bewirtschaftung und bei den ökonomischen Ergebnissen erreichen. Nach entsprechenden Erfahrungen in England weist die Organisation LEAF darauf hin, dass dort durch einen verringerten, jeweils an den tatsächlichen Bedarf angepassten Einsatz von Dünge- und Pflanzenschutzmitteln pro Betrieb und Jahr zwischen 2.000,- und 10.000 englische Pfund eingespart werden konnten. Verbreitung Nach den ersten Entwicklungsschritten in den 1950er Jahren wurden weltweit Ansätze für den Integrierten Pflanzenschutz, den Integrierten Pflanzenbau, die Integrierte Produktion und die Integrierte Landwirtschaft entwickelt, etwa in Deutschland, der Schweiz, den USA, Australien und Indien. Da die Umsetzung des generellen Leitbilds der Integrierten Landwirtschaft jeweils an die Situation und den Standort angepasst erfolgen soll, statt starren Regeln zu folgen, ist dieses Leitbild nicht nur theoretisch global umsetzbar, sondern es wird bereits in unterschiedlichem Umfang weltweit genutzt. Kritik Von Umweltverbänden wird Kritik an diesem Leitbild geäußert. Das liegt zum Teil darin begründet, dass es in Europa zwar Richtlinien für den ökologischen Landbau (wie etwa Richtlinie No 834/2007 oder den neuen Entwurf von 2014) gibt, aber noch keine vergleichbaren Präzisierungen oder Regelungen für die Integrierte Landwirtschaft entwickelt worden seien. Während damit die ökologische Landwirtschaft und z. B. das deutsche Biosiegel gesetzlich geschützt sind, hat die EU-Kommission es bislang nicht in Erwägung gezogen, an einer vergleichbaren Rahmenrichtlinie zu einem Leitbild „Integrierte Landwirtschaft“ zu arbeiten. Wenn also Erzeugnisse als aus „Kontrollierter Integrierter Produktion“ stammend ausgewiesen und vermarktet werden, dann beruhen die entsprechenden Kontrollmechanismen und Qualitätssiegel nicht auf nationalen oder europäischen Richtlinien, sondern wurden von privaten Organisationen und Qualitätsschemata wie etwa LEAF Marque begründet. Siehe auch Integrierte Produktion Literatur Lütke Entrup, N., Onnen, O., and Teichgräber, B., 1998: Zukunftsfähige Landwirtschaft – Integrierter Landbau in Deutschland und Europa – Studie zur Entwicklung und den Perspektiven. Heft 14/1998, Fördergemeinschaft Integrierter Pflanzenbau, Bonn. ISBN 3-926898-13-5. Oerke, E.-C., Dehne, H.-W., Schönbeck, F., and Weber, A., 1994: Crop Production and Crop Protection – Estimated Losses in Major Food and Cash Crops. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York, Oxford, Shannon, Tokyo. ISBN 0-444-82095-7 Einzelnachweise Form der Landwirtschaft<|endoftext|>Q: Finding the magnitude of a complex number During a physics problem, I reached an expression for a complex number that looks like this: $$ \frac{e^{i\theta}\left(e^{iP\theta}-1\right)}{e^{i\theta}-1} $$ where P is some constant. I want to express this complex number in the form $z = |z|e^{i\alpha}$. After more than an hour of struggling to get it to that form and failing. What am I missing here? Does it involve a lot of nasty algebra? A: $$e^{iP\theta}-1 = e^{iP\theta/2}(e^{iP\theta/2}-e^{-iP\theta/2})$$ $$e^{i\theta}-1 = e^{i\theta/2}(e^{i\theta/2}-e^{-i\theta/2})$$ $$ \frac{e^{i\theta}\left(e^{iP\theta}-1\right)}{e^{i\theta}-1}= \frac{e^{i(P+1)\theta/2}(e^{iP\theta/2}-e^{-iP\theta/2})}{e^{i\theta/2}-e^{-i\theta/2}}=\frac{\sin P\theta/2}{\sin \theta/2}e^{i(P+1)\theta/2}$$ A: $x$ and $y$ say hello. Alternative (definitely inferior but do-able) approach. It is assumed that $\theta$ is a variable, that $P \in \mathbb{R}$, that $[e^{(i\theta)} - 1] \neq 0$ and that you want to express both $|z|$ and $\alpha$ as a function of $\theta$. Set $x_1 = \{[\cos(P\theta)] - 1]\}$ and set $y_1 = [\sin P\theta].$ Set $x_2 = [\cos \theta]$ and set $y_2 = [\sin \theta].$ Set $x_3 = \{[\cos(\theta)] - 1]\}$ and set $y_3 = [\sin \theta].$ Keep in mind that for complex non-zero $z$ and $w$, where $\overline{w}$ signifies the complex conjugate of $w$, you have that $$ \frac{z}{w} = \frac{1}{|w|} \times [z \times \overline{w}].$$ Let $N$ denote the complex number $(x_1 + iy_1) \times (x_2 + iy_2)$. Let $D$ denote $(x_3 + iy_3)$. Then, you want the complex number $z = u + iv$, where $$ z = \frac{N}{D}.$$ Clearly, $u$ and $v$ will be functions of $\theta$. It then becomes straightforward to compute $|z| = \sqrt{u^2 + v^2}$ and then specify $\alpha$ within a modulus of $2\pi$ re $\cos \alpha = \frac{u}{|z|}, ~~ \sin \alpha = \frac{v}{|z|}.$ It is true that $u$ and $v$ will end up being very convoluted expressions in $\theta$ and that attempting to simplify the expression for $\alpha$ in terms of $\theta$ will be a nightmare. However, in terms of offering an algorithm, it is unclear how relevant these points are. <|endoftext|>\section{Introduction} There are strong indications \cite{DiLi} -- \cite{KaRuSha} that the electroweak standard theory predicts a first-order phase transition at high temperatures corresponding to the electroweak scale. The critical bubbles of the transition are solutions of the static electroweak semiclassical equations of motion. The

redpajama

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transition probability can be calculated using Langer's theory \cite{Langer}. The exact production rate is important for the timing of the transition and the determination of the corresponding temperature. The baryon asymmetry of the universe may be generated through bubble expansion because the three Sakharov criteria -- C/CP violation, baryon number violation and nonequilibrium -- are fulfilled. In a proper treatment of the electroweak phase transition the coarse-grained action constructed consistently for the particular problem and the size scale involved should be used. If there are different mass scales one can integrate out first the more massive fields and keep the light fields in an effective action relevant for the phase transition. At high temperature non-static Matsubara modes may be considered as heavy fields. Integrating out these modes leads to a 3-dimensional effective theory with symmetry restoration at high temperature. The related phase transition is predicted to be second-order instead of first-order, however. It becomes first-order due to contributions from static modes. So some of the light modes have to be integrated out as well in calculating the effective action. It is well known that integrating out the non-static modes using the high temperature expansions and then integrating out the static gauge boson fields one has already an effective potential leading to a first-order phase transition. In this spirit it is very natural to integrate out the static Goldstone modes as well. This is most conveniently done in the 't~Hooft-Feynman covariant background gauge. With the pure real scalar background of the bubble configurations one ends up with a 3-dimensional effective Higgs action whose fluctuations still have to be considered. If a small coupling parameter - maybe after some redefinitions - can be identified, the one-loop perturbative expansion for the effective action will be a good approximation. A carefully introduced gauge coupling $g_3(T)^2$ in the broken phase is well behaved throughout the phase transition, and indeed it is not very large for $m_H\leq m_W$. The $Z_H(\varphi)$ factor of the Higgs kinetic term will be calculated explicitly in the 't~Hooft-Feynman covariant background gauge in one-loop order. It differs considerably from that in the Landau gauge. Due to the fact that $Z_H(\varphi)$ is negative in some $\varphi$ range, it is not sensible to include it in this form in the effective action. We will argue that the derivative expansion breaks down in this range. We also inspect the one-loop $Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ prefactor of the kinetic gauge term. It plays no direct role in the bubble action. However, $g_3(T)^2/Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ is the effective gauge coupling at the constant scale $\varphi$. It blows up for $Z_{\rm gauge}\to0$ and this happens already at rather large values of $\varphi \; (>0.4)$ for $m_H>\frac{1}{2}m_W$. Thus except for very small $m_H$ the $\varphi$-range relevant for the bubble configuration may be largely nonperturbative in the effective gauge coupling. Integration of the (enlarged) gauge degrees of freedom to some (one) loop order can in this range at best be suggestive for the form of the effective Higgs action. We will then consider a Higgs effective action with the known one-loop effective potential and a kinetic term with arbitrary constant $Z$ factor. This allows us to come to our main subject, the discussion of radiative corrections in the heat kernel method. Since there is no background gauge field for the bubble configuration, the heat kernel expansion already exists to very high order (and can easily be extended using new methods \cite{SchmSchu, FliSchmSchu}). Thus we can arrive at a very precise treatment of the fluctuations. It turns out that the static prefactor which is essentially the fluctuation determinant gives a strong suppression of the nucleation rate. Its logarithm may be interpreted as the one-loop correction to the effective action of the critical bubble. The comparison between the two values decides on the applicability of the nucleation theory. Section 2 contains a discussion of the 3-dimensional effective high temperature Higgs action obtained from one-loop integration of all the other fields in the 't~Hooft-Feynman background gauge and a critical inspection of derivative expansion and of perturbation theory. In section 3 we first shortly review the nucleation rate based on Langer's theory. We discuss the critical bubbles obtained with the modification mentioned above. In the following we consider the heat kernel method for calculating the fluctuation determinant and develop a particular method to treat zero/instable modes. We present our high accuracy results for the fluctuation prefactor in the transition rate. Section 4 gives our conclusion. Appendix A contains the calculation of $Z$ factors, Appendix B some generalization of the thin-wall bubble solution. Appendix C gives the first six operators in the heat kernel expansion. \section{The Effective Action} \setcounter{equation}{0} The critical bubble solutions describing the first-order phase transition of the electroweak theory are pure Higgs field configurations. They are not solutions of the original fundamental field equations of the electroweak theory, but correspond to an effective action where (part of) the other field degrees of freedom have already been integrated out. It is the aim of the `exact renormalization group approach' to derive such an action well adapted to the size of the bubbles. In the case of a gauge theory this demanding program is just being developed \cite{ReuWe, Ellwanger}. Still a simpler way to discuss critical bubbles is to generate new terms of the Higgs effective action by using low-order perturbation theory, starting from the fundamental Lagrangian. However in a rigorous treatment this requires the identification of appropriate expansion parameters (which may not be possible). \subsection{The high-temperature effective action} In the case of the electroweak phase transition it is appropriate to perform a high temperature expansion. The expansion parameter is $m(T)/T$. The guiding principle is to integrate out the heavy field degrees of freedom to get an effective theory of the light fields. In a first step it is possible to integrate out the non-static Matsubara-frequencies which gain masses proportional to the temperature $T$ ($2n \pi T$ with $n \neq 0$ for bosons and $(2n+1) \pi T$ for fermions). The remaining effective theory is purely bosonic and 3-dimensional. As argued in ref.~\cite{Landsman} the high-temperature dimensional reduction has shortcomings in higher orders of perturbation theory. In a second step the longitudinal component $A_0$ of the gauge field is integrated out. It develops a Debye-mass proportional to $gT$. In a third step we rescale the coordinates and fields \begin{equation} \label{rescale} \vec{x} \rightarrow \frac{\vec{x}}{gv}, \qquad \Phi \rightarrow v\Phi, \qquad A \rightarrow v A \end{equation} where the scale $v$ is left open for the moment. The remaining high-temperature effective action can be written, in the limit of vanishing electroweak mixing angle, as \begin{equation}\label{Sht} S_{\rm ht} = \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} \int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{4} F_{ij}^a F_{ij}^a + (D_i\Phi)^\dagger (D_i\Phi) + V_{\rm ht}(\Phi^\dagger\Phi) \right] \end{equation} with other contributions vanishing powerlike at high temperature, e.g.~a $(\Phi^\dagger \Phi)^3 /T^2$ term. They have been discussed to be unimportant \cite{JaKaPa}. The effective 3-dimensional gauge coupling is defined as \begin{equation} g_3(T)^2 = \frac{g T}{v} \quad. \end{equation} The gauge coupling $g$ has been scaled out of the covariant derivative and the field strength tensor. The high-temperature effective potential is \begin{equation} V_{\rm ht}(\Phi^\dagger\Phi) = \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\left( (\Phi^\dagger\Phi)^2 - \left(\frac{v_0(T)}{v}\right)^2\Phi^\dagger\Phi \right) \quad. \end{equation} $\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v^2}$ is the asymmetric minimum \begin{equation} v_0(T)^2 = \frac{2}{\lambda_T} \left(T_0^2 - T^2 \right) D \

redpajama

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quad. \end{equation} It is negative for $T>T_0$. At these temperatures the global minimum of $V_{\rm ht}(\Phi^\dagger \Phi)$ is the symmetric one at $\Phi^\dagger \Phi = 0$. At $T_0$ it moves continuously to finite values. Therefore this potential predicts a second-order phase transition. The constants are determined by the parameters of the standard model. They can be calculated from the zero temperature masses $\tilde{m}$ and the zero temperature vacuum expectation value of the scalar field $\tilde{v} = 246$ GeV \begin{eqnarray} \tilde{m}^2_W &=& \frac{1}{4} g^2 \tilde{v}^2, \qquad \tilde{m}^2_H = 2\lambda \tilde{v}^2 \nonumber\\ T_0^2 &=& \frac{ \tilde{m}_H^2 - 8\tilde{v}^2 B }{4D} \nonumber\\ D &=& \frac{1}{ 8\tilde{v}^2}(3\tilde{m}_W^2 + 2\tilde{m}_t^2) \nonumber\\ B&=&\frac{3}{64 \pi^2 \tilde{v}^4}(3\tilde{m}_W^4 - 4\tilde{m}_t^4) \quad. \end{eqnarray} The temperature dependent quartic coupling is \begin{eqnarray} \lambda_T &=& \lambda - \frac{3}{16 \pi^2 \tilde{v}^4} \left(3\tilde{m}_W^4 \log\frac{\tilde{m}_W^2}{a_B T^2} \;-\; 4\tilde{m}_t^4 \log\frac{\tilde{m}_t^2}{a_F T^2} \right) \nonumber\\ && \ln(a_B) = 3.91, \qquad \ln(a_F) = 1.14 \quad. \end{eqnarray} The theory described by eq.~(\ref{Sht}) is nothing but the 3-dimensional $SU(2)$ Higgs model; it has 13 field degrees of freedom; 9 from the gauge field and 4 from the scalar field. \subsection{Background field and fluctuations} The high-temperature potential in eq.~(\ref{Sht}) corresponds to a second-order phase transition. From lattice calculation \cite{BuIlKriSchi, KaRuSha}, however, and from the full one-loop effective potential \cite{DiLi} -- \cite{JaKaPa} one expects the electroweak phase transition to be first-order. This will be manifest by integrating out further degrees of freedom. In most cases, a first-order phase transition is initiated by the formation of critical bubbles. The electroweak critical bubbles are pure real Higgs field configurations. We therefore divide the 13 remaining fields into the real background field $\varphi$ and into fluctuations in the following way \begin{eqnarray} A_i^a &\rightarrow & A^a_i + g_3\, a_i^a \qquad A^a_i = 0 \nonumber\\ \Phi &\rightarrow & \Phi + g_3 \phi \nonumber\\ \Phi &=& \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} {0 \choose \varphi} \qquad \phi = \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} {\chi^1 + i\chi^2 \choose \eta + i\chi^3} \quad. \label{bgfl} \end{eqnarray} The fluctuations have to be gauge-fixed in some way. A class of covariant background gauges is given by \begin{equation}\label{gaugefix} F^a = D_i(A)\, a_i^a + i \xi \left( \Phi^\dagger \frac{\sigma^a}{2} \phi - \phi^\dagger \frac{\sigma^a}{2} \Phi \right) = 0 \quad. \end{equation} We use the 't~Hooft-Feynman gauge where the gauge parameter is $\xi = 1$. This is contrary to most publications on the electroweak phase transitions which work in the Landau gauge. Using eq.~(\ref{bgfl}) and eq.~(\ref{gaugefix}) the high temperature action (eq.~(\ref{Sht})) changes into \begin{equation}\label{Sbgfl} S_{\rm ht} + \frac{1}{2 \xi} \int d^3x F^a F^a \;\rightarrow\; S_{\rm ht}^{\rm bg} + \delta S_{\rm lin} + \delta S_{\rm quad} + \ldots \end{equation} with the background field part \begin{equation} \label{Shtbg} S_{\rm ht}^{\rm bg} = \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} \int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{2} \partial_i\varphi \partial_i\varphi + V_{\rm ht}(\varphi^2) \right] \quad. \end{equation} The part which is linear in the fluctuations is proportional to $\eta$, the fluctuation which corresponds to the Higgs field $\varphi$ (cf.~eq.~(\ref{bgfl})) \begin{equation} \delta S_{\rm lin} \propto \frac{1}{g_3(T)} \eta \quad. \end{equation} There are no linear terms in the other fluctuations. This is due to the fact that the background field takes the minimum of this part of the fundamental action. Note that we already made use of the absence of linear terms in integrating out the non-static Matsubara-frequencies. Neglecting tadpoles here was only possible due to the fact that the remaining degrees of freedom are purely 3-dimensional. The part quadratic in the fluctuations is most simply written in matrix notation \begin{eqnarray} \delta S_{\rm quad} &=& \frac{1}{2} \int d^3x \; \; Q^T \cdot \Bigg[ - \partial^2 {\bf 1} + \left( \begin{array}{cccc} U & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & U & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & U & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & m_H^2 \end{array} \right) \Bigg] \cdot Q \nonumber\\ Q^T &=& \left( a_1^1, a_2^1, a_3^1, \chi^1, \quad a_1^2, a_2^2, a_3^2, \chi^2,\quad a_1^3, a_2^3, a_3^3, \chi^3,\quad \eta \right) \quad. \label{Squad} \end{eqnarray} $U$ is a $4 \times 4$-matrix \begin{eqnarray} U &=&U_0 + \delta U \label{U}\\ U_0 &=& \left( \begin{array}{cccc} m_W^2 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & m_W^2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & m_W^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & m_\chi^2 \end{array} \right) \qquad \delta U = \left( \begin{array}{cccc} 0 & 0 & 0 & \partial_1\varphi \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \partial_2\varphi \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \partial_3\varphi \\ \partial_1\varphi & \partial_2\varphi & \partial_3\varphi & 0 \end{array} \right) \quad. \label{U0} \end{eqnarray} The diagonal elements are the finite temperature squared masses \begin{eqnarray} m_H^2 &=& \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\left( 3 \varphi^2 - \left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2 \right) \label{mH}\\ m_\chi^2 &=& \frac{1}{4} \varphi^2 + \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\left( \varphi^2 - \left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2 \right) \\ m_W^2 &=& \frac{1}{4} \varphi^2 \label{mW} \\ m_{\rm gh}^2 &=& \frac{

redpajama

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1}{4} \varphi^2 \quad. \end{eqnarray} They are positive in the range of phase transition, because $\left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2$ is negative. In the broken phase they are of the same order of magnitude while gauge boson and ghost masses vanish in the symmetric phase. Hence there is no mass hierarchy which holds over the whole interesting $\varphi$-range. Note that the $\eta$-fluctuation does not mix with the other fluctuations (eq.~(\ref{Squad})). In addition there are no linear terms proportional to $a_i^a$ or $\chi^a$. In one-loop order it is therefore possible to perform the remaining integrations in two steps. In a first step we integrate out gauge fields, ghosts, and Goldstone bosons to get an effective action for the $\varphi$ field. We might not find a local effective action through this procedure, however, because it is not supported by an appropriate mass hierarchy. Nevertheless we shall discuss a local expansion, because the relevant scale is set by the bubble solutions which will be calculated in section 3.2. Anticipating the results (figure 5) one sees that the corresponding mass which is given by the inverse wall thickness is quite small ($\approx \frac{1}{30}gv(T)$). In a second step, the fluctuations of the $\varphi$ field contributing to the static prefactor of the nucleation rate will be calculated. \subsection{The effective action of the Higgs field $\varphi$} The effective action of the Higgs field $\varphi$ is in one-loop order calculated from \begin{equation} S_{\rm eff}[\varphi] = S_{\rm ht}^{\rm bg}[\varphi] + \delta S[\varphi] \end{equation} with \begin{equation}\label{delS} \delta S = \frac{1}{2}\log \det(-\partial^2 + M_{12}) - \log \det (-\partial^2 + M_{\rm gh}) \quad. \end{equation} The $12 \times 12$ $a$-$\chi$-matrix $M_{12}$ is a part of $\delta S_{\rm quad}$ (eq.~(\ref{Squad})), while the $3 \times 3$ ghost-matrix $M_{\rm gh}$ is easily calculated from the gauge-fixing condition (eq.~(\ref{gaugefix})). \begin{equation}\label{ghmat} M_{\rm gh} = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} m_{\rm gh}^2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & m_{\rm gh}^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & m_{\rm gh}^2 \end{array} \right) \end{equation} The derivative expansion can be carried out by calculating Feynman diagrams, by summing up the relevant contributions of the heat-kernel expansion, or by using a method proposed in ref.~\cite{CarSal}. The latter is explained in more detail in appendix A. The three methods of course yield identical results. One gets the effective action \begin{equation}\label{Seff} S_{\rm eff}[\varphi] = \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} \int d^3x \left[V_{\rm eff}(\varphi) + \frac{1}{2} Z_H(\varphi) \partial_i\varphi \partial_i\varphi + {\cal O}(\partial\varphi^4)\right] \end{equation} with the effective potential \begin{eqnarray} V_{\rm eff}(\varphi) &=& V_{\rm ht} - \frac{g_3(T)^2}{12 \pi} \left( 9 m_W^3 - 6 m_{\rm gh}^3 + 3 m_\chi^3 \right) \label{Veff}\\ &=& \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \left(\frac{1}{4}\varphi^4 - \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2 \varphi^2 \right) \nonumber\\ && - \frac{g_3(T)^2}{12 \pi} \left( \frac{3}{8}\varphi^3 + 3 \left[ \frac{1}{4}\varphi^2 + \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\left( \varphi^2 - \left(\frac{v_0}{v}\right)^2 \right) \right]^{3/2} \right) \label{Veff2} \end{eqnarray} and the $Z$-function \begin{eqnarray} Z_H(\varphi) &=& 1 \;+\; \frac{g_3(T)^2}{4 \pi} \left[ \;-\; \frac{3}{m_W + m_\chi} \;+\; \frac{3}{64} \frac{1}{m_W^3} \varphi^2 \right. \nonumber\\ &&\qquad\qquad\qquad \left. -\; \frac{2}{64} \frac{1}{m_{\rm gh}^3} \varphi^2 \;+\; \frac{1}{64} \frac{1}{m_\chi^3} \left(1 + 4 \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \right)^2 \varphi^2 \right] \quad. \label{Zeff} \end{eqnarray} The effective potential predicts a first-order phase transition. (We are restricting ourselves to zero-temperature Higgs masses $\tilde{m}_H \le \tilde{m}_W$.) In the transition range it has two minima, the symmetric one at $\varphi_S = 0$ and the asymmetric one at $\varphi_A = v(T)$. During the phase transition $\varphi$ takes on values between $\varphi_S$ and $\varphi_A$. The most natural way of rescaling the field in eq.~(\ref{rescale}) is therefore to choose $v = v(T)$. Hence the asymmetric minimum is always at $\varphi_A = 1$. The parameter $\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v(T)^2}$ introduces the temperature dependence into the potential. The effective coupling $g_3(T)$ is related to this parameter by the requirement that the minimum of the potential corresponding to the broken symmetry phase is located at $\varphi_A = 1$, according to the field rescaling. The critical temperature $T_c$ corresponds to the two minima having equal height. At the roll-over temperature $T_{\rm ro}$ the symmetric phase becomes unstable. In figure 1 we show $\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v(T)^2}$ as function of $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$, for $T=T_c$ and $T=T_{\rm ro}$, respectively. $g_3(T)^2$ at $T=T_c$ and $T=T_{\rm ro}$ is shown in figure 2. \subsection{The gauge-fixing dependence of the effective action} The effective potential (eq.~(\ref{Veff2})) is not a polynomial in $\varphi$, due to the non-vanishing $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$-term of the Goldstone mass (eq.~(\ref{Veff2})). Nevertheless, the corrections induced by this term are (at least for $\tilde{m}_H \le \tilde{m}_W$) numerically small. They manifest themselves in three (small) effects: \\ i) The critical temperature $T_c$ and the roll-over temperature $T_{\rm ro}$ are shifted towards higher temperatures. \\ ii) $V_{\rm eff}(\varphi=0)$ is shifted. This is corrected by adding a constant to the potential. We always work with $V_{\rm eff}(0) =0$. \\ iii) The effective Higgs mass defined by $\sqrt{V_{\rm eff}''(\varphi)}$ has different values in the symmetric and in the asymmetric phase. (cf.~our note on the Higgs masses in section 3.3) Note that the contribution from the $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$-term of the Goldstone mass is the only gauge-dependent part of $V_{\rm eff}(\varphi)$. Integrating out gauge bosons, Goldstones and ghosts in the limit of vanishing $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$ the effective potential is independent of the gauge parameter $\xi$. The gauge-fixing dependent contributions due to the non-vanishing $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$ are numerically small. The situation is totally different looking at the

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52, 426, 470, 5, 285, 253, 26640, 581, 387, 669, 4535, 64, 34, 426, 362, 9, 53, 3822, 6408, 253, 3408, 187, 25974, 669, 4535, 5, 3936, 327, 2193, 875, 669, 4535, 64, 52, 5, 285, 669, 4535, 64, 34, 1352, 380, 209, 187, 2252, 3626, 1039, 273, 46595, 272, 253, 1673, 275, 16186, 15, 95, 1035, 709, 92, 373, 25912, 2311, 209, 187, 261, 3103, 281, 5206, 209, 187, 5, 87, 426, 362, 9, 53, 3822, 7757, 253, 26640, 5927, 310, 1900, 387, 669, 4535, 64, 34, 426, 337, 1352, 2490, 187, 510, 4764, 669, 1124, 92, 87, 64, 17, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 1217, 87, 9, 53, 4800, 19, 724, 23970, 253, 3276, 10096, 187, 14806, 253, 2442, 15, 187, 510, 3576, 8789, 370, 72, 64, 20, 9, 53, 1009, 310, 2905, 281, 436, 4764, 407, 253, 209, 187, 15684, 420, 326, 253, 5927, 273, 253, 2442, 3969, 281, 253, 209, 187, 30229, 10377, 3408, 310, 4441, 387, 209, 187, 1202, 4535, 64, 34, 426, 337, 1366, 2556, 281, 253, 1673, 46595, 272, 15, 209, 187, 510, 4619, 3276, 370, 53, 64, 68, 5, 187, 5528, 2541, 84, 281, 253, 767, 46836, 1907, 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$Z$-function (eq.~(\ref{Zeff})). Comparing our results with those obtained in Landau gauge (see e.g.~\cite{BoBuFoHe}) the contribution from the mixed $W$-$\chi$ loops get a factor $\frac{2}{3}$ while the sum of the $W$ and the ghost loops which has to be taken as one part gets a factor 10. The $\chi$-loop contribution is the same. In figure 3 we have plotted the $Z_H$-function at the critical temperature in 't~Hooft-Feynman as well as in Landau gauge. The results are totally different. Note that this strong gauge-fixing dependence can not be cured by introducing a magnetic mass of any reasonable size. In the spirit of ref.~\cite{Wei} one might argue that the gauge-fixing dependence of $Z_H$ in one-loop order cancels against the gauge-fixing dependence of $V_{\rm eff}$ in two-loop order. Indeed in the thin-wall limit, for $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}\rightarrow 0$, one can see explicitly that higher derivative terms compete with lower derivative higher loop terms evaluated in the critical bubble background. Away from this limits, however, we expect that also a cancellation against higher derivative terms of the same loop order plays an important role. \subsection{Limits on derivative expansion and perturbation theory} In calculating $S_{\rm eff}$ we have integrated out the gauge and Goldstone degrees of freedom well separated from the Higgs field $\varphi$ in one-loop order. In the range of small $\varphi$ these are massless or light modes and one has to be aware of the breakdown of derivative expansion: the true effective action is a non-local functional of $\varphi$. Indeed if one calculates higher derivative terms (beyond $(\partial \varphi)^2$) the singularities of the higher order $Z$-factors get worse. If one inserts the critical bubble solutions obtained with the usual kinetic term (and to be discussed in section 3.2) into the effective action functional stated in derivative expansion these terms diverge contrary to the $\int d^3x Z(\varphi) (\partial \varphi)^2$ term. The latter term, however, has defects as well. As mentioned above it is highly gauge-dependent and $Z(\varphi)$ also turns out to become negative in some $\varphi$-range in t'~Hooft-Feynman gauge. This makes it impossible to use the effective action resulting from the derivative expansion for a further treatment of the $\eta$ fluctuations. As an alternative to the derivative expansion, one may perform a heat kernel expansion. This is also a local expansion, but instead of summing contributions of a given number of derivatives to all orders, terms with different number of derivatives are systematically combined order by order. In this way, more and more non-locality is covered. There is no obvious scale and therefore the dynamics of the symmetric phase is plagued by infrared problems. However, what we really want to know is a difference of the bubble effective action to the effective action of the symmetric phase. The bubble solution provides additional scales which may serve as infrared cut-off. As mentioned above (section 2.2) this scale is set by the inverse bubble wall thickness and turns out to be rather small. Therefore, the heat kernel expansion may converge reasonably well also in the presence of massless modes. This will not be attempted in this paper. In order to take non-local effects into account in some approximate way, we shall introduce some $\varphi$ independent wave-function renormalization for the kinetic term of the Higgs field \begin{equation}\label{Sz} S_z[\varphi(\vec x)]=\frac{1}{g_3(T)^2}\int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{2} z(\partial_i\varphi)^2+V_{\rm eff}(\varphi(\vec x)) \right] \quad. \end{equation} $z$ would have to be determined from the true non-local effective action in such a way that $S_z[\varphi]$ approximates that action locally in some neighborhood of the critical bubble (but not globally in field space, which is not possible). Therefore, $z$ is not directly related to the wave-function renormalization $Z_H(\varphi)$ (eq.~(\ref{Zeff})) but also summarizes the effect of all the higher derivative operators. Unfortunately, a fit of $z$ is technically involved and presently not feasible. One should insert trial functions extremizing eq.~(\ref{Sz}) into the higher order heat kernel expansion containing the $12 \times 12$ matrix potential. In the resulting terms the $z$-dependence factorizes out, and the total expression should be extremized with respect to $z$. One could also try to find some average $z_{\rm av}$ arguing that the small $\varphi$-range is not important in the integrated action at least for small $\tilde{m}_H$. In view of the negative $Z(\varphi)$-range we are sceptical about this procedure. Nevertheless we will present a plot of such a $z_{\rm av}$ in section 3.2. Note that the breakdown of the derivative expansion does not automatically imply the breakdown of perturbation theory. To inspect the latter question we calculated (Appendix A) the $Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ prefactor of the gauge-kinetic term in one-loop order. This term does not appear directly in the Higgs Lagrangian but $g_3(T)^2/Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ is the effective gauge coupling at the scale $\varphi$. Figure 4 demonstrates that it becomes big ($Z$ small or negative, respectively) already halfway in $\varphi$ between the broken and unbroken minimum even for small $\tilde{m}_H$ ($\tilde{m}_H=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W$). This means that the perturbative expansion breaks down in a rather big range of $\varphi$ starting from $\varphi=0$, and that we cannot trust the perturbative potential and action for these Higgs field values $\varphi$. This was already emphasized in ref.~\cite{Shapo}. It is not clear, however, at what effective scale the gauge coupling will appear in higher loop order. Nevertheless, one has to expect a rather strong dependence of the bubble solutions on this part of the action (different from sphaleron configurations based on the broken phase \cite{HeKriSch}), Also the potential in the ansatz eq.~(\ref{Sz}) might get nonperturbative contributions. They are not considered in this paper. \section{The Phase Transition} \setcounter{equation}{0} \subsection{Nucleation rate} According to the effective action calculated above the electroweak phase transition is of first-order. It is triggered by bubble nucleation. Just before the transition starts the system is in thermal equilibrium in the metastable symmetric phase. The onset of a first-order phase transition was investigated by Langer \cite{Langer} and successive work \cite{Affleck, Linde} in some detail. The bubble nucleation at the electroweak phase transition has been investigated e.g.~in the references \cite{EnIgKaRu} and \cite{LiuMcLTu}. It is assumed that the total system is dividable into interval and system of interest \cite{Laser}. The influence of the heat bath on the rest is first to induce thermal fluctuations and second to change the free energy of the system of interest. Both influences are only taken into account on average. We divide the total system, which consists of all fields of the standard model, into the $\omega_0$-frequency of the real scalar field $\varphi=\sqrt{2\Phi^\dagger\Phi}$ and the rest. The free energy is given by $\beta F[\varphi(\vec x)]=S[\varphi(\vec x)]$ where $S[\varphi(\vec x)]$ is the effective action. Langer solved the equations of motion in a neighborhood of the saddlepoint, which corresponds to the critical bubble, and got a quasi-stationary solution describing a density flow from the metastable to the stable region. The transition rate $\Gamma$ is the integral of density flow and evaluates to \begin{equation}\label{rate} \Gamma = \frac{\kappa}{2\pi}V\left(\frac{\bar{S}}{2\pi}\right)^{3/2}\frac{1}{\sqrt{ |\lambda_-|}}\left[\frac{\det''K}{\det K_0}\right]^{-1/2}\exp\{-\bar{S}\} \end{equation} where \begin{itemize} \item $\kappa$ is the dynamical prefactor. It takes into account the dynamical characteristics of the heat bath. We will

