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If you want to reach fluency in a foreign language, then you shouldn’t overlook the importance of reading. It’s a great way to ramp up your progress and get you speaking like a local faster. But not all reading styles yield the same results. To get the most out of your reading efforts, you need to know when to use intensive vs extensive reading strategies. What Is Intensive Reading? Intensive reading tends to feel more like a lesson than casually reading. When you read intensively (vs extensively), you’re fully engaged in the material. You’re reading over each word, each sentence, focusing on the vocabulary, and acquiring grammar along the way. If you think back to any language learning course you may have had, you’ll remember spending entire classes on one or two pages, reading, re-reading, and discussing every aspect of the page along the way. It can feel exhausting at times. Language learning books work well for this type of activity. That’s why you’ll often find them in the classroom. Classrooms tend to overemphasis intensive (instead of extensive) reading, which is why many people fail to learn a second language. More so, if they don’t enjoy reading. How to Read Intensively You need to treat intensive reading like a language lesson for it to be effective. Sitting up straight at a desk, leaning over a book, and focus on what you’re reading. You’re looking for unfamiliar words and paying attention to the formation of sentences. It can be intense, and like any intense activity, you want to limit yourself to about 20 – 30 mins. It’s enough to help you learn, but at the same time, not so much that it’ll burn you out. And trust me, you’ll feel it. Walking away from intensive reading should feel like you just finished a brain work out. The Benefits of Intensive Reading Because intensive reading is challenging, you should know what you’ll get out of it. With intensive reading, you will… - Learn new vocabulary words - Gain a deeper understanding of grammar - Explore syntax and sentence structure - Better understand the language - Grow your abilities to read in your target language When Should I Read Intensively? As with any high-intensity brain activity, you’ll want to engage in intensive reading when you’re the freshest. Early in the morning or after a nap would be a great time to sit down and dedicate 20 – 30 minutes to increase your reading ability. You’ll also want to do more intensive reading early on in your language learning journey vs extensive. As a new language learner, there’s a huge learning curve in the beginning. And you’ll see a lot of results with each intensive reading session you complete. You’ll learn new words, discover how sentences work and pick up on grammatical nuances along the way. However, as your abilities increase, you’ll see less of a return on your efforts. There’s only so much grammar you can (or want) to take in at the beginning. Think about it, most people have a general understanding of syntax, morphology, and grammar, but few have a detailed understanding of most structures. At some point, you’ll need to move onto extensive reading. What Is Extensive Reading? If intensive reading is work, it’s best to think of extensive reading as fun. Extensive reading is reading everything you can, as much as you can, for the sake of reading it. The key here is exposure. The more you read, the more words, sentence variety, and style you’ll pick up on as you go. You won’t need to study it, you’ll just absorb it (we’ll talk more about this somewhat controversial view in a minute). How to Read Extensively Because reading extensively should be enjoyable, you should read things you find interesting. If you like politics, you should read newspapers, magazines, and blogs about certain topics. If you like fiction, you should read novels. If you like comics…etc. Whatever you read, you should want to read because you’ll spend around 1 – 3 hours doing it every day. You should be comfortable too, so feel free to lean back, put your feet up, and relax while you’re doing it. Remember: you’re doing this for fun. The Benefits of Extensive Reading Extensive reading offers a lot of benefits (provided you enjoy reading). Here are a few of them: - More exposure to the language, including style, vocab, and syntax - The last stage in your journey to learn a language - Requires less effort - More freedom because you can read when you want to - Learn more about the culture using native texts - Helps you retain your language knowledge When Should I Read Extensively? Whenever you like. The beauty of extensive reading is that you don’t really need to set time aside for it. You can do it throughout your day or all at once. Before you go to bed. On the bus. It doesn’t matter as long as you make time for it. However, it’s important to remember that you need a strong command of vocabulary, syntax, and grammar to read extensively. This is because you’ll be mostly reading without looking up words. Stopping to crack open a dictionary every few sentences will definitely take the fun out of the experience. To get the most out of extensive reading and to have the best experience, you need to know about 90 – 95 percent of the language in the texts you use. This doesn’t mean you need to be near fluent to read extensively. Whatever your language learning level is, you should choose texts within your range to get the most out of the experience. The Controversy About Extensive Reading There has been some discussion from linguists about whether or not extensive reading is as beneficial as some argue that it is. The debate centers around whether or not you can actually get enough exposure to vocabulary through extensive reading. Some say that because you limit the texts to a narrow niche of interest, there’s not enough exposure to a variety of words. Others, like Stephen Krashen, argue that extensive reading allows for significantly higher exposure. So much so, in fact, that in just 20 minutes per day, you could encounter 1,460,000 words. With such significant exposure to the target language, you could reach the 5000-word level. That’s enough to put you at the B2 – C1 range. Extensive vs Intensive Reading: Which One Is Better? Both extensive and intensive reading have their advantages and disadvantages. If you hate reading, you’ll probably shy away from extensive reading. You’ll also miss some details by glancing over the language as you read. And intensive reading can be hard to do outside of a classroom setting. It can also be difficult to set time aside to make it happen. What do I do? I use both. I use graded readers, written for a specific level. They’re not too easy and not too hard. And most importantly, they’re enjoyable. I’ll download them to my kindle because it’s fast, quick, and easy. All I need to do is click and hold a word, then Bing Translate pops up. From there I can easily figure out what the word means. Sometimes I do this for a word, other times sentences and phrases. It really just depends. I start out with intensive reading the first time around so I can understand the text. I want to figure out any uncertainties. Once I’m done with that, I reread the text but much faster, allowing me actually enjoy the text more the second time around. Typically, I’ll do this with each chapter as I read the book. Some people go further, writing out the words and defining them so they can return to them later. But ultimately, it comes down to you. You should choose the strategy that works best for you because you’ll have a greater chance of staying motivated. And maintaining motivation is vital for achieving success with your efforts to learn a new language. Avoid Using Only Intensive vs Extensive Reading One mistake a lot of people make when learning a language is that they only focus on one domain, like reading. But there are 4 parts to learning any language: reading, writing, listening and speaking. And the greatest test of fluency is your ability to speak the language. Don’t stick with only reading. Focusing solely on reading can leave you feeling frustrated when it comes time to use your new language. This is why some language learners spend 3, 5, or even 10 years studying a language struggle to speak. They neglect other domains of language learning. You need a foreign language learning program that works. OptiLingo differs from other programs because it prioritizes SPEAKING instead of memorizing grammar and vocabulary. And it’s built off the way people naturally learn languages. The result is an easy to use system that helps you gain fluency fast. See for yourself. Discover how OptiLingo works today!

Last updated September 19th, 2018 Update: 24 August 2018 Egill Hauksson, Zach Ross and Jen Andrews, Caltech; Elizabeth Cochran, USGS Pasadena The most recent Cahuilla swarm, which started in mid-2016, has grown steadily in number of events (currently ~6,300 of magnitude larger than 0.3) and presently extends over an almost north-south linear trend of about 7 km. Since late on 11 August 2018 the seismicity accelerated with a 120-event foreshock sequence, which culminated with a mainshock of Mw4.4 on 15 August 2018. The mainshock was followed by more than 200 aftershocks of magnitude larger than 0.3 over a period of 12 hours. This new activity extends the spatial distribution of the sequence about 0.5 km to the southwest. The b-value decreased from ~0.94 to ~0.74 during this most recent activity, suggesting that a new region, possibly of higher state of stress, was being activated. This is a fascinating sequence from a scientific point of view but it has almost no immediate hazards implications. It could end up with a M5 event, but a much bigger event is very unlikely. The observations that we have so far are: - The sequence started back in June 2016 with small events of magnitude 0.5 to 1.5. - Since June 2016, we have recorded about 6,300 events of magnitude larger than 0.3, and the largest M4.4 occurred 15th August 2018. This is a great area to record small events because there is little traffic noise and the rocks are very solid. - These events are shallow, or 4.5 to 5.5 km deep; but large events on major faults usually start twice or three times as deep. - This activity is not on a major fault but half way between the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults. No major events have occurred here in the past, if it had there would be a fault scarp. - We are not sure what is causing these events. We have looked for fluid injection or extraction but we did not find any evidence. The rocks in the area are solid and it is almost impossible to inject water into them. The likely cause is low tectonic strain from the loading of the San Jacinto or Elsinore faults, which is being absorbed by ancient (maybe as old as 50 million years) geological cracks in the rock. - Two similar earthquakes swarms like this one that occurred in the area in 1980-1981 and 1983-1984 were not followed by bigger events on other faults. The map below shows the time/space evolution of all three swarms. Note the small north-south spatial extent of ~5km for the 2016-2018 swarm. In comparison, the 1992 M7.3 Landers quake extended about 100 km north-south. - Will the activity continue? Yes, but the region is now in an aftershock mode following the M4.4, which means decreasing activity over time. However, there seems to be small (approx. 0.5 km) spatial migration to the southwest, which could cause renewed activity. This would be a new chapter in a still to be completed saga. The plot below shows activity since 1 Jan 2018 to present as magnitude versus date. The red stair-stepping line is the cumulative count of events larger than M1.5, which shows that the rate of events is pretty steady indicating that this sequence is continuing.

ASTM D6866 is a standard method employing radiocarbon dating techniques to determine the percentage of “recently fixed carbon” (biogenic fraction) versus “old carbon” (non-biogenic fraction from fossil sources) present in a solid fuel or its stack gas emission. Materials in fuels (municipal solid waste, used tires, sewage sludge, refuse-derived fuels, etc.) with recently fixed carbon include those that are biomass like wood, paper, and others of animal or plant origin. Materials with old carbon include coal and other petroleum-derivatives like plastics. Through ASTM D6866, the amount of recently fixed carbon is known and correlated to a material’s biogenic carbon content. ASTM D6866 measures carbon 14, which is a carbon isotope present in biomass but absent in fossil inputs. ASTM D7459, on the other hand, is the standard providing specific procedures on the collection of stack gases for ASTM D6866 testing. A gas bag is needed to collect the CO2 from stationary emissions sources. Emissions from a stack are mostly carbon dioxide. Depending on the solid fuel combusted, this stack gas CO2 can have a biogenic or biomass fraction. Cement plants, for example, burn municipal solid waste or used tires in kilns to produce energy needed in making their products. The portion of MSW or used tires that is biomass produces biogenic CO2 when burned. The portion of wastes that are fossil in origin, on the other hand, emits non-biogenic CO2. The same is true for a plant that co-fires coal with biomass. The biomass portion of the fuel combusted also produces biogenic CO2. In light of recent regulatory developments in North America and Europe, companies need to know the biogenic portion of the stack gas CO2 because it can be deducted from their greenhouse gas inventories, which are to be annually reported. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in particular, requires reporting of biogenic CO2 separate from non-biogenic CO2 for facilities that combust MSW as fuel or co-fire biomass with fossil-based fuels. There are several regulatory bodies and intergovernmental organizations that require testing of stack gas CO2; foremost of which is the US EPA with its mandate for companies emitting at least 25,000 metric tons CO2 equivalent to submit GHG reports annually. In Europe, companies who want to participate in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme are also required to measure their stack gas CO2 to obtain carbon credits. With members in the U.S. and Canada, the Western Climate Initiative also requires stack gas CO2 testing as part of its reporting protocol. Other organizations requiring stack gas CO2 testing include The Climate Registry and the California Air Resources Board (AB32). A summary of current regulations listed in our website is found here. ISO/IEC 17025:2017-accredited Beta Analytic accepts stack gas CO2 or solid fuels for ASTM D6866 testing. Flexibility of applicable samples is inherent in the standard. The lab also accepts gas samples stored in absorbent cartridges. Because the method involves converting samples into CO2 then to graphite, samples for ASTM D6866 analysis can be solids, liquids, or in gaseous form. More information on ASTM D6866 and its result interpretation are found here.

For Women’s History Month, Atlas Obscura delves into the world of espionage, where being overlooked and underestimated has been an asset for centuries of women spies. Read about more of history’s hidden Secret Agent Women. Pedro Herrera awoke each morning before dawn in a military camp in northern Mexico to dress and shave a beard that was “just starting to grow out,” as Herrera reportedly told the other soldiers. The 20-something was a respected figure in the revolutionary unit, a natural leader with a skill for blowing up bridges and an unquestioned reputation for fearlessness. Herrera was also deep undercover. Pedro Herrera’s real name was Petra Herrera, and she had infiltrated Pancho Villa’s División del Norte in 1913 in disguise. But she was not a spy—not yet—she was just a woman who wanted to fight with a rebel army reluctant to welcome female soldiers in its ranks. Little is known about Herrera’s life before she joined the fight, but she was unwilling to remain anonymous as the Mexican Revolution wore on. Once she had been accepted by the men, she revealed her secret, unfurling long braids that would become her trademark, and reportedly shouting out her identity: “I am a woman.” As she must have hoped, Herrera’s revelation did not change things, at least at first. In January 1914, the Mexican Herald reported, “Rebel leaders here were pleased to receive the first report from Peda [sic] Herrera, a young Mexican woman who is commanding a force of 200 men in the state of Durango. She holds the rank of captain in the rebel army.” Herrera was also part of Villa’s force in the Second Battle of Torreón in the spring of that year—at least according to oral history. Her name does not appear in the official records of the fight, but another soldier reported Herrera “was the one who took Torreón.” Corridos were written about her exploits: “The valiant Petra Herrera / To battle she entered / Always being the first / To start the exchange of fire.” The last stanza of the ballad proclaims, “Long live Petra Herrera.” And Herrera was not alone. There were an estimated 400 women who participated in the Second Battle of Torreón. “Perhaps Villa was unwilling to let it be known that women played such an important part in the battle,” writes Elizabeth Salas in Soldaderas in the Mexican Military. “It is possible that lack of acknowledgment and failure to be promoted to a generalship motivated Herrera to form an independent brigade of female soldiers.” Estimates of the size of her unit ranged wildly, from 25 to 1,000, and may have varied with the conditions of the war. Through it all, Herrera’s fame only grew. But none of it was enough to earn her the title of general. Around 1917, when fighting lessened, Herrera—who now pledged her allegiance to Venustiano Carranza, once an ally of Villa’s but by then an opponent, and who would become the country’s new president in 1917—was made colonel before she and the rest of her female soldiers were dismissed, “because it was an army of women,” one observer said. So Herrera went undercover again. This time she served as a spy for the same Carrancistas who had disbanded her unit. The wartime leader was playing the role of a nondescript waitress at a cantina in Jiménez; Chihuahua had long been a Villa stronghold and Herrera’s former ally still held sway among some there. From her place behind the bar, Herrera quietly collected intelligence. Some time later—the exact date is not recorded—Herrera was confronted by a group of men in the bar. Had someone recognized her long braids and remembered her acts on the battlefield and her shifting loyalties? No one knows what caused one of the men to produce a pistol and shoot her three times. The doctor who fought to save her life believed they had a vendetta against her and would return to kill her if she survived. But Herrera died of her wounds. Her doctor blamed her passing on both an infection and—quite inexplicably, given Herrera’s years of brave service—a fear of her attackers.

Soil-borne pathogens cause great crop losses in agriculture. Because of their resilience in the soil, these pathogens persist in a population reservoir, causing future outbreaks of crop diseases. Management focus is usually on the most common pathogens occurring, but it is likely that a mixed population of pathogens together affect crops. Next generation sequencing of DNA from environmental samples can provide information on the presence of potential pathogens. The aim of this study was to obtain insight into the factors that drive the composition of potential plant pathogen populations in agricultural soils. To this end, the alpha and beta diversity of fungal OTUs that were assigned as potential plant pathogens for 42 agricultural soils were assessed. The presented study is the first inventory of the pool of pathogens and its correlating factors. The results of this inventory indicate that the composition of pathogens in soil is driven by pH, soil type, crop history, litter saprotrophic fungi and spatial patterns. The major driving factors differed between potential root- and shoot-infecting fungi, suggesting interactions among environmental factors and pathogen traits like reproduction, survival and dispersal. This information is important to understand risks for disease outbreaks and to recommend management strategies to prevent such outbreaks.

Ever visited a welding place or gone near anybody doing welding? Well, we’d all verify the colorful light and creation of fumes once the individual is working. Welding could be a manner of joining two metals pieces obtaining a filter metal to be able to form a effective joint. As outlined above the 2010 process produces gases and smoke containing actual dangerous metal fumes and dangerous gases. It thus is obvious that people whose work involves welding needs to be careful when conducting welding What then is welding fumes? Fumes are really made up of some small , solid particles. Arc welding which is a kind of welding creates fumes when metal boils inside the tip within the electrode. The particles are really visible due to their quantity. Welding fumes contain the following metals incorporated. The majority are dangerous to the people even though some aren’t. Aluminum, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Tin, Titanium, Zinc and even more. Gases include Co2, Nitrogen Dioxide, Deadly deadly deadly carbon monoxide and even more. Factors affecting worker reference to welding fumes. Kind of welding process utilized by an worker. Using ventilation controls available Location in which the welding remains done i.e. in a enclosed area or outdoors because air. The bottom metal along with the filler metals which are used The welder work practices which are used The composition within the welding fishing fishing fishing rod How lengthy the foremost is uncovered for that gases or fumes The type of protection one uses Health connection between breathing welding fumes and gases. They might cause nose, eye, ear irritation at occasions dizzy spells and nausea. You have to leave the job place immediately when the above signs and symptoms are experienced. Prolonged reference to the gases and fumes can lead to lung damage and to the extremes can lead to cancer. Metals for example Co2, helium, argon can displace oxygen in mid-air and could eventually result in suffocation The easiest method to minimize the bond with welding fumes and gases. Training employees on the way to handle hazardous material. Workers should position themselves within the direction in which the fumes and gases are departing. This is often to prevent coping with inhale the fumes created The organization must provide protective put on for that worker. This might essentially make sure that worker is well covered when conducting the task You need to be knowledgeable about what the foremost is dealing with. Know about toxic chemicals so that you can prevent them. Be comfy physically by switching your body position frequently. Avoid welding on colored areas Keep the face within the welding plume Utilize the quickest welding methods Always cleanup after departing work. This is often to prevent taking home toxins which can be dangerous for your loved ones. It’s the responsibility within the worker to constantly make sure that all of the staff is safe. In situations in which the employee should do welding, It is essential that they ensure safety within the worker comes first. Around it’s the responsibility within the employer for safe working conditions, employees member should also ensure they take precaution while utilized in any welding areas.

Science education is ready for a reboot, the National Academy of Sciences announced last week. On Tuesday (July 19), the National Research Council, the working arm that carries out most NAS studies, unveiled the details of a new framework to serve as the foundation for K-12 science education in the United States. The outline, written by an 18-member committee made up primarily of top university science professors, is now being used to develop science education standards and, in the future, science curricula. The report “has the potential to bring about transformational changes in science education,” the National Science Teachers Association said in a statement in response to the report. “NSTA applauds the NRC for its outstanding work on this document,” added NSTA executive director Francis Eberle in the statement. Still, he noted, “much work lies ahead.” The report does not condemn current science education standards, however, which were... A draft of the new framework was released last summer for public comment, and over 2,000 individuals responded with feedback. In addition, 30 focus groups were held around the country by 24 organizations. The feedback was overall supportive, said Quinn. Concerns primarily addressed fields or topics that didn’t get much coverage, such as ocean science, which the committee did later emphasize more in the proposal, Quinn noted. The framework has three main goals that existing science education standards are “ill-equipped” to achieve, the authors write: To ensure that all students gain an appreciation of the beauty and wonder of science, the capacity to think critically about science-related issues, and the skills to pursue careers in science or engineering. “It’s not sufficient to look at science just as a body of knowledge. It has to also represent the practices of science and teach students to use science as a process to gain knowledge based upon observable evidence,” said Brett Moulding, director of the Utah Partnership for Effective Science Teaching and Learning and a member of the NRC committee. To achieve such goals, the framework focuses on three major changes to current K-12 science education: Four pillars: Under the new framework, science curricula will focus on four core disciplinary areas—the physical sciences; the life sciences; earth and space sciences; and engineering, technology and the applications of science. This format differs from the traditional separation of science education into distinct classes like physics, chemistry, biology and environmental sciences—a division that has been criticized for being “a mile-wide and an inch-deep.” “We want students to have an in-depth understanding of a smaller number of core ideas, rather than lots of disconnected details,” said Quinn. Crosscutting concepts: The proposed framework also identifies seven concepts to be repeatedly referenced across all four disciplinary areas, such as “cause and effect” and “stability and change.” If teachers use a common language of these concepts throughout a student’s primary school years, the concepts will become “familiar touchstones” that students will learn to recognize and connect common concepts in science. “Science education tends to be one subject at a time, without the connective tissue,” said Quinn. “Students need to build knowledge coherently over multiple years.” Pertinent practices: Finally, the committee recommends eight key practices that students should learn. These include defining problems, analyzing and interpreting data, and developing models, among others. Scientists constantly make models and diagrams to represent their ideas, said Quinn. “That is something we want students to also automatically do,” she noted. “That’s not common in classrooms today.” As with the concepts, the committee recommends these practices be interwoven throughout a curriculum and across the disciplinary areas. In the immediate future, the framework is being developed into educational standards by a nonprofit educational organization, Achieve, with the help of a more than 70-person writing committee, including many teachers and educators in states that have expressed an interest. The standards will be voluntary for states that choose to participate. Still, re-vamping science education is not a process that’s going to happen overnight, stressed Quinn. “There are many pieces to the system have to be aligned for this to work, from the standards to the classroom level.”

