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Bullet embolism with radiologic documentation. A case report.

A case of bullet embolism is reported wherein a handgun missile, fired during a "shoot-out," perforated (among other structures) the anterior and posterior walls of the thoracic aorta, rebounded into the aortic lumen, and was transported to the left femoral artery where it came to rest. Roentgenographic study was instrumental in promptly locating the errant bullet whose recovery established the identity of the responsible firearm. The implications of bullet embolism of the arterial, venous, and paradoxical types for the forensic pathologist and the clinician are discussed briefly.

['Embolism', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Wounds, Gunshot']

[['C14.907.355.350'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C26.986.900']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Insulin signaling in various equine tissues under basal conditions and acute stimulation by intravenously injected insulin.

The aim of the study was to analyze key proteins of the equine insulin signaling cascade and their extent of phosphorylation in biopsies from muscle tissue (MT), liver tissue (LT), and nuchal AT, subcutaneous AT, and retroperitoneal adipose tissues. This was investigated under unstimulated (B1) and intravenously insulin stimulated (B2) conditions, which were achieved by injection of insulin (0.1 IU/kg bodyweight) and glucose (150 mg/kg bodyweight). Twelve warmblood horses aged 15 ± 6.8 yr (yr), weighing 559 ± 79 kg, and with a mean body condition score of 4.7 ± 1.5 were included in the study. Key proteins of the insulin signaling cascade were semiquantitatively determined using Western blotting. Furthermore, modulation of the cascade was assessed. The basal expression of the proteins was only slightly influenced during the experimental period. Insulin induced a high extent of phosphorylation of insulin receptor in LT (P < 0.01) but not in MT. Protein kinase B and mechanistic target of rapamycin expressed a higher extent of phosphorylation in all tissues in B2 biopsies. Adenosine monophosphate protein kinase, as a component related to insulin signaling, expressed enhanced phosphorylation in MT (P < 0.05) and adipose tissues (nuchal AT P < 0.05; SCAT P < 0.01; retroperitoneal adipose tissue P < 0.05), but not in LT at B2. Tissue-specific variations in the acute response of insulin signaling to intravenously injected insulin were observed. In conclusion, insulin sensitivity in healthy horses is based on a complex concerted action of different tissues by their variations in the molecular response to insulin.

['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Horses', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Phosphorylation', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Signal Transduction']

[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Influence of inflammation or disconnection from peripheral target tissue on the capsaicin sensitivity of rat dorsal root ganglion sensory neurones.

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurones from adult rats are known to lose their capsaicin sensitivity in vitro if they are cultured without nerve growth factor (NGF). Here we show similar results following peripheral nerve transection in vivo, which deprives DRG sensory neurones of target-derived NGF. By measuring capsaicin-stimulated 45Ca uptake into DRG neurones which had been briefly cultured, capsaicin sensitivity was shown to decrease in neurones whose axons had been previously severed in vivo. Conversely, during experimental inflammation of the rat paw, there is an increase in the supply of NGF to neurones innervating the inflamed area. In this case, however, no significant increase in capsaicin sensitivity could be demonstrated in briefly cultured neurones which had previously innervated an inflamed limb. This suggests that expression of capsaicin sensitivity in DRG is maximal at levels of NGF found in normal animals.

['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Calcium', 'Capsaicin', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Denervation', 'Drug Resistance', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Inflammation', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Ion Channels', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Peripheral Nerve Injuries', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sciatic Nerve']

[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['A11.251'], ['E04.525.210'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['C23.550.470'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['C10.668.829.712', 'C10.900.575', 'C26.915.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

Polymerization properties of two normally circulating fibrinogens, HMW and LMW. Evidence that the COOH-terminal end of the a-chain is of importance for fibrin polymerization.

The plasma fibrinogen fractions HMW (mw 340,000) and LMW (mw 305,000) were prepared from purified (beta-alanine precipitated) fibrinogen by step-wise precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The thrombin clotting times were 14" and 20" respectively. The enzymatic phase of coagulation, measured as release of fibrinopeptide-A during incubation with thrombin, was found to be identical for HMW and LMW. Polymerization was studied by light scattering (at 605 nm) using preformed monomers (des-AA and des-AABB) prepared from HMW and LMW in the presence of 3.3 M urea by incubation with thrombin (100 NIH U/ml final conc.) and reptilase (1 U/ml final conc.). The HMW-monomers polymerised at a substantially higher rate than the corresponding LMW-monomers. Thus, the prolonged clotting time of LMW was explained by retarded polymerization. It is suggested that the -COOH terminal end of the a-chain, containing the molecular difference between HMW and LMW, is of importance for polymerization. Furthermore, the release of fibrinopeptide B (des-AABB-monomers) improved polymerization properties in HMW as well as in LMW, and all types of monomers polymerised more rapidly in the presence of Ca++.

['Fibrin', 'Fibrinogen', 'Fibrinopeptide A', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Light', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Weight', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Thrombin Time']

[['D12.776.124.270'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['D12.644.200', 'D12.776.124.125.515', 'D12.776.124.270.310', 'D12.776.811.300.310', 'D23.101.340', 'D23.119.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D05'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.870', 'E05.200.625.115.870', 'G09.188.840']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Molecular epidemiological study of human coronavirus OC43 in Shanghai from 2009-2016].

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Human coronavirus (HCoV), the patterns of emergence and circulation, and the genotype distribution of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) from November, 2009 to April, 2016 in Shanghai. Methods: A total of 6 059 respiratory specimens, including pharyngeal swab, sputum, nasopharyngeal aspirates and alveolar lavage fluid, as well as relative clinical data were collected from patients with acute respiratory infections from seven sentinel hospitals during November, 2009 to April, 2016 in Shanghai. Respiratory specimens were tested by RT-PCR with HCoV-conserved primers and subsequently genotyped by DNA sequencing. Using specific primers to amplify and sequence full-length Spike (S), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) and nucleocapsid (N) gene from HCoV-OC43 positive samples. Further genotype and phylogenetic analysis of HCoV-OC43 were performed by conducting phylogenetic trees. Results: Among 6 059 patients, the total frequency of HCoV was 63 (1.04%), in which HCoV-OC43 was the most frequently detected species with 34 positive samples, followed by human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) with 18 and 10 positive sample respectively. However, other HCoV like human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), were not been detected, which illustrated that HCoV-OC43 was the dominant subtype. The full-length of S, RDRP and N gene were obtained from 29 HCoV-OC43 positive samples. According to the sequence-analysis, 27 of which was genotype D, 2 of which was genotype B and others genotype, including genotype E, F and G, were not detected. The result indicated that the genotype D may be the dominant genotype. Further analysis of S protein that help HCoV-OC43 to entry host cell and stimulate the host immune system to produce neutralizing antibody found that two important functional domains in S protein, N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) contained more amino acid substitution and positive selection sites, accompanied with amino acid insertion/deletion. 13 positive selection sites were all located in the NTD or RBD, 10 of which were located in the NTD and 3 in the RBD. Conclusion: Human coronavirus OC43 was the major circulation human coronaviurs in Shanghai from 2009 to 2016, in which genotype D was the dominant genotype. NTD and RBD regions of the S protein were hypervariable region during HCoV-OC43 evolution, and had amino acid substitutions as well as amino acid insertion/deletion.

['China', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Coronavirus OC43, Human', 'Epidemiologic Studies', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus', 'Phylogeny', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']

[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.750'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['E05.393.760.700']]

['Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']

[Prevention of accidents caused by construction work].

Descriptive data on occupational accidents and diseases in the field of construction and particularly among builders are reported. They derive from publications of the National Insurance Institute for Occupational Accidents (INAIL) and refer to the Italian and Umbrian situation. Data show that the number and the severity of the accidents in this field are of great concern. The characteristics of the building work in our areas are too peculiar as the work is carried out in small building sites and lasts for a short period of time; subcontracting and piecework are widely diffused; health surveillance is nearly absent. One must take into account all of these characteristics when prevention programs are to be planned. Intervention priority must be given to a) information on occupational risks of contractors and workers; b) first level prevention; c) control and inspection activity. In this respect the A.A. report the results of the watch activity in 703 erecting yards by one to health unit's Department for the health security, safety and welfare of persons at work (period May 1985 - May 1988). The A.A. define a type of organization to achieve a continual intervention in the erecting yards.

['Accidents, Occupational', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Risk', 'Safety']

[['N06.850.135.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['N06.850.135.060.075']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Scatterer reconstruction and parametrization of homogeneous tissue for ultrasound image simulation.

Numerical simulation of ultrasound images can facilitate the training of sonographers. A realistic appearance of simulated ultrasonic speckle is essential for a plausible ultrasound simulation. An efficient and realistic model for ultrasonic speckle is the convolution of the ultrasound point-spread function with a parametrized distribution of point scatterers. Nevertheless, for a given arbitrary tissue, such scatterer distributions that would generate a realistic image are not known a priori, and currently there is no principled method to extract such scatterer patterns for given target tissues to be simulated. In this paper we propose to solve the inverse problem, in which an underlying scatterer map for a given sample ultrasound image is estimated. From such scatterer maps, it is also shown that a parametrization distribution model can be built, using which other instances of the same tissue can be simulated by feeding into a standard speckle generation method. This enables us to synthesize images of different tissue types from actual ultrasound images to be used in simulations with arbitrary view angles and transducer settings. We show in numerical and physical tissue-mimicking phantoms and actual physical tissue that the appearance of the synthesized images closely match the real images.

['Computer Simulation', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Models, Biological', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Ultrasonography']

[['L01.224.160'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E07.671'], ['E01.370.350.850']]

['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Quality of life after cerebrovascular stroke: a systematic study of patients' preferences for different functional outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To elicit valid quality of life estimates and the highest acceptable treatment risk of different outcomes after stroke. This is a prerequisite for rational medical decision-making, especially when considering treatments like thrombolysis.SUBJECTS: Healthy people, non-stroke medical patients and stroke survivors aged 20-84 years (n = 158)INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were interviewed by a physician using three different methods ('standard gamble', 'time trade-off' and 'direct scaling') supported by an interactive computer program.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured utility, a numerical value ranging from 0.00 (death) to 1.00 (perfect health), representing the strength of the patient's preference for an outcome. When using the standard gamble method, risk is also introduced into the measurement.RESULTS: People's preferences for stroke outcomes varied widely, and the estimates were influenced by assessment method. We found that previous stroke, marital status and age were the only independent variables influencing the utility given. Subjects in our population over the age of 45 were very comparable to the real population at risk for acute stroke regarding these three variables, and they assigned a median utility of 0.91 (10th percentile, 0.65; 90th percentile, 0.99) to a minor stroke and 0.61 (10th percentile, 0.08; 90th percentile, 0.95) to a major stroke using the standard gamble method.CONCLUSIONS: Most people do not feel that suffering from stroke is an overwhelming catastrophe and they do not accept treatment options with very high risks.

['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Recurrence', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']

An alternative method to amplify RNA without loss of signal conservation for expression analysis with a proteinase DNA microarray in the ArrayTube format.

BACKGROUND: Recent developments in DNA microarray technology led to a variety of open and closed devices and systems including high and low density microarrays for high-throughput screening applications as well as microarrays of lower density for specific diagnostic purposes. Beside predefined microarrays for specific applications manufacturers offer the production of custom-designed microarrays adapted to customers' wishes. Array based assays demand complex procedures including several steps for sample preparation (RNA extraction, amplification and sample labelling), hybridization and detection, thus leading to a high variability between several approaches and resulting in the necessity of extensive standardization and normalization procedures.RESULTS: In the present work a custom designed human proteinase DNA microarray of lower density in ArrayTube format was established. This highly economic open platform only requires standard laboratory equipment and allows the study of the molecular regulation of cell behaviour by proteinases. We established a procedure for sample preparation and hybridization and verified the array based gene expression profile by quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Moreover, we compared the results with the well established Affymetrix microarray. By application of standard labelling procedures with e.g. Klenow fragment exo-, single primer amplification (SPA) or In Vitro Transcription (IVT) we noticed a loss of signal conservation for some genes. To overcome this problem we developed a protocol in accordance with the SPA protocol, in which we included target specific primers designed individually for each spotted oligomer. Here we present a complete array based assay in which only the specific transcripts of interest are amplified in parallel and in a linear manner. The array represents a proof of principle which can be adapted to other species as well.CONCLUSION: As the designed protocol for amplifying mRNA starts from as little as 100 ng total RNA, it presents an alternative method for detecting even low expressed genes by microarray experiments in a highly reproducible and sensitive manner. Preservation of signal integrity is demonstrated out by QRT-PCR measurements. The little amounts of total RNA necessary for the analyses make this method applicable for investigations with limited material as in clinical samples from, for example, organ or tumour biopsies. Those are arguments in favour of the high potential of our assay compared to established procedures for amplification within the field of diagnostic expression profiling. Nevertheless, the screening character of microarray data must be mentioned, and independent methods should verify the results.

['Cells, Cultured', 'Computer Systems', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA Probes', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Staining and Labeling']

[['A11.251'], ['L01.224.230'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.588.570'], ['E05.393.620'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Virus infections and chronic rheumatic disorders.

There is little direct evidence that viruses cause inflammatory arthritis in the sense that infectious agents classically cause disease. However, there are several mechanisms by which virus infections could be implicated in the pathogenesis of such disorders. In particular virus infection of lymphocytes could produce the combination of selective immunodeficiency and immune stimulation that characterizes many rheumatic disorders. In addition re-combination events between integrated pro-viruses in DNA and exogenous infections would account for the lack of any obvious correlation between the appearance of these disorders and any obvious preceding viral infection. Certainly, more sophisticated approaches will be needed to test such hypotheses rather than relying on classical techniques for viral isolation.

['Antigens, Viral', 'Arthritis, Infectious', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Connective Tissue Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Lymphoproliferative Disorders', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Virus Diseases']

[['D23.050.327'], ['C01.100', 'C05.550.114.099'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['C17.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['C15.604.515', 'C20.683.515'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['C01.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Demeclocycline-induced phosphate diabetes in a patient with inappropriate ADH secretion and systemic sarcoidosis.

We report a case of phosphate diabetes in a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with sarcoidosis. Our patient was affected by systemic sarcoidosis and he fits the criteria of Schwartz for the diagnosis of SIADH. He presented with phosphate diabetes which appeared during demeclocycline (DMC) therapy and persisted for about 1 month from the end of DMC. It constitutes the fourth case of phosphate diabetes induced by tetracycline described in the literature and it is the third case of SIADH associated with sarcoidosis.

['Demeclocycline', 'Humans', 'Hypophosphatemia, Familial', 'Inappropriate ADH Syndrome', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sarcoidosis']

[['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.185', 'D04.615.562.900.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.815.647', 'C13.351.968.419.815.647', 'C16.320.565.618.544', 'C16.320.831.647', 'C18.452.648.618.544', 'C18.452.750.400.500'], ['C10.228.140.617.738.320', 'C18.452.950.626', 'C19.700.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.604.515.827']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Gunshot wounds caused by modern firearms in the light of our investigations.

The experiment was carried out on 27 sheep with traumatic-haemorrhagic shock caused by a gunshot wound produced using high-velocity missiles from the HM16 rifle. Sixty minutes after injury treatment with blood-replacing fluids was started. In Group I Ringer's solution with sodium lactate pH 8.2 was infused, Group II received Ringer's solution with sodium lactate pH 6.5, and Group III was given Ringer's solution alone. Volume of the infused fluid exceeded threefold the volume of lost blood. During and after fluid replacement blood samples were drawn for biochemical investigations and haemodynamic disturbances were carefully observed. In conclusion, we can say that Ringer's solution filled the vascular bed and improved tissue perfusion, but it failed to correct metabolic and acid-base equilibrium disturbances to such a degree and for as long a long time as did Ringer's solution with lactate.

['Animals', 'Blood Substitutes', 'Firearms', 'Isotonic Solutions', "Ringer's Lactate", "Ringer's Solution", 'Sheep', 'Shock, Hemorrhagic', 'Shock, Traumatic', 'Wounds, Gunshot']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.502.140', 'J01.637.087.249'], ['J01.637.870.350'], ['D26.776.498'], ['D26.776.498.500.500'], ['D26.776.498.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['C23.550.414.980', 'C23.550.835.650'], ['C23.550.835.888', 'C26.797'], ['C26.986.900']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']

Endovascular repair of complex aortic aneurysms: intravascular ultrasound guidance with an intracardiac probe.

