Datasets:

pankajrajdeo

/

PUBMED_lung

like 0

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

7164

[Variations in the activity of various curarizing substances as a function of the time of administration].

This experiment was carried out upon the male-adulte-AF SPF-Wister Rat, anesthetized by the use of pentobarbital-Na at the only dosage of 40 mg/kg/IP and put under artificial ventilation. The animals were divided into two groups: Group I, "diurnal animals" curarized between 10 a.m and 4 p.m; Group 2, "nocturnal animals" curarized between 9 and 12 p.m. Four drugs of the curarimimetic (pachycurare, non-depolarizing) type: gallamine, D-tubocurarine, pancuronium and AH-8165 were studied at doses presenting the same activity. The total curarizing effect measured by the surface defined by the curve of curarization within ten mns was constantly and significantly lowered in "nocturnal animals": a 25 p. 100 diminution with gallamine, 20 p. 100 diminution with D-tubocurarine, 27 p. 100 diminution with pancuronium, 19 p. 100 diminution with AH-8165. The hypothesis is that this diminution in the action of curarizing substances may be, to a great extent, in keeping with the rise of their metabolism -- the hepatic enzymatic activity being, in the rat, a nocturnal animal, definitely increased during the night.

Bruguerolle B; Mesdjian E; Jadot G; Valli M; Agopian B; Bouyard P

1975-01-09

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Anaesthesia

7151

Anaesthetic induction for Caesarean section with propanidid.

Propanidid was used for the induction of anaesthesia at Caesarean section in 50 healthy mothers. All parturients were considered to have normal placental function. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen, muscle relaxant and controlled ventilation. The patients were tilted laterally with a 15 degrees rubber wedge during the procedure in order to obviate the effects of aorta-caval occlusion. At the time of delivery, arterial blood was drawn from the mother and from the vessels of a double clamped section of umbilical cord, for blood-gas analysis. The results obtained are compared with those previously reported in a similar series anaesthetised with thiopentone, gas, oxygen and relaxant. Maternal blood-gas and acid-base levels were similar in the two groups at delivery. The clinical status of the infants in the present series, as judged by the modified Apgar score at 2 minutes after birth, was satisfactory. Umbilical venous and arterial pH values after propanidid were both 0-054 units (P less than 0-001) less than those following thiopentone; and average base deficits were 3-1 (Uv) and 3-9 (Ua) mEq/litre greater after propanidid (P less than 0-001). Mean oxygen levels in the umbilical cord bloods were 8-0 (Uv) and 3-5 (Ua) mmHg lower (P less than 0-001 & P less than 0-025 respectively) in the propanidid group. Derived oxygen contents was also significantly less than in the previous thiopentone series. (Ma-Uv) and (Ma-Ua) gradients were 0-053 and 0-051 pH units higher after propanidid than that following thiopentone (P less than 0-001). Mean (Ma-Uv) and (Ma-Ua) base deficits were 3-5 and 3-9 mEq/litre greater (P less than 0-001). Five patients offered definite evidence of factual recall, of whom three experienced pain. Propanidid, therefore, appeared to be associated with a greater degree of foetal acidaemia than did thiopentone. In addition, painful factual recall during surgery was encountered in 6 percent of cases. It is concluded that propanidid, although theoretically offering advantages over thiopentone to the obstetric anaesthetist, in practice, did not fulfil this promise.

Mahomedy M C; Downing J W; Jeal D E; Coleman A J

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Acta medica Scandinavica

7100

Effects of metoprolol in angina pectoris. A subacute study with exercise tests and a long-term tolerability study.

Eighteen patients with angina pectoris, who had previously participated in a cross-over study with 20 mg metoprolol t.i.d. and placebo, have been included in this study. During an introductory six-month open tolerability study, all patients were treated with 50 mg metoprolol t.i.d. and during a subsequent cross-over study, the efficacy of this dose was compared with that of placebo under double-blind conditions. An exercise was performed at the end of each cross-over period. Metoprolol, in a dose of 50 mg t.i.d., gave a significant improvement compared with placebo in respect of the number of anginal attacks, nitroglycerin consumption and daily subjective assessment of the patients' anginal symptoms. Metoprolol also gave a significant increase in exercise capacity, both until the appearance of 1 mm ST segment depression and until the end of exercise. Heart rate and blood pressure were reduced both at rest and during exercise. No severe unwanted effects were observed during this study ranging over eight months, and none of the patients had any signs or symptoms of cardiac failure or pulmonary dysfunction on any occasion. Unwanted effects reported were mild to moderate, and the frequency was the same as during placebo treatment. No abnormal laboratory findings were observed and the relative heart volume was not significantly changed. Administration of 50 mg metoprolol t.i.d. seems to be of greater benefit than 20 mg metoprolol t.i.d., previously investigated in these patients.

Keyriläinen O; Uusitalo A

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin. Journal of legal medicine

7060

[Examinations to phenomenon of shock-lung (author's transl)].

The pathogenesis of shock lung as well as the success of therapy in this condition was studied in 79 cases of extrathoracic trauma. The water-, hemoglobin-, and DNA contents of the lungs were measured in order to determine the extent of edema, the rate of perfusion, and proliferation. The cases were divided into two groups according to whether they had or had not received medical therapy before death. The data from these two groups were compared using statistical methods in which time of survival was especially taken into account. The fluid balance, pO2, pCO2, central venous pressure, pH of the serum, total serum protein and serum creatinine were also studied in these cases. Results of the study are as follows. Three phases of the posttraumatic syndrome of shock-lung could be distinguished: phase I (initial phase): blood perfusion is increased, edema is beginning to form, and medical treatment has not yet begun. Phase II (early phase = sydrome of early respiratory failure): pulmonary edema is developing rapidly while perfusion is decreasing. Phase III (late phase = syndrome of late respiratory failure): proliferative changes predominante and the edema is still increasing. The mean weight of the lungs was 397 g (s = 170) in phase I, 774 G (S = 361) In phase II, and 1124 g (s = 310) in phase III. The survival times correlated significantly and positively with the amount of water and DNS in the lungs and significantly and negatively to the amount of hemoglobin in the lungs. Thus, increasing pulmonary edema and increasing proliferative changes occurred with decreasing pulmonary perfusion. This correlation was even noted in groups of patients who had not received medical treatment and whose survival times were short. In treated cases, the fluid balance was significantly and negatively correlated to the total serum protein.

Joachim H; Vogel W; Mittermayer C

1976-30-06

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Respiration physiology

7010

Intracellular and extracellular acid-base changes in hemorrhagic shock.

Each of 21 dogs was bled until mean arterial blood pressure fell to 50 torr; this hemorrhagic shock state was then maintained for two hours. During hemorrhagic shock, the blood lactate concentration increased sixfold. The severe metabolic acidosis in arterial blood was partially compensated by a decreased PCO2 caused by increased ventilation. However, in mixed venous blood, the metabolic acidosis was combined with a respiratory acidosis. This hypercapnia in venous blood was indicative of the increased PCO2 in tissues poorly perfused following hemorrhage. The increase in the PCO2 of the femoral venous blood was greater than that in mixed venous blood, suggesting that some tissue beds were better perfused than those of the hind limb during shock. The intracellular lactate concentration of hind limb skeletal muscle was greatly increased in the shock state, and tissue PCO2 rose. Intracellular pH of skeletal muscle was only slightly decreased and bicarbonate concentration was unchanged during this combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis. This capacity of skeletal muscle to maintain a high HCO-3 concentration in intracellular fluid during metabolic acidosis may be an enhanced response of the mechanism responsible for maintaining (HCO-3)i normally at a level approximately ten times that which would be expected if HCO-3 were distributed passively.

Tung S H; Wang B C; Brown E B

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Respiration physiology

7009

Changes in skeletal muscle cell pH during graded changes in PCO2.

Blood perfusing isolated dog gracilis muscles was equilibrated with CO2 tensions ranging from 30 to 120 mm Hg, resulting in venous P CO2 from 35 to 135 mm Hg. Extracellular pH values ranged from 6.96 to 7.41, and muscle cell pH, calculated from DMO distribution, ranged from 6.64 to 6.94. When intracellular pH was plotted as a function of the corresponding extracellular pH, a linear relationship (r = 0.92) was observed throughout the entire pH range. The slope deltapHi/deltapHe was 0.64, without evidence of a difference in slope at different pH values. These results do not support the previous observations in rat diaphragms that cell pH is not affected by PCO2 changes over a certain extracellular pH range. pHe was 0.64, without evidence of a difference in slope at different pH values. Theses results do not support the previous observations in rat diaphragms that cell pH is not affected by PCO2 changes over a certain extracellular pH range.

Gonzalez N C; Brown E B

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases

7008

A simple method for the determination of the thread-forming property of tracheobronchial secretions.

A method is described for determining the thread-forming property ('Spinnbarkeit') of tracheobronchial secretions. With this method it was observed that adrenergic compounds increase the length of the mucus threads by an average of 154% whereas mucolytic agents caused an average decrease of 63% in the length of the mucus threads.

Iravani J; Melville G N

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases

7007

Effect of ascaris extract applied intravenously, on segment bronchus and the influence of ipsilateral vagus blockade.

Respiratory hypersensitivity and systemic effects after local application of Ascaris suum extract on the segmental bronchus and after its intravenous infusion are studied on four boxer dogs. Influence of ipsilateral vagus blockade on the respiratory hyperreactivity after intrabronchial application of ascaris was also investigated on the same dogs. Ascaris extract was applied in liquid form directly through a catheter into the right segmental bronchus. Egg albumin was applied in the same way for control. Local application of ascaris was repeated after ipsilateral central vagus blockade and once more after recovering vagus effect by lavage. At the end of the experiments ascaris extract was infused intravenously. The parameters studied were: deltaP(oes) mm Hg/100 ml TV (as a measurement of flow resistance in the airways), respiratory rates, arterial blood gases and pH, heart frequency, systemic blood pressure and histamine concentration per milliliter of plasma. All the animals presented a remarkable respiratory distress with local ascaris application, which could be clearly avoided with ipsilateral central vagus blockade. This respiratory hyperreactivity was not observed after intravenous infusion of ascaris extract, but a significant systemic effect, which was not the case after local application, could be observed.

Zimmermann I; Islam M S; Ulmer W T

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases

7006

Respiratory failure: correlation between encephalopathy, blood gases and blood ammonia.

In 59 patients with respiratory insufficiency due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the relationship between the state of consciousness, the blood gases and blood ammonia were studied. Interindividually, a significant correlation was found between the encephalopathy and SaO2, PaCO2 or ammonia, and also between the blood gases and ammonia. On the other hand, an intraindividual study, performed on patients with minor cerebral dysfunction, showed that only PaCO2 was significantly correlated with the stage of consciousness. Ammonia did not appear to have a neurotoxic influence. The ammonia level seemed to be influenced primarily by other factors than the blood gases, although there was a borderline influence of SaO2 on aterial ammonia and a significant influence of PaCO2-HCO3 and pH on venous ammonia.

Demedts M; Clément J; Schepers R; van de Woestijne K P

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

6963

Markedly elevated angiotensin converting enzyme in lymph nodes containing non-necrotizing granulomas in sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by the generalized formation of granulomas and is accompanied by elevation in the serum in less than half the patients of angiotensin converting enzyme, a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of the decapeptide, angiotensin I, to the pressor octapeptide, angiotensin II, and L-histidyl-L-leucine. Mean activity of angiotensin converting enzyme was elevated generally more than 10-fold in granuloma-containing lymph nodes, but not in lung in which normally it is abundant, in 19 of 20 patients with sarcoidosis. Angiotensin converting enzyme in lymph nodes from subjects with sarcoidosis was similar to the enzyme from normal lung and lymph node with respect to activity as a function of pH, inhibition of activity by EDTA and o-phenanthroline, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and requirement for chloride for activity, but appeared to be more heat labile. The data suggest that the granulomas in sarcoidosis may be the source of the elevated serum enzyme and that cells of the granulomas, particularly the epitheloid cells which appear by electron microscopy to have active protein biosynthesis, may be actively synthesizing the enzyme.

Silverstein E; Friedland J; Lyons H A; Gourin A

1976-01-06

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The New Zealand medical journal

6927

A survey of isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Over eight months 130 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for sensitivity to penicillin, tetracycline, cephalosporin and co-trimoxozole. Except in one doubtful case all isolates were sensitive to penicillin. All were sensitive to cephalosporin. 6.9 percent is isolates were resistant to co-trimoxozole. It is suggested that penicillin remains the drug of choice in the treatment of pneumococcal infections.

Wood N G

1976-10-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Medical journal of Australia

6865

Sulphasalazine lung.

A patient developed the rare complication of pulmonary eosinophilia whilst receiving sulphasalazine. A review of the world literature on sulphasalazine-induced lung disease is presented.

