Datasets:

passion1016

/

train_domain1

like 0

{"Environment": ["Under compression"], "Descriptor": ["cracking-free", "with-cracking"], "Material": ["HX"], "Phenomenon": ["failure mechanism", "plastic yielding", "failure", "plastic buckling"], "Result": ["controlled", "dominated"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["microcracks"], "Synthesis": ["LPBF"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Under compression, the cracking-free HX lattice structures’ failure mechanism is controlled by plastic yielding, while the failure of the with-cracking HX is dominated by plastic buckling due to the microcracks formed within the LPBF process.

{"Phenomenon": ["reduction"], "Descriptor": ["compositionally complex", "concentrated", "alloy", "additive manufacturing"], "Material": ["CoCrFeMnNi"], "Participating Material": ["oxide precursors"], "Synthesis": ["materials extrusion"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

In this article we report on the first reduction of a compositionally complex concentrated CoCrFeMnNi alloy processed entirely from oxide precursors and printed using materials extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) techniques.

{"Characterization": ["transmission electron microscopy", "TEM"], "Descriptor": ["potential", "well-annealed"], "Phenomenon": ["chemical segregation"], "Microstructure": ["grains"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The chemical and structural properties of this material are explored, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to investigate potential chemical segregation within the well-annealed grains.

{"Descriptor": ["relative", "oxides"], "Property": ["thermodynamic stability"], "Participating Material": ["Mn", "C", "MnO", "Cr2O3"], "Result": ["will not reduce"], "Environment": ["hydrogen atmosphere"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The relative thermodynamic stability of Mn and Cr oxides would suggest that MnO and Cr2O3 will not reduce in a hydrogen atmosphere.

{"Descriptor": ["unique local", "single-phase"], "Environment": ["thermodynamic environment"], "Result": ["full"], "Phenomenon": ["reduction", "diffusion"], "Participating Material": ["Mn", "Cr"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["into the grain"], "Phase": ["FCC"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

However, we find that the unique local thermodynamic environment present in the samples allows for full reduction of Mn and Cr while diffusion into the grain allows for the development of a single-phase FCC structure.

{"Material": ["High-entropy alloys"], "Number": ["N"], "Participating Material": ["elements"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

High-entropy alloys, with N elements and compositions {cν = 1,N} in competing crystal structures, have large design spaces for unique chemical and mechanical properties.

{"Descriptor": ["metaheuristic", "hybrid"], "Operation": ["Cuckoo search", "CS"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["alloy configurational models", "atomic site", "pair probabilities", "sites"], "Result": ["targeted"], "Phase": ["supercell random approximates", "SCRAPs"], "Number": ["S"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Here, to enable computational design, we use a metaheuristic hybrid Cuckoo search (CS) to construct alloy configurational models on the fly that have targeted atomic site and pair probabilities on arbitrary crystal lattices, given by supercell random approximates (SCRAPs) with S sites.

{"Descriptor": ["Hybrid", "parallel processors"], "Operation": ["CS", "combinatorial optimization"], "Result": ["global solutions", "scale linearly"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["sites"], "Number": ["S"], "Phase": ["SCRAPs"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Our Hybrid CS permits efficient global solutions for large, discrete combinatorial optimization that scale linearly in a number of parallel processors, and linearly in sites S for SCRAPs.

{"Number": ["four", "128", "13,000-fold"], "Participating Material": ["element"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["site"], "Phase": ["SCRAP"], "Result": ["found", "reduction"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

For example, a four-element, 128-site SCRAP is found in seconds—a more than 13,000-fold reduction over current strategies.

{"Descriptor": ["problem-agnostic", "Hybrid"], "Operation": ["CS"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Being problem-agnostic, our Hybrid CS offers potential applications in diverse fields.