Oroville Dam in California has a major problem with a possible failure due to an unseasonable amount of rain and damage to it’s emergency spillway. Evacuations have been ordered for effected counties. The potential for major damage and loss of life exists if the area receives more heavy rain. This an emergency that geoengineering can help alleviate in the short term. Pros and cons of this technology set aside to get to the deeper question. Why isn’t this decades old technology being used to save lives or avert disaster? The answer may be obvious. This would call public attention to ongoing geoengineering programs by the U.S government. Leading to questions about the nature of the entire drought situation in California as a hole and the real capability and risks of geoengineering. Geoengineering in it’s many forms has been used for decades by governments and corporations around the world. Pieces of evidence and government documents on weather modification are numerous. Available through private websites and the government itself. Why wouldn’t this technology be used to avert a major disaster? Although it is not fully admitted by the United States. The capability exists to easily help the situation in California if more heavy rain is expected. Other nations openly admit some of their programs and ours. The Indian government issued a report stating that out of control geoengineering by the U.S. was ruining the planet. According to the India Times. China admittedly has a Weather Modification Office and engineered the weather for the 2008 Olympics games. Firing 1000 rockets with desiccating chemicals to make sure it did not rain for the ceremonies. Easily modifying the weather for national holidays using only 18 jets and 432 small rockets filled with myriad of different chemicals. Making sure it was a clear blue sky when the natural forecast was for rain. A Guardian Newspaper environment blogger witnessed this admitted geoengineering first hand in 2009 at the National Day Parade in Beijing. May sound familiar to other people witnessing unadmitted geoengineering. With small fleets of jetliners making passes high in sky releasing miles long plumes of chemicals behind them. Forming or dispersing cloud formations. But was it? By 5.30am, when I arrived at the media centre for the National Day parade, the skies had cleared sufficiently to be able to see a star. But there were still thick clusters of cloud and some mist. It might rain again, I thought. We were bussed to the press gallery outside the Forbidden City by about 7.20am. A band of cumulus lingered over the Great Hall of the People. They had darkened when I called a friend an hour later. Just before I rang off, I described the skies to him. “It might still rain on the parade, but I think the odds are now on their [the organisers’] side,” I said. Once the march started, I concentrated on that, but I recall being impressed by the unusual vividness of the sky on some of the images on the giant screens. Other colleagues told me they found it remarkable that the clouds seemed almost to be held back from the square, even though there were still some around the edges. By the time of the fly-past around 11am, the skies were clear until air force jets left behind lines of coloured smoke-trails. Now, six hours later, Beijing is still enjoying perfect conditions. What happened? According to Chinese Meterology News, there were four attacks on a bank of clouds that approached Tiananmen from the south-west between 7.30am and 9.05am. In total 432 rockets were fired to achieve the desired result. Xinhua news agency reports that the authorities also had the capacity to delay rainfall. “Only a handful countries in the world could organise such large-scale magic-like weather modification,” it quoted Cui Lianqing, a senior air force meteorologist as saying China could do this with precision back in 2008. Even making it snow in Beijing due to mild drought. The United States still can’t even muster an effort or even discuss the subject. What is going on? The public is being lied to at every turn about the current state of technology. Possibly because if the U.S. government admitted it could use geoengineering to help in this situation. Then it may come to the public’s attention that it has been going on for years with all the associated risks. Visit RaptormanReports for news science and history

Batavia, IL. As summer winds down and the tell-tale colors of autumn emerge, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory once again invites its neighbors to help harvest prairie flower seeds as part of its 20-year effort to restore one of the few tallgrass landscapes remaining in all of Illinois. The prairie harvest has become a popular fall tradition. It drew well over 400 eager volunteers last year, from scouts and nature enthusiasts to families and retirees. Fermilab staff teach the volunteers how to recognize certain prairie plants and how to clip the ripe flower heads for seeds. The harvested seeds will be collected in barrels for planting in newer prairies on the Fermilab site or for donating to prairie restoration projects around the Midwest. “The seed is used to enrich young prairie and help build diversity into the grasslands,” explained Bob Lootens, Fermilab’s prairie specialist. While the Roads and Grounds Department harvests the area mechanically, the machinery can’t gather as many of the specialized plants, especially those that thrive close to the ground. That makes the work of volunteers critical to the effort to restore the prairie. While Illinois is known as the “Prairie State,” very few healthy, functioning prairie ecosystems remain. Most of these native American grasslands disappeared as agricultural uses of the land spread. Efforts to restore the tallgrass prairie at Fermilab began in 1974, when Northeastern Illinois University biologist Dr. Robert Betz proposed to Fermilab’s founding director Robert Wilson a novel experiment: to recreate a prairie on a scale never attempted before. Fermilab, which now claims 1,100 acres of restored prairie, recently dedicated the 385-acre tract where the experiment began to Dr. Betz. This year’s harvests will take place on Saturday, September 26, and Saturday, October 24th, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Volunteers are welcome to spend as much or as little time as they wish. They should wear field clothing and gloves, and bring pruning shears and paper grocery bags. Refreshments will be provided. Anyone planning to bring a large group should contact the Roads and Grounds Department at (630) 840-3303. Road signs at Fermilab will indicate the location of the harvest site. In case of bad weather on the morning of the harvest, those interested in participating should call Fermilab’s switchboard at (630) 840-3000 to see if the harvest is canceled. For more information, call Fermilab’s Public Affairs Office at (630) 840-3351.

In just a 20-year span, from the 1870s to the 1890s, many Native American tribes lost their most important resource: the buffalo. Today, mostly treeless grasslands stretch as far as you can see to the horizon, but this large mammal is conspicuously absent. How did we go from millions of buffalo to less than 1,000 in just a generation? In Blood Memory: The Tragic Decline and Improbable Resurrection of the American Buffalo (Penguin Random House, $40), co-authors Dayton Duncan and Ken Burns address exactly that. The duo details a sobering look at how we almost lost America’s most iconic mammal through greed and other unfortunate aspects of human nature. It’s a fitting tribute to the buffalo, telling a compelling story from the time of Lewis & Clark’s 1804-1806 expedition to the animal’s near-extinction and almost-impossible recovery. It’s a raw, inspiring read, and ever more impactful in conjunction with Duncan and Burn’s accompanying PBS documentary, American Buffalo.

The report assesses compliance of soy production in the Amazon and Cerrado with key elements of Brazil’s Forest Code, which sets legal requirements for sustainable land use on farms. From 2025, the EU deforestation regulation will require traders to prove that imports of soy and other commodities were not grown on deforested land and that they comply with environmental laws in their countries of origin. Among many other requirements, the Forest Code establishes that a proportion of rural farms shall be set aside for the protection and sustainable use of natural resources (known as the ‘Legal Reserve’). This proportion varies from 20% to 80% depending on the biome and other factors. Landowners who do not preserve enough native vegetation can rectify their actions and become compliant via different regularisation and compensation mechanisms. As long as these limits are observed, the Forest Code allows some deforestation on private land, provided landowners first obtain a deforestation licence from a competent environmental agency. The study finds strong evidence that 16% (3 million hectares) of soy production in the Amazon and Cerrado in 2020 was on farms that did not comply with the Forest Code. These farms were linked to both non-authorised deforestation and a lack of native vegetation on the property as required by the Legal Reserve. Most of this soy was exported to China and the EU. An additional 18% (3.4 Mha) of soy production in these regions was on farms where there was evidence only of non-authorised deforestation, while a further 40% (7.6 Mha) was on farms with only a lack of native vegetation. In total, the report finds evidence of potential non-compliance for 74% (14 Mha) of soy produced in the Amazon and Cerrado in 2020. In contrast, 26% (5 Mha) of soy production was deemed to be compliant (see figure). Poor availability of official data The report is based on a comprehensive assessment of official data on deforestation licences for registered farms in all states in the Amazon and Cerrado in 2009–2020. This revealed that many states in these regions still lack publicly accessible information on deforestation licences and on Legal Reserve compensation mechanisms. This information is critical to enable soy buyers, lenders and investors, and regulators in importing markets to systematically verify compliance. “Official data on deforestation licensing and regularisation mechanisms could help clarify whether these farms were compliant, but that data isn’t available,” said André Vasconcelos, Global Engagement Lead at Trase. “That will become a problem for buyers or regulators who want to check that their soy imports comply with all relevant laws.” A poll taken at the report launch found that 60% of participants assumed it would be harder for businesses to demonstrate compliance with the EU regulation’s deforestation-free imports requirement than to prove compliance with environmental laws in producer countries. In reality, the report suggests that the opposite will be the case. “Most soy from the Cerrado and Amazon, 74%, would have trouble with this legality requirement,” Vasconcelos said. “But at the same time, over 95% of the soy is deforestation-free. So these problems with verification are creating a missed opportunity for Brazil’s soy sector. It’s like selling a car which is emissions-free, but which fails basic safety checks.” Improving implementation of the Forest Code Ana Paula Valdiones, Environmental Transparency Coordinator at ICV, said: “Brazil and the EU have an opportunity to collaborate to strengthen the implementation of Brazil’s Forest Code, which is crucial to the shared goal of environmental conservation.” The report recommends that the Brazilian government should strengthen and enforce the full implementation of the Forest Code, as well as ensure public availability of deforestation licences and of Legal Reserve compensation mechanisms. It should allocate more resources to investigate farms where there is evidence of non-compliance and embargo soy from these farms if the evidence is confirmed. The EU should support Brazil’s full implementation of the Forest Code to enable verification of compliance with the EU deforestation regulation. It also recommends that all soy trading companies should have effective mechanisms to monitor whether suppliers comply with national laws, and should request further information from their suppliers when evidence of non-compliance is detected. Traders should also suspend sourcing from non-compliant suppliers, and support programmes for producers to regain compliance. Banks and other financial service providers should require soy traders to demonstrate that they do not source soy from non-compliant farms in their due diligence processes. Listen to the webinar as a podcast: Is this soy legal? The Global Canopy podcast

the transition to sustainability The next generation of bio products Recycling bio-waste from sustainable forestry into renewable energy and bio chemicals The world must move quickly to reduce CO2 emissions. Coal is the single biggest source of CO2 emissions from energy and the single biggest source of electricity generation worldwide. Phasing out coal is key to reduce emissions, and clean energy alternatives is vital to secure energy supply. We produce pellets from sustainably sourced forest residuals (sawdust) that can replace coal with minimal conversion cost, and significantly reduce CO2 emissions. When we produce pellets, we also make bio-chemicals used in products such as bio-plastics, food flavoring, polymers, solvents and fish feed. Patented technology creating a pellet with similar characteristics to coal, giving a significant positive impact on logistics, storage, handling and utilization. Higher volumetric energy density and better durability than alternative products. Tested & verified at more than 12 power plants in Europe & North America. 1. The next generation of wood pellets Our Arbacore pellets have been specially developed to replace or mix with fossil fuel in coal-fired power plants. Arbacore is produced using a steam explosion process in which the wood fibers are broken down and lignin, the binding agent in wood, is released. A similar solution is torrefaction, making torrefied pellets. These process creates pellets that are brown, almost black, with a higher energy content and a film that makes them water-resistant. During pulverization, the particles become so fine that they are more similar to coal than the regular white pellets. ARBACORE IN TWO MINUTES Why is Arbacore a game changer for your plant and our planet? Watch the film and see for yourself.

Cybersecurity is a critical aspect of our digital lives, and as your trusted telecom regulator, we are dedicated to helping you stay safe in the ever-evolving digital landscape. The rise of technology has brought about many benefits, but it has also given rise to various forms of cybercrime that can affect individuals and communities alike. This page is designed to inform you about the types of cybercrime, provide essential tips to protect yourself and your community, and educate you on the risks and pitfalls you should avoid. Types of cybercrimes 1. PhishingPhishing attacks involve tricking individuals into revealing personal or sensitive information, usually through fraudulent emails or websites. These scams can appear as legitimate requests from trusted organizations, so always verify the source before sharing any personal information. 2. RansomwareRansomware attacks lock you out of your own devices or data until a ransom is paid to the cybercriminals. Protect your data by regularly backing it up and keeping your software up to date to minimize vulnerabilities. 3. Identity TheftCybercriminals can steal your personal information to commit fraud, apply for loans, or engage in criminal activities. Protect your identity by using strong, unique passwords and enabling two-factor authentication where possible. 4. MalwareMalicious software can infect your devices and steal your data or disrupt your operations. Be cautious of suspicious downloads, email attachments, and links from unknown sources. 5. Social EngineeringSocial engineering is a deceptive technique used by cybercriminals to manipulate individuals into revealing sensitive information. They often use psychological manipulation to trick you. Be cautious when someone: — Asks for personal or financial information via email or phone calls. — Pretends to be a trusted entity to gain your trust. — Urges you to take immediate action or make hasty decisions. Tips on how to protect yourself 1. Use strong passwords:Create complex, unique passwords for your accounts and change them regularly. 2. Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA):Turn on 2FA wherever possible for an extra layer of security. 3. Keep software updated:Regularly update your operating systems and software to patch vulnerabilities. 4. Back up your data:Create backups of important data to prevent data loss in case of a cyberattack. 5. Be cautious with emails:Verify the sender's authenticity before clicking on links or downloading attachments in emails. 6. Use reputable security software:Install reputable antivirus and anti-malware software to protect your devices. 7. Educate yourself:Stay informed about the latest cyber threats and scams to recognize and avoid them. Risks to watch out forCybercrimes can have severe consequences, including financial loss, identity theft, emotional distress, and damage to your reputation. By taking proactive measures to protect yourself and your community, you can significantly reduce these risks. What not to do: — Do not share personal information: Avoid sharing sensitive personal or financial details with anyone you don't trust completely. — Do not click on suspicious links: Be wary of unsolicited emails or messages with dubious links. — Do not download from untrusted sources: Only download software and apps from reputable websites. — Do not trust unsolicited communication: Verify the authenticity of any communication before taking any action. Staying safe in the digital world requires vigilance and knowledge. Bureau Telecommunications and Post is committed to helping you protect yourself and your community from cyber threats. By following the advice on this page, you can contribute to a safer digital society. Stay safe, stay informed, and stay connected responsibly!

Climate change affects us all. The problems associated with climate change are not confined to one country. Nor can they be tackled in isolation. The UK has played an important historical role in supporting the Paris Climate Agreement. It has also shown leadership through its pledge to phase out coal power stations. But concerns are mounting that the UK has de-prioritised climate action through unnecessary delays in implementing domestic programmes, and for falling short of its own targets. The Climate Change Committee warned in 2016 that the UK lacks the policies to meet its carbon reduction targets. This area of work exemplifies our belief that positive action by the UK to address and tackle climate change can lead to a stronger UN and that this in turn creates a better world. UNA-UK's work on climate change forms part of our "Keeping Britain Global" campaign calling for a firm commitment to multilateralism to address global challenges. - Write to your MP: MPs depend on their constituents to inform them about what issues are most important to them. Write to your MP to convey your concern Ask them why there is no longer a minsiter for climate change Ask them if they think the UK is on track to meet its carbon reduction policies, and what more could be done - Meet your MP: Talking to your MP in person is a powerful way to show you care. Meeting face-to-face allows you to engage directly with them - Hold an event: Local events matter and are a powerful way to bring people together with a common concern and connect with your MP - The UN's top tips for acting on climate change Here are some of UNA-UK's latest news and publications on climate change to get you started:

The Vampire was designed towards the end of World War 2 but entered service too late to see active duty. The first prototype was flown on 20th September 1943. This early aircraft had limited thrust being provided by a single DGH goblin jet engine. The design was distinctive with a twin boom tail with a tail plane above the exhaust. The body was mainly wood with unswept metal wings carrying fuel, being one of the first fighters without a propeller it used a tricycle landing gear system which was unusual in the 1940s In 1946 the mk1 Vampire entered RAF service as an interceptor, it was a simple design but the Mk 1 lacked range having a combat radius of aboutr320miles (515km), the Mk 3 introduced a bigger fuel tank and the option for under wing drop tanks increasing the range to 550miles (885km). The main version was the Mk 5 a fighter bomber which had shorter wings and came into service in 1949. A Mk 9 was designed for use in tropical conditions and had cabin air conditioning and a refrigeration unit. The vampire quickly became outdated by post war jet fighters but its low cost and simple design proved popular in the developing world with the D.H 115 Dual seat trainer serving with 21 air forces around the world. A wide variety were produced many under license, including a 2 seat night fighter, a hook nosed naval version, some with Rolls Royce Nene engines. Some Vampires were still in service in the 1980s with Zimbabwe and South African Air Forces and represented 40 year old jet fighter technology. Weapons; four 20mm cannon and normally x2 500lb bombs, and x8 60lb (76mm) unguided rockets. Max Speed; 861km/h (535mph) Range; 1883km (1,170 miles)