Tydd T F

1976-17-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Magyar traumatologia, orthopaedia es helyreallito sebeszet

6828

[Solitary tuberculoma in the tendonous section of the m. quadriceps].

A case of isolated tuberculosis observed in the tensinous part of the quadriceps muscle is reported by the authors. The rarity of the case is pointed out. A few possibilities of the development of this tuberculoma are dealt with. In the authors' case the focus developed probably after haematogenous generalization. One year after the operation the patient is symptomfree and has no complaints.

János S; József T; Antal S

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

JACEP

6816

Monitoring resuscitation of primates from hemorrhagic and septic shock.

Monitoring data in 16 primates subjected to septic or hemorrhagic shock and resuscitated with various solutions is presented. From a paractical standpoint, central venous pressure and urine output appear to be the best indices to use in the emergency department for resuscitation of the shock victim. The sophisticated measurements such as cardiac output, thermodye volumes, pulmonary artery wedge pressure and oxygen consumption should be reserved for the individual with depressed cardiovascular reserves and who needs "fine tuning" of his volume status.

Trunkey D; Holcroft J; Carpenter M A

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Japanese journal of antibiotics

6805

Quantitative and qualitative determinations of the combined effect of tetracycline and oleandomycin. I. In vitro effect.

Growth inhibitory effect of combined treatment of tetracycline (TC) and oleandomycin (OM), at a ratio of 2:1, on certain species of pathogenic bacteria including drug-resistant ones was examined. By the crossed paper strip method, synergistic effects were demonstrated against 9 of the 16 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and all of the 5 strains of Escherichia coli studied. Antagonism was observed with none of the strains and with 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 2 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae tested in the present experiments. The MICs determined by the agar dilution method, also gave similar results, although synergism was not conclusively demonstrated by this method. With representative strains of S. aureus, synergism was evidenced by quantitative measurement of growth inhibition. In some strains, 1.0 mug of one drug per ml of medium inhibited the induction of resistance to the second drug. Such a small dose of one drug also inhibited the development of a mutant resistant to the second drug. These inhibitory actions were thought to be one of the important factors causing the synergistic effect of TC and OM on drug resistant bacteria.

Tone J; Niki K; Maeda H; Ihara I; Kawakami M

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

6720

Anticholinergic activity of antipsychotic drugs in relation to their extrapyramidal effects.

Antipsychotic drugs were evaluated with two indices of anticholinergic activity, mydriasis in mice in vivo and antagonism of carbamylcholine-induced contractions of guinea-pig tracheal strips in vitro. The drugs from most to least potent as oral mydriatic agents were mepazine, clozapine, thioridazine, promazine and chlorpromazine. Trifluoperazine, pimozide and haloperidol were inactive. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that anticholinergic activity of antipsychotic drugs is inversely related to their propensity to produce extrapyramidal effects in man. In vitro results appeared to predict the incidence of extraphyramidal effects less accurately than in vivo results.

Pearl J; Spilker B A; Woodward W A; Bentley R G

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

6719

The effects of angiotensin I and angiotensin II on the isolated tracheal muscle of the cat.

The effects of Asp1-beta-amide-Val5-angiotensin II (A II) and Asp1-Ile5-angiotensin I (A I) have been studied on the isolated continuously superfused cat tracheal muscle contracted by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Both peptides have been shown to induce dose-dependent relaxation on this muscle. Similar effects have been obtained with synthetic bradykinin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), noradrenaline and histamine. The effects of bradykinin, A I and A II have been shown to be inhibited by aspirin but not by propranolol, metiamide, SC 19220 or a specific, competitive antagonist of A II. The relaxing effect of A I is not due to the conversion of decapeptide to octapeptide A II. The possible mechanism of the relaxing effects of A I and A II on the cat isolated tracheal muscle is discussed.

Türker R K; Ercan Z S

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

6718

Mediation of prostaglandin E2 in the biphasic response to ATP of the isolated tracheal muscle of guinea-pigs.

ATP, at a dose higher than 0-1 mug m1(-1), showed a biphasic action consisting of an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease of muscle tension in the isolated tracheal strip-chains of guinea-pigs. The pattern of this biphasic response to ATP varied with the level of basal tone of the preparation at the moment of application of ATP. A smiliar biphasic action was obtained by prostaglandin (PG) E2 among the various active substances studied including acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines and various types of PG. Indomethacin (0-1 mug m1(-1) and aspirin (30 mug m1(-1)) completely abolished the ATP-induced inhibitory response observed in the presence of histamine (10 muM). Polyphloretin phosphate (100 mug m1(-1)) also significantly depressed the inhibitory response to ATP or PGE2. It is concluded that the response to ATP of the preparation is mediated by PGE2 released via the stimulation of its biosynthesis.

Kamikawa Y; Shimo Y

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of experimental zoology

6617

Ventilation and metabolic rate of young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to sublethal environmental pH.

Differences between ventilatory response and metabolic rates of young rainbow trout tested within the sublethal range of pH 6 to pH 9 were observed using a flowing water respirometer. The oxygen consumption was monitored at swimming speeds of 12 cm/sec and 24 cm/sec. The oxygen consumption rates at 24 cm/sec and pH 6 (423 mg/kg-hr) and pH 9 (367 mg/kg-hr) were considerably higher than those determined near neutrality (328 mg/kg-hr). Ventilation rate increased to either side of neutrality, but significantly fewer respiratory reversals, or "coughs," were observed at pH 6 and a greater number at pH 9 than occurred at pH 7 and 8 or in untested fish. The respiratory-cough response is shown to be pH-dependent in rainbow trout and may therefore not be as reliable an indication of pollutant-caused stress in studies where the experimental pH has not been specified or controlled.

Hargis J R

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

6504

Urologic sepsis/shock.

At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center during the six-year period 1968-1973, there were 1236 cases of sepsis from Gram-negative pathogens; 124 of these originated in the urinary tract. Of these 124 patients, 19 died-a mortality rate of 15.3 percent. There were 205 deaths among the 1236 patients with sepsis from Gramnegative organisms-a mortality rate of 16.6 percent. Previously, in the 1959-1964 and 1965-19067 periods, the mortality rates had been 56.3 percent and 19.6 percent respectively. The lowered mortality rate during 1968-1973 for urologic sepsis/shock was associated with improved management procedures: a) preventive measures such as postponement of urologic instrumentation and surgical intervention in patients infected with drug-resistant urea splitters, until the infection is under control, with emergency surgical patients being treated by susceptibility-tested drugs to control possible postoperative complications; b) early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis and immediate administration of bactericidal antibiotics parenterally; c) immediate restoration of fluid/electrolyte balance, with monitoring of renal and pulmonary functions and metabolic acidosis; and d) early administration of large pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids, with monitoring of the microcirculation and use of beta-adrenergic isoproterenol.

Seneca H; Grant J P

1976-01-07

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of clinical investigation

6492

The effect of hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion.

This study was designed to determine the effect of acute hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. The blood PCO2 declined and stabilized rapidly when bicarbonate loaded rats were hyperventilated. In contrast, the urine PCO2 declined slowly, resulting in an early increase in the urine minus blood (U-B) PCO2 which could not be obliterated by carbonic anhydrase infusion. Within approximately 50 min, the U-B PCO2 in the hyperventilated and carbonic anhydrase infused rats approached zero. Consequently, equilibrium between collecting duct urine and arterial blood PCO2 was then presumed to exist. This provided the basis for the subsequent studies on a series of rats. The U-B PCO2 decreased from a control of 22+/-1 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) to 11+/-2 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) with hypocapnia, and rose again to its control value when the blood PCO2 returned to prehyperventilation values. This decline in U-B PCO2 with acute hyperventilation could not be attributed to changes in urine flow, phosphate, or bicarbonate excretion, suggesting, therefore, a decrease in distal nephron (probably collecting duct) hydrogen ion secretion with acute hyperventilation. Possible pitfalls in the interpretation of the UB PCO2 are illustrated.

Giammarco R A; Goldstein M B; Halperin M L; Stinebaugh B J

1976-01-07

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of biological chemistry

6459

Purification and characterization of an endo-beta-galactosidase produced by Diplococcus pneumoniae.

An endo-beta-galactosidase acting on blood group A and B substances was found in the culture fluid of Diplococcus pneumoniae. The enzyme was purified 1000-fold, and its properties were studied in detail. The enzyme preparation, thus obtained, was practically free from various exoglycosidases, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and proteases. The enzyme releases trisaccharides from blood group A and B active mucins purified from ovarian cyst fluid. The structures of the trisaccharides liberated from A and B active mucins were elucidated to be GalNAcalpha1 leads to 3(Fucalpha1 leads to 2)Gal and Galalpha1 leads to 3(Fucalpha1 leads to 2)Gal, respectively. The enzyme also hydrolyzes blood group A and B active oligosaccharides composed of type 2 chains, yielding the same products as in the case of ovarian cyst blood group substances. An H active mucin from ovarian cyst fluid, H active oligosaccharides, and A and B active oligosaccharides with type 1 chains were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Consequently, the enzyme catalyzes the following reaction, resulting in the degradation of blood type A and B determinants. (see article).

Takasaki S; Kobata A

1976-25-06

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Journal of applied physiology

6421

Effects of continuous positive-pressure ventilation in experimental pulmonary edema.

We compared the effects of continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), using 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV), on pulmonary extravascular water volume (PEWV) and lung function in dogs with pulmonary edema caused by elevated left atrial pressure and decreased colloid osmotic pressure. The PEWV was measured by gravimetric and double-isotope indicator dilution methods. Animals with high (22-33 mmHg), moderately elevated (12-20 mmHg), and normal (3-11 mmHg) left atrial pressures (Pla) were studied. The PEWV by both methods was significantly increased in the high and moderate Pla groups, the former greater than the latter (P less than 0.05). There was no difference in the PEWV between animals receiving CPPV and those receiving IPPV in both the high and moderately elevated Pla groups. However, in animals with high Pla, the Pao2 was significantly better maintained and the inflation pressure required to deliver a tidal volume of 12 ml/kg was significantly less with the use of CPPV than with IPPV. We conclude that in pulmonary edema associated with high Pla, PEEP does not reduce PEWV but does improve pulmonary function.

Hopewell P C; Murray J F

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Journal of applied physiology

6419

Circulatory effects of prolonged hypoxia before and during antihistamine.

Five chronically instrumented healthy dogs were exposed to a 5-day period of breathing 10% oxygen in a chamber. The response to hypoxia was found to be time dependent. During the first 24 h of hypoxia the circulatory response was characterized by increases in cardiac output, heart rate, pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressures, and pulmonary vascular resistance. Systemic vascular resistance increased; left atrial pressure decreased. During the early part of hypoxia the animals became hypocapnic; the arterial blood pH rose significantly. During the rest of the hypoxic period cardiac output, heart rate, and arterial blood pH returned to the control values; pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance remained significantly elevated. Systemic vascular resistance rose; left atrial pressure remained below control. This response to hypoxia was not substantially modified when the experiment was repeated during the administration of the antihistamine promethazine, an H1-receptor blocking agent, in a dose which blocked the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to small doses of exogenous histamine. The circulatory response to acute hypoxia in five anesthetized dogs was not modified by intravenous administration of metiamide, an H2-receptor blocking agent.

Levasseur J E; Kontos H A; Richardson D W; Patterson J L

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Journal of applied physiology

6418

Failure of histamine antagonists to prevent hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in dogs.

The role of histamine as a mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was examined in intact anesthetized dogs. Antagonism of histamine vasoconstrictor (H1) receptors with a classic antihistaminic drug (chlorpheniramine) failed to prevent or modify the pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia (10% O2). Blockade of histamine vasodilator (H2) receptors with a newly synthesized blocking agent (metiamide) potentiated the vasoconstriction induced by hypoxia and prevented the normal increase in heart rate. Combined H1- and H2-receptor blockade also did not prevent or reduce the hypoxic pulmonary pressor response, although it did effectively abolish the cardiovascular actions of infused histamine. In other dogs, histamine infused (3.6 mug/kg per min) during hypoxia attenuated the pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by hypoxia. The results imply that, in the dog, histamine does not mediate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, histamine does appear to be released during hypoxia, and it may play a role in modulating the pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia by opposing the hypoxia induced vasoconstriction. The results also imply that histamine may be responsible for the increase in heart rate during hypoxia.

Tucker A; Weir E K; Reeves J T; Grover R F

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of antibiotics

6411

Comparative in vitro activity of cephalosporins.

