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54 Persei. 54 Persei is a single star in the northern constellation of Perseus. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, yellow-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.93. The star is located approximately 220 light years away based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −27 km/s.
This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of G8+ IIIb, a star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and expanded to more than nine times the girth of the Sun. It is around 580 million years old with 2.6 times the mass of the Sun. The star is radiating 51 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,036 K. It has one distant visual companion, designated component B, at an angular separation of and magnitude 13.0.
References
G-type giants
Double stars
Perseus (constellation)
BD+34 860
Persei, 54
027348
020252
1343
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24 Persei. 24 Persei is a star in the northern constellation of Perseus, located around 337 light years from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.94. The object is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −37 km/s.
This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K2 III, which indicates it has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. It has 1.59 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to about 24 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 185 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,391 K.
References
K-type giants
Perseus (constellation)
BD+34 550
Persei, 24
018449
013905
0882
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Dietary Supplements (database). The PubMed Dietary Supplement Subset (PMDSS) is a joint project between the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). PMDSS is designed to help people search for academic journal articles related to dietary supplement literature. The subset was created using a search strategy that includes terms provided by the Office of Dietary Supplements, and selected journals indexed for PubMed that include significant dietary supplement related content. It succeeds the International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements (IBIDS) database, 1999–2010, which was a collaboration between the Office of Dietary Supplements and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Library.
The Subset
ODS and NLM partnered to create this Dietary Supplement Subset of NLM's PubMed database. PubMed provides access to citations from the MEDLINE database and additional life science academic journals. It also includes links to many full-text articles at journal Web sites and other related Web resources.
The subset is designed to limit search results to citations from a broad spectrum of dietary supplement literature including vitamin, mineral, phytochemical, ergogenic, botanical, and herbal supplements in human nutrition and animal models. The subset will retrieve dietary supplement-related citations on topics including, but not limited to:
chemical composition;
biochemical role and function — both in vitro and in vivo;
clinical trials;
health and adverse effects;
fortification;
traditional Chinese medicine and other folk/ethnic supplement practices;
cultivation of botanical products used as dietary supplements; as well as,
surveys of dietary supplement use.
The PMDSS is a free service and can be accessed either directly through the ODS Website or in PubMed using the Dietary Supplement filter (formerly referred to as a Limit).
History
Dietary supplements were first regulated in by the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938. In 1941 the United States Food and Drug Administration proffered definitions for dietary supplementary foods which included minerals, vitamins and other specialized supplements. In the early 1970s the FDA tried to restrict the definition of dietary supplements to essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. However, as the 1970s progressed, a 1974 court decision and legislation that passed in 1976 would not allow such action. In 1994, against recommendations from the FDA, the Dietary Supplement Health Education Act (DSHEA) was passed. This act defined dietary supplements, made safety a matter of regulation, stated the requirements for approved third party literature, and regulated label content.
Office of Dietary Supplements
DSHEA mandated the establishment of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health. The mission of ODS is to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, stimulating and supporting research, disseminating research results, and educating the public to foster an enhanced quality of life and health for the U.S. population. In support of this mission the ODS created two databases one of which was named the International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements (IBIDS) database. The other database, Computer Access to Research on Dietary Supplements (CARDS), is a database of federally funded research projects pertaining to dietary supplements. The IBIDS database was retired in 2010 and the PMDSS was launched to continue the ODS mission to disseminate dietary supplement-related research results.
The database was discontinued in April 2020.
See also
Natural Standard
Examine.com
References
External links
PubMed Activate the PMDSS via Dietary Supplement filter
Bibliographic databases and indexes
National Institutes of Health
Databases in the United States
Chemical databases
Online databases
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Association of Medical / Pharmaceutical Sciences. The Association Medicine / Pharmacy Sciences (AMPS) is an association of French students of medicine and pharmacy.
History
The Association was founded in 2009. It participates in the organization of the congress YR and is mainly composed of students who have the dual curriculum of the ENS, School of the Inserm of Paris V - VII and Paris VI. In January 2012, it had more than 200 members.
Objectives
The Association promotes the development of dual studies in France; interactions between medicine, pharmacy and research and connects students who have completed this course.
Partners
School of Inserm Liliane Bettencourt
Foundation for Medical Research
LABCO
University of Paris V
ANEMF
American Physician Scientists Association (APSA)
Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC)
School of Neuroscience Paris Ile-de-France
Association of PhD students and young doctors of the Institut Curie
References
External links
—Official AMPS site
—AMPS 2012 Conference
—# RHinserm.fr
—University of Paris: Medecine
Student organizations in France
Medical Pharmaceutical Sciences
Medical education organisations based in France
Medical and health student organizations
Students in France
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AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine, commonly called AMDA and previously called AMDA – Dedicated to Long Term Care Medicine and American Medical Directors Association, is a medical specialty professional organization with a focus on providing long-term care.
Work
The society publishes the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.
An affiliate of AMDA – Dedicated to Long Term Care Medicine, the American Medical Directors Certification Program (AMDCP) accredits Certified Medical Directors (CMD) in long-term care. The AMDCP's mission is “to recognize and advance physician leadership and excellence in medical direction throughout the long-term care continuum through certification, thereby enhancing quality of care.” The presence of a CMD in nursing homes results in a 15% improvement in quality scores compared to those without CMDs. The AMDCP is the sole organization to accredit Certified Medical Directors in long-term care, and has certified more than 2,700 CMDs since the founding of the program in 1991.
Certification process
Applications to the American Board of Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine (formerly, American Medical Directors Certification Program) are reviewed twice annually. To begin the certification process applicants must be a physician medical director at a long-term care facility, and have completed a post-graduate training program accredited by the U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or American Osteopathic Association, or a Canadian Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons or College of Family Physicians accredited post-graduate training program. Certification is earned with competence in clinical medicine and medical management in long-term care, after completing educational requirements. Continuing medical education in both clinical and leadership areas is a requirement to retain certification, as well as to recertify in the future. CMDs must recertify after six years.
Certified Medical Director is a certification offered by the American Board of Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine (ABPLM), an affiliate of AMDA – the Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine (AMDA). The certification indicates a degree of expertise in long-term care, and is aimed at medical directors of nursing homes and similar long-term care facilities.
History
The AMDCP was started in 1991, following the release of Role and Responsibilities of the Medical Director in the Nursing Home, a document supported by the AMDA's House of Delegates. AMDA recognized the need for a certification program based on the Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987. Credentials of a Certified Medical Director include efficiently acting in clinical and managerial roles while overseeing the long-term care interdisciplinary team.
Impact
According to a 2009 study, nursing homes with AMDA certified CMDs have a 15% higher quality improvement score than those without CMDs. The AMDCP is the only organization to accredit Certified Medial Directors in Long Term Care, and has certified more than 2,700 CMDs since the founding of the program in 1991. The program is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education.
Medical Director of the Year Award
The Medical Director of the Year Award (MDOY) is given annually by the AMDA Foundation, an affiliate of AMDA. Nominations are accepted annually and reviewed by a Selection Committee. Recipients are awarded at AMDA's annual symposium, Long Term Care Medicine.
Recipients include:
2012: Noel DeBacker, MD, CMD
2011: Sabine von Preyss-Friedman, MD, CMD
2010: Robert Schreiber, MD, CMD
2009: Rebecca L. Ferrini MD, MPH, CMD
2008: J. Kenneth Brubaker], MD, CMD
2007: Timothy Malloy, MD, CMD
See also
American Board of Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine
List of medicine awards
Notes
References
External links
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
AMDA – Dedicated to Long Term Care Medicine
ABPLM Certified Medical Director in Long Term Care Program Overview
American Osteopathic Association
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
.
Medical associations based in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in Maryland
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Pyridyne. Pyridyne in chemistry is the pyridine analogue of benzyne. Pyridynes are the class of reactive intermediates derived from pyridine. Two isomers exist, the 2,3-pyridine (2,3-didehydropyridine) and the 3,4-pyridyne (3,4-didehydropyridine). The reaction of 3-bromo-4-chloropyridine with furan and lithium amalgam gives 1,4-epoxy-dihydroquinoline through the 2,3-pyridyne intermediate. The reaction of 4-bromopyridine with sodium in liquid ammonia gives both 3-aminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine through the 3,4-pyridyne intermediate and an E1cB-elimination reaction.
History
Pyridynes were first postulated by Levine and Leake in 1955. In 1969 Zoltewicz and Nisi trapped 3,4-pyridyne in a reaction of 3-bromopyridine with methylmercaptan and sodium amide in ammonia. The methylthio and amino pyridines were found to be formed in the same ratio.
In 1972 Kramer and Berry inferred the formation of 3,4-pyridyne in gas-phase photolysis of pyridine-3-diazonium-4-carboxylate via time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The dimer compound diazabiphenylene was detected. In 1988 Nam and Leroy reported the matrix isolation (13K, Ar) of 3,4-pyridyne by photolysis of 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride with the IR-spectrum revealing an acetylenic bond in the same way as ortho-benzyne.
Scope
Strategies involving pyridynes have been employed in the total syntheses of ellipticine and (S)-Macrostomine.
References
Reactive intermediates
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Federation of Medical Students-Taiwan. The Federation of Medical Students in Taiwan (FMSTW; ), as the representative of all the medical students in Taiwan, consists of 12 medical colleges, including 16 departments of medicine, post-baccalaureate medicine, Chinese medicine, post-baccalaureate Chinese medicine. and one observer member. FMSTW also works as a formal member in both International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA) and Asian Medical Students' Association (AMSA), representing medical students from Taiwan in all forms of international organisations and campaigns.
Aims
Promote interactions among medical students all over the country.
Protect and fight for the rights belong to medical students in Taiwan.
Integrate medical students in Taiwan to make good contributions to society.
Participate in international affairs as a deputation of medical students in Taiwan.
See also
List of medical schools in Taiwan
References
1988 establishments in Taiwan
Student organizations in Taiwan
Medicine in Taiwan
Student organizations established in 1988
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Gamma Phoenicis. Gamma Phoenicis is a star system in the constellation Phoenix, located around distant.
γ Phoenicis is a spectroscopic binary and a small amplitude variable star. The star system shows regular variations in brightness that were reported as a 97.5 day period in the Hipparcos catalogue, but have since been ascribed to a 194.1-day orbital period with primary and secondary minima. Although the light curve appears to show eclipses, the high orbital inclination suggests the variations are due to ellipsoidal stars as they rotate in their orbit. γ Phoenicis is listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as a possible slow irregular variable with a range from 3.39 to 3.49, the same as reported for the eclipses or ellipsoidal variations.
Only the primary star in the γ Phoenicis system is visible. The second is inferred solely from variations in the radial velocity of the primary star. The primary is a red giant of spectral type M0III, a star that has used up its core hydrogen, then expanded and cooled as it burns a shell of hydrogen around an inert helium core. The two stars are estimated to have masses of and respectively. The primary is over five hundred times more luminous than the sun. The system shows signs of hot coronal activity, although the primary star is too cool for this. It may originate on the secondary, possibly as material is accreted from the cool giant primary.
Notes
References
Phoenix (constellation)
M-type giants
Beta Lyrae variables
Slow irregular variables
Phoenicis, Gamma
Durchmusterung objects
006867
0429
009053
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Kappa Phoenicis. κ Phoenicis, Latinized as Kappa Phoenicis, is a single star in the southern constellation of Phoenix. It is visible to the naked eye as a white-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.94. The distance to this star is approximately 77.7 light years based on parallax, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +11 km/s. It is a member of the Castor Moving Group of co-moving stars.
This object has a stellar classification of A5IVn, which matches the spectrum of an A-type subgiant star with "nebulous" lines due to rapid rotation. It is 348 million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 245 km/s. The star has 1.7 times the mass of the Sun and 2.0 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 10.7 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,320 K. The star displays an infrared excess that matches the signature of a debris disk orbiting from the host star with a temperature of 170 K.
References
A-type subgiants
Circumstellar disks
Castor Moving Group
Phoenix (constellation)
Phoenicis, Kappa
Durchmusterung objects
0020
002262
002072
0100
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Delta Phoenicis. Delta Phoenicis, Latinized from δ Phoenicis, is a single, yellow-hued star in the southern constellation of Phoenix. With an apparent visual magnitude of 3.93, it is visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 22.95 mas as seen from Earth, it is located 142 light years from the Sun. The star is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −7 km/s.
This is a G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G8.5 IIIb. It is a red clump star, which means it has reached the stage of its evolution where it is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. It is around 2.3 billion years old with 1.47 times the mass of the Sun. The star is radiating 55 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,790 K.
References
G-type giants
Phoenix (constellation)
Phoenicis, Delta
Durchmusterung objects
009362
007083
0440
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Medicine Hat Regional Hospital. Medicine Hat Regional Hospital is a medical facility located in Medicine Hat, Alberta serving a catchment area of 117,000. It has 213 beds.
Alberta Health Services is responsible for the operations of the hospital.
Services
Diagnostic imaging (CT, MRI and Ultrasound)
Emergency
Inpatient Care (Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Palliative Care, Pediatrics)
Psychiatry / Mental health
Respiratory Therapy (Acute care, Asthma Education, Stress Testing)
Secondary and Tertiary Prevention (Cardiac Rehab, Diabetes Clinic)
Surgery (General, Orthopedics, Plastics, Urology) and Preoperative Clinic
Statistics
In the 2011/2012 year the emergency department assessed 31,337 patients. This equates to a rate of 246.3 per thousand of population in comparison with the Alberta average of 267.5 per thousand. The inpatient separation rate is 114 per thousand population compared to the Alberta average of 88.3, the most common admitting diagnosis being ischemic heart disease, markedly higher than the overall Alberta population average.
Educational services
The hospital serves as a training center for multiple professions. Students from Medicine Hat College include the areas of nursing and EMS. The University of Calgary trains residents in their Rural Alberta South family medicine program and rotate medical students on elective. The Canadian Forces Medical Service in Suffield also rotates medics through the emergency department. In October 2012 the University of Alberta began rotating pharmacy students through Medicine Hat as part of an 8-week placement program.
History
Founding
The hospital was founded in 1889 and had its formal opening June 4, 1890. It was created to service Saskatchewan, Assiniboia, Alberta and Athabasca and was the first civilian hospital in Alberta. This was partially in response to the 1888 typhoid fever epidemic in which there was no institution available to tend to the sick and also as a means of promoting the community. Initial funding was provided through government, individuals and corporations including the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Canadian Agricultural, Coal and Colonization Company and twelve lots from the Northwest Land Company. A new wing was added to the hospital in 1907.
Lady Aberdeen Maternity Hospital
The construction of a maternity hospital was initially suggested in 1892 as a means to move deliveries outside of the general hospital. 50 yards north of the general hospital, construction of the Lady Aberdeen Maternity Hospital was started on May 25, 1894 and finished August 19, 1895. A second story was added in 1904. An annex was later attached in 1945.
Victoria Nurses' residence
In that same time period that the maternity hospital was constructed, the Training School for Nurses was also established. The nurses initially stayed within the general hospital, however this ultimately resulted in a shortage of beds. As a result, the Victoria Nurses' Residence was created with fundraising by the newly formed Woman's Hospital Aid Society (WHAS). Construction started April 1904 and finished in December with a formal opening in 1905. The residence was enlarged in 1912, doubling its size.
Budget
In the first two decades of operation, 23% of the budget was provided by patient payments although no patients were refused. To cover reduced revenues secondary to provision of free services to the indignant, corporate donations were secured in exchange for lower hospital rates for employees and insurance tickets were sold by the hospital in exchange for coverage in the event of admission. By 1926 the hospital had expenses of $47,326.21 with a $623.52 deficit due to falling admission rates. This improved by the end of the 1930s but in the 1940s deficits again rose and by the 1950s the hospital was surrendered by its board to the City of Medicine Hat.
Current location
The initial Medicine Hat General Hospital and its support buildings were demolished to allow development of the city police station. As such the historic location is no longer viewable. The hospital was moved to its current location prior to this.
Future development
In 2016, 30,800 square foot expansion of the hospital was greenlit with a budget of $220 million. The expansion includes a larger emergency department, more space for inpatient diagnostic services and a heliport. It opened on July 25, 2018.
References
Hospital buildings completed in 1895
Hospitals in Alberta
Medicine Hat
1890 establishments in the Northwest Territories
Heliports in Canada
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Futuximab. Futuximab (992 DS) (INN) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer. It acts as an immunomodulator and also binds to HER1.
This drug was developed by Symphogen.
References
Monoclonal antibodies for tumors
Experimental cancer drugs
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Ligelizumab. Ligelizumab (INN; development code QGE031) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of severe asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria. It is an anti-IgE that binds to IGHE an acts as an immunomodulator. It is delivered as a subcutaneous biologic injection.
This drug was developed by Novartis Pharma AG. Research funded by Novartis Pharma concluded that Ligelizumab was more effective in treating chronic spontaneous urticaria than omalizumab or placebo.
In 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration ligelizumab a breakthrough therapy designation for the treatment of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria who have an inadequate response to H1-antihistamine treatment.
In December 2021, two phase three clinical trials (PEARL 1 and PEARL 2) of ligelizumab in chronic inducible urticaria failed to show superiority versus omalizumab and were terminated.
In January 2023, a phase three study of ligelizumab in chronic inducible urticaria was terminated after primary endpoints versus omalizumab were not achieved.
In January 2024, a phase three peanut allergy study for ligelizumab was terminated by Novartis.
As of November 2024, the long-term safety and efficacy of ligelizumab in study participants who have completed a ligelizumab Phase III study in food allergy is under investigation.
References
Monoclonal antibodies
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Orticumab. Orticumab (INN) is a human monoclonal antibody that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent and binds to oxLDL. It acts as an immunomodulator.
References
Monoclonal antibodies
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Perakizumab. Perakizumab (INN) is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of arthritis. It binds to IL17A and acts as an immunomodulator.
This drug was developed by Genentech/Roche.
References
Monoclonal antibodies
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Simtuzumab. Simtuzumab (INN; formerly GS 6624) is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of fibrosis. It binds to LOXL2 and acts as an immunomodulator. In January 2016, Gilead Sciences terminated its Phase 2 clinical study in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) due to lack of efficacy.
References
Monoclonal antibodies
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Modotuximab. Modotuximab (INN; formerly zatuximab) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer. It acts as an immunomodulator and binds to HER1.
References
Monoclonal antibodies for tumors
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The Dialectical Biologist. The Dialectical Biologist is a 1985 book by the ecologist Richard Levins and the biologist Richard Lewontin, in which the authors sketch a dialectical approach to biology. They see "dialectics" more as a set of questions to ask about biological research, a weapon against dogmatism, than as a set of pre-determined answers.
They focus on the (dialectical) relationship between the "whole" (or totality) and the "parts." "Part makes whole, and whole makes part". That is, a biological system of some kind consists of a collection of heterogeneous parts. All of these contribute to the character of the whole, as in reductionist thinking. On the other hand, the whole has an existence independent of the parts and feeds back to affect and determine the nature of the parts. This back-and-forth (dialectic) of causation implies a dynamic process.
For example, Darwinian evolution points to the competition of a variety of species, each with heterogeneous members, within a given environment. This leads to changing species and even to new species arising. A dialectical biologist fully accepts this picture then looks for ways in which the competing creatures (which serve as the internal conflicts in the environment) lead to changes. The changes manifest in the creatures themselves, through the creatures embracing biological adaptations that provide them with advantages, and in the environment itself, as when the action of microbes encourages the erosion of rocks. Further, each species is part of the "environment" of all the others.
References
1985 in biology
1985 non-fiction books
Biology books
Books by Richard Lewontin
English-language non-fiction books
Harvard University Press books
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Seahorse Bioscience. Seahorse Bioscience is a private company that develops and manufactures cellular bioenergetics analytical instruments. Seahorse also manufactures consumable labware products, and consumables for measuring cell metabolism. The company was formerly known as Thermogenic Imaging. Recognized for developing novel, leading-edge cellular bioenergetic technologies, the company is best known for developing the XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer.
The first in vitro metabolic measurement, XF technology non-invasively profiles the metabolic activity of cells in minutes, offering scientists a physiologic cell-based assay for the determination of basal oxygen consumption, glycolysis rates, ATP production, and respiratory capacity in a single experiment to assess mitochondrial dysfunction.
Company President and CEO, Jay Teich founded the company in 2001 along with Andy Neilson and Jim Orrell. Seahorse Bioscience is headquartered in North Billerica, Massachusetts, with its manufacturing facility in Chicopee, Massachusetts, and international offices in Shanghai, China and Copenhagen, Denmark. In early 2016, Seahorse Bioscience was acquired by Agilent Technologies.
History
Seahorse Bioscience introduced extracellular flux technology to the life sciences market in 2006. XF instruments measure cellular bioenergies in real time, in a microplate, and are used for scientific research, as well as drug discovery and development.
Seahorse Bioscience bought BioProcessors Corp in 2009. BioProcessors Corp manufactured systems for optimizing drug manufacturing.
XF Analyzers are capable of measuring the two major energy producing pathways of the cell simultaneously, mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, allowing scientists to get the most physiologically relevant bioenergetic assay available, resulting in a better overall view of metabolism. XF technology also measures fatty acid oxidation, and metabolism of glucose and amino acids for kinetic metabolic information. Research on obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases use this technology.
Seahorse Bioscience raised $9.4 million to use for research and development, and company growth in 2012. The European Union awarded the company a $3 million grant in 2012 for implementing programs to train young researchers.
The company had 150 employees in May 2012.
Prior investors in Seahorse Bioscience include HML Venture Partners, Commonwealth Capital Ventures, FLIR Systems Inc., New Science Ventures, and Healthcare Ventures.