{"Material": ["Intermetallic", "NiAl"], "Operation": ["alloy development", "additions"], "Participating Material": ["zirconium"], "Result": ["strengthen", "prevent", "failure"], "Descriptor": ["bond coat"], "Phenomenon": ["surface rumpling"], "Application": ["thermal barrier coating", "TBC"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Intermetallic alloy development in the early 1990’s suggested that zirconium additions to the NiAl system could significantly strengthen the bond coat and prevent surface rumpling that leads to failure of the thermal barrier coating (TBC) system.

{"Descriptor": ["overlay", "bond coat"], "Material": ["NiAl"], "Operation": ["incorporates"], "Participating Material": ["zirconium", "chromium"], "Result": ["developed"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

A new overlay bond coat based on NiAl that incorporates zirconium and chromium has been developed.

{"Operation": ["Additions"], "Participating Material": ["zirconium", "chromium"], "Result": ["beneficial"], "Property": ["TBC adherence", "environmental resistance"], "Descriptor": ["bond coat"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Additions of both zirconium and chromium were found to be beneficial for TBC adherence and environmental resistance of the bond coat.

{"Descriptor": ["Overlay", "coating"], "Synthesis": ["processing methods"], "Operation": ["produce"], "Result": ["accurately control"], "Participating Material": ["zirconium", "chromium"], "Property": ["content"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Overlay processing methods were used to produce the coating in order to accurately control the zirconium and chromium content.

{"Descriptor": ["overlay", "coating"], "Operation": ["incorporated"], "Participating Material": ["nickel", "substrate"], "Result": ["reduce"], "Phenomenon": ["interdiffusion"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Furthermore, the overlay coating incorporated substrate elements, like nickel, to reduce interdiffusion with the substrate.

{"Result": ["reduced", "greater retention"], "Phenomenon": ["interdiffusion"], "Property": ["load bearing area"], "Participating Material": ["substrate"], "Environment": ["after extended time at temperature"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

This reduced interdiffusion resulted in greater retention of the load bearing area of the substrate after extended time at temperature.

{"Material": ["NiAl+Cr+Zr", "platinum aluminide"], "Descriptor": ["overlay", "bond coat"], "Result": ["improved", "better protection"], "Property": ["durability"], "Participating Material": ["substrate"], "Operation": ["comparison"], "Phenomenon": ["diffusion"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The new NiAl+Cr+Zr overlay bond coat demonstrated improved durability and better protection of the underlying substrate in comparison with the current state of the art diffusion platinum aluminide bond coat.

{"Phenomenon": ["formation of stray grains"], "Synthesis": ["weld solidification"], "Material": ["Rene N5"], "Descriptor": ["single-crystal", "nickel-based superalloy"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The formation of stray grains during weld solidification of Rene N5, a single-crystal nickel-based superalloy, was studied.

{"Descriptor": ["Experimental"], "Environment": ["laser", "electron-beam", "welding conditions"], "Synthesis": ["welds"], "Result": ["the extent of", "sensitive"], "Phenomenon": ["stray grain formation"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Experimental laser and electron-beam welds showed the extent of stray grain formation was sensitive to the welding conditions.

{"Phenomenon": ["cracking"], "Result": ["presence", "follow"], "Microstructure": ["stray grains", "cracks", "stray-grain"], "Property": ["high angle boundaries"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

It was also found that cracking is associated with the presence of stray grains, and cracks follow along the stray-grain high angle boundaries.

{"Operation": ["Modeling", "investigate", "predict"], "Phenomenon": ["stray grain formation"], "Result": ["the extent of"], "Microstructure": ["stray grains"], "Environment": ["welding conditions"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["location within the weld"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Modeling was carried out to investigate the mechanism of stray grain formation and to predict the extent of stray grains as a function of welding conditions and location within the weld.

{"Property": ["crystallographic orientation"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The effect of crystallographic orientation was also taken into account.

{"Phenomenon": ["constitutional supercooling", "stray grain formation"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

It was found that the mechanism of constitutional supercooling for stray grain formation explained all of the experimental results.

{"Operation": ["Modeling"], "Environment": ["welding conditions"], "Result": ["very important influence", "minor influence"], "Phenomenon": ["stray grain formation"], "Property": ["crystallographic orientation"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Modeling based on this mechanism indicated that welding conditions would have a very important influence on the extent of stray grain formation while crystallographic orientation had only a minor influence.