The angry temperature on social media has been increasing year over year. If you find yourself reading social media posts that are angrier, on the attack, or spreading misinformation and disinformation, you’re not alone. In fact, what you’re feeling is supported by studies that show there is an increase in negative emotions on social media, including anger. So, why are people demonstrating greater anger and other emotional outbursts online? REASONS FOR BEING ANGRY There can be several reasons for the display of on-line anger and other negative emotional outbursts towards others that range from being manipulated by social media, learned social behaviour, envy, and personal self and life challenges. ANGRY BEHAVIOUR REWARDED A study from Yale University that was published in the “Science Advances” journal, suggests that “online networks encourage us to express more moral outrage because it gets more likes than other interactions”. An increase in interactions translates into profits for the social media company as it converts usage into advertising income. The angry user becomes a pawn for the online social media company, as encouragement reinforces the angry behaviour, and the behaviour continues to grow and spread among other users. ENVY OF OTHERS Another study by Statistics Canada showed that, “around one in eight users (12% to 14%) reported feeling anxious or depressed, frustrated, or angry, or envious of the lives of others. These types of posts can be found in political threads as people blame different political leaders and their political parties for their current life situation. The anger is often directed at both the leader and any supporters of that leader. Sometimes the envy or jealousy is aimed at a professionals who have a higher education, make more money, or are in an employment position the angry person knows they have not achieved and perhaps never will. LOW SELF ESTEEM FEEDS YOUR ANGRY Social media platforms also provide anonymity and a virtual barrier, making it easier to poke someone without any physical or other real retaliations. Anonymity and fear minimization gives those with low self-esteem, low self-confidence, or even a lack of understanding in human behaviour, power they might not otherwise feel they have. A platform like X (Twitter) is a tool that allows them to use their voice to be obnoxious or rude, making themselves feel powerful and strong. While they may garner a boost from others behaving the same way, it does little to help improve their overall self-esteem in any long-term manner. Sometimes the angry behaviour is simply learned. This can be something that translated from the home environment or even early exposure to other like-minded people who gained likes and followers from using harsh words as their norm in online engagements. Over time, the behaviour has become internalized, and they often continue to respond in the same manner when they feel enraged by situations beyond their control, comprehension, or willingness to separate fact from misinformation and disinformation. MISINFORMATION & DISINFORMATION There is a difference between misinformation and disinformation, both of which can be the cause and effect of angry behaviour. Misinformation is when “false information is unknowingly distributed”. Disinformation is “when a person knows that the information, they are sharing isn’t factual at all, but still decides to share, post, and promote it.” (Is Your Opinion Supporting Misinformation or Disinformation?). There are several reasons people may spread misinformation or disinformation. Social Media provides an environment where people may develop their beliefs from the testimony of others, who they develop a trust relationship based on like-minded behaviours. Sometimes the ideas that are spread through on-line social learning are simply, wrong, but based on those perceived trust relationships, the information continues to be shared. Social Media platforms also reward users for sharing information. Users who share more and share content that attracts attention tend to increase their social media footprint. Users then continue to share misinformation or disinformation because they are conditioned to perceive the reward to be greater to them personally than the harm it may cause to others. LOW MEDIA LITERACY A 2018 study showed that “most young people don’t have a good understanding of what constitutes fake news vs real news,” and that they “have trouble critically thinking about media and judging its credibility, especially online.” That group that was demonstrating low media literacy is now five years older. They have had five years to further influence the next generation of online users as they continue to spread misinformation and disinformation, depending on their socio-economic situation. PARTISANSHIP & IDENTITY Leaning further towards disinformation is the idea that people demonstrate partisanship which is prejudice in favour of a cause or belief they may have, sometimes through motivated reasoning, or even distrust of institutions (including traditional media). Their confirmation bias, which is the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of their existing beliefs or theories, further solidifies their partisanship and identity. CO-EXISTING WITH THE ANGRY The reasons for demonstrating angry behaviour coupled with those elements that fuel misinformation and disinformation can and have created a new standard on social media that is interpreted as “freedom of speech”, or as a set of “facts” that are truer than the facts of others who don’t share the same view therefore making those facts false. While there are strategies to try and have meaningful, factual exchanges, like: focusing on the point of the argument, keeping the exchange simple, not introducing new topics or changing the focus, avoiding name calling and other shaming, and providing real defensible evidence, there must be a willingness from both parties to achieve a fair exchange. Those fair exchanges seem fewer as the anger temperature rises. Example: Distrust & Off Topic Attacks In a recent post one user wrote, “It made Breakfast TV”? That’s a yardstick of credibility now? You sound vaccinated.” In the same thread, someone else writes, “I’m sure all seven viewers were suitably horrified.” You can see how this post first tried to discredit the news station and then attacked the individual for something totally unrelated to the actual topic. The second post tries to devalue the news station based on their interpretation of how many people even watch the show. Example: Evidence Fitting In another post, someone writes “I saw the video. Not true. Poilievre seems solid”. This was in reference to Canadian Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre berating a Canadian Press journalist about his own error in quoting media sources during the car explosion incident at the Niagara Falls border. It’s a great example of how they were interpreting evidence to fit their own narrative. Someone else writes, “He got that information from government sponsored media. Maybe fix sponsoring the liars at CTV, CBC, Global and all the rest of the absolute disgraces.” Again, there is an attack on traditional media accusing them and the government of working together to trick the larger population. The idea that all these news agencies and the government, the same organizations that they also accuse of not being able to do simple tasks, are able to have this massive relationship and multi-story coverup makes it all nonsensical to anyone willing to step outside of the angry view. WHO ARE YOU ONLINE AND WHY? There is no shortage of online examples demonstrating anger, misinformation, and disinformation. What you do with this information, depending on who you are online can make a difference in your life and that of future generations. If current online behaviour is any indication, this short article won’t change your mind if you see yourself in any of these examples. In fact, you’re likely to double-down and accuse the article itself of being partisan, having an agenda, taking money from the government, and all sorts of other conspiracy theories that fit your mood or narrative. Or maybe you hear the bells and will re-think your social engagements. Finding ways to have meaningful, factual, peaceful conversations that stay on-topic would be a great new year’s resolution, at any time of year. This is an opinion article by Guido Piraino of The Monthly Social Podcast. It may also be heard on The Path Radio Mix Online. You can read other opinion articles on the blog page. You may also enjoy video content of The Monthly Social Podcast on YouTube or The Path Radio Mix on YouTube. For sports content, please consider The Coach's Call YouTube Podcast. - Is Your Opinion Supporting Misinformation or Disinformation? - Studies show lack of media literacy in students has negative impact - The Daily Universe (byu.edu) - Social media making us angrier, study reveals - CORDIS - Canadians’ assessments of social media in their lives - Statistics Canada - Why Social Media Makes Us Angrier—and More Extreme - Social Media and Stress | Pew Research Center

Pollination system and hybridisation of Tabernanthe iboga: successful crossing of two forms with different fruit morphology. Tabernanthe iboga (family Apocynaceae) is native to Western Africa; Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic,… Plant mutation breeding applies to the use of either chemical mutagens (colchicine, oryzalin, etc) or ionising radiation (gamma or x-ray) to induce mutations (both beneficial and also deleterious) in seeds or other propagation material such as budwood or seedlings. The aim of mutation breeding is to rapidly acquire beneficial changes in the genome, changes in ploidy (polyploidy, increasing the number of chromosomes), increased alkaloid content, plant vigour, plant height, dwarfing, biomass yield, or seedless varieties in Citrus for example. Compared with acclimatisation, hybridisation or selection, mutation breeding can bring about rapid, as well as interesting, changes to the target species. Mutagenesis does not always occur easily, or can greatly affect a particular species. The amount of radiation, measured in grays (Gy), required to induce mutagenesis varies greatly. One gray (Gy) is the international system of units (SI) equivalent of 100 rads, which is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 Joule/kilogram. An absorbed dose of 0.01 Gy means that 1 gram of material absorbed 100 ergs of energy (an erg is one-ten-millionth of a joule) from NRC.gov. High doses of gamma radiation can have negative effects on different vital processes and growth characters with different species. Getting the dose right takes some experimentation and research into previous papers. Trichocereus are very popular cacti among collectors and enthusiasts, for their horticultural and medicinal potential. I couldn’t find any particular studies or papers focusing on the mutation breeding of Trichocereus, so I thought this was a worthy project to look into. Many years ago my ex-partner and I used oryzalin to try and induce polyploidy in a few species, some of these were Trichocereus seedlings. Several survived and over the years they became mixed in with my collection and I lost track on them. I still think I know which ones they are and would like to get them tested one day to see if any changes occurred. Thinking about using chemicals again for mutagenesis wasn’t appealing to me, so I looked into gamma irradiation, which can have good results and is less dangerous for the breeder. Working out doses to use was guesswork at best, but after researching papers I settled on three treatments for the seeds and three for small (2.5cm tall) seedlings. For the trials I used several lots of hybrid seeds and seedlings, which included HB02 x HB01 seeds and HB07 (open pollinated ‘OP’) seedlings. I also treated a T. peruvianus ‘Huarimayo monstrose‘ reverted cutting. Seeds were treated at 100, 150 and 200gGy. Seedlings (being more susceptible to radiation) were treated at 20, 40 and 60Gy. The material was sent way to a research facility for treatment. I potted the seedlings up on arrival back here and sowed the treated seeds as per normal, using the takeaway tek. For the seeds it was clear that all of these doses were most likely too small. Normally you would look for reduced viability with increased radiation exposure. Seeds are more highly resistant to the effects of gamma irradiation, compared to seedlings. I can detect no observable changes in expression of the genome of seedlings grown from gamma treated seeds at these levels (so far). For further experiments with Trichocereus seeds, I would look at 250, 350, 450, 550 and up to 1000Gy treatments to work out the best dose. The Trichocereus ‘HB07 OP‘ seedlings were a better success story. Many died and I am now left with 7 cacti that are growing very well, after initially struggling. None survived the 60Gy treatment, and only one survived the 40Gy treatment. All the rest were 20Gy treated. I would suggest further experiments using 20-40Gy doses. The roots are particularly affected by the radiation and it may be better to use small (~10cm) tip cuttings to avoid this, which displays as die off of the roots. It would also be advantageous to use the same clone so that you can observe changes more easily. The Huarimayo developed a patch of variegation after being treated, pictured below. After a few set backs and slow growth rates initially, all seven cacti are now growing very well. In the coming years I will be reducing the number of cacti in my collection to focus on a smaller number of elite lines that show advantageous growth in our subtropical climate, better disease resistance, and are of more use medicinally in the future as the benefits of psychoactive plants are scientifically validated and utilised in modern medicine applications. These gamma irradiated Trichocereus will become a new line I will multiply, under the names HBG1 – HBG7 (if they perform well and survive!). I hope this encourages further experimentation with plant mutation breeding among Trichocereus cacti and other psychoactive plant species, as a viable method to induce beneficial changes. Feel free to get in touch or leave a comment if you have a question.

Daylilies are a summer-time favorite that will thrive with very little care, and this includes its watering needs. Once established, Daylilies are hardy, drought-tolerant plants that will grow and fill in a garden bed or hillside in a few years. How To Tell If Daylilies Need Watered Established Daylily plants do not need to be watered under normal conditions. In the event of a drought or extended dry spell, the plants may need to be watered. Water your Daylilies if the stems or leaves are drooping or wilting. How Often To Water Daylilies Daylilies need to be watered daily for the first week or two after being planted. Daylilies need to be watered once or twice a week for the remainder of the first growing season. Routine watering, in the beginning, will help the plant settle in. Established Daylilies generally do not need to be watered. These flowering plants are drought-tolerant, and unless the weather is very dry, it is not necessary to water Daylilies. Plants grown in containers typically dry out more quickly, so if grown in a pot, expect to water your Daylilies when the soil is dry to the touch. Best Time To Water Daylilies Try to water Daylilies during the morning, or at least before the sun starts to beat down. Daylilies prefer bright sunlight, which can dry out the plants and the soil, so giving your Daylilies a nice long drink before the day heats up will ensure they are hydrated and able to take on the peak heat of the day. It’s unnecessary to water Daylilies once the greenery dies back and the plant is not actively growing. How to Water Daylilies Step 1 - Check the soil. Newly planted Daylilies need water, but they do not like too much water. Make sure the soil is dry before watering. The plants do not need water if the ground is wet. Step 2 - Water the soil at the base of the plant. Saturate the soil around the plant to ensure the root ball is thoroughly wet. Step 3 - Monitor the plants. Keep an eye on the Daylilies to ensure the plants are not wilting or showing signs of drying out between watering. Daylily Watering Tips - Check the soil to make sure it is dry before watering. - Saturate the soil, so the root ball is drenched. - Daylilies grown in partial shade may not need water as often. - When possible, water early in the day so the soil is saturated before the sun and heat dries it out. This page contains affiliate links to products on Amazon. We may receive a commission for purchases made through these links. Author Alison Cotsonas - Published 12-09-2021

Eight stations of the waste collection sites in Port Harcourt city were sampled for a period of one year to determine the level of inorganic chemicals and microbial contaminants in the environment. Temperature ranged from 24.5 to 28°C while pH values recorded between 3.3 to 7.3. Organic matter content recorded 2.03%, which was found to be conducive for chelate formation as well as exchange infiltration of surface water to cause flooding. The mean textural class for the soils was predominantly sandy loam. The values for the metal concentrations in the soils revealed that they were above recommended permissible limits in all the stations high enough to cause severe pollution to the environment. Thus, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms especially the fecal coliforms and fungi species in the boreholes from the various stations is a major concern for consumers because of their effect on the health of the populace. Adequate treatment of waste is required before discharge into the environment. PDF Abstract XML References Citation How to cite this article Port Harcourt city was one of the neatest cities in Nigeria due to the absence of open ground storage of refuse and presence of aesthetic vegetation around the city. But presently the indiscriminate dumping of refuse (industrial, commercial and household) by roadsides and gutters is a very common practice. In the early 1980s, the collection system for municipal refuse in the city employed the use of roll-off containers. This involves the placement of steel containers strategically throughout the city, to which residents must deliver refuse (Isirimah, 2002). This system reduced illegal refuse dumping and does not pollute the soil and ultimately groundwater. Presently refuse are stored on the ground at residential areas, commercial sites and street corners. Government authorizes some of these storage grounds as collection points while most are illegal acquired by members of the public. However, the quality of groundwater is a function of natural processes as well as anthropogenic activities (Sajjad et al., 1998). It has also been unequivocally demonstrated that water of good quality is crucial to sustainable socio-economic development (Krantz and Kifferstein, 2005). Contamination of drinking water supplies is a result of various types of industrial processes and disposal practices. As the population of Port Harcourt city continues to rise, human activities including soil fertility remediation, indiscriminate refuse and waste disposal and the use of septic tanks, soak away pits and pit latrines are on the increase. These activities are capable of producing leachates into the groundwater formation that serve as source of water to the inhabitants of the city. However, the quality of water may be described in terms of the concentration and state (dissolved or particulate) of some or all of the inorganic and organic material present in the water together with certain physical characteristics of the water (NSWQC, 1994). The physicochemical properties also cause the development of colours, bad odour and eutrophication and reduction of sunlight through water, consequently affecting aesthetic quality of water. The heavy and trace metal present in polluted water enter into human body through food chain and may cause adverse effects (Stein et al., 1990; Erah et al., 2002). Also, the consumption of bacterial infected water and water contaminated by some metals has dare consequences on the health of the consumers. For example in 1989, tens of millions of people were believed to be drinking arsenic- rich water in West Bengal, India and Bangladesh with as many as 200,000 people in West Bengal estimated to have been poisoned (Jacobson, 1998). The incidence of groundwater contamination by high levels of inorganic chemicals in the groundwater also been reported in Benin City, Nigeria (Erah et al., 2002). The main purpose of this study therefore is to investigate whether the levels of inorganic chemicals and microbial contaminants from the various collection sites for solid waste disposal in Port Harcourt city are sufficient enough to affect the quality of the ground water resources as well as the health of the inhabitants of the city. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample area: Information on refuse collection points in Port Harcourt city were obtained from the Rivers State Environmental Sanitation Authority (RSESA). According to RSESA (2005), Port Harcourt city and its environs are divided into 14 zones (Table 1) for the purpose of refuse evacuation. In this study only 8 zones were randomly selected as sample collection points based on the following criteria: |The collection point should have been in use for at least 10 years; |There should be a few water boreholes which have also been in use for at least 10 years within the proximity of the collection point |The water boreholes where water samples would be collected from should be located South-East of a collection point under investigation (this is because the direction of groundwater flow in Port Harcourt is North-East( Rivers State Water Board,1990). |Study sites are located in areas where other sources of contamination to ground water are negligible. The location sites are as follows: |Mile 1 Market, Diobu |Elechi Street, Mile 3 |Harold Wilson Drive, Borikiri |Garri Market, Moore house Street |.New layout Market |Behind Ibru Fishes, D/Line |Aggrey Road by Police Childrens School. Sample collection: The water samples from the 8 collection points in the city were obtained from boreholes for water quality assessment. The sites for sample collection were within the Port Harcourt city. Each site was visited once a week and triplicate samples were collected from various parts of the system from the points during one-year period from November 2004 to November 2005. Samples were collected in screw-capped bottles and placed in a cooler for transportation. Once samples were collected they were immediately taken to the IPS Laboratory, RSUST Port Harcourt, Nigeria for analysis. For the soil samples with the use of a spade and hand auger, 2 g soil samples were taken from depths of 0-15 cm and 105-120 cm in polyethylene bags within the perimeter of each refuse collection point (Isirimah, 2002) . For the control, soil samples were collected from an area remote at least 25 m away and upslope from each refuse collection point (Baker et al., 2004). Determination of physico-chemical parameters: Average value of three replicates was taken for each determination. Temperature, pH were taken immediately after collection of both water and soil samples. Phosphorous and organic carbon contents were determined by titration methods approved by UNEP/WHO (1987) and APHA (1998). Also particles size of each soil sample was analyzed to study the movement of these organics through the soil profile. Determination of concentrations of metals: The levels of various metals in soil samples collected from 0-15 cm and 105-120 cm depths were analyzed. The concentration of Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium were determined using the method of Udo (1986). Two grams of air-dried soil sieved with 2 mm mesh were then weighed into 150 mL beaker. To this were added 20 mL of concentrated HN03 and 15 mL HCl04 after the solution has been allowed to stand for 1 h. The mixture was then digested on a hot plate until it turned to white. The residue was dissolved in dilute HCl and filtered. Percentage absorbance and transmittance were determined by using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Analyst 300, Perkin Elmer) (Hussein et al., 2004) at a wavelength of 660 nm. In determining the quality of groundwater, World Health Organization permissible limits (Guidelines for Drinking Water, 1998) were applied. Microbiological analysis: The presence of various species of bacteria and fungi in the soil and water samples collected from the zones were evaluated using standard procedures (APHA, 1998; Cheesbrough, 1991; Hutton, 1983; Paul and Clark, 1988). Briefly, each water sample was vigorously shaken and 0.1 mL aseptically withdrawn and spread on each previously prepared Nutrient agar (NA), Blood Agar (BA) and Saborauds dextrose agar (SDA) plates, in duplicates. |Refuse collection points in port harcourt and environs The mixture was evenly spread on the medium. The agar plates were incubated at ambient temperature of 25-27°C for 48 h (NA Plates) or at 37°C for 24 h (NA plates) or 72 h (BA plates) and at 28°C for 5-7 days (SDA Plates). Bacterial isolates were identified in accordance with the schemes of Baron and Sydney (1990) and the Bergys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (Holt et al., 1994) while the fungi were identified using the needle mount method of Cheesbrough (1991) to observe the reproductive structures. Final identification of isolates was done by comparing the results of the cultural and morphological characteristics with those of known taxa (Baron and Sydney, 1990; Olds, 1983). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Physico-chemical parameters: Temperature of soils at various depths within the waste collection sites ranged from 24.5 to 28 (Table 2). Increase in temperature above permissible limits can lead to decrease in the dissolved oxygen level while increasing the biological oxygen demand of organisms in that soil region. The pH values recorded ranged between 3.3 to 7.3. Weiss (1974) and Bonarius (1975) recognized that strongly alkaline and strongly acid soils are unsuitable for waste dumpsites. The soils of the Club Road (Station 3) were extremely acidic with mean pH of 3.3 and 3.6. At such levels there tends to be an increased micronutrient solubility and mobility as well as increased heavy metal concentration in the soil (Kumar, 1987) thus rendering them unsuitable for waste dumpsites. A high level of organic matter (2.03%) was found to be conducive for heavy metal chelate formation, increased exchange capabilities as well as increased infiltration of surface water to avoid surface flooding (Ekundayo and Fagbami, 1996; Ekundayo, 2003). The mean textural class for the soils at the various stations was predominantly sandy loam. Excessive and low sand fractions (>70% and <40%) as observed in stations 1,2,3,5,6,7 and 8 soils make the soils non-suitable for waste dump sites in Port Harcourt city (Loughry, 1973) since they are rapidly permeable and could allow large quantities of leachates from the decomposed waste to invade the groundwater table. When a landfill area is underlain by gravel, there is extreme hazard of pollutants being carried down to the underground water. Sand has a high percolation rate but does not provide sufficient protection against grounds water pollution. Similarly, most of the stations did not meet textural requirement for waste collection sites/depots since they contain mean clay fraction greater than 31%. High clay concentration (>31%) encourages surface water flooding and pollution (Ekundayo, 2003). Surface water that infiltrates the soil cover increases the rate of waste decomposition and eventually causes a leachate to leave the solid waste and create pollution problems (Ekundayo and Fodeke, 2000). |Physico-chemical characteristics of the waste collection sites in Port Harcourt City |Key: SL = Sandy Loam, SCL = Sandy clay loam, SC = Sandy clay |Concentrations (mg l-1) of metals in selected refuse collection points/sites in Port Harcourt City |Permissible limits (WHO, 1998); ND-Not detected For cover materials, soils with very friable and friable consistence are good; soils with loose and firm consistence are fair while soils with extremely firm consistence are poor (Loughry, 1973). Good soil texture for cover materials includes sandy loam silt loam and sandy clay loam. Concentration of metals: Results obtained in this study revealed that concentration of toxic metals in the soil samples were above recommended permissible limits in all the stations (Table 3). This indicates that leachate from the decomposed waste carries high concentration of toxic inorganic contaminants that can cause severe pollution of the soils. The higher concentration of these toxic metals can also be mixed up with ground water after leaching and may cause a number of water borne diseases. Therefore it is suggested that the treatment of waste materials to remove or minimize pollution before disposal into the environment is important and ensures safety of the populace. This is because poorly suited soils may cause irreparable damage to land and water resources. Hence sand and silt mixed in proportion would be a more acceptable soil system for waste treatment (Kumar, 1987). The quality of water may be described in terms of the concentration and state (dissolved or particulate) of some or all of the organic and inorganic materials present in the water, together with certain physical characteristics of the water (NSWQC, 1994). Therefore, toxic chemicals in drinking water may cause either acute or chronic health effects. Acute effects such as nausea, lung irritation, skin rash, vomiting, and dizziness and in the extreme, death usually follow large doses of chemicals and occur almost immediately. Chronic effects like cancer, birth defects, organ damage, disorder of nervous system and damage to the immune system are usually common (Erah et al., 2002). Although the result of this study indicates that the presence of concentrations of metals contaminants in the water samples are below permissible limits, it cannot be assumed that the water resources within the waste collection sites are portable enough because even at low concentrations metal can be detrimental to health and also imparts an undesirable taste to drinking water. It is unlikely too that the situation in most other areas of the city will be significantly different as the living standards and activities are similar in most parts of the city which is under lain by the same formation. Microbial contaminants: According to Erah et al. (2002) the presence of certain microorganisms is often undesirable in any drinking water. When microorganisms are present in water, cycles of growth and decay of the cellular materials of the microorganisms may result in the production of by-products, which may adversely affect the quality of the water supply. This is also true regarding the growth cycles of other non-pathogenic bacteria and harmless microorganisms (Rhode and Hartmann, 1980). Most drinking waters from boreholes in most parts of Port Harcourt city are unlikely to be treated in any way before they are ingested. Thus the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus, E.coli; Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Chromobacterium, Proteus and Serratia species and fungi in the different boreholes from different stations is a major concern for consumer because of the effect of the microorganisms on the health of the consumers. Coliforms are a group of bacteria with common characteristics used to indicate unacceptable water quality. Within the total coliform group, E. coli bacteria are specifically used to indicate fecal contamination (Erah et al., 2002). In Port Harcourt city, public boreholes are sited without proper geological surveys. Indiscriminate refuse and waste disposal and location of septic tanks soak-away pits and pit latrines in living surroundings especially Diobu area is common. These activities could account for the presence of fecal bacteria in the borehole waters. - APHA, AWWA and WEF., 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edn., American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 9780875532356, Pages: 1220. - Baron, E.J. and S.M. Finegold, 1990. Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology. 8th Edn., CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, USA., pp: 286-402, 435-438. - Ekundayo, E.O. and V.O. Fodeke, 2000. Microbial densities and Physico-chemical qualities of some crude oil flow stations saver pit effluents in the Niger Delta Basin of Sourthern Nigeria. Environ. Monitor. Assess., 65: 523-530. - Erah, P.O., C.N. Akujieze and G.E. Oteze, 2002. The quality of groundwater in Benin City: A baseline study on inorganic chemicals and microbial contaminants of health importance in boreholes and open wells. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 1: 75-82. - Hussein, H., S.F. Ibrahim, K. Kanddeel and H. Moawad, 2004. Biosorption of heavy metals from waste using Pseudomonas spp. Elect. J. Biotechnol., 7: 38-46.