Products
Seahorse Bioscience sells instruments and consumables. The XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer is the best-selling instrument. Consumables include Flux Paks, Microplates, and Stress Kits. The Flux Analyzer can measure extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption of tissue samples. Aliquoting different cell metabolism inhibitors can also measure metrics such as glycolytic and aerobic capacity.
The XF Palmitate-BSA FAO Reagent is a solution absorbed by cells. This product eliminates the need for radioactivity in fatty acid oxidation.
Recognition
Seahorse Bioscience received The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) poster award in 2008.
“The Scientist” awarded Seahorse Bioscience's XF96 Analyzer a Top Ten Innovation for 2009. It also won the Best New Product award at the 2009 Molecular Medicine Conference.
Inc.com ranked Seahorse Bioscience on the 2011 Inc. 5000 List, and also the 2012 Inc.5000 List. In 2012 the company ranked #119 in all Health related companies and #47 for all companies in the Boston area.
References
Companies established in 2001
Companies based in Billerica, Massachusetts
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Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine. The HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (branded as HKUMed) is the medical school of the University of Hong Kong (HKU), a public research university. It was founded in 1887 as the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, one of the oldest western medical schools in the Asia–Pacific region, and which served as the base for HKU's founding in 1910.
The faculty consists of several schools and departments that provide tertiary programmes in medicine, nursing, pharmacy and Chinese medicine. English is the medium of instruction for all classes, while Chinese is retained for the teaching of Chinese medicine. It is located several kilometres away from the university's main campus and is near the Queen Mary Hospital, its main teaching facility and research base. The faculty was renamed after businessman and philanthropist Li Ka-shing in 2006 following a donation.
HKUMed is the older of the two medical faculties in Hong Kong, the other one being the Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Together, they are the sole two tertiary institutions offering medical and pharmacy education and research in the city.
History
The London Missionary Society founded the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese in 1887. Kai Ho, James Cantlie, Patrick Manson and G. P. Jordan were the founding professionals. The college is described as "one of the oldest western medical schools in the Far East". Important initiatives were led by notable members such as Patrick Manson, an experienced medical practitioner who made his name in the field of tropical medicine. Having served in the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs as a medical officer for 18 years, he took up private practice in Hong Kong from 1883 to 1889. Sir Kai Ho Kai was also a member of the Chinese elite in colonial Hong Kong. He played a major role in convincing the Chinese population that western medicine was acceptable in a culture that had been largely dominated by traditional Chinese medicine.
In 1907, the school was renamed the Hong Kong College of Medicine. In 1908, it was authorised to sign death certificates. The nucleus of the school would later create the foundation for the new University of Hong Kong (HKU) in 1910. Chinese society at the time was not quite ready for western medicine; as a result, many of the college's medical graduates had difficulty finding employment.
The college was merged to become the medical school of HKU in 1911, one of the university's first faculties. The establishment of the Queen Mary Hospital in 1937 brought the faculty a major clinical teaching and research base. However, the Japanese occupation of the city during the Second World War disrupted teaching, and many staff and students were imprisoned. Following the end of the war, it reopened and soon became an important training centre of clinicians in the city, with many departments and schools in healthcare and medical sciences opened.
Important milestones of the medical school include being the world's first team to successfully identify the SARS coronavirus, the causative agent of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak, on 21 March 2003. This was followed by the visit of Wen Jiabao to the faculty acknowledging the institute's contribution, the first time a premier of China had visited a university in Hong Kong. Moreover, a State Key laboratory for emerging infectious diseases was established, the first of its kind located outside mainland China. The faculty launched a Bachelor of Pharmacy programme in 2008, being the second and of two institutions in the city offering pharmacy education.
Programmes offered
As of 2024, HKUMed offers seven undergraduate degree programmes:
Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
Bachelor of Nursing
Bachelor of Chinese Medicine
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Bachelor of Arts and Sciences in Global Health Development
Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences
Bachelor of Science in Bioinformatics
Medical graduates are awarded the M.B., B.S.; the equivalent degree offered by the faculty of medicine at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is the M.B., Ch.B. Both degrees are based on the UK model for medical degrees. HKUMed also provides various postgraduate programmes, including postgraduate diplomas, master's and doctoral degrees.
In July 2024, HKUMed revealed plans to establish a graduate medical programme, which would cover the content of the normal six-year undergraduate curriculum within a study period of four years. The first cohort could be admitted as early as 2025, dependent on approval by local health authorities. The faculty also expressed confidence that it could increase its annual intake of medical students from 295 to 400 students, amid Hong Kong's long-standing shortage of doctors. The announcement is seen as efforts to compete for talent, and had followed news a few days earlier that the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology was in talks with Imperial College London about establishing and jointly operating the city's third medical school, which would also admit students with an undergraduate degree. Two days after HKUMed's announcement, CUHK's medical school similarly announced plans to introduce a graduate medical programme.
Schools and departments
HKUMed is mainly organised into five schools and one department, :
School of Biomedical Sciences
School of Chinese Medicine
School of Clinical Medicine
School of Nursing
School of Public Health
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
The School of Clinical Medicine further consists of 14 departments, :
Anaesthesiology
Clinical Oncology
Diagnostic Radiology
Emergency Medicine
Family Medicine and Primary Care
Medicine
Microbiology
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Ophthalmology
Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Pathology
Psychiatry
Surgery
Controversies
Criticism of Prince of Wales hospital by dean during SARS epidemic
During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, the faculty's dean, Lam Shiu-kum, publicly criticised the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH) and its associated medical school (under the Chinese University of Hong Kong) for their alleged poor handling of the outbreak. As PWH was at the centre of the outbreak, Lam wrote in a letter to the South China Morning Post (SCMP):
In response via a letter to the SCMP, more than one hundred doctors from the PWH refuted his claims and called for unity. They wrote that they found it "objectionable and distressing to be subjected to such accusations" and that such criticisms had been "very damaging to the morale of the frontline staff" at the hospital, adding that they had been under extreme stress for more than four weeks.
Lo Wing-lok, president of the Hong Kong Medical Association, said that "this type of mud-slinging was unhelpful" and that "we did not have the benefit of hindsight when we were facing this catastrophe". Similarly, Ho Shiu-wei, chief executive of the Hospital Authority, said that Lam's accusations were easy in hindsight. Both attributed the criticisms to the long-standing rivalry between the two medical schools and their teaching hospitals, and called for solidarity and collaboration.
Renaming of the faculty
As one of the founding faculties of The University of Hong Kong, the Faculty of Medicine changed to its present name after securing a pledge of a HK$1 billion donation from businessman and philanthropist Li Ka-shing under the funding of Li Ka Shing Foundation. The renaming was objected to by many students and prominent alumni of the faculty. Despite this, the university officially renamed the faculty on 1 January 2006.
Patient billing controversy and jailing of former dean
In January 2007, the University of Hong Kong (HKU) set up an inquiry committee after receiving complaints "relating to certain billing arrangements in respect of private patients of a clinical department of the university". In March amid the investigation, the faculty's dean, Lam Shiu-kum, abruptly resigned, citing "personal reasons". HKU acknowledged that Lam's resignation was a "highly unusual" event.
HKU was questioned by legislator Kwok Ka-ki on why it had earned only slightly more at its Queen Mary Hospital (QMH) than the Chinese University of Hong Kong did at their Prince of Wales Hospital, despite conducting three times more operations a year. In an article published by the South China Morning Post in March 2007, an anonymous medical source familiar with the faculty's operation said that there had long been a lack of monitoring and transparency concerning the faculty's billing of private services. The source was reported saying, "[f]or example, the surgical department alone can make more than HK$10 million a year. But for years frontline doctors are not told where the money goes, it is a black hole".
In September 2009, Lam was sentenced to 25 months in jail after pleading guilty to misconduct in public office. Between 2003 and 2007, Lam had induced 12 of his patients at QMH to pay what appeared to be medical bills issued by the university and the hospital, but were payable to Gastrointestinal Research, a company wholly owned by Lam. The payments totalled HK$130,000. Lam had also asked three patients to make HK$3.8million in donations to medical research, which he then pocketed. In passing sentence, the judge said that although the patients' well-being was not compromised, Lam had seriously breached the trust of both the faculty and his patients, and had attempted to cover up his misconduct. The judge said he had taken into account 22 letters that spoke highly of Lam's character and contributions to medicine, including one from former Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa, whom Lam was personal physician for. Setting a starting point of five years jail, the judge deducted 35 months for Lam's guilty plea, his good character, and the fact that he had repaid all the money, leaving 25 months. Prosecutors were advised by the secretary of justice not to proceed with 33 charges of fraud and theft, which were thus left on file.
After the scandal, HKU introduced 16 measures to eliminate loopholes concerning the billing of private patients by faculty staff. In August 2010, Lam was released early from prison after serving 11 months of his 25-month sentence, but was required to live under supervision in a correctional services hostel for six months.
Notable alumni
Hong Kong College of Medicine
Sun Yat-senChinese revolutionary, founding father and first president of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
Li Shu FanHong Kong doctor and politician
Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
Yuen Kwok-yungHong Kong microbiologist
Paul TamHong Kong doctor
Ko Wing-manHong Kong doctor and former secretary for food and health
Chuang Shuk-kwan – Hong Kong public health doctor and government official
Constance Chan Hon-yee – Hong Kong public health doctor and former director of the Department of Health
Joseph Sung – Hong Kong physician and gastroenterologist
Ip Wing-Yuk – Hong Kong orthopaedic surgeon and former president of the "Hong Kong, China Weightlifting and Powerlifting Association"
Fung Hong – former cluster chief executive of the New Territories East Cluster, and hospital chief executive of Prince of Wales Hospital
Dennis Lam – Hong Kong ophthalmologist, businessman, and politician
Edward Leong – Hong Kong urologist, politician, and former chairman of the Hospital Authority
Karen Lam – Hong Kong doctor and researcher
Ronald Leung – Hong Kong politician and businessman
David Todd – Hong Kong haematologist and founding president of the Hong Kong College of Physicians and the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine
Chiu Hin-kwong – Hong Kong doctor and politician
Kan Yuet-wai – Chinese geneticist and haematologist
Raymond Wu – Hong Kong politician and doctor
Lee Sum-ping – Chinese physician and gastroenterologist
Chau Sik-nin – Hong Kong doctor, politician and businessman
Yeoh Eng-kiong – Hong Kong physician and former secretary for health, welfare and food
Teaching hospitals
Queen Mary Hospital (Hong Kong)
The Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital at Sandy Bay
Grantham Hospital
Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital
Kowloon Hospital
MacLehose Medical Rehabilitation Centre
Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital
Ruttonjee Hospital
Tsan Yuk Hospital
Tung Wah Hospital
Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital
See also
Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese
Medical education in Hong Kong
The University of Hong Kong
Li Ying College
Notes
References
Medical schools in Hong Kong
University of Hong Kong
1887 establishments in Hong Kong
Universities and colleges established in 1887
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Psi Phoenicis. Psi Phoenicis (ψ Phoenicis) is a star in the constellation Phoenix. Its apparent magnitude varies from 4.3 to 4.5 with a period of about 30 days. It is visible to the naked eye. It is approximately 342 light years away based on parallax.
Psi Phoenicis is a red giant in the asymptotic branch with a spectral type of M4III, indicating it is an evolved star in the last evolutionary stage before becoming a white dwarf. In 1973 astronomer Olin J. Eggen discovered it is a variable star, varying in magnitude between 4.3 and 4.5 with an approximate period of 30 days. A more recent study identified two possible periods of 43.7 and 48.1 days, with amplitudes of 0.038 and 0.023 magnitudes. The star is classified as a semiregular variable, of no specific subtype.
In 2001, Psi Phoenicis was observed by the VLT Interferometer with the test instrument VINCI. The observations, in combination with stellar atmospheric models, detected the limb darkening effect on the star's disk and found an angular diameter of , corresponding to a stellar radius of . From the radius and estimating an effective temperature of , a luminosity of 1,000 times the solar luminosity was calculated. A 2008 study reanalyzed the interferometric data with a new atmospheric model, finding an angular diameter of and a radius of .
By having directly measured distance, radius and luminosity, Psi Phoenicis was included in a list of 34 well characterized stars to be used as a reference. This program made the first measurement of the metallicity of Psi Phoenicis, showing it is a metal-poor star with only 5% the amount of iron of the Sun ([Fe/H] = ). This value has a large uncertainty due to the difficulties in modeling the spectra of cool stars, which have strong molecular absorption. The evolutionary state and poorly constrained metallicity result in an uncertain mass of . Assuming a metallicity closer to solar, a mass of is derived.
Psi Phoenicis is considered a single star, and has no known companions. It has been considered a possible spectroscopic binary, including in the Hipparcos Catalogue, which stems from spectroscopic observations in 1919 which showed a possibly variable radial velocity. More recent data, however, showed the velocity to be constant.
References
M-type giants
Asymptotic-giant-branch stars
Semiregular variable stars
Phoenix (constellation)
Phoenicis, Psi
Durchmusterung objects
011695
008837
0555
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Mu Phoenicis. μ Phoenicis, Latinized as Mu Phoenicis, is a suspected astrometric binary star system in the southern constellation of Phoenix. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, yellow-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.59. This system is located approximately 246 light years distant from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +17.4 km/s.
The visible component is an aging G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G8III. Having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core, this star cooled and expanded off the main sequence. At present it has 13 times the girth of the Sun. It is 1.4 billion years old with 2.5 times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating 97 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,900 K.
References
G-type giants
Astrometric binaries
Phoenix (constellation)
Phoenicis, Mu
Durchmusterung objects
003919
003245
0180
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Lambda1 Phoenicis. {{DISPLAYTITLE:Lambda1 Phoenicis}}
λ1 Phoenicis, Latinized as Lambda1 Phoenicis, is a double star in the southern constellation of Phoenix. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, white-hued point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.76. The system is located approximately 183 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. It is a member of the Hyades Supercluster.
The brighter component is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A0Va. It may form a binary system of two roughly equal stars. An infrared excess suggests there is a debris disk orbiting from the star with a mean temperature of 95 K. It has one visual companion at an angular separation of about and magnitude 13.7.
References
A-type main-sequence stars
Circumstellar disks
Double stars
Hyades Stream
Phoenix (constellation)
Phoenicis, Lambda1
Durchmusterung objects
002834
002472
0125
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Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge. Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge () is a 1924 essay by the German philosopher, sociologist, and anthropologist Max Scheler. It reappeared in expanded form in Scheler's 1926 book Die Wissensformen und die Gesellschaft. It was translated into English by Manfred S. Frings and published by Routledge & Kegan Paul in 1980.
See also
Sociology of knowledge
References
Sociology of knowledge
Philosophical anthropology
Contemporary philosophical literature
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Metropolitan Free Hospital. The Metropolitan Free Hospital was a London hospital, founded in 1836 and based for most of its existence in Kingsland Road, Hackney. It became part of the NHS in 1948, and closed in 1977, with its residual functions transferring to Barts Hospital.
History
Early years
The hospital was founded by Jonathan Fry, a son of Elizabeth Fry, to provide medical treatment for the destitute, in 1836. Its mission was ‘to grant immediate relief to the sick poor of every nation and class whatever may be their diseases, on presenting themselves to the charity without letter of recommendation; such letters being always procured with difficulty and often after dangerous delay’. It was based initially at 29 Carey Street, near Lincoln's Inn, previously the home of the silversmith Richard Cooke. In 1843, Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge sponsored its first inpatient beds.
In 1850, the hospital moved to 8 Devonshire Square, Bishopsgate, and soon after began to treat inpatients. However, in the 1870s, the Devonshire Square site was wanted by the Great Eastern Railway Company to extend their London terminus, Liverpool Street Station. The hospital sold its premises to the railway for £8,500 in 1876. It moved to 81 Commercial Street, Spitalfields and remained there until 1885 when it found a suitable site on the Kingsland Road.
Kingsland Road
The hospital operated from a series of buildings on Kingsland Road while a dedicated building was being constructed between 1885 and 1886. Under its new governor, Sir Edmund Hay Currie, it began to charge a small subscription, and so dropped the word ‘Free’ from its title. As the Metropolitan Hospital, it formed a partnership with Anglican nursing order, the Order of All Saints. In 1902 King Edward VII became its patron. The hospital developed specialist services, including a dedicated ward for Jewish patients, and expertise in treating tuberculosis. In 1948 the Metropolitan Hospital became part of the National Health Service. After services were transferred to Barts Hospital, the hospital closed in 1977. The building was subsequently converted for use as a business centre and as a hostel.
Nursing care
The Order of All Saints, also known as the Sisters of St Peter's of Kilburn were asked to reorganise the nursing care in 1888 and ran the nursing department until 1895. In 1897 Eva Luckes, Matron of The London Hospital agreed that one of her staff, Mabel Cave RRC (1863–1953) could go there for six months to reorganise the nursing department. Cave took with her several nurses to reorganise and instill Nightingale style nursing. Cave became matron of The Westminster Hospital in 1898.
Notable staff
Isabel Catherine Bennett RRC (1862–1932), Matron 1898–1922. Bennett also trained at The London Hospital under Eva Luckes between 1893 and 1895. Bennett was described as being a much-loved matron, who had happy and contented staff. In the First World War, the Metropolitan Hospital was an outpost of Queen Alexandra's Military Hospital in Millbank for wounded and sick officers. During the war her workload increased considerably, as the hospital expanded from 160 civilian beds, with an additional 302 military beds. Bennett remained in charge for over 23 years before retiring in 1922.
References
Hospital buildings completed in 1886
1836 establishments in England
Hospitals established in 1836
Health in London
Defunct hospitals in London
Voluntary hospitals
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Engineering Geology (journal). Engineering Geology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. The journal covers research on engineering geology. The editors-in-chief are G.B. Crosta (University of Milan), R.J. Shlemon (Roy J. Shlemon & Associates Inc., Newport Beach, California), C.H. Juang (Clemson University), C. Carranza-Torres (University of Minnesota Duluth). The journal publishes research papers, case studies and histories, and reviews. The journal was established in 1965.
Abstracting and indexing
This journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the 2018 Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.100.
See also
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment
References
External links
Elsevier academic journals
Engineering geology journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1965
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MPAO. MPAO may refer to:
Polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming), an enzyme
N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase, an enzyme
Metallocene Polyalphaolefin (mPAO) an advanced synthetic base lubricant oil
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Navamsa (astrology). In Vedic astrology a constant reference is made to the Navamsa occupied by planets and the Lagna-point. Both, the Rasi-chart and the Navamsa-chart are deemed equally important and therefore, consulted together. Whereas the Rasi-chart provides overall information regarding the location of planets and sensitive-points such as the Lagna, the latter provides vital information regarding their active quality and strength. A planet may be well-placed in the natal-chart Rasi-wise but its full effects may not materialise if its situation in the navamsa-chart is not supportive.
Definition
In Vedic astrology, Navamsa means one-ninth part of a Zodiac Sign. Navamsa literally means the "Ninth Division". Thus, each navamsa measures 3 degrees and 20 minutes in longitude or one-quarter of a Nakshatra (Constellation), and the Zodiac of Signs comprises 108 navamsas. There are 3 important ways of reckoning a Navamsa Chart:
1. Parasara Navamsa
2. Krishna Mishra Navamsa
3. Somanatha Navamsa
Parasara Navamsa Method:
1. Aries, Leo & Sagittarius - Starts from Aries up to Sagittarius in direct motion.
2. Taurus, Virgo & Capricorn - Starts from Capricorn to Virgo in direct motion.
3. Gemini, Libra & Aquarius - Starts from Libra to Gemini in direct motion.
4. Cancer, Scorpio & Pisces - Starts from Cancer to Pisces in direct motion.
Krishna Mishra Navamsa Method:
1. Aries, Leo & Sagittarius - Starts from Aries up to Sagittarius in direct motion.
2. Taurus, Virgo & Capricorn - Starts from Capricorn to Taurus in backward motion.
3. Gemini, Libra & Aquarius - Starts from Libra to Gemini in direct motion.
4. Cancer, Scorpio & Pisces - Starts from Cancer to Scorpio in backward motion.
Somanatha Navamsa Method:
1. Aries, Leo & Sagittarius - Starts from Aries up to Sagittarius in direct motion.
2. Taurus, Virgo & Capricorn - Starts from Virgo to Capricorn in backward motion.
3. Gemini, Libra & Aquarius - Starts from Libra to Gemini in direct motion.
4. Cancer, Scorpio & Pisces - Starts from Pisces to Cancer in backward motion.
The lords of 1st, 4th and 7th navamsa of a sign represent the Deva ("Divine beings" and constructive forces); persons born with any of these navamsas rising in the Lagna are generous, religious, wealthy, powerful and influential. Persons born in the 2nd, 5th or the 8th navamsa whose lords represent the Naras ("Human beings" and their efforts) are generally kind, good natured, engaged in the pursuits of human welfare and reputed; and in the 3rd, the 6th or the 9th navamsa whose lords represent the Rakshasas ("Demonic beings" and evil forces) are selfish, cruel, violent, destructive and possess many negative qualities. Moreover, the Lagna-rasi and the Lagna-lord should not form or occupy the 6th, the 8th or the 12th bhava in the Navamsa Chart nor the lords of the 6th, the 8th or the 12th of the Rasi Chart associate with the Navamsa Lagna or its lord.
In the Jaimini System of prognostication the use of eight karakas determined according to the respective minutes & seconds of the eight planets is recommended and their navamsa-occupation noted. Any planet can acquire any karakatwa but the prime indicator is the Atmakaraka along with the various lagnas and padas.