To assess the accuracy and efficacy of intravascular ultrasound guidance obtained by an intracardiac ultrasound probe during complex aortic endografting. Between November 1999 and July 2002, 19 patients (5 female, 14 male; mean age 73.5 +/- 2.1 years) underwent endovascular repair of thoracic (n = 10), complex abdominal (n = 6) and concomitant thoraco-abdominal (n = 3) aortic aneurysm. The most suitable size and configuration of the stent-graft were chosen on the basis of preoperative computed tomographic angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Intraoperative intravascular ultrasound imaging was obtained using a 9 Fr, 9 MHz intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) probe, 110 cm in length, inserted through a 10 Fr precurved long sheath. The endografts were deployed as planned by CTA or MRA. Before stent-graft deployment, the ICE probe allowed us to view the posterior aortic arch and descending thoraco-abdominal aorta without position-related artifacts, and to identify both sites of stent-graft positioning. After stent-graft deployment, the ICE probe allowed us to detect the need for additional modular components to internally reline the aorta in 11 patients, and to discover 2 incomplete graft expansions subsequently treated with adjunctive balloon angioplasty. In 1 patient, the ICE probe supported the decision that the patient was ineligible for the endovascular exclusion procedure. The ICE probe provides accurate information on the anatomy of the posterior aortic arch and thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms and a rapid identification of attachment sites and stent-graft pathology, allowing refinement and improvement of the endovascular strategy.

['Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Combining Alcohol with Benzodiazepines or Psychostimulants. Metaphoric Meanings and the Concept of Control in the Online Talk of Polydrug Use.

The co-administration of different substances is a widespread practice in the context of hard drug use. Among others, alcohol combined with certain substances produces potentially dangerous interactions. This article explores how people who combine alcohol with benzodiazepines or psychostimulants perceive these practices and how they share their perceptions in Finnish and Swedish online discussions. This is carried out by analyzing discussants' use of metaphoric expressions. We found that the metaphors given to the use of these substance combinations reflect their pharmacological characteristics. Through that, the metaphors and meanings were different depending on the substance alcohol was combined with. Moreover, we found that, in the realities the metaphors create, the control of use was differently conceptualized. The different aspects of control could be divided into three categories that, however, were not related to any specific substances but overarched all metaphors: 1) controlling pharmacological risks, 2) controlling social appearance and 3) ignoring control. As our findings bring out, often the actual health dangers and risks of the studied substance combinations were bypassed, and the control was rather understood either as a form of socially appropriate behavior or wholly ignored.

['Adult', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Central Nervous System Depressants', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Drug Interactions', 'Ethanol', 'Finland', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Metaphor', 'Online Social Networking', 'Qualitative Research', 'Risk-Taking', 'Self-Control', 'Social Behavior', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Sweden']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['D27.505.696.277', 'D27.505.954.427.210'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.033.375'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.400.899.500', 'K01.752.798.500'], ['L01.143.910.250'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.813.595'], ['F01.145.813'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']

[The influence of polyvitamin complex polijen on mutagenic and cytotoxic effect of copper oxychloride in white mice].

The present study investigates antimutagenic and anticytotoxic effect of polyvitamin complex Polijen in laboratory mice. Mutation in mice was induced by pesticide - copper oxychloride 3Cu(OH)2 CuCl2 , which is characterizes by the mutagenic and cytotoxic effect. Introduction of copper oxychloride (dosage 1/2, 1/5, 1/10 LD50) per oral to animals induces strong increase (p<0,001) of frequency of chromosomal aberrations (multiple fragments, lyses), genomic mutations (triploidy, tetraploidy), pathological mitosis (hollow metaphase, K-mitosis, adhesion of chromosomes) and destruction of interphase nucleuses (hollow nucleus). Experiments showed that administration of polyvitamin complex Polijen decreased 2, 5 times mutagenic and cytotoxic effect of pesticide-copper oxychloride.

['Animals', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Copper', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vitamins']

[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

The impact of community context on children's health and nutritional status in China.

The link between community environment and individual health outcomes has been widely documented in Western literature, but little is known about whether community context influences children's health over and above individual characteristics in developing countries. This study examines how community socioeconomic status (SES) influences children's self-rated health and nutritional status in urban and rural China and explores whether the effects of community SES vary by a child's gender and family background. Using data from the China Family Penal Studies in 2010, this study focuses on children aged 10-15 years old living in 261 urban neighborhoods and 293 rural villages in China. Multilevel regression models are estimated to examine the effect of community SES on the probability of reporting poor/fair health and nutritional status measured by height for age while controlling for individual and family characteristics. The results suggest that community SES has a positive and curvilinear effect on children's health and nutritional status in urban China, and it only positively influences children's nutrition in rural China. Community SES has a stronger effect for boys than for girls, and for children in poorer families and families with lower levels of parental involvement.

['Adolescent', 'Body Height', 'Child', 'Child Health', 'China', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nutritional Status', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Rural Population', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Class', 'Urban Population']

[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N01.400.225'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['N01.600.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['N01.600.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']

Isolation and Western Blotting of Latex-Bead Phagosomes to Track Phagosome Maturation.

Phagocytosis plays an essential role in the immune system for the defense against invading microorganisms and the clearing of apoptotic cells. After internalization, the newly formed phagosome is constantly remodeled by fusion with early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. These changes ultimately deliver the engulfed material into the terminal degradative compartments known as phagolysosomes. However, defective phagosome maturation can result in inflammatory or autoimmune disease depending on the type of phagosome cargo. Therefore, characterization of the components involved in phagosome formation and maturation is important for a better understanding of macrophage physiological and pathological functions. In this chapter we describe a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of large-scale latex/polystyrene bead phagosome preparations with high degrees of purity for Western blotting analysis of phagosome maturation.

['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Fractionation', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Immunoblotting', 'Mice', 'Microspheres', 'Phagocytosis', 'Phagosomes', 'RAW 264.7 Cells']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.242.251'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E07.565'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.700'], ['A11.251.210.172.875', 'A11.733.397.815']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis have lower levels of circulating CD1d-restricted NKT cells.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide from an infectious agent. Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize mycobacterial antigens and contribute to anti-MTB immunity in mouse models. NKT cells were measured in subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis, MTB-exposed individuals, and healthy controls. NKT cell levels are selectively lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis than in both MTB-exposed subjects and healthy control subjects. This apparent loss of NKT cells from the peripheral blood is sustained during the 6 months after the initiation of MTB treatment. These findings indicate that NKT cells may be an important component of antituberculosis immunity.

['Adult', 'Antigens, CD1', 'Antigens, CD1d', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.100', 'D23.050.301.264.894.080', 'D23.101.100.110.100', 'D23.101.100.894.080'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.100.500', 'D23.050.301.264.894.080.500', 'D23.101.100.110.100.500', 'D23.101.100.894.080.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Recurrent deep neck abscess and piriform sinus tract: a 15-year review on the diagnosis and management.

BACKGROUND: Piriform sinus tract (PST) is a rare congenital condition. A delay in diagnosis is common leading to recurrent inflammation.METHOD: A retrospective review was performed on all cases of PST treated at a tertiary referral centre between May 1997 and May 2012.RESULTS: Eighteen patients were reviewed with a mean age of 5.4years at presentation (ranged from 0day to 14years). Most patients presented as acute inflammation (88.9%) and 16 had a left sided lesion. 72.2% of the PST are identified by contrast swallow study. The diagnostic yield was significantly higher if the study was done after the initial acute inflammation settled. Ultrasonography and computer tomography are less sensitive. The median duration from presentation to diagnosis was 17.6months (ranged 0-120months). Ten patients (55.6%) experienced recurrent inflammation before confirming the diagnosis. Fistulectomy alone was performed in 15 patients while an additional en-bloc hemithyroidectomy was done in 2 patients.CONCLUSION: PST should be suspected in children presenting with a left deep neck abscess. Contrast swallow study is very effective in making diagnosis but has to be postponed after the acute inflammation settles. The condition can be effectively treated by fistulectomy without hemithyroidectomy in majority of our cases.

['Abscess', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Neck', 'Pyriform Sinus', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thyroiditis, Suppurative', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']

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['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Linking planning performance and gray matter density in mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: moderating effects of age and sex.

Planning of behavior relies on the integrity of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (mid-dlPFC). Yet, only indirect evidence exists on the association of protracted maturation of dlPFC and continuing gains in planning performance post adolescence. Here, gray matter density of mid-dlPFC in young, healthy adults (18-32 years) was regressed onto performance on the Tower of London planning task while accounting for moderating effects of age and sex on this interrelation. Multiple regression analysis revealed an association of planning performance and mid-dlPFC gray matter density that was especially strong in late adolescence and early twenties. As expected, for males better planning performance was linked to reduced gray matter density of mid-dlPFC, possibly due to maturational processes such as synaptic pruning. Most surprisingly, females showed an inverted, positive interrelation of planning performance and mid-dlPFC gray matter density, indicating that sexually dimorphic development of dlPFC continues during early adulthood. Age and sex are hence important moderators of the link between planning performance and gray matter density in mid-dlPFC. Consequently, the assessment of moderator effects in regression designs can significantly enhance understanding of brain-behavior relationships.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Brain Mapping', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Problem Solving', 'Sex Factors', 'Thinking', 'Young Adult']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Psychiatric comorbidity and 30-day readmissions after hospitalization for heart failure, AMI, and pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: In 2012, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services implemented a policy that penalizes hospitals for "excessive" all-cause hospital readmissions within 30 days after discharge from an index hospitalization for heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and pneumonia. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of psychiatric comorbidities on 30-day all-cause readmissions following hospitalizations for HF, AMI, and pneumonia.METHODS: Data from 2009-2011 were derived from the HMO Research Network Virtual Data Warehouse of 11 health systems affiliated with the Mental Health Research Network. All index inpatient hospitalizations for HF, AMI, and pneumonia were captured (N=160,169). Psychiatric diagnoses for the year prior to admission were measured. All-cause readmissions within 30 days of discharge were the outcome variable.RESULTS: Approximately 18% of all individuals with index inpatient hospitalizations for HF, AMI, and pneumonia were readmitted within 30 days. The rate of readmission was 5% greater for individuals with a psychiatric comorbidity compared with those without a psychiatric comorbidity (21.7% and 16.5%, respectively, p<.001). Depression, anxiety, and dementia were associated with more readmissions of persons with index hospitalizations for each general medical condition and for all the conditions combined (p<.05). Substance use and bipolar disorders were linked with higher readmissions for those with initial hospitalizations for HF and pneumonia (p<.05). Readmission rates declined overall from 2009 to 2011.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with HF, AMI, and pneumonia experience high rates of readmission, but psychiatric comorbidities appear to increase that risk. Future interventions to reduce readmission should consider adding mental health components.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Patient Readmission', 'Pneumonia', 'Time Factors', 'United States']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Nurse managers' strategies for feeling less drained by their work: an action research and reflection project for developing emotional intelligence.

AIMS: To raise nurse managers' critical awareness of practice problems; uncover practice constraints and improve work effectiveness.BACKGROUND: Nurse management requires skills and knowledge, underscored by emotional intelligence. The research improved participants' practice and personal insights.METHODS: Purposive sampling targeted nurse managers interested in improving their practice. Three experienced female nurse managers met fortnightly in a group, for 1 hour, for 10 meetings. The methods included: writing and sharing de-identified journal reflections; critically analysing practice stories; identifying a thematic concern; generating action strategies; and instituting and revising the action plan.RESULTS: Phase One resulted in the identification of the issue of 'being drained by the intensity of nurse managers' work'. The participants adopted five strategies: debriefing problematic situations; deflecting multiple requests; diffusing issues; naming dysfunctional behaviours; and regrouping. In Phase Two, participants implemented and revised the action plan strategies, which resulted in them feeling less drained by their work.CONCLUSIONS: Strategies can lessen nurse managers' sense of personal depletion. However, strategies cannot guarantee success every time because the emotional intelligence is integral to nurse management.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Action research and reflection assist nurse managers to improve their practice and develop their emotional intelligence.

['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Awareness', 'Burnout, Professional', 'Emotional Intelligence', 'Female', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Nurse Administrators', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Problem Solving']

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['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Heart Valve Disease Awareness Survey 2017: what did we achieve since 2015?

AIMS: The 2015 Heart Valve Disease Awareness Survey showed a low knowledge and awareness about heart valve disease in the general population despite its high prevalence and morbidity. The 2017 survey was conducted to re-evaluate concern and knowledge about heart valve disease after 2 years of rapidly increasing patient numbers presenting with heart valve disease.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 12,820 people aged 60 years or older in 11 European countries took part in the survey. While the number of people concerned most about heart valve disease increased significantly (2015:1.7% vs. 2017:2.1%; p < 0.001), it is still very low compared to cancer (28.8%) or Alzheimer's disease (20.9%). More people claim to be familiar with heart valve disease in general (2015: 17.1% vs. 2017: 20.0%; p < 0.001) and the majority claims to know of at least one therapy for heart valve disease (61.9%). Nevertheless, only 3.8% could correctly identify aortic stenosis (AS), which is significantly less than in 2015 (7.2%; p < 0.001). As before, the majority of the respondents claimed to rarely or never undergo a stethoscope check from their general practitioner (2015: 54.2% vs. 2017: 50.6%, p < 0.001); nevertheless, a positive trend can be seen. People wish heart valve disease to be part of regular checks by the general practitioners.CONCLUSION: The general population's knowledge of heart valve disease in general slightly increased over the last 2 years. However, detailed understanding of aortic stenosis and its treatment options is still low, as is the level of concern shown for heart valve disease. Nevertheless, the general population cites heart valve disease as a condition they wish to be checked for regularly.

['Awareness', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

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['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Demonstration of eosinophil degranulation on the surface of opsonized schistosomules by phase-contrast cinemicrography.

Phase-contrast cinephotomicrography was used to examine eosinophil-schistosomule interaction. Eosinophil degranulation against the surface of schistosomules was observed in the presence of immune serum.

['Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Eosinophils', 'Motion Pictures', 'Opsonin Proteins', 'Schistosoma mansoni']

[['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['J01.897.280.500.598', 'K01.093.545', 'L01.178.590.500', 'L01.178.820.090.598'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.767', 'D12.776.124.486.657', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.767', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.767'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.770.680.700']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Effects of spatially varying selection on nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium: insights from deer mouse globin genes.

An important goal of population genetics is to elucidate the effects of natural selection on patterns of DNA sequence variation. Here we report results of a study to assess the joint effects of selection, recombination, and gene flow in shaping patterns of nucleotide variation at genes involved in local adaptation. We first describe a new summary statistic, Z(g), that measures the between-sample component of linkage disequilibrium (LD). We then report results of a multilocus survey of nucleotide diversity and LD between high- and low-altitude populations of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus. The multilocus survey included two closely linked alpha-globin genes, HBA-T1 and HBA-T2, that underlie adaptation to different elevational zones. The primary goals were to assess whether the alpha-globin genes exhibit the hallmarks of spatially varying selection that are predicted by theory (i.e., sharply defined peaks in the between-population components of nucleotide diversity and LD) and to assess whether peaks in diversity and LD may be useful for identifying specific sites that distinguish selectively maintained alleles. Consistent with theoretical expectations, HBA-T1 and HBA-T2 were characterized by highly elevated levels of diversity between populations and between allele classes. Simulation and empirical results indicate that sliding-window analyses of Z(g) between allele classes may provide an effective means of pinpointing causal substitutions.

['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Diploidy', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genetics, Population', 'Genome', 'Globins', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Multigene Family', 'Nucleotides', 'Peromyscus', 'Recombination, Genetic']

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['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Effect of biofilm in irrigation pipes on microbial quality of irrigation water.

AIMS: The focus of this work was to investigate the contribution of native Escherichia coli to the microbial quality of irrigation water and to determine the potential for contamination by E. coli associated with heterotrophic biofilms in pipe-based irrigation water delivery systems.METHODS AND RESULTS: The aluminium pipes in the sprinkler irrigation system were outfitted with coupons that were extracted before each of the 2-h long irrigations carried out with weekly intervals. Water from the creek water and sprinklers, residual water from the previous irrigation and biofilms on the coupons were analysed for E. coli. High E. coli concentrations in water remaining in irrigation pipes between irrigation events were indicative of E. coli growth. In two of the four irrigations, the probability of the sample source, (creek vs sprinkler), being a noninfluential factor, was only 0.14, that is, source was an important factor. The population of bacteria associated with the biofilm on pipe walls was estimated to be larger than that in water in pipes in the first three irrigation events and comparable to one in the fourth event.CONCLUSION: Biofilm-associated E. coli can affect microbial quality of irrigation water and, therefore, should not be neglected when estimating bacterial mass balances for irrigation systems.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work is the first peer-reviewed report on the impact of biofilms on microbial quality of irrigation waters. Flushing of the irrigation system may be a useful management practice to decrease the risk of microbial contamination of produce. Because microbial water quality can be substantially modified while water is transported in an irrigation system, it becomes imperative to monitor water quality at fields, rather than just at the intake.