redpajama

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not calculate it in this paper but refer to the literature \cite{CsKa}. \item $V$ is the spatial volume. \item \begin{equation}\label{Kdef} K=g_3(T)^2\frac{\delta^2S}{\delta\varphi^2}\Bigr\vert_{\bar\varphi(\vec x)} \qquad \qquad K_0=g_3(T)^2\frac{\delta^2S}{\delta\varphi^2}\Bigr\vert_{\varphi s} \end{equation} $\bar\varphi(\vec x)$ is the critical bubble and $\varphi_s$ represents the symmetric phase. $\det''K$ denotes the determinant of $K$, without the negative and the three zero eigenvalues. The negative eigenvalue corresponds to the growing and shrinking of the critical bubble. The zero-modes are due to translational invariance. The factors $g_3(T)^2$ result from a rescaling which makes formulas more convenient. \item $\lambda_-$ is the negative eigenvalue of $K$. \item $\bar{S}=S[\bar\varphi(\vec x)]-S[\varphi_s]$ is the effective action of the critical bubble. \end{itemize} $\bar{S},\lambda_-$ and the static prefactor \begin{equation}\label{prefac} A=\left[\frac{\det'' K}{\det K_0}\right]^{-1/2} \end{equation} are functionals of the critical bubble $\bar\varphi(\vec x)$. The latter depends only on the temperature. The determinants now refer to the Higgs field fluctuations only. One aim of our work is to calculate the rate \begin{equation}\label{R} R=\frac{\Gamma}{V\kappa}=\frac{1}{2\pi}\left(\frac{\bar{S}}{2\pi}\right)^{3/2} \frac{1}{\sqrt{|\lambda_-|}} \, A \, \exp\{-\bar{S}\} \end{equation} as a function of the temperature. We will describe our calculation for the zero-temperature Higgs mass $\tilde{m}_H=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W$ in some detail and report the results for other values of $\tilde{m}_H$ at the end. \subsection{The critical bubble} The critical bubble $\varphi(\vec{x})$ is a saddlepoint of the effective action $S[\varphi]$ and therefore a solution of \begin{equation}\label{ersteVar} \frac{\delta S}{\delta\varphi}\Bigr\vert_{\bar\varphi(\vec x)}=0 \end{equation} with the boundary conditions \begin{equation}\label{3.6} \lim_{\vec{x}\to\infty}\bar\varphi(\vec x)=\varphi_S \qquad \bar\varphi(0)>\varphi_S \quad. \end{equation} Taking the effective action $S_z[\varphi]$ the saddlepoint equation reads \begin{equation}\label{dgl} z\partial^2\bar\varphi_z(\vec x)-V_{\rm eff}'(\bar\varphi_z(\vec x))=0 \quad. \end{equation} By rescaling $\vec x\to\vec x/\sqrt z$ this equation reduces to the one with $z=1$. The solution for arbitrary but constant $z>0$ is therefore \begin{equation}\label{phiz} \bar\varphi_z(\vec x)=\bar\varphi\left(\frac{\vec x}{\sqrt z}\right)\qquad {\rm with}\qquad \bar\varphi=\bar\varphi_{z=1} \quad. \end{equation} To cover the whole temperature range from the new roll-over temperature $T_{\rm ro}$ to the critical temperature $T_c$ we introduce a temperature-like variable y instead of $\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v(T)^2}$ via \begin{eqnarray}\label{ydef} &&\left(\frac{v_0(T)^2}{v(T)^2}\right)_y = \frac{v_0(T_c)^2}{v(T_c)^2} + y \left(\frac{v_0(T_{\rm ro})^2}{v(T_{\rm ro})^2} - \frac{v_0(T_c)^2}{v(T_c)^2} \right) \nonumber\\[1.2ex] &&y = 0.1, 0.2, \ldots, 0.9 \quad. \end{eqnarray} This way of dividing the interesting temperature interval turned out to be much more appropriate than dividing it into equal $\Delta T$ intervals. For a given value of $y$ the temperature $T$ and the effective action (eq.~(\ref{Sz})) are determined; the temperatures are given in table 1. We have calculated the critical bubbles from eq.~(\ref{dgl}) with $z=1$ for these nine $y$'s; they are spherical symmetric and plotted in figure 5. The effective action of the critical bubble with arbitrary $z>0$ is, using eq.~(\ref{phiz}) \begin{eqnarray} {\rm S_z}[\bar\varphi_z]&=&\frac{1}{g_3(T)^2}\int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{2} z \,(\partial_i\bar\varphi_z(\vec x))^2 + V_{\rm eff}(\bar\varphi_z(\vec x)) \right] \nonumber\\ &=&z^{3/2}\quad S_1[\bar\varphi(\vec x)]\label{Sscaling} \end{eqnarray} with \begin{equation}\label{S1} S_1[\bar\varphi(\vec x)]=\frac{1}{g_3(T)^2}\int d^3x \left[ \frac{1}{2} (\partial_i\bar\varphi(\vec x))^2 + V_{\rm eff}(\bar\varphi(\vec x))\right] \quad. \end{equation} This simple scaling behavior clarifies the roll of the corrections to the surface term and allows to proceed without knowing the value of $z$ precisely. Assuming that $V_{\rm eff}$ is renormalized by $V_{\rm eff}(0) =0$ we identify $\bar{S}$ with $S_1[\bar\varphi]$. It is given in table 1 and plotted in figure 9 where single points are connected by a spline (full line). With a known critical bubble configuration one can evaluate \begin{equation} z_{\rm av} = \frac{\int d^3x Z(\bar{\varphi}_z) (\partial \bar{\varphi}_z)^2} {\int d^3x (\partial \bar{\varphi}_z)^2} = \frac{\int d^3x Z(\bar{\varphi}) (\partial \bar{\varphi})^2} {\int d^3x (\partial \bar{\varphi})^2} \end{equation} in order to get an average $z_{\rm av}$. In figure 6 we have plotted it for $\tilde{m}_H = \frac{1}{2} \tilde{m}_W$ versus $y$. However, in our opinion the range near $\varphi = 0$ is not taken into account properly in this way, because $Z(\varphi)$ is unphysical, as argued in section 2.5. \subsection{Eigenvalues of $K$ and $K_0$} Using the effective action $S_z[\varphi]$ (eq.~(\ref{Sz})) the operators $K$ and $K_0$ defined in eq.~(\ref{Kdef}) are \begin{eqnarray} K &=& - z\partial^2 + U \qquad \qquad U = V_{\rm eff}''(\bar{\varphi}_z(r)) \label{K} \\ K_0 &=& - z\partial^2 + U_0 \qquad \quad U_0 = V_{\rm eff}''(\varphi_S) = m_H(T)^2 \quad. \label{K0} \end{eqnarray} $U_0$ is the squared effective mass of the Higgs field in the symmetric phase and the natural mass-scale of the remaining effective action. Note that there is a change in notation. $U$ and $U_0$ are in this chapter no matrices as in eq.~(\ref{U0}) but real-valued functions of $\varphi$. The Higgs mass in eq.~(\ref{mH}) corresponds to the high-temperature action (eq.~(\ref{Sht})). It is $\varphi$ and, via $\frac{v_0}{v}$,

redpajama

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temperature-dependent. $m_H(T)$ defined in eq.~(\ref{K0}) corresponds the effective action of eq.~(\ref{Sz}). It is the effective Higgs mass in the symmetric phase (i.e.~at $\varphi_S$) and hence only temperature dependent. In principle it is possible to define a $\varphi$-dependent effective Higgs mass via $m_H(T,\varphi)^2 = V_{\rm eff}''(\varphi)$, but this squared mass is negative for some $\varphi$-values. We do not need it. The negative eigenvalue of $K$ is determined by the eigenvalue equation \begin{equation}\label{nEuGl} K \,n(\vec x)=(-z\partial^2+V''(\bar\varphi_z(\vec x)) \,n(\vec x) = \lambda_- \,n(\vec x) \quad. \end{equation} By rescaling $\vec x\to \sqrt z\vec x$ and using eq.~(\ref{phiz}) one sees that $\lambda_-$ is independent of $z$. Similarly all other eigenvalues of $K$ and $K_0$ are $z$-independent. We calculated $\lambda_-$ numerically by solving the Schr\"odinger equation (\ref{nEuGl}) with the boundary condition \begin{equation}\label{3.14} \lim_{r\to\infty} n(r)=0 \quad. \end{equation} The static prefactor $A$ (eq.~(\ref{prefac})) is a product of eigenvalues of $K$ and $K_0$ and therefore independent of $z$. We evaluate it for $z=1$. \subsection{Heat-kernel method and calculation of the static prefactor} Starting from \begin{equation}\label{Schwinger} \ln\left(\frac{\det K}{\det K_0}\right) = -{\rm Tr}\int^\infty_0\frac{dt}{t}e^{-at}\left( e^{-t(K-a)}-e^{-t(K_0-a)}\right) \end{equation} it is possible to expand the logarithm in power of $t$ \cite{Carson}. A very elegant method to do this is provided by a new calculation scheme \cite{FliSchmSchu}. One gets \begin{eqnarray}\label{det2} \ln\left(\frac{\det K}{\det K_0}\right)&=&-\sum^\infty_{n=1}\frac{1}{n!} \int^\infty_0\frac{dt}{t}(4\pi t)^{-3/2}e^{-at}t^n(O_n(a)-O^{(0)}_n(a)) \nonumber\\ &=&-\sum^\infty_{n=1}\frac{\Gamma(n-3/2)}{n!}(4\pi)^{-3/2}a^{3/2-n}(O_n(a)- O_n^{(0)}(a)) \quad. \end{eqnarray} The $O_n(a)$'s and $O^{(0)}_n(a)$'s are rather complicated functionals of $\bar\varphi(\vec x)$ which are given in Appendix C. They depend on the mass scale $a$ pulled out in eq.~(\ref{Schwinger}). In doing the $t$-integration for $n=1$ we have dimensionally regularized the UV-divergence which may be traced back to the reduction in dimension \cite{CaMcL}. Note that pulling out the squared mass $a$ in eq.~(\ref{Schwinger}) regularizes the IR-divergencies and makes the $t$-integral finite at the upper bound. This is an advantage over the method proposed in ref.~\cite{DPY}. However eq.~(\ref{Schwinger}) is only valid for positive definite $K$ and $K_0$. In our case, $K$ has one negative and three zero-eigenvalues. Exactly these eigenvalues are left out of the static prefactor (eq.~(\ref{prefac})) of the nucleation rate anyway. On the other hand, we have to drop four eigenvalues of $K_0$ as well, if we want to use eq.~(\ref{Schwinger}), because this equation makes use of the fact that the numbers of eigenvalues of $K$ and $K_0$ are equal. Taking out four times the eigenvalue $U_0$ from $\det K_0$ one gets \begin{eqnarray} && \hspace{-0.6cm} \ln\left( U_0^4 \, \frac{\det{}'' K}{\det K_0} \right) = \ln\left( \frac{\det{}'' K}{\det{}'' K_0} \right) \nonumber \\[0.5ex] &=& \int_0^\infty \frac{dt}{t} \left[ - \left( {\rm Tr}\left\{e^{-t K} \right\} - e^{-t \lambda_-} - 3 \right) + \left( {\rm Tr}\left\{ e^{-t K_0} \right\} - 4 e^{-t U_0} \right) \right] \nonumber \\[0.5ex] &=& \int_0^\infty \frac{dt}{t} e^{-at}\left[ - {\rm Tr}\left\{ e^{-t(K-a)} - e^{-t(K_0-a)} \right\} + \right. \nonumber \\ && \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \left. + \left( e^{-t(\lambda_- -a)} - e^{-t(U_0 -a)} \right) + 3\left( e^{at} - e^{-t(U_0 -a)} \right) \right] \nonumber \\[0.5ex] &=& \int_0^\infty \frac{dt}{t} e^{-at}\left[ - \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} (4\pi)^{-3/2} t^{n-3/2} \left( O_n(a) - O_n^{(0)}(a) \right)+ \right. \label{drop0-}\\ && \quad \qquad + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} t^n \left( (a-\lambda_-)^n - (a-U_0)^n \right) \left. + \, 3 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} t^n \left( a^n - (a-U_0)^n \right) \right] \quad. \nonumber \end{eqnarray} From the sum over the $O$'s only the first few terms are calculable. Therefore we have to truncate the other two sums as well. From similar calculations with other models we found that the truncation is best done at the `same' powers of $t$ rather than at the same number $N$ of terms (see also \cite{Schechter, Fliegner}). This cannot be done straightforwardly however, because the $O$-sum runs over half-integer power of $t$ while the other sums run over full-integer powers. We solved the problem by defining the two functions \begin{eqnarray} X(N,a) &=& \int^\infty_0 \frac{dt}{t} e^{-at} \left[-\sum_{n=1}^N \frac{1}{n!} (4 \pi)^{-3/2} t^{n-3/2} \left( O_n(a) - O_n^{(0)}(a) \right)\right] \nonumber \\ &=& - \sum_{n=1}^N \frac{\Gamma (n-3/2)}{n!} (4\pi)^{-3/2}a^{3/2-n} \left( O_n(a) - O_n^{(0)}(a) \right) \label{X} \end{eqnarray} and \begin{eqnarray} Y(N',a) &=& \int_0^\infty \frac{dt}{t} e^{-at} \sum_{n=1}^{N'} \frac{1}{n!} t^n \left((a-\lambda_-)^n + 3a^n - 4(a-U_0)^n \right) \nonumber \\ &=& \sum_{n=1}^{N'} \frac{1}{n} \left[ \left(\frac{a-\lambda_-}{a} \right) ^n + 3 -4\left(\frac{a-U_0}{a} \right) ^n \right] \quad. \label{Y} \end{eqnarray} While we have been able to

redpajama

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evaluate $X(N,a)$ for $N \in \{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$ \footnote{One could evaluate $X(7,a)$ as well \cite{FliSchmSchu}, but this does not appear necessary in view of the excellent convergence.}, $Y(N',a)$ could be calculated for every integer $N'$. We interpolated $Y(N',a)$ by a spline and defined the functions \begin{equation}\label{WNdef} W_N(a) = X(N,a) + Y(N-\frac{3}{2}, a) \quad. \end{equation} From the equations (\ref{prefac}, \ref{drop0-} -- \ref{WNdef}) \begin{equation} \label{LimWN} \lim_{N \rightarrow \infty} W_N(a) = \ln \left(U_0^4 \frac{\det''K}{\det K_0} \right) = - 2 \ln \left(\frac{A}{m_H(T)^4} \right) \end{equation} follows. While the $W_N(a)$'s are functions of $a$, the limit is not. This will give us a good criterion for the quality of convergence \cite{Laser}. For every critical bubble calculated above we have evaluated the functions $W_1(a)$, \ldots, $W_6(a)$. Figure 7 shows the typical behavior. If $a$ -- the squared mass pulled out -- is too small, there is no convergence at all. If $a$ is too big, the convergence is bad. But if $a$ is similar to the natural mass scale $U_0$, the functions converge quite well towards a constant, which is plotted as dashed line. There are several sources of error in the outlined procedure: numerical errors, ambiguities in interpolating $Y(N',a)$ and uncertainties in fixing the limit of the $W_N(a)$'s. We have estimated them to be less than 2\%. The values of $\ln(A/T^4)$ are listed in table 1 and plotted in figure 9 (dashed line). \subsection{The static prefactor and the effective action of the critical bubble} Up to now the static prefactor has usually been estimated from dimensional reasons as $T^4$ \cite{Linde}, or as $m_H(T)^4$ \cite{LiuMcLTu}. There are some other calculations of the prefactor, which take only into account the lowest eigenvalues of $K$ \cite{BuFoHeWa, CoKaMau}. The results of these calculations are somewhere between the two dimensional estimates. To compare our results with these values we have expressed $A$ in units of GeV. In figure 8 they are plotted together with these two estimates. One sees that the static prefactor calculated by us varies substantially from $y=0.1$ to $y=0.9$. On the side of the critical temperature $(y=0)$ it is much smaller than previous values. This results in a much smaller nucleation rate. In a recent paper \cite{BaKi} the fluctuation corrections to critical bubbles calculated from the usual model effective potential are discussed. The method is based on the solution of Schr\"odinger type eigenvalue equations and totally different from our procedure. Unfortunately the present results are hard to compare because in ref.~\cite{BaKi} the high-temperature limit is not taken and because the potential differs in detail. A comparison of the two methods in a common case would be very interesting. The logarithm of the rate $R/T^3$ defined in eq.~(\ref{R}) is \begin{equation} \ln \left( \frac{R}{T^3} \right) = \ln \left( \frac{1}{2\pi}\left(\frac{\bar{S}}{2\pi}\right)^{3/2} \frac{T}{\sqrt{|\lambda_-|}} \right) + \ln \left( \frac{A}{T^4} \right) - \bar{S} \quad. \end{equation} The different contributions are plotted in comparison in figure 9. One sees that the first one is small and nearly constant. The nucleation rate is determined by $-\bar{S}$ and $\ln(A/T^4)$. The comparison of these two values decides on the reliability of our results. $-\ln(A/T^4)$ is nothing but the one-loop correction to $\bar{S}$ coming from scalar loops. Therefore $|\ln(A/T^4)|\ll \bar{S}$ is required for consistency. Very close to the critical and the roll-over temperature it matters that the radiative corrections shift the values of $T_c$ and $T_{\rm ro}$. This effect should perhaps better be incorporated in the quasiclassical effective action. In our approach it causes an increase of the static prefactor near these temperatures. However, investigating the electroweak phase transition the interesting temperatures are well separated from $T_c$ and $T_{\rm ro}$, as we will see below. In Langer's theory the static prefactor $A$ takes the possibility into account that the phase transition may be started by a bubble which differs from the critical one. On the other hand the whole theory is based on a solution of the equations of motion in the neighborhood of the saddlepoint that corresponds to the critical bubble. From this reasoning one again gets that $|\ln(A/T^4)|\ll \bar{S}$ should be valid. This comparison is not unambiguous because $\bar{S}$ is dimensionless while $A$ is not. Expressing $A$ in $T$ seems to be appropriate because the temperature is the typical scale of the phase transition. Therefore the nucleation rate calculated by us is not reliable at temperatures near the roll-over temperature $y=1$. Taking estimates based on cosmological reasons however, the electroweak phase transition starts when $\ln(R/T^3)\approx 140$. \footnote{Here we have assumed that $\kappa={\cal O}(1)$.} The relative starting temperature is therefore $y_s=0.42$. At this temperature $|\ln(A/T^4)| \approx 0.3 \bar{S}$. This is an acceptable correction. However, with $z$ smaller than 1 we find according to eq.~(\ref{Sscaling}) an additional suppression of the leading term ($\bar{S}$), i.e. the the one-loop contribution becomes relatively more important, indicating a less convergent loop expansion. \subsection{Results for other Higgs masses} The numerical calculations presented have been done for the zero temperature Higgs masses $\tilde{m}_H=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W, \frac{3}{4}\tilde{m}_W$ and $\tilde{m}_W$. The results are listed in the tables 1, 2 and 3. The critical temperature $T_c$ and the roll-over temperature $T_{\rm ro}$ depend on the Higgs mass. One should compare values corresponding to different masses at the same relative temperature $y$ defined in eq.~(\ref{ydef}). The actions $\bar{S}$ of the critical bubbles depend strongly on the Higgs mass, while the Higgs mass dependence of the static prefactor is only small. Although the rates are quite different for the three masses the relative onset temperatures differ only moderately. This is due to the fact that the rates decrease rapidly when the temperature is lowered. We have listed the relative onset temperatures in table 4 together with the corresponding values of $\bar{S}$, $\ln(A/T^4)$ and the quotient of both. This quotient decides, as argued above, on the reliability of the nucleation rate formula (eq.~(\ref{rate})). One sees that the corrections get worse if the Higgs mass increases. \subsection{Comparison with the thin-wall approximation} If the temperature is just below the critical temperature $T_c$ the radius $R$ of the critical bubble is much larger than the size of the bubble wall $\Delta R$. In the limit $T \rightarrow T_c$ and $\Delta R \ll R$ the effective action of the critical bubble can be written as (for $z=1$) \begin{equation} \bar{S}_{\rm TW} = \frac{1}{g_3^2} \frac{16 \pi \sigma^3}{3 \epsilon^2} \end{equation} with the volume energy \begin{equation} \epsilon = - V_{\rm eff}(T,\varphi_A) \end{equation} and the surface tension \begin{equation} \sigma

redpajama

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= \int^{\varphi_A}_{\varphi_S} d\varphi \sqrt{2V_{\rm eff}(T_c,\varphi(r))} \end{equation} (cf.~appendix B). The values of $\sigma$ are given in table 5. The values of $\bar{S}_{\rm TW}$ are listed in comparison with the full numerical values of the critical bubbles effective actions. (See figure 10 as well.) The shape of the critical bubbles is far from thin-wall except in the case $y=0.1$ (cf.~figure 5, for other Higgs masses the bubbles are similar). Nevertheless the thin-wall estimates of the corresponding effective actions are quite good even for smaller temperatures. On the other hand one has to calculate the critical bubble configurations themselves if one wants to evaluate the static prefactor. \section{Discussion and Conclusions} Our main result is a very accurate determination of the Higgs fluctuation determinant for critical bubble solutions for an action (eq.~(\ref{Sz})). It leads to a rather drastic change in the prefactor $A$ of the transition rate compared to previous rough estimates as indicated in figure 8. The transition is suppressed stronger. It is interesting to note that the radiative corrections do not depend on the normalization factor $z$ while the quasiclassical bubble action scales with $z^{3/2}$. In our procedure to evaluate the heat kernel expansion it was essential that we go to a rather high order, that we take out a variable scale and that we treat the subtraction of the unstable and zero modes carefully. The separate interpolation for integer and half integer $O_n$ before the subtraction is essential for the quality of the approximation. We have also discussed the critical bubble configurations and their action for various temperatures between $T_c$ and $T_{\rm ro}$, and Higgs masses. For $\tilde{m}_H \leq \frac{3}{4}\tilde{m}_W$ and temperatures not too close to $T_{\rm ro}$ the radiative corrections are small compared to the $z=1$ quasiclassical action term (see table 2). Surprisingly the thin-wall approximation for the action is quite good at temperatures where the critical bubble profile is not `thin-wall' any more. The dependence of the action on the constant $Z$-factor can be taken out explicitly. It is an interesting side remark that the usual thin-wall machinery goes through even for arbitrary positive factors $Z(\varphi)$ (Appendix B). In the first part of the paper we discussed the status of a perturbative effective Higgs action. The 't~Hooft-Feynman covariant background gauge is particularly well suited for a discussion of the separate integration of gauge, Goldstone, and ghost fields, and also avoids IR problems near the broken phase vacuum. The size of the rescaled 3-dimensional gauge coupling $g_3(T)^2$ in the broken phase changes smoothly in the phase transition and is not very big and not very small; thus both the perturbative expansion in $g^2_3$ and the high temperature expansion seem to work. The inspection of the one-loop $Z$ prefactors of the Higgs and gauge-kinetic terms tells us however, that this is only true in the broken phase. Even at small $\tilde{m}_H\sim\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W$ the Higgs $Z_H(\varphi)$ (figure 3) becomes negative already at rather big values of $\varphi$ of the Higgs fields in our gauge. Different from the one-loop potential, $Z_H(\varphi)$ is very gauge-dependent and differs from the Landau gauge. The negativity of $Z_H$ cannot be changed by the introduction of a reasonable magnetic mass. The latter can only change the singular behavior of $Z_H(\varphi)$ for $\varphi$ very close to zero. As we argued in chapter 3, this signals the breakdown of the derivative expansion. Even worse, the gauge field $Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$ becomes negative at still larger values of $\varphi$. Since it gives the static $\varphi$-dependent effective gauge coupling\footnote{We have checked that this behavior gives the bound $\frac{m_W(T,\varphi)}{T}>0.1$ for a perturbative treatment to be compared with $\frac{m_W(T,\varphi)}{T}>0.2$ from a renormalization group calculation \cite{ReuWe2}.} $g_3(T)^2/Z_{\rm gauge}(\varphi)$, this signals the breakdown of perturbation theory for a big range of $\varphi$ already at small $\tilde{m}_H\sim\frac{1}{2}\tilde{m}_W$ (figure 4), though the optimal choice of a scale of a gauge coupling in multi-loop calculations in the background of a critical bubble is not known. Thus, the use of a Higgs action (eq.~(\ref{Sz})) inspired by perturbation theory in the discussion of the critical bubbles does not have a firm ground. The `small' $\varphi$ region contributes directly to the critical bubble action through the Higgs kinetic term and not so much through the potential, but of course there is an indirect effect of the potential changing (perhaps drastically) the critical bubble configuration itself. \section*{Acknowledgments} We would like to thank W.~Buchm\"uller and C.~Wetterich for useful discussions. \newpage \section*{Appendix A: Calculation of the Wave Function Renormalization $Z$ Factors} \setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\theequation}{A.\arabic{equation}} In this Appendix we calculate the $Z$ factors in front of the kinetic terms. We work in 't~Hooft-Feynman background gauge (eq.~(\ref{gaugefix})). We first assume that there is only a real scalar background field (eq.~(\ref{bgfl})). The task is to expand $\delta S$ (eq.~(\ref{delS})) in powers of $\partial \varphi$. It reduces to the calculation of \begin{equation}\label{Wld} W = \log \det (-\partial^2 + U) = \frac{1}{3} \log \det (-\partial^2 + M_{12}) \end{equation} where $U$ is given in eq.~(\ref{U}). Following \cite{CarSal} we expand \begin{equation}\label{W} W = \int \frac{d^3k}{(2 \pi)^3} \left[ \int d^3 x {\rm tr} \log (\Delta^{-1}) + \frac{k^2}{3} \int d^3x {\rm tr} (\partial_i \Delta)^2 + \ldots \; \right] \end{equation} where \begin{equation} \Delta = (k^2 + U(\varphi(\vec{x}))^{-1} \quad. \end{equation} tr denotes the trace over the $4 \times 4$-matrices. The logarithm is expanded as \begin{eqnarray} {\rm tr} \log (\Delta ^{-1}) &=& {\rm tr} \log (k^2 + U_0 + \delta U) \nonumber \\ &=& {\rm tr} \log \left(\Delta_0^{-1} (1 + \Delta_0 \delta U)\right) \nonumber \\ &=& {\rm tr} \left[\log(\Delta_0^{-1}) + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{n} (\Delta_0 \delta U)^n \right] \end{eqnarray} where $U_0$ and $\delta U$ are given in eq.~(\ref{U0}) and \begin{equation} \Delta_0 = (k^2 + U_0)^{-1} = \left( \begin{array}{cccc} (k^2 + m_W^2)^{-1} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & (k^2 + m_W^2)^{-1} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & (k^2 + m_W^2)^{-1} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & (k^2 + m_\chi^2)^{-1} \\ \end{array} \right) \end{equation} Calculating the $Z$-function only the terms proportional to $(\partial \varphi)^2$ are of interest. Hence only the $n = 2$ term contributes, and the relevant part of the first term on the r.h.s.~of eq.~(\ref{W}) is \begin{eqnarray} && \int \frac{d^3k}{(2 \pi)^3} \int d^3x \frac{1}{2}