Implication
A Navamsa is equal to one-ninth part of a sign or one nakshatra-pada (one-fourth part of a constellation) and is one of the Shodasvargas i.e. one of the sixteen sub-divisions of a sign that give more and more precise good or bad position of a planet or lagna-point in the natal-chart vis-à-vis other signs and sign-lords. Birth in Vargottama Lagna is considered very fortunate and planets in Vargottama are very strong and confer benefic results if they do not occupy inimical signs. The occupation of own navamsa by a planet is superior to the occupation of its exaltation-navamsa. The planet which is in its exaltation sign in the Rasi-chart but situated in its neecha-navamsa (debilitated in Navamsa-chart) produces its bad results very soon, however, a planet situated in its debilitation sign in the Rasi-chart but in its uccha-navamsa (exalted in Navamsa-chart) invariably confers auspicious results. If at the time of birth planets are placed in inimical signs even if they be in Vargottama they render all Raja yogas useless, the same is true if many planets are in debilitation. The Rajayogakarakas cease to be Rajayogakarakas if they happen to occupy their neecha-navamsas. Saturn occupying its own or exaltation sign does not afflict natural benefics or their yoga-formations provided it does not simultaneously occupy its neecha-navamsa but all planets occupying navamsas ruled by Jupiter usually act as benefics and if situated in a kendra, in the 9th or in the 2nd house from the lagna make one very learned, famous and even establish a new school of thought or system. Rahu and Ketu (mythology) do not rule any navamsa-division but a navamsa of Mars is to be found in all signs.
Results of planetary periods (dashas) and sub-periods (antra-dashas) vary in accordance with the particular location of those bhava-lords in the Navamsa-chart. A planet otherwise strongly placed in the Rasi-chart with reference to a specific bhava or its lord does not produce in its own dasha/antra-dasha the anticipated good results relating to that bhava in full if it happens to be situated in the navamsa-chart in the 6th, the 8th or the 12th from the sign occupied by that particular bhava-lord e.g. the lord of the Lagna situated in the 3rd house in conjunction with the lord of the 3rd gives prosperous, happy and helpful brothers but if in the navamsa-chart the lord of the lagna is in the 6th, the 8th or the 12th from the lord of the 3rd then there may be enmity with brothers or sorrow to them. If the lord of the 2nd house is in conjunction with the lord of the 10th situated in the 10th house and the lord of the lagna is involved in Rajayoga one secures a high political or administrative position during the dasha/antra-dasha of the lord of the 2nd house but in case in the navamsa-chart the lord of the 2nd is in the 6th, the 8th or the 12th from the lord of the 10th then contrary results will be experienced.
In Prasna Marga the author has in addition to the Navamsa also referred to the Nava Navamsa and the Navamsa Dwadasamsa positions, the former position is obtained by multiplying the actual longitude (signs included) of a planet by 81, and the latter by multiplying the actual longitude (signs excluded) of a planet by 12. In Horary astrology, the navamsa-lagna has a direct bearing on the level of success reached; it should be ruled by a benefic planet and not be in a Shunya Rasi at the time of performing any beneficial activity, be of planets whose varas are favourable for the event. Negative effects diminish if benefic are strong in the lagna, in a kendra or in a trine, the situation of the Moon in 11th house removes all defects. The Navamsa Chart is also called the "Fortune Chart", for it is the hidden force and on its strength or weakness depends how one's destiny unfolds; it gives the measure of destiny. This chart, which complements the Rasi Chart, helps judge the strengths and weaknesses of planets and their respective dispositors as at the time of one's birth, at the time of query and for purpose of fixing auspicious muhurtas.
Role in Yoga formation
All yoga formations follow inviolable basic rules and principles and therefore, the yogas described by the various texts are very certain in their construction and impact. All sub-divisions of a sign, including the navamsa situation of planets, have prescribed roles and results and contribute to their determination. For example, a Raja yoga description reads as follows:
If at the time of birth the Moon situated in a trikona-bhava (trine) is in the 8th navamsa of Aquarius, Mars occupies the 7th navamsa of Aries and Mercury is in the 21st vimsamsa of Gemini, a king is born.
This yoga is possible for Gemini lagna and Libra lagna. Then, the Moon occupying its exalted navamsa will be in a trikona-bhava from a strong Mercury. Mars in its own sign in the house of gains (11th house) or in the 7th, casting its aspect on the lagna while occupying an unfriendly but a benefic navamsa can make one an unforgiving undisputed undefeated despot. In the case of Gemini lagna the person will be a very wealthy ruler, and in the case of Libra lagna the person will be an all-conquering emperor.
And, for example,
Jataka Tattva states that first find out in which drekkena (decanate) the lords of the 2nd and the 11th are placed, then find out the lords of the navamsas that are occupied by the lords of those drekkenas, if the lords of these navamsas attain Vaishesika-amsa and occupy the kendras or the trikonas from the lagna then the person will be blessed with a very sound financial status.
Vaishesika-amsa is attained when a planet not in its debilitation sign or combust or defeated in grahyuddha avoiding a trika-bhava (6th, 8th or 12th) happens to occupy all ten own, friendly or exalted vargas (sub-divisions) of a sign.
As per Jaimini the financial status of a person is indicated by the Lagnarudha and its lord. Arudha lagna associated with benefics gives wealth, if the 2nd house from this lagna is occupied by Venus, Moon and Jupiter or if the Arudha rasi of the 7th house happens to be a kendra or trikona or the 3rd or 11th from Lagnarudha the person will be very wealthy. Poverty is indicated if the Arudha rasi of the 7th falls on the 6th, the 8th or the 12th from Lagnarudha. There will be destruction of wealth through association with women of ill-repute if the 9th from Karakamsa is joined by Rahu. Karakamsa is the navamsa occupied by the Atmakaraka, the planet most advanced in any one sign in one's natal chart. Planet which is in 12th House of Karakamsa Lagna is Indicates Ishta Devata. Worshipping the deity Signified by that Planet will Help in Spiritual Progress.
References
External links
"Concepts to read Navamsa"
Truly Divine website
Bhrigu Bindu In Vedic Astrology
Ketu in 1st House of Navamsa Chart
Technical factors of Hindu astrology
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In Saturn's Rings. In Saturn's Rings is a large format movie about Saturn made exclusively from real photographs taken by spacecraft. Director Stephen V. Stone used more than 7.5 million photographs and numerous film techniques to create the effect of flying through space around Saturn and among its rings. CGI and 3-D modeling were not used in any capacity to create the realistic feel Stone wanted for the viewer's experience. Most of the photos were taken by various major space missions.
The film was originally expected to be released on December 31, 2014. It was scheduled for release on May 4, 2018, to coincide with Star Wars Day. The 45-minute film will be released in four formats:
Native unmodified fulldome with true fulldome camera field-of-view.
Dome-optimized master for digital (8K and 4K resolution) and 15/70.
Flat-screen, 1.33-ratio, 4K giant screen version digital and 15/70.
Digital cinema 4K/2K in flat aspect ratio.
Background
Sparked by Cassinis arrival at Saturn in 2004 and the media's lack of coverage, Stone produced two art films about space exploration. Photos from space missions — including images of Saturn taken by Cassini — were included. But Stone was not satisfied with the results so did not release them.
While listening to the Adagio for Strings by Samuel Barber one day in 2006, Stone conceived the idea of creating moving images of Saturn based on a pan-and-scan 2.5-D effect they had seen in the 2002 documentary The Kid Stays in the Picture. The technique involves creating a 3-D perspective using still photographs. (The Adagio for Strings would later become part of the soundtrack for In Saturn's Rings.)
Outside In (2004–2012)
After having success with a black-and-white HD animation of Saturn images from the Cassini mission based on The Kid Stays in the Picture effect, Stone wrote a script for a 12-minute film about why space should be explored. They envisioned the film, which they called Outside In, showing at planetariums, museums, and film festivals.
James Hyder, editor of the large film format journal LF Examiner, learned about Stone's project and told them it belonged on the giant screen. Inspired by Hyder's encouragement as well as a viewing of the IMAX film Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D, Stone committed themselves to making their film in large format.
Stone spent the next three years doing numerous rewrites and reworks of the film. They was unable to create a script using narration in classic documentary format that was able to express what they felt the images were conveying. An avid fan of the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, directed by Stanley Kubrick, Stone finally found their moment of clarity during their annual viewing of that movie in 2009. "There are only 11 minutes of dialog in 2001's 140 minutes," Stone told LF Examiner in 2012. "I realized what Kubrick and writer Arthur C. Clarke understood: space is universal, primal, infinite. Words simply fail to convey the experience of exploring space."
As a result, Stone eliminated the narration entirely and instead, allows the images and music to give each viewer a personalized experience of Saturn.
In Saturn's Rings (2012–present)
After discussion with audiences at IMAX conferences, Stone decided the film title Outside In was not a good match for the film's sensibility. The Giant Film Cinema Association had been publicizing the film and surveys it conducted supported this. It was during a discussion in 2012 about the film's climax where he was describing Earth "in Saturn's rings" that Stone realized they had found their new title.
A 2013 Kickstarter campaign has raised nearly double the initial $37,500 goal. Much of that amount was used to finance a new recording of Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings, performed by the Greensboro Symphony Orchestra. (Stone currently resides in Greensboro, North Carolina.)
The film's advisors include Dr. Steve Danford, retired associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Dr. Michael J. Malaska, technologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; author and space journalist Andrew Chaikin; and NASA Solar System Ambassadors Tony Rice and Jonathan Ward.
Although narration had originally been removed in 2009, by 2014 Stone realized that a sparse narration was necessary for the film. This amounted to 5 pages and about 1200 words in total. After listening to many voice actors one stood out and he asked LeVar Burton to be the narrator for the film in 2017. LeVar Burton recorded the narration in Los Angeles on 3 February 2018.
Animation and image processing
Stone wanted viewers to feel as if they were flying through space. His biggest challenge was how to do this without having to rely on traditional computer-generated images. Although The Kid Stays in the Picture effect had opened the door to inventive ways of manipulating photographs, Stone did not find it robust enough to tackle Saturn's rings. They experimented with dozens of other techniques both old and new, including the "Bullet Time" effect (e.g. as seen in The Matrix films), which employs multiple still cameras to create variable speeds of motion.
The director determined that only actual photographs would be used, without hand-drawn or computer-generated images (CGI). This required the use of over 7.5 million separate images, captured in space or by telescopes. To present a 3-dimensional effect, images would be composited and moved using multi-plane animation, but no such animation had ever been attempted on this scale. For example, Walt Disney Studios had used this technique with seven layers in films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, whereas In Saturn's Rings uses up to 1.2 million layers in its most complex sequence.
About 25% of the image processing work is performed using Adobe After Effects. Most of the remaining work is done with Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Bridge, GIMP, and custom-written software.
In Saturn's Rings strives to present an accurate representation of the view which would be seen by a person traveling through space, arriving at Saturn. The film's image processing requires complex mathematics and extremely high-resolution images. Over 30 individuals and groups contributed their efforts to acquiring and processing the images, including Gordan Ugarkovic (largest image donor: Cassini, Huygens, Messenger, LRO), Colin Legg (astrophotographer), Val Klavans (image donor and image processor), Bill Eberly (lead SDSS image processor), Jason Harwell (lead Hubble/ESO image processor), Judy Schmidt (Hubble/ESO image processor) and Ian Regan (lead image processor and donor: Titan/Saturn/Jupiter).
Image sources
The film relies primarily on photographs of Saturn and its moons, taken by the Cassini-Huygens probe. A large number of other sources were also used. Many of these images of stars and galaxies were taken from camera locations much closer to Earth, during the crewed Apollo missions and by the Hubble Space Telescope. These images "set the stage" during the film's opening sequences, before the viewer approaches Saturn.
Sources include:
Cassini-Huygens
Apollo 8-17
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
Hubble Space Telescope
MESSENGER spacecraft
Suomi NPP (VIIRS)
Galileo
Voyager 1 and 2
Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Venus Express (VEX)
Rosetta
Dawn
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
U.S. Library of Congress
Other public historical photographic archives
Viral video and public support
People got their first look at his work when Stone posted a clip from Outside In on Vimeo in late 2010. On March 9, 2011, the science fiction and futurism website io9 posted the clip, which quickly went viral. The clip received hundreds of thousands of views, prompting wide support and new backers for Stone's project. NASA named the clip its Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) on March 15 and it was featured on Discovery Canada's Daily Planet television series. Also notable in 2011, Bill Nye posted the clip on his blog, stating: "Outside In plays your dreams right before your eyes. You'll soar past our nearby worlds and see for yourself what these extraordinary places look like up close... Outside In makes you part of our species' extraordinary extraterrestrial journeys."
The film is being produced entirely with volunteer labor, and financed through donations from individuals and groups. It is budgeted at US$265,000 compared to the $6 million typical budget for an IMAX film.
Distribution and release
A distribution agreement was signed in 2013 with BIG & Digital, a boutique distributor of films for museums, attractions and cinemas, specializing in large-screen film formats including IMAX.
On July 1, 2017, filmmaker Stephen V. Stone announced on the official website and via a Facebook Live video the world premiere date of May 4, 2018, with locations to be determined.
During the COVID-19 pandemic alert, authors let theaters show the film freely under certain conditions.
On July 31st, 2024, the film and filmmaker announced on Facebook, Instagram and the official website that they had secured all rights to the film fully from BIG and Digital, LLC and Reef Distribution. It was also announced that the film will be self-distributed.
In popular culture
In late 2017, Canadian singer Bryan Adams released a music video making extensive use of footage from In Saturn's Rings. The song, "Please Stay", is from Adams' album Ultimate. Adams also directed the video.
References
External links
Documentary films about outer space
Rings of Saturn
Saturn in film
2018 films
2018 short documentary films
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Chromium(I) hydride. Chromium(I) hydride, systematically named chromium hydride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written as or CrH). It occurs naturally in some kinds of stars where it has been detected by its spectrum. However, molecular chromium(I) hydride with the formula CrH has been isolated in solid gas matrices. The molecular hydride is very reactive. As such the compound is not well characterised, although many of its properties have been calculated via computational chemistry.
Molecular forms
A. G. Gaydon first created CrH gas with an electric arc between chromium electrodes in a hydrogen air flame.
CrH can be formed by the reaction of chromium metal vapour, created by an electrical discharge in the presence of hydrogen. The electric discharge breaks up the H2 molecules into reactive H atoms. So the reaction then proceeds as Cr(g) + H → CrH.
Another method to make CrH is to react chromium carbonyl (Cr(CO)6) vapour with atomic hydrogen generated by an electric discharge.
Chromium hydride can also be formed by reacting chromium with methane in an electric arc. This also produces a variety of carbon and hydrogen containing chromium molecules such as CrCH3 and CrCCH. Also it is possible to trap CrH into a solid argon noble gas matrix. The solid argon does not react with CrH and allows studying reactive molecules that need to be kept apart from other molecules. The researchers that produced the trapped CrH molecules also believe that they made and trapped CrH2 molecules, based on its spectrum.
Properties
When produced in the reaction with chromium vapour in an electric discharge, the chromium hydride gas glows with a bright bluish-green colour.
The ground electronic state of CrH is 6Σ+. The outer electronic configuration is σ2σ1δ2π2. The σ2 electron is the bonding electron with hydrogen, and the other electrons are unpaired. The only part of the molecule with nuclear spin, is the proton in the hydrogen. Hyperfine structure of the spectral lines is extremely fine. The Fermi contact term which measures the hyperfine splitting is only -34.43 MHz, whereas for the hydrogen atom it is 1420.40575177 MHz.
The dipole moment of the molecule is 3.864 Debye.
The disassociation energy required to break the molecule into two atoms is 2.118 eV or 1.93 eV.
The CrH molecule is strongly paramagnetic. It can have a lifetime of over 0.1 seconds when it is trapped in 3He cooled to 0.650 K.
Spectrum
Like other molecules, the CrH molecule can store energy in several ways. Firstly, the molecule can spin with the hydrogen atom seeming to orbit the chromium atom. Secondly, it can vibrate with the two atoms bouncing towards and away from each other. Thirdly, electrons can change from one atomic orbital to another in the chromium atom. All of these can happen at the same time. All the numerous combinations of changes result in many different possible energy changes. Each of these changes will match a frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum which is absorbed. When many of these frequencies cluster together in a group, an absorption band results.
An ultraviolet spectral band between 360 and 370 nm was discovered in 1937.
A6Σ+–X6Σ+ transition is observed in S type stars and sunspots and also L type brown dwarfs.
Submillimeter
Changes in the rotational rate of the molecule lead to a far-infrared spectrum. N=1→0 transition has line frequencies at 5/2 → 3/2 337.259145 GHz, 5/2 → 7/2 362.617943 GHz and 362.627794 GHz, and 5/2 → 5/2 396.541818 GHz and 396.590874 GHz. N=2→1 735 GHz; N=3→2 at 1.11 THz N=4→3 at 1.47 THz
Kleman & Uhler observed the infrared spectrum and were the first to note absorption bands.
Occurrence in stars
The existence of CrH in stars was only established in 1980 when spectral lines were identified in S-type stars and sunspots. CrH was discovered in brown dwarfs in 1999. Along with FeH, CrH became useful in classifying L dwarfs. The CrH spectrum was identified in a large sunspot in 1976, but the lines are much less prominent than FeH.
Concentration of CrH in the L5 type of brown dwarf is 3 parts per billion compared to H, whereas the normal abundance of chromium is 0.5 parts per million compared to Hydrogen. In S-type stars a series of unknown lines appeared in the near infrared spectrum. They were termed the Keenan bands based on a spectrum of R Cyg. One of the bands with a band head at 861.11 nm was identified as due to CrH.
CrH is used to classify the L-type brown dwarfs into subtypes L0 to L8. The CrH absorption band is a diagnostic feature of L-type stars. For subtypes of the L-type brown dwarfs, L5 to L8 the CrH band at 861.1 nm is more prominent than the FeH band at 869.2 nm and for L4 these two bands are equally strong. For L0 type stars, TiO lines are similar in strength to CrH lines, and in L1 Ti0 lines are slightly weaker than CrH. L1 to L3 have FeH band stronger than the CrH.
Chromium(II) hydride
A related chemical compound, is the more stable chromium(II) hydride, identified by Weltner et al. in 1979 using a solid argon matrix. This compound is susceptible to dimerisation in the gas phase. The dimer is more stable than the monomer by 121 kJ mol−1. Chromium(II) hydride is the most hydrogenated, groundstate classical hydride of chromium. CrH2 is predicted to be bent, rather than linear in shape. The bond angle is 118±5°. The stretching force constant is 1.64 mdyn / Å. In an inert gas matrix atomic Cr reacts with H2 to make the dihydride when it is irradiated with ultraviolet light between 320 and 380 nm. The CAS number is 13966-81-9.
Non-classical hydrides
Other nonclassical hydrides also exist. They include dihydrogen molecules as a ligand, such as CrH(H2), CrH2(H2), CrH2(H2)2. The nonclassical hydrides are formed by reacting chromium(I) or chromium(II) hydride with dihydrogen gas, with optional inert gas. Chromium trihydride excimer is formed when CrH2(H2) is subjected to green or yellow light.
References
Chromium compounds
Metal hydrides
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Hydroxylamine dehydrogenase. Hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (, HAO (ambiguous)) is an enzyme with systematic name hydroxylamine:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
(1) hydroxylamine + H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c nitrite + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 5 H+
(2) hydroxylamine + ferricytochrome c nitric oxide + ferrocytochrome c + 3 H+
The enzymes from the nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea and the methylotrophic bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus are hemoproteins.
References
External links
EC 1.7.2
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Hydrazine oxidoreductase. Hydrazine oxidoreductase (, HAO (ambiguous)) is an enzyme with systematic name hydrazine:acceptor oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
hydrazine + acceptor N2 + reduced acceptor
Hydrazine oxidoreductase is involved in the pathway of anaerobic ammonium oxidation in anammox bacteria.
References
External links
EC 1.7.99
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WWAMI Regional Medical Education Program. The University of Washington School of Medicine's WWAMI Regional Medical Education Program (often merely referred to as "WWAMI", pronounced "wammy") is a partnership in the western United States, established in 1971 between the state of Washington, the University of Washington and the states of Wyoming (joined in 1996), Alaska, Montana and Idaho, hence the acronym "WWAMI."
Background
In 1970, prompted by the shortage of primary care physicians that have historically affected rural areas, the UW School of Medicine created a four-state (later five-state, with the inclusion of Wyoming in 1996) community-based medical education program with the goal of increasing the number of primary care physicians throughout the northwest United States.
WWAMI was created as a regional medical education program for neighboring states that, at the time, lacked their own medical schools, (The Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine was founded in 2016 in Meridian, ID, and Washington State University founded the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine in Spokane, WA in 2015) while also encouraging physicians-in-training to eventually stay and practice in the region, as the amount of time students spend in a given state is thought to increase their likelihood of practicing there after graduation. The program is largely considered a success, and serves as a model for comprehensive regional medical education.
Prior to the addition of Wyoming in 1996, the program was known as "WAMI." That state's previous arrangement was with the private Creighton University School of Medicine in Omaha, Nebraska.
Program
The program has five stated goals:
Provide publicly supported medical education
Increase the number of primary care physicians and correct the maldistribution of physicians
Provide community-based medical education
Expand graduate medical education and continuing medical education
Provide all of these in a cost-effective manner
The program model uses existing state universities in the five states for the first 18 months of medical school - the Foundations Phase - the equivalent of years one and two. For the third and fourth years of clinical education, sites across the five states are used. There are over 3,000 individual physicians affiliated with WWAMI that are available for the required and elective clerkships.
The program provides in-state tuition rates for all parts of the program, dramatically reducing educational costs. Each state subsidizes tuition for their students. With only a limited number of spots available, admission is competitive.