The in vitro activity of cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cefoxitin, cephamycin C, cepharadine and cefazolin was determined against 443 isolates of bacteria. At a concentration of 12.5 mug/ml, all of the cephalosporins inhibited more than 60% of the isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. At the same concentration, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephamycin C and cefazolin inhibited more than 90% of isolates of proteus mirabilis. All of the cephalosporins except cephalothin and cephapirin inhibited over 60% of isolates of Escherichia coli at a concentration of 12.5 mug/ml. Cefoxitin was the most active cephalosporin against gram-negative bacilli. There was substantial differences in the activity of cephalosporins against gram-positive cocci. Cephaloridine was the most active cephalosporin against these organisms. There was considerable fluctuation in the proportion of isolates of gram-negative bacilli susceptible to these cephalosporins from year to year, but there was no evidence to suggest that the number of resistant isolates was increasing.

Stewart D; Bodey G P

1976-01-02

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Drugs

6250

Use of beta-adrenoreceptor blockers in combination with beta-stimulators in patients with obstructive lung disease.

Lung function can be reduced not only by a non-selective beta-blocker but also by a selective beta1-receptor blocker. If both types of drug are without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, the effect of the non-selective drug is more pronounced than that of a beta1-receptor selective drug under basal conditions. The effect of a beta2-receptor stimulating drug on the bronchi is inhibited by a non-selective drug, but much less by a selective beta1-receptor blocker. A selective beta1-receptor blocker can be used in asthmatics when it is combined with optimal anti-asthmatic therapy, while a non-selective drug is contra-indicated in patients with broncho-obstructive diseases. It is necessary to induce bronchodilatation (e.g. with a beta2-stimulator) in order to test whether or not a beta-blocker can be used in broncho-obstructive disease.

Johnsson G

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

6228

Oxisuran reduction by rabbit tissue preparations.

Oxisuran, 2-((methylsulfinyl)acetyl)pyridine is reduced to alpha-((methylsulfinyl)methyl-2-pyridinemethanol, oxisuranol, by cytoplasmic enzymes from rabbit liver, kidney, brain, intestine, and lung. The cytoplasmic enzyme from liver is dependent on NADPH as cofactor and has an optimal pH of 6.0. Enzymatic activity is also present in liver mitochondria but at a lower specific activity. The cytoplasmic extracts catalyze the formation of two oxisuranol products, presumably the diastereoisomers described by Di Carlo and associates from in vivo studies. Verification of the product as oxisuranol was accomplished by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Bachur N R; Felsted R L

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Clinical science and molecular medicine

6184

The ventilatory response in severe metabolic acidosis.

1. The ventilatory response to severe metabolic acidosis was studied by measuring arterial blood carbon dioxide tension and pH in sixty-seven patients with blood pH less than 7-10, none of whom had hypercapnia, pulmonary oedema, or chronic pulmonary insufficiency. The results were compared with those previously found in patients with uncomplicated diabetic ketoacidosis. 2. By that comparison, fifty-two of the sixty-seven patients with blood pH less than 7-10 were judged to have "appropriate hypocapnia", and fifteen had "submaximal hypocapnia". Thirteen of the latter fifteen had circulatory failture and/or acute hypoxia, and seven of nine in whom it was measured had plasma lactate greater than 9 mmol/1. 3. Hyperventilation was therefore usually well sustained in these patients with severe metabolic acidosis, except in most of those with acute tissue hypoxia. The latter may have had insufficient time to achieve maximum hyperventilation in response to their acidosis, or perhaps their submaximal hypercapnia presaged imminent failure of the hyperventilatory response.

Fulop M

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

6181

Antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin and ampicillin.

Single equimolar oral doses of bacampicillin and ampicillin were given to 9 healthy subjects on a crossover randomized basis. Data were interpreted in terms of a 3-compartment pharmacokinetic open model. Intestinal absorption of bacampicillin was found to be faster and more complete than that of ampicillin, yielding an increase in bioavailability of 30% to 40% as measured by the area under serum levels curve, the urinary excretion and absorption rate constants. After the administration of bacampicillin, much higher and sharper peaks were achieved in the serum and in the "tissue" water than after the administration of ampicillin. The maximum bactericidal dilution (MBD) of the serum samples taken 1 hr after the administration of the antibiotics against 10 strains of Diplococcus pneumoniae was higher following bacampicillin (p less than 0.01), as was the MBD of the 0 to 2 hr urine specimens against 10 strains of Escherichia coli. Further clinical trials are required to accurately assess the possible greater therapeutic effectiveness of bacampicillin than of ampicillin.

Rozencweig M; Staquet M; Klastersky J

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

6179

Effects of cardioselective beta adrenoceptor blockade on specific airways resistance in normal subjects and in patients with bronchial asthma.

The effects of single oral doses of the cardioselective beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, metoprolol and tolamolol, on specific airways resistance (SRaw) were compared with those of propranolol and practolol in 6 healthy volunteers and in 12 patients with bronchial asthma. Whole-body plethysmography was used to measure SRaw and the blocking potency of different antagonists assessed by the degree of inhibition of tachycardia due to exercise on a treadmill. The changes correlated with plasma drug levels. Propranolol and practolol were measured fluorometrically and metoprolol by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. In normal subjects, about 30% reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia resulted from single doses of 80 mg propranolol (plasma levels, 50.3, SD, 29.5 to 60.8, SD, 26 ng/ml), 250 mg practolol (plasma levels, 1.05, SD, 0.32 to 1.10, SD, 0.55 mug/ml), 100 mg metoprolol (plasma levels, 137, SD, 111 to 152, SD, 100 ng/ml), and 100 mg tolamolol. In patients, these doses of the drugs produced significant increases in SRaw. These increases were greater than those after placebo but significantly so only during the peak effect 1 hr after propranolol. Compared with changes after placebo, significant effects on SRaw were also found in 3 patients given 200 mg of tolamolol. None of the drugs had a significant effect on SRaw in normal subjects. It is concluded that metoprolol, practolol, and tolamolol may impair ventilatory function in asthmatics less than propranolol and that at high doses this difference may not be demonstrable.

Singh B N; Whitlock R M; Comber R H; Williams F H; Harris E A

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Brain research

6120

Synaptic depression at a synapse in Aplysia californica: analysis in terms of a material flow model of neurotransmitter.

When a pair of stimuli separated by an appropriate interval is given to the right visceropleural connective of Aplysia californica the amplitude of the second EPSP elicited in cell R15 is usually smaller than the amplitude of the first EPSP. In the present paper we show that this phenomenon, synaptic depression, can be analyzed in terms of the material flow model of neurotransmitter economics developed in our preceding publications. We specifically show how changes in the 4 model parameters; A, the available pool of transmitter; F, the fraction of the available pool released by a presynaptic action potential; M, the rate of transmitter mobilization into the available pool; and D, the rate constant of demobilization of transmitter from the available pool, all effect synaptic depression. In addition, we show how transient changes in F and M, that are observed immediately and for seconds after a stimulus, influence the time course of synaptic depression. Using this analysis we then tested our previous inferences about changes in the model parameters produced either by pharmacological manipulations or repetitive stimulation, by comparing the observed effects of these manipulations on synaptic depression with the theoretical predictions. The theoretical and experimental findings agreed, thereby strengthening both our previous conclusions of the mode of action of these manipulations and the model itself.

Woodson P B; Schlapfer W T; Tremblay J P; Barondes S H

1976-04-06

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny

6091

[Effect of noradrenaline on the electrical and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary artery].

Experiments were performed on the smooth muscle cells of rabbit a. pulmonalis using the microelectrode technique. No spontaneous electrical or mechanical activity was recorded in normal Krebs solution. The current-voltage relation in these smooth muscle cells showed marked rectification. No changes in the isometric tension were observed due to the anodal or cathodal stimulating currents. Strong depolarization of the muscle cells produced only local potentials on the cathelectrotone which never developed into a spike. Noradrenaline (10(-8) g/ml) caused depolarization of the 5-7 mV in the muscle cell membrane and a considerable contraction of the muscle strip as well. Under such conditions the contractile apparatus of the muscle cells became sensible to the resting potential level. Anodal stimulation was accompanied by relaxation of the muscle strip, whereas cathodal stimulation--by its contraction. The alpha-adrenoblocking agent (phentolamine) blocked the effect of noradrenaline evidencing the fact that noradrenaline exerted its excitatory action on the smooth muscle cells of the a. pulmonalis through the alpha-adrenoreceptors.

Gurkovskaia A V; Chaprina L P

1975-01-10

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Archiv fur experimentelle Veterinarmedizin

5984

[Activity and properties of alkaline phosphatase in the plasma and various organs (kidney, liver, small intestine mucosa, bone) of the swine].

There was a high activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood plasma of piglets during the first few days of live; enzyme obtained at this time had high heat stability and was readily inhibited by L-phenylalanine (5 mM). The enzyme in blood was inhibited to a greater extent than alkaline phosphatase from intestinal mucosa. With increasing age there was a fall in heat stability and in the ease with that the enzyme could be inhibited by phenylalanine. The proportion of alkaline phosphatase derived from bone and present in blood plasma increased with increasing age. Two isoenzymes were detected in liver, kidney, lung, intestinal mucosa and endometrial mucosa by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Heat lability and inhibition by phenylalanine were good criteria for differentiating different types of alkaline phosphatase in pigs. In the case of alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma, disodium phenylphosphate was split more readily than p-nitrophenyl phosphate and very much more readily than phenolphthalein diphosphate and beta-glycerophosphate.

Kolb E; Schmidt U; Gründel G

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Annals of thoracic surgery

5973

Angioplastic repair of a ruptured pulmonary artery aneurysm.

A 28-year-old woman had a ruptured solitary pulmonary arterial aneurysm which was successfully treated by pericardial patch graft. The etiology of the aneurysm could not be determined although the patient had had several episodes of blunt chest trauma in the past. Unusual aspects of this case include: location of the aneurysm in the intermediate portion of the left pulmonary artery within the major intralobar fissure, intrapleural rupture, preoperative diagnosis by pulmonary angiography, and an incidentally discovered histopathological abnormality of the aneurysm itself for which no satisfactory explanation has been found.

Fishman N H; Miller E W; Freed T A

1976-01-02

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5932

[Post-traumatic fat embolism of the hemorrhagic pulmonary edema type].

The authors present a case of post-traumatic fat embolus, which was remarkable by the very haemorrhagic nature of the pulmonary oedema, which healed without sequel.

Gaudy J H; Campinos J L; Blery C; Pean C; Dufour G

1975-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5926

[2 cases of chylothorax caused by catheterization of left large venous trunks].

The authors present two cases of almost certain catheterization of the thoracic duct, by infusion catheters placed in the large veins at the base of the neck (once in the left internal jugular, once in the left subclavian). Their clinical manifestaztions are the existence of a rapidly progressive pleural effusion, apart from the abnormal course of the catheter. Removal of the catheter is sufficient to lead to the disappearance of the symptomatology, so that it is difficult to speak of an accident as such, but rather of an incident. These incidents could be avoided by systematic radiography from the time that the catheter is placed in position or the positioning of the latter under control by brilliance amplifier.

Piro J; Sainty J M; Deveze J L; Fogliani J

1975-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Anesthesiology

5924

Premedicant drugs and gastric juice pH and volume in pediatric patients.

The effects of premedication on gastric juice volume and pH were evaluated in five groups of 206 pediatric patients undergoing elective surgical procedures: Group 1 (Control) received no premedication; Group 2 was given morphine sulfate and pentobarbital as premedicants. The other groups received, in addition to morphine and pentobarbital, atropine (Group 3), scopolamine (Group 4), or glycopyrrolate (Group 5). After endotracheal intubation, gastric aspirates were examined for volume, pH and color. Neither premedication with morphine and pentobarbital nor addition of atropine or scopolamine to the premedication significantly altered volume. In patients treated with glycopyrrolate, volume was reduced to less than a third of that of patients in Group 1 (P less than 0.001), and the percentage of pH's higher than 2.5 was significantly greater than in other groups. The incidences of unobtainable samples and samples with pH's higher than 2.5 were greatest with atropine (32.0 per cent, P less than 0.05) and glycopyrrolate (58.1 per cent, P less than 0.01). In 60 per cent of the bile-stained specimens, pH's were below 2.5. It is concluded that because of its selective inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretions, glycopyrrolate appears superior to other anticholinergic drugs. The reduction of gastric juice volume and acidity produced by glycopyrrolate would have important clinical implications in case of accidental aspiration. It is also concluded that bile staining of gastric contents is not a reliable indicator of gastric juice pH.

Salem M R; Wong A Y; Mani M; Bennett E J; Toyama T

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The American journal of physiology

5899

Effects of temperature transients on gas exchange and acid-base status of turtles.