redpajama

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{\rm tr} (\Delta_0 \delta U \Delta_0 \delta U) \nonumber\\ &=& \int \frac{d^3 k}{(2 \pi)^3} \int d^3 x \frac{1}{k^2 + m_W^2} \frac{1}{k^2 + m_\chi^2} (\partial_i \varphi)^2 \nonumber\\ &=& \int d^3x \frac{1}{4 \pi} \frac{1}{m_W + m_\chi} (\partial_i \varphi)^2 \quad. \label{1stterm} \end{eqnarray} To evaluate the second term on the r.h.s.~of eq.~(\ref{W}) we make use of the fact that \begin{equation} \Delta = \Delta_0 + {\cal O}(\partial \varphi) \quad. \end{equation} Since we are only interested in terms proportional to $(\partial \varphi)^2$ we may replace $\Delta$ by $\Delta_0$. The latter is diagonal and the trace tr reduces to a sum over the field degrees of freedom. For one degree one gets \begin{eqnarray} &&\int \frac{d^3k}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{k^2}{3} \int d^3x (\partial_i (k^2 + m^2)^{-1})^2 \nonumber \\ &=& \int d^3x \frac{1}{3} \int \frac{dk}{(2 \pi)^3} \left( \frac{-k^2}{(k^2 + m^2)^2} \left( \frac{\partial m^2}{\partial \varphi} \right) \partial_i \varphi \right)^2 \nonumber \\ &=& \int d^3x \frac{1}{192\pi} \frac{1}{m^3} \left( \frac{\partial m^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2 (\partial_i \varphi)^2 \quad. \label{2ndterm} \end{eqnarray} The ghost calculation is exactly the same (cf.~eq.~(\ref{delS}) and eq.~(\ref{ghmat}) ). Finally one has to put the parts together and get the factors right. Eq.~(\ref{2ndterm}) has to be summed over 9 gauge fields components, 3 Goldstones and 3 ghosts. Eq.~(\ref{1stterm}) has to be multiplied by 3 from eq.~(\ref{Wld}). From eq.~(\ref{delS}) one gets a factor $\frac{1}{2}$ respectively $-1$. The result is \begin{eqnarray} &&\int d^3x \; \frac{1}{2}\; \left[ -\; \frac{3}{4 \pi} \frac{1}{m_W + m_\chi} \;+\; \frac{3}{64 \pi} \frac{1}{m_W^3} \left(\frac{\partial m_W^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2\right. \nonumber\\ &&\qquad\qquad \left. \quad-\; \frac{2}{64 \pi} \frac{1}{m_{\rm gh}^3} \left(\frac{\partial m_{\rm gh}^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2 \;+\; \frac{1}{64 \pi} \frac{1}{m_\chi^3} \left(\frac{\partial m_\chi^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2 \right] (\partial_i \varphi)^2 \quad. \end{eqnarray} Taking into account the factor $\frac{1}{2g_3^2}$ of eq.~(\ref{Seff}) one gets $Z_H(\varphi)$ (eq.~(\ref{Zeff})). Integrating out the Higgs field as well, the effective potential (eq.~(\ref{Veff})) gets an additional $-g_3(T)^2\frac{1}{12 \pi} m_H^3$ term while the $Z_H$-factor (eq.~(\ref{Zeff})) is modified by \begin{equation} +\; \frac{1}{192 \pi} g_3(T)^2 \frac{1}{m_H^3} \left(\frac{\partial m_H^2}{\partial \varphi} \right)^2 \quad. \end{equation} With the complex scalar doublet and the gauge field as background fields the same method gives a $Z$-function in front of the kinetic Goldstone term \begin{equation}\label{A.7} Z_\chi = 1 - g_3(T)^2 \frac{1}{24\pi} \left(\frac{\lambda}{g^2} - \frac{1}{8}\right)^2 \varphi^2m_\chi^{-3} - g_3(T)^2 \frac{1}{4\pi} \left( \frac{2}{m_W + m_\chi} + \frac{1}{m_W + m_H} \right) \end{equation} and in front of $\frac{1}{4} F_{ij}^a F_{ij}^a$ \begin{equation} Z_{\rm gauge} = 1 - g_3(T)^2 \frac{1}{8 \pi} \left[ \frac{7}{m_W} - \frac{1}{8m_\chi} - \frac{1}{24m_H} + \frac{1}{3m_{\rm gh}} \right] \quad. \end{equation} The logarithmic derivative of $Z_{\rm gauge}$ is the $\beta$-function of the theory. $Z_{\rm gauge}$ is plotted in figure 4 for $\tilde{m}_H = \frac{1}{2} \tilde{m}_W$, $\frac{3}{4} \tilde{m}_W$ and $\tilde{m}_W$ versus $\varphi$. \section*{Appendix B: The Thin-Wall Approximation} \setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\theequation}{B.\arabic{equation}} If the extension $\Delta R$ of the bubble wall is small compared to the radius $R$ of the critical bubble its effective action $S_1[\bar{\varphi}(r)]$ (eq.~(\ref{S1})) may be written as \begin{eqnarray} S_{\rm TW}[\bar{\varphi}(r)] &=& \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} 4\pi \left[ \int\limits_0^{R-\Delta R/2} dr r^2 V(\bar{\varphi}(r)) + \int\limits_{R-\Delta R/2}^{R+\Delta R/2} dr r^2 \left[ \frac{1}{2}(\partial_r \bar{\varphi}(r))^2 + V(\bar{\varphi}(r)) \right] \right] \nonumber\\ &\approx& \frac{1}{g_3(T)^2} \left[ 4\pi R^2 \sigma - \frac{4\pi}{3} R^3 \epsilon \right] \label{STWinitial} \end{eqnarray} with \begin{eqnarray} \epsilon &=& -V(\varphi_A)\\ \sigma &=& \int_{R-\Delta R/2}^{R+\Delta R/2} dr \left[ \frac{1}{2}(\partial_r \bar{\varphi}(r))^2 + V(\bar{\varphi}(r)) \right] \quad. \end{eqnarray} In this appendix $V(\varphi)$ designates the effective potential. We assume that it is normalized by $V(0)=0$. Using $\Delta R \ll R$ again the saddlepoint equation (\ref{dgl}) reads ($z$=1) \begin{equation} \frac{d^2 \bar{\varphi}(r)}{dr^2} = V'(\bar{\varphi}(r)) \quad. \end{equation} Solutions of this equation have the `constant of motion' \begin{equation}\label{SolutionTW} \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{d \bar{\varphi}(r)}{dr}\right)^2 - V(\bar{\varphi}(r)) \end{equation} which is equal to $V(r\rightarrow \infty) = V(\varphi_S) = 0$ due to boundary conditions. Hence the surface tension may be written as \begin{equation}\label{sigma} \sigma = \int^{\varphi_A}_{\varphi_S} d\varphi \sqrt{2V(\varphi(r))} \quad. \end{equation} This integral is only real

redpajama

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in the limit $T\rightarrow T_c$ where the derivation is exact. Maximizing the thin-wall effective action with respect to the radius one gets the critical radius \begin{equation} R_c = \frac{2 \sigma}{\epsilon} \end{equation} and the effective action of the critical bubble as function of the surface tension $\sigma$ and the volume energy $\epsilon$ \begin{equation}\label{STW} \bar{S}_{\rm TW} = \frac{1}{g_3^2} \frac{16 \pi \sigma^3}{3 \epsilon^2} \end{equation} which has been evaluated in section 3.7. Using that $V(\varphi)$ scales with $\frac{\lambda_T}{g^2}$ in leading order one gets \begin{equation} \epsilon \propto \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \qquad \sigma \propto \left( \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \right)^{1/2} \qquad \bar{S}_{\rm TW} \propto \left( \frac{\lambda_T}{g^2} \right)^{-1/2} \quad. \end{equation} The thin-wall approximation may even be done analytically for the effective action \begin{equation}\label{SZphi} S[\varphi(\vec x)]=\frac{1}{g_3(T)^2}\int d^3x \left[\frac{1}{2}Z(\varphi) (\partial _i\varphi)^2+V(\varphi(\vec x)) \right] \end{equation} with a general $\varphi$-dependent positive $Z(\varphi)$. The saddlepoint equation reads in this case \begin{equation} Z(\bar{\varphi})\partial^2\bar{\varphi}+\frac{Z'(\bar{\varphi})}{2} (\partial \bar{\varphi})^2 = V'(\bar{\varphi}) \quad. \end{equation} With the substitution \begin{equation} V(\varphi)=\tilde V(\varphi)\cdot Z(\varphi) \end{equation} we obtain \begin{equation} Z(\bar{\varphi})\partial^2\bar{\varphi} = Z(\bar{\varphi}) \tilde{V}'(\bar{\varphi}) + Z'(\tilde{V}'-\frac{1}{2}(\partial\bar{\varphi})^2) \end{equation} which is in thin-wall approximation solved by \begin{equation} \frac{d\bar{\varphi}}{dr}=\sqrt{2\tilde{V}(\bar{\varphi}(r))} \quad. \end{equation} Repeating the steps from eq.~(\ref{STWinitial}) to eq.~(\ref{STW}) but using this solution instead of eq.~(\ref{SolutionTW}) we one may bring eq.~(\ref{SZphi}) into the form eq.~(\ref{STW}), but with \begin{equation} \sigma_Z = \int^{\varphi_A}_{\varphi_S} d\varphi \sqrt{2 Z(\varphi) V(\varphi(r))} \end{equation} instead of $\sigma$ of eq.~(\ref{sigma}). For constant $Z(\varphi) = z$ this changes $S_{\rm TW}$ by a factor $z^{3/2}$ as it should according to eq.~(\ref{Sscaling}). \section*{Appendix C: Operators of the Heat Kernel Expansion} \setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\theequation}{C.\arabic{equation}} The first six of the functionals $O_n(a)$ respectively $O_n^{(0)}(a)$ introduced in eq.~(\ref{det2}) are \cite{CaMcL,FliSchmSchu} \begin{eqnarray} O_1 &=& \int dx \biggl( U \biggr) \cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_2 &=& {1\over 2!} \int dx \biggl( U^2 \biggr) \cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_3 &=& {1\over 3!} \int dx \biggl( U^3 + {1\over 2} \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U \biggr) \cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_4 &=& {1\over 4!} \int dx \biggl( U^4 + 2 U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U + {1\over5} \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \biggr) \cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_5 &=& {1\over 5!} \int dx \biggl( U^5 + 3 U^2 \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U + 2 U \partial_{\kappa} U U \partial_{\kappa} U + U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U + {5\over 3} \partial_{\kappa} U\partial_{\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \cr &&\qquad\qquad + {1\over 14} \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U \biggr)\cr \noalign{\vskip8pt} O_6 &=& {1\over6!} \int dx \biggl( U^6 + 4 U^3 \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U + 6 U^2 \partial_{\kappa} U U \partial_{\kappa} U + {12\over7} U^2 \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U\cr &&\qquad\qquad + {9\over7} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U + {26\over7} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U + {26\over7} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U\cr &&\qquad\qquad + {17\over14} \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U + {18\over7} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\lambda} U + {9\over7} \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\kappa} U \partial_{\lambda} U \partial_{\lambda} U\cr &&\qquad\qquad + {3\over7} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U + \partial_{\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U + \partial_{\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U\cr &&\qquad\qquad + {11\over21} \partial_{\kappa\lambda} U \partial_{\lambda\mu} U \partial_{\mu\kappa} U + {1\over42} \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu\nu} U \partial_{\kappa\lambda\mu\nu} U \biggr) \end{eqnarray} where $U$ is to replace by $U-a$ respectively $U_0 -a$. $U$ and $U_0$ are given in eq.~(\ref{K}) and eq.~(\ref{K0}). \newpage <|endoftext|>I’m not talking about farmers markets or flea markets. In Joburg, the term “market” usually refers to a gathering of eclectic food and craft vendors where people go to eat, drink, shop for specialty products, and to see and be seen. The markets always happen either on weekend days or weekday nights, either weekly or monthly. These markets are popping up all over the city, and they are very trendy, and for a long time I was judgey about them. I had this idea that all the offerings at all the markets are basically the same, and I couldn’t see the point of going to a market when I can just eat in an actual restaurant or shop in an actual store. So when I was invited to attend the Stall Night Market at Cedar Square Shopping Centre and write a blog post about it, I hesitated. A night market in the parking lot of a shopping mall, in Fourways? (I’m also judgey about Fourways, exurban land of massive malls and housing complexes.) I wasn’t so sure. The night market at Cedar Square. Then I told myself to stop being a diva and open my mind. So I went to Fourways, to the shopping mall parking lot,

redpajama

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.foo { position: absolute; display: block; } .foo { position: center; display: block; } .foo { float: left; display: block; } .foo { position: fixed; display: block; display: inline-block; } <|endoftext|>This report shows the usage statistics of.dz (Algeria) vs..pg (Papua New Guinea) vs..radio (Radio) as top level domain on the web. See technologies overview for explanations on the methodologies used in the surveys. Our reports are updated daily.<|endoftext|>Q: ImportError: No module named phonenumbers in Odoo (OpenERP v8) I'm trying to intall the asterisk_click2dial module on ODOO and this error comes to me in the log file: ValueError: Routing: posting a message without model should be with a parent_id (private mesage). 2015-03-09 15:23:38,262 11093 ERROR? werkzeug: Error on request: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/odoo/odoo/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 177, in run_wsgi execute(self.server.app) File "/home/odoo/odoo/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 165, in execute application_iter = app(environ, start_response) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/service/server.py", line 281, in app return self.app(e, s) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/service/wsgi_server.py", line 216, in application return application_unproxied(environ, start_response) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/service/wsgi_server.py", line 202, in application_unproxied result = handler(environ, start_response) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/http.py", line 1274, in __call__ self.load_addons() File "/opt/odoo/openerp/http.py", line 1293, in load_addons m = __import__('openerp.addons.' + module) File "/opt/odoo/openerp/modules/module.py", line 79, in load_module mod = imp.load_module('openerp.addons.' + module_part, f, path, descr) File "/opt/odoo/addons/base_phone/__init__.py", line 23, in <module> from. import wizard File "/opt/odoo/addons/base_phone/wizard/__init__.py", line 23, in <module> from. import number_not_found File "/opt/odoo/addons/base_phone/wizard/number_not_found.py", line 25, in <module> import phonenumbers ImportError: No module named phonenumbers The problem is just that I installed that module (phonenumbers) plus the py-Asterisk module without errors using pip install phonenumbers and pip install py-Asterisk and the error persists. I noticed I have at least two versions of python installed (2.6 and 2.7) but both modules are installed at the same version from odoo (I can see the modules in the python2.7 cli when, for example, I write phonenumbers or search). Has anybody any idea what is happening to me? I'd be gratefull for some specific response. Thanks. Here the connector's page: OpenERP - Asterisk connector A: Ok, my bad. During odoo instalation I created a virtual environment under the Odoo system user account which was used solely by the Odoo server so I just need to install these modules under that enviorment. This works for me: First let’s switch from root to the odoo user, then create a new virtual environment called odoo and activate it: su - odoo /usr/local/bin/virtualenv --python=/usr/local/bin/python2.7 odoo source odoo/bin/activate (If you have the virtual environment created like me just ignore the second line). Before starting the module installation we need to add the path to the PostgreSQL binaries, otherwise the PsycoPG2 module install will fail (I ignored this one too): export PATH=/usr/pgsql-9.3/bin:$PATH Then I can do pip install... Thank you all for your help. <|endoftext|>Иван Иванович Полнер (1820—1892) — российский государственный деятель, сенатор. Действительный тайный советник (1890). Биография Родился 19 марта 1820 года. В службе и в классном чине с 1841 года после окончания юридического факультета Императорского Харьковского университета, служил по министерству просвещения. С 1846 года столоначальник канцелярии Новороссийско-Бессарабского генерал-губернатора. С 1851 года обер-секретарь 1-го Отделения 3-го Департамента Правительствующего Сената. С 1855 года назначен на должность Нижегородского губернского прокурора. С 1859 года юрисконсульт при обер-прокуроре Святейшего Правительствующего синода. С 1860 года произведён в статские советники, в 1862 году в — действительные статские советники, в 1865 году в — тайные советники. С 1866 года член Санкт-Петербургской уголовной палаты. С 1867 года председателем Харьковской судебной палаты. С 1869 года сенатор Кассационного департамента, с 1890 года Департамента герольдии и Общего собрания Судебного и Межевого Департаментов Правительствующего сената. С 1881 года председатель Комиссии для изготовления нового издания Судебных уставов. С 1883 года действительный член Совета Императорского Человеколюбивого общества. В 1890 году произведён в действительные тайные советники. Был награждён всеми российскими орденами вплоть до ордена Святого Александра Невского с бриллиантовыми знаками пожалованные ему 1 января 1892 года. Умер 8 июля 1892 года в Санкт-Петербурге. Литература Пономарёв В. П., Шабанов В. М. Кавалеры Императорского ордена Святого Александра Невского, 1725—1917: биобиблиографический словарь в трёх томах. Том 2. — М., 2009 г. — С. 315—316. — ISBN 978-5-89577-145-7 Действительные тайные советники Сенаторы Российской империи<|endoftext|>«Чка́ловская» — станция Московского метрополитена на Люблинско-Дмитровской линии. Связана пересадками с двум

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я станциями «Курская», одна из которых располагается на Арбатско-Покровская линии, другая — на Кольцевой. Расположена в Басманном районе (ЦАО); названа по улице Чкалова, которой ещё до открытия станции было возвращено историческое название Земляной Вал. Открыта 28 декабря года в составе участка «Чкаловская» —. Пилонная трёхсводчатая станция глубокого заложения с одной островной платформой. История Станция открыта 28 декабря года в составе участка «Чкаловская» —, после открытия которого в Московском метрополитене стало 157 станций. Оформление Пилоны отделаны серо-голубым мрамором, пол выложен чёрным, серым и розовым гранитом. Путевые стены отделаны белым мрамором. На пилонах и своде станции расположены оригинальные светильники. Оформление посвящено авиации и Герою Советского Союза лётчику Валерию Чкалову (1904—1938). Когда станцию проектировали в середине 1980-х годов, расположенная в непосредственной близости от станции улица носила название улица Чкалова. В 1992 году улице было возвращено историческое название — улица Земляной Вал. Таким образом, географическая связь названия станции с объектом расположения была утрачена. Расположение, вестибюли и пересадки Расположена между станциями и, имеет пересадки на станции «Курская» Арбатско-Покровской линии (переход в северном торце центрального зала) и Кольцевой линии (через совмещённый подземный вестибюль в южном торце, с которым станция соединена эскалаторами). Последний также является единственным выходом в город со станции. В непосредственной близости от станции находятся Курский вокзал, конечная остановка «Курский вокзал» для трамвайных маршрутов Б, 20, 24 и торгово-развлекательный центр «Атриум». Подземный вестибюль был законсервирован вскоре после открытия станции (здесь сохранились два эскалатора). В 2015 году его планировали снести из-за строительства гостиничного комплекса. На конец 2019 года никакие работы по сносу не начинались, вестибюль находится на территории строящегося ЖК «Чкалов». Станция в цифрах Глубина заложения станции — 51 метр. Пассажиропоток по вестибюлям станции (на год), пересадочный пассажиропоток на Арбатско-Покровскую линию —, пассажиропоток на Кольцевую линию —. Путевое развитие За станцией расположена имеющая съезды с обоими главными путями служебная соединительная ветвь на Кольцевую линию, также используемая и для оборота составов. Наземный общественный транспорт Фотогалерея См. также Список станций Московского метрополитена Примечания Ссылки Станции Московского метрополитена Басманный район Станции метрополитена, построенные в 1995 году Пилонные станции Объекты, названные в честь Валерия Чкалова Здания и сооружения, построенные в 1995 году в Москве<|endoftext|>Q: Download pdf from downloadlink to my uploads folder PHP I'm trying to download invoices(loop) to my uploads folder so clients can download. I don't want to redirect. I've tried file get and put contents. Got empty pdfs. then tried curl: $ch = curl_init($pdfurl); $fp = fopen('../uploads/'. $invoice. '', 'wb'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0); curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); fclose($fp); Doesnt seem to work.. the pdfurl is a download link, it doesnt show pdf, it prompts u to download.. that might be the problem? header('Content-type: application/pdf'); // It will be called downloaded.pdf header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="$invoice.pdf"'); // The PDF source is in original.pdf readfile($pdfurl); This works. but I want to move the pdfs from loop to upload folder. A:...problem solved.. was on development server.. thats why i couldnt open the pdfs.. file_put_contents("../uploads/".$factuurnummer. ".pdf", fopen($pdfurl, 'r')); <|endoftext|> package org.grails.plugins.tomcat; import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException; import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.ServerSocket; /** * Allows the tomcat server to be killed by pinging a port one greater than the server port. * * @author Graeme Rocher * @since 2.1 */ public class TomcatKillSwitch implements Runnable { public static final String TOMCAT_KILL_SWITCH_ACTIVE = "TomcatKillSwitch.active"; protected Tomcat tomcat; protected int serverPort; public TomcatKillSwitch(Tomcat tomcat, int serverPort) { this.tomcat = tomcat; this.serverPort = serverPort; } public static boolean isActive() { return Boolean.getBoolean("TomcatKillSwitch.active"); } public void run() { System.setProperty("TomcatKillSwitch.active", "true"); int killListenerPort = serverPort + 1; ServerSocket serverSocket = createKillSwitch(killListenerPort); if (serverSocket!= null) { try { serverSocket.accept(); try { tomcat.stop(); tomcat.destroy(); System.setProperty(TOM

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Q: Setting Up git-http-backend with apache 2.4 Im trying to set up a git server using git-http-backend and apache 2.4 I found this question about the same thing which was helpful, but I'm still reaching a point where I'm stuck. I've installed git and apache2 on Ubuntu 16.04 and added the needed modules using sudo a2enmod cgi alias env Then added the following snippet in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf : <VirtualHost *:80> SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL SetEnv REMOTE_USER=$REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER ScriptAliasMatch \ "(?x)^/(.*/(HEAD | \ info/refs | \ objects/(info/[^/]+ | \ [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \ pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \ git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \ "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend/$1" Alias /git /var/www/git <Directory /usr/lib/git-core> Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> Note that /var/www/git is where I intend my repos to go, and running find / -name git-http-backend shows /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend Next, inside of /var/www/git/ I created a directory myrepo.git and set it up as such: sudo git init --bare --shared sudo cp hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update sudo git update-server-info Next, I have to change the ownership of the directory to the apache2 owner (Im told). Running ps aux | egrep '(apache|httpd)' returns the following: root 3087 0.0 0.4 73688 4928? Ss 02:37 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3455 0.0 0.5 362836 5852? Sl 03:13 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3456 0.0 0.5 362836 5852? Sl 03:13 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start git 3531 0.0 0.0 14512 932 pts/1 S+ 03:19 0:00 grep -E --color=auto (apache|httpd) Now I'm not sure, because it looks like both root and www-data are running something, but I have currently decided to set the ownership to www-data (maybe it should be root?). www-data's group is also www-data (I think) $ id www-data uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data) so I use that to set ownership: sudo chown -R www-data:www-data. I also seem to remember reading that the whole path has to belong to the apache user so just for good measure I set sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www Now from my localmachine I am trying to clone the myrepo: git clone http://<ip-address>/myrepo.git And I am getting the error: fatal: unable to access 'http://<ip-address>/myrepo.git/': The requested URL returned error: 503 Can anybody see what Im doing wrong? A: Alias /git /var/www/git That should mean your urls should include /git in it: git clone http://<ip-address>/git/myrepo.git I don't see such an alias in this Apache configuration <|endoftext|>Pilosella hybrida är en tvåhjärtbladiga växtart som först beskrevs av Dominique Villars, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Friedrich Wilhelm Schultz och Sch.Bip.. Pilosella hybrida ingår i släktet stångfibblor, och familjen korgblommiga. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Källor Stångfibblor hybrida<|endoftext|>F.I.F.A. – Players’ Status Committee / Commissione per lo Status dei Calciatori – players’ and match agents disputes / controversie agenti di calciatori – (2017-2018) – fifa.com – atto non ufficiale – Decision of the Single Judge of the Players’ Status Committee passed in Zurich, Switzerland, on 29 August 2017, by Mr Geoff Thompson (England) Single Judge of the Players’ Status Committee, on the claim presented by the players´ agent Agent A, Country B as “Claimant” against the club Club C, Country D as “Respondent” regarding a contractual dispute between the parties. Share the post "F.I.F.A. – Players’ Status Committee / Commissione per lo Status dei Calciatori – players’ and match agents disputes / controversie agenti di calciatori – (2017-2018) – fifa.com – atto non ufficiale – Decision of the Single Judge of the Players’ Status Committee passed in Zurich, Switzerland, on 29 August 2017, by Mr Geoff Thompson (England) Single Judge of the Players’ Status Committee, on the claim presented by the players´ agent Agent A, Country B as “Claimant” against the club Club C, Country D as “Respondent” regarding a contractual dispute between the parties."<|endoftext|>Q: Users auth and profiles in getstream.io I would like to know if I can manage user profiles and user authentication directly with getstream.io? I had a glance at the samples and I don't understand how the users get created. A: It's currently not possible to manage user accounts, profiles and auth within Stream. Stream is best used in combination with an application (e.g. server-side Sails/Node.js, Python/Django, Ruby/Rails etc.) that handles these things and other functionality, application logic and services. Your application will then have full control and flexibility over which users can read/write and be notified of updates to any particular feed. <|endoftext|>Q: Using a Factory in md.dialog I have a google material dialog box where I interact with the user. I want to inject a factory into the dialog and use it there. Is there a way to do this? I tried passing the factory as a local variable. Any suggestions? Edit --------- Here is my controller that I am using to handle the dialogs. I output the factory to the console and the functions are all there. Not sure why calling them does nothing. function DocumentDialogController($mdDialog, locals, chartFactory) { var vm = vm || this; vm.thisItem = locals.thisItem; vm.cancel = cancel; vm.acceptChanges = acceptChanges; vm.selectImage = selectImage; function cancel(){ $mdDialog.cancel(); }; function acceptChanges(desc) { $mdDialog.hide(desc); }; function selectImage(imageName) { vm.thisItem.imageObj.data.src=imageName; }; } A: Assign a controller to the dialog and inject the factory into the controller. Do something like the below to create the dialog. Note that the string in the controller property is the name of the controller you want to use. $mdDialog.show({ templateUrl: 'partials/example.template.html', targetEvent: event, controller: 'ExampleCtrl', controllerAs: 'vm' }); Create and inject the factory into the controller like you would with any other controller. (function() { 'use strict'; angular .module('example') .controller('ExampleCtrl', ExampleCtrl); function ExampleCtrl(ExampleFactory) { var vm = this; // you can now use the injected ExampleFactory } ExampleCtrl.$inject = ['ExampleFactory']; })(); <|endoftext|>March 2017: Recruiters: Need valuable benefits for your workforce? DART's Employer Pass Team can show you how to boost your bottom line by getting on board with the DART employer annual pass program. Visit www.DART.org/epass for more information. October 2016: New opportunities and new destinations arrive Oct. 24 when DART Rail's Blue Line adds three miles and opens new stations at Camp Wisdom and UNT Dallas. June 2016: Creating a Vibrant Tomorrow. The wheels of change have been in motion for two decades. DART Rail and the TRE have been a catalyst in the communities they serve, with continued progress on the horizon. October-December 2014:

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Q: SQL, Calculate Data Between Rows Using Lag I have a Play table and it has columns possession and clock. I want to return all plays where the possession is 'away' and calculate the time elapsed between the previous play and the selected play. The problem is, using my query, the lag function is calculating elapsed time on a set of only plays where 'away' has possession and not a set of all plays. select (lag(clock, 1) over () - clock) from plays where possession = 'away'; How do I make the lag(clock, 1) refer to the set of all plays, not just those where possession = 'away'? A: I think you just want a subquery: select p.* from (select p.*, (lag(clock, 1) over () - clock) as diff from plays p ) p where possession = 'away'; <|endoftext|>Q: Correct way to perform matrix multiplication I have the simple matrix and would like to multiply D on E but I'm getting an error: D <- data.frame(X = c(1,1,-1,1), Y = c(1,-1,1,1), Z = c(1,1,1,-1)) E <- data.frame(X = c(-1,0,1), Y = c(-1,1,0), Z = c(1,1,1)) P <- D %*% E Error in D %*% E : requires numeric/complex matrix/vector arguments How do I overcome the error? It's simple 3x4 and 3x3 matrix multiplication. Thank you for your support! A: You have to transform the data frames into matrices: D <- as.matrix(data.frame(X = c(1,1,-1,1), Y = c(1,-1,1,1), Z = c(1,1,1,-1))) E <- as.matrix(data.frame(X = c(-1,0,1), Y = c(-1,1,0), Z = c(1,1,1))) P <- D %*% E <|endoftext|>Q: Request without URL Encode - Chrome/Firefox Is there anyway we can send request from browser bypassing Default URL encode given by Chrome and Firefox without using xmlhttprequest using any tag attributes or redirect or something like that? Update: It is a GET request I am trying to send. <|endoftext|>Back again this week with a closer look at the updates we’ve been making to our collection of menus from around the World. — Sci Fi Dine In menu was updated with their newest items, as well as photos of the Vegan Tofu Lettuce Wraps, the BBQ Platter and the Deep-Fried Dill Pickle Chips. — ABC Commissary dinner menu was updated with a number of new items, including Shrimp Teriyaki Bowl, a Vegan Burger, a Southwest BBQ Burger and Chocolate Banana Cream Almond Crisp. — Updated the Lotus Blossom Cafe and Joy of Tea menus with new Milk Cap Lychee Tea. — At Sommerfest in the Germany pavilion, the jumbo pretzel and the Altenmunster Oktoberfest were removed, while Beck’s Pilsner was added. — Liberty Inn in World Show place added a Mac & Cheese Hot Dog. — The Fountain View Bakery added a special Boston Cream Pie Cupcake. — The Choza de Margarita stand in the Mexico pavilion added esquites, Tostada de pollo and a smokey margarita. — The big news at Caribbean Beach Resort is that Sebastian’s Bistro will be replacing Shutters Restaurant. Also, Centertown Market, the food court area, will be getting a facelift. — The Ale & Compass restaurant at the Yacht Club has added a breakfast buffet. — Boardwalk Joe’s on Disney’s BoardWalk added Dole Whip Pineapple Smoothie. — Also at the BoardWalk, Ample Hills Creamery added three new ice cream flavors: Shirley Temple, Red Velvet Ooey Gooey Butter Cake, and Chocolate Fudge Brownie! — Updated the menus from the Grand Floridian, Pop Century and Art of Animation. — Wine Bar George added three lunch specials, including the Steak Frites, which we have a photo of. — Vivoli Gelato added Honey Pot Shake and House Baked Cookies to its menu. — Erin McKenna’s Bakery added coconut candy mounds and chocolate chip cookie cupcake to its list of allergy-friendly goodies. — The House of Blues Orlando updated its cocktail menu, adding Stormy Night, Crossroads Cadillac Margarita, Woodberry Smash, Beast of Bourbon. They’ve also added the Impossible Burger (vegan). — Yesake added frozen Kirin Beer. — Amorette’s Patisserie added whipped pineapple Ã©clair. — Art Smith’s Homecomin’ brunch has now expanded to Saturdays as well as Sundays, so we’ve added that to the menus. — Updated all the menus at Typhoon Lagoon, and ADDED a new location, Hammerhead Fred’s, which is located where Shark Reef used to be.<|endoftext|>Endivija (zimska vodopija, vrtna žutenica, žutenica vrtlena, utinica pitoma, vrtna žutinica, latinski: Cichorium endivia) vrsta je povrća koja pripada porodici Asteraceae. Opis biljke Krecuša (ponekad i zimska salata) kako je još nazivaju, smatra se vrstom zelene salate iako dolazi iz porodice cikorija i u bliskom je srodstvu s cikorijom. Endivija je jednogodišnja biljka koja raste u obliku glave, sa širokim listovima koji rastu iz središta u obliku rozete. Postoje dvije inačice endivije, var. Latifolia i var. Crispa. Prva varijanta ima šire i manje nazubljene listove koji su i svjetlijih zelenih boja. Druga varijanta se često naziva francuskim imenom frisée. Endivija je bogata folatima i vitaminima A i K, a također i vlaknima koji su bitni za probavu. Osim toga, sadrži i glikozide koji joj daju gorak okus. Endivija dobro podnosi niske temeprature, te se kod nas uzgaja kao jesenje i zimsko povrće. Traži dosta vlage i vode, te veću količinu gnjojiva. Ima i ljekovita svojstva; inulin kojeg sadrži djeluje diuretički, pospješuje apetit i potiče izlučivanje mokraće. Postoje 3 teorije o podrijetlu endivije: potječe iz južne Azije i sjeverne Kine potječe s istočnog Mediterana i križanac je cikorije i divljeg oblika male cikorije (lat. Cichorium pumilum) da je nastala od male cikorije, te da joj je identična iako se trenutno smatraju za dvije odvojene biljne vrste Kod nas se najčešće uzgaja var. Latifolia i to sljedeće inačice: Dječja glava (bubikopf) Dalmatinska kapica Eskariol žuta Eskariol zelena Zelena Fjorentinka Zimska kraljica Vidi i Cikorija Izvori Vanjske poveznice Belgian Endive Službena stranica belgijske endivije Endivija i cikorija Frisée Povrće Vodopija<|endoftext|>Birkenfeld es un municipio situado en el distrito de Enz, en el estado federado de Baden-Wurtemberg (Alemania), con una población a finales de 2016 de unos. Se encuentra ubicado en el centro del estado, en la región de Karlsruhe, en la parte septentrional de las montañas de la Selva Negra, cerca de la orilla del río Enz —un afluente izquierdo del río Neckar. Referencias Enlaces externos Localidades del distrito de Enz<|endoftext|>Q:

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How to use the click jquery function with this code When a user clicks on the textbox, the font in the textbox should change color, but for some reason it does not. I have the following code: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $(".textbox0").click(function() { $(this).css('color', 'rgb(64, 0, 128)'); }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> .textbox0 { position: fixed; left: 131px; top: 38px; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8px; font-weight: normal; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="textbox0"><textarea rows=7 cols=30>Change colour</textarea></div> </body> </html> I believe I did everything correctly as this method worked with buttons, but I guess I didn't. A: This is NOT because your click binding needs to be on the textarea. Nor is it because you need to use a named CSS color. Nor is it related to the onDomReady event. All you need to make your code work is a simple line of CSS: textarea { color: inherit; } The reason the text in your textarea isn't changing color is that the user-styles for most browsers are of higher cascade precedence than inherit. This is good, otherwise you would see some very bizarre looking textareas floating around. ;) A: You need to apply the change to the textarea element, not the div: $(".textbox0 textarea").click(function() { $(this).css('color', 'rgb(64, 0, 128)'); }); Here's a working example. If you need to keep the click event handler bound to the.textbox0 element and not the textarea, you could use the find (or children) method within the event handler to apply the change to the textarea: $(".textbox0").click(function() { $(this).find("textarea").css("color", "rgb(64, 0, 128)"); }); A: You should add the "textarea" tag in your accessor. I put the code here : http://jsfiddle.net/qfvVv/ A: The change in the stylesheet is being done on the div, not on the textarea inside the div. You can change this in several ways: Put the class on the textarea or change your jQuery selector to.textbox0 textarea or change the code in the click event to change the css of the textarea in the div. <|endoftext|>Past song of the week / November 2018 Rob Knaggs "Ghosting" From the album Foreshore Featured track, available from November 15 to November 23 Rob Knaggs is biding a fond farewell to Manitoba. After four years in our prairie province, the Australia cellist and composer and whale-whisperer is heading home for the indefinite future. Known for creating cinematic post-rock soundscapes and incorporating ethereal whale song and taking inspiration from the arctic, footage of Knaggs playing cello among the thousands of beluga whales in Hudson Bay went viral. It led him to collaborate with the ocean conservation society, Sea Shepherd, to promote ocean health and the preservation of marine life. Travel Manitoba tapped him to perform alongside local visual artist and polar bear activist, Kal Barteski, to represent Manitoba at tourism galas in New York City, Winnipeg, and Calgary, and he's been the musician in residence at Churchill Wild's internationally-recognised NatGeo lodge at Seal River. He's saying goodbye to his adopted home in style... teaming up with local folk duo Two Crows for Comfort for a joint album release party. They'll take over The Handsome Daughter on December 8 for not one but two shows (the early 7PM show is sold out but there's a 10PM show with some spots available). Knaggs is releasing his new EP, Foreshore, which was recorded at Collector Studio and mastered by Sigur Rós' Birgir Jón Birgisson at his home studio in Iceland. Meanwhile, Two Crows for Comfort will launch its debut full-length, 17 Feet. We've got a special sneak peek of Knagg's new album with our featured track this week, "Ghosting". Get it and get out to see him live, celebrate his new album, and bid him adieu (for now...) These songs are made available with permission of the artists/copyright holders and all rights have been acquired. List more music<|endoftext|>Q: zlib deflated samlrequest returns a "not deflated propper" by azure AD i am using c++ zlib to deflate a XML string that gives the output: <samlp:AuthnRequest xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:metadata" ID="idnumber" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2026-09-30T15:12:00.1839884Z" xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol"> <Issuer xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">tenantID</Issuer> </samlp:AuthnRequest> the xml is put into a stringstream as follow with rapidxml: xml << "<samlp:AuthnRequest \n" << "xmlns=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:metadata\" \n " << "ID=\"idnumber\" \n " << "Version=\"2.0\" IssueInstant=\"2022-09-30T16:00:00.1839884Z\"\n " << "xmlns:samlp=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol\">\n" << "<Issuer xmlns=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\">" + tenantIDstring + "</Issuer>\n" << "</samlp:AuthnRequest>"; When i deflate and then b64 encode then url encode it, it returns thestring that should be sent over the url for the SAMLRequest of azure AD. So its working as it should and is deflating the xml. But the response from Azure AD return that the request is not deflated propperly. i am using the deflate.h from zlib. deflate_xml.h: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <assert.h> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <iostream> #include "rapidxml.hpp" #include <zlib.h> namespace helper { static std::string deflate_file(const std::string &str, // gets filled with xml.str(); from the main.cpp int compressionlevel = Z_BEST_COMPRESSION) { z_stream zs; // z_stream is zlib's control structure memset(&zs, 0, sizeof(zs)); if (deflateInit(&zs, compressionlevel)!= Z_OK) throw(std::runtime_error("deflateInit failed while compressing.")); zs.next_in = (Bytef *)str.data(); zs.avail_in = str.size(); // set the z_stream's input int ret; char outbuffer[32768]; std::string outstring; // retrieve the compressed bytes blockwise do { zs.next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef *>(outbuffer); zs.avail_out = sizeof(outbuffer); ret = deflate(&zs, Z_FINISH); if (outstring.size() < zs.total_out) { // append the block to the output string outstring.append(outbuffer, zs.total_out - outstring.size()); } } while (ret == Z_OK); deflateEnd(&zs); if (ret!= Z_STREAM_END) { // an error occurred that was not EOF std::ostringstream oss; oss << "Exception during zlib compression: (" << ret << ") " << zs.

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Improved Meyer Lemon will grow to be about 10 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 12 feet. It has a low canopy with a typical clearance of 2 feet from the ground. Although it's not a true annual, this plant can be expected to behave as an annual in our climate if left outdoors over the winter, usually needing replacement the following year. As such, gardeners should take into consideration that it will perform differently than it would in its native habitat. Improved Meyer Lemon is a good choice for the edible garden, but it is also well-suited for use in outdoor pots and containers. Its large size and upright habit of growth lend it for use as a solitary accent, or in a composition surrounded by smaller plants around the base and those that spill over the edges. Note that when growing plants in outdoor containers and baskets, they may require more frequent waterings than they would in the yard or garden.<|endoftext|> package org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request; /** Marker class so that we can determine which requests are updates. */ public interface IsUpdateRequest {} <|endoftext|>Rights group accuses Syria of striking hospitals, schools by Daily Sabah with AA ISTANBUL Syrian Crisis A human rights group condemned Syria's regime and its Russian allies Thursday for striking medical facilities and a school in opposition-held Idlib province with air and artillery strikes over the past month. Stating that the Syrian regime continues to show utter disregard for the laws of war and the lives of civilians after eight years of war, Amnesty International said "a hospital, blood bank and other medical facilities as well as a bakery and a school" had been hit in Idlib. Amnesty International is not the only rights group that reports on the Syrian regime's violations. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, regime strikes since February on the northwestern province controlled by the terrorist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) have left at least 170 civilians dead and displaced thousands of others. "The Syrian government, with the support of Russia, is clearly resorting to the same unlawful military tactics which led to massive displacement, in some cases forced displacement," it said in a report, which was based on witness testimonies backed up by "analysis of videos, open source information and satellite imagery." The U.N.-sponsored Astana talks between Russia, Iran and Turkey had established four de-escalation zones in the northwestern province of Idlib, north of the central city of Homs, the Eastern Ghouta area outside of Damascus and in the southern provinces of Daraa and Quneitra. However, the partial cease-fire was short-lived as regime forces backed by Russia and Iran recaptured three of the areas through heavy bombardments, leaving Idlib as the last stronghold of the opposition. The Bashar Assad regime was signaling a grand offensive against Idlib, and it was feared this would cause a humanitarian catastrophe in the province, which is home to about 3.5 million Syrians, many of whom are internally displaced. On Sept. 17, 2018, Turkey and Russia agreed in Sochi to implement a demilitarized zone between opposition forces and regime forces, warding off the possible humanitarian disaster. However, despite the Sochi agreement, attacks carried out by the Syrian regime and its backers in Idlib's de-escalation zone are estimated to have killed at least 152 civilians and injured more than 445 others since the beginning of 2019.<|endoftext|>Land Resources is a full-service real estate consulting firm specializing in assisting property owners and investors in maximizing the value of their assets. We provide a wide range of services and expertise in the areas of acquisition, entitlements, planning and engineering, finance, land development, construction management and marketing that allows us to provide our clients with the services that fit their needs and goals. Our team is driven to provide expert strategic counsel at all stages of development, for any size of project to maximize returns for our investors and partners. Land Resources brings over 75 years of collective experience in real estate development and management across a wide range of real estate properties including master planned residential, retail, mixed use commercial and light industrial. Led by Mark Hammons, a tenured and highly regarded expert in Arizona and California real estate markets, Land Resources offers a unique and diverse perspective with a focus on creating value throughout all cycles of a project. Based in Peoria, Arizona, the Land Resources team has been involved with several of Arizona and California’s most notable real estate projects including Vistancia (Peoria, Arizona), McDowell Mountain Ranch (Scottsdale, Arizona), Johnson Ranch (San Tan Valley, Arizona), Power Ranch (Gilbert, Arizona), Power Marketplace (Queen Creek, Arizona), Sheely Farms (Tolleson, Arizona), Valencia (Valencia, California), and Coral Mountain (La Quinta, California). Additionally, Land Resources has been involved with some of the Arizona’s most successful golf courses and country clubs including Trilogy at Power Ranch, Legacy Golf Resort, Trilogy at Vistancia and Blackstone Country Club at Vistancia. Land Resources’ sister company HRD Construction provides a diverse range of construction management services in the areas of project and construction management, contract administration, value engineering and cost management, schedule management, and accounting. Integrity: A keen adherence to sound character, honesty and ethical principles. Quality: Producing and providing the highest standard of excellence. Reliability: Trusted, authentic and consistent. Building strong relationships and working with people is our top priority. Our partner relationships are guided by a spirit of collaboration, respect and confidentiality, and we serve as an extension of our partners’ organizations to achieve mutual success. The Land Resources team is relentlessly devoted to leveraging our development expertise to achieve added-value and returns to distinctive land opportunities and projects. The team of highly experienced real estate professionals are leaders in their fields and go above and beyond to deliver the highest quality at every stage of development. Our disciplined, yet flexible approach allows us to creatively and thoughtfully deliver unique, value-based solutions that are aligned with our partners business strategy. Our positive and energetic style drives creative and insightful work and gives our partners the confidence that they have a dedicated and responsive team working on their behalf to achieve remarkable results. Land Resources pushes the boundaries of conventional tactics to bring dynamic, yet resourceful and financially sound solutions to the table. Our enthusiasm inspires us and our partners to think differently no matter what size or scale the project might be. Our deep development roots are a sounding board for both best practice approaches and new ideas.<|endoftext|>Learn more about the LANIUS brand. LANIUS is GOTS certified. This standard regulates the complete supply chain of ecological textiles from cultivation to production, packaging, to trade and distribution. Excellent quality deserves an excellent service and a good Onlineshop. LANIUS has been awarded with the TrustedShops-Label. Subscribe to the free LANIUS newsletter and ensure that you will no longer miss any of our LANIUS news or onlineshop offers. For more information on processing your personal data, please click here.<|endoftext|>Q: CheckBoxList - Restrict selection to a specific number I am using a CheckBoxList to display a group of Business Units. I want to restrict the selection to max 5 items and if the user selects the 6th Item then i should display an alert and Unselect the 6th Item selected. The control is as below : <asp:CheckBoxList ID="ckBLBusinessUnits" onclick="loader(this.id);" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True" Visible="false" OnSelectedIndexChanged="ckBLBusinessUnits_SelectedIndexChanged"></asp:CheckBoxList> JS function i am using is: function loader(controlID) { modal = document.getElementById('loadingImage'); modal.style.display = "block"; if (controlID == "ckBLBusinessUnits") { if (($('#ckBLBusinessUnits :checkbox:checked').length) > 5) { alert("Max 5 BU's can be selected"); //is it possible to uncheck here? I am unable to find any method to do so. } } } C# is below : protected void ckBLBusinessUnits_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (selectedValues.Count <= 5) { //Do something and then disable the loader. loadingImage.Style.Add("display", "none"); } else if (selectedValues.Count > 5) { //is it possible to uncheck here? I am unable to find any method to do so. } } A: This might not be what you asked for, but it might work for your case. Instead of unchecking the checkbox, disable the other checkboxes whenever the total selected items is 5, and show your alert. protected void CheckBoxList1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { List<ListItem> SelectedItems = new List<ListItem>(); foreach (ListItem ItemsSelected in CheckBoxList1.Items) { if (ItemsSelected.Selected) SelectedItems.Add(ItemsSelected); } if(SelectedItems.Count() == 5) { // Display alert foreach(ListItem item in CheckBoxList1.Items) { if(!SelectedItems.Contains(item)) { item.Enabled = false

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Mediumship Development Group | Ewan Irvine | In Centre An event every week that begins at 7:30 pm on Thursday, repeating until 9 March, 2023 « Open Circle | Elizabeth Titterton and Sandra Aetheris | Online Private Readings | Joan Frew | Online via ZOOM » Go to Booking Intermediate Mediumship Development Group with Ewan Irvine Thursdays | 2nd February till 9th March| 7:30pm-9:00pm| £15 per class, £90 for the course | In-Centre Six Weeks of Mediumship Development. This six-week course will benefit those who wish to take that step into working with mediumship in the context of one-to-one readings and platform mediumship. It will look at working with the Power of Spirit, maintaining the connection, delivering the message, confidence and self-care. We will initially look at one-to-one readings and maintain the connection for the duration of the reading. We will then look at how to immediately give another reading and how to break the link and establish a new link with Spirit. We will look at the Power of the Mind over the link with Spirit and how to confidently give an accurate message. We will then take this onto working from the Platform and how we can be confident, accurately give a message to the correct recipient, how to convey the message, give more than one message and how to be confident on the platform. We will look at self-care, following the journey of Mediumship and allowing ourselves to learn from our successes and mistakes. About Ewan Irvine Ewan Irvine is an international Psychic and Medium, Tutor and Author with a career spanning over 30 years and has also worked extensively in the Paranormal field. He is a certificate holder of the Spiritualist National Union award (CSNU) in Demonstrating and Speaking. Ewan was born in Edinburgh and had a normal childhood, apart from one thing. As a child, Ewan was aware that he was different from other children, being able to sense Spirit and be aware of events before they actually happened. He also had a firm interest in ghosts from this young age. As the years passed, he accepted these and really thought that they were just normal, but it was not until the age of 18 that he was to receive a reading from a medium that was to change his life. The reading, as well as giving him firm proof of the afterlife, answered many of the questions he had over the years. But the reading was to reveal that he would use his own Psychic gift in the years to come. In the following years, Ewan was to develop his own ability in mediumship and began to demonstrate this ability in many of the Spiritualist churches and centres up and down the country. Please note that places on this course are limited, and book in advance to avoid disapointment. If you have any issues, please contact us during office hours. All bookings are subject to our terms and conditions. Please note that this class takes place up a flight of stairs due to room avaliability. Classes, Contemporary Spirituality, Mediumship mediumship, Psychic, psychic development, Spiritual, spirituality, Workshop<|endoftext|>Q: Origin of the name "Cauchy sequence" in abstract algebra I know the origin in analysis as it is derived from our good old chap Cauchy himself. However I have read about Cauchy sequences in algebra, I'll use groups for this one, let $G$ be a group and $G_i\triangleleft G$ for all $i\in\mathbb{N}$ along with $G_0=G$ and our filtration is then $$G_0\supseteq G_1 \supseteq G_1\supseteq\ldots$$ Next we let $\{x_i\}$ be a sequence, it is a cauchy sequence if and only if we have that for a given $m\in\mathbb{N}$ there exists an $N$ such that $\forall i,j > N$ we have that $x_i x_j^{-1}\in G_m$. I think I got that right from memory, anyhow I am curious as to why this is called a cauchy sequence? While I understand there are definitional simularities in how it is phrased, the whole "Find $N$ such that $i,j>N$" bit is right from the traditional real analysis definition. I can even see the parallel between $\epsilon$ in the analysis definition and our $m$ here which really marks a normal subgroup. In this chain we have that the "size" of the groups get's smaller (for simplicity sake assuming it doesn't stagnate), so $m\to\infty$ would be a parallel to $\epsilon\to 0$. And of course $x_i x_j^{-1}\in G_m$ is parallel to $|x_i-x_j|<\epsilon$. Is this the reason why it is called cauchy because of these striking similarities? Where did this name come from? Who came with it for algebra? <|endoftext|>1899 House Bill 1007. An Act To Establish The District Court Of Eastern Franklin. Title 1899 House Bill 1007. An Act To Establish The District Court Of Eastern Franklin.<|endoftext|>Andriej Timofiejewicz Czeczkow (ros. Андрей Тимофеевич Чечков, ur. 1905 we wsi Bormaszewo w guberni chersońskiej, zm. w lipcu 1975 w Moskwie) – funkcjonariusz radzieckich organów bezpieczeństwa, pułkownik bezpieczeństwa państwowego, zastępca ministra spraw wewnętrznych Ukraińskiej SRR (1946-1950) i Gruzińskiej SRR (1956-1961). Od października 1927 do grudnia 1930 w Armii Czerwonej, kursant szkoły młodszych dowódców, od 1929 w WKP(b). Od grudnia 1930 do października 1935 zastępca dyrektora fabryki im. Kominternu w Dniepropetrowsku, 1935-1937 studiował w dniepropetrowskiej filii Ukraińskiej Akademii Przemysłowej, od lipca do listopada 1937 szef warsztatu fabryki im. Kominternu. Od listopada 1937 do stycznia 1939 zastępca kierownika wydziału, II sekretarz i I sekretarz rejonowego komitetu KP(b)U w Dniepropetrowsku, od 8 stycznia do 1 lutego 1939 zastępca szefa, a od 1 lutego 1939 do 15 września 1941 szef Zarządu NKWD obwodu stalińskiego (obecnie obwód doniecki), od 25 lutego 1939 kapitan bezpieczeństwa państwowego. Od sierpnia 1941 do czerwca 1942 zastępca szefa i szef Zarządu Budownictwa nr 49 NKWD (Front Południowy), w czerwcu 1942 został ranny, leczył się w Kirowie do września. Od września 1942 do lutego 1943 w NKWD Baszkirskiej ASRR, od lutego do czerwca 1943 szef Grupy Operacyjnej NKWD Ukraińskiej SRR, 11 lutego 1943 awansowany na podpułkownika bezpieczeństwa państwowego, od czerwca 1943 do 9 września 1946 szef Zarządu NKWD/MWD obwodu stalińskiego, od 2 stycznia 1944 pułkownik bezpieczeństwa państwowego. Od 9 września 1946 do 29 grudnia 1947 zastępca ministra spraw wewnętrznych Ukraińskiej SRR ds. zagadnień nieoperacyjnych, od 29 grudnia 1947 do 3 stycznia 1950 zastępca ministra spraw wewnętrznych Ukraińskiej SRR ds. kadr, od stycznia 1950 do lipca 1953 zastępca szefa II Głównego Zarządu przy Radzie Ministrów ZSRR ds. kadr, od lipca 1953 do sierpnia 1956 zastępca szefa Głównego Zarządu Ministerstwa Budowy Maszyn Średnich ZSRR, od 10 sierpnia 1956 do października 1961 zastępca ministra spraw wewnętrznych Gruzińskiej SRR. Odznaczenia Order Lenina Order Czerwonego Sztandaru (dwukrotnie) Order Czerwonego Sztandaru Pracy Order Wojny Ojczyźnianej II klasy (2 marca 1945

redpajama

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) Order Znak Honoru (23 stycznia 1948) Odznaka „Zasłużony Funkcjonariusz NKWD” (18 lutego 1946) Oraz 7 medali. Bibliografia Funkcjonariusze NKWD Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonego Sztandaru Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonego Sztandaru Pracy Odznaczeni Orderem Lenina Odznaczeni Orderem Wojny Ojczyźnianej I klasy Odznaczeni Orderem „Znak Honoru” Urodzeni w 1905 Zmarli w 1975<|endoftext|>The 2011 Comerica Bank Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 24th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Aptos, California, United States between 11 and 17 July 2011. Singles main-draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of July 4, 2011. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Steve Johnson Bradley Klahn Jack Sock The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Andre Dome Alexander Domijan David Martin Phillip Simmonds The following players received entry as a lucky loser into the singles main draw: Jimmy Wang Rhyne Williams Champions Singles Laurynas Grigelis def. Ilija Bozoljac, 6–2, 7–6(7–4) Doubles Carsten Ball / Chris Guccione def. John Paul Fruttero / Raven Klaasen, 7–6(7–5), 6–4 References Official Website External links ITF Search ATP official site Comerica Bank Challenger Nordic Naturals Challenger Com<|endoftext|>In 2008 I did all 48 states in 8 days on my 1998 1200 Suzuki Bandit. I used the opportunity to raise money for “Flood” a ministry to homeless people in Bakersfield. What an incredible ministry that has changed the lives of so many homeless folks and gotten them on their feet, knowing Jesus and productive citizens. Below is an outline of what happened on the trip. Mark left from Needles, CA around 4:00 this morning. It was very hot there, however, the rest of the day the weather was perfect. No problems with the motorcycle. GPS has been very helpful. Had a little problem finding a place to get a receipt in Colorado, but God sent a FedEx driver who literally drove 50 or so miles with him to help him find a place to stop and then got him back to the place he started. Had a chance to hand out cards to people along the way and chat with them about Flood. People were very interested. Ran out of gas at a closed gas station near Santa Rosa, New Mexico and had to wait for AAA to come with gas. He will spend the night in Amarillo, TX and is planning to leave around 6:00 in the morning and heading to Hattiesburg, MS. He will have traveled about 19 hours today and around 1065 miles. He wants to try and find a way to make his stops much shorter tomorrow as each stop eats up a lot of time. Continue to pray for stamina and safety. Monday night Mark arrived in Amarillo, TX around 1:30 a.m. He left Tuesday morning around 8:00 a.m. local time. The weather has been hot and humid and he is getting pretty sore at this point from the many hours on the bike. His GPS took him in a circle today which cost him about an hour, but the bike is running fine and he did not have any fuel issues today. He drove by an area in Kansas which was recently destroyed by a tornado and was amazed by the devastation. He is projecting that he will not reach Hattiesburg, MS until well into the wee hours of the morning, but will try to sleep later since getting sleepy on the road has been one of his biggest challenges. By days end he will have traveled about 1100 miles and will have spent 19 to 20 hours on the bike. Please pray that he will get the rest he needs and that the weather will cooperate as he enters into areas where there has been a lot of rain and storms. When Mark stopped for fuel in Pine Bluff, Arkansas he smelled a strange smell only to realize that smoke was coming from his bike. He got off the bike and saw that smoke was billowing out from under his seat. He removed the seat and saw that the bike was on fire. Some wiring he had installed to charge his phone had shorted out and caught fire. He then realized that the seat itself was also on fire so he threw it down and started trying to get the flames out. He was right next to the gas pump and was afraid he was going to cause an explosion. He was able to get everything under control and no damage was done to the running of the bike. Just a small corner of his battery was a little melted. Then at the very next stop in Louisiana, he pulled into the station and had an uneasy feeling as there were quite a few men loitering around the station and it was about 2:00 a.m. A man walked up to him and said, “You have to pay first.” Not wanting to hand him his credit card, Mark took out $20 cash and handed it to the man at which point the man ran off with the money. Mark was going to just get out of there, but the police drove up and he spent a few minutes explaining what happened. They wanted to look for the guy and try to get his money back, but Mark really wanted to get going as he was very tired and still had about an hour and a half of driving before arriving in Hattiesburg. Praise God for keeping him safe in each circumstance. Today was pretty uneventful compared to yesterday. Went (only) 750 miles today and spent 13 1/2 hours on the bike. States he traveled through today are AL, FL, GA, SC, NC, and TN. Weather was hot & humid and he wore the cooling vest that was donated by Cycle Gear which really helped to cut the heat. He did not have any trouble with getting sleepy on the road today which is definitely a praise! A fellow biker from Virginia emailed us to remind him to drink lots of water, more than he thinks he needs. He was grateful for the reminder and could tell a difference today as he drank much more water than he had been previously. Construction along the road slowed him down at times, but no bad traffic and no problems with the bike. He landed in Johnson City, TN for the night at around 1:30 a.m. and is hoping to hit the road around 7:00 or 8:00 in the morning. He lost another hour today due to the time change, so he’s looking forward to gaining time when he heads back west. The prayers of everyone have been very evident and appreciated. Keep them coming! As of now, about 5:30 Pacific Time and 8:30 Eastern Time, Mark was just about to enter Delaware. He is not expecting to reach his hotel in MA until about 3:00 a.m. He will travel about 1070 miles today and about 19 hours on the bike and will have been in 11 states. He got a little turned around in West Virginia and ended up on a dirt road for a couple of miles. He just pretended he was on a dirt bike. The weather was very hot today and again the cooling vest was a life saver. He has been battling sleepiness a lot today, and really needs to get some good rest tonight. Pray for him to get much needed rest and that the weather and 4th of July traffic will not be an issue tomorrow. Mark was unable to make it all the way to Malden, MA last night, so he stopped in New Haven, CT arriving there around 3:30 a.m. The pre-holiday traffic was very heavy and really slowed him down. He is trying to make it to Angola, IN tonight where he will stay with a close friend who has offered to change his oil and filter. He has a hotel near Cleveland just in case he cannot make good time today and needs to stop short again. He may get into some rain along the route today, so pray for saftey and that the weather will not slow him down. He really needs to get to a stop before midnight so he can get more sleep. Mark started out this morning in New Haven, CT at around 8:00 a.m. with a little rainy weather. He had great intentions of making it to Indiana tonight, however, once he got into Maine, he took a couple of bad turns and it cost him about 2 hours. (GPS units are not perfect!) He will be stopping around Erie, PA tonight at a projected time of about 1:00 a.m. The weather for most of the day has been very nice in the 70’s. He said going through Vermont was awesome. It was a beautiful winding road and he got to ride on the sides of his tires for a while through the curves. He has been through 32 states so far. He is in very good spirits and doing very well. Today is Day 6 and Mark’s said it was his favorite day. He was in familiar territory and saw lots