Participating Schools
The following schools participate in the WWAMI program:
Montana State University in Bozeman
University of Alaska Anchorage, (formerly at University of Alaska Fairbanks, until 1989)
University of Idaho in Moscow
University of Washington in Seattle
University of Wyoming in Laramie
Gonzaga University in Spokane (formerly at Washington State University in Pullman until 2008, then at Washington State University in Spokane until 2016 when WSU established its own medical school)
Class sizes in each of the WWAMI states
Washington/Seattle: 100
Washington/Spokane: 60
Wyoming: 20
Alaska: 25
Montana: 30
Idaho: 40
See also
University of Washington School of Medicine
Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education
References
External links
Spokane WWAMI
Wyoming WWAMI
Alaska WWAMI
Montana WWAMI/
Idaho WWAMI
Higher education in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in Washington (state)
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Doc Elliot. Doc Elliot is an American medical drama series that aired on ABC from October 10, 1973 until May 1, 1974.
Premise
Dr Benjamin R. Elliot (James Franciscus) is a successful New York City doctor who decided to leave Bellevue Hospital, drop out of the big-city rat race, and take on a new job as a doctor in Gideon, in the backwoods of southern Colorado. Most of his house calls had to be made via plane or four-wheel drive vehicles as his practice covered over 600 square miles. Mags Brimble (Neva Patterson) is the widow of the former town’s doctor, who became Elliot’s helper. Barney Weeks (Noah Beery) owns the town’s general store. Eldred McCoy (Bo Hopkins) works as a bush pilot.
Cast
James Franciscus as Dr. Ben Elliot
Neva Patterson as Mags Brimble
Bo Hopkins as Eldred McCoy
Noah Beery as Barney Weeks
Episodes
References
External links
TV Guide
1973 American television series debuts
1974 American television series endings
1970s American medical drama television series
American English-language television shows
Television shows set in Colorado
Television series by Lorimar Television
American Broadcasting Company television dramas
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Dimethylsulfone reductase. Dimethylsulfone reductase () is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
dimethyl sulfoxide + H2O + NAD+ dimethyl sulfone + NADH + H+
Dimethylsulfone reductase is a molybdoprotein.
References
External links
EC 1.8.1
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Jordan A. Goodman. Jordan A. Goodman is an American physicist whose expertise is in particle astrophysics. He is the former Chair of Physics Department, at the University of Maryland. In 2009, Goodman was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2017 he was awarded the Yodh Prize.
Education
Undergraduate: B.S., Physics, University of Maryland - 1973
Graduate: M.S., Physics, University of Maryland - 1975
Ph.D., Physics, University of Maryland - 1978
Publications
Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino energy spectrum from 100 GeV to 400 TeV with IceCube, Phys. Rev. D 83, 012001 (2011)
Constraints on high-energy neutrino emission from SN 2008D. (R. Abbasi et al.) Astron. Astrophys. 527:A28, 2011. [arXiv:1101.3942]
Search for neutrino-induced cascades with five years of AMANDA data. (R. Abbasi, et al.) Astropart. Phys. 34:420-430, 2011.
Search for a Lorentz-violating sidereal signal with atmospheric neutrinos in IceCube. (R. Abbasi et al.) Phys. Rev. D 82:112003, 2010. [arXiv:1010.4096]
Search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope. By R. Abbasi, et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 69:361-378, 2010.
The first search for extremely-high energy cosmogenic neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. (R. Abbasi et al.) Phys. Rev. D 82:072003, 2010. [arXiv:1009.1442]
Measurement of the Anisotropy of Cosmic Ray Arrival Directions with IceCube. (R. Abbasi et al.) Astrophys. J. 718:L194, 2010. [arXiv:1005.2960]
The Energy Spectrum of Atmospheric Neutrinos between 2 and 200 TeV with the AMANDA-II Detector. (R. Abbasi et al.) Astropart. Phys. 34:48-58, 2010. [arXiv:1004.2357]
Limits on a muon flux from Kaluza-Klein dark matter annihilations in the Sun from the IceCube 22-string detector. (R. Abbasi et al.) Phys. Rev. D 81:057101, 2010. [arXiv:0910.4480]
Milagro Observations of TeV Emission from Galactic Sources in the Fermi Bright Source List (A. Abdo et al.) Astrophys. J. Letters Apr 2009 700:L127-L131,(2009)
Limits on a muon flux from neutralino annihilations in the Sun with the IceCube 22-string detector. (R. Abbasi et al.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 102:201302,(2009)
Determination of the Atmospheric Neutrino Flux and Searches for New Physics with AMANDA-II. (R. Abbasi et al.) Phys. Rev. D 79:102005,(2009)
Search for Point Sources of High Energy Neutrinos with Final Data from AMANDA-II. (R. Abbasi et al.). Phys. Rev. D 79:062001,(2009)
The Large Scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy as Observed with Milagro. (A.A. Abdo et al.) Astrophys. J. 698:2121-2130,(2009)
References
Living people
Physics educators
American astrophysicists
American particle physicists
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Recipients of the Yodh Prize
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Acetylmethionine sulfoxide reductase. Acetylmethionine sulfoxide reductase may refer to:
Methionine-S-oxide reductase
L-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase
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Overdetermination. Overdetermination occurs when a single-observed effect is determined by multiple causes, any one of which alone would be conceivably sufficient to account for ("determine") the effect. The term "overdetermination" () was used by Sigmund Freud as a key concept in his psychoanalysis, and later by Louis Althusser.
In the philosophy of science, the concept of overdetermination has been used to describe a situation in which there are more causes present than are necessary to cause an effect. Overdetermination here is in contrast to underdetermination, when the number or strength of causes is insufficient.
Freud and psychoanalysis
Freud wrote in The Interpretation of Dreams that many features of dreams were usually "overdetermined," in that they were caused by multiple factors in the life of the dreamer, from the "residue of the day" (superficial memories of recent life) to deeply repressed traumas and unconscious wishes, these being "potent thoughts". Freud favored interpretations which accounted for such features not only once, but many times, in the context of various levels and complexes of the dreamer's psyche.
The concept was later borrowed for a variety of other realms of thought.
Richards and literature
The New Critic I. A. Richards appealed to Freud's idea of overdetermination while explaining why what Richards called a 'context theorem of meaning' showed the importance of ambiguity in rhetoric, the philosophy of language, and literary criticism:
Althusser and structuralist Marxism
The Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser imported the concept into Marxist political theory in an influential essay, "Contradiction and overdetermination." Drawing from both Freud and Mao Zedong, Althusser used the idea of overdetermination as a way of thinking about the multiple, often opposed, forces active at once in any political situation, without falling into an overly simple idea of these forces being simply "contradictory." Translator Ben Brewster, in his glossary to Reading Capital defines Althusser's notion of overdetermination as describing
"the effects of the contradictions in each practice constituting the social formation on the social formation as a whole, and hence back on each practice and each contradiction, defining the pattern of dominance and subordination, antagonism and non-antagonism of the contradictions in the structure in dominance at any given historical moment. More precisely, the overdetermination of a contradiction is the reflection in it of its conditions of existence within the complex whole, that is, of the other contradictions in the complex whole, in other words its uneven development."
In analytic philosophy
In contemporary analytic philosophy an event or state of affairs is said to be overdetermined if it has two or more distinct, sufficient causes. In philosophy of mind, the famous case of overdetermination is called mental-physical causal overdetermination. If we accept that a mental state (M) is realized by a physical state (P). And M can cause another mental state (M*) or another physical state (P*). Then, nomologically speaking, P can cause M* or P* too. In this way, M* or P* is both determined by M and P. In other words, both M* and P* are overdetermined. Since either M or P is sufficient for M* or P*, the problem of mental-physical causal overdetermination is the causal redundancy.
Whereas there may unproblematically be recognised many different necessary conditions of the event's occurrence, no two distinct events may lay claim to be sufficient conditions, since this would lead to overdetermination. A much used example is that of firing squads, the members of which simultaneously firing at and 'killing' their targets. Apparently, no one member can be said to have caused the victims' deaths, since they would have been killed anyway. Another example is that Billy and Suzy each throw a rock through a window, and either rock alone could have shattered the window. In this case, similar to the example of firing squads, Billy and Suzy together shatter the window and the result is not overdetermined. Or, we can say, even if these two examples are a kind of overdetermination, this kind of overdetermination is benign.
There are many problems of overdetermination. First, overdetermination is problematic in particular from the viewpoint of a standard counterfactual understanding of causation, according to which an event is the cause of another event if and only if the latter would not have occurred, had the former not occurred. In order to employ this formula to actual complex situations, implicit or explicit conditions need to be accepted to be circumstantial, since the list of counterfactually acceptable causes would otherwise be impractically long (e.g. the Earth's continued existence could be said to be the (necessary) cause of one drinking one's coffee). Unless a circumstance-clause is included, the putative cause to which one wishes to draw attention could never be considered sufficient, and hence not comply with the counterfactual analysis. Second, overdetermination is problematic in that we do not know how to explain where the extra causation "comes from" and "goes". This makes overdetermination mysterious.
See also
Fallacy of the single cause
Multivariate statistics
Occam's razor
Open systems
Parametric determinism
References
Sources
External links
"Contradiction and Overdetermination"
Marxism
Concepts in the philosophy of science
Psychoanalytic terminology
Freudian psychology
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Gutmann–Beckett method. In chemistry, the Gutmann–Beckett method is an experimental procedure used by chemists to assess the Lewis acidity of molecular species. Triethylphosphine oxide (, TEPO) is used as a probe molecule and systems are evaluated by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. In 1975, used 31P-NMR spectroscopy to parameterize Lewis acidity of solvents by acceptor numbers (AN). In 1996, Michael A. Beckett recognised its more generally utility and adapted the procedure so that it could be easily applied to molecular species, when dissolved in weakly Lewis acidic solvents. The term Gutmann–Beckett method was first used in chemical literature in 2007.
Background
The 31P chemical shift (δ) of Et3PO is sensitive to chemical environment but can usually be found between +40 and +100 ppm. The O atom in Et3PO is a Lewis base, and its interaction with Lewis acid sites causes deshielding of the adjacent P atom. Gutmann, a chemist renowned for his work on non-aqueous solvents, described an acceptor-number scale for solvent Lewis acidity with two reference points relating to the 31P NMR chemical shift of Et3PO in the weakly Lewis acidic solvent hexane (δ = 41.0 ppm, AN 0) and in the strongly Lewis acidic solvent SbCl5 (δ = 86.1 ppm, AN 100). Acceptor numbers can be calculated from AN = 2.21 x (δsample – 41.0) and higher AN values indicate greater Lewis acidity. It is generally known that there is no one universal order of Lewis acid strengths (or Lewis base strengths) and that two parameters (or two properties) are needed (see HSAB theory and ECW model) to define acid and base strengths and that single parameter or property scales are limited to a smaller range of acids (or bases). The Gutmann-Beckett method is based on a single parameter NMR chemical shift scale but is in commonly used due to its experimental convenience.
Application to boranes
Boron trihalides are archetypal Lewis acids and have AN values between 89 (BF3) and 115 (BI3). The Gutmann–Beckett method has been applied to fluoroarylboranes such as B(C6F5)3 (AN 82), and borenium cations, and its application to these and various other boron compounds has been reviewed.
Application to other compounds
The Gutmann–Beckett method has been successfully applied to alkaline earth metal complexes, p-block main group compounds
(e.g. AlCl3, AN 87; silylium cations; [E(bipy)2]3+ (E = P, As, Sb, Bi) cations; cationic 4 coordinate Pv and Sbv derivatives) and transition-metal compounds (e.g. TiCl4, AN 70).
References
Acid–base chemistry
Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments
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Vadim Kuzmin (physicist). Vadim Alekseyevich Kuzmin (; 16 April 1937 – 17 September 2015) was a Russian theoretical physicist.
Biography
Kuzmin completed his undergraduate studies in 1961 at Moscow State University and his PhD in 1971 at Lebedev Institute. He has been a member of the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow since its founding in 1970. There, he became a professor and chair of the department of particle astrophysics and cosmology. In 1987, he obtained the Russian doctoral title.
In 1966, he and Georgiy Zatsepin predicted (what is now called) the GZK limit for cosmic rays.
In neutrino physics, he proposed an experiment using gallium/germanium detectors to detect low-energy solar neutrinos. In 1970, he proposed neutron/antineutron oscillations as a possibility for observing violation of baryon number.
Also in 1970, he independently discovered the Sakharov conditions.
In the 1980s, he was a pioneer in the theory of electroweak baryogenesis. In 1985, his influential work with Valery Rubakov and Mikhail Shaposhnikov estimated the rate of anomalous electroweak process that violated baryon number conservation in the cosmic plasma of the early universe.
In 1999 the Russian Academy of Sciences awarded Kuzmin and Rubakov the Friedmann Prize "for a series of works on the formation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe".
In 2000, he became a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2003, he received the Institute for Nuclear Research Markov Prize for his contributions to neutrino physics. In 2006, he received the Pomeranchuk Prize "for his pioneering work on baryon-number violating processes, baryogenesis, and on the fundamental properties of high-energy cosmic rays", together with Howard Georgi.
References
External links
Homepage at the INR, Russian
Kuzmin's 70th birthday
Biographical entry with photograph
Russian physicists
Soviet physicists
Moscow State University alumni
1937 births
2015 deaths
Cosmic ray physicists
Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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Methaneseleninic acid. Methaneseleninic acid (methylseleninic acid or MSA) is an organoselenium compound, a seleninic acid with the chemical formula . Its structure is .
Preparation
Methaneseleninic acid is conveniently synthesized through oxidation of commercially available dimethyl diselenide by 3% hydrogen peroxide.
Seleninic acids can be prepared by oxidation of selenoesters with one equivalent of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO). Use of excess DMDO affords little studied selenonic acids ().
Selenenic acids, formed during the syn-elimination of selenoxides, undergo spontaneous disproportionation into the corresponding seleninic acids and diselenides:
Structure, bonding, properties
Methaneseleninic acid, from decomposition of Se-methylselenocysteine Se-oxide but also available commercially, has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The configuration about the selenium atom is pyramidal, with Se-C = 1.925(8) Å, Se-O = 1.672(7) Å, Se-OH = 1.756(7) Å, the angle OSeO = 103.0(3)°, the angle HO-Se-C = 93.5(3)°, and the angle OSeC = 101.4(3)°. The structure is isomorphous to that of methanesulfinic acid Optical isomers of methaneseleninic acid can be isolated as chiral crystals by recrystallization from a mixture of methanol and toluene. The absolute configuration of one of the enantiomers was determined by X-ray crystallography. Optically active methaneseleninic acid was stable toward racemization in the solid state, although it racemized very rapidly in solution.
Anticancer activity
Methaneseleninic acid shows potential anticancer activity and is a model for studying the anticancer effects of selenium in vitro. Methaneseleninic acid shows superior in vivo inhibitory efficacy toward human prostate cancer compared to selenomethionine or selenite (ion). It has recently been reported that methaneseleninic acid enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, that methaneseleninic acid functions as an aromatase inhibitor, of possible use in therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, that methaneseleninic acid shows promise as a sensitizing agent for apoptosis induced by the Bcl-2-family inhibitor ABT-737 in several cancer lines, and that methaneseleninic acid restricts tumor growth in the nude mouse model of metastatic breast cancer and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.
Methaneselenol () can be produced in vivo by reduction of methaneseleninic acid and may in fact be the key metabolite responsible for selenium’s anticancer activity through generation of superoxide. The reduction of methaneseleninic acid by mammalian thioredoxin reductase has been studied.
References
Organoselenium compounds
Organic acids
Selenium(II) compounds
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American Academy of Health Physics. The American Academy of Health Physics (AAHP) is a non-profit organization based in McLean, VA which serves to advance the profession of health physics through networking opportunities for members, certification of health physicists, and advisement to professionals to increase the application of health physics. The Academy has selective criteria for membership in the organization.
Mission statement
The American Academy of Health Physics is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization which seeks to advance the goals of the Health Physics profession, advises the highest moral integrity in the practice of Health Physics, and improves the connections between health physicists, providing an avenue for Certified Health Physicists to obtain certification in the profession. The mission of the AAHP is accomplished with a specific Strategic Plan.
Membership
Those eligible for full membership for the American Academy of Health Physics are all individuals who have been granted certification in Comprehensive Health Physics by the American Board of Health Physics (ABHP). Those completing the first part of the two-part exam are eligible for associate membership. As of May 2012, the AAHP has 1,336 members.
Leadership
The President is. John R. Frazier, who has over 32 years of experience workinking as a health physicist for the U.S. FDA Bureau of Radiological Health (1977-1980), Oak Ridge Associated Universities (1980-1986), IT Corporation (1986-1993), and Auxier & Associates (1993-2004)
Awards and Recognitions
The Academy has several awards
William McAdams Outstanding Service Award
The William McAdams Outstanding Service Award, is named after one of the founders of the Certification process for health physicists, William A. McAdams, It is given to those certified Health Physicists who have made a significant contribution toward the advancement of professionalism in Health Physics and to the Certification process. The award may be given posthumously. It has been awarded to:
1989 – John W. Healy
1990 – H. Wade Patterson
1991 – Richard R. Bowers
1992 – Lester A. Slaback Jr.
1993 – Kenneth W. Skrable
1994 – Leroy F. Booth
1995 – William R. Casey
1996 – Frazier L. Bronson
1997 – Robert M. Ryan
1998 – Dale H. Denham
1999 – Bryce L. Rich
2000 – James E. Turner
2001 – George J. Vargo Jr.
2002 – Paul L. Ziemer
2003 – Herman Cember
2004 – Edward F. Maher
2005 – Dade W. Moeller
2006 – William C. Reinig
2007 – Kathryn H. Pryor
2008 – James S. Willison
2009 – Michael S. Terpilak
2010 – Nancy P. Kirner
2011 – Jerry W. Hiatt
2012 – Robert N. Cherry Jr.
Joyce P. Davis Memorial Award
The Joyce P. Davis Memorial Award is given in memory and honor of Joyce P. Davis to those distinguished for excellence in professional achievement, outstanding ethical behavior, and interpersonal skills. It has been awarded to:
John J. Kelly, 2002
James E. Tarpinian, 2004
Carol D. Berger, 2006
Howard W. Dickson, 2008
Frazier L. Bronson, 2010
Academy of Service Award
The Academy of Service Award is awarded for exceptional service to the AAHP during the immediate Past President’s term of office. Recipients have been:
Nancy Johnson, 2008
E. Scott Medling, 2009
Dan Strom, 2010
Kyle Kleinhans, 2011
Sandra J. Brereton, 2012
Certification as Health Physicist
Certified Health Physicist is a title regulated by the American Board of Health Physics. It designates a health physicist certified in the application of health physics through competency and holistic review by the American Board of Health Physics. There are a number of requirements to obtain such certification.
Other Relevant Organizations
American Board of Medical Physics (ABMP)
American Board of Radiology (ABR)
American Board of Science in Nuclear Medicine (ABSNM)
American College of Medical Physics (ACMP)
American College of Radiology (ACR)
The Canadian College of Physics in Medicine
National Registry of Radiation Protection Technologists (NRRPT)
American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM)
References
Medical and health organizations based in Virginia
Health physicists
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Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase. Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase may stand for
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (Re/Si-specific)
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (Si-specific)
|
Pyridine nucleotide transferase. Pyridine nucleotide transferase may stand for
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (Re/Si-specific)
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (Si-specific)
|
Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase. Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase may refer to:
NADH dehydrogenase
NADH:ubiquinone reductase (non-electrogenic)
|
List of medical schools in Taiwan.
Comprehensive Universities
Medical-based Universities
Medical
Taiwan
|
Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University. The Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University (INP BSU) is a research institute in Minsk, Belarus. Its main fields of research are nuclear physics, particle physics, materials science and nanotechnology.
Foundation
Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University was founded on September 1, 1986 by a decree of the USSR government.
First General Director, now Honorary Director: Vladimir G. Baryshevsky, Doctor of Sciences (Phys-Math), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Belarus, winner of the State Prize of the Republic of Belarus in the field of science and technology, was awarded the Skarina Order and the Honor Order, co-author of two registered discoveries of the USSR in nuclear physics (N 224 (1979) and N 360 (1981)).
Prof. Sergei A. Maksimenko was appointed the INP General Director since January 2013.
Major research areas
nuclear and elementary-particle physics, cosmo-particle physics and nuclear astrophysics;
extreme states of matter under ultrahigh temperatures and pressures, and magnetic cumulation of energy;
novel composite, nano- and microstructured materials;
radio- and nuclear technologies based on radioactive sources, accelerators, and nuclear reactors;
novel methods for ionizing radiation measurements.
Most important achievements
Parametric x-ray radiation (PXR), a new type of radiation generated by charged particle passing through crystals, was predicted theoretically and observed experimentally for the first time.
PXR, generated by high-energy protons in crystals, was detected on the particle accelerator at the Institute for High Energy Physics (Protvino, Russia), and the multiwave regime of PXR generation from electrons was observed on the SIRIUS accelerator (Tomsk, Russia).
A new type of radiation produced by relativistic charged particles (electrons, positrons) channeled through crystals was predicted. This phenomenon was observed in many physics research centers worldwide.
Oscillation of 3-γ decay annihilation plane of ortho-positronium in a magnetic field was predicted theoretically and observed experimentally (in collaboration with the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus).
The earlier unknown characteristic of a muonium atom – quadrupole moment in the ground state – was predicted and was observed in experiments.
The existence of spin oscillations and spin dichroism, and hence the appearance of tensor polarization of deuterons (and other high-energy particles) moving in unpolarized matter were hypothesized; spin dichroism phenomenon was observed in joint experiments performed in Germany and Russia (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research).
The phenomenon of spin rotation of high-energy particles in bent crystals was predicted. This phenomenon was experimentally observed in Fermilab.
Synchrotron-type electron-positron pair production in crystals was predicted and observed at CERN.
The phenomenon of dichroism and birefringence of high-energy γ-quanta in crystals was predicted.
The effect of radiative cooling of high-energy electrons in crystals was predicted and observed at CERN.
A new class of generators of electromagnetic radiation – the volume free electron laser – was developed.