Pulmonary ventilation (VE), O2 consumption (VO2), and CO2 production (VCO2) were measured continuously on each of 10 turtles, Pseudemys scripta elegans, at 20 degrees C, during and for 1 h after heating to 30 degrees C and during and for 1 h after cooling to 20 degrees C. In seven of the animals, arterial blood was sampled at the three temperature plateaus. Ventilatory ratios (VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2) and metabolic rate adjusted promptly to temperature change, stabilizing at values similar to those observed previously in turtles following 1 day or more at each temperature. Likewise, mean blood pH and PCO2 values conformed both in absolute values and in temperature-dependence to data previously obtained from animals exposed to the various temperatures for longer time periods or from turtle blood thermally equilibrated in vitro. Total plasma [CO2] did not change significantly, suggesting that steady-state CO2 exchange prevailed throughout the experiment. In accordance with this, R(VCO2/VO2) did not change significantly during the 20-30 degrees C transition; however, R rose during the 30-20 degrees C transition, suggesting possible hyperventilation at this stage. We conclude that the respiratory control of blood acid-base status adjusts rapidly to temperature change in the turtle and its adjustment minimizes disturbance to CO2 balance.

Jackson D C; Kagen R D

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The American journal of physiology

5897

Altered hepatic glycogen metabolism and glucoregulatory hormones during sepsis.

Levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon in portal vein plasma and of liver glycogen and cyclic AMP and activities of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase in liver were assayed in control (CONT) rats and rats infected (INF) with Diplococcus pneumoniae. In INF rats compared with CONT rats, insulin and glucagon levels were higher (8,12,24 h). Activity of synthase I was lower (8, 12, 24 h) and of phosphorylase higher (12 and 24 h) in INF rats. Cyclic AMP levels were higher in INF rats at 12 and 24 h. Total synthase activity was lower in INF rats at 24 h. Glucose given intravenously increased glycogen less in INF than in CONT rats and activated synthase and inactivated phosphorylase in all animals except at 24 h in INF rats. However, in situ perfusion of the livers at 24 h with glucose in buffer decreased phosphorylase activities in all animals and increased synthase I activities in CONT but not INF rats.

Curnow R T; Rayfield E J; George D T; Zenser T V; DeRubertis F R

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The American journal of physiology

5896

Evaluation of redox state of isolated perfused rat lung.

The metabolic responsiveness of lung tissue to inhibition of oxidative metabolism was determined by measurement of the redox state of the isolated perfused and ventilated rat lung. Changes in redox state were evaluated by fluorescence from the lung surface at wavelengths suitable for reduced pyridine nucleotides and by measurement of the ratios of redox couples in rapidly frozen lung tissue. Maximal change of redox state was observed during ventilation with carbon monoxide; surface fluorescence increased 6.6%, lactate/pyruvate increased 5.8 times, glycerol 3-P/dihydroxyacetone-P increased fourfold and glutamate/alpha-ketoglutarate doubled. KCN infusion resulted in similar changes. Hypoxia produced with N2 ventilation resulted in less than maximal changes in redox couple ratios until alveolar PO2 was reduced below 0.1 mmHg. Redox changes observed during infusion of 0.5 mM aminoxyacetic acid suggested that maintenance of cytoplasmic redox state depended on functioning of a malate-aspartate "shuttle." The isolated perfused lung appears suitable to study factors controlling pulmonary parenchymal oxidative metabolism. The results emphasize the need for ventilation with CO to establish intracellular anoxia.

Fisher A B; Furia L; Chance B

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

American journal of diseases of children (1960)

5883

Polyarteritis in children.

Polyarteritis was diagnosed in three girls, 9 to 10 years old, by kidney and skin biopsies. They were treated with a combination of prednisone (1.5 to 2 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg) for up to 12 months. The illness was severe in all three, complicated by hypertension, seizures, pulmonary infiltrates, renal failure, or hallucinations. All three patients are alive and well with no or minimal residual symptoms two to three years after therapy was discontinued. The treatment with corticosteroids or with a combination of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs seems to improve the prognosis of polyarteritis considerably.

Reimold E W; Weinberg A G; Fink C W; Battles N D

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Allergologia et immunopathologia

5879

[Mediators of the allergic reaction. Slow reacting substance (SRS-A)].

The slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) belongs to a group of substances which produce a slow progressive and sustained contraction of some smooth muscles. It is released by the interaction of the antigen with certain antibodies; in humans through the interaction with the IgE or reagine. The SRS-A is a heat-labile sustance, chemically unstable, of an acid character, with a low molecular weight. It is not destroyed by the action of proteolytic enzymes. Its molecular structure has not yet been elucidated. It is not found accumulated in the cells but synthesized and released by some white cells mainly by sensitized mast cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes after challenging with the specific antigen. The SRS-A is a powerful pharmacodynamic agent, it produces contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle in doses of nanograms. It probably plays a predominant role in the physiopathology of asthma. The chain of chemical reactions elicited by antigen-antibody interaction does not end with the release of SRS-A and the other mediators (histamine, eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, ECF-A), on the contrary, these mediators especially SRS-A induce the release of prostaglandins of type E (PGE1 and PGE2) which produce bronchodilatation and inhibit the release of SRS-A itself, perhaps being a selfregulating mechanism. The PGF2a, on the other hand, produces bronchoconstriction. The release of SRS-A is also inhibited by the action of diethyl-carbamazine and especially by sodium chromoglicate and compound AH-7725. From the biochemical point of view it is found that the antigen Igells, a serine esterase, initiating several chemical reactions whose consequence is a decrease in the cAMP concentration. This reduction in the cAMP intracellular level is followed by synthesis and excretion of the SRS-A as well as by the aggregation of the microtubules and excretion of the stored histamine. The PGE (1 and 2) acting on one type of membrane receptor and the beta-agonist catecholamines on another produce a common phenomenon: the activation of the adenylcyclase whcih produces the increase of the concentration of cAMP and inhibits the release of mediators of the anapylactic reaction. The parasympathetic system through its chemical mediator acethylcholine, by a mechanism in whcih adenycyclase is not involved is also capable of stimulating the release of histamine and SRS-A. Something similar happens with PGF2a. In conclusion, self-regulatory mechansims for the release of mediators of the anaphylactic reactions may exist. The "perpetuation" of an asthamtic reaction would signify a failure of these self-regulatory mechanisms due to, for example, to a temporary block of the beta-adrenergic receptors, overstimulation of the alfa-receptors or insufficient production of PGE or a transformation of the PGE in PGF.

Naranjo P

1975-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Acta virologica

5868

Associated seroconversions to respiratory viruses in volunteers with experimental influenza infection.

Serological examinations of 573 volunteers with mild experimental influenza infection and 86 volunteers of a control group hospitalized in a special clinic revealed a significant rise in the titre of antibodies (seroconversion) not only to influenza A or B viruses used for the experimental infection but in 23.3 to 29.8% of cases also to other respiratory viruses. Based on a number of arguments, associated seroconversions are interpreted as due to mixed or sequential infections of different aetiology.

Rudenko L G; Shadrin A S; Geiker V I; Zibina E A; Zykov M P

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Acta virologica

5867

Levels of immunoglobulins and antibodies to haemaglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus in nasal secretions after natural infection.

Nasal washings (NW) from 16 influenza patients in the course of an epidemic in November and December, 1974 were examined for the presence of influenza virus, immunoglobulins (Ig) and titres of haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) and neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies. Influenza virus identical with A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2), increased levels of IgA and occasionally IgG, and specific antibodies were detected in the NW. The dynamics of HI and NI antibody formation did not differ substantially, but there were individual differences in titres and persistence of antibodies. Convalescent sera always contained increased levels of HI and NI antibodies. In some cases, the titres of antibody to viral ribonucleoprotein did not increase.

Hrusková J; Syrůcek L; Tůmová B; Stumpa A; Brůcková M; Losová M; Berkovicová V

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Acta physiologica Scandinavica

5852

Vagal reflexes in the bronchoconstriction occurring after induced intravascular platelet aggregation.

Intravascular platelet aggregation induced in cats by i.v. infusions of collagen caused a transient increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and in non-elastic pulmonary resistance (RL), and a transient decrease in dynamic lung compliance (dyn CL). PVR,dyn CL and platelet aggregation after collagen infusions were unaffected by bilateral cervical vagotomy and atropinization, wheras these procedures reduced the post-infusion rise in RL by about 50 per cent. The administration of indomethacin inhibited platelet aggregation as well as bronchoconstriction after collagen infusion. The present investigation indicates that intravascular platelet aggregation will cause reflex bronchoconstriction mediated by vagal efferent fibres.

Vaage J

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B, Microbiology

5844

Some factors influencing the haemolysis of Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Strain-dependent variations in the ability of Bordetella bronchiseptica to produce haemolysis on solid media exist. Haemolysis is strongest at an acid reaction and will not take place if the reaction is too alkaline. Peptone and glutamine inhibit haemolysis and favour growth. The vigorous growth rapidly produced an alkaline reaction which inhibits the haemolysis.

Pedersen K B

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Zeitschrift fur Erkrankungen der Atmungsorgane

5823

[Bacteriological examinations of bronchial secretion in children with non-specific bronchopulmonary disease (author's transl)].

One thousand specimens of bronchial secretion from children with non-specific respiratory diseases have been examined bacteriologically. In spite of the complex nature of acute and especially of chronic respiratory disease the role of bacterial infection should not be underestimated. Thirty per cent of the specimens were sterile. More than 20 per cent of the bacterial species isolated from bronchial secretion were pathogenic. Relatively frequent was the isolation of E. coli and of pathogenic staphylococci. Nearly 40 per cent of all isolated bacteria were alpha-haemolytic streptococci. The latter have been found more frequently in children with, than in children without bronchological alterations. The pathogenicity of alpha-haemolytic streptococci in the bronchial tree is discussed.

Hühnerbein J; Thal W; Herrmann M

1975-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift

5813

[The effects of flunitrazepam (rohypnol) on respiration (author's transl)].

The effects of flunitrazepam (0.03 mg/kg administered intravenously over a two-minute period) was investigated in 11 healthy volunteers with normal pulmonary function. Spirometer tracings were recorded continuously by the Siregnost FD 40 and blood gas measurements were performed by the Harnoncourt AVL gas analyzer. Flunitrazepam produced a characteristic cyclical hypoventilation/hyperventilation pattern lasting 15 min., followed by quiet sleeping rhythms. The duration of action was 20 min. There was a significant fall in PCO2, whilst the CO2 tension showed a significant rise. Changes in pH were in accordance with respiratory acidosis. Apnoea did not occur after the administration of flunitrazepam.

Benke A; Balogh A; Reich-Hilscher B

1975-17-10

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Scandinavian journal of respiratory diseases

5773

Serological types of Diplococcus pneumoniae isolated from the respiratory tract of children with cystic fibrosis and children with other diseases.

The distribution of serological types of D. pneumoniae was investigated in 40 strains isolated from 26 children with cystic fibrosis and 57 strains isolated from 39 children with other diseases. All strains were isolated from sputum or tracheal secretion. The strains from cystic fibrosis patients belonged to 14 different serological types, the most prevalent were 19F, 19A and 3. The strains from the other group of children belonged to 20 different serological types, the most prevalent were 23F, 19F and 11A. The differences between the two groups of patients as to the prevalences of types were small, and it is concluded that no special serological types of D. pneumoniae are associated with cystic fibrosis.

Hoiby N; Hoff G E; Jensen K; Lund E

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Respiration physiology

5764

Cardiac and skeletal muscle acid-base composition during metabolic acidosis in dogs.

Nephrectomized, open chested dogs were infused with 25-30 ml.kg(-1) body weight of 0.15 M NaCl (group I), 0.15 MHCl (Group II) or 0.3 M lactic acid (Group) III). Pulmonary ventilation was maintained constant in the three groups. Intracellular pH was calculated with the CO2 method. No significant intracellular or extracellular acid-base changes were produced in Group I. A similar degree of extracellular acidosis was achieved in Groups II and III. In spite of constant arterial PCO2, the PCO2 of mixed, coronary sinus and femoral vanous blood increased moderately after the infusion in Groups II and III. It was calculated that less than half of the HCl acid infused remained in the extracellular space. However, no significant changes were observed in the acid-base composition of skeletal muscle in either Group II or III. Comparison of the cardiac muscle cell acid-base composition of Group I with that of Groups II and III whows that metabolic acidosis of the degree and duration produced in these experiments does not produce appreciable myocardial acidosis.

Gonzalez N C; Kelling E C; Strome D R; Clancy R L

1976-01-02

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Metabolism: clinical and experimental

5648

Defective lipid disposal mechanisms during bacterial infection in rhesus monkeys.