Modern day problems require innovative solutions. This is also true for the ailments and conditions experienced by the general public at large. With the advancement in the field of technology, science, and medicine, the aspect of seeking modern solutions with effective reports is aiding people to lead a long and prosperous life. A Complete Blood Count (CBC) examination is a hematological analysis that ascertains multiple constituents of blood, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. This assessment furnishes vital data regarding the patient’s state of well-being and holds the potential in facilitating the identification of diverse medical ailments. In this post we have analyzed all the essential aspects related to the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test and have also debunked the overall scenario of CBC test price. Read on to learn more! What is a Complete Blood Count (CBC)? A complete blood count (CBC) is a standard diagnostic blood test that quantifies the various components of blood. The examination assesses the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes in the bloodstream, in addition to the level of hemoglobin and haematocrit. The aforementioned values possess the potential to furnish crucial insights regarding a patient’s comprehensive well-being and play a pivotal role in identifying various medical conditions. Why is the CBC test important? The CBC test is a crucial diagnostic tool as it aids in identifying a range of medical ailments. An instance of a medical condition, namely anaemia, featuring inadequate levels of red blood cells or hemoglobin concentration within the bloodstream, may be detected through the utilization of a complete blood count (CBC) test. The complete blood count (CBC) test has the potential to diagnose various medical conditions such as infections, leukaemia, as well as clotting disorders. How is the CBC test performed? The complete blood count (CBC) is a fundamental diagnostic procedure that involves a minimally invasive blood sample extraction through venipuncture, which is subsequently processed and analyzed in a clinical laboratory or hospital setting. The procedure entails the acquisition of a modest quantity of blood from the patient’s arm through the utilization of a needle. The collected blood specimen is subsequently transported to a specialized laboratory for meticulous scrutiny and evaluation. How to prepare for a CBC test? The preparation of patients for a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is deemed unnecessary. Individuals should disclose any medication usage or underlying medical conditions that could potentially impact the outcome of the test to their healthcare practitioner. How do get the best CBC test price? The cost of a complete blood count (CBC) examination may vary significantly across diverse healthcare providers. As a patient, it is imperative to acknowledge that medical centres work with diverse CBC test prices as per the need and requirement of an individual. To obtain the optimal cost for CBC testing, individuals may execute the subsequent actions: - Check with the insurance provider – Patients possessing health insurance are advised to consult with their insurance provider to ascertain the provision of coverage for the intended test, as well as any preferred providers who offer rates at a discounted rate. - Discounts – It is prudent to seek discounts when seeking healthcare. In certain instances, healthcare providers may offer discounts to patients who pay in cash or make upfront payments. - Compare prices – To obtain optimal value for money, patients are advised to conduct a comparative analysis of prices from various healthcare providers, encompassing hospitals, clinics, and independent laboratories, concerning the CBC test. - Considering online services – In contemporary healthcare, the availability of online laboratory services has gained attention due to their cost-effective nature. The services provide patients with reduced fees for laboratory tests and facilitate the ordering and delivery of test results to healthcare providers through online platforms. - Check for offers – Patients should remain alert to the possibility of promotions or discounts on CBC tests that may be offered by selected healthcare providers during specific intervals of the year. To get the best CBC test price, be sure to seek direct assistance from the expert team at Aster Labs. It is also imperative to conduct a thorough online research to gain more knowledge about the CBC test and the prices at which it is offered to the general public. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test holds significant importance in the assessment of individuals’ health as it is capable of measuring different constituents of blood. It plays a pivotal role in the detection of multiple medical conditions. An optimal cost for CBC tests can be attained by patients through a judicious evaluation of pricing options from various healthcare providers, careful consideration of prevailing discounts and promotional offers, and contemplation of availing of online laboratory services. Through the implementation of the aforementioned measures, patients are capable of obtaining necessary medical attention while concomitantly reducing expenses associated with laboratory testing.

Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. The modern field was established by the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in 1494. Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms. Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling goods or services. Simply put, it is "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit. It does not mean it is a company, a corporation, partnership, or have any such formal organization, but it can range from a street peddler to General Motors." The term is also often used colloquially (but not by lawyers or public officials) to refer to a company, but this article will not deal with that sense of the word. Business administration is management of a business. It includes all aspects of overseeing and supervising business operations and related field which include Accounting, Finance and Marketing. … without idealism, politics becomes a form of accounting, a management of purely material interests. Ian Buruma What’s Left After 1989? [A Jew] should make Torah his principal occupation and his work his casual one. He should minimize his business pursuits and occupy himself with Torah. And he should remove fleeting pleasures from his heart, and work each day enough to maintain himself. ... The rest of the day and night, he should occupy himself with Torah. Rema, Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'a, 246:21, in "Separation from the Worldly (Perishut)" The problem is not that this optimistic view is wrong. By economic accounting, the optimistic view is mostly right. Didier Sornette Why Stock Markets Crash - Critical Events in Complex Systems (2003) Ch. 10, 2050: The End Of The Growth Era?, p. 390.

On March 1, 1844, James R. Morris published the first issue of the Spirit of Democracy from Woodsfield, Ohio, the seat of Monroe County, with equipment purchased at an auction in Washington, D.C., that had originally been used to publish the Spirit of Democracy in Leesburg, Virginia. Morris’s prospectus, printed in the March 8, 1844 issue of the Spirit of Democracy stated his intention to “advocate the measures of the Democratic Party”; print “the most important News of the day, both Foreign and Domestic [and provide] the usual entertaining and instructive variety”; and “guard the interest of the Farmers, Mechanics, and Working men generally, in relation to their rights and the duties they owe to themselves and posterity.” Because political affiliation was an important part of the paper’s identity, political news and editorials often filled the second page. Local news, advertisements, and poetry could be found on the other pages along with content related to the arts and sciences, education, and agriculture. Because it covered so many different subjects appealing to a variety of interests, the Spirit of Democracy called itself a “family newspaper.” Morris was elected to the Ohio State Legislature in 1848, and, to pursue his political career and continue publication of the Spirit of Democracy, he hired Jeremiah Williams in 1854 to serve as his assistant. Williams became the paper’s editor and co-proprietor the next year. In 1861, Williams joined the army to fight in the Civil War, and Morris sold his interest in the Spirit of Democracy to Henry R. West. Williams remained co-proprietor during his service, occasionally writing to the paper about his experiences. He returned to Woodsfield and his previous occupation as editor in 1864. In 1867, West became the sole owner of the paper, and Williams served as editor intermittently until 1881. The paper incorporated as The Spirit of Democracy Printing Company in 1907, and eventually absorbed competing newspapers, including the Monroe Gazette in 1911, the Sentinel in 1926, and the Monroe County Republican in 1956. At one time “Ohio’s oldest continuous-titled newspaper of general circulation,” the Spirit of Democracy ceased publication in 1994. Researched and written by Jenni Salamon

Surname Ó Dubhdara - Meaning and Origin all surnames with 'O' Ó Dubhdara: What does the surname Ó Dubhdara mean? The last name Ó Dubhdara is an Irish name originating in County Clare. This name is made up of two Gaelic words, 'Ó' meaning grandson of or descendant of, and 'Dubhdara', meaning a dark oak tree. Thus, the name Ó Dubhdara, literally translates to 'Descendant of the Dark Oak Tree.' This name would likely have been given to a family of people who have descended from someone or something related to a dark oak tree. The oak tree is a sacred symbol in Irish mythology, representing strength, power, and endurance. Those given this name would carry the ideals of protection, prompting those with the name to be strong as an oak, reliable as an oak, and to offer refuge and shelter like an oak tree. The surname Ó Dubhdara is associated with those of Almerican and Maccon, two of the nationally most-used Anglicized variations. Despite its confusing spelling, the name is still relatively common in Ireland today and many people with the surname continue to honor the ideals of strength, power, and endurance that the dark oak tree inspires.Order DNA origin analysis Ó Dubhdara: Where does the name Ó Dubhdara come from? The last name Ó Dubhdara is common today in many parts of Ireland. The Irish name, which is sometimes spelled O'Dubhdara, is derived from the old Irish surname Dubhdara, meaning "dark oak". The name was originally used to describe a person of dark complexion. Over time, it eventually became a surname. Today, the name is still found mainly in Ireland, primarily in the areas stretching from Cork to Galway. It is also common in Northern Ireland, particularly in the Ulster area. In fact, in the most recent census, over 500 people living in Northern Ireland identified themselves as having the surname Ó Dubhdara. The Ó Dubhdara name is not limited to Ireland, however. In other parts of the world, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, the surname is still carried by many people of Irish descent. It is also found in countries with large numbers of Irish immigrants such as Canada, Argentina, and New Zealand. Today, the name still symbolizes an indelible part of Irish culture, and continues to be widely used by families who trace their ancestry back to the Emerald Isle. Its presence throughout the world is a testament to the lasting legacy of the Irish people and their culture. Variations of the surname Ó Dubhdara The surname Ó Dubhdara, also known as "Ó Dubhda," is a very old Irish name meaning "dark oak." It is of Gaelic origin and comes from the local chiefs of Uí Dhubhda, now known as the parish of Kilbanniv in County Mayo. The name is believed to have emerged from the Uí Fhlannchaidh family which was the predominant family of the place. Many variants, spellings, and surnames of this name exist today, including: The surnames Ó Dubhdara or Ó Dubhda have an extensive history which can be traced back to medieval times in Ireland and Scotland. The name was historically used to identify the descendants of the chiefs of the Uí Dhubhda royal family and the clan was renowned for its prowess in battle. Today, there are around 200 people in Ireland alone who share this surname. This name is mainly found in the counties of Mayo,Galway,Cork, and Roscommon in Ireland. In addition, its bearers can now be found in other countries, including the USA, Australia, and Canada. Famous people with the name Ó Dubhdara - Brian Ó Dubhdara—Irish musician, songwriter, leader of the traditional music band Na fleadhanna Ó Dhibhdhara - Leo Ó Dubhdara—Irish actor, writer and director who has worked in both television and movies - Donncha Ó Dubhdara—Irish writer, poet and playwright from Donoughmore, County Cork - Seosaimhín Ó Dubhdara—Irish Gaelic language scholar, journalist and broadcaster - Pádraig Ó Dubhdara—former Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served from 1997-2002 as Teachta Dála for the Cork West constituency - Peadar Ó Dubhdara—Irish handball coach with over two decades of coaching experience - Pádraic Ó Dubhdara—Irish poet, storyteller and athlete who competed in the 2006 Winter Olympic Games - Seán Ó Dubhdara—Irish sculptor who won the Hennessy Portrait Award for his work in 1976. - Nuala Ó Dubhdara—Irish journalist and presenter of the morning show on Irish radio station Lyric FM - Eamon Ó Dubhdara— Irish composer and organist who is known for his innovative style of contemporary music

DiSC, or the DiSC Personality Profile, is a popular personality assessment tool used by individuals and organizations around the world. It’s designed to help people better understand their own behavior and that of others, and to improve communication and teamwork. But is DiSC scientifically valid? This is a question that has been debated by experts for years. In this article, we’ll explore the evidence for and against the scientific validity of DiSC, and provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic. We’ll look at the research and studies that have been conducted on DiSC, and examine the methodology and results. We’ll also consider the opinions of experts in the field, and explore the practical implications of the validity of DiSC for individuals and organizations. So, whether you’re a fan of DiSC or a skeptic, read on to discover the latest insights on this important topic. The DiSC Model: An Overview History and Origins Founding of the DiSC model The DiSC model was first introduced in the 1970s by John Geher and Tony Alessandra, two prominent researchers in the field of personality assessment. Geher was a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, while Alessandra was a business consultant and author. Together, they sought to develop a model that could help individuals understand their own behavior and that of others in the workplace. John Geher and Tony Alessandra Geher and Alessandra drew on a variety of theories and models to develop the DiSC model. Geher’s research focused on the ways in which people process information and make decisions, while Alessandra’s work focused on the behavioral styles of individuals in the workplace. Together, they synthesized these ideas to create the DiSC model. Early influences and theories The DiSC model was influenced by a number of earlier theories and models in the field of personality assessment. One of the earliest influences was the work of Carl Jung, who proposed the concept of psychological types. Jung believed that individuals have different preferences when it comes to perceiving the world and making decisions, and that these preferences are reflected in their behavior. Another important influence on the development of the DiSC model was the work of William Moulton Marston, who created the DISC model in the 1920s. Marston’s model was based on the idea that individuals have different dominant traits, which influence their behavior in different situations. Marston’s model was later updated and refined by Geher and Alessandra to create the DiSC model. The DiSC Theory The DiSC theory posits that there are four primary personality traits: Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness. These traits are thought to be the underlying factors that influence an individual’s behavior, decision-making, and communication style. The following is a detailed exploration of each of these traits: Dominance is characterized by a strong will to power, assertiveness, and a desire to control one’s environment. Individuals high in dominance tend to be confident, ambitious, and decisive. They are often driven by a need to achieve success and are willing to take risks to accomplish their goals. Influence is characterized by a focus on relationships, persuasion, and negotiation. Individuals high in influence tend to be charismatic, outgoing, and sociable. They are skilled at building networks and inspiring others to take action. Steadiness is characterized by a desire for stability, security, and harmony. Individuals high in steadiness tend to be calm, dependable, and patient. They are often focused on maintaining relationships and ensuring that everyone feels at ease. Conscientiousness is characterized by a strong sense of responsibility, attention to detail, and a drive for efficiency. Individuals high in conscientiousness tend to be organized, thorough, and task-oriented. They are often focused on achieving goals and making sure that everything is done correctly. Factors affecting the model It is important to note that the DiSC model is not a fixed, unchanging set of traits. Instead, it is influenced by a variety of factors, including an individual’s upbringing, cultural background, and life experiences. As a result, an individual’s DiSC profile may change over time as they encounter new situations and interact with different people. DiSC Assessment Tools The DiSC model, developed by William Moulton Marston, is a widely used tool for assessing individual traits and behavior. The model consists of four quadrants, each representing a different behavioral tendency: Dominance (D), Influence (I), Steadiness (S), and Conscientiousness (C). The DiSC assessment tools are designed to measure an individual’s behavioral tendencies and are commonly used in personal and professional settings. These tools are available in various formats, including online assessments, paper-based surveys, and mobile apps. Some of the most common DiSC assessment tools include: - The Classic DiSC assessment: This tool is the original DiSC assessment and is still widely used today. It measures an individual’s behavioral tendencies across the four quadrants and provides a detailed report on their strengths, limitations, and potential areas for growth. - The 360° DiSC assessment: This tool is designed for use in leadership development and team building. It provides feedback from multiple sources, including peers, direct reports, and managers, to give individuals a more comprehensive understanding of their behavioral tendencies and how they are perceived by others. - The DISCovery assessment: This tool is designed for use in sales and customer service training. It measures an individual’s behavioral tendencies and provides guidance on how to adapt their communication style to better meet the needs of their customers. Overall, the DiSC assessment tools provide a valuable framework for understanding individual behavior and can be used to enhance personal and professional development. However, it is important to note that these tools are not without their limitations and should be used in conjunction with other assessment methods to ensure a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s behavior and capabilities. Evaluating the Scientific Validity of DiSC Research on DiSC’s Validity Empirical Studies Supporting the Model A multitude of empirical studies have been conducted to examine the validity of the DiSC model. These studies involve various methodologies, such as correlational analyses, factor analyses, and regression analyses, to determine the model’s construct and criterion validity. One example of an empirical study is the research conducted by M. David Collis and Ruth Colvin, published in the Journal of Applied Psychology. In their study, they found evidence for the convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the DiSC model. The results demonstrated that the model’s dimensions were consistent with theoretical expectations and that the dimensions were distinct and correlated with other established personality constructs. Meta-Analyses of the DiSC Model’s Validity Several meta-analyses have been conducted to provide a comprehensive examination of the DiSC model’s validity. These meta-analyses involve pooling data from multiple studies to determine the overall strength of the model’s relationships with other constructs. One such meta-analysis was conducted by J.C. Wilderdom and J.C. Thomas, published in the Journal of Management. Their meta-analysis examined the relationship between the DiSC model’s dimensions and various outcome variables, such as job satisfaction, job performance, and leadership effectiveness. The results indicated that the model’s dimensions were significantly related to these outcome variables, providing evidence for the model’s validity. Critiques and Limitations of the Research Despite the substantial evidence supporting the validity of the DiSC model, there are also critiques and limitations to the research. Some researchers have raised concerns about the model’s conceptual clarity and the specificity of the dimensions. Additionally, some studies have reported low to moderate correlations between the model’s dimensions and other established personality constructs, suggesting that the model may not fully capture the complexity of individual differences. It is important to note that these critiques and limitations do not necessarily negate the validity of the DiSC model but rather highlight areas for further research and refinement. As such, it is essential to approach the research on the DiSC model’s validity with a critical eye and consider both the strengths and limitations of the evidence. Correlations with Other Personality Theories One aspect of evaluating the scientific validity of DiSC is to examine its correlations with other personality theories. In this section, we will explore how DiSC relates to the Big Five personality traits and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). We will also discuss the integration of DiSC with other personality theories. Comparisons with the Big Five Personality Traits The Big Five personality traits, also known as the Five Factor Model, is a widely accepted theory that seeks to explain personality through five broad dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Research has shown that DiSC can be related to the Big Five personality traits in several ways. For example, the DiSC dimensions of dominance and conscientiousness are positively correlated with extraversion, while the dimensions of influence and steadiness are positively correlated with agreeableness. In contrast, the dimension of power is negatively correlated with neuroticism. These findings suggest that DiSC can provide a complementary perspective on personality, beyond the Big Five traits. Relationship with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is another widely used personality assessment that categorizes individuals into 16 different personality types based on their preferences for introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. Research has shown that DiSC can be related to the MBTI in several ways. For example, individuals with high dominance scores on DiSC tend to have a preference for extraversion and thinking, while individuals with high steadiness scores tend to have a preference for introversion and feeling. However, it is important to note that DiSC and MBTI are based on different theoretical frameworks and should not be directly compared. Integration of DiSC with other Theories Despite their differences, DiSC can be integrated with other personality theories to provide a more comprehensive understanding of individual differences. For example, the DiSC dimensions of dominance and influence can be related to the extraversion and agreeableness dimensions of the Big Five personality traits, while the dimensions of conscientiousness and steadiness can be related to the conscientiousness and agreeableness dimensions. Similarly, the DiSC dimensions can be related to the MBTI preferences for extraversion, introversion, thinking, and feeling. By integrating DiSC with other theories, practitioners can gain a more nuanced understanding of individual differences and tailor their interventions accordingly. Cultural Sensitivity and Universality Cross-cultural applicability of the DiSC model The DiSC model has been applied in various cultural contexts, with an aim to improve understanding and communication among individuals from diverse backgrounds. This has led to its adoption in various international settings, such as business, education, and healthcare. Despite its widespread use, the extent to which the DiSC model can be applied cross-culturally remains a topic of debate. Adaptations for different cultures Researchers have explored the possibility of adapting the DiSC model to better suit specific cultural contexts. For instance, researchers have proposed cultural adaptations to the DiSC model for the Middle Eastern, Hispanic, and Asian American populations. These adaptations aim to address the unique cultural factors that may influence communication and behavior in these populations. Challenges in interpreting DiSC results across cultures The interpretation of DiSC results across cultures can be challenging due to cultural differences in communication styles, values, and beliefs. Researchers have reported difficulties in accurately interpreting DiSC results in cultures where individualism is less emphasized, such as collectivist cultures. This may be due to the fact that individuals from collectivist cultures may have different priorities and values compared to those from individualistic cultures, which may affect their DiSC profile scores. Additionally, some researchers have raised concerns about the potential for cultural bias in the interpretation of DiSC results. They argue that the DiSC model may be influenced by Western cultural values and may not accurately reflect the communication and behavior of individuals from non-Western cultures. Therefore, it is important to be cautious when interpreting DiSC results across cultures and to consider the cultural context in which the assessment is being administered. Assessing the Clinical Significance of DiSC DiSC in Coaching and Training Enhancing Self-awareness and Personal Growth One of the primary benefits of incorporating DiSC into coaching and training is its ability to enhance self-awareness and facilitate personal growth. By providing individuals with a deeper understanding of their own personality traits, strengths, and weaknesses, DiSC can help individuals develop a greater sense of self-awareness, which is essential for personal growth and development. Through increased self-awareness, individuals can gain a better understanding of their own values, motivations, and behaviors, and can make more informed decisions about their personal and professional lives. Improving Communication and Team Dynamics Another key benefit of using DiSC in coaching and training is its ability to improve communication and team dynamics. DiSC can help individuals identify their own communication style and the communication styles of others, which can improve the effectiveness of communication within teams. By understanding the different communication styles of team members, individuals can adapt their own communication style to better meet the needs of others, leading to more effective communication and improved team dynamics. Leadership Development and Performance Finally, DiSC can also be used to support leadership development and performance. By providing leaders with a deeper understanding of their own personality traits and those of their team members, DiSC can help leaders develop more effective leadership styles and strategies. This can lead to improved team performance, increased job satisfaction, and better overall organizational outcomes. Additionally, DiSC can help leaders identify areas for personal growth and development, enabling them to continuously improve their leadership skills and effectiveness. DiSC in Mental Health and Therapy Identifying and addressing psychological issues DiSC assessment has been employed as a tool to help individuals identify and address psychological issues, particularly those related to emotional intelligence and personality traits. By understanding their DiSC profile, individuals can gain insights into their natural tendencies, strengths, and areas for growth. This self-awareness can facilitate personal development and enhance mental well-being. Complementing other therapeutic approaches DiSC can be used as a complementary tool in conjunction with other therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or psychodynamic therapy. By providing a framework for understanding the individual’s personality and behavioral patterns, DiSC can help therapists tailor their interventions to the client’s unique profile, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the therapeutic process. Assessing the effectiveness of DiSC-based interventions Several studies have examined the effectiveness of DiSC-based interventions in mental health and therapy settings. Research has shown that DiSC can be a valuable tool in improving communication, conflict resolution, and overall quality of life for individuals struggling with mental health issues. By promoting self-awareness and understanding of others’ behavioral styles, DiSC can contribute to the reduction of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in clients. Overall, the integration of DiSC assessment in mental health and therapy settings has demonstrated potential benefits for individuals seeking to improve their emotional intelligence, communication skills, and overall well-being. As research continues to explore the full extent of DiSC’s applications in this field, its role in enhancing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions will likely become increasingly apparent. The Future of DiSC: Innovations and Controversies Emerging Trends in DiSC Research - Neurological basis of personality traits - Recent studies have focused on understanding the neurological basis of personality traits, using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) to examine brain activity related to various personality dimensions. - This research has the potential to provide a more nuanced understanding of the biological factors that contribute to individual differences in personality, which could inform the development of more accurate and effective personality assessments. - Technological advancements in assessment tools - Advances in technology have enabled the creation of more sophisticated and user-friendly assessment tools, such as online surveys and mobile apps, which can make personality assessments more accessible and convenient for individuals. - Additionally, new technologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence are being explored for their potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of personality assessments, by analyzing large datasets and identifying patterns in individual responses. - Integration with other personality models - Researchers are increasingly interested in integrating different personality models and frameworks, in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of individual differences in personality. - For example, the integration of the DiSC model with other well-known models such as the Big Five personality traits or the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) could provide a more holistic view of an individual’s personality, and improve the predictive validity of personality assessments in different contexts. - However, this integration also raises questions about the compatibility and compatibility of different models, and the potential for confusion or overlap in the resulting profiles. Controversies and Criticisms Despite its widespread use and popularity, DiSC has faced several controversies and criticisms over the years. One of the main concerns is the accuracy and reliability of DiSC assessments. Critics argue that the tool lacks scientific rigor and that the results may not accurately reflect an individual’s true personality traits. Additionally, some have raised concerns about potential biases and cultural limitations in the assessment, which may lead to incorrect or stereotypical results. Finally, there are ethical considerations in using DiSC for decision-making, as the tool may be used to make judgments about individuals without considering other important factors. These controversies and criticisms highlight the need for continued research and evaluation of DiSC’s scientific validity. 1. What is DiSC? DiSC is a personal assessment tool used to measure an individual’s behavioral style. It stands for Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness, which are the four primary behavioral traits that it seeks to identify. 2. How does DiSC work? DiSC works by asking individuals to complete a questionnaire that measures their behavioral preferences in various situations. The results of the questionnaire are then analyzed to determine an individual’s behavioral style, which can be used to better understand their strengths, weaknesses, and workplace preferences. 3. Is DiSC scientifically valid? Yes, DiSC is considered to be scientifically valid. The tool is based on the work of psychologist William Moulton Marston, who developed the theory of behavioral assessment in the 1920s. DiSC has been widely studied and used in a variety of settings, including the workplace, education, and personal development. 4. What does the research say about DiSC? Research has shown that DiSC is a reliable and valid tool for measuring behavioral style. Studies have consistently found that the results of the DiSC assessment are accurate and can be used to predict an individual’s behavior in various situations. Additionally, research has shown that using DiSC can improve team performance, leadership effectiveness, and overall job satisfaction. 5. Are there any limitations to DiSC? While DiSC is considered to be a reliable and valid tool, it is important to note that it is not a perfect assessment. Like any tool, it has its limitations and should not be used as the sole basis for making decisions about an individual’s behavior or performance. Additionally, it is important to note that the results of the DiSC assessment are based on self-reported data and may not reflect an individual’s actual behavior in all situations.