['Agricultural Irrigation', 'Biofilms', 'Escherichia coli', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Quality', 'Water Supply']

[['J01.040.044'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.750', 'N06.850.460.790.730'], ['J01.293.821.500']]

['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']

Spontaneously ruptured intraspinal epidermoid cyst causing chemical meningitis.

We report a 53-year-old woman with a rare ruptured lumbar intraspinal epidermoid cyst causing chemical meningitis evaluated with MRI (including diffusion-weighted imaging), with histopathologic correlation.

['Central Nervous System Cysts', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Epidermal Cyst', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Meningitis', 'Middle Aged', 'Rupture']

[['C04.588.614.250.387', 'C10.500.142', 'C10.551.240.375', 'C16.131.666.142'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['C04.182.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.614'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.761']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

PI31 Is an Adaptor Protein for Proteasome Transport in Axons and Required for Synaptic Development.

Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for neuronal function. Neurons utilize microtubule-dependent molecular motors to allocate proteasomes to synapses, but how proteasomes are coupled to motors and how this is regulated to meet changing demand for protein breakdown remain largely unknown. We show that the conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adaptor to couple proteasomes with dynein light chain proteins (DYNLL1/2). The inactivation of PI31 inhibited proteasome motility in axons and disrupted synaptic proteostasis, structure, and function. Moreover, phosphorylation of PI31 by p38 MAPK enhanced binding to DYNLL1/2 and promoted the directional movement of proteasomes in axons, suggesting a mechanism to regulate loading of proteasomes onto motors. Inactivation of PI31 in mouse neurons attenuated proteasome movement in axons, indicating this process is conserved. Because mutations affecting PI31 activity are associated with human neurodegenerative diseases, impairment of PI31-mediated axonal transport of proteasomes may contribute to these disorders.

['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Axonal Transport', 'Axons', 'Cytoplasm', 'Cytoplasmic Dyneins', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Microtubules', 'Neurons', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Proteins', 'Proteolysis', 'Proteostasis', 'Synapses', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']

[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143.355.040', 'G04.392.040', 'G11.561.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.193.249.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['D12.776'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['G02.111.730', 'G03.816'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Discovery of fairy circles in Australia supports self-organization theory.

Vegetation gap patterns in arid grasslands, such as the "fairy circles" of Namibia, are one of nature's greatest mysteries and subject to a lively debate on their origin. They are characterized by small-scale hexagonal ordering of circular bare-soil gaps that persists uniformly in the landscape scale to form a homogeneous distribution. Pattern-formation theory predicts that such highly ordered gap patterns should be found also in other water-limited systems across the globe, even if the mechanisms of their formation are different. Here we report that so far unknown fairy circles with the same spatial structure exist 10,000 km away from Namibia in the remote outback of Australia. Combining fieldwork, remote sensing, spatial pattern analysis, and process-based mathematical modeling, we demonstrate that these patterns emerge by self-organization, with no correlation with termite activity; the driving mechanism is a positive biomass-water feedback associated with water runoff and biomass-dependent infiltration rates. The remarkable match between the patterns of Australian and Namibian fairy circles and model results indicate that both patterns emerge from a nonuniform stationary instability, supporting a central universality principle of pattern-formation theory. Applied to the context of dryland vegetation, this principle predicts that different systems that go through the same instability type will show similar vegetation patterns even if the feedback mechanisms and resulting soil-water distributions are different, as we indeed found by comparing the Australian and the Namibian fairy-circle ecosystems. These results suggest that biomass-water feedbacks and resultant vegetation gap patterns are likely more common in remote drylands than is currently known.

['Biomass', 'Feedback, Physiological', 'Grassland', 'Models, Biological', 'Namibia', 'Plant Development', 'Poaceae', 'Rain', 'Western Australia']

[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['G07.410.732'], ['G16.500.275.157.531', 'N06.230.124.390'], ['E05.599.395'], ['Z01.058.290.175.580'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['Z01.639.100.996', 'Z01.678.100.373.996']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']

Randomized controlled trial on the influence of dietary intervention on epigenetic mechanisms in children with cow's milk allergy: the EPICMA study.

Epigenetic mechanisms could drive the disease course of cow's milk allergy (CMA) and formula choice could modulate these pathways. We compared the effect of two different dietary approaches on epigenetic mechanisms in CMA children. Randomized controlled trial on IgE-mediated CMA children receiving a 12-month treatment with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula containing the probiotic L.rhamnosus GG (EHCF + LGG) or with soy formula (SF). At the baseline, after 6 and 12 months of treatment FoxP3 methylation rate and its expression in CD4+ T cells were assessed. At same study points IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-ã methylation rate, expression and serum concentration, miRNAs expression were also investigated. 20 children (10/group) were evaluated. Baseline demographic, clinical and epigenetic features were similar in the two study groups. At 6 and 12 months, EHCF + LGG group showed a significant increase in FoxP3 demethylation rate compared to SF group. At the same study points, EHCF + LGG group presented a higher increase in IL-4 and IL-5 and a higher reduction in IL-10 and IFN-ã DNA methylation rate compared to SF group. A different modulation of miR-155, -146a, -128 and -193a expression was observed in EHCF + LGG vs. SF. Dietary intervention could exert a different epigenetic modulation on the immune system in CMA children.

['Animals', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Caseins', 'Cattle', 'Child', 'DNA Methylation', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Female', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Immune System', 'Lactobacillus rhamnosus', 'Male', 'Milk Hypersensitivity', 'Probiotics']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G05.308.203'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['A15.382'], ['B03.353.750.450.475.700', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.700', 'B03.510.550.450.475.700'], ['C20.543.480.370.500'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Training of working memory in children with ADHD.

Working memory (WM) capacity is the ability to retain and manipulate information during a short period of time. This ability underlies complex reasoning and has generally been regarded as a fixed trait of the individual. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represent one group of subjects with a WM deficit, attributed to an impairment of the frontal lobe. In the present study, we used a new training paradigm with intensive and adaptive training of WM tasks and evaluated the effect of training with a double blind, placebo controlled design. Training significantly enhanced performance on the trained WM tasks. More importantly, the training significantly improved performance on a nontrained visuo-spatial WM task and on Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is a nonverbal complex reasoning task. In addition, motor activity--as measured by the number of head movements during a computerized test--was significantly reduced in the treatment group. A second experiment showed that similar training-induced improvements on cognitive tasks are also possible in young adults without ADHD. These results demonstrate that performance on WM tasks can be significantly improved by training, and that the training effect also generalizes to nontrained tasks requiring WM. Training improved performance on tasks related to prefrontal functioning and had also a significant effect on motor activity in children with ADHD. The results thus suggest that WM training potentially could be of clinical use for ameliorating the symptoms in ADHD.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Cognition', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.188'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Preparation and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum oligosaccharides.

In this study, the Lycium barbarum oligosaccharides (LBO) were prepared by hydrolysis using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The yield of the LBO was monitored during the hydrolysis process. The hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: time, 4h; temperature, 70 °C; and H₂O₂ concentration, 2.5% (v/v). The hydrolysates were filtered, concentrated to ?20% (w/v), precipitated with 6 volumes of absolute ethanol, freeze-dried, and ground to yield a water soluble and white powder. The sugar content of the product was 95.8%, and the yield was 21.05% (w/w), respectively. The LBO show higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (86.46%) than Vc (40.96) at the concentration of 100 ìg/mL.

['Antioxidants', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydrolysis', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Lycium', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Powders', 'Solubility', 'Water']

[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G02.380'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.310'], ['D09.698.629'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D26.255.779'], ['G02.805'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Assessment of hepatic blood flow using continuous infusion of high clearance drugs.

AIMS: To provide methods for the translation of the concentration-time profile of highly cleared marker compounds into the underlying clearance and hepatic blood flow profile.METHODS: Continuous infusion of indocyanine green or sorbitol was used to assess the effect of the hepatic blood flow modifiers exercise, somatostatin and octreotide. Three distinct methods are described for the translation of concentration into flow: 1. assuming successive phases of constant clearance 2. point to point estimation of clearance using estimates of concentration change 3. using a parametric description of the flow profile in combination with the differential equations describing the change in marker concentrations.RESULTS: The marker compound concentration profiles are adequately described using the different methods. Exercise results in a decrease in hepatic blood flow of about 80%. Somatostatin and octreotide elicit an indistinguishable hepatic blood flow decrease from 1.49 to 1.07 l min(-1). Return to baseline takes much longer for octreotide (half-life 126+/-104 min) than for somatostatin (half-life 4.29+/-3.55 min).CONCLUSIONS: Translation of concentration profiles into clearance profiles is possible making continuous assessment of hepatic blood flow feasible.

['Coloring Agents', 'Exercise', 'Half-Life', 'Hormone Antagonists', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Indocyanine Green', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Liver Circulation', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Models, Biological', 'Octreotide', 'Somatostatin', 'Sorbitol']

[['D27.720.233'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['G01.910.405'], ['D06.347', 'D27.505.696.399.450'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D03.633.100.473.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['G09.330.100.881.552'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['D02.033.800.813', 'D09.853.813']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Pathogenesis of retrobulbar neuritis].

Biological fluids from 146 patients with retrobulbar neuritis were examined for the biochemical, immunochemical and immunologic characteristics that mirror destructive processes in myelin and changes in the system of the cholinoglycine cycle which is one of the stages of the synthesis of myelin in the oligodendrocyte. In the majority of observations, the changes in these reactions of different directions and of varying intensity were revealed. Based on the data obtained the conclusion is made that part of the patients with retrobulbar neuritis may be attributed to multiple sclerosis since according to the laboratory findings, the demyelinating process occurring in them goes beyond optic nerves. Besides, it has been shown with special reference to retrobulbar neuritis that the primary affect, possibly of the viral nature, is likely to be localized in the oligodendrocyte, with myelin being involved in the process for the second time.

['Humans', 'Leucyl Aminopeptidase', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Oligodendroglia', 'Optic Nerve', 'Optic Neuritis']

[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.100.511', 'D08.811.277.656.350.555.700', 'D08.811.277.656.675.555.700'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600'], ['A08.800.800.120.680'], ['C10.292.700.550', 'C11.640.576']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Spider web glue: two proteins expressed from opposite strands of the same DNA sequence.

The various silks that make up the web of the orb web spiders have been studied extensively. However, success in prey capture depends as much on the web glue as on the fibers. Spider silk glue, which is considered one of the strongest and most effective biological glues, is an aqueous solution secreted from the orb weaving spider's aggregate glands and coats the spiral prey capturing threads of their webs. Studies identified the major component of the glue as microscopic nodules made of a glycoprotein. This study describes two newly discovered proteins that form the glue-glycoprotein of the golden orb weaving spider Nephila clavipes . Our results demonstrate that both proteins contain unique 110 amino acid repetitive domains that are encoded by opposite strands of the same DNA sequence. Thus, the genome of the spider encodes two distinct yet functionally related genes by using both strands of an identical DNA sequence. Moreover, the closest match for the nonrepetitive region of one of the proteins is chitin binding proteins. The web glue appears to have evolved a substantial level of sophistication matching that of the spider silk fibers.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'DNA', 'Insect Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Spiders']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.803']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

TeleMedMail: free software to facilitate telemedicine in developing countries.

Telemedicine offers the potential to alleviate the severe shortage of medical specialists in developing countries. However lack of equipment and poor network connections usually rule out video-conferencing systems. This paper describes a software application to facilitate store-and-forward telemedicine by email of images from digital cameras. TeleMedMail is written in Java and allows structured text entry, image processing, image and data compression, and data encryption. The design, implementation, and initial evaluation are described.

['Computer Communication Networks', 'Computer Security', 'Developing Countries', 'Forecasting', 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized', 'Programming Languages', 'Software', 'Telemedicine']

[['L01.224.230.110'], ['L01.224.134', 'N04.452.910.200'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['I01.320'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625', 'L01.313.500.750.300.695', 'N04.452.859.564.650', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625'], ['L01.224.900.780'], ['L01.224.900'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800']]

['Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Severe maternal psychopathology and infant-mother attachment.

Eighty-two mother-infant dyads, comprising women with psychiatric disorder and individually matched controls, were followed up over the children's 1st year of life. The mothers with mental illness consisted of two subgroups: first, 25 severely mentally ill mothers who had been admitted to a psychiatric unit with their infants; and second, 16 mothers from a community sample meeting research diagnostic criteria for unipolar, nonpsychotic depression. With the exception of six dyads in the in-patient group, observations were made of the mother-infant interaction and the quality of the infant-mother attachment relationship at 12 months. The nature and course of the mothers' illness was also documented. Although few residual symptoms of maternal mental illness were detected at 1 year postpartum, interactional disturbances were evident among the case group dyads. A strong association was revealed between infant-mother attachment quality and maternal diagnosis; a manic episode of illness in the postpartum period was related to security in the attachment relationship, and psychotic or nonpsychotic depression was related to insecurity. Concurrent patterns of mother-infant interaction provided support for this finding.

['Adult', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Child of Impaired Parents', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Object Attachment', 'Patient Admission', 'Personality Assessment', 'Personality Development', 'Psychotic Disorders']

[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.084.500'], ['M01.106'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F03'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['F02.739.794.624'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['F04.513'], ['F01.752.747'], ['F03.700.675']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Mapping fatty acid binding to beta-lactoglobulin: Ligand binding is restricted by modification of Cys 121.

Native beta-lactoglobulin (Blg) binds 1 mole of palmitic acid per mole of protein with a dissociation constant of 0.6 microM for the primary fatty acid binding site. Chemical modification of Cys 121, which lies at the external putative hydrophobic binding site of Blg, does not affect retinol or 4,4'-bis 1-(phenylamino)-8-naphthalenesulfonate (bis-ANS) binding to the protein, indicating that the incorporated appendages do not perturb the internal hydrophobic site within the beta-barrel of Blg (i.e., the retinoid site is unaffected). On the other hand, methylation of Cys 121, reduces the affinity of Blg for palmitic acid by 10-fold as monitored by intrinsic fluorescence. Modification of the Cys 121 with methylmethanethiosulfonate or a thiol-specific spin label appears to either further weaken or totally eliminate fatty acid binding, respectively, due to steric hindrance. Furthermore, this binding pattern has been independently verified using a spin labeled fatty acid analog and monitoring ESR as well as by bis-ANS fluorescence when bound to the protein. These results suggest that fatty acids bind at the "external site" of beta-lactoglobulin, between the sole alpha-helix and the beta-barrel. In addition, structural stability studies of native and chemically modified Blg appear to confirm this observation as well.

['Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cattle', 'Cyclic N-Oxides', 'Cysteine', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Fluorescence', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lactoglobulins', 'Ligands', 'Methyl Methanesulfonate', 'Methylation', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Palmitic Acid', 'Protein Binding', 'Spin Labels', 'Vitamin A']

[['D02.092.146.125', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.555.282', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.650.050', 'D04.615.638.555.282'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D03.661.243'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.816.500', 'D12.776.377.457'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.500', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.500'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D10.251.694.750'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D02.389.678'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Poststernotomy mediastinitis treated by early surgical intervention].

Poststernotomy mediastinitis in 67-year-old female was successfully treated by early operation after coronary artery revascularization using bilateral internal mammary arteries and gastroepiploic artery. Wider debridement including sternum, ribs, mediastinal fat and connective tissues, and transfer of rt-pectoralis major muscle flap into the mediastinum to obliterate the dead space was performed. The sternal wound was primarily closed without postoperative irrigation. The sternum was stayed open without using any artificial substitute. In conclusion, the early diagnosis and operation is the key for successful treatment of poststernotomy mediastinitis. Wider debridement including sternum and ribs with perioperative lavage by diluted povidone-iodine solution and antibiotic solution should be done aggressively, and the transfer of the major pectoral muscle flap and skin closure without postoperative irrigation is an effective method of choice. Additional reconstruction of anterior chest wall should be considered if necessary, when the inflammatory process is subsided.