Mechanisms producing hypertriglyceridemia during bacterial sepsis have not been well defined. In this study lipid disposal mechanisms were assessed in 76 infected and 19 control male rhesus monkeys by the ability to dispose of triglycerides after: (1) oral lipid loading; (2) intravenous lipid loading; and (3) by lipolytic enzyme activity tests as measured by postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA). Studies were performed both before and 48 hr after intravenous inoculation with either Salmonella typhimurium or Diplococcus pneumoniae when illness was uniformly severe and fasting serum triglyceride elevations were increased maximally. S. typhimurium-infected monkeys demonstrated significant fasting hypertriglyceridemia (p is less than 0.001), reduced clearance of orally and intravenously administered lipid and markedly reduced PHLA. During this gram-negative sepsis, mild lethargy, slight diarrhea, and a 2% mortality were observed. During D. pneumoniae sepsis, average fasting triglyceride concentrations were slightly, but not significantly elevated. While oral lipid clearance was impaired, intravenous lipid clearance was unimpaired, and PHLA was slightly reduced. Marked lethargy, agitation, and a 20% mortality were present during this gram-positive infection. Results of this study support the concept that an impairment of lipid disposal mechanisms, particularly during gram-negative sepsis with S. typhimurium, may significantly contribute to the observed hypertriglyceridemia.

Kaufmann R L; Matson C F; Rowberg A H; Beisel W R

1976-01-06

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

5634

The effects of dopamine and isoproterenol on the pulmonary circulation.

Dopamine and isoproterenol, although used primarily for their inotropic effects, are also potent vasoactive substances. To determine their effects on the pulmonary circulation, we cannulated the left lower lobe bronchus in 20 dogs to permit ventilation with either air or a mixture of 95% nitrogen and 5% carbon dioxide; systemic oxygenation was maintained by venitlating the right lung with 95% oxygen. The lobe was perfused at a controlled flow rate and left atrial pressure was held constant. Hypoxic ventilation increased the lobar vascular resistance by 52% (p less than 0.001). Dopamine infusion (20 mcg. per kilogram per minute) during air ventilation also increased lobar vascular resistance by 50% (p less than 0.001). During hypoxic ventilation, dopamine increased the resistance by an additional 19% (p less than 0.001). In contrast, isoproterenol (0.2 mcg. per kilogram per minute) abolished the hypoxic pressor response (p less than 0.001). Combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade did not alter hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction, whereas phentolamine blocked the dopamine response and propranolol abolished the isoproterenol-induced vasodilation. These results indicate the following: (1) The hypoxic pressor response is independent of sympathetic innervation; (2) dopamine in dogs is a pulmonary vasoconstrictor; and (3) isoproterenol is a pulmonary vasodilator. If these findings can be extrapolated to man, isoproterenol may be the preferred inotropic agent in patients with an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.

Mentzer R M; Alegre C A; Nolan S P

1976-01-06

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Kardiologiia

5623

[Treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency in cardiac surgery].

An analysis of the main causes of acute respiratory insufficiency as a frequently observed and severe complication of the early postoperative period after open-heart surgery is presented. To permit differentiated employment of respiratory resuscitation measures, subcompensated and decompensated forms of acute postoperative respiratory insufficiency were distinguished on the basis of clinical and laboratory data. The most efficient methods of treatment of this complication are described, including the employment of helium, ultrasonic inhalator, therapeutic intubation, bronchoscopy, long-term automated artificial pulmonary ventilation. A combined employment of the modified methods of respiratory resuscitation permitted to improve the course of acute respiratory insufficiency and to reduce the mortality nearly three-fold.

Korolev B A; Shmerel'son M B; Safonova A D; Dobrotin S S; Shubin B V

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Japanese journal of antibiotics

5619

[Gentamicin-susceptibility of various pathogens isolated from clinical materials].

We studied on the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials mainly isolated during 1974 and 1975, comparing with other antibiotics. Beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci are less susceptible to gentamicin than staphylococci. Staph, aureus and Staph. epidermidis resistant to various antibiotics are very susceptible to gentamicin, and no resistant strain to this drug was found. Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus are very susceptible to gentamicin, and there is no resistant strain to this drug. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Serratia and five species of Proteus are more susceptible to gentamicin and tobramycin than dibekacin and amikacin. A few resistant or less susceptible strains to gentamicin are found in E. coli, Citrobacerr, Serratia, Pr. morganii and Pr. rettgeri. Pr. inconstans is less susceptible to gentamicin than other species of Proteus. Antibacterial activity of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is very strong, but dibekacin and tobramycin are stronger. Gentamicin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are now rather few.

Kosakai N; Oguri T

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of experimental biology

5570

Acid-base balance in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) subjected to acid stresses.

1. The respiratory properties of rainbow-trout blood were investigated in acid-stressed fish. In the first group acid was introduced into the bloodstream and in the second the carbon dioxide content of the ambient water was increased. 2. Initially the introduction of acid to the blood caused a decrease in blood pH and bicarbonate, and increases in oxygen uptake and ventilation volume. After 2-3 h these values had returned to the control levels. 3. Trout subjected to high ambient CO2 (about 10 mmHg) showed a decrease in blood pH while PCO2 and bicarbonate increased. After 8 h the trout began to show signs of compensation to the acidosis. 4. In each experiment the blood PO2 was little changed but blood O2 content was decreased and tended not to resume the control value even after several hours. 5. The results are discussed in terms of the various acid-base mechanisms thought to be available to the fish. These include branchial ion exchanges and the possible buffering roles of the extracellular and intracellular fluids.

Eddy F B

1976-01-02

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Journal of clinical pathology

5466

Use of Counter and rocket immunoelectrophoresis in acute respiratory infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The use of Counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) for the detection of pneumococcal capsular antigen in the sputum and serum of patients suffering from acute respiratory infections is described. The CIE of sputum gave positive results in 224 (99%) out of 225 samples in which Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated by cultural techniques, and in 23 (9%) out of 262 samples in which no or other potential pathogens had been isolated. In the detection of capsular antigen in serum, CIE was positive in 32 (35%) out of 92 pneumonia cases and was associated with an increase in mortality.

Spencer R C; Savage M A

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Infection and immunity

5376

Partial purification and properties of Enterobacter cloacae heat-stable enterotoxin.

Cell free preparations of the whole-cell lysate and ultrafiltration (UF) fractions of broth cultures of a strain of Enterobacter cloacae, isolated from a Puerto Rican with tropical sprue, were assayed for their ability to induce in vivo net water secretion in the rat jejunum. The whole-cell lysate and UM-10 retentate of broth cultures were inactive. The UM-2 retentate and filtrate were active at a concentration of 100 mug/ml or more; the toxigenic activity was entirely retained, and increased to 1 mug/ml, by a UM-05 membrane; washing this retentate yielded a fraction with an activity of 10 ng/ml. Stationary aerobic culture conditions yielded the most active UF fractions when ammonium sulfate was used as the precipitating agent, whereas anaerobic culture conditions produced the most active fractions in broth cultures precipitated by acetone. Passage of the active acetone-precipitated UF fractions through a Sephadex G-25 column yielded eluate pools with enhanced toxigenic activity in, or adjacent to, the void volume, but maximum activity of the ammonium sulfate-precipitated UM-05 retentate eluated at a Kav of 0.38 to 0.52. Neither of the most active gel filtration elution fractions of the UM-05 retentates contained detectable carbohydrate, suggesting that the toxin is not associated with endotoxin. Toxigenic activity was unaltered by exposure to a temperature of 100C for 30 min, lowering the pH to 1, or incubation with either Pronase or trypsin. These observations indicate that the strain of E. cloacae under study elaborates a heat-stable enterotoxin htat has approximately the same molecular weight and shares many of the characteristics of the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by some strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klipstein F A; Engert R F

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Infection and immunity

5373

Biological properties of an immunogenic pneumococcal subcellular preparation.

A subcellular fraction, designated PSP-3R, prepared from rough, type 3R Streptococcus pneumoniae is described, which affords excellent protection to mice against challenge with smooth organisms of the homologous serotype 3S and significant protection against heterologous challenge with serotypes 1S and 2S. Adjuvant enhances the protective capacity of the vaccine but is not necessary for immunogenicity. Protection induced by PSP-3R can be passively transferred tp normal mice with serum from actively immunized animals. The protective capacity can be completely absorbed out with rough or smooth type 3 organisms but not with rough type 1R or 2R cells. PSP-3R immune serum was tested in a passive hemagglutination assay against type 3 capsular polysaccharide-coated erythrocytes and found to have no detectable anticapsular antibody. The possible identity of the immunogen (s) in the vaccine is discussed.

Thompson H C; Eisenstein T K

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

5257

The absorption, distribution, and excretion in mice of a quinolinemethanol antimalarial, 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-3-(N-t-butylamino)propyl)quinoline phosphate (WR 184,806).

Approximately 75% of the radioactivity derived from WR 184806-14C was excreted in the feces with the remainder in the urine after po administration. At least 77-85% of the dose was absorbed by 2-8 hr; lungs, liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys, small intestine (less contents) and residual carcass were major sites of deposition of total radioactivity. Within these tissues the radioactivity present was predominantly as WR 184,806 rather than its metabolites. Peak blood plasma levels of WR 184,806 occurred at 2-4 and 7-10 hr. The peak erythrocyte level of WR 184,806 occurred at 6 hr. The presence in the urine and feces of unchanged WR 184,806 was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and inverse isotope dilution.

Grindel J M; Rozman R S; Leahy D M; Molek N A; Gillum H H

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

5255

Binding of radioactivity from (14C)thiourea to rat lung protein.

Binding of radioactivity from [14C]thiourea (TU) to rat lung protein was found to occur in vitro. Two binding sites are present. One possesses low affinity/high capacity while the other is characterized by high affinity/low capacity. In vitro binding of [14C]TU to lung protein can be antagonized by the presence of either unlabeled congeners (alpha-napthylthiourea or phenylthiourea) or thiol-containing compounds (cysteine, reduced glutathione). Conversely, depletion of lung-reduced glutathione by means of diethyl maleate administration results in elevated protein binding. Prior administration (24 hr) of a sublethal dose of TU (which renders tolerance to a subsequent lethal dose in vivo) results in a decrease in in vitro binding of radioactivity from [14C)TU to lung protein. In addition, immature rats, which are less sensitive to the edematogenic effect of TU, bind less radioactivity from [14C]TU to lung protein when the drug is administered in vivo. These results suggest a correlation between [14C]TU binding to lung protein and the pathophysiological effect of the drug in the lung.

Hollinger M A; Giri S N; Hwang F

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Chest

5251

Effect of beta-adrenergic agonists aerosolized by freon propellant on tracheal mucous velocity and cardiac output.

The present study was designed to assess the effects of two beta-adrenergic agonists, isoproterenol sulfate and carbuterol hydrochloride, and aerosolized Freon propellant (a mixture of Freon II, Freon 12, and Freon 114) on tracheal mucous velocity and cardiac output in anesthetized dogs. Five groups of ten animals each received the following dosages of aerosols: Freon, 20 puffs; isoproterenol, four puffs; carbuterol, four puffs; isoproterenol, 20 puffs; and carbuterol, 20 puffs. The puff was delivered by a standard metered aerosol; each puff of isoproterenol spray contained 75 mug of isoproterenol sulfate, and each puff of carbuterol spray contained 100 mug of carbuterol hydrochloride. Tracheal mucous velocity was not changed by receiving Freon, but administration of both isoproterenol and carbuterol caused a significant increase in this measurement, with peak increases ranging from 74 to 111 percent above control values. The duration of action for four and 20 puffs of isoproterenol and for four puffs of carbuterol was two hours. Twenty puffs of carbuterol increased tracheal mucous velocity for three hours. Administration of carbuterol effected a slightly larger increase in cardiac output than isoproterenol. The duration of action for the increased cardiac output was shorter than the duration of action for the increased tracheal mucous velocity. These studies indicate that beta-adrenergic agonists may have an important role in improving mucous transport in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in whom mucociliary clearance is depressed.

Sackner M A; Epstein S; Wanner A

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Annals of thoracic surgery

5063

Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) as a pulmonary lesion in humans.

Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm, has been identified in the pulmonary granulomas of 5 patients from the greater Charleston area; this is the largest series of such cases from one medical center. The patients had no pulmonary symptoms. On roentgenogram the lesions were all about 2 cm in size, of uniform light opacity, and located near the pleural surface. Thoractomy was performed in each instance because of the possiblity of carcinoma. The association of granuloma formation, pulmonary infarct, and eosinophilic infiltration led to the suspicion of dirofilaria, which was confirmed in each case.

Prioleau W H; Parker E F; Bradham R R; Gregorie H B

1976-01-05

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Annals of thoracic surgery

5062

Revascularization of the heart through the coronary veins.

Fifty-six dogs were used in a study to evaluate perfusion of the left anterior descending vein by the internal mammary artery in hearts with normal coronary arteries and those with ligated desending coronary arteries. Perfusion of the myocardium with arterial blood through the cardiac veins offers minimal immediate protection from infarction, as evidenced by light and electron microscopy studies. This protection is of short duration due to intimal fibrosis and luminal stenosis or obstruction of the perfused veins. Nineteen animals in which the coronary vein was perfused and the corresponding coronary artery was not ligated died within sixty hours from the time of operation. Pathological examination revealed patent grafts in all the animals. There was marked congestion of the myocardium with petechial hemorrhages over the surface of the heart. No evidence of myocardial infarction was found.