redpajama

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of places that brought back good memories. (Including an Amish buggy and horse along the road.) He didn’t even need his GPS unit today at all. Upon arriving at his destination this evening, he will have traveled about 1000 miles today and around 5800 total miles. He will have touched 38 states so far. He will be spending the night in Luverne, MN not far from where he lived for a short time as a child, and expects to arrive around 2:00 – 2:30 a.m. His favorite familiar face to see today was his son, Kyle in Chicago. He has not seen Kyle since he left to study for a semester in Ireland back in January. They met at what Mark believes must be the largest McDonalds in the world for about 45 minutes, and talked about life, love, and this awesome trip. Mark also wanted to give a shout out to the guy from Maine who helped him get back on track when he got lost and who owns a very unique bike. He cannot describe it online, but you can ask him about it when he gets back. Mark wanted to let everyone know that he has had many hours to pray for Flood and for the many needs they have while riding through this awesome country. If you haven’t taken time to donate yet, please do so. They really need our help, and that’s what this ride is all about. Thanks for all your prayers! Listen to KLOVE Monday morning between 8 and 9 for an “on the road” interview. Mark left Luverne, MN this morning around 9:15 local time. After driving for a couple of hours, he stopped and called in to Calvary Bible Church to say “hello” to the 1st service congregation on speakerphone. At his stop, he talked with a guy named Phil who was very excited to hear about the trip and said he would definitely be donating to Flood. Once he was about 30 – 40 minutes down the road, he realized his wallet was missing and had to turn around and go back. He found the wallet on the side of the road and nothing was missing. A few miles later he stopped and called in to the 2nd service congregation at Calvary. The cheers and encouragement from everyone gave his spirits a big boost. There were a few drops of rain while he was on the phone, but it quickly stopped. The weather was very hot and humid, so at one of his stops, he had taken off his gloves and laid them on top of his bag, only to forget about them. When he went to put them back on, one was missing. He noticed he was getting very low on gas and had not seen any stations. Finally seeing a place to stop, he ran out of gas 3 miles short of the station and coasted to a stop in someone’s driveway in South Dakota. A man named Shawn quickly came outside and asked if he needed help and drove him the 3 miles to a gas station to get gas. Shawn also filled up all of Mark’s water bottles and offered him dinner (which he politely declined for time’s sake). When he was getting ready to leave, Shawn said, “Hey, is that your glove?” His missing glove was hanging under his windshield and had stayed there for 400 miles. By the end of the day he will have traveled 1050 miles and touched 6 states. (IA, NE, SD, ND, WY, & MT) Only 3 more to go! He is planning to land in Billings, MT tonight around 2:00 a.m. Mark said he has not had trouble with getting sleepy today, but his body is exhausted. He is definitely looking forward to getting some sleep and much needed rest on Tuesday. Please keep praying for safety as fatigue is definitely a factor for this last stretch. Thanks to Phil and Shawn for being the men of Day 7. Just before Mark entered into Wyoming, a severe thunderstorm hit with very heavy rains and lots of thunder and lightening. He had to pull into a station to wait for the storm to pass as the lightning was all around him. This is the first time the weather has been an issue and cost him some time. Written by a gentleman that heard about the ride and has been following daily! Ode to the Goal: 48 in 8. Mark takes his bike to the high road. Mark looks ahead and not at the past. He rides for God; he rides his best. He’s moving fast; first East, then West. Pledges were made all for good cause. And with that in mind he takes no pause. His head is down as he slips through space. The motor is steady at a predictable pace. Through the nights and back roads not too fast. He saves his speed for “rest stops” and gas. Remembering still the goal: 48 in 8. And when all is done, he’ll give God the Glory. 48 in 8 is now a reality! At 10:00 PM Pacific time, July 7, 2008 I rode into Pendleton, Oregon safe and sound. 7 Days, 17 hours and 50 min. Murdered 87,535 bugs with my bike, helmet and face. What a trip! I can hardly put into words what just happened these past eight days. I can only say that it is by Gods grace and many people’s prayers that I was able to complete this journey. I saw that we have the most diverse and beautiful country in the world. Wow, we have an awesome Creator. I met some fantastic people along the way that really prove there is still that awesome American spirit. Through all the exhaustion, aches and pains, motorcycle fires, stolen money, near deer misses and even a near pig miss along the road, it has been a pleasure to ride for the cause of FLOOD. What they are doing each and every week to bring hope to the hopeless is a far greater feat than what I have done these past few days. 48 in 8 is over but Floods work is only beginning. Will you pray for them? Will you personally get involved if you are in the Bakersfield area? Will you consider supporting them financially? What I have done these past few days is in the past. What Flood is doing will last for an eternity. What will you do? God bless you and thank you for all your support, prayers, and encouragement. I couldn’t have done it without you.<|endoftext|> package io.cdap.plugin.bigquery.stepsdesign; import io.cdap.e2e.pages.actions.CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions; import io.cdap.e2e.pages.actions.CdfStudioActions; import io.cdap.e2e.pages.locators.CdfStudioLocators; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.BigQueryClient; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.ConstantsUtil; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.ElementHelper; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.PluginPropertyUtils; import io.cdap.e2e.utils.SeleniumHelper; import io.cdap.plugin.common.stepsdesign.TestSetupHooks; import io.cdap.plugin.utils.E2EHelper; import io.cdap.plugin.utils.E2ETestConstants; import io.cucumber.java.en.Then; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.junit.Assert; import stepsdesign.BeforeActions; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Optional; import java.util.UUID; /** * BigQuery related common stepDesigns. */ public class BigQueryBase implements E2EHelper { static { SeleniumHelper.getPropertiesLocators(CdfStudioLocators.class); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property reference name") public void enterBigQueryPropertyReferenceName() { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryReferenceName("BQ_Ref_" + UUID.randomUUID()); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property projectId {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyProjectId(String projectId) throws IOException { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterProjectId(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(projectId)); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property datasetProjectId {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyDatasetProjectId(String datasetProjectId) throws IOException { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterDatasetProjectId(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(datasetProjectId)); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property dataset {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyDataset(String dataset) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryDataset(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(dataset)); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property table {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyTable(String table) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryTable(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(table)); } @Then("Enter BiqQuery property encryption key name {string} if cmek is enabled") public void enterBiqQueryPropertyEncryptionKeyNameIfCmekIsEnabled(String cmek) throws IOException

redpajama

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{ String cmekBQ = PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(cmek); if (cmekBQ!= null) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterCmekProperty(cmekBQ); BeforeActions.scenario.write("Entered encryption key name - " + cmekBQ); } } @Then("Close the BigQuery properties") public void closeTheBigQueryProperties() { CdfStudioActions.clickCloseButton(); } @Then("Get count of no of records transferred to target BigQuery Table") public void getCountOfNoOfRecordsTransferredToTargetBigQueryTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { int countRecords = BigQueryClient.countBqQuery(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable); BeforeActions.scenario.write("**********No of Records Transferred******************:" + countRecords); Assert.assertEquals("Number of records transferred should be equal to records out ", countRecords, recordOut()); } @Then("Validate records transferred to target table is equal to number of records from source table " + "with filter {string}") public void validateRecordsTransferredToTargetTableIsEqualToNumberOfRecordsFromSourceTableWithFilter(String filter) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String projectId = (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")); String datasetName = (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")); int countRecordsTarget = BigQueryClient.countBqQuery(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable); String selectQuery = "SELECT count(*) FROM `" + projectId + "." + datasetName + "." + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "` WHERE " + PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(filter); Optional<String> result = BigQueryClient.getSoleQueryResult(selectQuery); int count = result.map(Integer::parseInt).orElse(0); BeforeActions.scenario.write("Number of records transferred with respect to filter:" + count); Assert.assertEquals(count, countRecordsTarget); } @Then("Validate partition date in output partitioned table") public void validatePartitionDateInOutputPartitionedTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { Optional<String> result = BigQueryClient .getSoleQueryResult("SELECT distinct _PARTITIONDATE as pt FROM `" + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")) + "." + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")) + "." + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "` WHERE _PARTITION_LOAD_TIME IS Not NULL ORDER BY _PARTITIONDATE DESC "); String outputDate = StringUtils.EMPTY; if (result.isPresent()) { outputDate = result.get(); } BeforeActions.scenario.write("Partitioned date in output record:" + outputDate); Assert.assertEquals(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date()), outputDate); } @Then("Validate the records are not created in output table") public void validateTheRecordsAreNotCreatedInOutputTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { int countRecords = BigQueryClient.countBqQuery(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable); BeforeActions.scenario.write("**********No of Records Transferred******************:" + countRecords); Assert.assertEquals(0, countRecords); } @Then("Validate partitioning is not done on the output table") public void validatePartitioningIsNotDoneOnTheOutputTable() { try { BigQueryClient.getSoleQueryResult("SELECT distinct _PARTITIONDATE as pt FROM `" + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")) + "." + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")) + "." + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "` WHERE _PARTITION_LOAD_TIME IS Not NULL "); } catch (Exception e) { String partitionException = e.toString(); Assert.assertTrue(partitionException.contains("Unrecognized name: _PARTITION_LOAD_TIME")); BeforeActions.scenario.write("Partition Not Created" + partitionException); } } @Then("Enter the BigQuery properties with blank property {string}") public void enterTheBigQueryPropertiesWithBlankProperty(String property) { if (!property.equalsIgnoreCase("referenceName")) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryReferenceName("BQ_" + UUID.randomUUID()); } if (!property.equalsIgnoreCase("dataset")) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryDataset(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")); } if (!property.equalsIgnoreCase("table")) { CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterBigQueryTable("dummyTable"); } if (!PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("bqMandatoryProperties").contains(property)) { Assert.fail("Invalid BigQuery mandatory property " + property); } } @Then("Validate the cmek key {string} of target BigQuery table if cmek is enabled") public void validateTheCmekKeyOfTargetBigQueryTableIfCmekIsEnabled(String cmek) throws IOException { String cmekBQ = PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(cmek); if (cmekBQ!= null) { Assert.assertTrue("Cmek key of target BigQuery table should be equal to " + "cmek key provided in config file", BigQueryClient.verifyCmekKey(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable, cmekBQ)); return; } BeforeActions.scenario.write("CMEK not enabled"); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property {string} as macro argument {string}") public void enterBigQueryPropertyAsMacroArgument(String pluginProperty, String macroArgument) { enterPropertyAsMacroArgument(pluginProperty, macroArgument); } @Then("Enter BigQuery cmek property {string} as macro argument {string} if cmek is enabled") public void enterBigQueryCmekPropertyAsMacroArgumentIfCmekIsEnabled(String pluginProperty, String macroArgument) { String cmekBQ = PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("cmekBQ"); if (cmekBQ!= null) { enterPropertyAsMacroArgument(pluginProperty, macroArgument); return; } BeforeActions.scenario.write("CMEK not enabled"); } @Then("Enter runtime argument value {string} for BigQuery cmek property key {string} if BQ cmek is enabled") public void enterRuntimeArgumentValueForBigQueryCmekPropertyKeyIfBQCmekIsEnabled(String value, String runtimeArgumentKey) { String cmekBQ = PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(value); if (cmekBQ!= null) { ElementHelper.sendKeys(CdfStudioLocators.runtimeArgsValue(runtimeArgumentKey), cmekBQ); BeforeActions.scenario.write("BigQuery encryption key name - " + cmekBQ); return; } BeforeActions.scenario.write("CMEK not enabled"); } @Then("Verify the partition table is created with partitioned on field {string}") public void verifyThePartitionTableIsCreatedWithPartitionedOnField(String partitioningField) throws IOException, InterruptedException { Optional<String> result = BigQueryClient .getSoleQueryResult("SELECT IS_PARTITIONING_COLUMN FROM `" + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")) + "." + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("dataset")) + ".INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS` " + "WHERE table_name = '" + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "' and column_name = '" + PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(partitioningField) + "' "); String isPartitioningDoneOnField = StringUtils.EMPTY; if (result.isPresent()) { isPartitioningDoneOnField = result.get(); } BeforeActions.scenario.write("Is Partitioning done on column :" + isPartitioningDoneOnField); Assert.assertEquals("yes", isPartitioningDoneOnField.toLowerCase()); } @Then("Enter BigQuery property temporary bucket name {string}") public void enterBigQuerySinkPropertyTemporaryBucketName(String temporaryBucket) throws IOException {

redpajama

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CdfBigQueryPropertiesActions.enterTemporaryBucketName(PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp(temporaryBucket)); } @Then("Verify the BigQuery validation error message for invalid property {string}") public void verifyTheBigQueryValidationErrorMessageForInvalidProperty(String property) { CdfStudioActions.clickValidateButton(); String expectedErrorMessage; if (property.equalsIgnoreCase("gcsChunkSize")) { expectedErrorMessage = PluginPropertyUtils .errorProp(E2ETestConstants.ERROR_MSG_BQ_INCORRECT_CHUNKSIZE); } else if (property.equalsIgnoreCase("bucket")) { expectedErrorMessage = PluginPropertyUtils .errorProp(E2ETestConstants.ERROR_MSG_BQ_INCORRECT_TEMPORARY_BUCKET); } else { expectedErrorMessage = PluginPropertyUtils.errorProp(E2ETestConstants.ERROR_MSG_BQ_INCORRECT_PROPERTY). replaceAll("PROPERTY", property.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + property.substring(1)); } String actualErrorMessage = PluginPropertyUtils.findPropertyErrorElement(property).getText(); Assert.assertEquals(expectedErrorMessage, actualErrorMessage); String actualColor = PluginPropertyUtils.getErrorColor(PluginPropertyUtils.findPropertyErrorElement(property)); String expectedColor = ConstantsUtil.ERROR_MSG_COLOR; Assert.assertEquals(expectedColor, actualColor); } @Then("Validate records transferred to target table is equal to number of records from source table") public void validateRecordsTransferredToTargetTableIsEqualToNumberOfRecordsFromSourceTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { int countRecordsTarget = BigQueryClient.countBqQuery(TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable); Optional<String> result = BigQueryClient.getSoleQueryResult("SELECT count(*) FROM `" + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp("projectId")) + "." + (PluginPropertyUtils.pluginProp ("dataset")) + "." + TestSetupHooks.bqTargetTable + "` "); int count = result.map(Integer::parseInt).orElse(0); BeforeActions.scenario.write("Number of records transferred from source table to target table:" + count); Assert.assertEquals(count, countRecordsTarget); } } <|endoftext|>We are where necessary a high quality reflection and visualization of results achieved concrete goals. We help to treat objectives, not the problem, and are always open to cooperation worldwide. © 2017 Rhymes Production. All rights reserved.<|endoftext|>Q: How to make an error message for each empty form field I am trying to display an error message for each empty field, my problem is that when I submit the form with an empty (one or two) field all the error messages appear. I want only one error message for each empty field to appear, not all of them. HTML : <form action="" id="my-form"> <label for="name"> <input type="text" id="name" name="firstName" placeholder="First Name"> <p class="error-field">First Name cannot be empty</p> </label> <label for="last-name"> <input type="text" id="last-name" name="lastName" placeholder="Last Name"> <p class="error-field">Last Name cannot be empty</p> </label> <label for="email"> <input type="email" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Email Address"> <p class="error-field">Looks like this is not an email</p> </label> <label for="password"> <input type="password" id="password" name="password" placeholder="Password"> <p class="error-field">Password cannot be empty</p> </label> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="form-button">Claim your free trial </button> <p>By clicking the button, you are agreeing to our <a href="" class="terms-conditions-link">Terms and Services</a></p> </form> JavaScript: const submitButton = document.querySelector('.form-button'); const errorField = document.querySelectorAll(".error-field"); const validate = (e) => { e.preventDefault(); const firstName = document.getElementById("name"); const lastName = document.getElementById("last-name"); const email = document.getElementById("email"); const password = document.getElementById("password"); if(firstName.value < 1 ) { errorField.forEach((f) => f.classList.toggle('error-active')); errorField.forEach((c) => c.style.color = "red"); firstName.classList.toggle("invalid"); return false; } if (lastName.value < 1) { errorField.forEach((f) => f.classList.toggle("error-active")); errorField.forEach((c) => (c.style.color = "red")); lastName.classList.toggle("invalid"); return false; } if (email.value < 1) { errorField.forEach((f) => f.classList.toggle("error-active")); errorField.forEach((c) => (c.style.color = "red")); email.classList.toggle("invalid"); return false; } if (password.value < 1) { errorField.forEach((f) => f.classList.toggle("error-active")); errorField.forEach((c) => (c.style.color = "red")); password.classList.toggle("invalid"); return false; } else { password.classList.remove("invalid"); errorField.classList.remove("error-active"); } return true; } submitButton.addEventListener('click', validate); A: I would suggest you to use a form validation JS plugin instead of reinveting the wheel, for example Form Validation Plugin A: You can simplify your code a bit using a class for the inputs, and keeping track of an isValid boolean for the form. You were setting all error-fields with your code. Here, we are able to reference just the error-field that applies using closest() to find the encompassing label, then querySelector to find the error-field el.closest('label').querySelector('.error-field'); const submitButton = document.querySelector('.form-button'); const validate = (e) => { e.preventDefault(); let isValid = true document.querySelectorAll('.validate').forEach(el => { let error = el.closest('label').querySelector('.error-field').classList; if (el.value.trim().length === 0) { isValid = false; error.add('error-active'); el.classList.add('invalid') } else { error.remove('error-active'); el.classList.remove('invalid') } }) return isValid; } submitButton.addEventListener('click', validate); .error-field.error-active, input.invalid{ color: #f00; } <form action="" id="my-form"> <label for="name"> <input type="text" id="name" class='validate' name="firstName" placeholder="First Name"> <p class="error-field">First Name cannot be empty</p> </label> <label for="last-name"> <input type="text" id="last-name" class='validate' name="lastName" placeholder="Last Name"> <p class="error-field">Last Name cannot be empty</p> </label> <label for="email"> <input type="email" id="email" class='validate' name="email" placeholder="Email Address"> <p class="error-field">Looks like this is not an email</p> </label> <label for="password"> <input type="password" id="password" class='validate' name="password" placeholder="Password"> <p class="error-field">Password cannot be empty</p> </label> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="form-button">Claim your free trial </button> <p>By clicking the button, you are agreeing to our <a href="" class="terms-conditions-link">Terms and Services</a></p> </form> A: That's because inside each if statement you are loop

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(Que notre bouche s’emplisse de joie) (BWV 110) est une cantate religieuse de Jean-Sébastien Bach composée à Leipzig en 1725. Histoire Bach a composé la cantate pour la première journée de Noël 1725 mais on peut supposer qu'elle est le fruit d'une amélioration d'une première cantate de l'époque de Weimar. Pour cette destination liturgique de Noël, cinq autres cantates de Bach nous sont parvenues, numérotées BWV 63, 91, 197a, 248/1 et 191. Les, et de la cantate Unser Mund...sont des citations de la Bible : le Ps 126,2, Jr 10,6, Luc 2:14. Les textes des, et sont de Georg Christian Lehms. Le choral final débute sur le dernier vers du chant Wir Christenleut par Kaspar Füger l'ancien. Structure et instrumentation La cantate est écrite pour une voix de soprano, d'alto, de ténor, et de basse, un chœur à quatre voix, trois trompettes, trois hautbois, deux flûtes traversières, un basson, le quatuor à cordes, deux timbales et la basse continue. L'exécution des 7 mouvements demande de 25 à 27 minutes. Il y a sept mouvements : chœur : Unser Mund sei voll Lachens aria (ténor) : Ihr Gedanken und ihr Sinnen récitatif (basse) : Dir, Herr, ist niemand gleich aria (alto) : Ach Herr! was ist ein Menschenkind duo (soprano, Alto) : Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe aria (basse) : Wacht auf, ihr Adern und ihr Glieder choral : Alleluja! Gelobt sei Gott Musique Bach a retravaillé ses propres compositions pour deux mouvements de cette cantate. Le chœur d’introduction est une adaptation du premier mouvement de sa Suite pour orchestre en ré majeur (BWV 1069). Le duo soprano/ténor Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe est un arrangement du Virga Jesse floruit du Magnificat en mi bémol majeur. La cantate débute par une section pleine de force, le chœur d'ouverture, où tous les instruments sont réunis. La cantate se termine sur un choral de louange au Seigneur qui a accompli de grandes choses pour son peuple. L'aria de ténor fait entendre deux flûtes entrelacées pendant que le soliste décrit une élévation des pensées et des sens, suscitée par la pensée que Dieu fait homme entend que son peuple soit « Himmelskinder » (enfants du ciel). Un récitatif de basse (Toi, Seigneur, ne ressemble à aucun autre) est suivi par un air d'alto (Ach Herr, was ist ein Menschenkind) accompagné de hautbois d'amour qui s'étonne que, du fait de la nature de l'homme, le Seigneur doive chercher à la racheter par une action si douloureuse. Dans le duo Soprano/Alto, les deux voix se développent sur un accompagnement d'orgue seul (avec la basse continue). Elles chantent la gloire de Dieu au plus haut des cieux : l'humanité attend la paix sur Terre, et l'arrivée de l'Enfant est un signe de cette faveur divine. Le choral final rappelle la troisième partie de l'Oratorio de Noël : « Alléluia, Gloire à Dieu du fond de nos cœurs ». Notes et références Bibliographie Gilles Cantagrel, Les cantates de J.-S. Bach, Paris, Fayard,, 1665 p. Article connexe Liste des cantates de Jean Sébastien Bach Liens externes Cantate de Jean-Sébastien Bach Chant de Noël<|endoftext|>Agility is an exciting sport that demonstrates the ability of a dog and it’s handler to work as a smoothly functioning team. The dog is directed by its handler to successfully negotiate an obstacle course and requires close teamwork between the two. It tests a person’s skills in training and handling a dog over a timed obstacle course. These obstacles can include jumps, an A-frame, tunnels, chute, dog walk, teeter and weave poles, all put together to make the competition fun and challenging. The main elements of the sport are good sportsmanship and it should be fun for the dog and handler. You can start your puppy right away by teaching basic obedience commands like sit, down, wait and stay. This will help greatly in their agility future, as a good wait on the start line can make or break a successful run. Other skills like focus and side switches can also make a big difference down the road. Familiarization of the different obstacles can also start early, as long as you are in a safe environment, with experienced trainers. A bad scare can really set your puppy’s progress back. Young dogs should avoid stress on their joints until they are old enough that their growth plates have set; so jumping and weaves should come a little later. Most agility organizations require dogs be 18 months of age before completing and require a dog ID number, which can be obtained from the organization. We believe that agility must at all time be a positive learning experience for you and your dog. There’s no room for harsh or negative training in agility!<|endoftext|>Hello all! I'm a non-cup user, but I hope to change that soon! I've been looking into menstrual cups for awhile now and have completely fallen in love with the idea of them. I am 15 years old and am going to embark on a 10 month long journey soon. The problem is that it is suggested that I bring my own supply of menstrual products because the same things will not be offered where I am traveling. Hence why I am here! A cup that I cannot not get my eyes off of is the Sckooncup. I know it is relatively new, but I was wondering if I could get some feedback on it. Also, it is just a plus that it is made in the states where I live. I am a little pressed on time. I feel that this cup might work well for me because it is short and my cervix isn't very high during my period. I can reach it with little to no effort. I apologize that this post is all over the place and has no organization what so ever. But if anyone can offer this newbie some advice, insight, or commentary I would greatly appreciate it! Thank you for taking the time to read my post! Thanks I will definitely check the chart out! I had to wait sometime before I could do so though because I needed the measurements. Took forever! I have a dilemma though. My flow can be quite unpredictable. Sometimes it is light and I forget I am even on my period (like this past time) and other times I don't ever want to go anywhere because of it. With that in mind, should I invest in a cup large to hold my heavy flow or possibly 2 different cups (one for lighter days and another for heavy days)? This probably something I should be asking after I start using a menstrual cup, but I like to think ahead. You mentioned that you'll be traveling, so bear in mind that it can take a while for cups to arrive - particularly if you're in the USA and ordering from abroad. There's also (usually) something of a learning curve, so make sure that you're giving yourself plenty of time to 1) get your cup and 2) learn how to use it well. As Juliiie87 mentioned, you kinda can't pick a good cup without knowing where your cervix is. If it's average to high, then maybe start with a larger-capacity cup that fits your dimensions, since that will work regardless of your flow (that's the good thing about cups - you don't HAVE to scale back to a small cup on light flow days like you do with tampons). If your cervix is lower, than really rely on the size charts Juliiie87 linked to see what your short cup options are, and try to find a good balance between length and capacity. It seems that balance is key... The highest I found my cervix to go was about 7 cm and its low was about 4. Luckily, my traveling isn't me moving around continuously for 10 months, but rather me moving to a country and living there for 10 months. So I am not doing a lot of moving around. Do you think there would be any issues with learning while I'm abroad? I doubt I will have enough time at home for the initial learning curve. I think you'll be ok with any of the shortish

redpajama

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high capacity cups such as large Sckoon, large si-bell/Fleurcup, Rubycup, etc. Cups usually sit (o) around the cervix so that gives you a bit of leeway past the tip of your cervix. The large Fleurcup for instance is known to fit people with a cervix lower than the actual length of it. As long as you can wear a liner or pad for back-up and access a private bathroom with sink twice a day you should be fine. That's the beauty of cups, you're not wasting anything by using a larger cup on a light day! unless your cup is too big/firm for you and you get sore after a while. Hence my love of softer cups. Check out the stiffness chart linked on the sizecharts page too. I most definitely will! This community really is as helpful as it seems. And thank you so much for the tips. I greatly appreciate it! Since you like the Sckoon, how about a large instead of a small? That way you'll have the capacity if you think you'll need it. And width-wise, the couple of mm really don't make a difference. And at 50mm in length, it's nice and short, which you claim to want and need. It's a "new" cup but initial reviews say it's soft and squishy so it's comfy. Therefore it takes a little coaxing to get open but just be patient and you'll figure out a technique that works best for you in no time. It also comes in pretty colors. ;o) Personally, I like light colors because it's easier to see how full the cup is or isn't in the middle of the night in a dark bathroom so that I can gauge when I need to attend to it again. Dark on dark in the dark is hard to see. There are some lighter looking colors. They seem like they might be sort of foggy for looking through though. I was considering a lighter color, I think they look better. Even though most people prefer the bright vibrant ones over the pale subtle ones. You don't need to look through them. My point is that I think it's easier to see the color contrast of dark blood against a light cup. But get what YOU like! That comment made no sense on my part. Please excuse my silly thought. It sort of just popped in my head and I just kept on typing. Sorry about that one! No, it DID make sense. Not silly at all! And I DO look through my cups because I want to see the measuring lines. (I had a bleeding issue and needed to keep track.) But you're right, you don't need to be as exact if you just peek in to figure out when you need to check in on your cup again. For example: "Oh good, looks like things are slowing down." Wow, the trip sounds awesome, where are you going? I agree with everyone else that you don't need to be afraid of a larger cup as long as it's soft (I'm not experienced with the Sckoon myself, but I have a FemmyCycle, which is quite a bit wider than most cups but quite soft)...capacity will be more important anyway if you're doing a lot of running around and sightseeing while you're gone. Welcome and enjoy your trip! Thank you! I plan on studying abroad in China for the upcoming school year. I really like my large Sckoon cup. The rim is slightly thicker than the body but still very flexible (as opposed to a femmecup or ladycup whose rims are noticeably springier/firmer than the body of the cup). It is very comfortable and fairly small for having 30ml capacity. The Sckoon is one of the few cups that hasn't leaked for me. Hope you have a great 10 months and success with your cup experience!<|endoftext|>Q: how to remove files from a windows machine without wiping the drive? I would like to make it reasonably difficult to recover files from a windows 8 machine without wiping the drive. I have tried the usual file delete techniques from the specified directories and the recycle bin. Not sure what is next. i.e. is there a tool for this? <|endoftext|>\section*{Introduction} \label{intro} Chirped pulse modulation is a widely used technique, with relevant applications in several fields of research, ranging from digital communication \cite{DC} to radar detection \cite{RD}, and from optics \cite{OP} to laser physics. In a broadband laser, frequency chirping is employed to stretch a short pulse prior to amplification. This stretching and the associated lower intensity mitigates the problem of phase distortion in the amplification medium. After pulse amplification, the pulse is recompressed to recover a short duration and, hence, high power \cite{CPA}. A similar method has been proposed \cite{YuPRE, NIMPoletto, NIMFeng} to enhance the power generated by a single-pass seeded free-electron laser (FEL) working in the so-called coherent harmonic generation (CHG) regime \cite{YuPRA}. After amplification and removal of the chirp, one in principle can obtain a high power, nearly Fourier-transform-limited pulse. In this paper, we characterize the performance of a seeded FEL where frequency chirping on the seed laser is instead exploited to generate two independent pulses spectrally and temporally separated in an externally controllable fashion. As previously shown in \cite{PRLDP}, this opens the possibility of using a chirped-seeded FEL as a self-standing source for pump-probe experiments in the vacuum ultraviolet and X-ray spectral domain. The paper is divided into the following parts: in Section \ref{formation} we introduce the principle upon which a CHG FEL is based, with specific reference to the case of the FERMI@Elettra FEL \cite{NaturePhot}. We then qualitatively describe the formation of the double spectral peak, when the seed laser carries a linear frequency chirp. In Section \ref{description}, we give a description of the effects due to both a laser frequency chirp and an electron beam energy chirp. Then in Section \ref{experiment}, we present the results obtained on the FERMI@Elettra FEL and, in Section \ref{simulations}, compare them to numerical simulations. Finally, we summarize our conclusions and provide some perspectives for future experimental studies. \section{Formation of the spectral double peak} \label{formation} A CHG FEL such as FERMI@Elettra typically employs a layout similar to that shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_FERMI}. A relativistic electron beam first propagates through the periodic field generated by an undulator, called the modulator, simultaneously interacting with a powerful coherent light source (e.g., a low-order harmonic of a Ti:Sapphire laser). This interaction coherently modulates the electron energy which then leads to a longitudinally-regular charge distribution after the electrons pass through a chromatically-dispersive magnet. Such a spatial modulation, called bunching, has nonzero spectral components at both the seed wavelength and at its higher harmonics. After the dispersive section, electron beam enters one or more additional undulators (called the radiators), whose normalized magnetic deflection parameters $K$ are tuned for fundamental FEL resonance to occur at an integral harmonic of the seed wavelength: \begin{equation} \label{resonance} \lambda_n=\frac{\lambda_u}{2 n \gamma^2}\, (1+\frac{K^2}{2}). \end{equation} Here $\lambda_u$ is the undulator period, $n$ the harmonic order and $\gamma$ is the relativistic Lorentz factor characterizing the mean energy of the electron beam. The resultant FEL radiation, which is highly temporally coherent due to the periodic bunching, can undergo quadratic (low-gain regime) or exponential (high-gain regime) amplification. For a sufficiently long radiator, the FEL process will reach saturation. The main parameters of the FERMI@Elettra configuration relevant for our experimental studies are listed in Table \ref{Table_FEL1_parameters} and its caption. One should note that on FERMI@Elettra the seed pulses are much shorter than the electron beam. This is a critical point both for the spectral quality of the FEL emission and the spectro-temporal pulse-splitting phenomenon. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[trim = 0mm 60mm 0mm 50mm, clip=true, width=0.9\textwidth]{Figure_FERMI} \caption{Schematic layout of the CHG configuration of FERMI@Elettra (see text for details on the FEL process). The output light is separated downstream the FEL line by a grazing-incidence mirror. The fraction corresponding to zeroth order of diffraction ($\ge 95\%$ of the total) is sent to experimental user beamlines, whereas the much weaker, first order component is sent to an online diagnostic spectrometer where it strikes a YAG:Ce crystal, whose visible fluorescence is then measured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) \cite{PADRES1,PADRES2}. The spectrometer resolution is about $1.4\,$meV per CCD pixel.} \label{Figure_FERMI} \end{figure} \begin{table}[!h] \centering \small \begin{tabular}{ccc