['Aged', 'Debridement', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mediastinitis', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Sternum']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.846.187.790'], ['E04.100.376.719', 'E04.928.220.520'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A02.835.232.570.750']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Competition and growth among Aedes aegypti larvae: Effects of distributing food inputs over time.

Male and female mosquito larvae compete for different subsets of the yeast food resource in laboratory microcosms. Males compete more intensely with males, and females with females. The amount and timing of food inputs alters both growth and competition, but the effects are different between sexes. Increased density increases competition among males. Among females, density operates primarily by changing the food/larva or total food; this affects competition in some interactions and growth in others. Food added earlier in the life span contributes more to mass than the same quantity added later. After a period of starvation larvae appear to use some of the subsequent food input to rebuild physiological reserves in addition to building mass. The timing of pupation is affected by the independent factors and competition, but not in the same way for the two sexes, and not in the same way as mass at pupation for the two sexes. There is an effect of density on the timing of pupation for females independent of competition or changes in food/larva or total food. Male and female larvae have different larval life history strategies. Males grow quickly to a minimum size, then pupate, depending on the amount of food available. Males that do not grow quickly enough may delay pupation further to grow larger, resulting in a bimodal distribution of sizes and ages. Males appear to have a maximum size determined by the early food level. Females grow faster than males and grow larger than males on the same food inputs. Females affect the growth and competition among males by manipulating the number of particles in the microcosm through changes in feeding behavior. Mosquito larvae appear to have evolved to survive periods of starvation and take advantage of intermittent inputs of food into containers.

['Aedes', 'Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Body Size', 'Ecosystem', 'Female', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Population Density', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Species Specificity']

[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['G08.686.815'], ['G16.824']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Glutamine synthetase in cultured whole retinas from the embryonic chick. Role of protein and RNA syntheses in 4 degrees C storage enhancement.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity is enhanced in cultured whole retinas when a 72 h incubation at 37 degrees C is preceded by storage at 4 degrees C for 2-24 h. This enhancement occurs even in the absence of glucocorticoids and is maximal in retinas from 11 to 14 d embryos. In comparison, cortisol-induced increases in retinal GS activity at 37 degrees C are optimal in retinas from 8 to 12 d embryos. This study, using cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) and cordycepin (an inhibitor of RNA synthesis), indicates that both protein and RNA synthesis are required for the 4 degrees C storage enhancement of GS activity. The necessary RNA synthesis occurs within the first 48 h following transfer to 37 degrees C and does not require concomitant protein synthesis. Uridine uptake, but not incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material, is increased by initial 4 degrees C storage when compared with whole retina controls incubated at 37 degrees C for the total time. In contrast, both uptake and incorporation of amino acids are increased in 4 degrees C-stored retinas for as long as 72 h subsequent to transfer from 4 to 37 degrees C. This suggests that enhancement GS activity may arise from a combination of elevated general protein synthesis and specific messenger-RNA synthesis following 4 degrees C storage.

['Animals', 'Chick Embryo', 'Cold Temperature', 'Culture Techniques', 'Cycloheximide', 'Deoxyadenosines', 'Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Kinetics', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Retina', 'Time Factors']

[['B01.050'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E05.481.500'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.325', 'D13.570.230.229', 'D13.570.583.138.325'], ['D08.811.464.259.200.600'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A09.371.729'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Bacterial contamination and septic transfusion reaction rates associated with platelet components before and after introduction of primary culture: experience at a US Academic Medical Center 1991 through 2017.

BACKGROUND: The high incidence of septic transfusion reactions (STRs) led to testing being mandated by AABB from 2004. This was implemented by primary culture of single-donor apheresis platelets (APs) from 2004 and prestorage pooled platelets (PSPPs) from 2007.STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Platelet (PLT) aliquots were cultured at issue and transfusion reactions evaluated at our hospital. Bacterial contamination and STR rates (shown as rates per million transfusions in Results) were evaluated before and after introduction of primary culture by blood centers that used a microbial detection system (BacT/ALERT, bioMerieux) or enhanced bacterial detection system (eBDS, Haemonetics).RESULTS: A total of 28,457 PLTs were cultured during pre-primary culture periods (44.7% APs; 55.3% at-issue pooled PLTs [AIPPs]) and 97,595 during post-primary culture periods (79.3% APs; 20.7% PSPPs). Forty-three contaminated units were identified in preculture and 34 in postculture periods (rates, 1511 vs. 348; p < 0.0001). Contamination rates of APs were significantly lower than AIPPs in the preculture (393 vs. 2415; p < 0.0001) but not postculture period compared to PSPPs (387 vs. 198; p = 0.9). STR rates (79 vs. 90; p = 0.98) were unchanged with APs but decreased considerably with pooled PLTs (826 vs. 50; p = 0.0006). Contamination (299 vs. 324; p = 0.84) and STR rates (25 vs. 116; p = 0.22) were similar for PLTs tested by BacT/ALERT and eBDS primary culture methods. A change in donor skin preparation method in 2012 was associated with decreased contamination and STR rates.CONCLUSION: Primary culture significantly reduced bacterial contamination and STR associated with pooled but not AP PLTs. Measures such as secondary testing near time of use or pathogen reduction are needed to further reduce STRs.

['Academic Medical Centers', 'Adult', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Blood Component Removal', 'Blood Platelets', 'Blood Safety', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Child', 'Drug Contamination', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Platelet Transfusion', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sepsis', 'Transfusion Reaction', 'United States']

[['N02.278.020'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E02.120'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E02.792.833.230.500', 'E05.760.833.230.500', 'N06.850.780.200.450.325'], ['E02.095.135'], ['A11.251'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N06.850.360'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E02.095.135.140.650'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['C15.378.962', 'C20.920'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

[The normal thyroid gland in the scintigram: size and form variants, thyroid dystopia].

Quantitative data about the size of the normal thyroid gland are presented: height, width and area of the right and left lobe are scintigraphically different. The calculated weight varies depending on the correction factor. Displaced thyroid tissue is found in the center line, whereas iodine accumulating tissue located in the lateral neck should lead to a suspicion of carcinoma.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Choristoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Size', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Reference Values', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Tongue Neoplasms']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A06.300.900'], ['C04.588.443.591.925', 'C07.465.530.925', 'C07.465.910.470']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Tyrosine nitration in human spermatozoa: a physiological function of peroxynitrite, the reaction product of nitric oxide and superoxide.

Tyrosine nitration is a widely used marker of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) produced from the reaction of nitric oxide (NO.) with superoxide (O2(.-)). Since human spermatozoa are able to produce both NO. and O2(.-) during capacitation in vitro, we investigated whether spontaneous tyrosine nitration of proteins occurs in human spermatozoa and evaluated the physiological effects of peroxynitrite on sperm function. We report here that human spermatozoa, incubated for 8 h under conditions conducive to capacitation, display a reproducible pattern of protein tyrosine nitration. Several proteins with mol. wt of 105-14 kDa become increasingly tyrosine-nitrated after 15 min incubation and then minimal changes are observed. Treatment of capacitated spermatozoa with human follicular fluid or calcium ionophore causes an increase of the nitrotyrosine content of proteins at the mol. wt of 85 kDa. Moreover, exposure of spermatozoa to ONOO- (2.5-50 micromol/l) increases motility and primes spermatozoa to respond earlier to human follicular fluid. ONOO- also increases protein tyrosine nitration and phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that tyrosine nitration of sperm proteins occurs in capacitated human spermatozoa, and that low concentrations of ONOO- modulate sperm functions, emphasizing the concept that capacitation is part of an oxidative process.

['Calcimycin', 'Female', 'Follicular Fluid', 'Humans', 'Ionophores', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Peroxynitrous Acid', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proteins', 'Sperm Capacitation', 'Sperm Motility', 'Spermatozoa', 'Superoxides', 'Tyrosine']

[['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.150', 'A06.300.312.497.535.150', 'A12.207.270.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.562.374', 'D27.720.395'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D01.625.600.800', 'D01.625.700.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776'], ['G08.686.784.277.760'], ['E01.370.225.992.812', 'E05.200.992.812', 'G04.198.750'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Norepinephrine release in the amygdala after systemic injection of epinephrine or escapable footshock: contribution of the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Several findings based largely on lesions and drug manipulations within the amygdala suggest that norepinephrine (NE) systems in the amygdala contribute to enhancement of memory processes by epinephrine (EPI). However, no studies to date have directly measured changes in the release of NE in the amygdala after EPI injection. In Experiment 1, in vivo microdialysis was used to assess amygdala NE release after systemic injection of saline, EPI (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg), and administration of an escapable footshock (0.8 mA, 1 s). Both doses of EPI produced a significant elevation in NE release that persisted for up to 60 min. In Experiment 2, the local anesthetic lidocaine (2%) was infused (0.5 microl) into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) immediately before injection of 0.3 mg/kg EPI. The EPI-induced elevation in amygdala NE release observed in Experiment I was attenuated by inactivation of the NTS. These findings indicate that systemic injection of EPI increases release of NE in the amygdala and suggest that the effects are mediated in part by activation of brainstem neurons in the NTS that project to the amygdala.

['Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Arousal', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Brain Mapping', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fear', 'Injections', 'Lidocaine', 'Male', 'Neural Pathways', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Solitary Nucleus']

[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['F01.470.361'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['D02.065.199.092.500', 'D02.092.146.113.092.500'], ['A08.612'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.750']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

[Generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis].

A histological verified case of late infantil type of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis of Jansky-Bielchowsky syndrome is reported. Paroxismal activity provoked by a low frequency fotostimulation or Pampiglione phenomenon is registrated at the E.E.G. An analysis about the clincial findings and a review of the Pampiglione phenomenon in the medical literature is made, being stimated this phenomenon of a high value for the diagnosis fo the type II or late infantil type of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

['Cerebellar Ataxia', 'Child, Preschool', 'Electroencephalography', 'Humans', 'Lipidoses', 'Male', 'Optic Atrophy', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Syndrome']

[]

[]

Interpretation of postvagotomy endoscopic Congo red test results in relation to ulcer recurrence 5 to 12 years after operation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to estimate, after vagotomy, the location and extension of residual vagal innervation of the gastric corpus mucosa by using the endoscopic Congo red test (ECRT) and its relation to recurrent ulcer (RU), as well as the results of quantitative gastric acid tests: basal acid output (BAO), maximal acid output (MAO), and nocturnal acid output (NAO).METHODS: A total of 271 consecutive vagotomized duodenal ulcer (DU) patients were studied 5 to 12 years (mean 8 years) after the operation. In all cases gastroscopy and ECRT were performed simultaneously. ECRT was considered positive if a red to black-blue (pH <3.0) color change of the gastric corpus mucosa occurred within the first 3 minutes, and the cases were classified as having small extension (SE), ie, one or more areas with a diameter of 1 to 30 mm, or large extension (LE), ie, 20% or more of the gastric corpus showing residual vagal innervation. No red to black-blue changes (pH >3.0) were attributed to negative ECRT. BAO, MAO, and NAO were determined preoperatively and postoperatively in 108 cases out of 271 and correspond with ECRT results.RESULTS: Recurrent ulcer occurred in 18 out of 135 ECRT-positive and in 1 out of 136 ECRT-negative cases. RU occurred 5 times more frequently in LE than SE cases (P <0.05). The postoperative mean values of BAO, MAO, and NAO were significantly higher in ECRT-positive than in ECRT-negative cases (P <0.001), and higher in LE than in SE cases (P <0.01; for NAO, P >0.05).CONCLUSION: ECRT is a practical and reliable method in the evaluation of postvagotomy DU patients: Negative ECRT practically includes recurrent ulcer risk; positive ECRT of large extension is related to fivefold higher recurrent ulcer risk compared with ECRT of small extension; and ECRT reflects BAO, MAO, and NAO results and can be used instead of them as a less time-consuming procedure, which is more convenient for the patient.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Congo Red', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastric Acid', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastroscopy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Factors', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Vagotomy']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.555.300', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.650.250', 'D04.615.638.555.300'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A12.200.307.603'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.325', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.320', 'E04.210.240.250.320', 'E04.502.250.250.250.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['E04.525.210.105.600.850']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

[A complication of inferior dental nerve block: temporary ocular palsy].

An interesting case of temporary ocular palsy, a complication of inferior dental nerve block was reported. Symptom, sign and proper management were described. Several updated literatures on this topic were reviewed and concluded that this complication might be explained by accidental intra-arterial injection of anesthetic solution. To prevent this serious complication, aspirating before each injection by an aspirated syringe was strongly recommended.

['Anesthesia, Dental', 'Anesthesia, Local', 'Humans', 'Mandibular Nerve', 'Ophthalmoplegia']

[['E03.155.141', 'E06.045'], ['E03.155.086.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.800.800.120.760.500'], ['C10.292.562.750', 'C10.597.622.447', 'C11.590.472', 'C23.888.592.636.447']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Ischaemic stroke after exposure to aflibercept: interaction with vitamin K antagonist and/or direct pharmacodynamic effect?

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins are involved in the regulation of vascular endothelium, and their inhibition led to the development of a number of drugs used for malignancies or exudative neo-vascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of ischemic stroke in an 87-year-old woman having received intravitreal aflibercept, a new anti-VEGF for AMD. She had been treated with ranibizumab since 2007. In 2013, ranibizumab was replaced with aflibercept, followed by a decrease in the International Normalized Ratio, complicated by a stroke a few days later. The rechallenge was positive.WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: A potential time-dependent interaction between aflibercept and VKA antagonist and/or a direct effect of aflibercept may have contributed to the occurrence of the ischaemic stroke. Currently available data suggest some pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of aflibercept by explaining its pro-thrombotic profile.

['Anticoagulants', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'International Normalized Ratio', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Ranibizumab', 'Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Stroke', 'Time Factors', 'Vitamin K']

[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.320', 'E05.200.625.115.320'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['C11.768.585.439'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.868', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.868', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.868'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721.374', 'D02.455.849.291.523.500', 'D04.615.638.721.374']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

Improving diabetes care and outcomes in a rural primary care clinic.

BACKGROUND: Data have shown that despite the availability of a wide variety of treatment approaches to normalize plasma glucose, the great majority of diabetic patients remain poorly controlled. The goal of a small, rural health care organization that included a critical access hospital and a 25-provider physician group was to improve glycated hemoglobin (A1C) outcomes among patients with Type 2 diabetes and to improve frequency of testing (A1C) levels. IMPLEMENTING THE IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE: Academic detailing in practice guidelines with algorithms for care and a diabetes self-management education program were the first key activities in the improvement initiative. A variety of performance improvement activities were implemented. A diabetes care flow sheet was used to monitor and report process and outcome measurements. A diabetes registry to enter process and outcome data was introduced; data can be displayed by specific provider, by the organization as a whole, by patients whose A1C is > 7, and by patients who have not had an A1C in the last six months. The diabetes care team includes the patient, the primary care provider who provides medical management, and the diabetes educators (pharmacist and dietitian).RESULTS: As of December 2005, hemoglobin A1C levels averaged 6.7 for the 566 patients in the registry.DISCUSSION: The greatest barrier to implementing the initiative lies in the challenge of trying to provide chronic care in an acute care medical model.

['Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Awards and Prizes', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Hospitals, Rural', 'Humans', 'Multi-Institutional Systems', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Primary Health Care', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Self Care', 'Wisconsin']

[['N02.278.035'], ['K01.150'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['N02.278.421.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.540'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.900']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Liver disease in Felty's syndrome.

Eighteen patients with Felty's syndrome were examined prospectively for the presence of hepatic abnormalities. Twelve patients had abnormal liver histologic features: five with nodular regenerative hyperplasia and seven with portal fibrosis or abnormal lobular architecture. Only seven of the 12 had abnormal liver chemistry results. Four of the 12 had portal hypertension, and three bled from esophageal varices compared with one of six with normal histologic features. When patients with normal and abnormal liver histologic findings were compared, there was no difference in clinical, serologic, or extra-articular manifestations between the two groups, although there was a tendency for the patients with abnormal findings to have a higher incidence of vasculopathy. All patients with Felty's syndrome should be screened for hepatic abnormalities and portal hypertension as they have an increased likelihood of bleeding from esophageal varices.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Felty Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Liver Diseases', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C05.550.114.154.389', 'C05.799.114.389', 'C17.300.775.099.389', 'C20.111.199.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['C06.552'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Quantifying remediation effectiveness under variable external forcing using contaminant rating curves.