Zajtchuk R; Heydorn W H; Miller J G; Strevey T E; Treasure R L

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annals of surgery

5061

Effect of alpha and beta adrenergic blockade on epinephrine induced pulmonary insufficiency.

Recent studies demonstrated that epinephrine causes significant pulmonary A-V shunting. This study reports the effect of alpha and beta adrenergic blockade on this shunting. Sixty-three anesthetized mongrel dogs were ventilated with a mechanical respirator. Measurements of (1) the pulmonary shunt, (2) cardiac output, (3) mean pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary wedge and systemic pressures, and (4) pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances were obtained at 5, 15 and 30 minute intervals during the first hour and hourly for 5 hours. Fifteen dogs received no treatment. All others received epinephrine hydrochloride, 2 mug/kg/min for 5 hours. Ten received epinephrine only. Ten were pretreated with propranolol hydrochloride, 250 mug/kg, 12 with phenoxybenzamine, 1 mg/kg, and 16 with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. Propranolol significantly decreased the epinephrine induced pulmonary shunt at all times and was the most effective drug. Phenoxybenzamine decreased the early shunting, but less than propranolol, and did not decrease the late shunting. Blockade with propranolol and phenoxybenzamine was less effective than propranolol alone. Based on the observed hemodynamic changes it was suggested that beta blockade is effective in reducing epinephrine induced pulmonary insufficiency by favorably altering the flow and distribution of pulmonary blood flow which in turn decreases epinephrine induced ventilation-perfusion inequalities and capillary hypertension both of which result in shunting. Conversely phenoxybenzamine has an unfavorable effect on the pulmonary flow. These studies support previous work in animals and man which showed that beta adrenergic stimulation is important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary insufficiency. Because the amounts of epinephrine used produce blood levels observed in critical illness, these studies add support to a relationship between the increased catecholamine stimulation of critical illness and the associated and often unexplained pulmonary insufficiency.

Berk J L; Hagen J F; Koo R

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

5052

Susceptibility of pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae to antibacterial agents.

Strains of Diplococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were tested for susceptibility to numerous antibiotics by a twofold agar dilution method using an inocula replicator. Undiluted, fully grown broth cultures were used as inocula for both species, and cultures of pneumococci diluted 1:1,000 were also tested. The antibiotics included most of those in common use in the United States as well as some chemical modifications recently approved and others that are under investigation. The most striking aspect of the results was the marked susceptibility of the pneumococci to all the antibiotics tested except the polymyxins and most of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, although some new aminoglycosides were active in quite low concentrations. Some of the strains of pneumococci were of decreased susceptibility to penicillin G (minimal inhibitory concentrations, 0.2 to 0.4 mug/ml), but none were tetracycline resistant, although such strains had been reported previously from this laboratory. The strains of H. influenzae, which were all serologically nontypable, exhibited different patterns of susceptibility to the groups of antibiotics and to the individual chemically related ones. None of these strains (isolated early in 1972) were ampicillin resistant. The most active agents against H. influenzae were: carbenicillin and ampicillin, analogues related to each of them, rifampin, chloramphenicol, and the polymyxins. However, the tetracycline analogues other than tetracycline, some aminoglycosides, notably tobramycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and verdamicin, erythromycin, and some new lincomycin analogues were also active in low concentrations. Trimethoprim alone was highly active, and in combination with sulfamethoxazole it was even more active and synergistic against strains of both D. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.

Finland M; Garner C; Wilcox C; Sabath L D

1976-01-02

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology

5039

Immunology and microbiology in acute otitis media.

Various immunological parameters were measured in serum, middle ear fluid (MEF), and lymphocytes from peripheral blood and MEF of infants with acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. Approximately half of 131 patients had IgE specific antibody to the infecting bacterium as determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique. Seventy-one percent of these IgE positive patients had IgE specific antibody in the MEF. Total IgE concentration was found to be from an average of 1.5 to 3.0 times higher in the MEF when compared to the simultaneously drawn serum. In addition, antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides and to pneumococcal C-carbohydrate was demonstrated in the MEF by radioimmunoassay. When MEF specific antibody was compared to serum antibody it appeared that antibody to C-carbohydrate was more concentrated in the MEF. That this antibody was of the IgE class was suggested by IFA but not conclusively proven. Evidence exists that conditions for enhanced IgE synthesis is concomitantly associated with a decrease in T-cell activity. T-cell function in MEF derived lymphocytes as determined by rosette formation and by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation was approximately one-tenth that of the peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, that T-cells may participate in the immune response to polysaccharides was suggested by the observation that polysaccharide stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from infants immunized with octavalent pneumococcal capsular vaccine underwent protein synthesis two to three times that of the PHA stimulated cells. The clinical significance of this finding as well as the nature of the cell responsible for the increased protein synthesis remains to be established. It is hypothesized that acute otitis media results from local synthesis of bacteria specific IgE antibody which is enhanced by a paucity of local T-cell activity.

Sloyer J L; Ploussard J H; Howie V M

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5028

[Hemodynamic study of dopamine used in chronic heart failures and in cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute myocardial infarct].

The object of this study is to examine the properties of dopamine at the hemodynamic and renal level in 16 patients with decompensated chronic cardiopathies or very serious cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction. The results show an increase in the cardiac index in 75 p. 100 of the cases with a favourable diminution of the arterio-venous difference in O2 and of the pulmonary arterial resistances. The most noticeable and the most constant effect is the recovery and increase of the diuresis. Positive chronotropic and bathmotropic effects were observed which necessitated the limitation of prescription of dopamine in those subjects showing signs of disturbances in ventricular excitability.

Flammang D; Sebastien P; Bouvrain Y

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5022

[The utilization of EB 51 in parenteral feeding. Clinical, biological and anatomopathological control. Statistical study on 30 patients].

Two groups of patients (comas of central origin and serious digestive undernourished) were submitted to an exclusive or a supplementary parenteral feeding for a short or a long period of time totaling over 500 days. The catheter was placed (in 80 p. cent of the cases) in a deep vein and was tunnellized. EB 51 (Trivemil) used in those 30 patients gives amino-acids, lipids and glucides. The caloric intake was completed by 30 p. cent glucose solutes. If the average caloric intake was 3.000 calories per day, it was often above that figure since the feeding was combined with a nutri-pump enteral feeding for 60 p. cent of the days. The clinical tolerance was quite good. On a biological level, in addition to classic investigations, 40 analytic graphic records of lipid levels were made, as well as a quantitative analysis of serous triglycerides and lipurias, a study of sorbitol and 500 nitrogen balances combined with 150 chromatographies on the acidaminuria column. An hepatic biological control was also made (amnoniemia, transaminases) as well as a quantitative analysis of lactates, pyruvates and minerals: iron-phosphorus-magnesium. Some of the results were checked by statistical studies. No serious anomaly was detected. Lung and hepatic biopsies carried out upon 9 patients did not apparently reveal any lipidic overloading. The clinical and the biological investigation show that this complete nutriment is perfectly tolerated and assimilated.

Chabert J M; Grimaud D; Soummer A M; Chambon P; Maestracci P

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5018

[New ventilation technic in anesthesia for direct suspension laryngoscopy].

The authors bring not only the results of their experience but a solution of the respiratory problems during anaesthesia in suspension laryngoscopy, thanks to the devising of a new intubation probe and a pre-set automatic insufflator with varying volum flow.

Lenoir J L; Sabathié M; Bonnier-Grandy C; De Coninck L

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5017

[Postoperative circulatory arrest (apropos of 37 cases)].

Within five years, the authors received 37 patients who had presented a post-operative cardiac arrest. Most of them came from the Bordeaux district (from the hospital as well as the public sector) although they did not represent the totality of such accidents. The study bears first of all upon the data concerning the patients, then upon the surgical intervention, the mode of anaesthesia and ventilation, the posture and finally the treatment. In 10 cases. it was noted, as early as the admission, that the blood volume feel short of the theoretical total blood volume by one liter or more. The authors take into account how traces of previous affections, the localization in O.R.L., and, in ophthalmology, an important number of mistakes in anaesthesia, favour the progress of the genesis of the accident.

Bony D; Favarel-Garrigues J C; Castaing R

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5016

[Hemodynamic effect of enflurane in man].

The following hemodynamic parameters: cardiac frequency, peripheral arterial pressure, pulmonary pressure and cardiac output were measured by direct catheterisation, as the total peripheral vascular resistance and the systolic ejection volume were calculated from the registered results. The cardiac frequency and the pulmonary arterial pressure were practically not modified in our patients, though we have observed a statistically significant decrease of systolic (-30p. 100) and diastolic (-27p. 100) arterial pressure. The total peripheral vascular resistance shows a marked diminution (-20p. 100) after giving Ethrane? for ten minutes. If it is possible that one part, surely important, of the cardiac output, is preserved under Ethrane anesthesia by a significant decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance, a myocardial depression might be questionned, the decrease of cardiac output at 30 minutes being more important than the decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance.

Rifat K; Droguet J

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5015

[Clinical evaluation of the new anesthetic "Ethrane"].

Seventy-four patients aged 14 months to 71 years, classified as ASA I and II were anesthetised with Ethrane for surgical interventions of mean duration 117 minutes. With the exception of 5 patients who were directly anesthetised with Ethrane, the others received Ethrane after induction with Penthiobarbitone. Maintenance of anesthesia was ensured with 1 to 4p. 100 concentrations of Ethrane and 33p. 100 oxygen and 66p. 100 nitrous oxide. Tracheal intubation was facilitated by injection of 1 mg/kg of succinylcholine. Induction with enflurane is rapid with no phenomena of excitation or irritation of the ear passages. The cardiovascular apparatus is stable with no arrythmia but an increase in heart rate of 11 to 50p. 100 is noted and in 41p. 100 of the cases hypotension of 35p. 100 of the intitial value. During spontaneous ventilation, a type of rapid and superficial respiration is observed with a flow volume of 5.3 ml/kg for an average frequency of 25/min. The arterial blood gases show slight hypercapnia. Myorelaxation is significant and better than that obtained with halothane. Coming round poses few problems apart from agitation in adolescents. Response to simple orders appears at 13 minutes. Trembling and rigidity occur in 41p. 100 of the cases for 5 to 30 minutes. From the hepatic point of view, no lastin enzyme changes were noted and no renal toxicity was demonstrated. Ethrane appears to be a good anesthetic agent but the few advantages mentioned means that it does not fulfil ideal conditions.

Daurelle M T; Soliman M G; Brindle G F

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise

5014

[Physico-chemical characteristics, absorption and elimination kinetics and technics of use of enflurane].

Physical-chemical properties, uptake und elemination of enflurane are described with particular references to halothane. The ratio potency/vapor pressure, the blood and tissues solubility of this agent provide a good flexibility of uptake and elemination in response to changes in alveolar ventilation. When used with nitrous oxide, the enflurane may provide good clinical results at inspired concentration 1-2 p. 100.

Damia G; Torri G

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Annals of allergy

4998

Effect of abdominal compression on minute ventilation of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and bronchial asthma.

The effects of manual compression of the upper lateral abdomen (C) of 73 cases of obstructive airway disease were studied in respect to the change in minute ventilation (V) 10 minutes after the procedure was performed. A mean decrease of 13% in V was found in the majority of 15 cases of bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis and 43 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The use of manual compression as a therapeutic measure depends largely on the abrupt reduction of lung volume in cases of obstructive airway disease in which over-inflation of the lung is present as an acute or chronic disorder. The degree and duration of clinical benefit, i.e., relief of dyspnea, depends on such factors as the volume of air trapped in the lungs, broncho-constriction through pathologic change or bronchospasm and impairment of elastic recoil of the pulmonary parenchyma. The lowered V recorded 10 minutes after C is performed suggests that decrease in dyspnea is associated with enhanced efficiency of ventilation in some subjects with obstructive airway disease, including those with bronchial asthma as well as COLD. A brief description is presented of 10 patients with COLD in whom manual compression and other features of a rehabilitation program were employed. Mean length of life of five living subjects is 12.6 years after beginning of therapy. The mean length of life of five who died was 10.2 years after beginning of treatment.

Barach A L

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Der Anaesthesist

4989

[The influence of PaCO2 on oxygen consumption during extracorporeal circulation in hypothermia (author's transl)].

Hypocapnia during extracorporeal circulation in hypothermia increases oxygen consumption. Po2 in mixed venous blood decreases. This probably reflects a decrease in tissue oxygen tension. Hyperventilation will therefore increase the risk of hypoxia in critically perfused tissues. Therefore we recommend to keep PaCO2 (T) constant at 40 mm Hg during hypothermia.

Kreienbühl G; Gattiker R

1976-01-02

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The American journal of physiology

4977

Electromyographic response of respiratory muscles during elastic loading.