redpajama

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} \hline\hline Electron beam & Mean energy & $\approx 1\,$GeV \\ & Peak current & $\approx 300\,$A \\ & Duration (FWHM) & $1.5\,$ps \\ \hline Seed & Central wavelength & $261\,$nm\\ & Temporal profile & Gaussian \\ & Duration (FWHM) & $ \approx 200\,$fs \\ & Energy & $10 - 150\,\mu$J \\ & Transverse size (RMS) & $\approx 350 \,\mu$m \\ \hline Modulator & Period & $100\,$mm\\ & Number of periods & $32$\\ \hline Dispersive section & $R_{56} $ & $20 - 50\,\mu$m \\ \hline Radiators & Number & 2 \\ & Harmonic order $n$ & 6 \\ & Period & $55\,$mm \\ & Number of periods & $44$\\ \hline\hline \end{tabular} \caption{Parameters of FERMI@Elettra relevant for the experiments reported in this paper. The seed transverse size is defined as the standard deviation of the transverse intensity distribution measured at the modulator entrance. The $R_{56}$ parameter is the momentum compaction factor characterizing the strength of the dispersive section \cite{YuPRA}. The undulators were set so as to generate circularly polarized FEL radiation, with a typical energy/pulse of $20\,\mu$J.} \label{Table_FEL1_parameters} \end {table} \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[trim = 0mm 2mm 0mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.7\textwidth]{Figure_double_peak_principle_new} \caption{Sketch of the seed-electrons interaction and resulting FEL (temporal and spectral) outputs for different seed configurations: no chirp and moderate seed intensity (a), no chirp and high seed intensity (b), chirped seed with high intensity (c). In (a), the optimum seed-electrons interaction occurs around the center of the seed pulse so that the FEL output mimics the shape of the seed. In (b), the FEL pulse temporally splits in two because the seed power is too high in the middle of the pulse: a beating between the two sub-pulses involves a frequency modulation but the spectrum remains centered on a single peak at the harmonic $n$ of the constant seed frequency $\omega_0$. In (c), the chirp of the seed combined with the temporal pulse splitting leads to the creation of two separated spectral peaks corresponding to the harmonics of the frequencies $\omega_0'$ and $\omega_0''$ at the respective position of each sub-pulse.} \label{Figure_double_peak_principle} \end{figure} As shown in Fig.~\ref{Figure_double_peak_principle}a, under conditions of moderate seed power and a temporally flat (i.e, both in energy and current) electron beam, the spectro-temporal properties of CHG mimic those of the seed \cite{PRLSR, NaturePhot}: starting with a Gaussian seed pulse with a given duration and wavelength $\lambda$, one ends up with an output Gaussian CHG pulse at wavelength $\lambda_n$ with slightly shorter duration\cite{Stupakov}. However, this statement (which, in the temporal domain, is mainly a prediction of numerical simulations, due to the lack of temporal diagnostics in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral range), is true only under certain limits and depends on the regime of operation of the FEL. Indeed, when increasing the seed power, the temporal edges of the seed pulse are also able to produce strong bunching at entrance to the radiator so that a larger part of the electron beam emits intense FEL radiation, giving a longer FEL pulse. For very high seed powers, the electron-beam energy modulation at the peak of the seed (i.e., the central position for a Gaussian) becomes too strong for the particular $R_{56}$ value characterizing the strength of the dispersive section. Then there is an overbunching effect and the resultant bunching in the radiator is strongly depressed. Thus, the FEL emission from this central position falls. On the other hand, there are two temporal positions with lower seed power, symmetric with respect to the peak of the seed, that match the optimum bunching condition for a given $R_{56}$. Accordingly, the FEL signal grows and reaches the maximum intensity in these regions. This scenario is represented in Fig. \ref{Figure_double_peak_principle}b. For a sufficiently strong seed intensity, the FEL power at the central position almost vanishes and two successive pulses appear, as previously described in \cite{Labat}. This phenomenon becomes particularly interesting if the seed is chirped i.e., if its frequency depends on the longitudinal position. As shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_double_peak_principle}c, in this situation the split temporal pulses have also different frequencies. In other words, two independent pulses with two different frequencies are created \cite{PRLDP}. Two-colour pulse generation by a seeded FEL was observed for the first time \cite{talkAllaria} early in 2011 during the commissioning of FERMI@Elettra. A typical measurement of the FEL spectrum as a function of the seed power is shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_fork_seed_experiment}. By increasing the seed energy, the portion of electrons getting over-bunched increases, leading to a larger separation of the spectral peaks. As shown in the figure insets, the two-colour spectra are very stable on a shot-to-shot basis with very good repeatability. We obtained very similar pulse-splitting results by increasing the strength of the dispersive section while keeping the seed power constant (this is illustrated later in Fig. \ref{Figure_R56_experiment}). \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \resizebox{0.8\textwidth}{!}{\includegraphics{Figure_fork_seed_experiment}} \caption{Experimental characterization of the spectral separation between FEL peaks, as a function of seed energy per pulse. The insets show the spectrum of fifty consecutive shots, integrated at the positions indicated by the arrows on the projected figure (higher part).} \label{Figure_fork_seed_experiment} \end{figure} The spectro-temporal properties of the FEL emission are also affected by the quality of the electron beam. In particular, effects due to an energy chirp (i.e., the mean electron energy varies with longitudinal position) can couple with those from the frequency chirp carried by the seed laser. This interplay may have an impact on the process of formation of the two peaks, as well as on their spectral and temporal separations. In order to better explain the process of production of the double peak, we will now provide a description of the seed laser and electron beam chirps, with particular reference to the case of FERMI@Elettra. \section{Description of seed and electron beam chirps} \label{description} \subsection*{Seed pulse: frequency chirp} The seed pulse used at FERMI@Elettra is the third harmonic of a Ti:Sapphire laser; both the temporal and spectral profiles are well fit by a Gaussian dependence \cite{seedFERMI}. The presence of a linear frequency chirp can be modelled by a quadratic term in the phase of the laser electric field: \begin{equation} \label{Efield_t} E(t) = A(t) e^{i(\omega_0 t + \Gamma_i t^2)}. \end{equation} Here A(t) stands for the temporal envelope while the exponential term carries the phase of the oscillations, including the rapidly-oscillating term at the central angular frequency $\omega_0$ and the quadratic term $\Gamma_i t^2$. The parameter $\Gamma_i$ is given by: \begin{equation} \label{gamma} \Gamma_i = \pm\frac{1}{4\sigma_t^2}\sqrt{4\sigma_t^2 \sigma_{\omega}^2-1}, \end{equation} $\sigma_t$ and $\sigma_{\omega}$ being the standard deviations of the temporal intensity profile and the spectrum, respectively. The sign of $\Gamma_i$ corresponds to the sign of the induced frequency dispersion. In the setup adopted at FERMI@Elettra, the frequency dispersion of the seed pulse may be controlled in three different (but eventually combined) ways: (1) by propagation of the seed through different materials; (2) by passage through a dedicated set of gratings; and (3) by increasing the seed intensity, which causes self-phase modulation \cite{Diels}. It is worth noting that in the presence of self-phase modulation, the chirp cannot be considered as being linear at or near the edges of the pulse. Moreover, the self-modulation process is associated with a spectral broadening. This broadening has been measured and taken into account in the present study. We also note that, for the experiments reported in this paper, the Gaussian shape of the pulse is preserved over the full range of seed energies. The instantaneous frequency of the pulse is the

redpajama

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derivative of the temporal phase (see Eq. \ref{Efield_t}): \begin{equation} \label{frequency} \omega(t) = \omega_0 + 2\Gamma_i t. \end{equation} Positive $\Gamma_i$’s define a positive linear chirp; i.e., smaller frequencies (longer wavelengths) arrive first. On the contrary, negative chirps arise for negative $\Gamma_i$ values. In both cases, two parts of the pulse separated by a duration $\Delta t$ have different frequencies, whose separation is, according to Eq. \ref{frequency}: \begin{equation} \label{dw} \Delta\omega(\Delta t) = 2\Gamma_i\Delta t. \end{equation} For a CHG FEL that operates in the pulse splitting regime, with the radiators tuned at the harmonic $n$ and the two sub-pulses separated by $\Delta t$, we thus expect the frequency separation between the two spectral peaks to be: \begin{equation} \label{dwn} \Delta\omega _n = n\Delta\omega \end{equation} For the sake of convenience, in the reminder of this paper, we will speak in terms of wavelength $\lambda$, instead of angular frequency $\omega$ and will therefore consider $\Delta\lambda _n$ as the spectral separation of the two peaks of the FEL emission. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Figure_seed_data_without_alphabeta} \caption{Evolution of $\Delta\lambda(4\sigma_t)$ as a function of $\sigma_t$ for the following bandwidths of the seed carrying a linear positive chirp: $\sigma_{\lambda}=0.3\,$nm (dashed line) and $\sigma_{\lambda}=0.5\,$nm (full line). These values correspond to limiting cases of accessible Gaussian spectra at FERMI@Elettra. For a negative chirp, one gets the same values of $\Delta\lambda(4\sigma_t)$, but with opposite sign. The $\sigma_t$ corresponding to $\Delta\lambda(4\sigma_t) = 0\,$nm is the (theoretical) duration of a Fourier-transform limited pulse.} \label{Figure_seed_data_without_alphabeta} \end{figure} For a given spectral bandwidth, the presence of chirp in the seed pulse will increase its temporal duration. At two positions separated by $4\sigma_t$ and symmetric with respect to the center of the pulse, the electron bunch experiences $13.5\%$ of the maximum intensity of a Gaussian profile seed. For our seed laser parameters, efficient seeding seems difficult below $10\%$ of the peak intensity, i.e., on the very far edges of the seed pulse. Therefore, we may consider $4\sigma_t$ as the maximum practically achievable $\Delta t$ for a given chirp. Figure \ref{Figure_seed_data_without_alphabeta} displays the evolution of the spectral separation $\Delta \lambda$ between parts of the seed located at a distance $4\sigma_t$, as a function of $\sigma_t$. Two different values of the bandwidth have been considered, corresponding to the two limiting cases at FERMI@Elettra: for a seed energy per pulse below $10\,\mu$J, the spectral bandwidth is close to $\sigma_{\lambda}=0.3\,$nm whereas, for higher energies and thus intensities, nonlinear effects can broaden the spectrum up to $\sigma_{\lambda}=0.5\,$nm. For increasing values of $\sigma_t$ (i.e., for an increasing amount of chirp), $\Delta \lambda$ reaches an asymptotic value. Examining Fig.~\ref{Figure_seed_data_without_alphabeta}, one therefore sees for the case of FERMI@Elettra $\Delta\lambda$ is limited to about $3\,$nm. This information is important because it sets an effective limit to the spectral separation $\Delta\lambda _n$ of the two pulses generated by the FEL. \\ \subsection*{Electron beam: energy chirp} As is now well known for CHG FEL's in which the electron beam acts as an intermediary in carrying the coherent seed signal, temporal variations such as chirps in the energy profile may seriously impact the FEL output emission (see, e.g., \cite{Biedron_Milton_Freund, Shaftan, Fawley_Penn, LutmanGreen, Lutman}). A linear electron beam energy chirp, whose slope will be noted $\chi_{1}$, couples to the total chromatic dispersion of the dispersive section and downstream undulators resulting in a simple shift of the central wavelength of FEL emission \cite{Shaftan}. In principle, any corresponding gain reduction due to this shift can be compensated by either retuning the resonant wavelength of the undulators (see Eq. \ref{resonance}) or by slightly adjusting the seed wavelength. However, a quadratic chirp component $\chi_{2}$ will result in spectral broadening of output emission \cite{Fawley_Penn, Lutman} and, for sufficiently large magnitudes, can also reduce the FEL gain if the broadening becomes a significant fraction of the FEL's gain bandwidth. In principle, here too the effect can be compensated by placing an equal magnitude but negative chirp on the seed pulse \cite{Graves}. In the context of the subject matter of this paper, namely the formation and control of a double spectro-temporal peak, a quadratic electron beam energy chirp can either enhance or reduce the spectral offset between the two peaks and thus must be carefully taken into account. A simple linear and quadratic energy chirp can be modelled as: \begin{equation} \label{energy} E(t) = E_0 + \chi_1 t + \chi_2 t^2. \end{equation} The exact amplitudes of the $\chi_{1}$ and $\chi_{2}$ coefficients at entrance to the FEL depend upon various propagation effects as the electron beam is transported through the linear accelerator (linac). First of all, the radio-frequency (RF) accelerating fields \cite{Wangler} of the successive linac sections (generally phased at or very close to crest) induce a negative quadratic chirp. Second, in order to increase the electron beam current (and thus enhance the FEL emission), the electron bunch is time-compressed. On FERMI@Elettra, this is done by first imposing a positive linear chirp component via phasing of two upstream linac sections off crest, and then by sending the electron beam through a magnetic chicane that converts the linear energy chirp into longitudinal compression. However, this procedure generates an additional negative curvature of the temporal energy profile. In order to linearize the longitudinal electron-beam phase space during the compression (generally necessary to have a relative constant current profile), an X-band, 4th high-harmonic RF cavity \cite{Xband} positioned just upstream of the chicane is run close to negative crest to provide a positive contribution to the $\chi_{2}$ coefficient and compensate the aforementioned negative curvature. Following compression, strong longitudinal wakefields \cite{longwake} in the downstream linac act upon the much higher current electron beam bunch: they induce a chirp that contains both a linear, negative term and a positive curvature component. While the linear $\chi_{1}$ coefficient can be eliminated by slightly dephasing off crest the last couple RF linac sections (at a price of a small reduction in final beam energy), there is no simple way to reduce the quadratic $\chi_{2}$ coefficient and therefore in general the electron beam enters the FEL with a quadratic energy chirp. At FERMI@Elettra, we characterize the electron beam longitudinal phase space at the end of the linac via a diagnostic section composed of an RF deflecting cavity \cite{HERFD} followed by an energy spectrometer. The cavity stretches the beam in the vertical direction, inducing a correlation between the temporal distribution and the vertical displacement. The bending magnet chromatically disperses the electrons in the horizontal plane, making the information about the beam energy profile available along that direction. The beam longitudinal phase space can then be visualized on a fluorescent YAG crystal + CCD camera system placed downstream, as shown in Fig.~\ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement}. This particular $E(t)$ distribution corresponds to the configuration in which most of the results presented in this paper have been obtained. The energy profile is very close to a parabola with a quite small linear component (i.e., \hbox{\, $\chi_{1} \approx 1\,$Mev/ps}) and a much more significant quadratic component with \hbox{$\chi_{2} \approx 7\,$Mev/ps$^{2}$}. In Section~\ref{simulations} we consider the impact of this quadratic component upon double peak formation. As shown in the right panel of Fig.~\ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement}, the current profile is almost flat in the

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middle of the bunch, even if a slow ramp towards the tail can be noticed. Experimentally, there is a typical shot-to-shot jitter of $\approx 50\,$fs of the relative electron beam-seed timing. This jitter in conjunction with current inhomogeneities results in a fluctuation of the FEL power, as the seed ``explores'' different temporal portions of the beam. This effect may be relevant for user applications but does not affect the formation of the spectro-temporal double peak. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \subfigure { \includegraphics[trim = 10mm 0mm 15mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.32\textwidth]{Figure_ebeam_pattern} } \subfigure { \includegraphics[trim = 15mm 0mm 15mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.32\textwidth]{Figure_ebeam_energy} } \subfigure { \includegraphics[trim = 15mm 0mm 15mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.30\textwidth]{Figure_ebeam_current} } \caption{Electron beam longitudinal phase space measured at the RF deflector/spectrometer diagnostic end station of the FERMI@Elettra linac. Left: raw CCD spectrometer image; center: energy profile determined from image analysis; right: current profile. Here time \textit{increases} from the beam head to the beam tail.} \label{Figure_ebeam_measurement} \end{figure} We now give a quantitative description of the two-colour emission results at FERMI@Elettra. \section{Experimental results} \label{experiment} \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Figure_delay_experiment} \caption{FEL spectrum at the $6^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($43.5\,$nm), as a function of the relative delay between the seed pulse and the electron beam. At the zero value of the delay, the seed pulse is approximately centered on the bunch of electrons. The dispersive section $R_{56}$ and seed energy were set, respectively, to $23\,\mu$m and $80\,\mu$J; see Table~1 for other parameters.} \label{Figure_delay_experiment} \end{figure} Figure \ref{Figure_delay_experiment} shows the behaviour of the FEL spectrum at the $6^{th}$ harmonic of the seed (43.5 nm) as one sweeps the relative time delay between the seed and the electron beam. To the best of our knowledge, this picture provides the first direct \textit{experimental} evidence of the temporal pulse splitting in an FEL due to local overbunching induced by an intense seed. At a delay $ \approx -0.8\,$ps, the seed is superimposed on the electron beam tail, so that the first peak (at larger wavelength, since the frequency chirp is positive) appears. Then, at a delay $\approx -0.6\,$ps, the whole seed pulse lies on top of sufficiently high current portions of the electron beam and the second peak (at shorter wavelength) also appears. As we remarked in the previous section, a linear energy chirp of the electron energy induces a spectral shift of the FEL emission. Hence, when they appear near the tail portion of the electron beam, both peaks are detuned towards shorter wavelengths because of the strong local negative slope of the electron beam chirp (see Fig. \ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement}). For smaller relative timing delays (i.e., moving the seed from overlapping the tail toward the head of the bunch), the central wavelengths of the two peaks drift redward due to the increase of the value of the local linear chirp of the electron energy distribution. However, the separation between the two spectral peaks ($\Delta\lambda_6 \approx 0.17\,$nm), their relative heights and their respective widths remain practically constant. The wavelength drift flattens out about $100\,$fs before the first spectral peak disappears; this behaviour is mirrored $200\,$fs later in the second peak. This early disappearance might be caused by the small current ramp from the center of the bunch to its tail (see Fig. \ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement}) and/or by degraded transverse properties in this region. In this experiment, the external seed chirp was created both during the propagation through different optical components such as lenses and windows, and by self-phase modulation due to high intensity. We typically measured a seed bandwidth $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.45\,$nm and a duration $\sigma_t \approx 90\,$fs (determined by cross-correlating the seed pulse with an infrared pulse, extracted from the oscillator of the Ti:Sapphire laser chain, whose FWHM duration $\approx 80\,$fs). This gives $\Gamma_i \approx 6.2 \cdot 10^{-5}\,$fs$^{-2}$, leading to the retrieval of the theoretical separation between the two sub-pulses, defined in Section \ref{description}. From Eqs. \ref{dw} and \ref{dwn}, we obtain: \begin{equation} \label{dt} \Delta t = \frac{\Delta\omega}{2\Gamma_i} = \frac{n\pi c}{\Gamma_i\lambda^2} \cdot \Delta\lambda _n, \end{equation} where $c$ is the speed of light. For an harmonic order $n=6$, $\Delta t \approx 230\,$fs (equal to $2.5 \sigma_t$). The accuracy of this result will in principle be affected by the intrinsic chirp induced in the radiation during the FEL process \cite{Wu} and by any quadratic energy chirp on the electron bunch. However, the size of the former is usually quite small relative to other chirps and the contribution of the latter is minor for our conditions, as will be confirmed in Section \ref{simulations}. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \subfigure[] { \includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{Figure_R56_experiment} \label{Figure_R56_experiment} } \subfigure[] { \includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{Figure_chirp_experiment} \label{Figure_chirp_experiment} } \caption{Observed double spectral peaks: (a) for two different strengths of the dispersive section and (b) for two different chirp values of the seed (b), corresponding to the standard positive chirp (``chirp +", $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.45\,$nm and $\sigma_t \approx 90\,$fs with a seed energy of $\approx 70\,\mu$J) and a stronger chirp (``chirp ++", $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.5\,$nm and $\sigma_t \approx 160\,$fs with a seed energy of $\approx 75\,\mu$J) induced by adding a piece of 50-mm thickness of $CaF_2$. For (b), the configuration of the machine was different than the one described in Table \ref{Table_FEL1_parameters}: 6 radiators were used, tuned to the $8^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($32.6\,$nm), $R_{56} = 80~\mu m$ and the electron beam had the following parameters: mean energy $1270\,$MeV, $\chi_1 \approx 8\,$MeV/ps, $\chi_2 \approx 0.3\,$MeV/ps$^2$, FWHM duration $2\,$ps, peak current $\approx 200\,$A.} \label{Figure_peaks_games_experiment} \end{figure} Up to now, we mainly focused on the effect of the seed power upon double spectro-temporal pulse formation. However, other parameters can influence the production and separation of the peaks. One is the strength of the dispersive section, as already discussed in \cite{PRLDP} and experimentally demonstrated here in Fig. \ref{Figure_R56_experiment}. Indeed, the dispersive section has an effect very similar to that of the seed power: the higher its strength, the lower the required seed power to produce a double pulse. Some small differences in the trend may be observed essentially because changing the seed intensity may affect the non-linear optical material dispersion and thus the chirp, while this does not happen when the $R_{56}$ is varied. Similarly, when employing a strong dispersive section, a moderate seed power can be sufficient to increase the peaks separation. Fig. \ref{Figure_chirp_experiment} shows a different way to modify the spectral separation of the two pulses, i.e., by changing the seed chirp. However, increasing the seed chirp above a given limit does not produce any significant change in the FEL spectrum. This can be expected from the limitation of $\Delta\lambda$ shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_seed_data_

redpajama

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without_alphabeta}. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figure_detuning_experiment} \caption{Double peak for different tuning conditions of the radiators. The seed was in its standard configuration so that $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.45\,$nm and $\sigma_t \approx 90\,$fs with an energy per pulse of $\approx 70\,\mu$J. The configuration of the rest of the machine was different than the one described in Table \ref{Table_FEL1_parameters}: 6 radiators were used, tuned to the $8^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($32.6\,$nm), $R_{56} = 60\,\mu$m and the electron beam had the following parameters: mean energy $1175\,$MeV, $\chi_1 \approx 0\,$MeV/ps, $\chi_2 \approx 10\,$MeV/ps$^2$, FWHM duration $0.8\,$ps, peak current $\approx 600\,$A.} \label{Figure_detuning_experiment} \end{figure} Also the relative heights of the peaks can be easily controlled, favouring the growth of one over the other, by tuning the wavelength corresponding to FEL resonance of the undulators. The spectrum represented by the dotted line in Fig. \ref{Figure_detuning_experiment} corresponds to a central tuning of the undulators. The data represented by the solid line were taken at slightly negative detuning; while both peaks can be seen, the one at shorter wavelength is significantly stronger. The dashed curve shows a situation where the detuning is positive, for which the peak of the gain curve has moved to longer wavelengths. Here the shorter wavelength pulse has been almost completely suppressed. \section{Simulations} \label{simulations} The formation of the double peak is well reproduced by simulations \cite{PRLDP} carried out using both 3D \cite{genesis} and 1D numerical codes \cite{perseo}. Figure \ref{Figure_fork_seed_exp_vs_Perseo} shows a comparison of the spectral pulse splitting between the experimental data and 1D Perseo code simulations. As it can be seen, the agreement is very satisfactory. Note that in the simulations, the relative power before splitting is slightly higher than the one measured experimentally. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \subfigure[experiment] { \includegraphics[trim = 20mm 0mm 20mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.45\textwidth]{Figure_fork_seed_cut_exp_spectrum_surf} \label{Figure_fork_seed_cut_exp_spectrum} } \subfigure[simulations] { \includegraphics[trim = 20mm 0mm 20mm 0mm, clip=true, width=0.45\textwidth]{Figure_fork_seed_cut_Perseo_spectrum_surf} \label{Figure_fork_seed_cut_Perseo_spectrum} } \caption{Comparison of the spectral splitting observed experimentally (a) and reproduced by simulations (b) using the code Perseo. For simulations, the following parameters were used for the electron beam: $\chi_{1} = 1\,$MeV/ps, $\chi_{2} = 7\,$MeV/ps$^{2}$, normalized transverse emittance $1\,$mm-mrad, relative energy spread $0.01\%$, peak current $300\,$A. For each value of the seed energy, the bandwidth and the duration of the seed pulse were determined from interpolation of experimental values, growing linearly from $\sigma_{\lambda} = 0.35\,$nm to $\sigma_{\lambda} = 0.45\,$nm and from $\sigma_t = 70\,$fs to $\sigma_t = 90\,$fs as the seed energy increased from $10\,\mu$J to $100\,\mu$J. For other parameters, please refer to Table \ref{Table_FEL1_parameters}.} \label{Figure_fork_seed_exp_vs_Perseo} \end{figure} Let us now focus on one single measurement. Figure \ref{Figure_output_Perseo} shows the predicted spectrum and temporal profiles, obtained for simulation parameters that allow a good reproduction of the dashed-line spectrum reported in Fig. \ref{Figure_R56_experiment}. The simulations have been carried out both for an ideal (i.e., flat in current and in energy) electron beam (dashed line), and the ``real'' electron-beam energy distribution shown in Fig. \ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement} (solid line). As shown in the left panel of Fig. \ref{Figure_output_Perseo}, the positions of the spectral peaks are similar for the two cases: a slight reduction of the pulse separation on the order of $0.01\,$nm can be observed in the ``real" case. Such a small contribution may be neglected in our conditions and, in any case, the double peak formation is not affected. Moreover, if we calculate using Eq. \ref{dt} the theoretical separation between the two sub-pulses in the spectrum represented in Fig. \ref{Figure_R56_experiment}, we find $\Delta t = 198\,$fs. This is close to the value found in the simulation (right panel of Fig. \ref{Figure_output_Perseo}), that is $\Delta t = 186\,$fs. Therefore, we claim that the agreement between theoretical, experimental and numerical studies can be considered as very satisfactory. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Figure_output_Perseo} \caption{Predicted FEL spectral and temporal profiles obtained using the the numerical code Perseo, for the following parameters: seed bandwidth $\sigma_{\lambda} = 0.47\,$nm, duration $\sigma_t = 93\,$fs, energy $70\,\mu$J and central wavelength $261.1\,$nm; $R_{56}= 20\,\mu$m; electron beam peak current $300\,$A, normalized transverse emittance $1\,$mm-mrad and relative energy spread $0.01\%$; undulators tuned to the $6^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($43.5\,$nm). The dashed line represents the results obtained using an ideal, constant current, chirpless electron beam. The solid line shows simulation results for an electron beam with a current profile corresponding to Fig.~\ref{Figure_ebeam_measurement} and energy chirps of $1\,$MeV/ps (linear) and $7\,$MeV/ps$^2$ (quadratic).} \label{Figure_output_Perseo} \end{figure} For this set of data, the spectral peaks have similar bandwidths $\sigma_{\lambda} \approx 0.028~nm$, and the temporal pulses have similar durations, i.e., $\sigma_t \approx 30~fs$. According to these numbers, the duration of each sub-pulse is $\approx 1.6$ times greater than the Fourier-transform limit for a Gaussian spectrum. The distance from the Fourier-transform limit can be further reduced, e.g. by tuning the chirp of the seed laser. Since the seed and thus the FEL pulses are chirped, one could have expected a significant negative impact on the time-bandwidth product of each sub-pulse. However, this is not the case since each peak is quite narrow, and therefore barely sees the phase curvature of the seed electric field. Moreover, this also indicates that the phase of FEL pulses does not present high-order distortions. Before concluding, let us consider a situation where the quadratic chirp of the electron beam is no longer negligible. We carried out simulations with same parameters as before for several values of quadratic chirp, but without any linear component (i.e., $\chi_1=0\,$MeV/ps$^2$). In Fig. \ref{Figure_quadratic_energy_chirp_Perseo}, we see that the value of $\chi_2$ has almost no effect on the temporal shape of the FEL emission but that, as already stated in Section \ref{description}, the individual bandwidths and separation of the two spectral peaks are directly affected. Consequently, a quadratic energy chirp of the electron beam acts on the spectrum in a very similar way as does a linear chirp of the seed laser, and thus both may be used individually or in conjunction to modulate the spectral shape of the FEL emission. \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{Figure_quadratic_energy_chirp_Perseo} \caption{Comparison of the outputs of simulations carried out with the numerical code Perseo for different values of the quadratic chirp of the electrons (left: spectrum; right: temporal intensity), for the following parameters: seed bandwidth $\sigma_{\lambda} = 0.47\,$nm, duration $\sigma_t = 93\,$fs, energy $70\,\mu$J and central wavelength $261.1\,$nm; $R_{56}= 20\,\mu$m; undulators

redpajama

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tuned to the $6^{th}$ harmonic of the seed ($43.5\,$nm); electron beam peak current $300\,$A, normalized transverse emittance $1\,$mm-mrad, relative energy spread $0.01\%$ and no linear chirp component. Solid line: $\chi_2=-10\,$MeV/ps$^2$; dashed line: $\chi_2=10\,$MeV/ps$^2$; dotted line: $\chi_2=50\,$Mev/ps$^2$.} \label{Figure_quadratic_energy_chirp_Perseo} \end{figure} \section*{Conclusion} \label{conclusion} We studied the mechanism leading to the generation of two spectrally- and temporally-separated radiation pulses for a seeded, harmonic upshift free-electron laser operating in the extreme ultra-violet spectral region. This mechanism, discovered and studied in detail at the FERMI@Elettra FEL facility, relies on the use of a high-power chirped seed pulse to produce strong, coherent overbunching in an electron beam; the presence of the chirp is the key element to producing a spectral splitting between the two temporal pulses. By changing either the seed laser power or the strength of the dispersive section, we demonstrated excellent control of both the temporal distance and the spectral separation between the generated pulses. We also found that for our particular operation regime, the onset of the pulse splitting and the control of the pulses properties are only slightly affected by temporal variations in electron beam properties such as the current. Quadratic energy chirps do affect the spectral bandwidths and separation between the two pulses, but have negligible effect on their temporal separations. In the limit that radiation/electron beam slippage effects are small, the temporal separation between pulses can be directly retrieved from the measurement of the FEL spectrum and from the knowledge of the seed chirp properties. Such information can be extremely important when exploiting this two-pulse configuration to carry out jitter-free, pump-probe user experiments. \section*{Acknowledgements} We gratefully acknowledge the valuable contribution of the FERMI@Elettra commissioning and operations team. We also profited from insightful discussions with F. Bencivenga, C. Callegari, F. Capotondi and M. Labat. This work was funded by the FERMI@Elettra project of Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, partially supported by the Ministry of University and Research under grant numbers FIRB-RBAP045JF2 and FIRB-RBAP06AWK3. The work of B. Mahieu, G. De Ninno and D. Gauthier has been partially supported by the CITIUS project, funded by the Program for cross-border cooperation Italy-Slovenia 2007-2013. <|endoftext|>The Macintosh Way was the first book written by former Apple evangelist Guy Kawasaki. Subtitled "the art of guerrilla management", the book focused on technology marketing and management and includes many anecdotes culled from Kawasaki's experience during the early development of the Macintosh. The author wrote of the book on his website: "This book was my first child. I wrote it because I was bursting with idealistic and pure notions about how a company can change the world, and I wanted to spread the gospel." He re-acquired rights to it after it had gone out of print and released it online as a free download. The book features a foreword by Jean-Louis Gassée. Chapter listing First Blood Macintosh Days Environment Great Products Support Marketing User Groups Evangelism To Market, To Market The Printed Word Working with the Mothership How to Give Good Demo Presentation Manager Trade Show Mavenship How to Drive your (MS-DOS) Competitors Crazy The Macintosh Guide to Dating and Marriage Sayonara External links The Macintosh Way at Guy Kawasaki's site 1990 non-fiction books Organizational culture Books by computer and internet entrepreneurs Books about Apple Inc.<|endoftext|>Q: how to control on the position of toolbar Item in SWT? I have 3 ToolItem : text, item1, item2 I want that text item will be align to the left and item 1 and item 2 will be align to the right for example text item1,item2 This is the code ToolBar treeToolBar = new ToolBar(treeComposite, SWT.NONE); filterText = new Text(treeToolBar, SWT.BORDER); ToolItem textItem = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.SEPARATOR); textItem.setControl(filterText); textItem.setWidth(filterText.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT, true).x); Item1 = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.PUSH | SWT.RIGHT); item2 = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.PUSH | SWT.RIGHT); A: If you just want item1 and item2 somewhere in the middle, add a new item with style SWT.SEPARATOR and set the desired width to offset the two items. If you really want the two items to be at the right side of the toolbar, you have to compute dynamically the size of that separator. Basically you subtract from the size of the toolbar the size of the three items (one text and two push items). Here is a complete snippet where the text is aligned to the left and the buttons to the right. The toolbar.pack() call is necessary to compute also the space used between the items and the trimming. We have to take that also into account. public static void main(String[] args) { final Display display = new Display(); final Shell shell = new Shell(display); shell.setLayout(new FillLayout()); final Composite treeComposite = new Composite(shell, SWT.NONE); treeComposite.setLayout(new GridLayout()); final ToolBar treeToolBar = new ToolBar(treeComposite, SWT.NONE); treeToolBar.setLayoutData(new GridData(SWT.FILL, SWT.FILL, true, false)); final Text filterText = new Text(treeToolBar, SWT.BORDER); final ToolItem textItem = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.SEPARATOR); textItem.setControl(filterText); textItem.setWidth(filterText.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT, true).x); final ToolItem separator = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.SEPARATOR); separator.setWidth(0); final ToolItem item1 = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.PUSH | SWT.RIGHT); item1.setImage(display.getSystemImage(SWT.ICON_WORKING)); final ToolItem item2 = new ToolItem(treeToolBar, SWT.PUSH | SWT.RIGHT); item2.setImage(display.getSystemImage(SWT.ICON_QUESTION)); treeToolBar.pack(); final int trimSize = treeToolBar.getSize().x - textItem.getWidth() - item1.getWidth() - item2.getWidth(); treeToolBar.addListener(SWT.Resize, new Listener() { @Override public void handleEvent(Event event) { final int toolbarWidth = treeToolBar.getSize().x; final int itemsWidth = textItem.getWidth() + item1.getWidth() + item2.getWidth(); final int separatorWidth = toolbarWidth - itemsWidth - trimSize; separator.setWidth(separatorWidth); } }); shell.open(); while (!shell.isDisposed()) { if (!display.readAndDispatch()) { display.sleep(); } } display.dispose(); } <|endoftext|>O Koreanosaurus (que significa "lagarto coreano") é o nome informal dado a um gênero de dinossauro terópode dromeosaurídeo que viveu em meados do período Cretáceo, há 110 e 100 milhões de anos entre o Aptiano e o Albiano, na Coreia do Sul. Por algum tempo foi referido como um Tyrannosauridae e Hypsilophodontidae. Com base em um fêmur solitário, a espécie tipo foi nomeada por Kim em 1979, que em 1993 decidiu incluí-lo como uma nova espécie do gênero. Deinonychus, o D. koreanensis. Foi relatada a presença de um quarto trocânter, que o distanciaria do Deinonychus e, possivelmente, da família Dromaeosauridae, embora isso não seja confirmado. Também já foi