{"Synthesis": ["Ultrasonic additive manufacturing", "UAM"], "Material": ["Zirconium material system"], "Descriptor": ["three-dimensional", "component prototype"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) was successfully applied to the Zirconium material system to create a three-dimensional component prototype.

{"Synthesis": ["UAM"], "Property": ["grain size"], "Result": ["refinement"], "Phenomenon": ["localized deformation"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The UAM process resulted in grain size refinement and significant localized deformation.

{"Characterization": ["Electron backscatter diffraction analysis"], "Descriptor": ["activated", "foil"], "Microstructure": ["slip systems"], "Environment": ["high deformation temperatures"], "Operation": ["texture analysis", "comparison"], "Result": ["decrease"], "Property": ["measurable texture"], "Material": ["UAM build"], "Participating Material": ["Zr"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Electron backscatter diffraction analysis revealed activated slip systems only applicable at high deformation temperatures, while texture analysis showed a decrease in measurable texture of the UAM build in comparison to the initial Zr-foil.

{"Descriptor": ["Average", "directions"], "Property": ["tensile strengths"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["sonotrode travel", "vibration", "build"], "Number": ["435", "458", "359"], "Amount Unit": ["MPa"], "Synthesis": ["UAM"], "Material": ["Zr-based materials"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Average tensile strengths in the X (sonotrode travel), Y (vibration), and Z (build) directions averaged 435 MPa, 458 MPa, and 359 MPa, respectively, demonstrating the viability of UAM for Zr-based materials.

{"Material": ["refractory alloys"], "Environment": ["for use above"], "Number": ["1500", "1200"], "Amount Unit": ["K", "\u00b0C"], "Result": ["hampered"], "Descriptor": ["concurrent requirements"], "Synthesis": ["ingot metallurgy"], "Property": ["oxidation resistance"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

For decades, the promise of refractory alloys (robust structural materials for use above 1500 K (1200 °C)) has been hampered by concurrent requirements for fabricability via ingot metallurgy and oxidation resistance.

{"Descriptor": ["economical", "powder", "high-strength"], "Participating Material": ["feedstocks"], "Synthesis": ["additive manufacturing", "AM"], "Result": ["removes the constraints"], "Material": ["refractory alloys"], "Application": ["aerospace", "defense", "space access"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The work herein demonstrates that the advent of economical powder feedstocks and consolidation methods, such as additive manufacturing (AM), effectively removes the constraints preventing widespread utilization of high-strength refractory alloys into aerospace, defense, and space access applications.

{"Descriptor": ["High-purity", "spherical"], "Material": ["refractory-alloy"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["powders"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

High-purity, spherical refractory-alloy powders (e.g.

{"Material": ["Nb-10Hf-1Ti alloy", "ATI C103\u2122"], "Synthesis": ["atomization", "plasma spheroidization"], "Operation": ["consolidated"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

the Nb-10Hf-1Ti alloy ATI C103™) were made via both atomization and plasma spheroidization and consolidated using a variety of methods.

{"Descriptor": ["Consolidated material", "sometimes", "equivalent"], "Result": ["comparable", "superior"], "Property": ["high temperature performance"], "Participating Material": ["wrought material"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Consolidated material shows comparable and sometimes superior high temperature performance to equivalent wrought material.

{"Descriptor": ["cost-effective"], "Synthesis": ["powder synthesis"], "Result": ["elimination"], "Phenomenon": ["hot and cold working"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The availability of cost-effective powder synthesis techniques enables the elimination of critical barriers in fabrication: namely the requirement for hot and cold working.

{"Descriptor": ["eutectic", "alloy", "controllable"], "Material": ["Al\u201312Si"], "Microstructure": ["ultrafine microstructure"], "Result": ["excellent"], "Property": ["mechanical properties"], "Synthesis": ["selective laser melting", "solution heat treatment"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

This study shows that a eutectic Al–12Si alloy with controllable ultrafine microstructure and excellent mechanical properties can be achieved by using selective laser melting and subsequent solution heat treatment.