Remediation efforts are typically assessed through before-and-after comparisons of contaminant concentrations or loads. These comparisons can be misleading when external drivers, such as weather conditions, differ between the pre- and postremediation monitoring periods. Here, we show that remediation effectiveness may be better assessed by comparing pre- and postremediation contaminant rating curves, which permit "all else equal" comparisons of pre- and postremediation contaminant concentrations and loads under at any specified external forcing. We illustrate this approach with a remediation case study at an abandoned mercury mine in Northern California. Measured mercury loads in the stream draining the mine site were a factor of 1000 smaller after the remediation than before, superficially suggesting that the cleanup was 99.9% effective, but rainstorms were weaker and less frequent during the postremediation monitoring period. Our analysis shows that this difference in weather conditions alone reduced mercury loads at our site by a factor of 73-85, with a further factor of 12.6-14.5 being attributable to the remediation itself, implying that the cleanup was 92-93% (rather than 99.9%) effective. Our results illustrate the need to account for external confounding drivers when assessing remediation efforts, particularly in systems with highly episodic forcing.

['California', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Environmental Restoration and Remediation', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Mercury', 'Mining', 'Nephelometry and Turbidimetry', 'Rain', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']

[['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['N06.230.080.600', 'N06.850.460.375'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['J01.576.655.875.500'], ['E05.196.712.650'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]

['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

The mechanism of inhibition by H2 of H2-evolution by hydrogenases.

By analysing the results of experiments carried out with two FeFe hydrogenases and several "channel mutants" of a NiFe hydrogenase, we demonstrate that whether or not hydrogen evolution is significantly inhibited by H2 is not a consequence of active site chemistry, but rather relates to H2 transport within the enzyme.

['Hydrogen', 'Hydrogenase', 'Iron-Sulfur Proteins', 'Models, Molecular']

[['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['D08.811.682.400'], ['D12.776.157.427.374.375', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375'], ['E05.599.595']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Fluorofenidone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice via restoring caveolin 1 expression and inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, life-threatening, interstitial lung disease with no effective therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fluorofenidone (FD), a novel pyridone agent, on a murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Institute for Cancer Research mice were intravenously injected with BLM or saline for 14 consecutive days. Fluorofenidone, pirfenidone (500 mg · kg · d, respectively), or vehicle was administered throughout the course of the experiment. Animals were killed on day 28, and various parameters reflecting pulmonary vascular permeability, influx of inflammatory cells, and levels of transforming growth factor â in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed. Collagen I, á-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Furthermore, caveolin 1 and activation of P38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase were detected by Western blot. Fluorofenidone treatment significantly attenuated the increased pulmonary damage index score, the levels of proteins, transforming growth factor â, and the influx of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Fluorofenidone also markedly reduced the expression of fibronectin, á-smooth muscle actin, and collagen I in mouse lung tissues. Inversely, FD restored caveolin 1 protein and mRNA expression, which was significantly downregulated in BLM-induced lung fibrosis. Fluorofenidone also inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, P38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These findings collectively suggest that FD is an effective agent with antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties, and the mechanisms of its antifibrotic effect include regulating caveolin 1 expression and blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.

['Actins', 'Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Bleomycin', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Caveolin 1', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fibronectins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Phosphorylation', 'Pneumonia', 'Pyridones', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']

[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['D09.400.420.110', 'D12.644.233.110'], ['E05.927.100'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['D12.644.360.024.264', 'D12.776.157.057.010', 'D12.776.476.024.280', 'D12.776.543.990.100.500', 'D12.776.744.287'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['G05.308'], ['C08.381.765.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['D03.383.725.791'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']

Tailoring treatment for ductal intraepithelial neoplasia of the breast according to Ki-67 and molecular phenotype.

BACKGROUND: The post-surgical management of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) of the breast is still a dilemma. Ki-67 labelling index (LI) has been proposed as an independent predictive and prognostic factor in early breast cancer.METHODS: The prognostic and predictive roles of Ki-67 LI were evaluated with a multivariable Cox regression model in a cohort of 1171 consecutive patients operated for DIN in a single institution from 1997 to 2007.RESULTS: Radiotherapy (RT) was protective in subjects with DIN with Ki-67 LI ? 14%, whereas no evidence of benefit was seen for Ki-67 LI <14%, irrespective of nuclear grade and presence of necrosis. Notably, the higher the Ki-67 LI, the stronger the effect of RT (P-interaction <0.01). Hormonal therapy (HT) was effective in both Luminal A (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.56 (95% CI, 0.33-0.97)) and Luminal B/Her2neg DIN (HR 0.51 (95% CI, 0.27-0.95)).CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that Ki-67 LI may be a useful prognostic and predictive adjunct in DIN patients. The Ki-67 LI of 14% could be a potential cutoff for better categorising this population of women at increased risk for breast cancer and in which adjuvant treatment (RT, HT) should be differently addressed, independent of histological grade and presence of necrosis.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tamoxifen']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.275', 'C04.557.470.200.240.187.250', 'C04.557.470.615.275'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.660.625.500', 'D23.050.290.500', 'D23.101.140.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Historical consequences of the infertility of Otto (1815-67) and Amelia (1818-75), first Royal couple of Greece.

After the Greek Independence (1830), the first King, Otto from the Wittelsbach dynasty (Bayer), was married to Amelia from the House of Oldenburg (1836). Their failure to produce an heir to the throne, eagerly expected by the people, contributed much to their abdication in 1862, as an additional factor at the general, opposition to their way of governing. The responsibility for the couples sterility became a matter of political controversies among their families, their countries and the other European thrones after the unsuccessful medical diagnoses and treatments of the most eminent Greek and German physicians. This paper examines their failure to continue the throne, the medical circumstances, and the historical and political consequences.

['Famous Persons', 'Female', 'Government', 'Greece', 'History, 19th Century', 'Humans', 'Infertility', 'Male']

[['K01.517.211.506', 'M01.228'], ['I01.409', 'N03.540.348'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365', 'C13.351.500.365']]

['Humanities [K]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization identifies novel rearrangements of chromosomes 6, 15, and 18 in primary uveal melanoma.

Uveal melanomas are the commonest ocular tumour of adults and are characterized by reproducible alterations of chromosomes 1, 3, 6 and 8. These alterations are of prognostic relevance and have also be shown to correlate to high risk and low risk metastatic categories of uveal melanoma as defined by micro-array analysis. It is, however, possible that a catalogue of relevant genetic alterations, involving gene rearrangement rather than amplification, have as yet eluded identification. To address this point we examined 14 primary uveal melanomas, using 24 colour multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH). All tumours were karyotyped following G-Banding, and M-FISH was performed to confirm and clarify the identity of abnormal chromosomes. M-FISH data were obtained from all tumours and was able to establish the nature of most abnormalities not fully characterized by cytogenetics. Abnormalities of chromosome 6 were far more frequent than previously indicated, in approximately 70% of cases, indicating they have been substantially underrepresented in past studies of uveal melanoma. Spindle melanomas were found to have novel rearrangements affecting in particular chromosomes 6, 15 and 18, suggesting that juxtaposition of genes through translocational events may play a role in the development of some uveal melanomas. In conclusion, this study is the largest of primary uveal melanoma analysed by M-FISH and indicates that alterations of chromosome 6 have previously been underestimated. Furthermore spindle melanomas are prone to rearrangements affecting chromosomes 6, 15 and 18, which may relate to early changes in uveal melanoma development or associate with those melanomas of a more differentiated status.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Uveal Neoplasms']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.370.385', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370.385'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.430', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.430'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.330', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.330'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.364.978', 'C11.319.494', 'C11.941.855']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Histologic regression of localized prostatic tumor with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy].

OBJECTIVES: To determine the usefulness of preoperative hormone therapy in patients with organ-confined prostatic carcinoma undergoing radical prostatectomy.METHODS: 7 patients with localized prostatic carcinoma are presented. All patients were submitted to radical prostatectomy; 4 had been randomly selected for preoperative hormone therapy.RESULTS: Histological examination showed no nodal involvement in all cases. The tumor could not be identified (Po) in two of the four patients who received hormone therapy. The other two patients were staged down; the Gleason score remained unchanged in one and increased in the other. The patients who did not receive preoperative hormone therapy showed concordant clinical and pathological stages, except one in whom infiltration of the prostatic capsule was observed. No difference was found concerning the facility in performing surgery between the treated and untreated patients.CONCLUSIONS: Hormonal deprivation eliminated the tumor burden in two cases that might have been completely hormone sensitive, with no correlation in the pretreatment histological grade. Clinical downstaging is achieved by this treatment modality. However, further studies in larger series comparing the percentages of downstaging, histological downgrading, absence of tumor cells in the surgical specimen and impact on survivorship are warranted.

['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Flutamide', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Remission Induction']

[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.065.199.420', 'D02.092.146.113.420'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.860']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

Aggressive bladder carcinoma in an HIV-positive man with tetraplegia and neurogenic bladder.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury who are managed long term with an indwelling catheter are known to be at increased risk for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for malignancies that often are more aggresSive than those seen in normal populations.METHOD: Case report and discussion of management recommendations.RESULTS: We summarize the case of a 44-year-old HIV-positive C5-C6 incomplete tetraplegic male (date of injury 1980), who was diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and succumbed to disease within 6 months of diagnosis. The patient was a non-smoker who was never managed with an indwelling catheter. There has been no such case reported in the literature.CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection in the presence of a neurogenic bladder may carry an increased risk of aggressive bladder malignancy. More studies are warranted to determine whether routine annual screening with cystoscopy in all patients with HIV and neurogenic bladder is indicated.

['Adult', 'Carcinoma', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Quadriplegia', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic']

[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.622.760', 'C23.888.592.636.786'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor on corneal sensitivity after laser in situ keratomileusis in rabbit.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on corneal sensitivity after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery.METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. A hinged corneal flap (160-µm thick) was created with a microkeratome, and -3.0 diopter excimer laser ablation was performed. Expressions of MIF mRNA in the corneal epithelial cells and surrounding inflammatory cells were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at 48 hours after LASIK. After LASIK surgery, the rabbits were topically given either 1) a balanced salt solution (BSS), 2) MIF (100 ng/mL) alone, or 3) a combination of nerve growth factor (NGF, 100 ug/mL), neurotrophine-3 (NT-3, 100 ng/mL), interleukin-6 (IL-6, 5 ng/mL), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF, 5 ng/mL) four times a day for three days. Preoperative and postoperative corneal sensitivity at two weeks and at 10 weeks were assessed using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer.RESULTS: Expression of MIF mRNA was 2.5-fold upregulated in the corneal epithelium and 1.5-fold upregulated in the surrounding inflammatory cells as compared with the control eyes. Preoperative baseline corneal sensitivity was 40.56 ± 2.36 mm. At two weeks after LASIK, corneal sensitivity was 9.17 ± 5.57 mm in the BSS treated group, 21.92 ± 2.44 mm in the MIF treated group, and 22.42 ± 1.59 mm in the neuronal growth factors-treated group (MIF vs. BSS, p < 0.0001; neuronal growth factors vs. BSS, p < 0.0001; MIF vs. neuronal growth factors, p = 0.815). At 10 weeks after LASIK, corneal sensitivity was 15.00 ± 9.65, 35.00 ± 5.48, and 29.58 ± 4.31 mm respectively (MIF vs. BSS, p = 0.0001; neuronal growth factors vs. BSS, p = 0.002; MIF vs. neuronal growth factors, p = 0.192). Treatment with MIF alone could achieve as much of an effect on recovery of corneal sensation as treatment with combination of NGF, NT-3, IL-6, and LIF.CONCLUSIONS: Topically administered MIF plays a significant role in the early recovery of corneal sensitivity after LASIK in the experimental animal model.

['Animals', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ', 'Leukemia Inhibitory Factor', 'Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors', 'Models, Animal', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neurotrophin 3', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Recovery of Function', 'Sensation']

[['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060.217.325', 'A10.272.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['E02.594.480.750', 'E04.014.520.480.750', 'E04.378.500.750', 'E04.540.825.437.374'], ['D12.644.276.374.470', 'D12.776.467.374.470', 'D23.529.374.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.480.625', 'D12.776.467.374.480.625', 'D23.125.477.500', 'D23.529.374.480.625'], ['E05.598'], ['D12.644.276.860.437', 'D12.776.467.860.437', 'D12.776.631.600.437', 'D23.529.850.437'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['D12.644.276.860.775', 'D12.776.467.860.775', 'D12.776.631.600.775', 'D23.529.850.775'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G16.757'], ['F02.830.816', 'G11.561.790']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

The prognosis of melanoma patients with metastases to two or more lymph node areas.

The prognosis of melanoma patients who present with metastatic involvement of two or more noncontiguous lymph node regions before the detection of extranodal metastases has not been previously reported. We identified 21 patients with metastatic melanoma in at least two nodal basins in a review of 175 patients with melanoma undergoing lymphadenectomy at the National Cancer Institute. The median survival time of these patients was 46 months, with 55%, 27%, and 17% of the patients alive 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively, after the second lymphadenectomy. Because the prognosis of melanoma patients with metastases to two or more regional nodal areas appears equivalent to that of patients with metastatic involvement of only one regional node site, lymphadenectomy of the involved groups should be performed with therapeutically curative intent.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'BCG Vaccine', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dacarbazine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Lomustine', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Prognosis', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D20.215.894.135.825.100'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.925.200', 'D03.383.129.308.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['D02.065.950.594.440', 'D02.654.692.440'], ['E04.446'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']

In vivo monitoring of extracellular glutamate in the brain with a microsensor.

Recent discoveries have revealed that glutamatergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system is mediated by a dynamic interplay between neurons and astrocytes. To enhance our understanding of this process, the study of extracellular glutamate is crucial. At present, microdialysis is the most frequently used analytical technique to monitor extracellular glutamate levels directly in the brain. However, the neuronal and physiological origin of the detected glutamate levels is questioned as they do not fulfil the classical release criteria for exocytotic release, such as calcium dependency or response to the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxine (TTX). It is hypothesized that an analytical technique with a higher spatial and temporal resolution is required. Glutamate microsensors provide a promising analytical solution to meet this requirement. In the present study, we applied a 10 micro m diameter hydrogel-coated glutamate microsensor to monitor extracellular glutamate levels in the striatum of anesthetized rats. To explore the potential of the microsensor, different pharmacological agents were injected in the vicinity of the sensor at an approximate distance of 100 micro m. It was observed that KCl, exogenous glutamate, kainate and the reuptake inhibitor DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (DL-TBOA) increased the extracellular glutamate levels significantly. TTX decreased the basal extracellular glutamate levels approximately 90%, which indicates that the microsensor is capable of detecting neuronally derived glutamate. This is one of the first studies in which a microsensor is applied in vivo on a routine base, and it is concluded that microsensor research can contribute significantly to improve our understanding of the physiology of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain.

['Animals', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Biological Assay', 'Brain', 'Down-Regulation', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists', 'Extracellular Fluid', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate', 'Male', 'Microelectrodes', 'Molecular Probe Techniques', 'Neurochemistry', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sodium Channel Blockers']

[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['E05.091'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.200', 'D27.505.696.577.190.200'], ['A11.284.295.260', 'A12.207.270'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.485', 'D05.750.219.500', 'D05.750.741.485', 'D20.280.320.609.500', 'D25.720.532.500', 'D25.720.741.485', 'D26.255.165.320.375.375', 'J01.637.051.720.584.500', 'J01.637.051.720.741.485'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['E05.601'], ['H01.158.201.687', 'H01.158.610.110', 'H01.181.122.709'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D27.505.519.562.750', 'D27.505.954.411.720']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

A microsatellite genetic linkage map of human chromosome 18.