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<?php /** * Service definition for AbusiveExperienceReport (v1). * * <p> * Views Abusive Experience Report data, and gets a list of sites that have a * significant number of abusive experiences.</p> * * <p> * For more information about this service, see the API * <a href="https://developers.google.com/abusive-experience-report/" target="_blank">Documentation</a> * </p> * * @author Google, Inc. */ class Google_Service_AbusiveExperienceReport extends Google_Service { /** Test scope for access to the Zoo service. */ const XAPI_ZOO = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/xapi.zoo"; public $sites; public $violatingSites; /** * Constructs the internal representation of the AbusiveExperienceReport * service. * * @param Google_Client $client */ public function __construct(Google_Client $client) { parent::__construct($client); $this->rootUrl = 'https://abusiveexperiencereport.googleapis.com/'; $this->servicePath = ''; $this->batchPath = 'batch'; $this->version = 'v1'; $this->serviceName = 'abusiveexperiencereport'; $this->sites = new Google_Service_AbusiveExperienceReport_Resource_Sites( $this, $this->serviceName, 'sites', array( 'methods' => array( 'get' => array( 'path' => 'v1/{+name}', 'httpMethod' => 'GET', 'parameters' => array( 'name' => array( 'location' => 'path', 'type' =>'string', 'required' => true, ), ), ), ) ) ); $this->violatingSites = new Google_Service_AbusiveExperienceReport_Resource_ViolatingSites( $this, $this->serviceName, 'violatingSites', array( 'methods' => array( 'list' => array( 'path' => 'v1/violatingSites', 'httpMethod' => 'GET', 'parameters' => array(), ), ) ) ); } } <|endoftext|>Q: Implicit Pointer-To-Const-T conversion I was wondering if the implicit conversion to a pointer to a const data type is somewhere defined in the C11 standard: T x; const T *p = &x; A pointer to an object of type T is implicitly converted into a pointer to an object of type const T. Is this implicit conversion somewhere defined in the C11 standard? (I know that it makes sense to allow this and how useful it is. I'm just curious to know where it is defined in the standard) Furthermore, is an implicit conversion from type T** to const T** forbidden according to C11? T *p; const T **pp = &p; This is a well known problematic part and therefore GCC and LLVM/clang raise a warning. Still I'm wondering if this is allowed according to the C11 standard or not. I only found in §6.5.16.1P6 a comment that this should be a constraint violation. However, I do not see which constraint should be violated. Again I know that this should be prohibited and that this implicit conversion can lead to subtle problems. I'm just curious to know if this is (un)defined behaviour according to C11. Again, my two questions are not about if this is good or not (which is answered multiple times here) but how/where the C11 standard defines this. Just for the sake of completeness here is a link to why the second example is problematic: http://c-faq.com/ansi/constmismatch.html A: A pointer to an object of type T is implicitely converted into a pointer to an object of type const-T. Is this implicit conversion somewhere defined in the C11 standard? Yes. This implicit conversion is mandated by the standard. Paragraph 3 of section 6.5.4 Cast Operators says that Conversions that involve pointers, other than where permitted by the constraints of 6.5.16.1, shall be specified by means of an explicit cast. and the referenced 6.5.16.1 under point 3 says: the left operand has atomic, qualified, or unqualified pointer type, and (considering the type the left operand would have after lvalue conversion) both operands are pointers to qualified or unqualified versions of compatible types, and the type pointed to by the left has all the qualifiers of the type pointed to by the right; Therefore the implicit conversion for const T *p = &x; holds because you're only adding qualifiers, not removing them. const T **pp = &p; doesn't fall under this, so you need an explicit cast (C++ would allow const T*const*pp = &p; (the second const is needed) but C still wouldn't.) The pointer conversion through an explicit cast isn't a problem as far as UB is concerned as long as the alignments match (which for pointers to differently qualified types they will) because 6.3.2.3p7 guarantees that: A pointer to an object type may be converted to a pointer to a different object type. If the resulting pointer is not correctly aligned68) for the referenced type, the behavior is undefined. Otherwise, when converted back again, the result shall compare equal to the original pointer. When a pointer to an object is converted to a pointer to a character type, the result points to the lowest addressed byte of the object. Successive increments of the result, up to the size of the object, yield pointers to the remaining bytes of the object. but you need to be mindful of accesses/dereferences which will be governed by the strict aliasing rule: An object shall have its stored value accessed only by an lvalue expression that has one of the following types:88) a type compatible with the effective type of the object, a qualified version of a type compatible with the effective type of the object, a type that is the signed or unsigned type corresponding to the effective type of the object, a type that is the signed or unsigned type corresponding to a qualified version of the effective type of the object, an aggregate or union type that includes one of the aforementioned types among its members (including, recursively, a member of a subaggregate or contained union), or a character type. <|endoftext|>Bolbopsittacus lunulatus é uma espécie de ave da família Psittacidae. É a única espécie do género Bolbopsittacus. É endémica das Filipinas. Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude e florestas de mangal tropicais ou subtropicais. Referências Psitacídeos Aves das Filipinas Aves descritas em 1786<|endoftext|>Knut Holger Bergwall, född 5 december 1879 i Undersviks församling, Gävleborgs län, död 5 maj 1959, var en svensk präst och skolman. Han skrev böcker om skyddshemsarbete. Han var bror till Einar Bergwall och svärson till Magnus Wieselgren. __Notoc__ Bergwall, som var son till prosten Hjalmar Bergwall och Alma Arbman, avlade dimissionsexamen 1902 samt prästexamen och folkskollärarexamen 1903 och prästvigdes samma år. Han var predikant och förste lärare vid statens uppfostringsanstalt på Bona 1905–1910, kapellpredikant och överlärare i Hofors 1910–1912, rektor vid Prins Gustavs folkskola i Uppsala (Uppsala stads folkskola) 1912–1931, kyrkoherde i Hudiksvalls och Idenors församlingar 1931–1935 och rektor vid Svenska kyrkans lekmannaskola i Sigtuna från 1936. Bergwall var Skolöverstyrelsens inspektör över anstalter för vanartiga och sedligt försummade barn 1920–1925, skyddshemsinspektör 1926–1929, rektor vid Uppsala högre folkskola 1920–1929, ordförande

redpajama

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i styrelsen för småskoleseminariet i Uppsala 1916–1931, ordförande i Uppsala KFUM 1913–1920, ordförande i Allmänna svenska prästföreningens krets i norra Hälsingland 1931–1935 och inspektor vid Hudiksvalls högre allmänna läroverk 1933–1935. Holger Bergwall är begraven på Uppsala gamla kyrkogård. Bibliografi i urval Vems är skulden? (1909) Kampen mot ungdomens förvildning (1913) Hjälten och hjälparen (1925) Dagen gryr (1940) Referenser Bergvall, Knut Holger på SvenskaGravar.se Noter Präster i Svenska kyrkan Svenska skolledare under 1900-talet Präster verksamma i Hudiksvalls församling Personer från Undersviks socken Gravsatta på Uppsala gamla kyrkogård Födda 1879 Avlidna 1959 Män<|endoftext|>Q: org-habit shows no habits I've posted before on using Brent Hansen's amazing org setup. This time around, I'm specifically having a problem with getting org-mode to display my habits. I had to nuke my emacs and start from scratch recently, so debugging is hard. I am quite certain that I have habit mode enabled since: * *I have enabled in my.emacs (see below) ;; Enable habit tracking (setq org-modules (quote (org-habit))) ; position the habit graph on the agenda to the right of the default (setq org-habit-graph-column 50) (run-at-time "06:00" 86400 '(lambda () (setq org-habit-show-habits t))) *My capture template for habits, seems to set up to include everything needed: ("h" "Habit" entry (file "~/Dropbox/org-new/refile.org") "* NEXT %?\n%U\n%a\nSCHEDULED: %(format-time-string \"%<<%Y-%m-%d %a.+1d/3d>>\")\n:PROPERTIES:\n:STYLE: habit\n:REPEAT_TO_STATE: NEXT\n:END:\n") *I have an additional set of properties in my Top Level Header for habits that reads: * Habits :PROPERTIES: :LOGGING: DONE(!) :ARCHIVE: %s_archive::* Habits :END: *When I run the agenda, I see (Org-Agenda Day Ddl Grid Habit Wrap) in the Mode line Despite that, my habits do not show up, nor does a habit graph, when I run the agenda. I've trawled everything I can to try and solve this and I'm now at my wit's end. Any help would be greatly appreciated! A: You need to add a :STYLE: property with the value habit to your habits: ** TODO Shave SCHEDULED: <2009-10-17 Sat.+2d/4d> - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-15 Thu] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-12 Mon] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-10 Sat] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-04 Sun] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-02 Fri] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-29 Tue] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-25 Fri] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-19 Sat] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-16 Wed] - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-12 Sat] :PROPERTIES: :STYLE: habit :LAST_REPEAT: [2009-10-19 Mon 00:36] :END: See Tracking your habits. EDIT: While the STYLE:habit property is necessary, that isn't the problem in this case (as discussed in the comments). However, it might well be that the order of the elements in the headline is the problem. Running org-lint on the following example: * NEXT Exercise [2017-07-16 Sun 19:36] [[file:~/Dropbox/org-new/todo.org::*Write][Write]] SCHEDULED: <2017-07-16 Sun.+1d/2d> :PROPERTIES: :STYLE: habit :REPEAT_TO_STATE: NEXT :END: I get 3 low Link to non-existent local file "~/Dropbox/org-new/todo.org" 4 low Misplaced planning info line 5 high Incorrect location for PROPERTIES drawer If I reorg the file a bit to this: * NEXT Exercise SCHEDULED: <2017-07-16 Sun.+1d/2d> :PROPERTIES: :STYLE: habit :REPEAT_TO_STATE: NEXT :END: [2017-07-16 Sun 19:36] [[file:~/Dropbox/org-new/todo.org::*Write][Write]] then the high priority warning disappears. I don't know whether that will make habits work, but I'm willing to bet that it would. The manual states: When they are associated with a single entry or with a tree they need to be inserted into a special drawer (see Drawers) with the name PROPERTIES, which has to be located right below a headline, and its planning line (see Deadlines and scheduling) when applicable. <|endoftext|>The information and opinions expressed herein, and all related notes, recordings, and other products, are intended for informational purposes only. The authors claim no responsibility to any person or entity for any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly as a result of the use, application, or interpretation of the information presented herein. Shopping thru any links will give me a small affiliate commission but in no way changes your price.<|endoftext|>Particulars: A fixed and floating charge over all assets. Particulars: Fixed and floating charge over the undertaking and all property and assets present and future, including goodwill, book debts, uncalled capital, buildings, fixtures, fixed plant & machinery.. See image for full details. Particulars: Undertaking and all property and assets present and future including (goodwill) uncalled capital. Fixed & floating charge for details see DOC67.<|endoftext|>Fire Training without Instructor...Special Delivery! Meet Ember, our rental fire training simulator that travels the world living inside a single shipping box. Ember guides fire training instructors unfamiliar with setting up and operating a fire training simulator, and even offers help with presenting a comprehensive Pyrosoft fire-safety program. Arranging a visit is as easy as reserving an airline ticket - and a cheap one, since Ember flies cargo class. At 112.1 x 40.9 x 35.5 cm (44" x 16" x 14") and weighting just 25kg (57lbs), she is petite but very rugged. Also a multilingual seasoned traveler, she carries all the travel documents necessary to quickly clear customs in most countries. Just provide us with a destination, an arrival and departure date, and we'll give you a complete price that includes shipping right to your doorstep. Open the box, switch on the notebook, and Ember will guide you through setup and operation of the Pyrosoft fire training simulator. Based on our mid-sized Firefly product, Ember comes with many enhancements like a large screen, 165cm x 100cm (65" x 40") to assist the trainer and impress the students. She also provides suggestions on conducting training, and will even offer to monitor the difficulty settings - adjusting them during the fire safety training to ensure the fires are not too easy or too difficult to extinguish. Experiencing a technical issue? With an internet connection, Ember can call home to seek more advanced advice from our technical experts. You're just a click away from help. Need to use manuals, training aids, videos and PowerPoint training programs? Ember knows where they're located! With Ember onsite, all you need to start hands-on fire safety course is a room and an instructor. Book Ember's ticket today, and let her take you on

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Sinabelkirchen – gmina targowa w Austrii, w kraju związkowym Styria, w powiecie Weiz. Liczy 4134 mieszkańców (1 stycznia 2015). Przypisy Gminy w powiecie Weiz<|endoftext|> Események Január január 1. Brunei önálló állammá válik. Az AT&T távközlési vállalatbirodalmat a monopolellenes törvény alapján 24 önálló részre darabolják. január 3. – Tunéziában bevezetik a rendkívüli állapotot a kenyér árának emelése miatt kitört zavargások miatt. január 7. Brunei a hatodik tagjává válik a Délkelet-Ázsiai Nemzetek Szövetségének (ASEAN). Csao Ce-jang első kínai miniszterelnökként az USA-ba látogat. január 10. – Az Egyesült Államok és a Vatikán felveszik a diplomáciai kapcsolatot. január 17. – Stockholmban megkezdődik az Európai biztonság- és bizalomépítési, valamint leszerelési konferencia (CDE). január 20. – Zavargások Marokkóban az áremelések miatt. január 24. – Piaci forgalomba kerül az első Apple Macintosh számítógép. Előtte két nappal pedig bemutatják - kereskedelmileg először és utoljára - a kultikus Apple „1984” Macintosh reklámot a Super Bowl reklámblokkjában. Február február 3. – A Challenger amerikai űrrepülőgép 10. missziójára indul, 3 fővel a fedélzetén, melynek keretében… február 7. – Sor kerül az első köldökzsinór nélküli űrsétára (Bruce McCandless II és Robert L. Stewart). február 8. – Megkezdődik a XIV. Téli Olimpia Szarajevóban. február 13. – A pár nappal korábban elhunyt Jurij Vlagyimirovics Andropov helyére Konsztantyin Csernyenkót választják meg az SZKP új főtitkárává. február 18. – Olaszország hivatalos államvallása újra a római katolikus lesz. február 21. – Javier Pérez de Cuéllar ENSZ-főtitkár látogatást tesz Prágában, ahol fogadja őt Gustáv Husák köztársasági elnök. február 22. – Irán offenzívát indít Irak ellen. Az USA és Nagy-Britannia hadihajókat vezényel a térségbe. Nemzetközi felháborodást kelt, hogy az irániak fiatalkorúakat is besoroznak. február 26. – Kivonulnak az amerikai haditengerészek Bejrútból (Libanon). február 29. – Pierre Trudeau kanadai miniszterelnök bejelenti a visszavonulását. Március március 5. – Irán vegyi fegyverek alkalmazásával vádolja Irakot. március 6. – A brit szénbányászok 12 hónapos sztrájkjának kezdete. március 22. – Miután a belgrádi parlament elfogadja az IMF feltételeit, lehetővé válik a 20,5 milliárd dolláros jugoszláv adósság átütemezése. március 24. – Rómában 700 ezren tüntetnek a kormány gazdaságpolitikája ellen. március 30. – Meghal Gaëtan Dugas, akit az elsők között diagnosztizáltak AIDS-szel. (Ő volt a „nulladik beteg”.) Április április 3. – Egy héttel Sékou Touré elnök halála után katonai hatalomátvétel Guineában. Az új elnök Lansana Conté lesz. április 12. – Palesztin fegyveresek elrabolnak egy izraeli 300-as buszt. Az izraeli erők megrohamozzák a buszt, 2 emberrabló és 1 túsz veszti életét, további két fegyverest elfognak a hatóságok, akiket később az izraeli titkos rendőrség halálra kínoz. Az ügy nagy botrányt kavar a titkosszolgálatokkal kapcsolatban. április 16. – Másfélmilliós tüntetés São Paulóban a közvetlen elnökválasztásért. április 17. – Londonban a líbiai nagykövetségről rálőnek a Kadhafi-ellenes tüntetés résztvevőire. Nagy-Britannia megszakítja a diplomáciai kapcsolatokat Líbiával. április 19. – Ausztrália beiktatja új himnuszát, valamint a zöld és arany színeket választja a nemzet színeivé. április 28. – Budapesten átadják a Skála Metro áruházat a Marx téren (ma: Nyugati tér). Május május 8. – A Szovjetunió bejelenti, hogy bojkottálja a Los Angelesben tartandó XXIII. nyári olimpiát. május 10. – A csehszlovák hatóságok ismét letartóztatják Duray Miklóst, majd ezt követően több szlovákiai magyar értelmiségit előzetes letartóztatásba helyeznek. (Bebörtönzése ellen külföldön ismét számos helyen tiltakoznak, de szlovák ellenzéki értelmiségiek is szolidaritást vállalnak vele. Budapesten Duray-bizottság alakul, de a tiltakozó akciók hatástalanok maradnak. Az ítélet nélkül fogva tartott Durayt csak 1985. május 10-én engedik szabadon.) május 11. – Ausztráliában bevezetik az 1 dolláros érmét. május 15. – Veselin Đuranović váltja Mika Špiljakot a jugoszláv államelnöki székben. május 17. – A külföldi bankok 7 éves haladékot adnak Jugoszláviának az 1984-ben esedékes tartozások kifizetésére. május 23. – Richard von Weizsäckert választják az NSZK államfőjének. május 27. – Az első többpárti parlamenti választások Egyiptomban. Június június 5. A szaúdi légierő lelő egy iráni felségjelű Phantom F-4-es harci repülőt. Indira Gandhi indiai minis

redpajama

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zterelnök támadást rendel el az amritszári Aranytemplom (a legszentebb szikh hely) ellen (Kék Csillag hadművelet), mert nem hajlandóak kiadni a szikh ellenállás vezetőjét. Ezért a rendeletéért Gandhi még ebben az évben merénylet áldozata lesz. június 6. – Véget ér az NSZK-ban a 13 hétig tartó nyomdaipari sztrájk. június 7–9. – A londoni csúcsértekezleten, a hét legnagyobb fejlett ipari ország állam- és kormányfői nyilatkozatot adnak ki a kelet–nyugati kapcsolatokról és a fegyverkorlátozásról. június 8. – A wisconsini Barneveldt városa csaknem teljesen elpusztul egy tornádóban. június 12. – A Nyugat-európai Unió hét országának külügyminisztere Párizsban elhatározza a WEU újjáélesztését. június 24. – A 11 legeladósodottabb latin-amerikai ország konferenciája Cartagenában, melyen a nyugati országokat a kamatlábak csökkentésére szólítják fel. június 25. – Lord Carrington követi Joseph Luns-ot a NATO főtitkári beosztásban. június 30. – Kanada miniszterelnöke John Napier Turner lesz. Július július 12. – Súlyos jégeső pusztít Münchenben és környékén. július 14. – Az új-zélandi parlamenti választásokat a Munkáspárt nyeri, David Lange lesz a miniszterelnök. július 17. – Roland Fabius ipari miniszter lesz a francia miniszterelnök. A kommunisták kiválása a koalícióból háromévi kormányzás után. július 18. – A kaliforniai San Ysidro városában James Oliver Huberty a társadalomból kiábrándulva délután 4 óra körül belép egy McDonald's gyorsétterembe és tüzet nyit az ott tartózkodókra, 21 halott (köztük Huberty) és 19 sebesült marad a 77 perces ámokfutás után a helyszínen. július 22–augusztus 5. – A Lutheránus Világszövetség 7. nagygyűlése Budapesten. Ennek során a világszervezet elnökévé választják Káldy Zoltán magyar evangélikus püspököt. július 25. – A Szaljut–7 kozmonautája, Szvetlana Szavickaja rövid űrsétájával beírja magát a történelembe, az első nő, aki az űrhajón kívüli világűrbe kijutott. július 28. – Los Angelesben megnyitják a XXIII. nyári olimpiát. Augusztus augusztus 4. – Az afrikai Felső-Volta állam megváltoztatja nevét Burkina Fasóra. augusztus 11. – Ronald Reagan egy mikrofonpróbán bejelenti a Szovjetunió bombázását. augusztus 13. – Megállapodás Marokkó és Líbia uniójáról. augusztus 21. – Félmilliós tüntetés Manilában Ferdinand Marcos elnök ellen. augusztus 22. – Dél-Afrikában először választanak színes bőrű képviselőket. Szeptember szeptember 4. – A kanadai képviselőházi választásokat a Haladó Konzervatív Párt nyeri Brian Mulroney vezetésével. Mulroney 17-én alakít kormányt. szeptember 13. – Izraelben nagykoalíció alakul a Munkapárt és a Likud részvételével. szeptember 16. – A Miami Vice tv-sorozat először kerül adásba az NBC-n. szeptember 22. – Verdunben közös megemlékezésen vesz részt az NSZK kancellárja és a francia államelnök. szeptember 26. – Nagy-Britannia és Kína aláírja azt a szerződést, melynek értelmében Hongkong 1997-ben újra Kína részévé válik.} Október október 2. – Először kerül női képviselő a svájci szövetségi tanácsba. október 12. – Az IRA merényletet kísérel meg a brit kabinet ellen a Brighton Hotel felrobbantásával, de kudarcot vallanak, Margaret Thatcher karcolásokkal ússza meg az esetet. október 15. – El Salvadorban tárgyalások kezdődnek a kormány és az FLMN ellenállási szervezet között. október 19. – Ismeretlenek elrabolják Jerzy Popiełuszko ellenzéki papot Varsóban. (Holttestét november 3-án találják meg, temetése rendszerellenes tüntetéssé válik.) október 19. – Richter Richárd ámokfutása a Csillag börtönben. október 26. – A jugoszláv nemzetgyűlés kéri az 1985–88-ban esedékes hiteltörlesztés átütemezését a Nemzetközi Valutaalaptól. október 26–27. – A Nyugat-európai Unió tagországainak külügy- és védelmi miniszterei kiadják a „Római Nyilatkozatot”, amelyben bejelentik a WEU-n belüli együttműködés fokozására vonatkozó döntésüket. október 31. – A legszentebb szikh templom lerombolása miatt érzett dühükben szikh testőrei meggyilkolják Indira Gandhi indiai miniszterelnököt. (Az utána következő zavargásokban több ezer szikh polgár veszti életét.) November november 4. – A nicaraguai választásokat a Sandinista Front nyeri a szavazatok 67%-ával. november 2. Felavatják a Szolnoki Papírgyárat. Szvetlana Allilujeva Petersz, Sztálin leánya, 17 évi nyugati tartózkodás után hazatér a Szovjetunióba. november 5. – Átadják a forgalomnak a kiszélesített Árpád hidat és a metró Élmunkás tér- és Árpád híd közötti szakaszát. november 6. Az amerikai elnökválasztást a Republikánus Párt jelöltje, Ronald Reagan nyeri (49 államban szerez többséget) Walter Mond

redpajama

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ale ellenében. Az egyidejűleg tartott szenátusi és képviselőházi választásokon a demokraták szerepelnek jobban (mindkét házban demokrata többség). Elkészül a 200 000-ik Ikarus autóbusz. november 19. – A PEMEX olajvállalat finomítója felrobban Mexikóvárosban, az ezt követő tüzekben közel 500-an vesztik életüket. november 19–23. – A Román Kommunista Párt XIII. kongresszusa. november 25. Nagy-Britannia és Írország 36 legismertebb zenésze megalakítja a Band Aid formációt az etiópiai éhezők megsegítésére. Elnökválasztás Uruguayban 11 évi katonai kormányzás után. A Colorado-párti Julio Sanguinetti lesz az államfő. A határviták rendezése Argentína és Chile között. november 27. – Jugoszláviában életbe lép a külföldi befektetésekről szóló törvény, mely kimondja, hogy a külföldi részesedés maximum 49% lehet. november 30. Srí Lankán a Tamil Tigrisek megkezdik a szingaléz lakosság elüldözését az általuk uralt területekről. 250 évvel a halála után William Penn, Pennsylvania állam alapítója az Egyesült Államok tiszteletbeli állampolgára lesz. December december 1. – Az ausztrál parlamenti választásokat a kormányzó Munkáspárt nyeri. december 2. – Éjjel – Bhopáli katasztrófa – a Union Carbide vegyiüzeme felrobban Bhopálban, a felszabaduló több mint 40 tonna metil-izocianát közel 8000 ember halálát és 120 000 ember maradandó károsodását okozza. Beivódott a talajba, az ivóvízbe, a növényekbe, állatokba és mind a mai napig mérgezi a helyieket. december 6. – Oláh István vezérezredest, a Magyar Néphadsereg vezérkari főnökét választja honvédelmi miniszterré a Népköztársaság Elnöki Tanácsa. december 19. – Kína és Nagy-Britannia aláírja a megállapodást Hongkong jövőjéről; az átadást (1997) követően „két rendszer, egy nemzet”. december 22. – Lemond Dom Mintoff máltai miniszterelnök. Utódja Carmelo Mifsud Bonnici. december 24. – Az indiai választásokat a Kongresszus Párt nyeri, Radzsiv Gandhi lesz a miniszterelnök. Határozatlan dátumú események az év folyamán Etiópiában súlyos éhínség pusztít, melyben mintegy egymillióan vesztik életüket. Az USA nagyvárosaiban gyorsan elterjed egy új kábítószertípus, a crack. Határegyezmény Kenya és Szomália között. Befejeződik az Északi-tengeren a Statfjord-olajmező feltárása. A 271 m magas Statfjord C fúrósziget átadásával Norvégia fontos olajexportáló országgá válik. Marokkó kilép az Afrikai Unióból, mivel a szervezet fölvette a királyság ellenőrzése alatt álló, de függetlenséget követelő Nyugat-Szaharát. Az év témái Államok vezetőinek listája 1984-ben 1984 a filmművészetben Tengiz Abuladze: Vezeklés Bacsó Péter: Te rongyos élet Fábri Zoltán: Gyertek el a névnapomra Gémes József: Daliás idők Alekszej Jurjevics German: Barátom Ivan Lapsin Jeles András: Angyali üdvözlet Jim Jarmusch: Florida, a Paradicsom Otar Joszeliani: A Hold kegyeltjei Koltay Gábor: István, a király Andrej Szergejevics Koncsalovszkij: Mária szerelmei Mészáros Márta: Napló gyermekeimnek Sára Sándor: Pergőtűz Wim Wenders: Párizs, Texas Xantus János: Eszkimó asszony fázik James Cameron: Terminátor – A halálosztó Henri Verneuil: Az arany bűvöletében Ebben az évben készült el a Garfield a természet lágy ölén (Garfield a vadonban). 1984 az irodalomban Megjelennek Douglas Adams Galaxis útikalauz stopposoknak és Viszlát, és kösz a halakat! c. könyvei. Megjelenik William Gibson Neurománc c. regénye Megjelenik José Saramago Ricardo Reis halálának éve c. könyve. Halála után kiadják J. R. R. Tolkien Az elveszett mesék könyve II. kötetét. 1984 címmel írt regényt George Orwell (1948-ban). Kiadják David Gemmell Legenda c. könyvét. Václav Havel megírja Largo desolato című színművét. 1984 a zenében A Szellemirtók c. film betétdala a nyár slágere. Nem hivatalosan feloszlik a Fonográf együttes. Újjáalakul a Deep Purple, megjelenik a Perfect Strangers című lemezük. Megnyeri Eros Ramazzotti a sanremói dalfesztivált a fiatalok versenyében, a Terra promessa című dalával. Albumok Alphaville: Forever Young Bikini: XX. századi híradó Bon Jovi: Bon Jovi Bruce Springsteen: Born in the U.S.A. Bryan Adams: Reckless Cseh Tamás–Bereményi Géza: Jóslat David Bowie: Tonight Deák Bill Gyula: Rossz vér Deep Purple: Perfect Strangers Depeche Mode: Some Great Reward Első Emelet: Első Emelet 1 Eurythmics: 1984 (For the Love of Big Brother) Fonográf: Jelenkor Frankie Goes to Hollywood: Welcome to the Pleasure Dome Foreigner: Agent Provocateur Hobo Blues Band: Vadászat Iron Maiden: Powerslave Janet Jackson: Dream Street The Carpenters: An Old-Fashioned Christmas Judas Priest: Defenders of the Faith Kajagoogoo: Islands Katona Klári – Katona Kári IV Kim Wilde: Teases & Dares Kiss: Animalize Koncz Zsuzsa - Konczert Kool & the Gang: Emergency Laura Branigan: Self Control Limahl: Don't Suppose Locom