{"Descriptor": ["as-fabricated", "nano-sized", "spherical", "supersaturated"], "Material": ["Al\u201312Si"], "Participating Material": ["Si", "Al"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["particles", "matrix"], "Environment": ["surrounding"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Unlike Al–12Si alloys fabricated and refined by traditional methods, the as-fabricated Al–12Si in this study contains nano-sized spherical Si particles surrounding a supersaturated Al matrix.

{"Synthesis": ["solution heat treatment"], "Phenomenon": ["precipitation", "coalescence"], "Participating Material": ["Si", "Al"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["particles", "matrix"], "Result": ["decreases", "form"], "Property": ["concentration", "sub-micron", "micron-sized"], "Descriptor": ["spherical"], "Environment": ["embedded"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

During solution heat treatment, precipitation and coalescence of the Si particles occur, which decreases the Si concentration in the matrix and sub-micron to micron-sized spherical particles embedded in an Al matrix form.

{"Descriptor": ["as-fabricated", "traditionally produced", "solution treated", "extremely high"], "Material": ["Al\u201312Si"], "Result": ["better"], "Property": ["tensile properties", "ductility"], "Number": ["25"], "Amount Unit": ["%"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The as-fabricated Al–12Si exhibits significantly better tensile properties than the traditionally produced counterparts; while the solution treated Al–12Si has an extremely high ductility of approximately 25%.

{"Property": ["mechanical properties", "time"], "Material": ["Al\u201312Si"], "Result": ["tailored"], "Operation": ["controlling", "varying"], "Phenomenon": ["precipitation", "coalescence"], "Participating Material": ["Si"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["particles"], "Synthesis": ["solution heat treatment"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Importantly, the mechanical properties of the Al–12Si can be tailored through controlling the precipitation and coalescence of the Si particles by varying the solution heat treatment time.

{"Characterization": ["transmission electron microscopy"], "Operation": ["investigate"], "Material": ["Al\u201312Si"], "Descriptor": ["alloy", "ultrafine", "eutectic"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["microstructure"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

A detailed transmission electron microscopy study was conducted to investigate this Al–12Si alloy with ultrafine eutectic microstructure.

{"Result": ["excellent"], "Property": ["tensile properties"], "Descriptor": ["refined", "eutectic", "spherical"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["microstruc-ture"], "Participating Material": ["Si particles"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The excellent tensile properties have been attributed to the refined eutectic microstruc-ture containing spherical Si particles.

{"Environment": ["super heating", "cooling rate"], "Descriptor": ["extremely high", "most stable"], "Synthesis": ["selective laser melting", "solution heat treatment"], "Participating Material": ["Si"], "Result": ["grow"], "Property": ["plane"], "Number": ["{111}"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The formation of this unique microstructure is due to the super heating and an extremely high cooling rate during selective laser melting and the subsequent solution heat treatment, which enables Si to grow along its most stable plane {111}Si.

{"Descriptor": ["nano-structured", "steel"], "Material": ["high-Mn 9Cr", "Additive-manufactured Nanostructured Alloy", "ANA"], "Phase": ["ferritic-martensitic", "FM"], "Synthesis": ["direct energy deposition"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

A newly developed nano-structured high-Mn 9Cr ferritic-martensitic (FM) steel designed for additive manufacturing (Additive-manufactured Nanostructured Alloy, ANA) was fabricated via the direct energy deposition method.

{"Descriptor": ["as-printed", "tensile properties"], "Material": ["ANA2", "Eurofer", "PM2000"], "Property": ["strength", "elongation", "Charpy impact toughness", "upper-shelf energy", "ductile-brittle transition temperature", "oxide-dispersion-strengthened", "ODS"], "Operation": ["comparable"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The as-printed ANA2 showed tensile properties (strength and elongation) and Charpy impact toughness (upper-shelf energy and ductile-brittle transition temperature) comparable to oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Eurofer and PM2000.