We isolated nine new microsatellite markers from chromosome 18 and further characterized and mapped eight microsatellites developed in other laboratories. We have constructed a framework linkage map of chromosome 18 that includes 14 microsatellite markers (12 dinucleotide and 2 tetranucleotide) and 2 RFLP markers. Cytogenetic localization for the microsatellites was performed by PCR amplification of 18 somatic cell hybrids containing different deletions of chromosome 18. Twelve of the microsatellites and one of the RFLPs have heterozygosites greater than 70%. The average heterozygosity of the markers included in the map is 72%. In addition, we have made provisional placements of 3 more microsatellite markers and 2 more RFLP markers. The map lengths (in Kosambi centimorgans) are as follows: sex-averaged, 109.3 cM; male, 72.4 cM; female, 161.2 cM. The average distance between markers in the sex-averaged map is 7.3 cM, and the largest gap between markers is 16.7 cM. Analysis of the data for differences in the female:male map distance ratio revealed significant evidence for a constant difference in the ratio (chi 2 = 32.25; df = 1; P < 0.001; ratio = 2.5:1). Furthermore, there was significant evidence in favor of a variable female:male map distance ratio across the chromosome compared to a constant distance ratio (chi 2 = 27.78; df = 14; P = 0.015). To facilitate their use in genomic screening for disease genes, all of the microsatellite markers used here can be amplified under standard PCR conditions, and most can be used in duplex PCR reactions.

['Base Sequence', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18', 'DNA, Satellite', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Sex Characteristics']

[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.430', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.430'], ['D13.444.308.480', 'G02.111.570.080.708.800.150', 'G05.360.080.708.800.150', 'G05.360.340.024.220.150', 'G05.360.340.024.850.150'], ['G05.348'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.728'], ['G08.686.815']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of 14C-ethion in goats.

Tissue concentration and elimination and urinary excretion were followed after intravenous injection of 14C-ethion in 12 goats. Tissue levels were determined in two goats after 8 hr and on each of days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 after exposure. During the four-week period plasma and all tissues examined (liver, kidney, fat, muscle, lung, heart and brain) had detectable 14C-residues, the highest values being found in liver, kidney and fat. Elimination of 14C-residues was faster in the first 3 days than in the later part of the experiment, where the elimination half-life for most tissues was approximately 2 weeks. During the first two weeks after exposure, 77% of the administered dose was eliminated in urine (55%) and faeces (22%). TLC of urine collected over the first 15 hr after exposure showed at least 8 bands of metabolites, five of which accounted for about two thirds of the dose excreted in urine.

['Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Goats', 'Half-Life', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Organothiophosphorus Compounds', 'Tissue Distribution']

[['B01.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['G01.910.405'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D02.705.539', 'D02.886.300'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Fluorescence decrease of conjugated polymers by the catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase and its application in phenolic compounds detection.

We report the fluorescence decrease of the water-soluble ð-ð-conjugated polymer poly(2-methoxy-5-propyloxy sulfonate phenylene vinylene, MPS-PPV) by the catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase in the presence of H(2)O(2). MPS-PPV acts as a donor substrate in the catalytic cycle of horseradish peroxidase where the electron-deficient enzymatic intermediates compounds I and II can subtract electrons from the polymer leading to its fluorescence decrease. The addition of phenolic drug acetaminophen to the former solution favors the decrease of the polymer fluorescence, which indicates the peroxidase-catalyzed co-oxidation of MPS-PPV and acetaminophen. The encapsulation of horseradish peroxidase within polyacrylamide microgels allows the isolation of intermediates compound I and compound II from the polymer, leading to a fluorescence decrease that is only due to the product of biocatalytic acetaminophen oxidation. This system could be used to develop a new device for phenolic compounds detection.

['Acetaminophen', 'Biocatalysis', 'Horseradish Peroxidase', 'Polymers', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']

[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['G02.111.086', 'G02.130.500', 'G03.105'], ['D08.811.682.732.512'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Standardizing for microsatellite length in comparisons of genetic diversity.

Mutation rates at microsatellites tend to increase with the number of repeats of the motif, leading to higher levels of polymorphism at long microsatellites. To standardize levels of diversity when microsatellites differ in size, we investigate the relationship between tract length and variation and provide a formula to adjust allelic richness to a fixed mean number of repeats in the specific case of chloroplast microsatellites. A comparison between 39 loci from eight species of conifers (where chloroplast DNA is paternally inherited) and 64 loci from 12 species of angiosperms (where chloroplast DNA is generally predominantly maternally inherited) indicates that the greater allelic richness found in conifers remains significant after controlling for number of repeats. The approach stresses the advantage of reporting variation in number of repeats instead of relative fragment sizes.

['DNA, Chloroplast', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Variation', 'Magnoliopsida', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Models, Genetic', 'Mutation', 'Regression Analysis', 'Tracheophyta']

[['D13.444.308.283.170', 'D13.444.308.435.275'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Genetic trends of conformation traits and genetic correlations to osteochondrosis in boars.

The objective of our study was to investigate the heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits from a linear exterior assessment system and osteochondrosis (OC) measured by computed tomography (CT), and in addition, to study the genetic trend in a population where the conformation traits have been included in the breeding goal. The data material consisted of phenotypes from a total of 4571 Norsvin Landrace test boars. At the end of the test period, all boars were subjected to a detailed exterior assessment system. Within 10 days of the assessment, the boars were CT scanned for measuring OC. The total score of osteochondrosis (OCT), used in this study, is the sum of phenotypes from the assessment on the medial and lateral condyles at the distal end of both the humerus and the femur of the right and the left leg of the boar based on images from CT. The exterior assessment traits included in the study were; 'front leg knee' (FKNE), 'front leg pasterns' (FPAS), 'front leg stance' (FSTA), 'front leg twisted pasterns' (FFLK), 'hind leg stance', 'hind leg pasterns' (HPAS), 'hind leg standing under' (HSTU), 'hind leg small inner toe', 'dipped back', 'arched back' (ARCH) and 'waddling hindquarters' (WADL). The estimation of (co)variance components and breeding values were performed using bivariate animal genetic models. Breeding values for HSTU, HPAS, FPAS, WADL and OCT traits were additional outputs from the same bivariate analyses. The lowest heritability was found for FFLK (h 2 FFLK=0.05), whereas FPAS was estimated to have the highest heritability (h 2 FPAS=0.36), and OCT demonstrating a heritability of 0.29. Significant genetic correlations were found between several traits; the strongest correlation was between FSTA and FFLK (0.94), which was followed by the correlation between FPAS and FKNE (0.69). The traits ARCH and FSTA had significant genetic correlations to OCT, whereas all other genetic correlations between OCT and the conformation traits were low and not significantly different from 0. Our study shows positive genetic trends for the conformation traits included in the breeding goal. In general, low genetic correlations between conformation traits and OC were observed in our study.

['Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Breeding', 'Forelimb', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Hindlimb', 'Male', 'Osteochondrosis', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']

[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['A13.395'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['A13.473'], ['C05.116.821'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']

Outcomes of 447 SCORE® highly congruent mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasties after 5-10 years follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasties (TKA) with an anatomical trochlea is to reduce polyethylene wear, the risk of loosening, and patellofemoral complications. Rotating mobile-bearing SCORE(®) TKA was designed according to these principles with standard instrumentation for component placement and a specific computer navigation system, Amplivision(®).HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the results of SCORE(®) TKA would be satisfactory and better using computer navigation with or without patellar resurfacing and that there would be no specific patellofemoral complications associated with this trochlear design.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred and forty-seven SCORE(®) TKA were performed. Outcome assessment was based on the IKS score, and component survival calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 6.6 years (maximum 10.6 years). Six percent of patients were lost to follow-up. Ninety-eight percent of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied. The IKS knee score was 89 points and the function score was 86. The mechanical axis was 180° (174-186), and it was significantly improved if the initial deformity was severe and TKA was computer navigated. There were nine revisions (one for fracture, two for pain, two for stiffness, four for infection).DISCUSSION: This study confirmed our hypothesis: the results of SCORE(®) TKA were very satisfying after at least 5 years of follow-up because there was no mechanical loosening, no bearing dislocation and no patellofemoral complications with or without patellar resurfacing. Results were identical whether patellar resurfacing was performed or not. Although clinical results were not better for computer- navigated TKA, radiological results were. At 98 months of follow-up, component survival in relation to the risk of aseptic loosening or patellofemoral complications was 100%.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV continuous retrospective study.

['Aged', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'France', 'Humans', 'Knee Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.400.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E04.749'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Clinical recommendations for diagnosing, treatment and monitoring of patients with endometrial cancer -- Croatian Oncology Society and Croatian Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics as Croatian Medical Association units and Croatian Society of Gynecological Oncology].

Uterine cancer occurs mainly in postmenopausal women, usually as vaginal bleeding. Following ovarian and cervical cancer it is the third most common cause of female reproductive system cancer death. Diagnosis is set by analyzing samples obtained via hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic / paraaortal lymphadenectomy. The following text presents the clinical guidelines in order to standardize the procedures and criteria for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with uterine cancer in the Republic of Croatia.

['Croatia', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovariectomy', 'Salpingectomy']

[['Z01.542.248.295'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['E04.446'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['E04.950.300.715']]

['Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Changes in cardiac diastolic dimensions precede hypertrophy in early stages of hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been identified as a main target organ change resulting from hypertension, also being a long-term predictor of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death. However, very few longitudinal studies exist following the development of LVH in the hypertensive process.METHODS: The present longitudinal study investigated a population based group of borderline hypertensive men (BHT, n = 66, diastolic blood pressure (BP) 85-94 mm Hg). M-mode echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 3 years, and anthropometrical data recorded.RESULTS: There was no increase in LVH indices over the 3-year period, while there was a statistically significant increase in aortic root dimension (P < 0.001), left atrial diameter in diastole (LADD, P < 0.001), left ventricular diameter in diastole (LVDD, P < 0.001) and peak systolic wall stress (PSWS, P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection time (LVET, P < 0.01). Baseline BP levels correlated to PSWS (P < 0.05) but not to LVH indices, whereas body mass index (BMI) correlated significantly to wall thickness (P < 0.05) and LV mass (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: LVH indices did not increase over a 3-year period. However, there was a significant increase in aortic root dimension, LADD, LVDD and PSWS, and a significantly shortened LVET, suggesting that these changes precede any increase in LVH. Finally, BMI showed stronger correlation to LVH indices than did BP levels.

['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Mass Index', 'Diastole', 'Echocardiography', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Smoking']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G09.330.580.295', 'G11.427.494.554.250', 'G11.427.494.570.295'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.805']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in nephrotic syndrome.

Previous studies on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and fluid volumes in patients with nephrotic syndrome have not considered the nature of the underlying renal lesion. We compared plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma aldosterone (PA), and plasma volume in three groups of patients: five nephrotic patients with minimal change disease on renal biopsy, seven nephrotic patients with other renal histopathology, and a control group of eight patients investigated for glomerulonephritis with no past or present nephrosis. PRC and PA were significantly greater in nephrotic patients with minimal change disease than other renal histopathology (Supine PRC 42 +/- 7 microIU/mL compared with 14 +/- 4, P less than 0.01; ambulant PRC 56 +/- 7 microIU/mL compared with 29 +/- 10, P less than 0.05; supine PA 158 +/- 55 pg/mL compared with 53 +/- 13, P less than 0.05; and ambulant PA 167 +/- 57 pg/mL compared with 29 +/- 10, P less than 0.05. Plasma volume was similar in all three groups, contrary to predictions from the Starling capillary fluid exchange hypothesis. Nephrosis may be characterized by different pathophysiologic groups according to the underlying renal histopathology. High plasma renin and aldosterone levels may be markers for minimal change disease.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aldosterone', 'Blood Volume', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephrotic Syndrome', 'Renin', 'Renin-Angiotensin System', 'Sodium']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.777.419.630.643', 'C13.351.968.419.630.643'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['G03.820', 'G09.330.380.813'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

[Early human papillomavirus testing predicts residual/recurrent disease after LEEP risk factors for predicting residual disease in high-grade squamous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia following LEEP conization].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for residual/recurrent disease of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and the timing point for postoperative follow-up.METHODS: 428 patients with CIN 2 or CIN 3 who were treated with LEEP were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative follow-up was performed by Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) hybrid capture 2 (HC2) testing. The definition of persistent/recurrent disease was biopsy-proven CIN 2 or worse.RESULTS: 296 patients were CIN 2 and 132 were CIN 3 among 428 patients. The positive rate of HPV HC2 before LEEP was 86.7% (371/428). During follow-up, 26 patients (6.1%) had residual/recurrent disease, the positive LEEP margin, especially the cone top status, was a significant risk factor for persistent/recurrent disease. Other factors such as age, HPV viral load [> or =100 relative light units (RLU)], and HPV typing (type 16/18 vs. other types) did not predict recurrence. HPV HC2 test at 3 months after LEEP can find all the residual/recurrent disease, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the HPV HC2 test for residual/recurrent disease were both 100% at 3 and 6 months.CONCLUSION: The positive margin of LEEP specimen especially the cone top status was a significant risk factor for residual/recurrent disease after LEEP. HPV test at 3 months during follow-up can offer timely information about residual/recurrent disease and help for the risk control in treatment selection.

['Biopsy', 'Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'Conization', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Papanicolaou Test', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears', 'Viral Load']

[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.240.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.160', 'E01.370.225.998.054.160', 'E01.370.388.100.160', 'E04.074.160', 'E05.200.500.384.100.160', 'E05.200.998.054.160', 'E05.242.384.100.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.697.700', 'C23.550.727.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.422', 'E01.370.225.998.054.422', 'E04.074.422', 'E05.200.500.384.100.422', 'E05.200.998.054.422', 'E05.242.384.100.422'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Organic UV filters exposure induces the production of inflammatory cytokines in human macrophages.

Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters, found in many personal care products, are considered emerging contaminants due to growing concerns about potential long-term deleterious effects. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of four commonly used organic UV filters (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, BP-3; 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 4-MBC; 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, EHMC; and butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane, BDM) on human macrophages. Our results indicated that exposure to these four UV filters significantly increased the production of various inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, particular tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). After exposure to the UV filters, a significant 1.1-1.5 fold increase were found in TNF-á and IL-6 mRNA expression. In addition, both the p38 MAPK and the NF-êB signaling pathways were enhanced 2 to 10 times in terms of phosphorylation after exposure to the UV filters, suggesting that these pathways are involved in the release of TNF-á and IL-6. Molecular docking analysis predicted that all four UV filter molecules would efficiently bind transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which is responsible for the activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-êB pathways. Our results therefore demonstrate that exposure to the four organic UV filters investigated may alter human immune system function. It provides new clue for the development of asthma or allergic diseases in terms of the environmental pollutants.

['Benzophenones', 'Camphor', 'Cell Line', 'Cinnamates', 'Cytokines', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Macrophages', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Propiophenones', 'Sunscreening Agents', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']

[['D02.455.426.559.389.134', 'D02.522.223'], ['D02.455.426.100.080.050.500.326', 'D02.455.426.100.080.550.234.326', 'D02.455.849.575.141.500.326', 'D02.522.376', 'D04.075.080.500.234.326'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.241.223.200'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D02.522.818'], ['D27.505.696.706.776.800', 'D27.505.954.444.695', 'D27.720.269.800', 'D27.720.799.763.764'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']

A coarse-grain MD (molecular dynamic) simulation of PCL-PEG and PLA-PEG aggregation as a computational model for prediction of the drug-loading efficacy of doxorubicin.

Formulating a hydrophobic drug that is water-soluble is a pharmaceutical challenge. One way is to incorporate the drug in an amphiphilic micelle composed from an aggregation of block copolymers. Design of a good nano-micelle requires many trial-and-error attempts. In this article, we developed a computational model based on a coarse-grained molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and correlated outputs with previous studies. A good correlation shows that this model reliably simulates poly-lactic acid-poly-ethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) and poly-caprolactone (PCL)-PEG aggregation in water with and without the presence of doxorubicin. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

['Doxorubicin', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Ethylene Oxide', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Lactates', 'Lactones', 'Micelles', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Neoplasms', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Solubility', 'Water']

[['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D02.355.291.411.417'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.540'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['C04'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G02.805'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Technical and policy approaches to balancing patient privacy and data sharing in clinical and translational research.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical researchers need to share data to support scientific validation and information reuse and to comply with a host of regulations and directives from funders. Various organizations are constructing informatics resources in the form of centralized databases to ensure reuse of data derived from sponsored research. The widespread use of such open databases is contingent on the protection of patient privacy.METHODS: We review privacy-related problems associated with data sharing for clinical research from technical and policy perspectives. We investigate existing policies for secondary data sharing and privacy requirements in the context of data derived from research and clinical settings. In particular, we focus on policies specified by the US National Institutes of Health and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and touch on how these policies are related to current and future use of data stored in public database archives. We address aspects of data privacy and identifiability from a technical, although approachable, perspective and summarize how biomedical databanks can be exploited and seemingly anonymous records can be reidentified using various resources without hacking into secure computer systems.RESULTS: We highlight which clinical and translational data features, specified in emerging research models, are potentially vulnerable or exploitable. In the process, we recount a recent privacy-related concern associated with the publication of aggregate statistics from pooled genome-wide association studies that have had a significant impact on the data sharing policies of National Institutes of Health-sponsored databanks.CONCLUSION: Based on our analysis and observations we provide a list of recommendations that cover various technical, legal, and policy mechanisms that open clinical databases can adopt to strengthen data privacy protection as they move toward wider deployment and adoption.