The effect of multiple volume reflection of high-energy particles from different planes inside one bent crystal was predicted. This effect was observed in CERN.
The existence of time-reversal non-invariant phenomena of light polarization plane rotation and birefringence in matter placed in a magnetic field and CP-non-invariant (T-non-invariant) effects of appearance of the induced electric dipole moment in atoms and nuclei placed in a magnetic field was theoretically justified.
Explosive flux compression generators of high voltage and high current were developed - thus pioneering the frontier research in this field in Belarus.
New constraints imposed on the existence and the size of extra-dimensions of space were found based on the study of the absorption of relativistic plasma, which filled the Universe in the early stages of evolution, by primordial black holes.
A theory of scattering of electromagnetic radiation by an isolated finite-length carbon nanotube (CNT) was developed. This enabled both qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the absorption peak in the Terahertz range, which can be experimentally observed in CNT-containing composite materials.
The existence of a localized plasmon resonance in composite materials with single-walled carbon nanotubes was confirmed experimentally. This effect finds applications in the design of novel electromagnetic shielding materials and in medicine.
Lead tungstate scintillation material, PbWO4 (PWO), was developed, which is the most popular scintillation material in high energy physics through its application for electromagnetic calorimeters at LHC experiments, namely CMS and ALICE and by PANDA Collaboration (Germany) INP is a part of the CMS experimental team at the Large Hadron Collider, which along with the ATLAS team announced in 2012 the formal discovery of the Higgs boson in Physics Letters B(716/1).
Microwave power engineering: development of new applications of microwave radiation for industry, agriculture, and environmental protection.
Scientific schools
A renowned scientific school on nuclear optics of polarized media, founded by Prof. V.G. Baryshevsky, has been actively engaged in research into nuclear and elementary-particle physics.
Nanoelectromagnetism is a new research area exploring the effects caused by the interaction of electromagnetic (or other) radiation with nanosized objects and nanostructured systems. A scientific school on nanoelectromagnetism is currently being developed (headed by Prof.S.A. Maksimenko and Prof. G.Ya. Slepyan).
References
External links
Belarusian State University — Official website Belarusian State University
Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University — Official website
Research institutes in Belarus
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
1986 establishments in the Soviet Union
Research institutes established in 1986
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Weymouthia. Weymouthia is the scientific name of two genera of organism and may refer to:
Weymouthia (plant), a genus of mosses
Weymouthia (trilobite), a genus of trilobites
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1993 in philosophy. 1993 in philosophy
Events
Willard Van Orman Quine was awarded the Rolf Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy "for his systematical and penetrating discussions of how learning of language and communication are based on socially available evidence and of the consequences of this for theories on knowledge and linguistic meaning - in particular the works From a Logical Point of View (1953), Word and Object (1960), and Pursuit of Truth (1990, 1992)".
Publications
Hans-Georg Gadamer, The Enigma of Health: The Art of Healing in a Scientific Age, 1993
Norbert Wiener, Invention: The Care and Feeding of Ideas, 1993 (posthumously)
Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter, 1993
Jean-Luc Nancy, The Sense of the World, 1993 (originally published in French as Le sens du monde)
Vernor Vinge, The Coming Technological Singularity, 1993
Howard Rheingold, The Virtual Community, 1993
Deaths
February 5 - Hans Jonas (born 1903)
November 19 - Kenneth Burke (born 1897)
References
Philosophy
20th century in philosophy
Philosophy by year
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Geology of the Isle of Skye. The geology of the Isle of Skye in Scotland is highly varied and the island's landscape reflects changes in the underlying nature of the rocks. A wide range of rock types are exposed on the island, sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous, ranging in age from the Archaean through to the Quaternary.
Precambrian
The oldest rocks found on Skye are gneisses of the Lewisian complex that were formed about 2,800 million years ago during the Archaean. These gneisses outcrop on the southeastern coast of the Sleat peninsula and were originally granitic igneous rocks. Near Tarskavaig, Neoproterozoic metasediments of the Tarskavaig Group are found above strongly deformed Lewisian rocks. The Lewisian and Tarskavaig sequences are thrust over another sequence of unmetamorphosed Neoproterozoic sediments, the Torridonian, along the Moine Thrust Zone. The Torridonian on Skye comprises two conformable sequences, the older Sleat Group and the younger Torridon Group. Both groups consist dominantly of sandstones and were deposited mainly by alluvial fans and rivers.
Lower Palaeozoic
A sequence of Cambrian to Lower Ordovician sediments of the Eriboll and Durness Groups lie above the Torridonian with an angular unconformity. The Lower Cambrian Eriboll Group comprises a basal quartzite, locally with a basal conglomerate, followed by the distinctive Pipe Rock Member, a quartz arenite with white weathering skolithos trace fossils. The Pipe Rock is overlain by the Salterella Grit, a coarse sandstone, and the Fucoid Beds, a sequence of calcareous sandstone and siltstone. The overlying Durness Group comprises a series of dolomites of Upper Cambrian to Middle Ordovician in age. The lowest unit is the Ghrudaidh Formation, followed by the Eliean Dubh Formation, the Sailmhor Formation and the Sangomore Formation, all consisting of dolomites with chert. The two main exposures of Cambro-Ordovician sediments are the "Ord Window" (a gap in the Kishorn Thrust sheet through which the sequence beneath the thrust can be seen) on the northern coast of Sleat and the area between Broadford and Loch Slapin. These beds are affected by thrusting in both areas and by contact metamorphism from Palaeogene granite intrusions in the northern outcrop, locally forming marble, such as at Torrin.
Mesozoic
Sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic age underlie most parts of the island north of the Sleat Peninsula. They are hidden beneath Palaeogene volcanic rocks over most of this area, being exposed only on the eastern and northern coasts of the Trotternish peninsula, on the Strathaird peninsula and between the Red Hills and Sleat. Triassic rocks of the Stornoway Formation are found near Broadford, a sequence of sandstones and conglomerates deposited by rivers. These beds are overlain by the lower Jurassic Lias Group with the Broadford Beds at the base, passing up into the Pabay Shale Formation, the Scalpay Sandstone Formation, the Portree Shale Formation and the Raasay Ironstone Formation. The sequence continues with the Lower to Middle Jurassic Bearreraig Sandstone Formation followed by Middle Jurassic Great Estuarine Group, comprising the
Cullaidh Shale Formation, Elgol Sandstone Formation, Lealt Shale Formation, Valtos Sandstone Formation, Duntulm Formation, Kilmaluag Formation and the Skudiburgh Formation. The Upper Jurassic is represented by the Staffin Shale Formation. The only Cretaceous unit exposed on Skye is the Strathaird Limestone Formation, thought to be either Turonian or Campanian in age, which lies unconformably on the Jurassic and is overlain unconformably by Palaeocene lavas.
Paleogene
During the Paleocene to Early Eocene Skye formed one of the main volcanic centres of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Gently dipping lavas from the volcanoes cover most of northern Skye, giving a stepped trap type landscape. The dominant lava type is basalt, with subsidiary hawaiite and mugearite derived from silica-poor magma and minor amounts of trachyte from a silica-rich magma. Part of the magma chambers for the volcanoes are exposed at the surface as major intrusions of gabbro and granite. These coarse-grained igneous rocks are relatively resistant to erosion and now form the Cuillin hills. The Black Cuillin are formed of gabbro, which erodes to form the characteristically jagged outlines, although this is in large part due to the many minor intrusions, such as dykes and cone sheets that cut the gabbro. The Red Hills are formed of granite and have a more rounded topography. All pre-Quaternary rock types on the island are affected by a major swarm of dykes, which forms part of the North Britain Palaeogene Dyke Suite. Most of the dykes are basaltic in composition but a minority are trachytic. The dominant trend of the dykes is northwest–southeast although they are locally in part radial near the old volcanic centre. On the Trotternish peninsula, mafic magma was intruded along the bedding planes of the Jurassic sedimentary rocks beneath the lavas to form sills that are up to 90m thick. They commonly display columnar jointing, such as in the upper part of the Kilt Rock at Staffin.
Quaternary
During this period the island was affected by the Quaternary glaciation, with the development of an ice cap centred on the Cuillin and Red Hills. The main ice sheet that flowed westwards from the Scottish mainland was diverted around this upland area. The island is covered by large areas of glacial till, left behind when the ice melted.
Economic geology
Lower Jurassic rocks near Broadford have provided building stone for local use whilst aggregate for road construction is sourced in a Torridonian sandstone quarry near Sconser. Hornfelsed lava has been worked near Sligachan and dolerite quarried from a sill near Invertote for a similar purpose. Sand and gravel have been extracted from the raised beach deposits west of Kyleakin with local use made of gravels from the mouth of the river in Glen Brittle. The Skye Marble Company works the Cambro-Ordovician limestones at Torrin, metamorphosed through contact with the adjacent granite and gabbro intrusions. A former quarry at Strath was linked by tramroad to Broadford where the marble was exported, prior to the quarry's abandonment.
Graphite and coal are also present in small quantities, near Portree and at Loch Sligachan respectively, but neither has been economical to work. Exploratory drilling for oil has taken place within the strata of the Great Estuarine Group in the north. Peat has been worked extensively in the past for domestic fuel and indeed continues to be so in the north on a smaller scale even today. Diatomite was worked at Loch Cuithir prior to 1914, the works being connected by tramway to the coast at Invertote. Its end use was in dynamite manufacture and later as a filter and insulator.
References
Skye
Isle of Skye
Paleogene volcanism
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Diazanaphthalene. Diazanaphthalenes are a class of aromatic heterocyclic chemical compounds that have the formula C8H6N2. They consist of a naphthalene double ring in which two of the carbon atoms have been replaced with nitrogen atoms. There are ten positional isomers, which differ by the locations of the nitrogen atoms.
The group consist of two subgroups:
four benzodiazines with both N atoms in one ring: cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, and phthalazine
six naphthyridines with one N atom in each ring
Isomers
References
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Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane. Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane, also known as FDTS, is a colorless liquid chemical with molecular formula C10H4Cl3F17Si. FDTS molecules form self-assembled monolayers. They form covalent silicon–oxygen bonds to free hydroxyl (–OH) groups, such as the surfaces of glass, ceramics, or silica.
Due to its heavily fluorinated tail group, a FDTS monolayer reduces surface energy. Deposition of a FDTS monolayer is achieved by a relatively simple process, also known as molecular vapor deposition (MVD) It usually deposits from a vapor phase, at room to near-to-room temperatures (50 °C) and is thus compatible with most substrates. The process is usually carried out in a vacuum chamber and assisted by the presence of water vapor. Treated surfaces have water repellent and friction reducing properties.
For this reason, a FDTS monolayer is often applied to movable microparts of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). A FDTS monolayer reduces surface energy and prevents sticking, so they are used to coat micro- and nano-features on stamps for a nanoimprint lithography which is becoming a method of choice for making electronics, organic photodiodes, microfluidics and other.
Reduced surface energy is helpful for reduction of ejection force and demolding of polymer parts in an injection molding and FDTS coating was applied onto some metallic injection molding molds and inserts.
References
Srinivasan, U.; Houston, M.R.; Howe, R.T.; Maboudian, R.; , "Alkyltrichlorosilane-based self-assembled monolayer films for stiction reduction in silicon micromachines," Microelectromechanical Systems, Journal of , vol.7, no.2, pp. 252–260, Jun 1998. doi: 10.1109/84.679393
Ruben B. A. Sharpe, Dirk Burdinski, Jurriaan Huskens, Harold J. W. Zandvliet, David N. Reinhoudt, and Bene Poelsema, Chemically Patterned Flat Stamps for Microcontact Printing, Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005 127 (29), 10344-10349.
Ashurst, W. R., Carraro, C., and Maboudian, R., “Vapor Phase Anti-Stiction Coatings for MEMS,” IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 173–178, 2003. doi: 10.1109/TDMR.2003.821540
Organofluorides
Thin films
Organosilicon compounds
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Novel world method. The novel world method is a technique used in animal behaviour experiments that address questions on the evolution of warning signals (e.g. conspicuous colour patterns such as yellow and black stripes) that chemically defended prey (e.g. toxic insects) use to deter predators (i.e. aposematism), and also on warning signal mimicry.
In the novel world, great tits (Parus major) are presented with a foraging task: they search and eat artificial prey in an indoor aviary built in a laboratory. The prey items are pieces of almond in paper shells that typically bear a black-and-white symbol as a signal (designed by the researcher) instead of a colour pattern. The prey are also presented on a black-and-white background. Novel world studies are “theoretical experiments” where for example the defence efficacy (bad taste), relative and absolute abundance, visibility or the degree of signal similarity of different prey types is manipulated, and the number of bird attacks on each prey type is recorded. Typical experiments test hypotheses on how predators learn through trial and error to avoid unpalatable prey, which prey traits facilitate avoidance learning and how those could in turn affect mortality of the prey types and therefore the evolution of their warning signals (see e.g. ).
The novel world was first developed by professor Rauno Alatalo and professor Johanna Mappes to circumvent the methodological problem that predators such as adult birds may possess learned information about prey colours, and juvenile birds may also have genetically transmitted knowledge: bird species can, for instance, have innate tendencies to avoid certain colours. By bringing the predator into a novel environment where its knowledge about prey appearance had been nullified, the researchers aimed at a better understanding of the selection pressures that the first warning signals emerging in a prey population could have faced.
By 2012, twenty articles based on novel world experiments had been published in scientific journals.
Notes
External links
Novel world at the Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Research page
Novel world video clip at the University of Jyväskylä site
Biology experiments
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Journal of Inflammation Research. The Journal of Inflammation Research is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on inflammation. The journal was established in 2008 and is published by Dove Medical Press. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 6.922.
References
External links
English-language journals
Open access journals
Dove Medical Press academic journals
Academic journals established in 2008
Immunology journals
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Maria Zaharescu. Maria-Magdalena Zaharescu (born 1938) is a Romanian chemist, specializing in the physical chemistry of oxide systems.
Zaharescu was a Senior Researcher and Head of Department at the Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest. In 2001, she was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and became a full member in June 2015. On December 1, 2017, she was awarded a Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania.
She was one of the 100 women scientists featured in "Successful Women Ceramic and Glass Scientists and Engineers: 100 Inspirational Profiles" by Lynnette Madsen (2016).
Scientific Interests
Her scientific interests include:
Physical chemistry of oxide systems (reactions mechanisms, thermal phase equilibria, structure-properties correlations).
Sol-gel science (sol-gel chemistry, nanostructured oxide films and powders, inorganic-organic hybrids, nanocomposites, oxide nanotubes). She introduced and developed the field of sol-gel research in Romania.
Vitreous oxide systems with special properties (thermally and chemically stable)
Education
She graduated from the Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry, and received her PhD from the Institute of Chemistry, both in Cluj-Napoca.
Scientific Activity
More than 350 scientific papers from which over 250 published in internationally recognized ISI journals, including Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology; Journal of the European Ceramic Society; Journal of the American Ceramic Society; Journal of Materials Chemistry; Journal of Materials Science; Journal of Materials Research; Materials Chemistry and Physics; Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids; Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry; Applied Surface Science; Journal of Nanoparticle Research; Ceramics International; Thin Solid Films; Revue Roumaine de Chimie, etc. as well as 3 patents and 8 book chapters edited by the Romanian Academy and international publishers.
In 2016, Zaharescu published 1D Oxide Nanostructures Obtained by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods, as part of the SpringerBriefs series offered by the Springer Publishing Company.
International research projects in collaboration with Davis University, USA (funded by NST-USA), National Technical University of Athens, Greece (funded by NATO) and universities from Czech Republic, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia
Member of the International Society of Sol-Gel Science
Member of the American Ceramic Society – Basic Research Division
Member of the American Nano Society
Member of the editorial board of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology.
Awards
1971 - Gheorghe Spacu Award, Romanian Academy
1982 - Scientific Merit Medal, Romania
1983 - Scientific Order Third Degree, Romania
2007 - Honor Award and Gheorghe Spacu Medal, Romanian Society of Chemistry
2017 - Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania
Notes
1938 births
Living people
Scientists from Cluj-Napoca
Romanian chemists
Romanian women chemists
Titular members of the Romanian Academy
Knights of the Order of the Star of Romania
Babeș-Bolyai University alumni
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Face in the Sky. Face in the Sky is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy film starring Spencer Tracy and Stuart Erwin. The film was directed by Harry Lachman and released by Fox Film.
Plot
Two sign painters find themselves blackmailed by a beautiful woman determined to force one of them into marriage.
Cast
Spencer Tracy as Joe Buck
Marian Nixon as Madge
Stuart Erwin as Lucky
Sam Hardy as Triplet The Great
Sarah Padden as Ma Brown
Frank McGlynn Jr. as Jim Brown
Russell Simpson as Pa Nathan Brown
Billy Platt as Jupiter - Midget
Lila Lee as Sharon Hadley
Guy Usher as Albert Preston
External links
Face in the Sky, imdb.com; accessed July 24, 2015.
1933 films
Films directed by Harry Lachman
1933 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American black-and-white films
Fox Film films
1930s American films
Silent romantic comedy films
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Mean-field game theory. Mean-field game theory is the study of strategic decision making by small interacting agents in very large populations. It lies at the intersection of game theory with stochastic analysis and control theory. The use of the term "mean field" is inspired by mean-field theory in physics, which considers the behavior of systems of large numbers of particles where individual particles have negligible impacts upon the system. In other words, each agent acts according to his minimization or maximization problem taking into account other agents’ decisions and because their population is large we can assume the number of agents goes to infinity and a representative agent exists.
In traditional game theory, the subject of study is usually a game with two players and discrete time space, and extends the results to more complex situations by induction. However, for games in continuous time with continuous states (differential games or stochastic differential games) this strategy cannot be used because of the complexity that the dynamic interactions generate. On the other hand with MFGs we can handle large numbers of players through the mean representative agent and at the same time describe complex state dynamics.
This class of problems was considered in the economics literature by Boyan Jovanovic and Robert W. Rosenthal, in the engineering literature by Minyi Huang, Roland Malhame, and Peter E. Caines and independently and around the same time by mathematicians and Pierre-Louis Lions.
In continuous time a mean-field game is typically composed of a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation that describes the optimal control problem of an individual and a Fokker–Planck equation that describes the dynamics of the aggregate distribution of agents. Under fairly general assumptions it can be proved that a class of mean-field games is the limit as of an N-player Nash equilibrium.
A related concept to that of mean-field games is "mean-field-type control". In this case, a social planner controls the distribution of states and chooses a control strategy. The solution to a mean-field-type control problem can typically be expressed as a dual adjoint Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation coupled with Kolmogorov equation. Mean-field-type game theory is the multi-agent generalization of the single-agent mean-field-type control.
General Form of a Mean-field Game
The following system of equations can be used to model a typical Mean-field game:
The basic dynamics of this set of Equations can be explained by an average agent's optimal control problem. In a mean-field game, an average agent can control their movement to influence the population's overall location by:
where is a parameter and is a standard Brownian motion. By controlling their movement, the agent aims to minimize their overall expected cost throughout the time period :
where is the running cost at time and is the terminal cost at time . By this definition, at time and position , the value function can be determined as:
Given the definition of the value function , it can be tracked by the Hamilton-Jacobi equation (1). The optimal action of the average players can be determined as . As all agents are relatively small and cannot single-handedly change the dynamics of the population, they will individually adapt the optimal control and the population would move in that way. This is similar to a Nash Equilibrium, in which all agents act in response to a specific set of others' strategies. The optimal control solution then leads to the Kolmogorov-Fokker-Planck equation (2).
Finite State Games
A prominent category of mean field is games with a finite number of states and a finite number of actions per player. For those games, the analog of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation is the Bellman equation, and the discrete version of the Fokker-Planck equation is the Kolmogorov equation. Specifically, for discrete-time models, the players' strategy is the Kolmogorov equation's probability matrix. In continuous time models, players have the ability to control the transition rate matrix.
A discrete mean field game can be defined by a tuple , where is the state space, the action set, the transition rate matrices, the initial state, the cost functions and a discount factor. Furthermore, a mixed strategy is a measurable function , that associates to each state and each time a probability measure on the set of possible actions. Thus is the probability that, at time a player in state takes action , under strategy . Additionally, rate matrices define the evolution over the time of population distribution, where is the population distribution at time .
Linear-quadratic Gaussian game problem
From Caines (2009), a relatively simple model of large-scale games is the linear-quadratic Gaussian model. The individual agent's dynamics are modeled as a stochastic differential equation
where is the state of the -th agent, is the control of the -th agent, and are independent Wiener processes for all . The individual agent's cost is
The coupling between agents occurs in the cost function.
General and Applied Use
The paradigm of Mean Field Games has become a major connection between distributed decision-making and stochastic modeling. Starting out in the stochastic control literature, it is gaining rapid adoption across a range of applications, including:
a. Financial market
Carmona reviews applications in financial engineering and economics that can be cast and tackled within the framework of the MFG paradigm. Carmona argues that models in macroeconomics, contract theory, finance, …, greatly benefit from the switch to continuous time from the more traditional discrete-time models. He considers only continuous time models in his review chapter, including systemic risk, price impact, optimal execution, models for bank runs, high-frequency trading, and cryptocurrencies.
b. Crowd motions
MFG assumes that individuals are smart players which try to optimize their strategy and path with respect to certain costs (equilibrium with rational expectations approach). MFG models are useful to describe the anticipation phenomenon: the forward part describes the crowd evolution while the backward gives the process of how the anticipations are built. Additionally, compared to multi-agent microscopic model computations, MFG only requires lower computational costs for the macroscopic simulations. Some researchers have turned to MFG in order to model the interaction between populations and study the decision-making process of intelligent agents, including aversion and congestion behavior between two groups of pedestrians, departure time choice of morning commuters, and decision-making processes for autonomous vehicle.
c. Control and mitigation of Epidemics
Since the epidemic has affected society and individuals significantly, MFG and mean-field controls (MFCs) provide a perspective to study and understand the underlying population dynamics, especially in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic response. MFG has been used to extend the SIR-type dynamics with spatial effects or allowing for individuals to choose their behaviors and control their contributions to the spread of the disease. MFC is applied to design the optimal strategy to control the virus spreading within a spatial domain, control individuals’ decisions to limit their social interactions, and support the government’s nonpharmaceutical interventions.