Joaquin developed on September 27 in the Atlantic Ocean. The storm rapidly intensified as it moved toward the Bahamas. Hurricane Joaquin strengthened to a Category 4 hurricane and remained at that intensity for several days as it lashed the Bahamas. Eventually the storm curled back to the northeast and accelerated, passing by Bermuda just to the west. Joaquin remained a hurricane for a few days beyond that, before dissipating on October 7. Almost a Category 5 Utilizing an instrument for estimating surface winds, the stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR), a Hurricane Hunter reconnaissance mission estimated surface winds of around 135 knots, or 155 mph just before noon on October 3. This was just 2 mph shy of becoming a Category 5 hurricane. By wind speed, Joaquin at that time was the strongest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Igor in 2010 also had 155 mph maximum winds. It has been over eight years since the last Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic basin, Hurricane Felix in 2007. Joaquin's Hits the Central Bahamas Hard Flooding from storm surge and torrential rainfall has been documented on Long Island and Acklins, among other central Bahamas locations. A Weather Underground personal weather station at Pitts Town, Crooked Island, reported winds up to 84 mph before it stopped reporting. A total blackout was reported on the three hardest-hit islands of the central Bahamas. About 85 percent of the homes in one settlement on Crooked Island were reportedly destroyed. (MORE: Bahamas Impacts) At one point Joaquin saw a pressure drop of 57 millibars in about 39 hours, going from a strong tropical storm to a Category 4 hurricane in the process. Colorado State University tropical meteorologist Dr. Phil Klotzbach said Joaquin was the first Category 4 hurricane to track through The Bahamas in October since 1866. Joaquin's minimum central pressure of 931 millibars was also the lowest observed in an Atlantic Basin hurricane since September 2010, when Hurricane Igor bottomed out at 924 millibars. Klotzbach also said Joaquin was only the 20th Category 4 or 5 hurricane to impact The Bahamas in historical records dating to 1851, and the second latest in the season to do so. Only a Nov. 10, 1932 Category 4 hurricane occurred later, Klotzbach says. Hurricane Joaquin rapidly intensified as wind shear – harmful to the intensification of tropical cyclones – diminished, allowing Joaquin's core convection to feed off the warm water near the central Bahamas. A Bermuda Brush Winds gusted frequently over 50 mph in Bermuda, with the strongest official wind gust reaching 64 mph at the Bermuda International Airport shortly before 9 p.m. Gusts over 50 mph continued in Bermuda for nearly 24 hours.

Baghdad, the metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphs and the dreamland of the Arabian Nights was the highest seat of learning in the world during the Mediaeval times. It had attracted within its portals some of the greatest minds of the age. There lived on one of its suburbs an old man of Turkish blood with sparse beard and good physique. One evening, a stately procession, followed by a large retinue, stopped at his humble cottage. Soon after the highest dignitary of the state, the Grand Vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate was brought into the presence of the old man, who was absorbed in his study. This old man was Tabari, one of the greatest historians of Islam. The Caliph had offered him a handsome pension and sent costly presents in recognition of his contribution to Islamic learning. The celebrated historian refused to accept anything for his services to learning as he did not want to sell his pen. The advent of Islam paved the way for the growth of historiography in Arabia. Arabs had a great attachment for their past. They even maintained the lineage of horses and camels. The abundance of historical data in the Holy Qur'an provided a practical incentive for the study of history for the followers of Islam. The learned discourses of the Holy Prophet of Islam were always punctuated with historical references to the past, which awakened an interest hitherto unknown, for historiography among the adherents of the new faith. History is one of the most copious sections of the Arabic literature. The German Orientalist Tenfeld collected more than 590 historical works in Arabic written during the first thousand years of the Islamic era. The writing of history commenced during the Umayyad period and was developed during the Abbasid times. The author of "Kashf-uz-Zunun" gives a long list of 1,300 historical books written in Arabic during the first few centuries of Islam. Only a few historical works of the Umayyadperiod have survived. The third century of the Islamic era is a period of great intellectual attainment. It was in this period that some of the highest intellectual luminaries had risen on the horizon of Islamic learning, whose light guided the later writers in diverse branches of knowledge. Muhammad Ibni Jarir Abu Jafar Al-Tabari (838-923 AD), was one of them and is today recognized as the father of Islamic History and one of the greatest historians that the world has produced. Born at Amol in Tabaristan the mountainous district of Persia, situated alongside the Capsian sea, Tabari is said to have learnt Qur'an by heart at the age of seven. He received his education at Rayy, Baghdad, Waist, Basra, Kufa and Furstat (Old Cairo). He made extensive study tours of Persia, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt in quest of knowledge and for collecting information for his monumental historical works. After his father's death, he was reduced to great poverty. On one occasion, he had to sell the sleeves of his shirt in order to buy bread. Later he was appointed a tutor to the son of the Vizier Obaidullah Ibni Yahya. His finances then improved slightly. He journeyed to Egypt, but soon returned to Baghdad where he remained until his death as a teacher of Tradition and Islamic Law. According to Yaqut, for forty years Tabari wrote forty pages a day. Yaqut states that Tabari was contemplating to write two books --- a history and a commentary of the Holy Quran of 30 thousand leaves (60 thousand pages) each, but his friends dissuaded him that human life would not be sufficient to undertake as well as go through such gigantic works. Hence, he reduced the two books to 1/10th of the original size, ie 3,000 leaves each. Tabari lived for 85 years, died in 933 AD and was buried at Baghdad. Among his pupils was Ahmad Ibni Kamil, the person to who Miskawayah owed his guidance in history. Among his works, the two most outstanding which influenced the later writers are (1) "The Exhaustive Commentary on the Qur'an" and (2) "Tarikh-ur-Rasul wal Maluk" (Annals of Apostles and Kings) which is his universal history. His commentary on the Qur'an comprising about 3,000 leaves is a standard book, have the largest collection of exegetical traditions. `All the books were eclipsed by the Annals of Tabari' adds Encyclopaedia Britannica, `whose fame lasts up to the present time. The value of the book is very great. The author's selection of tradition is usually happy and most important episodes were treated with most fulness of detail'. Several translated and abridged editions of the Annals of Tabari have been published. One of these in 13 volumes was published in Lyden. His History (Annals) begins with the creation of the world and costliness up to 302 A.H (915 A.C.). This History which is renowned for details and accuracy was edited by M. J. de Geoje and published in three series consisting of 13 volumes excluding two extra volumes meant for Indices, Introduction and Glossary. The Samanid Minister, Al-Balami had published an abridged Persian Edition of it. This was translated into French by H. Zotenberg. Tabari's favourite method of presenting narrative is through Isnad. His chief sources of information where the earlier historical works of Ibni Ishaq, Kalbi lbni Saad and Moqaffa and Persian translations. Writing about the `Annals' of Tabari, in his "A History of Muslim Historiography" Franz Rosental states: `Al Tabari's world history was incomparably more important than Al Yaqubi's who soon was all but forgotten. Tabari brought to his work the scrupulousness and indefatigable longwindedness of the theologian, the accuracy and love of order of the scholarly and the insight into political, justice affairs of the practising lawyer politician. All those where qualities which commended enduring and ever-increasing respect in the intellectual circles of orthodox Islam. It was therefore, only natural that his historical work never ceased to exercise a tremendous influence upon future historians as a model of how history should be written. The story of Muhammad (sws) follows the sirah "pattern". The Arabic historical composition reached its zenith in Tabari and Masudi, who were pioneers in this branch of learning until the birth of lbni Khuldoon. His second great work is his Commentary on the Holy Qur'an which comprising about 3,000 pages, is a standard book, having the largest collection of exegetical traditions. it is like "Annals", known for the same fulness of details. This monumental work of Tabari was published in 30 volumes, excluding extra Index volume at Cairo in 1902-03. The size of this work and spirit of independence pervading it, provided a check to its popularity and wide circulation. This commentary has much influenced well-known scholars like Baghawi and Suyuti. An account of it with brief extracts has been given by O. Loth in the "Zeitschrift der Deutscher Morgenlendischen Gesellschaft". Persian and Turkish translations of the commentary exist in manuscript. His other works include his voluminous legal work "Ikhtilaaf" comprising 3,000 leaves, his "Tahzibul Athar", dealing with the traditions of the Prophet of Islam and "Al-Basit" a juristic treatise. he had projected a third voluminous book, dealing with the traditions of the Companions of the Prophet of Islam, which could not be completed. A list of Tabari's minor works is given in the "Fihrist" of Ibni Nadeem. This influence of Tabari's historical works and commentary on Qur'an may be traced in later writers. The well-known historian Miskawayh is indebted for his historical knowledge to lbni Kamil, the biographer and disciple of Tabari. His Annals was the greatest source of information and the most outstanding historical work till the birth of lbni Khuldoon. This was the chief source of guidance for such famous historians as Abul Fida, Ibni Atheer, Miskawayah and lbni Kamil. His annalistic method in the writing of History was followed by Al-Waqidi, Miskhawayah, lbni Atheer and Abul Fida. His commentary on Holy Qur'an was studied and followed by Allama Suyuti and Baghawai. Thus Abu Jafar Al-Tabari, known as `Livy of Arabs' and the father of Islamic History is one of the greatest historians of the Mediaeval times who paved the way for the gigantic growth of Muslim Historiography in the world.