['Base Sequence', 'Computer Security', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Information Dissemination', 'National Institutes of Health (U.S.)', 'Phenotype', 'Privacy', 'Translational Medical Research', 'United States']

[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['L01.224.134', 'N04.452.910.200'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.143.443'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496', 'N03.540.052.750', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496'], ['G05.695'], ['I01.880.604.473.352.500', 'N03.706.437.352.500', 'N03.706.615.862'], ['H01.770.644.145.675'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Effect of noxious tail pinch on the discharge rate of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine neurons: selective activation of the mesocortical system.

The effects of noxious tail pinch on the activity of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons located in the ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum were analyzed in ketamine-anesthetized rats. The great majority of mesocortical DA neurons responded to tail pinch, either by an excitation (65%), or by an inhibition (25%). In contrast, most DA neurons projecting either to the nucleus accumbens or the septum remained unaffected. These results demonstrate that noxious tail pinch selectively influences the firing rate of mesocortical DA neurons.

['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Dopamine', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Limbic System', 'Male', 'Neural Conduction', 'Neural Pathways', 'Pain', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tegmentum Mesencephali']

[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['E05.723.402'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['A08.186.211.180'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['A08.612'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry procedure with automated solid phase extraction sample preparation for the quantitative determination of paclitaxel (Taxol) in human plasma.

A sensitive, specific, accurate and reproducible analytical method was developed and validated for the quantitation of the anticancer agent paclitaxel in human plasma. This procedure is based on high performance liquid chromatography/ion spray-tandem mass spectrometry. This methodology is highly specific because a MS/MS technique (multiple reactant-ion monitoring, MRM) was used for both paclitaxel and its internal standard. The use of a fully automated solid phase extraction procedure, using a CN Sep-pak cartridge, to improve the detection limit and quantification limit of paclitaxel in human plasma samples, was evaluated. The method involves the addition of methyl-paclitaxel as internal standard (i.s.). The retention times of paclitaxel and the I.S. were 2.8 and 4.0 min., respectively. The assay was linear over the range 5 to 500 ng/mL, with a quantification limit of 5 ng/mL having a coefficient of variation (c.v.) < 10%. Standard calibration curves, performed on three different days, had correlation coefficients always greater than 0.998. The intra and inter-day precision were within 12%, and accuracy was included in the range 102-110%. Paclitaxel recovery assessed at 15,250 and 500 ng/mL, was determined to be greater than 85%. The assay is applicable to clinical pharmacokinetic studies.

['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Paclitaxel', 'Quality Control']

[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['J01.897.608']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Psychoacoustic and experiential determinants of tonal consonance.

Theories of tonal consonance have primarily sought to explain consonance of chords smaller than the octave drawn from the conventional semitone musical scale. Critical evaluation of such theories requires a new body of data. The present study reports consonance ratings for two-tone chords drawn from a quartertone scale and for chords larger than an octave as well as for the chords normally studied. Subjects were drawn from undergraduate psychology courses without preselection for musical aptitude or background. The results were compared with predictions derived from several current theories: psychoacoustic models, in which consonance is attributed to a lack of dissonance or harshsounding pairs of components, and a psychological complexity model which relates consonance to the perceived simplicity of the stimulus. The latter theory, which makes allowance for the unfamiliarity of quartertone chords and for the equivalence of extra-octave and within-octave chords, provided the best qualitative account of the data. It was concluded that a valid theory of tonal consonance must acknowledge the effects of musical experience on musical judgment.

['Humans', 'Models, Psychological', 'Music', 'Pitch Perception', 'Psychoacoustics']

[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['K01.602'], ['F02.463.593.071.700', 'G07.888.125.700'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.530', 'E01.370.685.628', 'F04.096.753.628']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Experimental new automatic tools for robotic stereotactic neurosurgery: towards "no hands" procedure of leads implantation into a brain target.

The use of robotics in neurosurgery and, particularly, in stereotactic neurosurgery, is becoming more and more adopted because of the great advantages that it offers. Robotic manipulators easily allow to achieve great precision, reliability, and rapidity in the positioning of surgical instruments or devices in the brain. The aim of this work was to experimentally verify a fully automatic "no hands" surgical procedure. The integration of neuroimaging to data for planning the surgery, followed by application of new specific surgical tools, permitted the realization of a fully automated robotic implantation of leads in brain targets. An anthropomorphic commercial manipulator was utilized. In a preliminary phase, a software to plan surgery was developed, and the surgical tools were tested first during a simulation and then on a skull mock-up. In such a way, several tools were developed and tested, and the basis for an innovative surgical procedure arose. The final experimentation was carried out on anesthetized "large white" pigs. The determination of stereotactic parameters for the correct planning to reach the intended target was performed with the same technique currently employed in human stereotactic neurosurgery, and the robotic system revealed to be reliable and precise in reaching the target. The results of this work strengthen the possibility that a neurosurgeon may be substituted by a machine, and may represent the beginning of a new approach in the current clinical practice. Moreover, this possibility may have a great impact not only on stereotactic functional procedures but also on the entire domain of neurosurgery.

['Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Diseases', 'Humans', 'Neurosurgery', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Robotics', 'Stereotaxic Techniques', 'Swine', 'Therapy, Computer-Assisted']

[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.425'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['E04.525.800', 'E05.873'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E02.950', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']

High cystatin C levels predict undesirable outcome for diabetic foot ulcerations.

We investigated the relationship between serum cystatin C levels and the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcerations (DFU). A population-based cohort study involving 1018 patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted. These patients recruited and divided into two groups: nondiabetic foot ulcer group (NDF, n = 865, 85.5%) and diabetic foot ulcer group (DFU, n = 147, 14.5%).After a 1-year-follow-up, DFUs were grouped into healing (n = 110, 74.8%) and nonhealing (n = 37, 25.2%) group based on the clinical prognosis. Compared with the healing group, the nonhealing group were older, had long diabetic duration and had significantly increased serum cystatin C concentrations in DFU (p < 0.01). After adjustments for age, diabetes duration, renal function and infection control, multiple logistical regression analysis revealed that cystatin C remained associated increased risk of undesirable DFU outcome (OR = 7.279, 95% CI: 1.299-40.784, p < 0.05). When divided into quartiles according to cystatin C levels, the healing rate of Quartile 4 was significantly lower (57.9%) compared with other groups (p < 0.01). The odd is ratio (OR) analysis showed that the risk of undesirable DFU outcome in Quartile 4 was significantly higher (OR = 4.554, 95% CI: 3.14-5.12, p < 0.05) compared with that in Quartile 1. We concluded that there was a strong and independent association between serum cystatin C and diabetic foot ulceration prognosis, cystatin C > 1.35 mg/L predicts more than sixfold increased risk of incurable foot ulceration.

['Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Biomarkers', 'China', 'Cystatin C', 'Diabetic Foot', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Examination', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Wound Healing']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D23.101'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D12.776.215.300'], ['C14.907.320.191', 'C17.800.893.592.450.200', 'C19.246.099.500.191', 'C19.246.099.937.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G16.762.891']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Subjective reports of cognition in relation to assessed cognitive performance following coronary artery bypass surgery.

Evidence has accumulated to indicate that a proportion of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) do develop significant cognitive deficits. This study examines whether those patients who report cognitive deterioration after CABS do show cognitive changes as assessed by neuropsychological testing. The patients who considered that aspects of their cognitive function had deteriorated, were not found to have reduced functions as assessed on appropriate neuropsychological tests. When mood state was examined, it was found that those who report a deterioration in a particular cognitive function, tended to have significantly higher levels of depression as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory and, to a lesser extent, have higher levels of state anxiety. These findings emphasise that subjective reports of cognitive function following CABS do not reflect actual changes in cognition but rather appear to be sensitive to mood state.

['Adult', 'Affective Symptoms', 'Aged', 'Attention', 'Cognition', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests']

[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.126.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.188'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

Osteogenic potential of stem cells-seeded bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds: A comparative study between human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone, umbilical cord Wharton's jelly, and adipose tissue.

Bone regeneration is considered as an unmet clinical need, the aim of this study is to investigate the osteogenic potential of three different mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human bone marrow (BM-MSCs), umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (UC-MSCs), and adipose (AD-MSCs) seeded on a recently developed nanocomposite scaffold (bioactive glass/gelatin) implanted in rat animal models with critical size calvarial defects. In this study, after isolation, culture, and characterization, the MSCs were expanded and seeded on the scaffolds for in vitro and in vivo studies. The adhesion, proliferation, and viability of the cells on the scaffolds evaluated in vitro, showed that the scaffolds were biocompatible for further examinations. In order to evaluate the scaffolds in vivo, rat animal models with critical size calvarial defects were randomly categorized in four groups and treated with the scaffolds. The animals were sacrificed at the time points of 4 and 12 weeks of post-implantation, bone healing process were investigated. The histological and immunohistological observations showed (p < 0.01) higher osteogenesis capacity in the group treated with BM-MSCs/scaffolds compared to the other groups. However, the formation of new angiogenesis was evidently higher in the defects filled with UC-MSCs/scaffolds. This preliminary study provides promising data for further clinical trials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 61-72, 2018.

['Adipose Tissue', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Separation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Nanocomposites', 'Organ Specificity', 'Osteogenesis', 'Tissue Scaffolds']

[['A10.165.114'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['J01.637.512.150'], ['G07.650'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Gadopentetate dimeglumine as an oral negative gastrointestinal contrast agent for MRCP.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the feasibility of using intravenous magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent as a gastrointestinal oral negative contrast agent to null the bowel signal during MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).METHODS: In the first part of the study, a phantom study was performed to select the optimal concentration of MR contrast agent to be used as an oral negative contrast agent in MRCP. In the second part of the study, 23 consecutive patients suffering from different pancreaticobiliary diseases were imaged with a single-shot fast spin-echo pulse sequence. The data acquisition was started without oral contrast agent and then repeated with oral contrast agent. From the MR images taken with and without oral contrast agent, the gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct were assessed and graded by two radiologists.RESULTS: The oral contrast agent was tolerated well by all patients. In all patients the high signal intensity from the intestinal fluid was completely suppressed. The depictions of the gallbladder and cystic duct were slightly and moderately improved, respectively, whereas the depictions of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct were markedly improved by the oral contrast agent administration.CONCLUSION: Diluted intravenous MR contrast agent can be an effective and safe oral negative contrast agent in eliminating signal intensity of the gastrointestinal tract, thus improving the depiction of the biliary system in MRCP.

['Biliary Tract Diseases', 'Common Bile Duct', 'Contrast Media', 'Cystic Duct', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Gallbladder', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Diseases', 'Pancreatic Ducts', 'Phantoms, Imaging']

[['C06.130'], ['A03.159.183.079.300'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['A03.159.183.079.450'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['A03.159.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.689'], ['A03.734.667'], ['E07.671']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Persistent diffuse peritonitis in children.

In adults, persistent diffuse peritonitis (PDP) having a special microbiologic spectrum is now defined as a distinct intraabdominal infection because of its aggressive clinical course. Considering also other types of peritonitis, this study was performed to determine characteristics of childhood PDP in regard to clinical picture, microbiologic features, treatment and outcome. Classification of 175 patients with peritonitis showed that nine patients had primary peritonitis and 121, 37 and eight patients had secondary peritonitis, PDP, and intraabdominal abscess, respectively. Rates of host defense affecting disease, extra-appendicular origin, and mortality were markedly higher in the PDP group. However, polymicrobic and anaerobic infection rates were lower in the PDP group than those of the secondary peritonitis group. While 26 of 37 patients with PDP underwent surgical intervention, the remaining 11 patients were managed by conservative measures. In the PDP group, mortality was 18 percent for conservatively and 23 percent for surgically treated patients. Being of young age, presence of an accompanying disease and fungal growth increased the mortality. The results indicate that PDP is a distinct type of peritonitis in children as well as in adults. In addition, accurate identification of these patients may prevent some unnecessary operations and improve survival by the choice of more conservative treatment plans.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chronic Disease', 'Debridement', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intubation, Gastrointestinal', 'Male', 'Peritonitis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Distribution']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Implementation of the German guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of non-small cell lung cancer at the Diakoniekrankenhaus Halle/Saale].

BACKGROUND: More than three years since the release of the german guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of lung cancer the database in terms of the implementation of guideline recommendations is deficient. The aim of this article is to analyze the implementation of the recommended algorithms for first-line therapy of non-small cell lung cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: On the basis of the patients records we determined all cases of newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer which received a first-line therapy at the Diakoniekrankenhaus Halle/Saale between January 2010 and December 2011. The demographic data, tumor stage, time of diagnosis and performed first-line therapy were documented. Each case was assigned to the groups "guideline-adherent treatment" or "deviation from guideline recommendation" in dependency of its tumor stage. For this assignment the corresponding algorithms from guideline chapter "Therapy of non-small lung cancer" were used.RESULTS: A total of 126 from 148 cases (85%) received guideline-adherent treatment. Deviation from guideline recommendation was found in 22 cases (15%). The categories "poor performance status", "technical factors", "patient decision" and "others" were determined as the main reasons for non guideline-adherent treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the analyzed population this study determined a high grade of guideline adherence at the period of investigation. Otherwise it shows that guideline recommendations cannot include each individual factor of the complex lung cancer disease. It could be found a wide range of reasons for deviation from the guideline recommendations.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Germany', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Medical Oncology', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Pulmonary Medicine']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['H02.403.429.515'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['H02.403.429.675']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Development of a weak-base docetaxel derivative that can be loaded into lipid nanoparticles.

Hydrophobic uncharged drugs such as docetaxel are difficult to encapsulate and retain in liposomal nanoparticles (LNP). In this work we show that a weak base derivative of docetaxel can be actively loaded into LNP using pH gradient loading techniques to achieve stable drug encapsulation and controlled release properties. Docetaxel was derivatized at the hydroxyl group in the C-2' position to form an N-methyl-piperazinyl butanoic acid ester. The free hydroxyl group in this position is essential for anticancer activity and the prodrug has, therefore, to be converted into the parent drug (docetaxel) to restore activity. Cytotoxicity testing against a panel of cancer cell lines (breast, prostate and ovarian cancer) demonstrated that the prodrug is readily converted into active drug; the derivative was found to be as active as the parent drug in vitro. The docetaxel derivative can be efficiently loaded at high drug-to-lipid ratios (up to 0.4 mg/mg) into LNP using pH loading techniques. Pharmacokinetic, tolerability and efficacy studies in mice demonstrate that the LNP-encapsulated prodrug has the long drug circulation half-life required for efficient tumor accumulation (50-100 times higher drug plasma levels compared with free derivative and Taxotere, the commercial docetaxel formulation), is active in a xenograft model of breast cancer (MDA-MB-435/LCC6), and is well tolerated at i.v. doses of 3 times higher than the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the parent drug. This is the first demonstration that a therapeutically active, remote-loaded, controlled-release LNP formulation of a taxane can be achieved. The approach reported here has broad applicability to other approved drugs as well as new chemical entities.

['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cryoelectron Microscopy', 'Docetaxel', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Stability', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lipids', 'Mice', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nanoparticles', 'Solubility', 'Taxoids', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.150', 'E05.595.402.150'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E05.916.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D10'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.805'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Water-bath method for sonographic evaluation of superficial structures of the extremities in children.

High-resolution sonography using a stand-off pad or a gel mound is a standard technique for the evaluation of soft-tissue structures of the hands and feet in children. However, the complex curved surfaces of the hands and feet often yield suboptimal contact between the transducer and the skin. Additionally, the small field of view, relative compressibility of the soft-tissue structures by the transducer, patient motion and discomfort from contact of the transducer with the pathology often limit conventional US evaluation. A water-bath technique overcomes these limitations. We present our experience of water-bath technique of superficial sonography in 23 children. Water-bath technique was performed with good patient cooperation and was superior to the standard technique for depiction of shallow skin ulcers, subcutaneous masses, vascular malformations, osteomyelitis and foreign bodies.