The response of respiratory motor neurons to graded elastic loading was assessed in anesthetized dogs by recording the electromyogram (EMG) from the diaphragm (ED) and the intercostal muscle (EIC). Elastic loads were applied for 1-20 breaths. The effects of changes in PCO2 on respiratory motor neuron output was assessed by applying loads during the course of CO2 rebreathing. On the first loaded breath, ED and EIC increased reflexly due chiefly to prolongation of inspiration. Vagotomy or vagal cooling to block the Hering-Breuer reflex eliminated the increase in ED and diminished the increase in EIC. During the second to fifth breath, the level of EMG activity was disproportionately high for the level of PCO2, suggesting an additional reflex component over and above the reflex activity present on the first loaded breath.

Kelsen S G; Altose M D; Stanley N N; Levinson R S; Cherniack N S; Fishman A P

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The American journal of physiology

4976

Importance of pulmonary ventilation in respiratory control in the bullfrog.

Pulmonary and cutaneous O2 consumption (Vo2) and CO2 production (Vco2) were measured simultaneously in bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana at 20 degrees C. The lungs were responsible for 77.3-91.0% of the total Vo2 and 28.5-74.9% of the total VCO2. The distribution of the total exchange between the lungs and skin depended on metabolic rate; frogs with higher rates relied more heavily on the pulmonary mode for both Vo2 and Vco2. When prevented from ventilating their lungs in an O2-rich environment, bullfrogs developed severe respiratory acidosis, demonstrating the importance of lung exchange in normal acid-base balance. When frogs were totally submerged in an O2-saturated medium, skin Vco2 increased linearly to a steady-state value which approximated the preapneic total Vco2. In these same animals, arterial Pco2 increased proportionately to the increase in skin Vco2, indicating that skin diffusion capacity for CO2 was unaffected. We conclude that the control of breathing in the bullfrog in response to changes in metabolic rate relies predominantly on changes in lung ventilation while the skin plays a more passive role.

Gottlieb G; Jackson D C

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The American journal of physiology

4974

Ventilatory response to hypercapnia in the larger spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus stellaris.

Dogfish were exposed to sudden changes of Pco2 in inspired seawater. During hypercapnia breathing frequency remained constant, but gill ventilation was transiently increased to about 140% of control levels in the 1st h. O2 uptake was significantly increased also, but returned to the initial level before nomalization of gill ventilation. In contrast to the transient rise in gill ventilation and O2 uptake, arterial Po2 was increased for the whole period of hypercapnia. Hypercapnia results in a marked fall in pHa which returned to the initial value in 4-5 h even though hypercapnia is maintained. This rise in pHa with little change in PaCO2 was associated with an increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration. The increase of plasma bicarbonate was in part due to compensatory bicarbonate uptake from the seawater across the gills and in part was effected by transfer between intracellular tissue compartments and extracellular spaces. The compensatory bicarbonate exchange mechanism in the gills seems to have a delay both after onset and termination of hypercapnia.

Randall D J; Heisler N; Drees F

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Allergologia et immunopathologia

4969

Experiments on the role of virus infections in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. The role of innate or acquired insufficiency or ergotropic adaptation in the mechanism of genesis of bronchial asthma.

The wide mosaic of congruent clinical and experimental observations led to the postulation that the cause of the pharmacological abnormality of the asthmatic patient, i.e. the immensely increased reactivity of the bronchial smooth muscles, is to be sought in an insufficiency of the beta-adrenergic receptor system. It is to be assumed that the so-called asthma diatheses is based inter alia on a genetically determined defect of the adenyl cyclase system. The role of previous infections of the respiratory tract in asthmagenesis should lie--following this working theory--not in a sensitization in the sense of an allergic reaction of the immediate type, but in the formation of a defective beta-adrenergic substance or in a blockade of the beta-receptor. A genetically determined innate defect of the beta-adrenergic receptors, or a defect acquired through infections of the respiratory tract, is hence likely to be the cause of the pathologically potentiated reactivity of the bronchia. It is likely that the infective stimuli--quite apart from this preparatory role--are later capable of triggering asthmatic paroxysms when the vegetative homeostasis is impaired. We know from the experiments of many authors that a blockade of the beta-receptors produced by chemical blocker substances, or by pertussis vaccine or various bacterial substances, results in a significant increase in bronchial reactivity towards histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and other stimuli. We have shown in our experiments that heat-inactivated adeno viruses and influenza viruses also increase the anaphylactic shock reactivity and the histamine reactivity of the organism. On the basis of this working hypothesis, the pathomechanism of the asthmatic process is as follows in individual asthma forms: 1) In the 'purely" allergic asthma form, the antigen-antibody reaction that occurs after sensitization (i.e. formation of skin-sensitizing allergic antibodies of the class IgE) results in re-formation and release of slow-reacting-substances. spasm of the bronchial muscles, asthmatic paroxysm. The expulsion of catecholamines that follows the release of slow-reacting-substances makes a decisive contribution to the reestablishment of the impaired homeostatic balance. It is to be assumed that this form of asthma both symptomatically and causally--using specific desensitization--can be influenced more easily than other forms of asthma with a more complicated pathogenic background. 2) In the second allergically determined form of asthma, we are confronted by the genetically fixed or acquired insufficiency of the beta-receptors in addition to the immunological mechanism. As a result of the innate or acquired blockade of the beta-receptive substance, or the relative dominance of the alpha-receptors, the catecholamines (that physiologically serve to maintain homeostasis) contribute to a protraction, intensification and perpetuation of the bronchial obstruction. In this way the asthmatic circulus vitiosus is complete...

Filipp G

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Acta neurochirurgica

4958

[Energy state of the cerebral cortex of the cat during hyperventilation (author's transl)].

Average Po2 and Pco2, local blood flow and pH values in the cerebral cortex of the cat were measured during passive hyperventilation (arterial Pco2 below 19 mm Hg). At defined intervals tissue samples were taken for metabolite analysis. The object of the study was to correlate the data obtained on the brain surface with metabolic responses. Immediately after the start of hyperventilation blood flow decreased, average cortical tissue pressures of O2 and CO2 fell, and there was a simultaneous rise in cortical pH. At a later stage in the experiment the local blood supply reverted to its resting level. Despite a fivefold rise in tissue lactate level during hyperventilation and a decrease in local O2 pressure on the brain surface to 5-10 mm Hg the degree of phosphorylation of energy rich phosphates was not less than under normal conditions of oxygenation. Our investigations showed no evidence of energy lack in cerebral cortex cells during hyperventilation. Cellular hypoxia and its characteristics are defined. The possible causes of raised tissue lactate levels during hyperventilation despite the lack of evidence of cellular hypoxia are discussed.

Dweidner A; Betz E; Hohorst H J; Pickerodt V

1975-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica

4950

Treatment of comatose patients by mechanical hyperventilation.

In case of cranial trauma, early respiratory troubles either of central or peripheral origin often accelerate the deterioration of the neurological situation. The different values of PCO2, PO2, pH and alcaline reserve measured on samples of CSF in comatose patients prove the central acidosis related to metabolic and vascular disorders in the damaged areas. Our results confirm the correlation between the importance of this disturbances and the severity of the trauma. It is thus necessary to insure patients of satisfactory respiration conditions. The tracheobronchial cleansing is applicable to intubated or tracheotomized patients by an instillation of 5ml of simple or bicarbonated physiological serum 4 to 6 times a day, followed by repeated aspirations and associated to a preventive endotracheal instillation of 80 mg of Gentamycin 4 times a day. Moreover we use controlled respiration which does not modify the gazometric parameters in the CSF but which assures patients a normoxia and moderate hypocapnia with a decrease of intracranial hypertension. Treatment by controlled hyperventilation must be precocious, because the recuperation at the level of the damaged zones is very slow.

Mouawad E; Van Laere E; Smets P

1975-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952)

4939

[The relationship between the state of the pulmonary circulation and indices of cerebral gas exchange in patients with acquired heart defects].

The author studied the state of hemeostasis in normals and in patients with acquired heart insufficiency. By means of bloody methods of triple probe samples of the blood inflow and outflow from the brain, and by biochemical methods they also studied 22 normals and 100 patients with acquired heart insufficiency for interrelations between the gas metabolism indices and acid-base equilibrium of the central pulmonary hemodynamics. As a results it was established that the brain blood flux in patients with acquired heart insufficiency in different degrees of pulmonary hypertension is adequate to the metabolic requirement of the brain in oxygen and corresponds to identical indices in normals. There was no relation between the state of pulmonary circulation and brain circulation.

Gebel' G Ia; Dasaev A N; Zybin O Kh; Chestukhin V V; Mikheeva E V

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Problemy medycyny wieku rozwojowego

4787

[Congenital heart malformations in neonates, infants and young children (author's transl)].

Congenital heart malformations in neonates, infants and young children represent the main problem of paediatric cardiology in Poland. Congenital cardiovascular diseases (incidence also approximately 8 per 1000 in liveborn infants) cause very high mortality, particularly in the neonatal and infantile period. Approximately 5000 live-born children are affected every year by serious heart malformations. For at least two thirds of these previously hopelessly ill infants there are real possibilities of effective medical and surgical treatment. Not only a considerable drop in mortality in the earliest infancy would be achieved, but: a further normal physical and psychical growth and development of these children would be possible. At present, however, the available possibilities are by far not sufficient, as in all hitherto functioning centres we were able to manage 200-300 children yearly, whereas the real needs are at leasttenfold greater. Therefore it is necessary to: Increase the number and capacity of hospital wards capable enough to provide the intensive cardiopulmonary care; to execute appropriate reorganization aimed to concentrating the appropriate specialists (pediatric cardiologists, radiologists, surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses) and equipment (cardiological and cardiosurgical appliances, X-ray equipment, intensive care units etc.) in centres designated for the above tasks. At least 7 paediatric intensive care and cardiosurgical centres should be instituted in Poland for a satisfactory management of congenital heart diseases.

Swiderski J

1975-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Practitioner

4785

Intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in seasonal rhinitis in general practice.

Thirty-five patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were treated in a double-blind comparative trial in and East London Group Practice with either beclomethasone dipropionate (50 micrograms in each nostril four times a day) or a placebo aerosol preparation identical in appearance. There was a statistically significant difference in favour of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate (P less than 0-05).

Blair H; Butler A G

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Postgraduate medicine

4780

Pharmacologic therapy of asthma.

Asthma is treated by avoiding the precipitants of symptoms, by a trial of hyposensitization (immunotherapy) if the precipitant cannot be avoided, and principally by pharmacologic therapy. Acute attacks have been most widely treated with epinephrine, but adrenergic aerosol bronchodilators and aminophylline are being used increasingly. When an acute attack of asthma does not respond to treatment, a diagnosis of status asthmaticus should be considered and the patient treated in a hospital intensive care unit because of the potentially life-threatening sequela of respiratory failure. Periodic mild episodes of asthma usually respond to administration of an oral bronchodilator. Chronic low-grade asthma is best treated with an around-the-clock regimen of theophylline. Patients whose asthma is not under satisfactory control with conventional bronchodilators may be given a trial of cromolyn sodium. Chronic severe cases may be treated with corticosteroids, but these drugs must be skillfully administered to avoid adverse effects.

Ellis E F

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Lipids

4689

Sterol synthesis in the liver, intestine, and lung of the guinea pig.

The relative rates of sterol synthesis in the liver, ileum, and lung of the guinea pig have been studied by measuring the incorporation by tissue slices of 14C-labeled acetate into digitonin-precipitable sterols. The liver showed maximum incorporation of acetate at pH 6.5, the ileum at pH 7.5, and the lung at pH 6.0. The incorporation of acetate approached the maximum rate at a concentration of 10 mM with the liver and lung and 5 mM with the ileum. Using these conditions of assay, sterol synthesis was measured in the liver, ileum, and lung of four groups of guinea pigs killed at 6-hourly intervals. Depending on the time of day, the rate of sterol synthesis in the ileum was from 6 to 14 times that in the liver, while in the lung the rate was up to 3 times that shown by the liver, Additional studies showed that all regions of the small intestine synthesized sterol at a higher rate than the liver, with the highest rate of synthesis occurring in the ileum. The rates observed in the adrenal, testis, muscle, adipose tissue, and skin indicated that these tissues are not quantitatively important sites of sterol synthesis in the guinea pig.

Turley S D; West C E; Horton B J

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Klinische Wochenschrift

4645

pH of sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis.

pH of the sweat from patients with cystic fibrosis and in controls was measured as a function of the sweat-rate using a fluorescence-pH-indicator (umbelliferone). In both populations sweat is acid at low sweat-rates and alkaline at high ones. The results do not favour an abnormality of the ductal H+-secretion as the pathomechanism of cystic fibrosis.