{"Operation": ["Compared"], "Descriptor": ["wrought", "as-built"], "Material": ["P91", "ANA2"], "Result": ["significantly higher", "inferior"], "Property": ["yield strength", "Charpy impact toughness", "ductility"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Compared with wrought P91, the as-built ANA2 showed significantly higher yield strength but inferior Charpy impact toughness and ductility.

{"Characterization": ["Microstructural characterization"], "Descriptor": ["uniformly distributed", "sub-micron", "extremely high", "high", "ultrafine", "nano-structured"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["pores", "matrix"], "Property": ["dislocation density", "density"], "Phase": ["precipitates"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Microstructural characterization revealed uniformly distributed sub-micron pores, an extremely high dislocation density, and a high density of ultrafine nano-structured precipitates in the matrix.

{"Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["dislocations"], "Property": ["dominant strengthening element", "irradiation sink density"], "Descriptor": ["ultrafine"], "Phase": ["precipitates"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The microstructures indicated the dislocations as the dominant strengthening element and the ultrafine precipitates as the primary contribution to estimated irradiation sink density.

{"Material": ["High entropy alloys", "HEA"], "Descriptor": ["multi-dimensional"], "Property": ["compositional space"], "Result": ["limitless design opportunities"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

High entropy alloys (HEAs), offering a multi-dimensional compositional space, provide almost limitless design opportunities surpassing the frontiers of structural materials development.

{"Descriptor": ["in-depth"], "Operation": ["appraisal"], "Phenomenon": ["materials physics", "strengthening"], "Material": ["HEA"], "Result": ["greater flexibility"], "Application": ["materials design"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

However, an in-depth appraisal of the fundamental materials physics behind strengthening in HEAs is essential in order to leverage them to achieve greater flexibility in application oriented materials design.

{"Phenomenon": ["compositional fluctuations", "strengthening"], "Material": ["HEA"], "Result": ["impact"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

This viewpoint paper concentrates on issues regarding inherent compositional fluctuations in HEAs and corresponding impact on strengthening is highlighted.

{"Property": ["crystallographic texture", "passive behavior", "high-deposition-rate", "HDR"], "Material": ["nickel-based superalloys"], "Synthesis": ["laser solid forming", "LSF"], "Descriptor": ["additive manufacturing"], "Environment": ["deaerated"], "Number": ["10"], "Amount Unit": ["wt.%"], "Participating Material": ["NaNO3"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

We report the crystallographic texture and passive behavior of nickel-based superalloys prepared by high-deposition-rate laser solid forming (HDR-LSF) additive manufacturing in deaerated 10 wt.% NaNO3.

{"Synthesis": ["LSF"], "Material": ["Alloy 718"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["columnar grains"], "Descriptor": ["weakly"], "Property": ["textured"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The HDR-LSF Alloy 718, mainly composed of columnar grains, is detected to be weakly fiber textured due to the direction changed structure.

{"Property": ["passive current densities"], "Descriptor": ["horizontal", "vertical"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["sections"], "Result": ["no difference", "both increase linearly"], "Environment": ["electrode potential"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

However, passive current densities on horizontal and vertical sections have no difference and both increase linearly with the electrode potential.

{"Result": ["identical", "same"], "Descriptor": ["steady-state"], "Property": ["passive current density", "interface energy"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["sections", "film/solution"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Furthermore, the identical steady-state passive current density on both sections is attributed to the same film/solution interface energy.

{"Phase": ["Amorphous structure"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["bi-layer film"], "Result": ["induces", "regardless of"], "Property": ["electrochemical activity", "isotropy", "matrix texture"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Amorphous structure of the bi-layer film induces the electrochemical activity isotropy regardless of matrix texture.

{"Material": ["Superalloy"], "Environment": ["elevated temperatures"], "Result": ["severe", "required"], "Phenomenon": ["mechanical stressing"], "Descriptor": ["high"], "Property": ["surface stability"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Superalloy are alloys developed for elevated temperatures applications, where relatively severe mechanical stressing is found, and a high surface stability is frequently required.