redpajama

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otiv GT - Ellenfél nélkül Madonna: Like a Virgin Manfred Mann’s Earth Band: Budapest Live Metallica: Ride the Lightning Mike Oldfield: Discovery Nena: 99 Luftballons Prince: Purple Rain Queen: The Works Rebbie Jackson: Centipede Red Hot Chili Peppers: The Red Hot Chili Peppers Rockwell: Somebody's Watching Me Roger Waters: The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking Run–D.M.C.: Run–D.M.C. Sade: Diamond Life Scorpions: Love at First Sting Solaris: Marsbéli krónikák Stevie Ray Vaughan: Couldn't Stand the Weather Stevie Wonder: The Woman in Red (soundtrack) Tina Turner: Private Dancer Twisted Sister: Stay Hungry U2: The Unforgettable Fire Ultravox: Lament V’Moto-Rock: Garázskijárat Van Halen: 1984 Wham! (George Michael): Make It Big Zee: Identity 1984 a tudományban január 22. – Bemutatják az Apple Macintosh-ának úgynevezett 1984 reklámját, mellyel megkezdődött a Macintosh számítógép értékesítése, s az egyik legnagyobb hatású kampányfilmnek bizonyult Elkészül a Discovery űrrepülőgép Elindul a GNU projekt, (szabad felhasználású Unix program) 1984 a légi közlekedésben 1984 a vasúti közlekedésben 1984 a sportban február 8. – Megkezdődnek a XIV. téli olimpiai játékok Szarajevóban. június 27. – Franciaország legyőzi Spanyolországot 2–0-ra az Európa-bajnokság döntőjében. július 28. – Megkezdődnek a XXIII. nyári olimpiai játékok Los Angelesben. A szocialista országok Románia kivételével távol maradnak az eseménytől. Ez a második alkalom, hogy magyar csapat nem vesz részt olimpián. Niki Lauda megszerzi pályafutása harmadik Formula–1-es világbajnoki címét a McLaren csapat színeiben, mindössze fél ponttal csapattársa, Alain Prost előtt. A Bp. Honvéd SE nyeri az NB1-et. Ez a klub 7. bajnoki címe. 1984 a televízióban 1984 a jogalkotásban 1984 új világörökségi helyszínei Születések Január január 11. – Arlene Iradie Semeco Arismendi, venezuelai úszónő január 13. – Pollák Zoltán, magyar labdarúgó január 18. – Haszebe Makoto, japán labdarúgó január 19. – Rebecsák Szilárd, magyar labdarúgó január 21. – Luke Grimes, amerikai színész január 23. – Arjen Robben, holland labdarúgó január 24. – Justin Baldoni, amerikai színész január 26. – Kelly Stables színésznő, A kör című trilógiában Samara Morgan, a kútba dobott halott kislány megformálója január 26. – Luo Xuejuan kínai úszó, a 2004-es nyári olimpia 100 méteres női mellúszás aranyérmese január 28. – Sík Márton, magyar kenus január 29. – Vas János, magyar jégkorongozó január 29. – Nuno Morais, portugál labdarúgó január 30. – Jevon Tarantino, amerikai műugró január 31. – Jeremy Wariner, amerikai atléta Február február 3. – Artyom Szilcsenko, világbajnoki bronzérmes orosz szupertoronyugró február 6. – Jonas Andersson, svéd úszó február 6. – Darren Bent, angol labdarúgó február 12. – Peter Vanderkaay, amerikai úszó február 13. – Hinkelien Schreuder, holland úszónő február 14. – Matt Barr, amerikai színész február 15. – Isaiah Msibi, szváziföldi sprinter február 21. – Andreas Seppi, olasz teniszező február 22. – Dimitrij Szavickij, belorusz tornász február 24. – Grace Daniel, nigériai tollaslabda játékos február 25. – Xing Huina a 2004-es athéni olimpia 10 km-es női maratoni futás bajnoka február 25. – Uroš Vilovski szerb kézilabdázó, az MKB Veszprém KC játékosa február 26. – Beren Saat török színésznő február 26. – Emmanuel Adebayor, togói labdarúgó február 28. – Kandech Evelyne, énekesnő Március március 4. Hosnyánszky Norbert olimpiai és világbajnok vízilabdázó Gulyás Péter, magyar kézilabdázó március 8. – Garics György, magyar születésű osztrák labdarúgó március 9. – Rekop György, magyar humorista március 11. – Justin Spring, amerikai tornász március 13. – Noel Fisher, kanadai színész március 18. – Kovács Csaba, magyar jégkorongozó március 20. – Fernando Torres, spanyol labdarúgó március 28. Nyikolaj Szkvorcov, orosz úszó Daumants Dreiškens olimpiai ezüstérmes lett bobos március 29. – Király Viktor, magyar énekes március 31. – Martins Dukurs lett szkeletonos Április április 2. – Barta Nóra, magyar műugró április 3. – Jevon Atkinson, jamaicai úszó április 4. – Arkagyij Vjatcsanin, orosz úszó április 5. – Marshall Allman, amerikai színész április 5. – Horváth Illés színész, szinkronszínész április 8. – Olteán Csongor, magyar gerelyvető április 8. – Eleider Alvarez, kolumbiai ökölvívó április 10. – Billy Kay amerikai színész április 17. – Francis Crippen, amerikai hosszútávúszó († 2010) április 20. – Michel Batista, kubai birkózó április 22. – Makszim Devjatovszkij, orosz tornász április 24. – Sam Simpson, ausztrál tornász Május május 4. – Alex Campbell, kanadai színész május 5. – Tom Parsons, angol magasugró május 5. – Mike Brown, kanadai úszó május 11. – Andrés Iniesta a spanyol felnőtt labdarúgó válogatott

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támadó középpályása május 13. – Kyra Banks, magyar pornószínésznő május 14. – Michael Rensing, német labdarúgó május 23. – Mikko Minkkinen, finn műkorcsolyázó május 25. – Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir, Miss World 2005 május 31. – Jason Smith ausztrál színész, az Otthonunk »« Home and Away tv-sorozat Robbie Hunterje május 31. – Milorad Čavić, szerb úszó Június június 1. – Taylor Handley, amerikai színész június 1. – Sharntelle McLean, trinidadi úszónő június 2. – Andrei Cross, barbadosi úszó június 6. - ByeAlex, magyar zenész június 9. – Wesley Sneijder, holland labdarúgó június 11. – Vágner Love, brazil labdarúgó június 11. – Gary Hunt, brit műugró, világbajnok szupertoronyugró június 12. – Isaac Botella, spanyol tornász június 16. – Császár Gábor magyar kézilabdázó június 16. – Farkas István magyar labdarúgó június 19. – Benjamin Collier, új-zélandi gyeplabdázó június 20. – Szöllősi Mátyás, magyar költő, szerkesztő június 19. – Benjamin Collier, új-zélandi gyeplabdázó Július július 2. – Johnny Weir, amerikai műkorcsolyázó július 2. – Maarten Martens, belga labdarúgó július 3. – Corey Sevier, kanadai színész július 4. – Andrij Szemenov, ukrán súlylökő július 7. – Alberto Aquilani, olasz labdarúgó július 9. – Olusoji Fasuba, nigériai sprinter július 10. – Mark González, chilei labdarúgó július 12. – Gareth Gates, angol énekes július 16. – Sašo Bertoncelj, szlovén tornász július 18. – Lee Barnard, angol labdarúgó július 18. – Vanessa Garcia Vega, Puerto Ricó-i úszónő július 24. – Nagy Viktor világbajnok magyar válogatott vízilabdázó Augusztus augusztus 1. – Bastian Schweinsteiger, német labdarúgó augusztus 3. – Jon Foster amerikai színész augusztus 3. – Carah Faye Charnow amerikai énekes augusztus 3. – Ryan Lochte, amerikai úszó augusztus 3. – Kyle Schmid kanadai színész augusztus 4. – Szergej Adbena, ukrán úszó augusztus 8. – Michelisz Norbert magyar autóversenyző augusztus 9. – Kim Jihoon, dél-koreai tornász augusztus 9. – Pierre Perrier, francia színész augusztus 10. – Hayden Stoeckel, ausztrál úszó augusztus 11. – Lucas di Grassi brazil autóversenyző augusztus 19. – Alessandro Matri, olasz labdarúgó augusztus 21. – Alizée Jacotey, francia énekes augusztus 24. – Kyle Schmid, amerikai színész augusztus 28. – Ben Gilbank, kanadai színész augusztus 28. – Darian Townsend, dél-afrikai úszó Szeptember szeptember 3. – Garrett Hedlund amerikai színész szeptember 6. – Thomas Dekker holland kerékpáros szeptember 7. – Vera Igorevna Zvonarjova háromszoros Grand Slam győztes orosz teniszezőnő szeptember 8. – Vitalij Petrov orosz autóversenyző szeptember 9. – Andrey Silnov, orosz magasugró szeptember 11. – Chris Colwill, amerikai műugró szeptember 12. – John Hamer, angol műkorcsolyázó szeptember 13. – Pákolicz Dávid, magyar labdarúgó szeptember 14. – Adam Lamberg, amerikai színész szeptember 17. – Kim Daeeun, dél-koreai tornász szeptember 19. – Kevin Zegers, kanadai színész szeptember 20. – Brian Joubert, francia műkorcsolyázó szeptember 21. – Ben Wildman-Tobriner, amerikai úszó szeptember 25. ‑ Teodora Postic, szlovén műkorcsolyázónő szeptember 27. – Avril Lavigne kanadai énekesnő szeptember 27. – Johan Libéreau, francia színész szeptember 29. – Per Mertesacker, német labdarúgó szeptember 29. – Hevesi-Tóth Tamás, magyar labdarúgó szeptember 29. – Fegyverneky Zsófia, magyar kosárlabdázó Október október 3. – Chris Marquette, amerikai színész október 5. – Alekszandr Vorobjev, ukrán tornász október 5. – Terrence Haynes, barbadosi úszó október 7. – Mohai Balázs, fotóriporter október 9. – Daniel Garcia Gonzalez, andorrai judós október 12. – Victoria Poon, kanadai úszónő október 15. – Chris Olivero amerikai színész október 16. – Trevor Blumas, kanadai színész október 21. – Joseph Bolz, német színész október 21. – Anna Bogdanova, orosz atléta október 24. – Ragnheidur Ragnarsdottir, izlandi úszónő október 25. – Katy Perry, amerikai énekesnő október 26. – Sasha Cohen amerikai műjégtáncos október 27. – Kelly Osbourne, angol énekesnő, Ozzy Osbourne lánya November november 4. – Ayila Yussuf nigériai labdarúgó november 8. – Steven Webb, angol színész november 9. – Tiandra Ponteen, saint kitts és nevis-i atléta november 18. – Dominik Meichtry, svájci úszó november 22. – Scarlett Johansson, amerikai színésznő november 23. – Lucas Grabeel, amerikai színész november 30. – Alan Hutton, skót labdarúgó December december 2. – Kiss Ramóna, magyar színésznő december 3. – Kis Attila magyar jégkorongozó december 7. – Robert Kubica lengyel autóversenyző december 7. – Marko Vujin, szerb kézilabda-játékos december 8. – Emma Green, svéd magasugró december

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11. – Leighton Baines, angol labdarúgó december 12. – Daniel Agger, dán labdarúgó december 13. – Hanna-Maria Seppälä, finn úszónő december 16. – Puskás Péter, énekes és színész december 19. – Csen Ji-ping, kínai tornász december 21. – Jackson Rathbone, amerikai színész december 22. – Jonas Altberg svéd énekes, zenei producer és DJ december 25. – Yenima Arencibia, kubai atléta december 25. – Kállai Zoltán, magyar tornász december 26. – Alex Schwazer, olimpiai bajnok olasz gyaloglóatléta december 27. – Kusztor Péter, magyar kerékpározó december 27. – Gilles Simon, francia teniszező december 28. – Rosir Calderon, kubai röplabdázó december 29. – Gionata Mingozzi, olasz labdarúgó († 2008) december 30. – LeBron James, a Los Angeles Lakers kosárlabdacsapat (NBA) all-star támadója december 30. – Rév Marcell magyar operatőr december 31. – Rene Jacob Yougbare, burkina faso-i úszó Halálozások január 14. – Beamter Jenő (Bubi), dzsessz-zenész (vibrafon, dob), zeneszerző, zenetanár (* 1912) január 20. – Johnny Weissmuller, többszörös olimpiai bajnok úszó, Tarzan megformálója (* 1904) január 27. – Országh László, nyelvész, szótárszerkesztő (* 1907) február 9. – Jurij Vlagyimirovics Andropov, szovjet pártfőtitkár (* 1914) február 21. – Mihail Alekszandrovics Solohov, Nobel-díjas orosz író (* 1905) március 23. – Csuka Zoltán, vajdasági magyar költő, műfordító (* 1901) április 8. – Pjotr Leonyidovics Kapica, Nobel-díjas szovjet fizikus (* 1894) április 20. – Gálcsiki János, magyar színész, szinkronszínész (* 1926) április 22. – Kerpel-Fronius Ödön orvos, gyermekgyógyász, fiziológus, az MTA tagja (* 1906) április 24. – Zám Tibor író, tanár, szociográfus (* 1929) május 1. – Barabás Tibor, író (* 1911) május 5. – Bozsi Mihály, olimpiai bajnok vízilabdázó, úszó, edző (* 1911) május 30. – Deme Gábor, dramaturg, színész (* 1934) június 1. – Arhip Mihajlovics Ljulka, szovjet gépészmérnök, akadémikus (* 1908) június 12. – Ferencsik János, karmester (* 1907) június 21. – Ferencz Károly, olimpiai bronzérmes birkózó (* 1911) június 25. – Michel Foucault, francia történész, filozófus (* 1926) június 27. – Hédervári Péter, geológus, amatőrcsillagász, író, újságíró (* 1931) július 8. – Brassaï (Halász Gyula), fényképész, Párizs fotósa (* 1899) július 14. – Ernest Tidyman, amerikai író július 17. – Vén Emil, Munkácsy Mihály-díjas festőművész (* 1902) augusztus 5. – Richard Burton, brit színész (* 1925) augusztus 19. – Szabó Zoltán író, falukutató, A tardi helyzet és a Cifra nyomorúság szerzője (* 1912) augusztus 25. – Viktor Csukarin, szovjet tornász (* 1921) szeptember 1. – Szőts Endre, geológus, paleontológus (* 1914) szeptember 9. – Máté Péter, magyar énekes, dalszerző (* 1947) szeptember 20. – Babos Zoltán magyar vegyészmérnök, élelmezésügyi miniszterhelyettes (* 1920) szeptember 25. – Dabrónaki Gyula magyar politikus, élelmezésügyi miniszterhelyettes (* 1916) október 14. – Martin Ryle, Fizikai Nobel-díjas angol kutató (* 1918) október 15. – Ungvári Lajos, Kossuth-díjas szobrászművész (* 1902) október 18. – Jon-Erik Hexum, amerikai színész, modell (* 1957) október 20. – Paul Dirac, Nobel-díjas brit fizikus (* 1902) október 21. – François Truffaut, francia filmrendező (* 1932) október 21. – Őze Lajos, Kossuth-díjas magyar színművész (* 1935) október 30. – Kígyós Sándor, magyar szobrász (* 1943) október 31. – Indira Gandhi, indiai politikus, miniszterelnök (* 1917) november 4. – Csik Ferenc, magyar fotóművész (* 1894) november 9. – Hegedűs Tibor, magyar színész, érdemes művész (* 1898) november 14. – Győrffy György, magyar színész, szinkronszínész (* 1920) november 18. – Kucs Béla, Munkácsy Mihály-díjas magyar szobrászművész (* 1925) november 22. – Bánhidi László, magyar színész („Matula bácsi”) (* 1906) november 23. – Apátfalvi Czene János, festőművész (* 1904) december 13. – Amerigo Tot, (Tóth Imre), magyar származású olasz szobrász (* 1909) december 14. – Vicente Aleixandre, spanyol Nobel-díjas író (* 1898) december 24. – Bacskay Zoltán magyar matematikus, egyetemi tanár (* 1905) december 27. – Kosáryné Réz Lola magyar író, műfordító (* 1892) december 28. – Sam Peckinpah, amerikai filmrendező Kapcsolódó szócikkek 1984 - George Orwell műve 1984 - Michael Radford filmje Jegyzetek Források 20. század<|endoftext|>McCarty Scales can be found at 220 Mccarty St. The following is offered: Lab Measurement & Control Devices. In Houston there are 28 other Lab Measurement & Control Devices. An overview can be found here

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.<|endoftext|>The Asher Group provides critical Human Resources solutions that integrate tightly with Kronos Human Resources Management Solutions, work on a standalone basis as well as work with other human resource systems.. We serve more than 150 companies across three continents in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, hospitality, food processing, business services and state and local government. Clients use Asher Group services to log off-site employee hours, fill shifts when workers are absent, and notify employees of important events. Thanks to our ability to work with every type of communication technology, we can reach team members wherever they are – by telephone, text message, email, push notification, smartphone apps, and even smart speakers, such as Amazon Alexa. And with the help of Google Translate and other language support technolgies, we can communicate with staff in over 100 different languages. Intergrated with Kronos Workforce solutions, Asher allows off-site employees to clock in from anywhere, using any touchtone telephone or text-enabled device. Soon to be intergrated with Kronos Workforce solutions, Asher allows managers to fill shift absences quickly by contacting non-scheduled employees to report for duty. Soon to be intergrated with Kronos Workforce solutions, Asher allows employees to report absences and lateness from anywhere, using any touchtone telephone or text-enabled device.<|endoftext|>Q: Datatable Reload page after click Page Number 2 or Next Page In my project I want datatable to display record on website in PHP. My question is that if we click on Page Number 2 or next Page than page must reload and than come back to the page 2 or next page. Is there anyone who can help me with this. A: As Mohit said, if you want serverside processing with a PHP script, you'll need to define the Ajax properties. There's some good examples on the DataTables website for this - look here and here. <|endoftext|>Q: SQL query to select values from a table where the condition is from related tables I'm struggling to write a SELECT query in my PHP application. The situation is following: I have table ADDRESS with one-to-many relation to table CONTEST. The relation is via junction table ContestHasAddress. CONTEST table has many-to-many relation to DATE table via junction table ContestHasDate. I was trying to SELECT all columns from ADDRESS table WHERE the column1 from DATE related to its CONTEST (who is related to the ADDRESS) is bigger then a specific VALUE. I have attached the linke below showing the relation view from phpmyadmin. I tried that but it was a failure SELECT address.* FROM address, contest, date WHERE address.contest.dates[0].start_time > TIMESTAMPVALUE A: You need to use JOINs to establish all of the table relations to get to the Date table. Then, you can compare the values: Select A.* From Address A Join Contest_Has_Address CA On A.Id = CA.Address_Id Join Contest C On C.Id = CA.Contest_Id Join Contest_Has_Date CD On C.Id = CD.Contest_Id Join Date D On D.Id = CD.Date_Id Where D.Start_Time > TIMESTAMPVALUE A: You need to join the tables using the "junction table". I have assumed that Startime is DateTime field and not Int. Select address.* from Address inner join ContestHasAddress on Address.ID = Contest_Has_Address.address_ID INNER JOIN Contest_Has_Date on Contest_Has_Address.ContestID = Contest_Has_Date.contestID inner join date on Contest_Has_Date.DateId = Date.ID where StartTime > TIMESTAMPVALUE <|endoftext|>// Copyright 2022 Google LLC // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. package com.google.api.ads.admanager.jaxws.v202205; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlEnum; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType; /** * <p>Java class for AdIdType. * * <p>The following schema fragment specifies the expected content contained within this class. * <p> * <pre> * <simpleType name="AdIdType"> * <restriction base="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}string"> * <enumeration value="UNKNOWN"/> * <enumeration value="AD_ID"/> * <enumeration value="CLEARCAST"/> * <enumeration value="NONE"/> * </restriction> * </simpleType> * </pre> * */ @XmlType(name = "AdIdType") @XmlEnum public enum AdIdType { /** * * The value returned if the actual value is not exposed by the requested API version. * * */ UNKNOWN, /** * * The ad ID is registered with ad-id.org. * * */ AD_ID, /** * * The ad ID is registered with clearcast.co.uk. * * */ CLEARCAST, /** * * The creative does not have an ad ID outside of Ad Manager. * * */ NONE; public String value() { return name(); } public static AdIdType fromValue(String v) { return valueOf(v); } } <|endoftext|>Roger Federer won’t pull a Tom Brady as he opens up about retirement fears Roger Federer insists he is “definitely done” as a professional tennis player as he won’t make a U-turn and continue playing after this week’s Laver Cup. The tennis icon announced last week that the final curtain will fall on his tennis career this week following a 24-year adventure on the ATP Tour. His decision came on the back of three difficult years that saw him play very little tennis due to a knee injury. “As many of you know, the past three years have presented me with challenges in the form of injuries and surgeries. I’ve worked hard to return to full and competitive form,” the 20-time Grand Slam winner said. “But I also know my body’s capacities and limits and its message to me lately has been clear. I am 41 years old. I’ve played more than 1,500 matches over 24 years.” In an exclusive interview with NBC’s TODAY host Savannah Guthrie, Federer was asked if he would consider returning to tennis and follow in the footsteps of NFL great Tom Brady, who retired and then made a comeback. “You know un-retiring is a thing now,” Guthrie said. “Tom Brady, now Serena [Williams] seems to be wavering a little. You’re done?” The 41-year-old replied: “I am definitely done. I know that, yeah.” Roger Federer vows not to be ‘a ghost or stranger’ after retirement It was always going to be an emotional roller-coaster after such a long period on the tennis circuit. Asked if he went through “stages of grief”, the former world No 1 replied: “Yes, all of it and also the ones where I don’t want to deal with it, like I just don’t want to think about it, don’t talk to me about it. “I went through a lot of sadness and emotional moments, just where you start thinking about everything you are going to miss and then you start thinking ‘oh my god my life is going to miserable’ and then you realise we are going to have all this time so we are going to do all these amazing things. I think it is going to be great.” Federer will play in the Laver Cup this weekend as he will team up with fellow greats Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray as well as Caspe Ruud and Stefanos Tsitsipas for Team Europe. The former world No 1 is expected to only compete in the doubles. READ MORE: Roger Federer’s decision to retire ‘a smart decision’ – ‘It’s a miracle what he’s done in the past five years’<|endoftext|>Upcycling Android ++ Major step for Device Neutrality ++ Nico Rikken + Ada + Job

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Q: Set-theoretic Properties of a Universe I would like to show that if {$A_{i}$: i$\in$I} $\subseteq$ $A$ $\in$ $\mathbb{U}$, then $\bigcup_{i \in I}$$A_{i}$ $\in$ $\mathbb{U}$, where $\mathbb{U}$ is a universe and the capital $A's$ are all sets (p. 162-163, Lectures on the Hyperreals, William Goldberg). A universe is a strongly transitive set $\mathbb{U}$ such that: 1) if $a,b\in\mathbb{U}$, then ${a,b}\in\mathbb{U}$ 2) if there are sets $A,B\in\mathbb{U}$, then $A\cup{B}\in\mathbb{U}$. 3) if there is a set $A\in\mathbb{U}$, then $\mathcal{P}(A)\in\mathbb{U}$ Strong Transitivity: for any set $A\in\mathbb{U}$, there exists a transitive set $B\in\mathbb{U}$ with $A\subseteq{B}\subseteq{\mathbb{U}}$. Transitivity of $B$ means that $c\in{C}\in{B}\implies{c\in{B}}$ <|endoftext|>Our video advertising solutions puts your brand in front of the right audience. Wherever, whenever, and however they're consuming content. Rooted is a boutique branding and digital agency located in the Village of West Greenville, SC. We are a team of design-driven, growth-inspired, people-centered people, who work with evolving companies and ambitious startups to build magnetic brands.<|endoftext|>These beasties are quite absurd and profound in many ways. Delight yourself by spending a day and evening creating these creatures bound on their magical tour. We’ll start with sculpting the beasties with paper clay techniques that will include stamp designs, molds, and textures. The boat and oars will be painted with milk paint techniques that will give a wonderful patina to the wood surfaces. Soft wax will give the boat a sealant for the paints. The beasties will be painted with patina color stains and layers of fluid acrylics, topped off with a bit of bling using iridescent hues. Of course the best part will be designing your story about these delightful creatures. Design, construct, paint, and partake on this enchanted journey! I will provide ceramic tools, metal cutters, clay molds, stamps, extra paint, hammers, and other tools to use while we work.<|endoftext|>was a Japanese samurai of Satsuma Domain during Edo period, later became a bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom. Tōma Jūchin was born to a Japanese clan, Ijichi-shi () of Ōsumi Province, and was given the name. He was a descendant Hatakeyama Shigetada. In his early years, he was appointed as and sent to Ryukyu. Later, he became a bureaucrat of Ryukyu in 1634, started to wear Ryukyuan clothes, and started to use "Tōma Jūchin" and . After Satsuma's invasion of Ryukyu in 1609, Ryukyu were getting poorer and poorer. Ryukyu had to borrowed money from Satsuma, but the debt was getting heavier and heavier and Ryukyu was unable to pay off it. Tōma Jūchin established government monopoly system of muscovado and turmeric in 1645, which alleviated the intense economic difficulties faced by the kingdom successfully. He also minted in 1656. References 1591 births 1676 deaths People from Satsuma Domain People of Edo-period Japan People of the Ryukyu Kingdom Ryukyuan people 16th-century Ryukyuan people 17th-century Ryukyuan people<|endoftext|>Stealthy Mom: Too hot to cook? What's for Dinner? Too hot to cook? What's for Dinner? This is the hardest time of year to keep it real. We are expected to have a high of 101F today, again. The stove is off limits. No baking, no sautéing, no pots of boiling water. Uh-uh. I have a few pre-baked entrees and bread in the freezer. In the past week I confess to bringing home a pizza one day and deli meat on another. G-man and the Cadet picked at it. Aside from the occasional trip to the Chinese restaurant up the street, they only want homemade food. In a way it makes me proud. In a way I am flattered. I am also hot and cranky. Anyone else with me? Let me help with recipe ideas that work with hot weather. Some are cooked on the grill, others in the crock pot, and a few are not cooked at all. What a great collection of summertime offerings. I just love your snow photo, it gives us hope in all the heat. Hope you are having a great week and thank you so much for sharing with Full Plate Thursday. What a great collection and I will enjoy going through them all... but have to go to work in a few minutes... Glad our temps are only in the 80's and I think that is too hot. Thanks for sharing this on Foodie Friends Friday.. Come back and vote for your favorite on Sunday and please join us again every FRiday. Thanks for sharing all these gluten-free recipes! Stop back Sunday to Foodie Friends Friday and vote for your top 3 favorites! Great ideas! Thanks for sharing on Foodie Friends Friday! Please come back tomorrow to VOTE! Not sure if my comment went through! But I love all the ideas! Thanks for sharing on Foodie Friends Friday! Please come back tomorrow to VOTE! Yup, went through... Thank you! Great ideas for hot nights... I wish I could roll in your snowman right now... it's hot. Great ideas...unfortunately not for hot nights...but for kitchen reno's and no stove. Wishing it was a bit warmer and less rain LOL. Grilling and unfortunately, eating out way too much has not been good for any of his. Thank you for the wonderful comment you left...it was a great encouragement to me more than you know. I'm blogging at a new http and title.<|endoftext|>Q: Python nested dictionaries into reStructuredText bullet list I have this dictionary: d = {'B': {'ticket': ['two', 'three'], 'note': ['nothing to report']}, 'A': {'ticket': ['one'], 'note': ['my note']}, 'C': {'ticket': ['four'], 'note': ['none']}} and I'm trying to convert it into a.rst document as a bullets list, like: * A * ticket: * one * note * my note * B * ticket: * two * three * note: * nothing to report * C * ticket: * four * note: * none I read this approach but I cannot translate it into a bullet list Thanks to all A: For something like your specific example, what about this: >>> for key, value in d.items(): ... print('* {}'.format(key)) ... for k, v in value.items(): ... print(' * {}:'.format(k)) ... for i in v: ... print(' * {}'.format(i)) ... * B * note: * nothing to report * ticket: * two * three * A * note: * my note * ticket: * one * C * note: * none * ticket: * four A: A more of less generic solution to your problem would be a recursive function: def bullet_list(elements, level=0, indent_size=4): try: items = elements.items() except AttributeError: for bullet_point in elements: yield '{}* {}'.format(''* (indent_size * level), bullet_point) else: for bullet_point, sub_points in items: yield '{}* {}'.format(''* (indent_size * level), bullet_point) yield from bullet_list(sub_points, level=level + 1, indent_size=indent_size) for line in bullet_list(d): print(line) outputs: * A * note * my note * ticket * one * C * note * none * ticket * four * B * note * nothing to report * ticket * two * three Note however that the ordered is not guaranteed in dictionaries until very recent versions of python. A: Ugly and dirty def bullet(d, depth=1): for k,v in d.items(): print(''.join([depth *'', '* ', k])) if isinstance(v, dict): bullet(v, depth+1) else: for e in v:

redpajama

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