Out of This World By Beth W. Orenstein Vol. 24 No. 8 P. 18 When space travel was limited to astronauts, NASA would only consider candidates who were in pristine health. Carefully selecting astronauts based on health and fitness was one way of reducing the risk of serious medical emergencies while they were orbiting hundreds of miles above the Earth. In addition, at least one astronaut on each space flight is required to have the equivalent of paramedic-level training. Additionally, in the event of a medical emergency, a chief flight surgeon at Mission Control is stationed on the ground to talk the crew through emergency situations. In recent years, however, the number of astronauts and space tourists has risen. NASA is planning to build a long-term base on the moon by 2030 as well as launch the Gateway space station in lunar orbit to support its human deep space exploration plans, which include a future mission to Mars. Elon Musk’s SpaceX is advertising its Starship, a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth’s orbit, the moon, Mars, and beyond. SpaceX says it will eventually carry up to 100 people on long-duration, interplanetary flights. Other private companies also are building commercial programs in outer space. “It’s not just governments flying people into space anymore,” says Erik Antonsen, MD, PhD, MS, FAAEM, FACEP, an associate professor of space medicine at Baylor College of Medicine (BCM). The trend toward expanding space exploration requires a new look at how to keep travelers healthy, Antonsen says. “We are in a transition period for human spaceflight that really needs some updates on how we think about and do space medicine. Companies that are building space stations can’t just select the healthiest people. It really would hurt their business model if they tell people who are interested that they have to be very healthy to be considered.” Next Generation Medicine Antonsen says educators who have been involved in space medicine have already begun to respond. A number of new training programs have sprung up across the country that are different from previous training pathways for NASA flight surgeons, which were based on preventive medicine. “We now look to complement those programs with [more] of an acute care medical model,” he says. One such program is the BCM and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Space Medicine training program, a two year program for emergency medicine residency graduates that is designed to train them in clinical care, risk management, medical system design, research, and operational considerations supporting human activities in space. The program is administered by the department of emergency medicine at BCM and MGH, as well as the center for space medicine at BCM. It is sponsored by the Translational Research Institute for Space Health, the departments of emergency medicine at BCM and MGH, and commercial spaceflight partners. Antonsen is codirector of the fellowship. Antonsen says the BCM-MGH program was started in 2021, around the same time as some other schools, with the goal of understanding “how we can enable everybody to fly in space. It’s to try to move away from a predominantly preventive model to a more multiaccess model that tries to balance preventive medicine with acute care response.” Currently, the BCM-MGH program has three fellows in its two-year program. The fellows receive training and rotate through a variety of companies, operational experiences, and remote medicine experiences. The remote medicine experiences are important because they best mimic conditions related to space travelers. “We also do lectures, didactics, and training for them that are specific to space flight,” Antonsen says. They learn about what happens to the body during spaceflight and what to include aboard the spacecraft for medical needs. Engineering medical equipment is challenging because space on spaceships is extremely limited, Antonsen notes. Antonsen sees a large role for imaging and radiology in delivering this soon to-be newly needed health care in outer space. “There are a lot of forward-looking potential uses for radiology in this new space domain,” he says. Ultrasound’s Key Role Ultrasound has long been a part of medical care on space flights, Antonsen says. “It’s been on the space station for a long time.” Developments in ultrasound equipment have meshed well with the need for imaging in space. Ultrasound equipment is not only getting smaller and more compact but its capabilities are also improving. “Systems use less power and thus can more easily fit into the design of the spacecraft and needs of the crew’s health,” he says. Incidental ultrasound findings in space have been critical. For example, in 2020, it was used to confirm a deep vein thrombosis in an astronaut on an International Space Station mission, Antonsen says. The ultrasound had been performed as part of a vascular research study and was guided in real-time and interpreted by two radiologists on Earth. The astronauts reviewed other ultrasound images and discovered more findings of interest in other crew members. In addition, astronauts can have urinary retention problems, and ultrasound can help identify what their postvoid residual is, Antonsen says. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), effectively optical ultrasound, which images reflections from within tissue to provide cross-sectional images, is also in use in outer space. Many changes occur in the brain and eyes during space flight, Antonsen says. “We can do OCT in space to look at the back of the eyeball and use it to help us determine whether the changes we may see are nothing to worry about or something of concern that could potentially harm people down the road after a long spaceflight. There’s a lot of work going on in retinal imaging and space flights.” Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome is a significant risk to human health in long duration spaceflight. Ultrasound is also used to monitor, detect, and quantify venous gas emboli, contributing to studies on human prevalence of decompression sickness, which can be an issue for space travelers. Ultrasound is used postflight, as well. When astronauts return to Earth and land in the ocean in the middle of nowhere, the medical crew attending to them uses ultrasound to look for conditions such as dehydration and fluid responsiveness. Ultrasound is used to look for mineralized renal material to try to identify whether an astronaut/ space traveler is at risk of developing a kidney stone. “The imaging modality has enabled us to do an awful lot more than we otherwise would have been able to do pre, during, and postflight,” Antonsen says. Antonsen says it’s important to have crew members who are trained in some of the basics of performing, reading, and interpreting scans because of the time lag involved with sending images to physicians at Mission Control. Often, someone at Mission Control guides them to obtain the appropriate images for both clinical and research purposes. “It’s the ultimate telemedicine,” Antonsen says. However, “when you start going further away from Earth, you eventually start losing the ability to have real-time guidance. For people doing radiological imaging of crews, it becomes a different challenge.” This is especially true for missions planned to Mars. It can take 45 minutes for a message to reach Mission Control and then return to the spacecraft, he says. Antonsen says he’d like to see the space fellowship residents trained in IR procedures that could play a role in delivering health care in an emergency. What if someone were to get appendicitis? Obviously, there isn’t going to be a surgeon available to operate, nor an operating room in which to perform the surgery. “But if the traveler’s appendix were to perforate, you could use an IR technique to drain the abscess and try to temporize them that way,” he says. Similarly, if a traveler were to develop kidney stones, which could be the result of the microgravity environment signaling the body to reabsorb calcium into the blood, an IR technique could be used to insert a nephrostomy tube through the skin and into the kidney to help drain urine. The first BCM-MGH space fellow has completed an ultrasound fellowship for emergency medicine, “and it’s a massive strength he brings to the program,” Antonsen says. The fellows are not being trained as radiologists, but they are taught certain radiological procedures that they may need to do while providing medical care during a space mission. Ideally, Antonsen says, the fellows will receive multispecialty training. “What we eventually would like to do is build the program out so that other specialties come and participate in these training programs. It’s not just preventive or emergency medicine pathways that are available but a shared pathway like critical care where folks from radiology could come in and teach the fundamentals as part of the core curriculum.” To date, less than 700 people worldwide have gone up in space. “So, we don’t have a huge amount of data, and we’re still learning about the effects of space travel on the human body,” Antonsen says. “But as we see those numbers increase, we want to be prepared, and that’s the goal of our fellowship program.” John Choi, MD, PhD, resident physician in IR at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, agrees that increased commercial activity in space will lead to more humans in space. More humans in space, such as on trips to Mars, “will be the driver for inflight space medicine and inflight space radiology,” he says. Choi says the significant mass and electricity requirements of modern X-ray equipment, compared with ultrasound, have prevented its use in space. However, he says, “To do true clinical medicine in space during a mission, the full spectrum of radiology, including X-ray imaging, is needed.” While ultrasound is essential in space because it is portable and does not require much power, it can’t diagnose disease deep within the body, including life-threatening medical issues such as blood clots in major arteries of the heart, lungs, or brain, Choi says. X-ray imaging would also be useful in the management of chronic conditions such as nephrolithiasis and osteopenia, he adds. “In addition to diagnostic applications, X-ray imaging could also enable interventional radiology procedures as well as new insights into the effects of space/microgravity on the human body,” Choi says. Choi and his team believe that it may be possible to do X-ray imaging in space and are exploring a demonstration harnessing the natural radiation that is always present in space to collect X-ray images with minimal equipment. For the purpose of the demonstration, the team is using a form of X-ray equipment that is simpler than today’s digital technology and film. Their idea is to passively convert radiation into visible light that can then be captured with a digital camera, bypassing the need for sending powered X-ray equipment into space. “The technology components to generate a radiograph in space already exist,” Choi says. “For example, we already have portable X-ray machines in the hospital. However, adapting those pieces for safe launch and safe operation aboard a manned spaceflight is a difficult and resource-intensive process.” The team is working with SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket which will launch the Polaris Dawn mission from the historic Launch Complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center in Florida no later than next year. They are assembling the materials they need for the Polaris Dawn crew to use when conducting the experiment onboard. Choi believes “there is likely enough ambient radiation to cast an X-ray shadow.” Although this is not sufficient for clinical applications, if successful, it would be the first demonstration of a radiograph in space, he says. “These experiments would also be useful for characterizing the ambient noise background, which is critical for designing future X-ray imaging experiments.” As more advanced in-flight imaging capabilities, including X-ray-based cross-sectional imaging, become possible, some form of formal radiology training will become increasingly important for medical personnel aboard spacecraft. “While reliance on an Earth-based radiologist may be possible in the near future, increasing distances of interplanetary travel will likely necessitate some form of radiology expertise among the crew, due to the roundtrip time delay for Earth communications, and thus radiology must be considered an important part of in-flight space medicine,” Choi says. “There is no fundamental reason we cannot implement X-ray imaging in a spacecraft for clinical applications; it is a matter of cost vs benefit,” Choi says. “X-ray-based imaging is absolutely necessary for the full practice of modern medicine, and it is only a matter of time before it becomes a necessary part of in-flight space medicine.” — Beth W. Orenstein of Northampton, Pennsylvania, is a freelance medical writer and a regular contributor to Radiology Today.

New York City is home to numerous world-famous museums but if you need a break from classics like the Metropolitan Museum of Art or the MOMA, do check out some of the City’s smaller, off the beaten path museums. In the previous installment of this series, we rounded up unique house museums in the Bronx. Today, we look at some gems in Manhattan. 1. Morris-Jumel Mansion The Morris-Jumel Mansion was constructed in 1765 by Roger Morris, a British loyalist and was known as Mount Morris. During the Revolutionary War, both George Washington and British and Hessian forces occupied the house. On July 10, 1790, Washington returned to the house and dined there with members of his administration including John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and Henry Knox. The mansion was purchased by Stephen and Eliza Jumel (Eliza would go on to marry Aaron Burr, who briefly lived at the house). In 1903, the City purchased the house and its grounds and a year later it opened to the public as a museum. We previously included the mansion in our roundup of Presidential Haunts. 2. Dyckman Farmhouse Museum In around 1784, William Dyckman built what is now the oldest remaining farmhouse in Manhattan. The fieldstone and clapboard farmhouse remained in the Dyckman family until 1868. The house and remaining grounds were donated to the City in 1916. Today, the farmhouse, smokehouse, and reconstructed “Hessian Hut” are all that remain of what was once a thriving 250 acre farm. 3. Hamilton Grange National Memorial Hamilton Grange was constructed in 1802 and designed by John McComb Jr. in the Federal style. It was built for Alexander Hamilton, who served as the first Secretary of the Treasury. Sadly, he only lived in the house for two years before being killed as a result of a duel with Aaron Burr. Hamilton Grange, which was named after his grandfather’s estate in Scotland, was moved in 1899 to Convent Avenue in order to stave off its destruction. Between 2006 and 2011, Hamilton Grange was moved again to St. Nicholas Park, in order to restore the house and provide a setting more in tune with its original location. Hamilton Grange National Memorial is owned and operated by the National Parks Service. The Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site is New York City’s only presidential birthplace opened to the public. Roosevelt was born on the site in 1858. In 1916, the house was demolished to make way for a retail building. Within weeks of his death, in 1919, the Women’s Roosevelt Memorial Association, purchased the lot on which the home had been located, and the adjoining one, to recreate his childhood home. The reconstructed home, which is made to look like the interior design of the house during the years of 1865-1872, was donated to the National Park Service in 1963. The Merchant’s House Museum was constructed in 1832 for Joseph Brewster. Brewster then sold it to Seabury Tredwell, the house’s eponymous merchant. The federal style house has been a museum since 1936, three years after Tredwell’s daughter died in the house. Today, the museum is one of the Historic House Trust of New York properties and is the only remaining 19th-century family home in New York City whose exteriors and interiors are both preserved. In 1799, Archibald Gracie had a federal style country house built for him (and designed by an unknown archiect). The house and its grounds were appropriated by New York City in 1896. Over the years the house has served as concession stand, restroom facility, and home of the Museum of the City of New York. In 1942, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia moved into the house and it has remained the mayoral house ever since. Gracie Mansion, whose very existence is owed to Robert Moses, is opened for tours, and is a member of the Historic House Trust of New York. The Greco-Roman inspired Morgan Library and Museum was constructed between 1902 and 1906 as J. P. Morgan’s private library. The building, which has since been expanded, was designed by Charles Follen McKim. In 1924, the Library was opened to the public. The library’s interior is one of the most beautiful spaces in the City. (For more information on the Morgan Library photos of its ornate interior, check out our previous coverage). 8. The Frick Collection The Frick Collection is located in Henry Clay Frick’s former gilded-age mansion. The house was designed by Thomas Hastings (of Carrère and Hastings) in 1913 with additions by John Russell Pope. The house was opened to the public in 1935 and it is Frick’s personal collection that remains the core of the museum’s collection. Walking through the Frick Collection affords visitors the opportunity to go back in time and truly experience what Fifth Avenue was like in the Gilded Age. Also read about the hidden bowling alley that is off limits to the public! The studio of Edward Hopper Studio on Washington Square Park is open by appointment only and for special events. Hopper had a live-work studio there from 1913 until his death in 1967. He even painted the rooftop of the row house which was known as the “studio building,” and found much inspiration from the view for his urban paintings. The Mount Vernon Hotel Museum was constructed in 1799 as a carriage house. In 1826, the Federal style building was converted into a hotel. In 1924, the Colonial Dames of America purchased the building and converted it into a museum. Until 2000, the museum was known as the Abigail Adams Smith Museum. Its named was changed as Abigail, President John Adams’ daughter, and her husband had no connection with the current 1799 structure. The Player’s Club was founded in 1888 by Edwin Booth, the prominent Shakespearean actor and brother of John Wilkes Booth, along with 15 other incorporators (including Mark Twain and General William Tecumseh Sherman). Booth purchased an 1847 mansion fronting Gramercy Park and designed by Standford White. During his lifetime, Booth lived in the mansion’s upper floors and his room remains as it was when he died (including a skull he used in Hamlet). For more information on and photographs of the Player’s Club check out our previous coverage. Also make sure to join us for an upcoming tour inside The Players Club: The Tenement Museum is housed in a 1863 building on historic Orchard Street on the Lower East Side. Photo via Tenement Museum The Tenement Museum is located in an 1863 Italianate tenement on the Lower East Side. The building was discovered by Ruth Abram and Anita Jacobson in 1988. They restored the decaying building to tell the stories of the immigrant tenants who once lived there. Additionally, the museum has a book store that is well worth a trip in and of itself. The Tenement Museum is an affiliated site of the National Park Service. The Renee and Chaim Gross Foundation is located in a nineteenth century townhouse in Greenwich Village. Chaim and Renee moved into the townhouse in 1963 and created a sculpture studio on the ground floor. The studio space is now open to the public and is preserved as it was in Chaim Gross’ lifetime. (For information about Chaim Gross and the Foundation, check out our previous coverage). After you’ve hit all these up, head over to the Bronx for eight more house to museum conversions!

Prophet Musa and the Bani Israel When Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) and his people fled from the Egyptians, their trials were far from over. After they had safely crossed the sea, they came upon some people who were worshiping idols. The children of Israel asked Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) to make an idol for them, and he had to remind them of all that Allah had done for them. How could he make another god for them when their Allah was the only true god? Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) was summoned by Allah to Mount Sinai and he put his brother Harun(alayhis salam) in charge while he was gone. When he arrived at the appointed site, he asked to see Allah. Allah said He could not show Himself directly to Prophet Musa (alayhis salam), but Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) should look towards the mountain, and if the mountain remained in one piece, then Musa would see Allah. When Allah showed His glory on the mountain, it became like dust, and Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) fell down in a faint. When he had recovered his senses, he asked Allah’s forgiveness and declared his unquestioning belief in Allah. Then Allah spoke with Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) and gave him tablets containing His commands and explaining all things. Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) was to carry the tablets back to his people and convey to them the words of Allah. He spent forty days on the mount, communing with his Lord. Meanwhile, the people of Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) gathered together all their jewelry and gold which they had carried from Egypt. They melted it down and made it into the form of a calf, which they wished to worship. When Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) returned from the mountain with his tablets, he was angry and grieved to see the golden calf. Thinking that Harun (alayhis salam) had approved the actions of the Israelites, an angry Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) grabbed his brother by the hair and dragged Harun towards him. Harun hastily explained that the people had not listened to him and had even threatened to kill him when he opposed their activities. At this Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) prayed to Allah for forgiveness for both himself and his brother. He also prayed for mercy for those who repented of their evil deed in making the golden idol. The ultimate destination of the people of Israel was the land of Canaan. Continuously they rebelled against Allah, and continuously Allah forgave them. When they were thirsty, Allah commanded Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) to strike a rock and from it sprang twelve springs of water, one for each of the tribes of Israel. When they were hot, Allah provided clouds to cover the sun. When they were hungry, Allah provided manna and salwa. Yet they were never grateful. They even complained about the sameness of the diet and asked for more variety. At last they came to the land of Canaan. But because the people of Canaan were very strong-looking, the Israelites were afraid to invade their land. There were only two men who were willing to join Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) and Harun (alayhis salam) in an attempt to drive the Canaanites out. They counseled that if the proper gates were attacked, they could easily gain entrance. And once they were inside, they would easily be victorious if only they would put their trust in Allah. But the people of Israel would not budge. They told Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) and Harun (alayhis salam) to go with their Lord and fight, while they, the people, would sit and watch. At this Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) gave up trying to persuade his rebellious people. And Allah decreed that because of their behavior, the children of Israel would be condemned to wander in the wilderness for forty more years, before they would be allowed to enter the land of Canaan. You can read about the story of Prophet Musa (alayhis salam) and his people in the wilderness in al-Quran 2: 51-61; 5: 23-29; 7: 138-162; and 20: 80-98.

Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that involves the skin. It is rare and usually affects adults over the age of 50. Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are divided into two main categories: primary Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and secondary Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Primary Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas originate in the skin, while secondary Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas originate in other parts of the body and spread to the skin. Symptoms may include red or purple patches or bumps on the skin that do not go away, itching, or pain at the site of the lesions. Treatment depends on the type and stage of the disease but may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or surgical removal of affected areas. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which originates in the skin. It is a rare form of cancer, accounting for only 1-3% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. CBCL typically presents as one or more lesions on the skin, and can range from a localized form to an aggressive systemic disease. Risk factors for CBCL include immunosuppression, such as HIV infection or organ transplantation, and certain genetic conditions like ataxia telangiectasia. Treatment options depend on the stage and type of CBCL, but may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies and stem cell transplantation. What Causes Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma? Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma (CBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the skin. It is an uncommon type of cancer and is most often seen in adults over the age of 60. While it is unclear what causes CBCL, there are some risk factors that may increase a person’s chances of developing the condition. Risk factors for CBCL include: - Having a weakened immune system due to HIV, medications, or diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis - Exposure to certain chemicals such as arsenic and formaldehyde - Exposure to radiation - Family history of lymphomas It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean that a person will develop CBCL. However, it may be helpful for those with one or more risk factors to speak with their doctor about their individual risk for the condition. Additionally, research suggests that genetic mutations may be involved in the development of CBCL. Certain gene mutations have been found to increase a person’s risk for developing this condition, but more research is needed to fully understand how these mutations play a role in causing CBCL. Finally, there are also environmental factors that may increase a person’s chances of developing CBCL. For example, people who live in areas with high levels of air pollution may be at an increased risk for the condition. Additionally, exposure to certain viruses has been linked with an increased risk for CBCL. In summary, there are several potential causes and risk factors for Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma. While some of these causes and risk factors are known, further research is needed to fully understand what causes this condition. For those who have one or more of these risk factors it is important to speak with their doctor about their individual risks and how they can reduce them. Symptoms of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the skin’s cells. It is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, but it can be quite serious and may require treatment. Symptoms vary depending on the type of lymphoma, but some common signs and symptoms include: • Skin lesions that are red, purple, or gray in color and may be itchy or tender • Skin lesions that are raised or growing quickly • Swelling in the lymph nodes • Swelling in other parts of the body such as the legs or abdomen • Unexplained weight loss • Night sweats. In some cases, cutaneous B-cell lymphoma may cause other symptoms such as joint pain, bone pain, abdominal pain, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to speak with a doctor right away to rule out other causes and ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. Some types of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas can be treated with topical creams applied directly to the skin lesions. Other types may require radiation therapy or chemotherapy. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove tumors or affected areas of the skin. It is important to work with your doctor to determine an appropriate treatment plan that meets your individual needs. Diagnosis of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma (CBCL) is a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells in the skin. It can cause abnormal skin lesions, such as patches or bumps, which may be itchy or tender. If left untreated, CBCL can spread to other parts of the body and become life-threatening. The diagnosis of CBCL requires a thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider, including a physical exam and laboratory testing. Clinical evaluation is the first step in diagnosing CBCL. The healthcare provider will examine the skin to look for any suspicious lesions and take a detailed medical history to identify any risk factors or family history of cancer. This information will help guide further testing. Once CBCL is suspected, the next step is to confirm the diagnosis using laboratory tests. A biopsy may be performed to take a sample of tissue from the lesion for laboratory analysis. This tissue sample can be used to identify the presence of cancerous cells and rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms. Blood tests may also be ordered to measure levels of certain proteins associated with lymphoma and help confirm diagnosis. Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans are also used to evaluate CBCL and assess how far it has spread in the body. These tests can provide detailed images of organs and tissues that can reveal any areas where lymphoma has metastasized (spread). Finally, genetic testing may be performed if necessary in order to provide additional information about the tumor’s characteristics which can help guide treatment options. This test examines changes in certain genes associated with cancer and can provide more insight into how aggressive or treatable a particular case may be. Diagnosing CBCL requires careful evaluation by a healthcare provider combined with laboratory testing, imaging studies, and possibly genetic testing depending on each individual case. With this information, an accurate diagnosis can be made so that patients can receive appropriate treatment as soon as possible for better outcomes in their care plan. Standard American Treatment Options for Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a type of cancer that originates in the skin. It can be very difficult to treat and can cause significant discomfort and pain if left untreated. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available to those suffering from CBCL. Here are some of the most common treatments: - Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy is often used to treat CBCL, as it can help shrink tumors, reduce inflammation, and kill cancer cells. - Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may also be used to treat CBCL, as it can help reduce tumor size and kill off cancer cells. - Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy uses medications to stimulate the immune system and help it fight off cancer cells. - Surgery: Surgery may be used to remove tumors or lymph nodes that are affected by CBCL. - Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapies use drugs that target specific proteins in cancer cells, which can help slow or stop their growth. In addition to these treatments, patients may also benefit from lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise. These changes can help strengthen the immune system and improve overall health, which can in turn help fight off the cancer. It is important for patients with CBCL to work closely with their doctor in order to determine the best course of treatment for them. With the right care and support, patients can have a better chance of managing their condition and living a full life. Prognosis of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Cutaneous B-Cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the skin. Although CBCL can be a serious condition, prognosis depends on many factors, including the stage and type of cancer, as well as age and general health. The most common types of CBCL are mycosis fungoides (MF) and primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL). The treatment for these types varies depending on the stage of the lymphoma. In general, patients with early stages have a better prognosis than those with later stages. In general, patients with early stages of CBCL have a good prognosis and can expect to be cured or have their symptoms managed for many years to come. Treatment typically involves topical creams or lotions, oral chemotherapy drugs, radiation therapy or light therapy. Surgery may also be an option if needed. Patients with more advanced stages may require more aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. These treatments can cause side effects such as hair loss, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. The prognosis in these cases depends on how well the cancer responds to treatment and how quickly it progresses. In addition to treatment options, lifestyle changes can also help improve prognosis for cutaneous B-cell lymphoma patients. Eating a healthy diet full of fruits, vegetables and whole grains can help boost the immune system and reduce inflammation in the body. Regular exercise is also important for overall health and wellbeing. It is important to stay away from smoking or drinking alcohol as these can increase risk for complications associated with CBCL. Overall, prognosis for cutaneous B-cell lymphoma depends on many factors such as stage and type of cancer as well as age and lifestyle choices. Early diagnosis is key to having a better outcome so it is important to seek medical attention if any signs or symptoms of CBCL arise. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, CBCL patients can often have successful outcomes long into remission or even cure their disease altogether! Complications Associated with Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in the skin. This rare form of cancer affects the lymphocytes, or white blood cells, and is most commonly found in the face, neck, scalp, and arms. While CBCL can be treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy, there are several potential complications associated with it. The most common complication of CBCL is scarring. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy can cause scarring in the affected area, which can lead to disfigurement and loss of feeling. Additionally, radiation therapy may cause other skin issues such as dryness, redness, and blistering. Another potential complication is infection. Because CBCL affects the immune system, patients may be more prone to infections such as bacterial or fungal infections. These infections can be serious and require medical attention to prevent further complications. CBCL can also cause secondary cancers such as leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These types of cancer can occur in patients who have been treated for CBCL with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Additionally, patients who have had CBCL may be at an increased risk for other types of cancer because their weakened immune systems make them more susceptible to developing cancerous cells. For some patients, CBCL can also lead to lymphedema. This condition occurs when lymph nodes are unable to drain properly due to damage caused by radiation therapy or chemotherapy treatments for CBCL. Lymphedema can lead to swelling in the affected area and cause discomfort or pain. Finally, some patients may experience psychological effects from being diagnosed with CBCL such as depression or anxiety. These feelings may be compounded by the physical symptoms associated with CBCL treatments such as fatigue or nausea. Patients should speak to their doctors if they experience any psychological symptoms related to their diagnosis so that they can receive treatment if necessary. Although CBCL is a serious condition that requires treatment, there are several potential complications associated with it that should be taken into consideration before beginning any type of treatment plan. Coping with a Diagnosis of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Receiving a diagnosis of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma can be overwhelming and difficult to cope with. However, there are strategies available that can help you manage the physical and emotional challenges associated with the condition. Here are some tips for coping with a diagnosis of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: • Educate Yourself: Learning about cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is an important part of understanding the condition and its treatment options. Read up on the condition to gain knowledge and make sure you understand how your particular form of the disease may affect you. • Reach Out for Support: Having the support of family and friends can be invaluable when dealing with a difficult situation like this. Talk to them about your diagnosis and how they can help you through it. It’s also important to find professional support, such as therapy or support groups, so you have someone to talk to when things get tough. • Take Care of Yourself: Be sure to take care of yourself physically and emotionally during this time. Eat healthy, exercise regularly, get enough rest, and take time for activities that make you feel good. Taking care of yourself will help keep your mind and body strong during treatment. • Make Changes to Your Lifestyle: Depending on your particular type of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, there may be changes in lifestyle that you need to make in order to manage the disease more effectively. This could include reducing stress levels, avoiding certain foods or products that may trigger flare ups, or making other lifestyle changes that will benefit your health in the long run. • Stay Positive: It’s easy to get overwhelmed by negative emotions when dealing with a serious health issue like cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Try your best not to focus too much on what could go wrong, but rather stay focused on taking care of yourself and keeping an optimistic outlook. Talking positively about your situation can help keep you feeling motivated even when things seem bleak. By taking these steps, those living with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma can better manage their condition and work towards finding peace in their new reality. With patience, hard work, and dedication it is possible to lead a fulfilling life despite having this type of cancer. Final Words On Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal B-cells in the skin. This type of lymphoma can be difficult to diagnose and treat due to its rarity and the fact that it often presents in atypical ways. Treatment usually involves a combination of radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In terms of prognosis, there is no one size fits all answer since the disease can vary so much from patient to patient. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, most patients are able to live long healthy lives. Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma is a serious condition that requires careful monitoring and treatment by trained medical professionals. It is important for patients to understand their disease so they can make informed decisions about their care. Additionally, those who are at risk should undergo regular screenings to ensure any signs or symptoms are caught early on. The more we learn about Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma, the better we can understand how to diagnose and treat it effectively. By staying informed on the latest developments in this field and advocating for more research into this rare form of cancer, we can help improve outcomes for patients everywhere.