See also
Aggregative game
Complex adaptive system
Differential game
Evolutionary game theory
Quantal response equilibrium
Potential game
References
External links
(), 2009 IEEE Control Systems Society Bode Prize Lecture by Peter E. Caines
Notes on Mean Field Games, from Pierre-Louis Lions' lectures at Collège de France
Video lectures by Pierre-Louis Lions
Mean field games and applications by Olivier Guéant, Jean-Michel Lasry, and Pierre-Louis Lions
Game theory
Mathematical economics
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1928 in philosophy. 1928 in philosophy
Events
Publications
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, The Will of the Universe: The Unknown Intelligence (1928)
Rudolf Carnap, The Logical Structure of the World (1928) and Pseudoproblems in Philosophy (1928)
Helmuth Plessner, Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch (in German, not yet translated into English, 1928)
Philosophical literature
Stefan George, The New Empire (originally published in German as Das Neue Reich, 1928)
Births
February 26 – Odo Marquard (died 2015)
March 19 – Hans Küng (died 2021)
May 4 – Elemér Hankiss, Hungarian sociologist and philosopher (died 2015)
June 8 – Gustavo Gutiérrez, Peruvian philosopher, Catholic theologian and Dominican priest, a founders of liberation theology (died 2024)
July 15 – Nicholas Rescher
September 6 – Robert M. Pirsig (died 2017)
September 14 – Humberto Maturana (died 2021)
October 2 – Wolfhart Pannenberg (died 2014)
October 4 – Alvin Toffler (died 2016)
December 7 – Noam Chomsky
December 13 – Solomon Feferman (died 2016)
December 16 – Philip K. Dick (died 1982)
Deaths
May 19 - Max Scheler (born 1874)
References
Philosophy
20th century in philosophy
Philosophy by year
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Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) is an analytical technique for characterizing materials. It differs from conventional X-ray diffraction by using polychromatic photons as the source and is usually operated at a fixed angle. With no need for a goniometer, EDXRD is able to collect full diffraction patterns very quickly. EDXRD is almost exclusively used with synchrotron radiation which allows for measurement within real engineering materials.
History
EDXRD was originally proposed independently by Buras et al. and Giessen and Gordon in 1968.
Advantages
The advantages of EDXRD are (1) it uses a fixed scattering angle, (2) it works directly in reciprocal space, (3) fast collection time, and (4) parallel data collection. The fixed scattering angle geometry makes EDXRD especially suitable for in situ studies in special environments (e.g. under very low or high temperatures and pressures). When the EDXRD method is used, only one entrance and one exit window are needed. The fixed scattering angle also allows for measurement of the diffraction vector directly. This allows for high-accuracy measurement of lattice parameters. It allows for rapid structure analysis and the ability to study materials that are unstable and only exist for short periods of time. Because the whole spectrum of diffracted radiation is obtained simultaneously, it enables parallel data collection studies where structural changes can be determined over time.
Facilities
References
Diffraction
Synchrotron-related techniques
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1958 in philosophy. 1958 in philosophy
Events
Publications
Peter Winch, The Idea of a Social Science and Its Relation to Philosophy (1958)
Gaston Bachelard, The Poetics of Space (1958)
Michael Polanyi, Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (1958)
Clifton Fadiman (editor), Fantasia Mathematica (1958)
Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (1958)
Isaiah Berlin, Two Concepts of Liberty (1958)
Raymond Williams, Culture and Society (1958)
Philosophical literature
Willem Frederik Hermans, The Darkroom of Damocles (1958)
Births
March 12 - Thomas Metzinger
Deaths
February 22 - Ralph Waldo Trine (born 1866)
May 2 - Alfred Weber (born 1868)
October 24 - G. E. Moore (born 1873)
December 15 - Wolfgang Pauli (born 1900)
References
Philosophy
20th century in philosophy
Philosophy by year
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1959 in philosophy. 1959 in philosophy
Events
Colin Murray Turbayne demonstrates in his publication "Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind" that George Berkeley intended to transcend ontological idealism in order to embrass a more skeptical view of the presence of a universal substantial mind.
Publications
Ernest Gellner, Words and Things (1959)
C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures (1959)
Norman O. Brown, Life Against Death (1959)
P. F. Strawson, Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics (1959)
Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959)
Births
January 1 - Michel Onfray
May 20 - Konrad Ott
Deaths
References
Philosophy
20th century in philosophy
Philosophy by year
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Methionine sulfoxide reductase. Methionine sulfoxide reductase may refer to:
Methionine-S-oxide reductase
L-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase
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List of PET radiotracers. This is a list of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. These are chemical compounds in which one or more atoms have been replaced by a short-lived, positron emitting radioisotope.
Cardiology
water
ammonia
Rubidium-82 chloride
Acetate (Also used in oncology)
Neurology
[11C] 25B-NBOMe (Cimbi-36)
[18F] Altanserin
[11C] Carfentanil
[11C] DASB
[11C] DTBZ or [18F]Fluoropropyl-DTBZ
[11C] [11C] ME@HAPTHI
[18F] Fallypride
[18F] Florbetaben
[18F] Flubatine
[18F] Fluspidine
[18F] Florbetapir
[18F] or [11C] Flumazenil
[18F] Flutemetamol
[18F] Fluorodopa
[18F] Desmethoxyfallypride
[18F] Mefway
[18F] MPPF
[18F] Nifene
[11C] Pittsburgh compound B
[11C] Raclopride
[18F] Setoperone
[18F] or [11C] N-Methylspiperone
[11C] Verapamil
NIMH maintains a list of CNS radiotracers that may be useful for additional information.
Neuroepigenetics
[11C] Martinostat
Oncology
[18F] Fludeoxyglucose (18F) (FDG)-glucose analogue
[11C] Acetate
[11C] Methionine
[11C] choline
[18F] EF5
[18F] Fluciclovine
[18F] Fluorocholine
[18F] FET
[18F] FMISO
[18F] Fluorothymidine F-18
[64Cu] Cu-ETS2
[64Cu] Copper-64 DOTA-TATE
[68Ga] DOTA-pseudopeptides
[68Ga] DOTA-TATE
[68Ga] PSMA
[68Ga] CXCR4; solid and hematologic cancers
Infectious diseases
[18F] Fluorodeoxysorbitol (FDS)
Further reading
CNS Radiotracers that have been advanced for use in Human Studies
References
Neuroimaging
PET radiotracers
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Ballerus ballerus. Ballerus ballerus, also known as the zope or the blue bream, is a species of cyprinid fish native to Eurasia.
Description
Ballerus ballerus is one of the more streamlined breams, with a more laterally compressed body (especially towards the tail) and an upturned mouth. The eye is small It has small scales and the lateral line consists of 67–75 scales. It is a pale silvery colour with either pale yellowish or colourless fins. They are normally in length but occasionally can be up to . The maximum published weight is , although the largest rod caught fish, caught in Slovakia, weighed and measured in length. The males develop nuptial tubercles above the anal fin during the spring spawning season.
Distribution
Ballerus ballerus is found in the large lowland rivers draining to the Baltic Sea, although it is not found in northern Sweden and Finland north of 62°N; the Weser and Elbe draining into the North Sea; the Black Sea; the Don draining into the Sea of Azov; and the Volga and Ural which drain into the Caspian Sea, although it is rare in the Ural River. Its range spans from the Netherlands in the west to Russia and Georgia in the east.
Habitat and ecology
Ballerus ballerus is occurs in large lowland rivers and eutrophic lakes where it feeds on plankton which it catches close to the surface. It spawns in Spring, once the ice has thawed, in shallow reedy bays onto the vegetation and the young fish stay in these areas although the adults move into open water to feed. Spawning has been recorded on gravel in areas of moderate current. This species lives for over 10 years and it breeds for the first time at 3–4 years when they have attained a standard length of . Spawning is initiated when the water temperature reaches and usually lasts for only 1–2 weeks. The females spawn once a year while the males often defend spawning territories along the shoreline. It is known in some areas to migrate long distances to find suitable areas to spawn in. In some regions it will venture into the fresher parts of seas to find food.
Zope software
The Python-based application server Zope is not named after this species; it is an acronym for "Z Object Published Environment". However, Zope3 was renamed "Bluebream", an alternative vernacular name for Ballerus ballerus.
References
Ballerus
Cyprinid fish of Europe
Fish described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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Macrotermes bellicosus. Macrotermes bellicosus is a species of Macrotermes. The queens are the largest amongst known termites, measuring about long when physogastric. The workers average in length and soldiers are slightly larger. means "combative" in Latin. The species is a member of a genus indigenous to Africa and South-East Asia.
Behavior
Caste polyethism
There are two worker castes in M. bellicosus, the major worker and the minor worker. In both cases, the workers begin their lives by taking care of the queen, and later on leave the nest to begin foraging. The point at which the worker leaves the nest to begin gathering food differs slightly between the two castes. Major workers will leave at any point between 13 and 25 days after moulting, and the minor worker exits between 9 and 32 days.
Activities of M. bellicosus that go on outside the nest, which mainly consist of exploration and food gathering, show a division of labor between the two worker castes. The exploration phase, where underground passages are built radiating outward from the nest, is mainly attributed to the minor workers, and major worker activity is low during this period. Once food is discovered, however, there is a shift in this division of labor and the major workers will then be the main caste that is charged with gathering the food. Recruitment of new minor workers during this period is low, and those minor workers that have already been recruited will continue to construct passages near the food. This division of labor normally favors a major to minor worker ratio where minor workers are in much higher numbers until food is discovered, at which point the ratio will continually lean towards increasing numbers of major workers.
Two different feeding groups were established in M. bellicosus based on examining the gut contents of workers in foraging sites, the fungus comb and queen cell. These two groups differed in abdomen coloration, with the majority of workers having a dark brown abdomen that was correlated with feeding on the fungus comb, and a smaller amount having a reddish-brown abdomen caused by feeding on plant litter. There is a division of food intake between the major and minor workers, based on the fact that most of the termites with reddish-brown abdomens, caused by consuming plant litter, were major workers. Because the fungus comb is built with the feces of consumed plant litter, major workers are dominant in fungus comb construction and are also the dominant worker caste for food processing.
Caste-specific pheromones
The division of labor between minor and major workers also causes there to be a difference in the pheromone trails that each type of caste will leave. Trails that are left by minor workers, which can contain information about the presence of food based on the existence of certain pheromones, will attract both types of castes. The food information in these trails is only detected by major workers, who will orient themselves toward the food, while minor workers will follow all trails regardless of food information. Through this system, major workers will usually be traveling towards food, while minor workers will be exploring new territory. These minor worker trails have been shown to be generally more attractive than trails left by a mixed population of major and minor workers, indicating that the major workers may leave a trail that is antagonistic to the minor worker trail. This could be a mechanism for dividing major worker labor between various food sources by causing trails that are already being followed by major workers to be less attractive.
Intraspecific colony recognition
M. bellicosus individuals showed different types of intraspecific colony recognition behavior depending on caste. Minor soldiers would typically act aggressive, while major workers showed no aggression but instead would exhibit varying degrees of examination behavior. The variation of this behavior could not be correlated to mound size, age or spatial difference between colonies, indicating that there was no type of dear enemy effect. These behaviors were consistent with their colonies over long periods of time.
Environmental influence on behavior
Mound construction
M. bellicosus will construct mounds differently based on the surrounding habitat, as seen in observations made in Comoé National Park. In the forest, the mounds are constructed with thick walls and are dome shaped, whereas the mounds that are constructed in the savanna have thin walls and deviate from the simple dome construction to more complicated structures. Heating experiments demonstrated that this difference in structure is due to different thermal properties of each mound as a response to the unique habitats. Mounds in the cooler forest habitat will retain their temperature for longer periods of time while mounds in the warmer savanna will shed heat faster. M. bellicosus individuals will burrow themselves in the subsoil and collect clay in their mouths. The clay is moistened by their saliva. Mound building is usually most labor-intensive in the wet months.
Predation risk
Pressures from predation play a role in the foraging behavior of M. bellicosus, which will vary between the two types of environments. This was measured by observing when the termites will stop foraging in an area while varying the pressure from predators. In the savanna, there was gradual increase in the amount of unused food remaining in response to increasing predation, while in contrast food was immediately abandoned in response to any predation in the forest. Also, in the absence of predation, less food was left not utilized in the savanna, indicating that a higher value is placed on food in this particular habitat. These observations are in accordance with the higher availability of food in the forest in comparison to the savanna.
Lifetime reproductive success
Examining the reproductive outputs of the two types of M. bellicosus habitats showed that the colonies in the savanna reproduced more frequently than the forest colonies, and also produce higher numbers of offspring. Likewise, the growth rates of the colony mounds, which can be correlated with the overall growth rates of the colonies, are also higher in the savanna mounds. Despite the higher availability of food in the forest habitat, and lower probability of survival in the savanna, the lifetime reproductive success of the colonies in the savanna were estimated to be much higher than those in the forest.
Interspecific competition
Foraging activities of M. bellicosus and other detritivorous termites are at a peak during the rainy season. It was observed that in the savanna, where even during the rainy season the availability of food is limited, the other termites exhibit complementary foraging in response to M. bellicosus, where they were more active in the absence of this dominant detritivore. This behavior indicates that there may be interspecific competition occurring between termites for available resources.
See also
List of largest insects
References
Termites
Insects of Africa
Insects described in 1781
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EPS Europhysics Prize. The EPS CMD Europhysics Prize is awarded since 1975 by the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society, in recognition of recent work (completed in the 5 years preceding the attribution of the award) by one or more individuals, for scientific excellence in the area of condensed matter physics. It is one of Europe's most prestigious prizes in the field of condensed matter physics. Several laureates of the EPS CMD Europhysics Prize also received a Nobel Prize in Physics or Chemistry.
Laureates
Source: European Physical Society
2024: Andrea Cavalleri for his pioneering studies of photo-induced emergent phases of quantum materials: from enhanced superconductivity to the control of materials topology.
2023: Claudia Felser and Andrei Bernevig for seminal contributions to the classification, prediction, and discovery of novel topological quantum materials.
2022: Agnès Barthélémy, Manuel Bibes, Ramamoorthy Ramesh and Nicola Spaldin for seminal contributions to the physics and applications of multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials.
2020: Jörg Wrachtrup - Pioneering studies on quantum coherence in solid-state systems and their applications for sensing, and, in particular, for major breakthroughs in the study of the optical and spin properties of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond.
2018: Lucio Braicovich and Giacomo Claudio Ghiringhelli - The development and scientific exploration of high-resolution Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS).
2016: , Alexei N. Bogdanov, Christian Pfleiderer, , Ashvin Vishwanath - Theoretical prediction, experimental discovery and theoretical analysis of a magnetic skyrmion phase in MnSi, a new state of matter.
2014: Harold Y. Hwang, Jochen Mannhart and - for the discovery and investigation of electron liquids at oxide interfaces
2012: Steven T. Bramwell, Claudio Castelnovo, Santiago Grigera, Roderich Moessner, Shivaji Sondhi and Alan Tennant - Prediction and experimental observation of magnetic monopoles in spin ice
2010: Hartmut Buhmann, Charles Kane, Eugene J. Mele, Laurens W. Molenkamp and Shoucheng Zhang - Theoretical prediction and the experimental observation of the quantum spin Hall effect and topological insulators
2008: Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov - Discovering and isolating a single free-standing atomic layer of carbon (graphene) and elucidating its remarkable electronic properties
2006: Antoine Georges, Gabriel Kotliar, , Dieter Vollhardt - Development and application of the dynamical mean field theory
2005: David Awschalom, Tomasz Dietl, Hideo Ohno - For their work on ferromagnetic semiconductors and spintronics
2004: Michel Devoret, Daniel Estève, Johan Mooij, Yasunobu Nakamura - Realisation and demonstration of the quantum bit concept based on superconducting circuits
2003: Heino Finkelmann, Mark Warner - Discovery of a new class of materials called liquid crystal elastomers
2002: , Jonathan Friedman, Dante Gatteschi, Roberta Sessoli, - Development of the field of quantum dynamics of nanomagnets, including the discovery of quantum tunnelling and interference in dynamics of magnetization
2001: Sumio Iijima, Cees Dekker, Thomas W. Ebbesen, Paul L. McEuen - Discovery of multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes and pioneering studies of their fundamental mechanical and electronic properties
2000: Paolo Carra, Gerrit van der Laan, Gisela Schütz - Pioneering work in establishing the field of magnetic x-ray dichroism
1999: , Michael Reznikov - For developing novel techniques for noise measurements in solids leading to experimental observation of carriers with a fractional charge
1998: Thomas Maurice Rice - Original contributions to the theory of strongly correlated electron systems
1997: Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg, Stuart Parkin - Discovery and contribution to the understanding of the giant magneto-resistance effect in transition-metal multilayers and demonstrations of its potential for technological applications
1996: Richard Friend - Pioneering work on semiconducting organic polymer materials and demonstration of an organic light emitting diode
1995: Yakir Aharonov, Michael V. Berry - Introduction of fundamental concepts in physics that have profound impact on condensed matter science
1994: Donald R. Huffman, Wolfgang Krätschmer, Harry Kroto, Richard Smalley - New molecular forms of carbon and their production in the solid state
1993: Boris L. Altshuler, Arkadii G. Aronov, David E. Khmelnitskii, Anatoly I. Larkin, Boris Spivak - Theoretical work on coherent phenomena in disordered conductors
1992: Gerhard Ertl, Harald Ibach, J. Peter Toennies - Pioneering studies of surface structures, dynamics and reactions through the development of novel experimental methods
1991: Klaus Bechgaard, Denis Jérome - Synthesis of a new class of organic metals and the discovery of their superconductivity and novel magnetic properties
1990: Roberto Car, Michele Parrinello - A novel and powerful method for the ab-initio calculation of molecular dynamics
1989: Frank Steglich, Hans-Rudolf Ott, Gilbert G. Lonzarich - Pioneering investigations of heavy-fermion metals
1988: J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Müller - Discovery of high-temperature superconductivity
1987: Igor K. Yanson - Point-contact spectroscopy in metals
1986: Ferenc Mezei - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy
1985: , Michael Pepper - The experimental study of low dimensional physics
1984: Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer - Scanning tunnelling microscope
1983: Isaac F. Silvera - Atomic and solid hydrogen
1982: Klaus von Klitzing - Experimental demonstration of the quantized Hall resistance
1981: No award
1980: O. Krogh Andersen, Andries Rinse Miedema - Original methods for the calculation of the electronic properties of materials
1979: Eric A. Ash, Jeffrey H. Collins, Yuri V. Gulaev, K.A. Ingebrigtsen, E.G.S. Paige - The physical principles of surface acoustic wave devices
1978: Zhores Alferov - Heterojunctions
1977: Walter Eric Spear - Amorphous silicon devices
1976: Wolfgang Helfrich - Contributions to the physics of liquid crystals
1975: Victor S. Bagaev, Leonid V. Keldysh, Jaroslav E. Pokrovsky, Michel Voos - The condensation of excitons
See also
List of physics awards
References
Awards of the European Physical Society
Condensed matter physics awards
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Dihydroxyamphetamine. Dihydroxyamphetamine may refer to:
meta-Hydroxynorephedrine (3,β-dihydroxyamphetamine)
para-Hydroxynorephedrine (4,β-dihydroxyamphetamine)
Metaraminol ((1R,2S)-3,β-dihydroxyamphetamine)
α-Methyldopamine (3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine)
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Carmine Zoccali. Carmine Zoccali (born January 1947) is an Italian nephrologist and a clinical investigator. He has contributed to research in several fields, most notably hypertension and cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD), CKD progression and clinical epidemiology of kidney diseases at large. He is known for his studies on cardiovascular risk in CKD and dialysis patients. He was among the earliest investigators that focused on the relevance of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation for the high risk of cardiovascular disease in these populations. In this research area, he was the first to link endogenous inhibitors of the nitric oxide system with death and cardiovascular disease. and the first to document a relationship between sympathetic over-activity and these outcomes Dr Zoccali is a practicing specialist in Nephrology, with a national qualification for the full professorship in Nephrology. He is also a specialist in hypertension, certified by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH).
Education
He received his education in medicine from the Sapienza University of Rome where he graduated in 1971. He then specialized in Nephrology at the University of Pisa. His nephrology mentor was Professor Quirino Maggiore, the investigator that in the sixties proposed a special low-protein diet (the Giovannetti-Maggiore diet) for the control of uremic symptoms and invented cold-dialysis in the early eighties. Dr Zoccali was trained in clinical research in hypertension at the Medical Research Council (MRC) BP Unit in Glasgow (1981-1982) and in Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Erasmus University Rotterdam where he attended several Erasmus Summer School courses in 1989–1993.
Career
He was a Clinical Research Fellow at the Glasgow BP Unit (1981-1982) where he worked with Dr Jehoiada Brown, Antony Lever, Jan Robertson, Stephen Ball and Peter Simple on several projects on hypertension. Back in Italy, he worked in the main hospital of Reggio Calabria as Renal Unit vice-director with his mentor Professor Quirino Maggiore. In 1991 he became Director of the Division of Nephrology at Ospedali Riuniti di Reggio Calabria (Italy) which he directed till April 2014 and, from 1994 to 2002, Director of the National Research council (Italy) - Center of Clinical Physiology associated with the same division. Presently Dr. Zoccali is associated investigator and Research Board member with the Renal Research Institute (New York) and a board member of the Monitoring Dialysis Outcomes (MONDO) initiative and has several international collaborations.