{"Result": ["Improvements"], "Property": ["surface properties"], "Operation": ["implantation"], "Participating Material": ["nitrogen"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Improvements in the surface properties of a wide range of alloys have been obtained by the implantation of nitrogen while field test results for industrial tools and components from a diverse range of applications have been positive.

{"Result": ["improve"], "Property": ["mechanical surface properties"], "Material": ["Inconel 718"], "Synthesis": ["PIII", "Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The objective of this work is to improve the mechanical surface properties of Inconel 718 by PIII (Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation - PIII).

{"Material": ["Inconel 718"], "Result": ["without"], "Synthesis": ["heat treatment"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

In these experiments, samples of Inconel 718 without heat treatment are used.

{"Participating Material": ["Nitrogen"], "Descriptor": ["ions"], "Operation": ["implanted"], "Number": ["one", "3"], "Amount Unit": ["hour", "hours"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Nitrogen ions in Inconel samples were implanted: a) for a period of one hour, and b) for a period of 3 hours.

{"Property": ["Tribological properties"], "Descriptor": ["PIII treated", "untreated"], "Material": ["samples"], "Operation": ["compared"], "Participating Material": ["samples"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Tribological properties of PIII treated samples were compared with the ones for untreated samples are compared.

{"Result": ["best result"], "Material": ["samples"], "Operation": ["treated"], "Number": ["3", "5000"], "Amount Unit": ["hours", "cycles"], "Characterization": ["unlubricated pin-on-disk test"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The best result is obtained for the samples treated for 3 hours after 5000 cycles of an unlubricated pin-on-disk test, with very little wear.

{"Synthesis": ["Selective laser melting", "SLM)"], "Descriptor": ["additive manufacturing process", "layer-by-layer manner"], "Operation": ["locally melting", "consolidating"], "Participating Material": ["powders"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an emerging additive manufacturing process for fabricating multifunctional parts by locally melting and consolidating powders in a layer-by-layer manner.

{"Application": ["new alloys", "metal matrix composites"], "Descriptor": ["unique"], "Property": ["fine microstructures"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["complex-shaped"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Its flexibility enables the development of new alloys and metal matrix composites with unique, fine microstructures and complex-shaped components that are all difficult to realize with traditional manufacturing processes.

{"Participating Material": ["TiB2"], "Descriptor": ["nanoparticle", "matrix"], "Operation": ["reinforcements"], "Result": ["affect"], "Microstructure": ["microstructure"], "Environment": ["high-temperature"], "Phenomenon": ["deformation behavior"], "Material": ["316L stainless steel"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

This study investigates how TiB2 nanoparticle reinforcements affect the microstructure and high-temperature deformation behavior of a 316L stainless steel matrix.

{"Descriptor": ["SLM-processed", "pure", "fully directional", "nanoparticles"], "Material": ["stainless steel", "steel matrix"], "Microstructure": ["columnar grains", "grains"], "Participating Material": ["TiB2"], "Operation": ["added"], "Result": ["reduced", "disrupted"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["sizes of the molten pools", "directional structures"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

In SLM-processed pure stainless steel, fully directional columnar grains were observed, whereas TiB2 nanoparticles added to the steel matrix significantly reduced the sizes of the molten pools and grains and disrupted the directional structures.

{"Characterization": ["chemical analysis"], "Result": ["no", "elements did not segregate"], "Property": ["compositional difference"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["boundary", "interior", "molten pool"], "Descriptor": ["SLM-processed", "macroscopically"], "Material": ["TiB2/316L nanocomposites"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

A chemical analysis revealed no compositional difference between the boundary and interior of the molten pool areas of the SLM-processed TiB2/316L nanocomposites, suggesting that elements did not segregate macroscopically.

{"Result": ["higher", "microsegregated"], "Participating Material": ["TiB2"], "Property": ["contents"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["boundaries", "cellular structures"], "Phenomenon": ["particle accumulation"], "Descriptor": ["structure mechanism"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

However, for higher TiB2 contents, alloying elements microsegregated at the boundaries of cellular structures due to the particle accumulation structure mechanism.