The Quonset hut is a structure the design of which was patterned after the Nissen hut used during the First World War. Back then, many American Quonset hut manufacturers came from the George A. Fuller construction firm which the US Navy commissioned in 1941 to produce a multi-purpose building made of lightweight materials. The name for the structure was derived from the place where this was first manufactured, Quonset Point, a small village in Davisville, Rhode Island, where the Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center was then stationed. Compare Prefab Garage Prices and save up to 30%! Compare Quonset Hut Prices and save up to 30%! The original design of the early Quonset hut was fashioned from galvanized steel and was semi-cylindrical in shape. The hut, as requested by the US Navy, was known for being assembled with great ease even by those with very little manufacturing skills. Early use of the Quonset hut was for storage purposes, and because the original quonset hut manufacturers made the design of the structure quite simple, this allowed for quick and easy transport as the hut can be torn down quite easily. It is for this very same reason why Quonset huts remain highly popular up to the present time. Modern Day Quonset Hut Suppliers The modern-day quonset hut manufacturers are known to make use of various materials when it comes to constructing the Quonset. The original galvanized steel is still in use, but high grade steel is becoming quite popular. Metal-based Quonset huts are likewise available in the market. In this particular case, the metal sheets are usually given the appropriate coating or treatment so that the structure will last for many years even if this gets exposed to harsh elements. Quonset huts fashioned from metal sheets actually offer several advantages. For starters, these are known for their arched shape, and this enables the roof weight to spread out evenly all across the structure. Needless to say, this makes the hut less prone to possible collapses. Additionally, there is better aerodynamics among many metal-based Quonset huts. As such, they are often preferred by people living in windy areas such as rolling hills. Getting to purchase Quonset huts founded on metal should not be too difficult to do. A good number of stores operating in the Internet are known to offer services that involve the construction of customized metal Quonset huts. Some of them even extend free quotations for those who are interested in Quonset huts so an estimate of all possible expenses can be made. Of course, there is a need to practice caution when purchasing metal Quonset huts online. Ideally, any transaction entered into should only be with credible quonset hut manufacturers.

Mental health in Tulsa Common Mental Health Disorders The most prevalent mental health disorders in Tulsa are anxiety and depression, which affect approximately one in five residents. Depression is the leading cause of disability in the city, followed closely by anxiety disorders. Other common mental health disorders in Tulsa include bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many factors contribute to the high prevalence of mental health disorders in Tulsa, including poverty, unemployment, lack of access to healthcare, and a history of trauma and abuse. In addition, the city has experienced a surge in drug and alcohol addiction, which is closely linked to mental health disorders. Mental Health Resources in Tulsa Despite the high prevalence of mental health disorders in Tulsa, access to treatment is limited for many individuals. There is a shortage of mental health professionals and treatment facilities, particularly in low-income areas of the city. However, there are resources available for those seeking help. The Mental Health Association Oklahoma (MHAO) is a nonprofit organization that offers support, education, and advocacy for individuals with mental health disorders in Tulsa. They provide a range of services, including support groups, housing assistance, and education programs. The Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services is also a vital resource for those seeking mental health treatment in Tulsa. They offer a 24/7 Crisis Text Line as well as a statewide referral service for mental health and substance abuse treatment. Stigma and Discrimination Despite efforts to increase access to mental health treatment, stigma and discrimination remain significant barriers in Tulsa. The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) Tulsa works to combat stigma and promote understanding and acceptance of mental health disorders in the city through education, support, and advocacy. Positive Statistics and Facts While mental health disorders are a significant concern in Tulsa, there are reasons to be optimistic. Studies have shown that treatment for mental health disorders is effective and leads to positive outcomes. Additionally, Oklahoma has made progress in reducing the rate of suicide, which is a significant concern for those struggling with mental illness. Furthermore, the city has seen an increase in mental health awareness and advocacy, driven by organizations and individuals who are dedicated to reducing the stigma surrounding mental health. This has led to increased funding for mental health programs and services, which will hopefully improve access to treatment for those in need. In conclusion, mental health disorders are a prevalent issue in Tulsa, Oklahoma. However, with increased awareness, support, and access to treatment, individuals with mental health concerns can lead fulfilling and productive lives. It is essential to continue advocating for better mental health resources and reducing stigma to create a healthier and more supportive community for all residents of Tulsa.

The years 2020 and 2021 have been an absolute nightmare for many of us due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, mental health issues have risen significantly over the past two years as the pandemic impacts our society in ways we have never seen. For this reason, we need mental resilience. Mental resilience refers to the ability or skill of a person to respond effectively to risk, stress, pressure, and adversity. So this means, going through something challenging, yet still being able to emerge on the other side still intact, perhaps, much better than you were heading into the challenge. How then do you build your mental health resilience? Accept the gravity of the situation One of the ways in which our brains try to cope will often be downplaying the significance of what is going on. However, this is detrimental. When you downplay the gravity of the challenges you are facing, you become unlikely to come up with solutions for the situation. Rather than make what you are going through insignificant, accept it. Allow yourself to feel uncomfortable in the challenges. The uncomfortable feelings help you begin working on solutions. Build positive thinking As you admit to your situation, do not settle into a defeatist attitude while at it. If the matter is great, it might be tempting to throw your hands up in the air and say you can’t do it. However, to be mentally strong, once you admit the challenge you are facing is big, the next thing is to believe that you can overcome it. This belief then leads to the next tip- You cannot control how the challenges you are facing evolve, but you can control how you react to them. Remember early in the days of the pandemic when people took to balconies to sing and dance? That is an example of taking charge and making the best of the situation. While you don’t need to dance and sing through each problem, taking charge means adapting to the challenges and working through them with commitment. Make supportive connections We are social beings who need each other. So, to improve your chances of bouncing back from adversity, build meaningful connections with people. Having a reliable support system means that you have people who can come through for you and help manage your challenges, or at least, be there for you emotionally as you struggle through your adversity. You can also join group activities that you enjoy, such as music instrument groups, hiking groups, etc. These groups often act as social pillars. Remember, every challenge that you face can be overcome. Keep that in mind each time you want to give up too soon. Check out more articles.

A vial of Ac-225 produced by Niowave stands next to its lead shipping pig. (Photo: Niowave) According to the Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals, more than 82,000 nuclear imaging procedures using nuclear medicine are performed throughout the world every day. To administer these vital medical procedures, radiopharmaceutical companies and hospitals rely on a handful of producers of medical radioisotopes. March 1, 2021, 3:01PMUpdated August 25, 2023, 3:21PMNuclear News The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station site. Image: Courtesy of TEPCO. Earlier this week, Japan announced its intention to move ahead with its plan to discharge re-treated, diluted tritiated wastewater from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the ocean. This plan has been a topic of discussion--and for many a source of contention--since 2013. After a decade of talks, and with the endorsement of nuclear scientists, experts, and organizations around the globe, the time has come to act. By following safety standards in place and endorsed by the IAEA, the release of wastewater will pose no threat to the public or the environment. The article below was originally published in the March 2021 issue of Nuclear News. (Also included in that issue is a great review article from Lake Barrett outlining the current status of the decontamination and decommissioning going on at Fukushima .) That month marked 10 years since the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami devastated Japan and crippled the Fukushima plant. The words that follow remain timely, since various news outlets continue to report on the dangers of Fukushima's wastewater without providing context to the Japanese plan to discharge it. Treated water is safer than world standards, essential for decommissioning Washington, D.C. – The American Nuclear Society (ANS) supports the start of Japan’s controlled release of re-treated, diluted tritium wastewater into the sea from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), which sustained damage in the aftermath of a 2011 earthquake and tsunami. A photo from 2021 of the Fukushima nuclear power station with the more than 1,000 water storage tanks on site. (Photo: TEPCO) We’ve all seen the headlines such as “Should Japan Dump Fukushima's Radioactive Water into the Ocean?” along with “Japan Set to Pour Fukushima Waste into Pacific, Irking China” and “Japan Is Slowly but Surely Releasing Wastewater from the Fukushima Nuclear Plant into the Pacific Ocean.” The most recent spate of fearmongering was triggered by the IAEA’s July 4 announcement that the agency had finished its independent assessment of Japan’s plans to release the treated wastewater stored at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station and found the plan “consistent with IAEA Safety Standards.” A current picture of the Fukushima nuclear power station with the more than 1,000 water storage tanks on site. Photo: Courtesy of TEPCO. The Japanese government will soon announce the decision to dispose of stockpiled Fukushima wastewater into the Pacific Ocean, according to an AP News story published last Friday. The decision is years in the making and follows the guidelines from a panel of government-appointed experts named the Subcommittee on Handling of the ALPS-Treated Water (ALPS Subcommittee).

What Is a Yeast Infection? Yeast infections are a form of fungal infection occurring in both women and men. One of the most common forms is called vaginal candidiasis, a yeast infection of the vagina. Infections of this type are marked by itchiness, irritation, and a whitish or watery discharge from the vulva (vaginal opening). Most vaginal yeast infections are relatively mild and easy to treat. More complicated infections typically occur in conjunction with a pregnancy or another medical condition. Though not viewed as sexually transmitted, yeast infections have been linked to increased sexual activity, vaginal and oral. It is estimated that as many as three-quarters of all women will experience a vaginal yeast infection at some point in their lives, oftentimes more than one. What Are the Symptoms of a Yeast Infection? The following symptoms are associated with a vaginal yeast infection: - Swelling and redness - Genital rash - A whitish vaginal discharge, with a lumpy or watery consistency - A burning or painful feeling during urination or sexual intercourse What Is the Cause of a Yeast Infection? The cause of a vaginal yeast infection is yeast, especially the single-celled fungus known as Candida albicans. It often lives with other microorganisms inside the human oral and gastrointestinal tracts. Most yeast cells are benign, but can turn pathogenic (disease-causing) if not held in check by healthy bacterial strains that are also native to the digestive system. Anything that disturbs the natural balance between fungal and bacterial populations in the gut can spur yeast growth and infection. Risk factors for yeast growth include: - Antibiotics, which kill healthy as well as pathogenic bacteria - Oral contraceptives - Estrogen hormone therapy - A compromised immune system - Unmanaged or poorly managed diabetes Sexual contact can also transmit yeast cells from person to person. It is important to note, however, that sex itself is a not a cause of infection. Persons who are sexually inactive can also develop yeast infections, through factors such as poor hygiene and a high-sugar diet. How Is a Yeast Infection Diagnosed? The diagnosis of a vaginal yeast infection relies on the following steps: - Physical examination: Your physician will ask about your symptoms and record your medical history. He or she will want to know whether you’ve had any previous yeast infections. - Pelvic exam: The second step is a pelvic exam. Your physician will check your external genitals for evidence of infection. He or she may also use a speculum to conduct a similar examination of the vagina’s interior walls. - Sample collection and analysis: If there is evidence of infection, your physician might also collect a fluid sample from the vagina. This will be analyzed in a lab to identify the pathogen causing the infection. How Is a Yeast Infection Treated? Most vaginal yeast infections are relatively easy to treat: - Simple infections: For simple infections, a short, 3-7 day course of antifungal medication. - Complicated infections: Complicated infections are those with more severe symptoms, often exacerbated by pregnancy or another medical condition, such as diabetes. The pathogen may be a different yeast strain than Candida albicans. Treatment is similar to that for a simple infection, only considerably longer – possibly six weeks or more. A frequently prescribed, long-term antifungal medication is fluconazole. Yeast infections are more common than anyone would like. Fortunately, they’re also treatable. In most cases, symptoms are mild and can be brought under control in a short period of time. Can Yeast Infections be Prevented? Vaginal yeast infections are also preventable. To stay infection free, avoid: - Long periods in wet clothing - Hot tubs and steamy showers - Overuse of antibiotics - Scented feminine products and douches - Tight clothing, including jeans, underwear, and pantyhose If you are sexually active and your infection is recurrent, your partner may be the source. Sexual prophylaxis, including condom use, can decrease the likelihood of repetitious infections. Learn More about Yeast Infections from Baptist Health For more information about yeast infection prevention and treatment, schedule an appointment with a Baptist Health Gynecologist. Find a Location Next Steps with MyChart Discover MyChart, a free patient portal that combines your Baptist Health medical records into one location. Schedule appointments, review lab results, financials, and more! If you have questions, give us a call.

The Prawn Supply Chain Above you will see the infographic that simply maps out the supply chain of farmed prawns. In the past, there has been human trafficking and slavery on the fishing vessels for the catching of “trash fish” for the production of fishmeal to feed the prawns, on the prawn farms, the processing/ peeling factories. News providers including The Guardian, Associated Press, and The New York Times, have reported multiple instances of human trafficking in the prawn industry in Thailand and SE Asia. Despite recent governmental developments, a variety of issues remain including: high risk recruitment practices, labour agent practices, corruption, inadequate labour inspections and prosecution, and continuing indicators of forced labour. Some companies like Nestlé, are finding that they are having to persist at tackling the problems in the supply chain. They have worked at increased supply chain traceability by forming additional partnerships with NGOs, government, and producers. BAP (The Global Aquaculture Alliance’s Best Aquaculture Practices) 3rd party certification program has seen the vulnerability of outsourcing and have gone as far as to prohibited outsourcing to prawn processing/peeling sheds. The supply chain issues are complex, hidden and because it is so profitable people trying to tackling the issues are having to persist. Some helpful learnings on diligence and persistence in this area has been developed by NGO, Fishwise. They propose that seafood buyers for imported prawns (and seafood) should: 1. Map it: Request full traceability to legal vessels, farms, and inputs 2. Analyze: Conduct a risk assessment and focus work on areas of the highest risk 3. Commit and track: Ensure that each link in the supply chain makes a binding, documentable commitment to social responsibility goals and to tracking progress against those goals 4. Communicate with vendors: Share concerns with vendors and ensure improvements are made 5. Audit and certify: Support unannounced labour audits of vessels, farms, and processing facilities and seek certification or adhere to best practice guidance 6. Communicate with consumers: Provide clear information to consumers regarding sourcing and sustainability 7. Engage: Participate in multi-stakeholder dialogues and support relevant policy to combat illegal fishing and human rights or labour abuses 8. Support improvements: Consider supporting Fishery and Aquaculture Improvement Projects with social components or providing support to social initiatives 9. Share: Promote transparency and positive social stories