['Baths', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Connective Tissue Diseases', 'Extremities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Ultrasonography']

[['E02.056.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C17.300'], ['A01.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.850']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']

Overexpression of the dopamine receptor-interacting protein Alix/AIP1 modulates NMDA receptor-triggered cell death.

Alix/AIP1 is an adaptor protein involved in apoptosis, endocytic membrane trafficking and brain development. Alix has been found within the human postsynaptic density (PSD) and, since NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are central components of the PSD, we hypothesized that the close proximity of both proteins may allow Alix to influence the downstream pathways following NMDAR activation. NMDARs play important roles in excitotoxicity and we evaluated the effects of recombinant Alix in an NMDAR cell death assay. Overexpression of Alix with NMDARs increases the potency of NMDAR- induced cell death compared to cells expressing only NMDARs, and this requires expression of the Alix C-terminal region. Therefore, we demonstrate a previously unreported role for Alix as a potential modulator of NMDAR function.

['Animals', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Death', 'Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Rats', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate']

[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['D12.776.167'], ['G04.146'], ['D05.500.199', 'D12.776.543.990.493'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Evaluating the enantioselective degradation and novel metabolites following a single oral dose of metalaxyl in mice.

Metalaxyl [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D,L-alaninemethylester] is a systemic fungicide widely used in agriculture. In this study, the enantioselective distribution, degradation and excretion of metalaxyl were investigated after oral gavage administration of rac-metalaxyl to mice. Concentration of metalaxyl and its enantiomers was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that R-metalaxyl was much higher than S-metalaxyl in heart, liver, lung, urine and feces. As for the strong first pass effect, concentrations of metalaxyl in liver were much higher than those in other tissues. The total body clearance (CL) of metalaxyl in mice was 1.77 L h(-1 )kg(-1) and degradation half-lives of (t1/2) of S-metalaxyl and R-metalaxyl in liver were 2.2 h and 3.0 h, respectively. Such results indicated the enantioselectivity of metalaxyl lies in distribution, degradation and excretion processes in mice. Main metabolites were also determined and biotransformation reactions were hydroxylation, demethylation and didemethylation. Furthermore, metabolite concentrations in urine and feces were much higher than those in tissues. These results may have potential implications to predict toxicity and provide additional information associated with adverse health effects for risk assessment of metalaxyl.

['Administration, Oral', 'Alanine', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Feces', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Myocardium', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']

[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D12.125.042'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['A12.459'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['E05.196.566.880']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Intestinal perforation in Hirschsprung's disease. A clinical case in an adult and review of the literature].

Hirschsprung's disease is a fairly unusual case, even if not exceptional. For this reason we consider it interesting to present a iatrogenic perforation (of the patient) as a case of Hirschsprung's disease in adult age: the case was treated with urgency, at our surgical department.

['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Colonic Diseases', 'Emergencies', 'Female', 'Hirschsprung Disease', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Perforation']

[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C06.405.469.158'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['C06.198.439', 'C06.405.469.158.701.439', 'C16.131.314.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.557']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

PBL Core Skills Faculty Development Workshop 3: understanding PBL process assessment and feedback via scenario-based discussions, observation, and role-play.

Tutorial assessment in PBL is thought to be a valid assessment approach and is believed to exert a positive impact on the learning process. Reports, however, have demonstrated that assessment by the facilitator can be unreliable. Training of faculty to conduct this type of assessment has tended to be lacking and is a likely contributor to this inconsistency. This report describes the final in a series of foundation-building faculty development workshops focused on the instructional methodology of PBL. The PBL Assessment and Feedback workshop reported here introduced the theory and practice of conducting process-based assessment accompanied by formative feedback. Scenario-based discussions, mock group demonstration, role-modeling, and role-play were utilized as adult learning-appropriate strategies to familiarize participants with process-based assessment and feedback. Evaluation of the workshop by participants provided evidence that the majority of participants were satisfied with the methods and content of the workshop. Suggestions for additional training in these assessment methods included additional examples, practice, workshops, or observation and mentoring.

['Adult', 'Education', 'Education, Dental', 'Educational Measurement', 'Faculty, Dental', 'Feedback', 'Humans', 'Mentors', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Staff Development', 'Teaching']

[['M01.060.116'], ['I02'], ['I02.358.274'], ['I02.399'], ['M01.526.485.360', 'M01.526.702.250.273', 'N02.360.360'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.395'], ['F02.463.425.720', 'I02.158.660', 'I02.903.565'], ['I02.574.700', 'N04.452.677.822'], ['I02.903']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

HLA antigens and myasthenia gravis in north India.

The HLA antigen distribution was studied in 37 north Indian patients with myasthenia gravis. The control group consisted of 118 normal, healthy individuals of the same ethnic group. The antigens showing the highest frequency were Bw21 (18.9% vs 4.2% p less than 0.005), Bw35 (24.3% vs 6.8%, p less than 0.005) and A9 (51.3% vs 30.5%, p less than 0.025). HLA-B8 was increased nearly two fold in the myasthenia gravis patients (RR = 2.4) and was confined mainly to the young females without thymoma. The possibility that Bw21 and Bw35 might be the markers for susceptibility to autoimmune disorders in India is discussed. The observations also support those of others that HLA-B8 linked susceptibility gene is more frequently found in myasthenia gravis patients with thymic hyperplasia.

['Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'India', 'Male', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Risk']

[['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Development and validation of HILIC-ESI/MS/MS methods for simultaneous quantitation of several antipsychotics in human plasma and blood.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of antipsychotic drug levels at point of care (POC) may significantly aid therapeutic decision-making. To support the development of future POC devices and to validate the use of fingerstick capillary blood sampling, two robust hydrophilic interaction LC-ESI/MS/MS methods were developed and validated. Two PK studies were completed evaluating the correlation between fingerstick blood and plasma concentrations with corresponding venous blood and plasma concentrations for several commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics and selected metabolites. Sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS bioanalytical assays were developed to support these studies.RESULTS: Three methods, requiring only 25-ìl matrix volumes, were developed using supported liquid extraction with hydrophilic interaction LC-MS/MS detection and validated according to regulatory guidance.CONCLUSION: Robust and efficient LC-MS/MS assays were established and were effective in providing antipsychotic drug matrix comparator results in the intended clinical studies.

['Antipsychotic Agents', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Calibration', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Half-Life', 'Humans', 'Point-of-Care Systems', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization']

[['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['E01.370.225.124.100', 'E05.200.124.100'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.442.452.452.680', 'N04.452.515.360.652', 'N04.590.874'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.566.600']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Brucella sp. vertebral osteomyelitis with intercurrent fatal Staphylococcus aureus toxigenic enteritis in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

A previously beach-stranded, juvenile, male, bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was diagnosed with vertebral osteomyelitis of unknown etiology. Antemortem serological testing suggested past or current Brucella sp. infection; however, this could not be confirmed prior to death despite multiple isolation attempts from aspirates, blood, and biopsies. Systemic antibiotics were administered for over a year to control the suspected infection; however, the animal succumbed peracutely to infection by a highly pathogenic, enterotoxin-secreting Staphylococcus sp. Gross necropsy findings included a fistulous tract leading to locally extensive osteomyelitis of a coccygeal vertebra with sequestra and osteophytes from which a Brucella species was isolated. Histopathological examination of intestine revealed pseudomembranous enteritis with a uniform population of intraluminal Gram-positive cocci. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in pure culture from the intestine and tested positive for the staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Serum taken shortly before death had endotoxin and elevated antibody titers to staphylococcal enterotoxin A when compared to samples collected during a period of apparent good health 18 months earlier. The isolation of a pyrogenic toxin superantigen-producing staphylococcal isolate, clinical signs, and diagnostic findings in this animal resembled some of those noted in human toxic shock syndrome. The present case highlights the clinical challenges of treating chronic illnesses, complications of long-term antibiotic use, and promotion of pathogenic strains in cases of prolonged rehabilitation of marine mammals.

['Animals', 'Bottle-Nosed Dolphin', 'Brucella', 'Brucellosis', 'Enteritis', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Male', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus']

[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.875.267.100'], ['B03.440.400.425.215.500', 'B03.660.050.070.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.167'], ['C06.405.205.462', 'C06.405.469.326'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Simple mastectomy under hypnosis: A case study approach.

There is a clear inverse relationship between preoperative anxiety and effective anaesthesia and recovery. Studies have shown that perioperative anxiety can be detrimental to the efficacy of recovery. In order to mitigate the perioperative anaesthetic risk to the patient, perioperative care must be inclusive of psychological as well as physiological elements. Therefore, when planning and implementing care for the surgical patient alternative interventions, such as hypnosis, should be considered when presented with difficult patient factors, such as crippling anxiety. This article takes on a case study approach to critically analyse and appraise the holistic care of a patient undergoing a simple mastectomy with hypnosis as the primary anaesthesia.

['Anesthesia', 'Anxiety', 'Humans', 'Hypnosis', 'Mastectomy, Simple', 'Perioperative Care']

[['E03.155'], ['F01.470.132'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.525.217', 'F04.754.424'], ['E04.466.754'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

No germline FH mutations in familial breast cancer patients.

Fumarate hydratase: (FH) was recently identified as the predisposing gene for a tumor predisposition syndrome, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) (MIM 605839). In HLRCC, individuals with a germline heterozygous mutation in the FH gene typically develop benign leiomyomas of the skin and the uterus (fibroids, myomas). In a subset of the families, predisposition to renal cell carcinoma and uterine leiomyosarcoma occurs. Other malignancies including breast cancer have also been detected in patients with a germline FH mutation. To examine whether FH could be involved in predisposition to breast cancer, we analyzed germline FH mutations from 85 Finnish breast cancer patients. Most of the cases were selected based on positive family or personal history for malignancies associated with HLRCC. No mutations were found. These results show that FH is not a major predisposing gene for familial breast cancer.

['Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Fumarate Hydratase', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'Humans']

[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.300'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.365.590.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Education and lifestyle predict change in dietary patterns and diet quality of adults 55 years and over.

BACKGROUND: Diet is a key risk factor for chronic disease, and an increasing concern among older adults. We aim to examine the changes in dietary patterns using principal component analysis and a diet quality index among older adults and examine the predictors of dietary change over a 4 year period.METHODS: Data was obtained via a postal survey in a prospective cohort, the Wellbeing Eating and Exercise for a Long Life (WELL) study. Australian adults aged 55 years and over (n = 1005 men and n = 1106 women) completed a food frequency at three time points and provided self-reported personal characteristics. Principal component analysis was used to assess dietary patterns and diet quality was assessed using the 2013 Revised Dietary Guideline Index. The relationships between predictors and change in dietary patterns were assessed by multiple linear regression.RESULTS: Two dietary patterns were consistently identified in men and women at three time points over 4 years. One was characterised by vegetables, fruit and white meat, and the other was characterised by red and processed meat and processed foods. Reduced consumption of key food groups within the principal component analysis-determined dietary patterns was observed. An increase in diet quality over 4 years was observed in men only. Reported higher education levels and favourable lifestyle characteristics, including not smoking and physical activity, at baseline predicted an increase in healthier dietary patterns over 4 years.CONCLUSIONS: There was stability in the main dietary patterns identified over time, however participants reported an overall decrease in the frequency of consumption of key food groups. Compliance with the Australian Dietary Guidelines remained poor and therefore targeting this population in nutritional initiatives is important. Design of nutrition promotion for older adults need to consider those with lower socioeconomic status, as having a lower level of education was a predictor of poorer dietary patterns. It is important to consider how nutrition behaviours can be targeted alongside other lifestyle behaviours, such as smoking and inadequate physical activity to improve health.

['Aged', 'Australia', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diet', 'Diet Surveys', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Prospective Studies']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['E05.318.308.980.485.350', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469.300', 'N06.850.505.616.300', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469.350'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Iodixanol versus Iopromide at Coronary CT Angiography: Lumen Opacification and Effect on Heart Rhythm-the Randomized IsoCOR Trial.

Purpose To show that equal coronary lumen opacification can be achieved with iso- and low-osmolar contrast media when it is injected at the same iodine delivery rate with contemporary cardiac computed tomographic (CT) protocols and to investigate the cardiovascular effect of iso-osmolar contrast media and the image quality achieved. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained for the Effect of Iso-osmolar Contrast Medium on Coronary Opacification and Heart Rhythm in Coronary CT Angiography, or IsoCOR, trial. Between November 2015 and August 2016, 306 patients (167 [55%] women) at least 18 years old (weight range, 50-125 kg), were prospectively randomized to receive iso-osmolar iodixanol 270 or low-osmolar iopromide 300 contrast media. All coronary segments were assessed for intraluminal opacification and image quality and were compared by using the Student t test. Heart rate, arrhythmia, patient discomfort, and adverse events also were monitored. Results Mean measured coronary attenuation values ± standard deviation were comparable between the iodixanol 270 and iopromide 300 contrast media groups (469 HU ± 167 vs 447 HU ± 166, respectively [P = .241]; 95% confidence interval: -15.1, 60.0), including those from subanalyses. Adjusted for the lower iodine concentration, the mean iodixanol 270 bolus was larger compared with that of iopromide 300 (76.8 mL ± 11.6 vs 69.7 mL ± 10.8, respectively; P < .001). The higher injection rate was associated with higher pressure (777 kPa ± 308 vs 630 kPa ± 252, respectively; P < .001). Although in the iodixanol 270 group patients experienced less heat discomfort (72% vs 86%, respectively; P < .001), no differences in heart rate or rhythm were observed. Conclusion If injected at comparable iodine delivery rates, the iso-osmolar contrast medium iodixanol 270 is not inferior to low-osmolar contrast medium iopromide 300 for assessment of coronary opacification. Iodixanol 270 was associated with less heat discomfort, but did not affect heart rate differently compared with iopromide 300. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Computed Tomography Angiography', 'Contrast Media', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Iohexol', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Triiodobenzoic Acids']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Meat intake frequency and anemia in Japanese children and adolescents.

The consumption of meat products is considered to be a feasible solution to prevent anemia, which is a critical health problem. The present study assessed hematological parameters and the prevalence of anemia in Japanese children and adolescents, and examined the association with the frequency of meat intake. Data from the Shunan Children Health Cohort Study were analyzed. The participants included male and female residents, 3373 children (aged 10-11 years), and 3085 adolescents (aged 13-14 years). The frequency of meat intake was determined with a questionnaire, and blood samples were analyzed. Anemia was defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. The prevalence of anemia in children was 3.6% and 2.5% in girls and boys, respectively, and in adolescents, it was 4.5% in girls and 0.8% in boys. The frequency of meat intake did not show a positive association with the hematological indices or the prevalence of anemia. These results suggest that the promotion of meat consumption is not an effective strategy to decrease anemia, and that other approaches are necessary to prevent anemia in this population.

['Adolescent', 'Anemia', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet', 'Diet Records', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Meat', 'Prevalence']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

A comparison of widowhood and well-being among older Greek and British-Australian migrant women.

The impact of widowhood on well-being has been well-documented, but to date has not focused extensively on the experience of older migrants who have aged in a foreign land. This study aimed to examine the well-being of older migrant widows from two groups in South Australia: British-born (n=61) and Greek-born (n=60) Australian migrants, who had been widowed, on average, 13 years. All participants completed a self-report questionnaire in their preferred language. Three indicators of current well-being (self-rated health, depression and loneliness) as well as variables expected to differ cross-culturally, and potentially influence well-being (mourning rituals; continuing bonds to one's spouse; religiosity; social support) were measured. Greek-born widows displayed higher levels of mourning rituals, continuing bonds and religiosity than the British. Both groups perceived similarly high levels of familial social support. Greek widows also reported worse self-rated health, and increased symptoms of depression and loneliness compared to the British. This paper suggests that the detrimental impact of widowhood on well-being may be greater for non-English speaking migrants who are ageing outside of their country of origin, and who, despite residing in an English-speaking host country for several decades, have retained the linguistic, cultural and religious practices and traditions of their home country.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bereavement', 'Ceremonial Behavior', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Family Relations', 'Female', 'Greece', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Loneliness', 'Middle Aged', 'Religion', 'Social Support', 'South Australia', 'Transients and Migrants', 'United Kingdom', 'Widowhood']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']