Dr Zoccali has authored more than 800 publications listed in PubMed which have been cited >47,000 times. On June 25, 2021, his h-index is 109 ( 72 from 2011) At the same date, he is ranked as the top European expert in CKD (the 4th on a world scale) and Chronic Kidney Failure (the 5th on a world scale) by Expertscape, a ranking system of expert physicians. He is above the 97,5th percentile among investigators evaluated by ResearchGate In an analysis by Ioannidis et al. across twenty-seven scientific fields, from physics and astronomy to clinical medicine, between January 1, 1996, until December 31, 2017 he was among the 4000 most productive scientists during this period. In Italy, he is ranked as the 26th clinical scientist by Via Academy an independent ranking system of academicians in Italy.
Dr Zoccali was chairman of the European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry (2003-2009) and served the same society as president for the triennium 2017-2020 He is Editor Emeritus of Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation,. Past-member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the ERA-EDTA and the ERA-EDTA European Best Practice Committee. He was the founding Editor of NDT- Educational, the on-line educational resource of the same society. He was also President of the Italian Society of Nephrology from 2006 to 2008.
Dr Zoccali Dr Zoccali is Editor Emeritus of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. He is presently an active editorial board member of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, (CJASN) Hypertension, Journal of Hypertension, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, American Journal of Nephrology, Clinical Kidney Journal, the European Journal of Clinical Investigation (section Editor for Kidney Diseases), Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Journal of Clinical Medicine, Blood Purification, International Journal of Nephrology and Urology, Clinical Nephrology, Turkish Journal of Nephrology and the Portuguese Journal of Nephrology and Hypertension. He served as editorial board member also other nephrology journals including Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN), Kidney International, Journal of Nephrology (as Deputy Editor in chief) and Nephron.
Awards
Dr Zoccali has been the recipient of the 2003 National Kidney Foundation International Award the 2009 International Dorso Award, the 2018 Richard Yu award of the Hong Kong Society of Nephrology and the 2019 Gabriele Monasterio award of the Italian Society of Nephrology. He is a distinguished fellow of ERA-EDTA the American Society of Nephrology and the National Kidney Foundation, and an honorary member of the Spanish and Polish societies of Nephrology. In 2018 he was named Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Oviedo, and in 2019 had the same recognition from the University of Patras (2019).
References
Italian nephrologists
Living people
1947 births
Reggio Calabria
National Research Council (Italy) people
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Alisa Bokulich. Alisa Bokulich is an American philosopher of science and Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. Since 2010 she has been the Director of the Center for Philosophy and History of Science at Boston University, where she organizes the Boston Colloquium for Philosophy of Science, and serves as a Series Editor for Boston Studies in Philosophy and History of Science. She was the first woman ever to be tenured in the Philosophy Department at Boston University and the first woman to become a director of a center for history and philosophy of science in North America.
Education
Bokulich attended high school at Forest Ridge School in Bellevue, Washington, got her Bachelor's in Philosophy, with a minor in Physics, from Washington State University, and received her Ph.D. from the Program in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Notre Dame, under the direction of the physicist James T. Cushing. Her academic genealogy, traced through Ph.D. dissertation advisors, is Cushing—Max Dresden—George Uhlenbeck--Paul Ehrenfest--Ludwig Boltzmann.
Research
Her research focuses on the history and philosophy of the physical sciences, especially classical and quantum mechanics, and more recently philosophy of the Earth sciences. She has published widely on topics such as models, explanation, natural kinds, thought experiments, fictions in science, supertasks, and the history of quantum theory. She is the author of the book Reexamining the Quantum-Classical Relation: Beyond Reductionism and Pluralism (Cambridge University Press 2008), which has been well received by physicists and philosophers alike, and co-editor of four other books.
References
External links
Alisa Bokulich's Boston University website
Living people
Boston University faculty
Philosophers from Massachusetts
American philosophers of science
Washington State University alumni
University of Notre Dame alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
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Sebastiano Turbiglio. Sebastiano Turbiglio (1842-1901) was an Italian philosopher, professor of philosophy at the University of Rome.
Works
Benedetto Spinoza e le trasformazioni del suo pensiero, 1874
Le antitesi tra il medioevo e l'eta` moderna nella storia della filosofia, in especie nella dottrina morale di Malebranche, 1877
Analisi storico-critica della Critica della ragion pura; otto lezioni, estratte dal corso di storia della filosofia, 1881
L'universita` di stato e le universita` autonome, 1888
References
1842 births
1901 deaths
19th-century Italian philosophers
Academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome
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Plants for Human Health Institute. The Plants for Human Health Institute (PHHI) is a North Carolina State University based research and education organization located at the North Carolina Research Campus in Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States. The PHHI researches food crops, like fruits and vegetables, and the potential health-promoting properties they may convey when consumed.
The PHHI is part of the university's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; its staff consists of faculty from the following departments: horticultural science, food, bioprocessing and nutrition sciences; plant and microbial biology, genetics, and agricultural and resource economics. The PHHI has both research and Cooperative Extension components.
Mary Ann Lila, a blueberry researcher, is the current director of the PHHI.
History
N.C. State began operations in Kannapolis in 2007 as the Fruit and Vegetable Science Institute. The university was one of the first organizations to join the biotech hub.
The program's name was changed to Plants for Human Health Institute when the N.C. Research Campus was dedicated on October 20, 2008, in order "to more accurately reflect the ground-breaking research approach the institute will take. Institute research will focus on identifying and making available to consumers bioactive compounds in plants that prevent and treat disease."
As of February 2024, PHHI has about 11 faculty and 70 staff in Kannapolis, not including seasonal staff.
Research
Overview
Plants for Human Health Institute researchers study the potential health-promoting properties of fruits and vegetables. The institute employs twelve lead researchers.
The institute's mission is to discover and deliver plant-based solutions to improve human health, PHHI researchers target naturally occurring chemical compounds in plants and fresh produce, known as phytochemicals, some of which convey health-promoting properties when ingested. The director, Dr. Lila, and other PHHI researchers have done research into phytochemicals, such as anthocyanins present in blueberries and other crops, indicating they provide health benefits against cancer, diabetes, and other chronic human diseases when consumed.
In 2013, Dr. Lila was a lead researcher in a study involving athletes ingesting blueberry and green tea-infused drinks twice daily during a two-week supplementation period and then for three days of rigorous exercise. Among the results, participants experienced a prolonged spike in their metabolism (up to 14 hours) after exercise.
Programs
Plants for Human Health Institute researchers integrate expertise in biochemistry, plant breeding, epigenetics, metabolomics, pharmacogenomics, postharvest physiology, and systems biology. PHHI research faculty have:
Led the team that sequenced the blueberry genome.
Discovered evidence that plants of the family Brassicaceae (like mustard greens and kale) could increase muscle mass in people suffering from debilitating diseases and the effects of aging.
Developed functional food ingredients from health-enhancing plant compounds for undernourished populations in Africa.
Created fruit-infused peanut flours to combat peanut allergies.
Established multiple plant breeding programs, including broccoli, cabbage, and strawberry.
Greenhouse Complex
The institute operates three greenhouses. The greenhouse complex provides about 10,000 square feet of space for plant trials on crops like broccoli and strawberry and allows the institute to rent space or collaborate on research with other campus operations and businesses.
Researchers also partner with the Piedmont Research Station, a research farm located near Salisbury, N.C., to grow and test field crops.
Kannapolis Scholars
Funded by a $1 million grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agriculture & Food Research Initiative (USDA-AFRI) - the Kannapolis Scholars was a program for graduate students from multiple disciplines to participate in integrated research. Led by Jack Odle, William Neal Reynolds, Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at N.C. State, the scholars examined issues in the broad domain of functional foods, bioactive food components and human health. 30 faculty members from eight universities in North Carolina, from multiple disciplines, including food science, nutritional science, plant science, animal science, microbiology, biochemistry and metabolomics act as mentors to the Kannapolis Scholars.
Plant Pathways Elucidation Project (P2EP)
The Plant Pathways Elucidation Project, or P2EP, was a $1.9 million program that engaged college students across North Carolina in education and research. Operated from June 2013 to December 2019, the program was supported by a consortium of academic and industry organizations, including the Plants for Human Health Institute. The program teamed university scientists, industry leaders, and college students to explore plant health benefits, prepare student scientists to pursue careers in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math), and create a research knowledge base.
Extension
The N.C. State Extension houses a multidisciplinary team at the N.C. Research Campus as part of the Plants for Human Health Institute. The team is an education and outreach component of PHHI directed towards STEM Education and Translational Nutrition.
History
Blake Brown, Hugh C. Kiger Professor in agricultural economics at N.C. State, started the Program for Value-Added and Alternative Agriculture in 2006 with support from the N.C. Tobacco Trust Fund Commission. The program was originally created to assist the transition of tobacco-farm families to other profitable enterprises after the Tobacco Buyout in 2005.
As part of N.C. State's development of the N.C. Research Campus, the program relocated to Kannapolis in 2008 as an on-site Cooperative Extension that complements the research personnel and programs with the institute. The program operated under the N.C. MarketReady brand from October 2009 until July 2012. The program has since dropped the name and been fully integrated into the institute as the N.C. State Extension component.
N.C. Research Campus
The N.C. Research Campus is a public-private venture including eight universities, one community college, the David H. Murdock Research Institute (DHMRI), and corporate entities that collaborate to advance the fields of human health, nutrition, and agriculture. It was founded by David H. Murdock, CEO of Dole Foods. The campus is built upon the former site of the Cannon Textile Mill in Kannapolis, about 30 miles north of Charlotte.
The research campus represents an effort by the state of North Carolina to revitalize the region following the decline of the textile industry.
It was announced in November 2013 that two new facilities were breaking ground at the Kannapolis campus, including a 50,000-square-foot data center (Data chambers) and a 100,000-square-foot municipal center (the new Kannapolis City Hall).
The Plants for Human Health Institute is housed on the campus in a 105,000-square-foot facility that includes research labs, lab support areas, and an Advance II 700 US - 2 Magnet nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscope.
Funding
The institute has received $2.1 million in gift donations and $7.8 million in federal and private competitive grants, $1.42 million from the N.C. Tobacco Trust Fund Commission, $2 million from the N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, $780,000 from the University of North Carolina General Administration, and $1.05 million from commodity groups and other private sponsors. This funding is in addition to state appropriations. PHHI research programs have also received significant grant funding support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
References
External links
Official website
Botanical research institutes
2008 establishments in North Carolina
Kannapolis, North Carolina
High-technology business districts in the United States
Economy of North Carolina
Charlotte metropolitan area
Science parks in the United States
Organizations based in Charlotte, North Carolina
North Carolina State University
Life sciences industry
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16 Puppis. 16 Puppis is a suspected astrometric binary star system in the southern constellation of Puppis, and is located in the northernmost part of its constellation, almost due north of the bright star Rho Puppis, and east of Canis Major. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.40. The star is located is approximately 465 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. It was the brightest star in Officina Typographica, an obsolete constellation.
The visible member is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B5 V, according to N. Houk and M. Smith-Moore (1978). Earlier, Hoffleit et al. (1964) had listed a class of B5 IV, suggesting a more evolved subgiant star. It is spinning rapidly, which is creating an equatorial bulge that is 6% larger than the polar radius. The star is radiating 836 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 16,680 K.
References
B-type main-sequence stars
B-type subgiants
Astrometric binaries
Puppis
BD-18 2190
Puppis, 16
067797
039906
3192
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2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years. 2052 – A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years is a 2012 book describing trends in global development. It is written by Jørgen Randers and is a follow-up to The Limits to Growth, which in 1972 was the first worldwide report by the Club of Rome.
It differs in three ways from the previous report. First, it does not describe an impending disaster scenario, but shows only trends. Secondly, it is to be read in the light of experience since 1972, namely, that all of humanity has responded to the report, but with a delay of 20 to 40 years. Thirdly, it offers not only future scenarios, it makes concrete proposals on how the individual should respond to emerging developments.
Randers repeatedly points out that he does not want to predict specific events, only general trends.
Global forecast
The underlying logic of the prognosis
Randers's reflections are based on two central questions: "What will happen to the consumer over the next 40 years?" and "Under what conditions – in which social and natural environment – will this future consumption take place?" (p. 78). He uses computer models to make sure feedback effects are not overlooked.
Forecast on population and consumption
World population will decline from about 2040.
The working population will peak around 2030.
Productivity will grow, but encounter obstacles.
The gross domestic product will grow, but more and more slowly.
Investments – forced and voluntary – will increase.
New costs will be incurred.
Adaptation and disaster costs will rise rapidly.
The state will become more involved.
Consumption will stagnate and decline in some places.
Forecast on energy and CO2
Energy efficiency will continue to increase. Energy demand is expected to rise, but not indefinitely. CO2 emissions from energy consumption will peak in 2030. The average global temperature will rise by more than two degrees, causing serious problems.
Forecast on nutrition and ecological footprint
The race for natural resources will be hard, the biocapacity of the world will be exploited more and more. The cities will become richer sources of raw materials for metal than the mineral deposits in nature (urban mining). In the same way that zoos have already become the last refuge for many endangered species, parks will assume this role for nature in general.
The non-physical future
Randers argues that the global gross domestic product will fail to increase as it has in the past because of population decline, general aging and declining productivity growth.
The Internet will give rise to a completely new understanding of what is private and public. Knowledge will not be a scarce resource any more, but this will not lead to more rational decisions in most cases because knowledge on its own is not sufficient to change behavior when strong interests are involved. Therefore, it is likely that a "greenkeeping force" will be set up to enforce environmentally positive behavior, similar to the peacekeeping forces (blue berets) of today.
What can be done?
Randers references UN recommendations and gives 20 pieces of advice concerning individual behavior.
In short words he states:
Concretely, in order to create a better world for our grandchildren, we should:
Have fewer children, especially in the rich world.
Reduce the ecological footprint, first by slowing the use of coal, oil and gas in the rich world.
Construct a low-carbon energy system in the poor world, paid for by the rich.
Create institutions that counter national short-termism.
But most importantly, the coming crisis should be used to develop new goals for modern society. To remind us all that the purpose of society is to increase total life satisfaction, not primarily to have each person contribute to the economic gross domestic product.
References
External links
2052 – A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years
2012 non-fiction books
2012 in the environment
Demographic economics
Ecological economics
Environmental non-fiction books
Futurology books
Sustainability books
Systems theory books
Chelsea Green Publishing books
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Neuronal tracing. Neuronal tracing, or neuron reconstruction is a technique used in neuroscience to determine the pathway of the neurites or neuronal processes, the axons and dendrites, of a neuron. From a sample preparation point of view, it may refer to some of the following as well as other genetic neuron labeling techniques,
Anterograde tracing, for labeling from the cell body to synapse;
Retrograde tracing, for labeling from the synapse to cell body;
Viral neuronal tracing, for a technique which can be used to label in either direction;
Manual tracing of neuronal imagery.
In broad sense, neuron tracing is more often related to digital reconstruction of a neuron's morphology from imaging data of above samples.
Digital neuronal reconstruction and neuronal tracing
Digital reconstruction or tracing of neuron morphology is a fundamental task in computational neuroscience. It is also critical for mapping neuronal circuits based on advanced microscope images, usually based on light microscopy (e.g. laser scanning microscopy, bright field imaging) or electron microscopy or other methods. Due to the high complexity of neuron morphology and often seen heavy noise in such images, as well as the typically encountered massive amount of image data, it has been widely viewed as one of the most challenging computational tasks for computational neuroscience. Many image analysis based methods have been proposed to trace neuron morphology, usually in 3D, manually, semi-automatically or completely automatically. There are normally two processing steps: generation and proof editing of a reconstruction.
History
The need to describe or reconstruct a neuron's morphology probably began in early days of neuroscience when neurons were labeled or visualized using Golgi's methods. Many of the known neuron types, such as pyramidal neurons and Chandelier cells, were described based on their morphological characterization.
The first computer-assisted neuron reconstruction system, now known as Neurolucida, was developed by Dr. Edmund Glaser and Dr. Hendrik Van der Loos in the 1960s.
Modern approaches to trace a neuron started when digitized pictures of neurons were acquired using microscopes. Initially this was done in 2D. Quickly after the advanced 3D imaging, especially the fluorescence imaging and electron microscopic imaging, there were a huge demand of tracing neuron morphology from these imaging data.
Methods
Neurons can be often traced manually either in 2D or 3D. To do so, one may either directly paint the trajectory of neuronal processes in individual 2D sections of a 3D image volume and manage to connect them, or use the 3D Virtual Finger painting which directly converts any 2D painted trajectory in a projection image to real 3D neuron processes. The major limitation of manual tracing of neurons is the huge amount of labor in the work.
Automated reconstructions of neurons can be done using model (e.g. spheres or tubes) fitting and marching, pruning of over-reconstruction, minimal cost connection of key points, ray-bursting and many others. Skeletonization is a critical step in automated neuron reconstruction, but in the case of all-path-pruning and its variants it is combined with estimation of model parameters (e.g. tube diameters). The major limitation of automated tracing is the lack of precision especially when the neuron morphology is complicated or the image has substantial amount of noise.
Semi-automated neuron tracing often depends on two strategies. One is to run the completely automated neuron tracing followed by manual curation of such reconstructions. The alternative way is to produce some prior knowledge, such as the termini locations of a neuron, with which a neuron can be more easily traced automatically. Semi-automated tracing is often thought to be a balanced solution that has acceptable time cost and reasonably good reconstruction accuracy. The open source software Vaa3D-Neuron, Neurolucida 360, Imaris Filament Tracer and Aivia all provide both categories of methods.
Tracing of electron microscopy image is thought to be more challenging than tracing light microscopy images, while the latter is still quite difficult, according to the DIADEM competition. For tracing electron microscopy data, manual tracing is used more often than the alternative automated or semi-automated methods. For tracing light microscopy data, more times the automated or semi-automated methods are used.
Since tracing electron microscopy images takes substantial amount time, collaborative manual tracing software is useful. Crowdsourcing is an alternative way to effectively collect collaborative manual reconstruction results for such image data sets.
Tools and software
A number of neuron tracing tools especially software packages are available. One comprehensive Open Source software package that contains implementation of a number of neuron tracing methods developed in different research groups as well as many neuron utilities functions such as quantitative measurement, parsing, comparison, is Vaa3D and its Vaa3D-Neuron modules. Some other free tools such as NeuronStudio also provide tracing function based on specific methods. Neuroscientists also use commercial tools such as Neurolucida, Neurolucida 360, Aivia, Amira, etc. to trace and analyse neurons. A 2012 study show that Neurolucida is cited over 7 times more than all other available neuron tracing programs combined, and is also the most widely used and versatile system to produce neuronal reconstruction. The BigNeuron project (https://alleninstitute.org/bigneuron/about/) is a recent substantial international collaboration effort to integrate the majority of known neuron tracing tools onto a common platform to facilitate Open Source, easy accessing of various tools at one single place. Powerful new tools such as UltraTracer, that can trace arbitrarily large image volume, have been produced through this effort. The online tool WEBKNOSSOS has a Flight Mode for high-speed tracing of axons or dendrites, in which trained annotator crowds achieve tracing speeds of 1.5 ± 0.6 mm/h for axons and 2.1 ± 0.9 mm/h for dendrites in 3D electron microscopy data.
Neuron formats and databases
Reconstructions of single neurons can be stored in various formats. This largely depends on the software that have been used to trace such neurons. The SWC format, which consists of a number of topologically connected structural compartments (e.g. a single tube or sphere), is often used to store digital traced neurons, especially when the morphology lacks or does not need detailed 3D shape models for individual compartments. Other more sophisticated neuron formats have separate geometrical modeling of the neuron cell body and neuron processes using Neurolucida among others.
There are a few common single neuron reconstruction databases. A widely used database is http://NeuroMorpho.Org which contains over 86,000 neuron morphology of >40 species contributed worldwide by a number of research labs. Allen Institute for Brain Science, HHMI's Janelia Research Campus, and other institutes are also generating large-scale single neuron databases. Many of related neuron data databases at different scales also exist.
References
Neuroscience
Cellular neuroscience
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Barium permanganate. Barium permanganate is a chemical compound, with the formula Ba(MnO4)2. It forms violet to brown crystals that are sparingly soluble in water.
Preparation
Barium permanganate may be produced by disproportionation of barium manganate in a mildly acidic solution, including solutions carbon dioxide or sulfuric acid:
3 BaMnO4 + 2 CO2 → Ba(MnO4)2 + 2 BaCO3 + MnO2
3 BaMnO4 + 2 H2SO4 → Ba(MnO4)2 + 2 BaSO4 + MnO2 + 2 H2O
It can also be prepared by oxidation of barium manganate with strong oxidants. Preparations relying on aqueous reactions of barium manganate are extremely slow process due to the low solubility of the manganate.
Another way to synthesize barium permanganate is by the reaction between silver permanganate and barium chloride. Highly pure samples can be obtained from the similar reaction between potassium permanganate and aluminium sulfate to form aluminium permanganate, which is then reacted with a stoichiometric amount of barium hydroxide.
Reactions
Barium permanganate is a strong oxidizer. It is thermally stable up to 180 °C, above which it decomposes in two stages between 180–350 and 500–700 °C.
2 Ba(MnO4)2 → 2 BaMnO3 + 2 MnO2 + 3 O2
4 BaMnO3 → 4 BaO + 2 Mn2O3 + O2
The decomposition has been shown to proceed at slow rates above 160 °C, and that irradiation with UV or X-rays lowers this temperature. Crystal defects and impurities play a role in the mechanism.
Permanganic acid can be prepared by the reaction of dilute sulfuric acid with a solution barium permanganate, the insoluble barium sulfate byproduct being removed by filtering:
Ba(MnO4)2 + H2SO4 → 2 HMnO4 + BaSO4
The sulfuric acid used must be dilute; reactions of permanganates with concentrated sulfuric acid yield the anhydride, manganese heptoxide.