Nikolajek W P; Emrich H M

1976-15-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Japanese journal of pharmacology

4640

Studies on the mode of antagonism between adrenergic beta-mimetics and beta-blocking agents (II). Analysis by the uptake saturation model.

Curves of experimentally plotted log (dose ratio-1) vs.-log [B] for the antagonism between adrenergic beta-mimetics, isoproterenol (ISO) and trimetoquinol (TMQ), and various beta-antagonists in relaxation of guinea-pig trachea could not be reasonably fitted to Schild's equation which has been commonly used in the analysis of drug-antagonism. Taking into consideration the saturable uptake process of the drug used herein, the equation presented in this paper fitted fairly well to the experimental curves and explains the following results: 1, TMQ was more strongly antagonized than ISO by all the blocking agents tested, that is, the apparent modes of antagonism were different between ISO and TMQ although they are considered to interact with the same receptor site. 2, The slope of the curve for a given antagonist markedly differed between ISO and TMQ. It is hypothesized that ISO is more easily taken up than TMQ. This was experimentally confirmed: i.e., ISO was potentiated about 8 fold by inhibiting the uptake process with dibenamine while TMQ was not. By pretreatment with dibenamine, the log (dose ratio-1) vs.-log [B] curve for the ISO-propranolol antagonism was shifted upward and superimposed with the theoretical curve of antagonism in which uptake of the agonist was neglected.

Ohashi M; Iwasawa Y; Kiyomoto A

1976-01-02

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

4483

The effect of beta adrenergic blockade on bronchial sensitivity to acetyl-beta-methacholine in normal and allergic rhinitis subjects.

The effect of propranolol inhalation on sensitivity to methacholine inhalation was studied in normal and allergic rhinitis subjects to determine whether beta adrenergic blockade alters sensitivity to mediators in nonasthmatic atopic individuals. A partial beta adrenergic blockade is suggested as being instrumental in asthma. Hay fever patients studied showed similar effects and also developed asthma for the first time.

Townley R G; McGeady S; Bewtra A

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Journal of cyclic nucleotide research

4475

Effects of egg factors on cyclic nucleotide metabolism in sea urchin sperm.

Cyclic AMP in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm was elevated approximately 2-fold by theophylline or 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. Factors released from sea urchin eggs (FRE) elevated sperm cyclic AMP by about 7-fold within 1 min, and the combination of FRE with theophylline increased sperm cyclic AMP up to 100-fold within 1 min. Cyclic GMP in sea urchin sperm was slightly elevated by theophylline, but was lowered by FRE. Cyclic GMP in sperm treated with FRE plus theophylline was not higher than in sperm treated with theophylline alone. The ability of FRE-containing sea water to increase sperm cyclic AMP in the presence of theophylline was altered only slightly if at all by boiling, but it was decreased by about 50% by dialysis and destroyed by ashing. Filtration of FRE on Sephadex G-50 columns yielded two peaks of cyclic AMP-elevating activity. One peak (peak I) was eluted at the column void volume, and the other (peak II) was retained by the column. The cyclic GMP-lowering activity was located in fractions approximately corresponding to peak I of cyclic AMP-elevating activity. Dialysis of FRE-containing sea water before its application to the G-50 column virtually eliminated peak II of the cyclic AMP-elevating activity. When the cyclic AMP-elevating activity in peak I was filtered on Bio Gel A-5m columns, it also migrated at or near the column void volume. Fractions corresponding to peak I contained material that inhibited both guanylate and adenylate cyclase activities in broken cell preparations of sperm and guanylate cyclase from rat lung. The inhibitory material was stable to boiling, non-dialyzable, and destroyed by ashing. Under a variety of conditions, FRE-containing sea water or cyclic AMP-elevating peaks I or II did not stimulate sperm adenylate cyclase activity in broken cell preparations.

Garbers D L; Hardman J G

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Heart & lung : the journal of critical care

4415

Arterial blood-gas interpretations in the respiratory intensive-care unit.

The role of the nurse in the respiratory intensive-care unit requires increased sophistication as our knowledge of the patient becomes more complex. This expanded role should include a thorough understanding of disturbances in acid-base balance, the relationship of PaCO2 to ventilation, the difference in acute and chronic respiratory problems, and the causes and treatment of hypoxemia. The ability to analyze and evaluate blood-gas determinations is simply one more important tool the nurse may utilize in the care and treatment of the critically ill patient.

Robertson K J; Guzzetta C E

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Infection

4377

Cephacetrile, a new cephalosporin: in vitro, pharmacological and clinical evaluation.

Cephacetrile, a parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity, clinical pharmacology and effectiveness in the treatment of severe infections. The antibacterial activity against 187 isolates was determined by an agar-dilution technique. The MICs were 0.06 to 0.5 mug/ml for Group A Streptococcus, D. pneumoniae, and Staph. aureus, 4-6 mug/ml for E. coli and Klebsiella-Enterobacter 8-32 mug/ml for Pr. mirabilis and more than 500 mug/ml for Ps. aeruginosa. A few strains of Klebsiella and E. coli had MICs of more than 125 mcg/ml. Serum levels after 0.5 and 1 g of i.m. cephacetrile were respectively 14.6 and 18.6 mug/ml after 1 hr, and 1.5 and 2.5 mug/ml after 6 hr. Serum levels after i.v. infusion of 0.5 and 1 g were respectively 16 and 25 mug/ml after 1 hr., and 1 and 2 mug/ml after 6 hr. Urine levels after 0.5 and 1 g i.m. cephacetrile were respectively 500 and 650 mug/ml in the 0-3 hr period, and 250 and 300 mug/ml in the 3-6 hr period. Renal clearance was 166 +/- 5 ml/min/1.73 m2; renal excretion was about 20% of the dose 6 hr after i.m. injection. Cephacetrile was well tolerated when administered i.m. with lidocaine. Mild phlebitis occurred sometimes after i.v. infusions. The clinical response, evaluated in 36 patients with severe systemic, respiratory and urinary infections, was good in all but two cases.

Bals M G; Toma E

1975-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Infection and immunity

4375

Purification and properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae heat-stable enterotoxin.

The enterotoxic material in cell-free growth preparations of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 5 was purified by sequential ultrafiltration and gel filtration (GF) procedures and the fractions were assayed for enterotoxic activity by determining their ability to induce in vivo net water secretion in the rat jejunum. Whole-cell lysates were inactive. Anaerobic broth culture conditions yielded a 10-fold increase in toxin production over aerobic conditions. Enterotoxic activity was absent in the UM-10 retentate of the broth filtrate but present in both the retentate and filtrate of the UM-2 membrane. GF of the two UM-2 ultrafiltration fractions through a Sephadex G-25 column yielded an active eluate, whose potency was increased by 10- or 200-fold, in or adjacent to the void volume. When subsequently passed through a G-50 column, these pools eluted at a Kav of between 0.4 and 0.6 and were further increased in potency by two- or fivefold. A second equally potent fraction was also recovered in the void volume of the G-50 eluate of the UM-2 filtrate; this may represent a polymer. Progressive purification by GF was associated with an increased protein and decreased carbohydrate content of the most active fractions. The most active G-50 eluate of the UM-2 retentate had a minimal effective enterotoxic dose of 5 mug/ml and that of the filtrate was less than 0.1 mug/ml. Heating the active GF eluates to 100 C for 30 min did not abolish enterotoxic activity and lowering the pH to 1 or incubation with either Pronase or trypsin had no effect on activity. These observations indicate that K. pneumoniae heat-stable enterotoxin is probably a single toxin with an apparent molecular weight in the range of 5,000. The elution characteristics during GF as well as the chemical composition of the most purified enterotoxin fractions indicate that the toxin is not associated with endotoxin.

Klipstein F A; Engert R F

1976-01-02

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Experimental hematology

4334

Acute graft-versus-host reaction in mice. 3. Organ distribution of injected 51 chromium labeled lymphocytes.

The distribution of labeled lymph node cells, causing an acute GvH reaction in lethally irradiated allogeneic recipients, was studied. Lymph node cells of C57BL mice were labeled with 51Cr and injected into lethally irradiated: a) C57BL mice, b) CBA mice, c) CBA mice sensitized to C57BL antigens prior to irradiation, d) CBA mice splenectomized before irradiation. Two more experimental situations were studied in which C57BL donors of lymph node cells were: e) presensitized to CBA antigens, or f) deprived of T-lymphocytes. The amount of radioactivity was determined in the whole body, blood, liver, spleen, subcutaneous lymph nodes, lungs, femora and kidneys of the irradiated recipient at regular intervals from the time of injection to the 120th hour after it. We found that living cells lodged predominantly in the spleen and the lymph nodes, while dead and dying cells accumulated in the liver. Other organs contained very small amounts of radioactivity. All the results point to the primary role of the spleen in the acute graft-versus-host reaction.

Silobrcić V; Vitale B; Susnjić M; Tomazic V; Basić I

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Clinical radiology

4257

Radiology in Mendelson's syndrome.

Four cases of Mendelson's syndrome (acid pulmonary aspiration) are presented. They all demonstrate an acute diffuse alveolar filling pattern. This appearance is by no means specific. However, in the absence of other causes for this pattern and of evidence of left ventricular failure the radiologist may alert the clinician to the correct diagnosis. Early recognition of this syndrome will result in prompt treatment which differs significantly from that of other causes of this radiographic appearance. The differential diagnosis is discussed.

Wilkins R A; De Lacey G J; Flor R; Taylor S

1976-01-01

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Clinical nephrology

4252

Mechanism of post dialysis hyperventilation in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain postdialysis hypocapnia. Three were tested in this study: impairment of tissue oxygenation by dialysis (D)-induced alkalosis (Bohr effect), the D disequilibrium syndrome, and the loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) in D fluid. In 17 patients pre-DPCO2 was significantly correlated with plasma bicarbonate concentration (HCO3) and no disproportionate reduction of PCO2 was discernible. In 10 patients using a bath acetate concentration of 38 mEq/1 PCO2 was unchanged after D (35.4 versus 35.9 mm Hg before D), and was low relative to HCO3 whic increased from 21.2 to 28.0 mEq/1. After a dialysis using an acetate concentration of 25 mEq/1 HCO3 remained constant (20.4 versus 21.1 mEq/1 pre-D), whereas PCO2 fell from 35.3 to 30.8 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). Consequently PCO2 was again low relative to HCO3. Removal of CO2 by D fluid was excluded as a cause for low blood PCO2: addition of gaseous CO2 to the bath had no influence on arterial blood gases. Since post-D hypocapnia was not prevented when HCO3 was kept constant, it was concluded that post-D alkalosis cannot be the main reason for post-D hyperventilation, and that other factors related to the process of D are responsible.

Blumberg A; Marti H R

1976-01-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

4243

Purification and properties of human acid-thermostable ribonucleases, and diagnosis of childhood pancreatic fibrosis.

Acid-thermostable ribonucleases were isolated from human pancreas, duodenal contents, liver, spleen, serum and urine, and purified 15--1000-fold. The pH optima, ionic requirements, and some of the specificity requirements, of these enzymes were investigated. The isolated enzymes formed two distinct groups: (a) The ribonucleases of the pancreas, duodenal contents and fraction A of serum and urine exhibit a pH optimum of 8.5, are inhibited by An2+ and Cu2+, and relatively rapidly hydrolyze the synthetic substrate uridine 3'-(alpha-naphthylphosphate); (b) the ribonucleases of the liver and spleen, and of fractions B of the serum and urine, with a pH optimum of 7, are less sensitive to An2+ and Cu2+, and exhibit negligible activity versus uridine 3'-(alpha-naphthylphosphate). Determination of the serum level of pancreatic-type ribonuclease activity, with the use of uridine 3'-(alpha-naphthylphosphate) or RNA as substrates, appears to be a valid diagnostic tool for pancreatic fibrosis in children.

Bardoń A; Slerakowska H; Shugar D

1976-15-03

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Cancer

4219

Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases.

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.

Munjal D; Chawla P L; Lokich J J; Zamcheck N

1976-01-04

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}

PUBMED

Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology

4207

Pulmonary edema and ascorbic acid loss.

Loss of ascorbic acid from lung and pulmonary edema were produced in mice by intravenous injection of either adrenaline or noradrenaline (5 mumol/kg). While adrenalectomy performed before noradrenaline administration reduced the degree of pulmonary edema, a prior dose of hexamethonium accentuated this effect. Given alone, hexamethonium caused both loss of ascorbic acid and pulmonary edema. The results show that although endogenous catecholamines can potentiate the pulmonary edema produced by either adrenaline or noradrenaline, they play no specific role in the ascorbic acid loss. The evidence suggests that lung ascorbic acid levels are decreased following the development of pulmonary edema, irrespective of how it was caused.

Willis R J; Kratzing C C

1975-01-12

{'Introduction': '', 'Methodology': '', 'Findings': '', 'Discussion': '', 'Conclusion': '', 'Other Texts': ''}