{"Characterization": ["Transmission electron microscopy"], "Descriptor": ["cube-like", "nanoparticles"], "Participating Material": ["TiB2"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["boundaries", "interiors", "cellular structures"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the existence of mostly cube-like TiB2 nanoparticles both at the boundaries and in the interiors of the cellular structures.

{"Material": ["nanocomposites"], "Result": ["high"], "Property": ["compressive yield strength", "ductility"], "Descriptor": ["room", "high"], "Environment": ["temperatures", "except"], "Number": ["600"], "Amount Unit": ["\u00b0C"], "Phenomenon": ["embrittlement"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

The nanocomposites exhibited high compressive yield strength and ductility at room and high temperatures, except at 600 °C, where embrittlement was observed.

{"Operation": ["Observing"], "Microstructure": ["microstructure"], "Phenomenon": ["flow stress", "deformed", "dynamic recovery", "dynamic recrystallization"], "Material": ["nanocomposites"], "Number": ["700", "800"], "Environment": ["\u00b0C"], "Result": ["shed light"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Observing the microstructure and flow stress of nanocomposites deformed at 700 and 800 °C shed light on the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization phenomena.

{"Descriptor": ["conventional", "could not predict"], "Phenomenon": ["strengthening mechanisms"], "Result": ["yield strength increase"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

However, several conventional strengthening mechanisms could not predict the entire yield strength increase.

{"Descriptor": ["ultrahigh-speed", "synchrotron"], "Characterization": ["x-ray imaging"], "Result": ["quantify"], "Phenomenon": ["vapor depressions", "keyholes"], "Operation": ["laser melting"], "Participating Material": ["metals"], "Synthesis": ["additive manufacturing"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

We used ultrahigh-speed synchrotron x-ray imaging to quantify the phenomenon of vapor depressions (also known as keyholes) during laser melting of metals as practiced in additive manufacturing.

{"Operation": ["visualization"], "Phenomenon": ["keyhole", "conduction mode", "vaporization", "instability"], "Property": ["morphology", "dynamics"], "Environment": ["high-energy x-rays", "power", "scanning velocity", "laser power density"], "Result": ["keyholes are present", "well-defined threshold", "transition follows the sequence"], "Descriptor": ["across the range"], "Synthesis": ["laser powder bed fusion"], "Mesostructure or Macrostructure": ["depression of the liquid surface", "keyhole formation"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Although expected from welding and inferred from postmortem cross sections of fusion zones, the direct visualization of the keyhole morphology and dynamics with high-energy x-rays shows that (i) keyholes are present across the range of power and scanning velocity used in laser powder bed fusion; (ii) there is a well-defined threshold from conduction mode to keyhole based on laser power density; and (iii) the transition follows the sequence of vaporization, depression of the liquid surface, instability, and then deep keyhole formation.

{"Descriptor": ["atural structural materials "], "Material": ["acre ", "uman bone,"]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

Despite recent advances in our understanding of the unique mechanical behavior of natural structural materials such as nacre and human bone, traditional manufacturing strategies limit our ability to mimic such nature- inspired structures using existing structural materials and manufacturing processes.

{"Synthesis": ["dditively fabricating "], "Descriptor": ["eometrically-free ", "etallic-based ", "irectionally-tailored,", "ocation-specific "], "Material": ["tructural composites "], "Property": ["roperties."]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

To this end, we introduce a customizable single-step approach for additively fabricating geometrically-free metallic-based structural composites showing directionally-tailored, location-specific properties.

{"Descriptor": ["ayered "], "Material": ["etal-ceramic composite "], "Phenomenon": ["rack arrest "]}

You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.

To exemplify this capability, we present a layered metal-ceramic composite not previously reported exhibiting significant directional and site-specific dependence of properties along with crack arrest ability difficult to achieve using traditional manufacturing approaches.