References
Barium compounds
Permanganates
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Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. The Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering. It covers all aspects of earthquake engineering. It was established in 2003 and the editor-in-chief is Atilla Ansal (Ozyegin University).
Abstracting and indexing
This journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.827.
References
External links
Earthquake engineering
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Engineering journals
Academic journals established in 2003
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Strontium chromate. Strontium chromate is an inorganic compound with the formula .
Preparation
Strontium chromate is prepared from strontium chloride and sodium chromate, or from strontium carbonate and sodium dichromate.
Reactions
Strontium chromate is approximately 30 times more soluble in water at 100 °C than at room temperature. Therefore, the yellow strontium chromate can be suspended in a hot solution of a soluble sulfate to digest until fully converted to the much less soluble and white strontium sulfate, leaving the chromate or dichromate in solution.
Uses
Corrosion inhibitor in pigments
In electrochemical processes to control sulphate concentration of solutions
Colorant in polyvinyl chloride resins
Pyrotechnics
Aluminium flake coatings
As an anti-corrosive primer for zinc, magnesium, aluminium, and alloys used in aircraft manufacture.
As a pigment used in oil painting named strontium yellow.
References
Chromates
Strontium compounds
Inorganic pigments
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NS Puppis. NS Puppis (NS Pup) is an irregular variable star in the constellation Puppis. Its apparent magnitude varies between 4.4 and 4.5.
NS Puppis is a naked eye star, given the h1 and the Bright Star Catalogue number 3225. It was considered to be a stable star until 1966. It was given the variable star designation NS Puppis in 1975.
h2 Puppis is another luminous K-type star with almost the same visual magnitude about a degree to the southeast.
References
Puppis
K-type supergiants
Slow irregular variables
Puppis, NS
068553
3225
040091
Puppis, h1
Durchmusterung objects
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V Puppis. V Puppis (V Pup) is a star system in the constellation Puppis. Its apparent magnitude is 4.41. There is a binary star system at the center with a B1 dwarf orbiting a B3 subgiant star. They have an orbital period of 1.45 days and a distance of only 15 solar radii apart. However, the system moves back and forth, indicating that there is a massive object orbiting them with a period around 5.47 years. Based on the mass of the object, its lack of a visible spectrum, and circumstellar matter in the system with many heavy elements (as would be produced by a past supernova in the system), it is probably a black hole. However, a follow-up study could not confirm this object, but found signs that there may be a third object which is fainter than the other components.
In addition to the main system, more distant components have been reported: B, at magnitude 11.5 and separation 6.2", C, at magnitude 13.2 and separation 18.9", D, at magnitude 9.88 and separation 39", and E, at magnitude 13 and separation from D of 10.4".
References
Puppis
B-type main-sequence stars
B-type subgiants
Beta Lyrae variables
CD-48 3349
038957
3129
065818
Puppis, V
Ap stars
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Mustansir Barma. Mustansir Barma is an Indian scientist specializing in statistical physics. He was former director of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research from 2007 to 2014.
Early life
Mustansir Barma was born in Mumbai to a Dawoodi Bohra family.
Awards and honours
Young Scientist Award of the Indian National Science Academy (1980).
Associate of the Indian Academy of Sciences (1983 – 86).
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for the Physical Sciences awarded by the CSIR (1995).
Honorary faculty member, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore (1998 – 2001).
DAE Raja Ramanna Prize Lecture in Physics (2004).
S.N. Bose Birth Centenary Award of the Indian Science Congress (2007).
J.C. Bose Fellowship of the Department of Science and Technology (2007).
Seventh Abdus Salam Memorial Lecture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (2009).
R.S. Goyal Prize for Physics (2006), awarded in 2010.
Padma Shri Award (2013)
References
20th-century Indian physicists
Dawoodi Bohras
Indian Ismailis
Living people
Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
1950 births
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Catalase-peroxidase. Catalase-peroxidase (, katG (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
donor + H2O2 oxidized donor + 2 H2O
2 H2O2 O2 + 2 H2O
This enzyme is a strong catalase with H2O2 as donor which releases O2.
References
External links
EC 1.11.1
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Initiative for Interstellar Studies. The Initiative for Interstellar Studies (i4is) is a UK-registered not-for-profit company, whose objectives are education and research into the challenges of Interstellar Travel. It pioneered small-scale laser sail interstellar probes (Project Dragonfly) and missions to interstellar objects (Project Lyra). Several of its principals were involved in the 100 Year Starship winning team originated by NASA and DARPA.
The US activities of i4is are coordinated by the Institute for Interstellar Studies, a not-for-profit registered in Tennessee, USA.
Notable projects and activities
Project Dragonfly:
i4is has initiated a project working on small interstellar spacecraft, propelled by a laser sail in 2013 under the name of Project Dragonfly. Four student teams worked on concepts for such a mission in 2014 and 2015 in the context of a design competition. The design of the team from the University of California, Santa Barbara, has subsequently been selected as the baseline system architecture for Breakthrough Starshot. A subsequent study, Project Andromeda, has provided input to Breakthrough Starshot prior to its announcement in 2016.
Project Lyra:
In November 2017, i4is launched Project Lyra and proposed a set of mission concepts for reaching the interstellar objects 1I/ʻOumuamua, 2I/Borisov, and yet to be discovered objects. The project has been featured in numerous media outlets.
World and Generation Ships:
i4is has published on world ships, large interstellar generation ships and has presented its results at the ESA Interstellar Workshop in 2019 as well as in ESA's Acta Futura journal. In 2024, the Project Hyperion design competition was launched.
Venus astrobiology mission:
Subsequent to the alleged discovery of phosphine in the Venusian atmosphere in 2020, i4is published a study on a dedicated astrobiology mission, based on a fleet of balloons to probe the Venusian atmosphere.
Principium:
The i4is publishes a quarterly newsletter, Principium.
Prominent figures
The i4is has a number of internationally renowned academics and engineers who have oversight and involvement with its work -
Freeman Dyson FRS, theoretical physicist and mathematician, professor emeritus Institute for Advanced Study was a member of the Advisory Council of the i4is
Alan Bond, Managing Director of Reaction Engines Limited, is a consultant to i4is.
Dr Ian Crawford, Professor of Planetary Science and Astrobiology at the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London is a member of the Advisory Council of the i4is
Gregory L. Matloff, professor New York City College of Technology is Chair of the Advisory Council of the i4is.
References
External links
British Interplanetary Society website
Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
International Space University
20 minutes talk by Chris Welch about The Institute for Interstellar Studies during SpaceUp Stuttgart 2012 (YouTube Video)
Organizations established in 2012
Space advocacy organizations
Space organizations
Interstellar travel
2012 establishments in the United Kingdom
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Sulfur oxygenase. Sulfur oxygenase may refer to:
Sulfur dioxygenase, an enzyme
Sulfur oxygenase/reductase, an enzyme
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Side-side-side. Side-side-side is a means of analyzing triangles discussed at:
SSS postulate
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Christopher Slowe. Christopher Brian Slowe (born November 8, 1978) is an American businessman. He gained his PhD in physics from Harvard University, and went on to co-found Reddit, with Aaron Swartz, Alexis Ohanian, and Steve Huffman. He later departed Reddit and began work for Hipmunk, where he was Chief Scientist. He returned to Reddit in 2017 and is currently its CTO.
Career
Slowe was awarded his PhD in physics from Harvard for his thesis "Experiments and simulations in cooling and trapping of a high flux rubidium beam".
His thesis advisor was Professor Lene Hau. During his time as a research assistant at Harvard, he also began to devise computer programs. Whilst studying, in the final year of his PhD he and a group of other Harvard students received startup funding from Y Combinator for their company TBD, later renamed Memamp. "I just wanted to design something to make it easier to work on my thesis," Slowe explained. "And I'll still be happy if that's what I end up with." Memamp failed as both Google and Apple introduced software similar to that which Slowe was seeking to develop. Immediately upon graduating he left academia to join Reddit, a social news website.
Reddit was acquired by Condé Nast Publications, the owner of technology Magazine WIRED in October 2006. Conde Nast wanted Reddit to "just focus on building out, which may involve adding to the current staff of four (all co-founders), who will all move from Boston to San Francisco and work at Wired's office." Fellow co-founders at Reddit departed after the Conde Nast acquisition, Aaron Swartz resigning, and Huffman and Ohanian seeing out the legal duration of their contracts, before moving immediately to travel startup Hipmunk. Slowe remained Reddit's longest standing employee, and CEO, until 2010, when he left to become Chief Scientist at Hipmunk. There was much speculation as to the terms of his departure, but Slowe remained diplomatic, despite rumours of underfunding and understaffing by new owners Conde Nast. In an interview with TechCrunch he stated "it was time to do something new ... that is less fully formed with room to explore." Slowe took on the job of troubleshooting most of the Hipmunk travel software.
Slowe rejoined Reddit in 2017 as chief technology officer.
References
External links
Reddit account
GitHub profile
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American physicists
Harvard University alumni
1978 births
Living people
American Internet celebrities
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HD 64740. HD 64740 is a single star in the southern constellation Puppis, positioned near the line of sight to the Gum Nebula. It has a blue-white hue and is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.63. Parallax measurements give a distance estimate of approximately 760 light-years from the Sun, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +8 km/s.
This is a massive B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B2V. It is a magnetic chemically peculiar star of the helium strong variety with weak hydrogen alpha emission. The polar magnetic field strength is . The star is about halfway through its main sequence lifetime with an estimated age of ~13 million years. It is spinning rapidly with an equatorial velocity of about , based on a polar inclination angle of , giving it a rotation period of ~1.33 days. The star is radiating over 5,900 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 23,700 K.
Significant X-ray emission has been detected originating from this star, which may be connected to the magnetically-confined stellar wind. The star does not display pulsation behavior, but it does show a magnetically-modulated variation from the wind. Variation of ultraviolet lines of silicon has been detected, which may be due to surface abundance variations. Two patches of helium overabundance are observed near the magnetic poles, which are inclined by about 20° to the star's pole of rotation.
References
B-type main-sequence stars
Ap stars
Puppis
CD-49 3137
064740
038500
3089
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Bidirectional hydrogenase. Bidirectional hydrogenase may refer to:
Ferredoxin hydrogenase, an enzyme
Hydrogen dehydrogenase, an enzyme
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Nesina. Nesina may refer to:
a brand name for Alogliptin, an orally administered anti-diabetic drug
Nesina (beetle), a ladybird genus in the tribe Sticholotidini
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Richard Packard. Richard Packardis an American physicist, a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, known for discovering Josephson oscillations in superfluids and using related effects to build the first quantum gyroscope with his colleagues. He is also recognized for making the first visualization of quantum vortices as well as conceiving the idea that neutron stars suddenly speed up due to metastability of superfluid vortices in the star's interior. He also suggested a model for the nature of dark matter by drawing an analogy between cosmic strings and quantized vortex lines. His research is primarily focused on the application of quantum fluids.
Professor Packard received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Michigan in 1969. After a postdoctoral appointment at the University of California at Berkeley he was appointed to the faculty in 1971. Fellowships and honors include: The Donald Sterling Noyce Prize for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching, Fellow of the American Physical Society, Fellow of the California Academy of Sciences, Fulbright Scholar and several visiting professorships at universities abroad.
UC Berkeley Website for Richard Packard
Richard Packard Memoir
References
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Scientists from the San Francisco Bay Area
21st-century American physicists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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29 Persei. 29 Persei is a single star in the northern constellation of Perseus, located approximately 640 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. It is visible to the naked eye as faint, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.16. This object is a member of the Alpha Persei Cluster.
This is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B3 V. During the 1930s it was reported to have a variable radial velocity, but that may instead have been due to instrument error. The star has a high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 120 km/s. It has 6.8 times the mass of the Sun and about 3.9 times the Sun's radius. 29 Persei is radiating 960 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 16,143 K.
References
B-type main-sequence stars
Alpha Persei Cluster
Perseus (constellation)
BD+49 899
Persei, 29
020365
015404
0987
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Methylene bridge. In organic chemistry, a methylene bridge, methylene spacer, or methanediyl group is any part of a molecule with formula ; namely, a carbon atom bound to two hydrogen atoms and connected by single bonds to two other distinct atoms in the rest of the molecule. It is the repeating unit in the skeleton of the unbranched alkanes.
A methylene bridge can also act as a bidentate ligand joining two metals in a coordination compound, such as titanium and aluminum in Tebbe's reagent.
A methylene bridge is often called a methylene group or simply methylene, as in "methylene chloride" (dichloromethane ). As a bridge in other compounds, for example in cyclic compounds, it is given the name methano. However, the term methylidene group (not to be confused with the term methylene group, nor the carbene methylidene) properly applies to the group when it is connected to the rest of the molecule by a double bond (), giving it chemical properties very distinct from those of a bridging group.
Reactions
Compounds possessing a methylene bridge located between two strong electron withdrawing groups (such as nitro, carbonyl or nitrile groups) are sometimes called active methylene compounds. Treatment of these with strong bases can form enolates or carbanions, which are often used in organic synthesis. Examples include the Knoevenagel condensation and the malonic ester synthesis.
Examples
Examples of compounds which contain methylene bridges include:
See also
Methyl group
Methylene group
Methyne
References
Functional groups
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What's Up Nurse!. What's Up Nurse! is a 1977 British sex comedy film directed and written by Derek Ford and starring Nicholas Field, Felicity Devonshire and John Le Mesurier.
It tells the story of the adventures of a young doctor in a hospital. The sequel What's Up Superdoc! was released the following year, with Christopher Mitchell replacing Nicholas Field as Dr Todd.
Cast
John Le Mesurier as Dr. Ogden
Graham Stark as Carthew
Kate Williams as Matron
Angela Grant as Helen Arkwright
Nicholas Field as Dr. Robert 'Sweeney' Todd
Felicity Devonshire as Olivia Ogden
Jack Douglas as Police Constable
Barbara Mitchell as neighbour
Peter Butterworth as Police Sergeant
Bill Pertwee as Flash Harry Harrison
Cardew Robinson as ticket inspector
Chic Murray as aquarium proprietor
Andrew Sachs as Guido the waiter
Anna Karen as Knitter
Ronnie Brody as jam jar man
Frank Williams as vicar
Julia Bond as nurse
Elisabeth Day as 2nd nurse
Sheila Bernette as Mrs. Garrard
Keith Smith as Mr. Newberry
Kate Harper as club girl
Terry Duggan as old salt
Michael Cronin as builder
Reception
Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "A dishearteningly unfunny sex comedy which discloses a painful package of unfailing bad taste (the most offensive sequence concerning a homosexual who believes he has given birth to a chimpanzee), stupefyingly dull sex scenes, and a collection of double entendres so ancient that they almost constitute some kind of intriguing pre-history of blue comedy."
Léon Hunt describes the film along with Ford's What's Up Superdoc! (1978) as a "return to the Carry On films' favourite setting to explore slap-and-tickle amidst the bedpans."
Sarah Street wrote that Ford's films Commuter Husbands (1972), Keep It Up, Jack (1973), The Sexplorer (1975) and What's Up Nurse (1977) were "films with salacious titles designed to titillate dwindling audiences with their suggestion of breaking taboos."
Michael Hawkes awarded the film 3 out of 5 stars.
References
External links
What's Up Nurse! at ReelStreets
What's Up Nurse! then-and-now location photographs at ReelStreets
British sex comedy films
1977 films
1970s sex comedy films
British sexploitation films
1977 comedy films
1970s English-language films
Films directed by Derek Ford
1970s British films
English-language sex comedy films
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Leptosynanceia. Leptosynanceia is a monotypic genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae, the stonefishes, which is classified within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and relatives, its only species is Leptosynanceia asteroblepa which is called the mangrove stonefish in Malaysia. This species native to the brackish and fresh waters of Southeast Asia. This species grows to a total length of . This species is an extremely dangerous fish whose venom can cause a human to die within 1 to 2 hours after contact. The pain caused by the venom is described as "agonizing".
Taxonomy
Leptosynanceia was first formally described as a genus by the Dutch physician and zoologist Pieter Bleeker as a monotypic genus with Synanceia asteroblepa, which had been described by John Richardson from the coast of New Guinea, as its only species. The genus Leptosynanceia is classified within the tribe Synanceiini which is one of three tribes in the subfamily Synanceeinae within the family Scorpaenidae. However, other authorities regard Synanceiidae as a valid family and the Synanceiini as the subfamily Synanceiinae. The genus name is a combination of lepto meaning "thin" and Synanceia, the typical stonefish genus to which Richardson originally assigned this species, alluding to its more slender body than those stonefishes. The specific name is a compound of asteros, meaning "star", and blepos, meaning "see", to mean "stargazer", an allusion to the uptirned eyes on the top of the head.
Description
Leptosynanceia has an almost vertical mouth, its eyes are place on the dorsal surface of its head and direct outwards and upwards. The dorsal fin has 16 spines and 5 soft rays. The anal fin has 3-4 spines and 5 or 6 soft rays and there is a single spine and 4 soft rays in the pelvic fin. This fish attains a maximum total length of . The colour is pale brown, slightly paler ventrally with a mottled head and darker blotches on the body.
Distribution and habitat
Leptosynanceia is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. It has been recorded from Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo and New Guinea, It is found in fresh water rivers and brackish water estuarine environments
References
Synanceiini
Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker
Venomous fish
Monotypic ray-finned fish genera
Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)
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Dana Medal. The Dana Medal, established in 1998, is awarded by the Mineralogical Society of America and is named in honor of the contributions made by James Dwight Dana (1813–1895) and Edward Salisbury Dana (1849–1935) to the science of mineralogy. It recognizes outstanding scientific contributions through original research in the mineralogical sciences by an individual in the midst of his or her career.
Recipients
Source:
2001 – George R. Rossman
2002 – Michael F. Hochella, Jr.
2003 – Mark S. Ghiorso
2004 – R. James Kirkpatrick
2005 – William D. Carlson
2006 – Rodney C. Ewing
2007 – Frank S. Spear
2008 – Thomas Armbruster
2009 – Ronald E. Cohen
2010 – Jillian F. Banfield
2011 – Ross John Angel
2012 – Roberta Rudnick
2013 – Max W. Schmidt
2014 – Patricia M. Dove
2015 – Marc M. Hirschmann
2016 – Patrick Cordier
2016 - Sumit Chakraborty
2017 - Thomas W. Sisson
2018 - Jörg Hermann
2019 - Matthew J. Kohn
2020 - Daniela Rubatto
2021 - Sergey V. Krivovichev
2022 - Cin-Ty Lee
2023 - Razvan Caracas
2024 - Fabrizio Nestola
See also
List of geology awards
References
Mineralogy
Geology awards
Awards established in 1998
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Cambridge Science Centre. Cambridge Science Centre, initially located on Jesus Lane in Cambridge, England, is the city's first interactive science museum. The start-up exhibition space was opened by the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, Leszek Borysiewicz, on 7 February 2013, the museum was opened to the public on 8 February 2013. Its first exhibition dealt with the electromagnetic spectrum and principles of sound and hearing. The museum was founded by Dr. Chris Lennard and Dr. Katia Smith-Litiere, backed by technology entrepreneurs, including chairman David Cleevely, Hermann Hauser and Jonathan Milner.
In December 2016, the exhibition space was closed for relocation. While they were relocating, Cambridge Science Centre put on a series of pop up science events known as 'Street Science'. The museum reopened in April 2018.
See also
List of science centers#Europe
References
External links
Museum's website
Museums established in 2013
2013 establishments in England
Science museums in England
Museums in Cambridge
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HD 60863. p Puppis (HD 60863) is a star system the constellation Puppis. This system consists of a B8V (blue main-sequence) star and a secondary star at 7.4 AU, much smaller than the primary, as well as farther companions. Its apparent magnitude is 4.65 and it is approximately 222 light years away based on parallax.
In addition to the inner pair, there are the distant companions HIP 36890, at apparent magnitude 7.83 and projected separation of 38,700 AU, which is itself an astrometric binary, and a faint white dwarf at a distance of 1,300 AU. This make p Puppis a five-star system.
References
Puppis
B-type main-sequence stars
Binary stars
060863
2822
Puppis, p
CD-28 4566
036917
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PU Puppis. PU Puppis (PU Pup) is a class B8III (blue giant) star in the constellation Puppis. Its apparent magnitude is 4.69 and it is approximately 620 light years away based on parallax.
It is a β Lyrae variable, ranging from 4.75 to 4.69 magnitude with a period of 2.58 days. The secondary is estimated at 5.6 magnitude, although recent observations have failed to confirm it. The primary has a mass of 4.10 solar masses, and is radiating at an effective temperature of 11,500 K. The secondary, with a mass 65% that of the Sun, has a surface temperature of about 5,000 K.
References
Puppis
B-type giants
Beta Lyrae variables
Puppis, m
Puppis, PU
CD-25 4828
2944
061429
037173
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Dichloroarcyriaflavin A synthase. Dichloroarcyriaflavin A synthase () is an enzyme with systematic name dichlorochromopyrrolate,NADH:oxygen 2,5-oxidoreductase (dichloroarcyriaflavin A-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
dichlorochromopyrrolate + 4 O2 + 4 NADH + 4 H+ dichloroarcyriaflavin A + 2 CO2 + 6 H2O + 4 NAD+
References
External links
EC 1.13.12
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Bibliography of ecology. This is a bibliography of ecology.
Introductory
Advanced
See also
Outline of ecology
Ecology
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Thebaine 6-O-demethylase. Thebaine 6-O-demethylase (, T6ODM) is an enzyme with systematic name thebaine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-O-demethylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 neopinone + formaldehyde + succinate + CO2
Thebaine 6-O-demethylase contains Fe2+.
References
External links
EC 1.14.11
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