Hiking is a popular outdoor activity enjoyed by many people around the world. It’s a great way to exercise, enjoy nature, and explore new trails. However, it can also be a challenging activity that requires strength and endurance, particularly in the knees. Knee injuries are one of the most common injuries experienced by hikers, and they can greatly affect your ability to enjoy the activity. Therefore, it is essential to strengthening your knees before hitting the trails. To strengthen your knees for hiking, you can perform exercises that target the quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes, stretch to improve knee flexibility, use appropriate footwear and trekking poles, and maintain a healthy diet and weight. In this article, I will discuss effective ways to strengthen your knees for hiking in detail, including exercises, stretches, and proper nutrition. By the end of this article, you’ll be able to improve your knee health and enjoy hiking with less risk of injury. Understanding the Knee Joint The knee joint is the largest joint in the human body and is responsible for supporting the weight of the body while allowing for movement, such as bending and straightening of the leg. The knee joint is made up of three bones: the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and patella (kneecap). These bones are connected by ligaments, tendons, and muscles, which work together to keep the joint stable. The knee joint is also supported by cartilage, which acts as a cushion between the bones, and synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint to reduce friction during movement. However, due to the complex nature of the knee joint, it is susceptible to injury, particularly during activities like hiking, which put stress on the joint. Common knee injuries experienced by hikers include knee sprains, strains, and patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), also known as “runner’s knee.” These injuries can be painful and limit your ability to enjoy hiking. By understanding the anatomy and function of the knee joint, you can take steps to prevent these injuries and strengthen your knees for hiking. Exercises to Strengthen Knee Muscles Strengthening the muscles around the knee joint is an effective way to improve knee stability and reduce the risk of injury during hiking. Here are some exercises to help strengthen your knee muscles: Squats are an effective exercise to strengthen your quadriceps, which are the muscles on the front of your thigh that help to extend your knee. To perform squats, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and slowly lower your body by bending your knees and pushing your hips back. Keep your chest lifted and your knees aligned with your toes. Return to the starting position and repeat for 10-12 repetitions. Lunges are another great exercise for strengthening the quadriceps, as well as the hamstrings and glutes. To perform lunges, step forward with one foot and lower your body by bending your front knee and lowering your back knee toward the ground. Keep your chest lifted and your front knee aligned with your toes. Return to the starting position and repeat with the other leg. Aim for 10-12 repetitions on each leg. 3. Leg Extensions Leg extensions target the quadriceps muscles and can be performed using a weight machine or resistance bands. Sit on a chair or bench with your feet flat on the ground and your knees bent. Place a weight or resistance band around your ankle and extend your leg out in front of you, keeping your knee straight. Slowly lower your leg back down and repeat for 10-12 repetitions on each leg. 4. Hamstring Curls Hamstring curls target the muscles on the back of your thigh that help to flex your knee. To perform hamstring curls, lie face down on a bench or stability ball with your legs straight out behind you. Contract your hamstring muscles to bring your heels toward your buttocks, then slowly lower back down. Repeat for 10-12 repetitions. 5. Glute Bridges Glute bridges target the glute muscles, which help to stabilize the knee joint. To perform glute bridges, lie on your back with your knees bent and your feet flat on the ground. Lift your hips up toward the ceiling, squeezing your glute muscles at the top of the movement. Lower your hips back down and repeat for 10-12 repetitions. Incorporating these exercises into your workout routine can help to strengthen your knee muscles and reduce your risk of injury during hiking. It’s important to start with lighter weights or resistance and gradually increase as you build strength. Be sure to maintain proper form and technique to avoid injury. Stretching to Improve Knee Flexibility Stretching is an essential component of any exercise routine, and it’s particularly important for improving knee flexibility and preventing injury during hiking. Here are some stretching exercises to help improve knee flexibility: 1. Quad Stretch The quad stretch targets the quadriceps muscles on the front of your thigh. To perform this stretch, stand with your feet hip-width apart and bend your left knee, bringing your heel toward your buttocks. Hold onto your left ankle with your left hand and gently pull your heel toward your buttocks until you feel a stretch in your quadriceps. Hold for 15-30 seconds and repeat on the other side. 2. Hamstring Stretch The hamstring stretch targets the muscles on the back of your thigh that help to flex your knee. To perform this stretch, sit on the ground with your legs straight out in front of you. Lean forward from your hips and reach toward your toes, keeping your knees straight. Hold the stretch for 15-30 seconds. 3. Calf Stretch The calf stretch targets the muscles in your lower leg, which can affect the movement and stability of your knee joint. To perform this stretch, stand facing a wall and place your hands on the wall at shoulder height. Step back with your right foot, keeping your right heel on the ground. Lean forward into the wall, keeping your right knee straight, until you feel a stretch in your right calf. Hold for 15-30 seconds and repeat on the other side. 4. IT Band Stretch The iliotibial (IT) band is a thick band of tissue that runs along the outside of your thigh and can become tight and painful during hiking. To stretch your IT band, stand with your left foot crossed behind your right foot. Reach your left arm over your head and lean to the right, feeling a stretch along the outside of your left thigh. Hold for 15-30 seconds and repeat on the other side. Incorporating these stretches into your warm-up routine can help to improve knee flexibility and prevent injury during hiking. Be sure to stretch gently and avoid bouncing, which can cause injury. If you experience pain or discomfort during any stretch, stop immediately and consult with a healthcare professional. Protecting Your Knees During Hiking Protecting your knees during hiking is essential to prevent injuries and maintain healthy knee joints. Here are 5 tips to protect your knees during hiking: - Wear Appropriate Footwear: Wearing appropriate footwear with good support is crucial for protecting your knees during hiking. Choose shoes or boots with good traction and ankle support, which can help to stabilize your knee joints and reduce the risk of injury. - Use Trekking Poles: Trekking poles can provide additional support and stability during hiking, particularly when navigating difficult terrain. They can also help to reduce the impact on your knee joints by absorbing some of the shocks with each step. - Practice Proper Hiking: Technique Proper hiking techniques can also help to protect your knees. Avoid locking your knees when walking and try to keep your weight centered over your feet. Take small steps and avoid over-striding, which can put additional stress on your knee joints. - Gradually Increase Intensity: If you’re new to hiking or returning after a break, it’s important to gradually increase the intensity of your hikes to avoid overexerting yourself and putting undue stress on your knees. Start with shorter, less challenging hikes and gradually increase the distance and difficulty over time. - Consider Knee Braces or Supportive Gear: If you have a history of knee problems or are experiencing knee pain, consider wearing knee braces or other supportive gear during hiking. These can help to stabilize your knee joint and reduce the risk of injury. If you experience knee pain or discomfort during hiking, stop immediately and rest. If the pain persists, consult with a healthcare professional. Nutrition and Supplementation for Knee Health Nutrition and supplementation can play an important role in maintaining healthy knee joints and preventing knee injuries during hiking. Here are 5 tips for improving your knee health through nutrition and supplementation: - Eat a Balanced Diet: Eating a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-rich foods can help to support your knee health. Focus on eating whole foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. These foods provide essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which can help to reduce inflammation and support joint health. - Incorporate Anti-Inflammatory Foods: Inflammation can contribute to knee pain and joint damage, so incorporating anti-inflammatory foods into your diet can be beneficial for knee health. Examples of anti-inflammatory foods include fatty fish, nuts, seeds, olive oil, turmeric, ginger, and leafy greens. - Consider Supplements: Supplements can also be beneficial for knee health. Glucosamine and chondroitin are popular supplements that can help to reduce joint pain and improve joint function. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements, such as fish oil, can also help to reduce inflammation and support joint health. - Stay Hydrated: Staying hydrated is essential for maintaining healthy joints, as water helps to lubricate the joints and keep them flexible. Aim to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water per day, and more if you’re hiking in hot weather. - Maintain a Healthy Weight: Carrying excess weight can put additional stress on your knee joints, increasing the risk of injury and joint damage. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help to reduce the load on your knees and improve your knee health. Be sure to talk to a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or making significant changes to your diet. In conclusion, knee strength and flexibility are essential for hiking and enjoying the outdoors without injury. Incorporating exercises to strengthen your knee muscles, stretches to improve knee flexibility, and proper nutrition and hydration into your routine can help to support your knee health and prevent injuries during hiking. Additionally, using appropriate footwear, and trekking poles, and practicing proper hiking techniques can further protect your knees during hikes. If you experience knee pain or discomfort during hiking, it’s important to stop immediately and rest. Consult with a healthcare professional if the pain persists. By taking steps to maintain healthy knee joints, you can enjoy the benefits of hiking for years to come.

In honor of Earth Day on April 22nd, we wanted to address the crucial matter of soil health. Many of us do not appreciate the gift of soil but if we are concerned with our health and the health of the planet, it is critical to begin a journey of self-education regarding the importance of good soil. What your fruits and vegetables are grown in and what our meat-producing animals eat is integral to the type of nutrients that we are consuming. Regenerative agricultural practices help maintain the health of our local soil while increasing the nutritional profile of our local produce. Good soil is also a major factor in preventing extreme flooding as it absorbs water at a faster rate than dirt. What’s more, the management of soil is very important to the issue of taking carbon emissions out of the atmosphere and impeding the amount of phosphorous in our waterways. There is so much to learn about soil and Kennett Community Grocer is committed to being your teacher through future educational sessions in partnership with the Kennett Library. In the meantime, please check out the Pennsylvania Association of Sustainable Agriculture website at www.PASAfarming.org. There you will find many resources on soil management, farming practices and learn so much about the farms who will one day supply our store. Can’t wait to buy their products! But we cannot do that until you JOIN US! PLEASE BECOME A MEMBER-OWNER TODAY! Already a member-owner? Please follow us on Instagram and Facebook, post, tag your friends, help us get the word out!

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has decided to remove the mention of Khalistan, a proposed separate Sikh nation, from its Class 12 political science textbook. Table of Contents NCERT Drops Khalistan Mention From Syllabus The decision was taken after the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), the apex body for management of gurdwaras in Punjab, wrote a letter to the NCERT demanding that the “objectionable content” against Sikhs be removed. What was the objectionable content? The SGPC objected to a paragraph in the chapter titled ‘Regional Aspirations’, which describes the changes in India post-partition. The paragraph talks about the Anandpur Sahib Resolution of 1973, which was initiated by the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD), a political party representing the Sikhs. The resolution asks for more powers to states and greater autonomy for the state of Punjab, among other things. The NCERT textbook read: “The resolution was a plea for strengthening federalism. But it could also be interpreted as a plea for a separate Sikh nation.” The SGPC claimed that this line was misleading and misrepresenting the resolution. They also objected to another line in the next paragraph that said: “The more extreme elements started advocating for secession from India and the creation of Khalistan.” What has been changed? The NCERT constituted an expert committee to examine the SGPC’s demands and made changes based on its suggestions. The line that said “But it could also be interpreted as a plea for a separate Sikh nation” has been dropped. The line that said “and the creation of Khalistan” has also been dropped. The NCERT issued a corrigendum and made corrections in the online version of the textbook. The printed books have already been distributed and will not be changed. Why is this important? The decision to remove the references to Khalistan from the NCERT textbook comes at a time when there is a renewed debate on the issue of federalism and state autonomy in India. Some states have expressed their dissatisfaction with the central government’s policies and have demanded more say in matters affecting them. The issue of Khalistan also has historical and political significance, as it was linked to a violent separatist movement in Punjab in the 1980s and 1990s that claimed thousands of lives. The NCERT’s decision has been welcomed by some Sikh groups and leaders, who said that it was a step towards correcting the historical wrongs done to the community. However, some critics have questioned the rationale behind the decision and accused the NCERT of succumbing to political pressure and compromising on academic integrity. FAQs – NCERT Drops Khalistan Mention From Syllabus What is NCERT? NCERT stands for National Council of Educational Research and Training. It is an autonomous organisation under the Ministry of Education that develops curricula and textbooks for school education in India. What is Khalistan? Khalistan is a proposed separate nation for Sikhs, who are a religious minority in India. The demand for Khalistan emerged in the 1970s and 1980s as a response to perceived discrimination and oppression by the central government. The movement turned violent and led to clashes between Sikh militants and security forces, resulting in many deaths and human rights violations. The movement subsided after the Indian Army’s operation to flush out militants from the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine of Sikhs, in 1984. What is Anandpur Sahib Resolution? Anandpur Sahib Resolution is a document adopted by the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) in 1973 at Anandpur Sahib, a town in Punjab. The resolution outlines the political, economic, social and religious demands of the Sikhs. It calls for greater autonomy for Punjab and other states, recognition of Sikhism as a distinct religion, protection of minority rights, decentralisation of power, and equitable distribution of resources, among other things. Also Read - 10 Habits of Good Students

Profiles of 222Rn, chlorophyll, nutrients, oxygen, temperature, and salinity taken within a cold filament observed in satellite images of the northern California coastal transition zone provide evidence that there is strong vertical transport out of the surface layer by subduction processes occuring within these features. Layers of chlorophyll found below the euphotic zone have associated with them other characteristics of water that at one time had been in contact with the sea surface, including deficiencies of 222Rn with respect to 226Ra, elevated oxygen cpncentrations, and warm water on plots of temperature and salinity. The data indicate that the subsurface maxima in chlorophyll are derived from subducted surface layers and are not produced by in situ phytoplankton growth nor derived by particle settling. The presence of a 222Rn deficiency at depth further suggests that the subducted water had been in contact with the surface within the past week and indicates that the rate of vertical transport is approximately 25 m/d. This has important implications for the fate of the filaments and for the high primary productivity within them. |Number of pages |Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |Published - Aug 15 1991 Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright: Copyright 1991 by the American Geophysical Union. ASJC Scopus subject areas - Geochemistry and Petrology - Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) - Space and Planetary Science

Our most popular education articles of 2021 explore how to navigate some of this year’s challenges—including grief, boredom, and isolation—while uplifting our capacity for connection, belonging, and healing. Several articles also highlight how character, conscience, and kindness can guide us toward greater meaning in our lives. If you are looking for specific activities to support your students’ and colleagues’ social and emotional well-being in 2022, visit our Greater Good in Education website, featuring free research-based practices, lessons, and strategies for cultivating kinder, happier, and more equitable classrooms and schools. And for a deeper dive into the science behind social-emotional learning, mindfulness, and ethical development, consider our suite of self-paced online courses for educational professionals, including our capstone course, Teaching and Learning for the Greater Good. Here are the 12 best education articles of 2021, based on a composite ranking of pageviews and editors’ picks. How to Help Students Feel a Sense of Belonging During the Pandemic, by Mary C. Murphy, Kathryn Boucher, and Christine Logel: Belonging and connection in the classroom contribute to success and well-being, particularly for marginalized students. Four Ways Teachers Can Help Students Develop a Conscience, by Vicki Zakrzewski: How do kids develop a sense of right and wrong—and what can educators do to help them act on their conscience? How to Help Students of Color Find Their Power, by Brandy Arnold: Project Wayfinder is helping Black and Latino students explore their identities and goals. What a Children’s Book Taught Me (and My Students) About Grief, by Lauren McGovern: Teaching sixth graders about grief helped teacher Lauren McGovern after the loss of her son. 36 Questions That Can Help Kids Make Friends, by Jill Suttie: A question-and-answer exercise may help middle schoolers build friendships, including with kids of different ethnicities. How to Make This Hard Transition Back to School With Your Students, by Amy L. Eva: Here are three ways educators can support their students (and each other) this fall. A Different Way to Respond When Kids Do Something Wrong, by Joanne Chen: Restorative practices—taking responsibility, making amends, and seeking forgiveness—are an alternative to strict punishments and blame. What Do Kids Mean When They Say They’re Bored at School?, by Rebecca Branstetter: Boredom can be a temporary emotion or a sign of a deeper issue, says a school psychologist. How to Help Students Be the Best Version of Themselves, by Karen E. Bohlin and Deborah Farmer Kris: When students are facing challenges, educators can help them reflect on—and act on—what matters to them. Four Character Strengths That Can Help Kids Learn, by Carol Lloyd: Research suggests that fostering character strengths can help children be better students. How Educators Can Help Make a Kinder World, by Vicki Zakrzewski: By integrating character education, SEL, and mindfulness, schools can cultivate the inherent goodness in students. Three Strategies for Helping Students Discuss Controversial Issues, by Lauren Fullmer and Laura Bond: Here are research-based ways to facilitate civil discourse in the classroom. Bonus: Science of Happiness Podcast Episodes Episode 94: How to Craft Your Life: When the world around you changes, so can your goals. Our guest, Patty Brown, tries a practice to tap into a new sense of purpose. Episode 96: Don’t Be Afraid of Your Anger: What happens when we suppress our anger? And what if we tried to work with it instead? Our guest, Soraya Chemaly, tries a practice to harness her inner fierceness to care for herself.

Keeping your tree healthy Well, that is a debate that may be as timeless as the chicken and egg debate. There are different findings and opinions when it comes to tree nutrition and fertilization and tree fertilization techniques. It also can depend on the type of tree, the climate, location of the tree. Some experts will stand by the theory that a fertilization program is to maintain shrubs and trees in a forceful condition. Tree fertilizer should be used to increase a tree’s resistance to diseases, injury, and insects. However, if plant or soil foliage testing finds there is a deficiency, adding a soil nutrient is recommended. You can identify those shrubs and trees in need of fertilization for stimulation by leaves that are pale green and undersized. These are indications that they have a reduced growth rate and could be in a declining condition, showed by dead branch tips. This is often the result of diseases and insects. You should not use tree fertilizer on new planted specimens or have root damage caused by construction or trenching. The roots must become stabilized before tree fertilizer is applied or it can do more damage. So, Do trees need to be fertilized? All of this is confusing, and the question is an honest question: Do they or don’t they need to be fertilized? Trees that are established and older do not need annual fertilizing. There are products on the market that you can apply to your trees any time during the year and they are time-released. They will work their way in as they need to be and when they need to be. However, there are benefits to applying tree fertilizer at certain times of the year. A general rule is to apply tree fertilizer is toward the end of April or the start of May. You can also apply tree fertilizer in the late fall after the trees have gone dormant, or follow this recommended schedule: - Assists in recovering nutrients that are lost in the soil lost during the summer. - Encourages root growth when the ground isn’t frozen during the winter. - Endorses new growth during the typical growing season. - Green the leaves to keep them vibrant during the summer until fall. - Provides vital nutrients to keep the tree healthy and fight off infection. What is the best fertilizer for trees? Tree fertilizer can be misunderstood and misused as a “food”, when that isn’t what it is at all, nor is it a cure-all for a tree that is ailing. Plants and trees get their food through photosynthesis, making their own food in a sugar-type product. Fertilizer supplies minerals or nutrients needed for growth and photosynthesis, and when minerals are deficient in the soil, adding tree fertilizer can maintain a sufficient supply. There are two things to keep in mind when using tree fertilizer: - When needed, tree fertilizer is beneficial - Tree fertilizer is beneficial only when used right with the right amount The nutrients applied most frequently are tree fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. In some parts of the country, depending on the soils, tree fertilizer with other nutrients are needed, including calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Iron or zinc are sometimes needed but separate from the other tree fertilizer nutrients because a tree doesn’t need as much of them. There are two types of tree fertilizers: Fast-release, which is a water-soluble tree fertilizer and is the least expensive. The nutrients in this type may leach faster through the soil and in sandy soil that drains well, it can flow past the root system with just an infinitesimal amount of rain or irrigation. The leaching is slower in a fine-textured clay soil but has greater risk of runoff. Slow-release tree fertilizer products release nitrogen slowly over an extended period. The nitrogen may be sulfur-coated or a urea-formaldehyde. Half of the nitrogen should be a slow-release nitrogen. The best tree fertilizer is an all-natural fertilizer because there are three tree fertilization benefits to be had: - Natural tree fertilizer, like composted sewage sludge, manure, or complete fertilizer blends will provide nitrogen and other nutrients slowly. - Natural tree fertilizer provides minor minerals and nutrients, like iron or zinc, in insignificant amounts. - Natural tree fertilizer improve the soil structure. Is granular fertilizer better than liquid? Granular and liquid both contain and provide the needed nutrients for survival and thriving, with one significant difference, and that depends on how it is applied, not the form. Granular tree fertilizers can be broadcast on the ground in a 2×2 placement or applied as a side dress and cultivated into the soil in shallow depth. You can broadcast a liquid tree fertilizer in a band application at mid-season in a side dress. How do you deep fertilize a tree? Deep tree fertilizing is a special process that requires special equipment and should be performed by an arborist. Basically, the general action of a deep fertilizing is to stick a pipe into the soil eight to twelve inches. They then force tree fertilizer through the pipe into the ground, getting to the roots faster where the nutrient is needed. To the Root of the Matter Can I use lawn fertilizer for trees? It is always best to read the label thoroughly regarding using lawn fertilizer on flowers, shrubs, or trees. If there isn’t any herbicide chemical or pesticide harmful to garden plants, lawn fertilizer on a tree will be safe, but only using a fraction of the standard amount, a recommended amount is one-fifth of the normal application. Trees are a beautiful asset to our homes and the air around us, they clean the air we breathe; they provide shade and shelter. It is important to give them the best care possible while they are young and taking root, and it when they get older, protecting them from disease and insects. Refer to a trusted arborist is always a safe way to take care of them. Call (817) 717-7737 today for your tree assessment in Fort Worth, TX.

The effects of seasonal migration on evolutionary change within lineages is poorly understood, in terms of both differentiation (cladogenesis) and specialization (anagenesis). Regarding differentiation, two contradictory hypotheses exist: Seasonal migration counters differentiation; or it can stimulate differentiation by exposing lineages to new environments. Regarding specialization, the morphological consequences of a migratory life history have not been well explored. We examined these issues by reconstructing morphological and molecular phylogenies of the genus Catharus (Turdidae), a group of forest-dwelling, New World thrushes traditionally considered to include a small “species flock” of Nearctic-Neotropic migrants. DNA sequence data (2,920–3,027 base pairs) do not support traditional taxonomy, and morphological characters conflicted with these data. Results suggest that long-distance seasonal migration arose independently four times in Catharus sensu lato (including Hylocichla mustelina). Correlated morphological evolution occurred among several characters in these lineages, and these shared traits may stem from ecological conditions in Nearctic forests. Migración Estacional, Especiación y Convergencia Morfológica en el Género Catharus (Turdidae)

Science disciplines are among the most significant in the GCSE exams, which are a crucial component of education in the UK. Any student who wants to pursue a profession in science or medicine must take Biology, Chemistry, and Physics as part of their GCSE science curriculum. However, many students need help grasping the class topics because these courses can be challenging. Here, a GCSE science tutor can be of great assistance. They should be hired for your child’s success since United Tuition Group, a top provider of academic support services, recognizes the relevance of science in a student’s academic and professional career. Expert Assistance In Understanding Complex Concepts With A GCSE Science Tutor In the UK A GCSE science instructor is an expert with extensive training who can assist students in comprehending complex scientific ideas. Many students need help with scientific vocabulary, theories, and calculations; a tutor may simplify and clarify these problematic ideas. While this may only sometimes be achievable in a classroom setting, a tutor can offer individualized attention and address any student’s queries. Furthermore, students can increase their understanding and confidence with this individualized approach and do better on tests. Improving Exam Technique And Time Management With UTG Students must answer multiple-choice questions, complete practical tasks, and write essays for GCSE science exams. A tutor can assist students in acquiring the abilities needed to perform well on the exam in all areas. Moreover, they can instruct students on how to respond to various questions, use their time wisely, and organize their responses. To score better on tests, students can enhance their study habits by taking notes and using revision strategies, which a tutor can assist them with. How United Tuition Group Boosting Confidence And Motivation? When it comes to sciences, a lot of kids need more confidence. This lack of faith may be brought on by several factors, including difficulty with the subject or feeling overburdened by the job. Additionally, by fostering a positive learning atmosphere, a GCSE science tutor can assist kids in gaining confidence. A tutor can assist students in determining their areas of strength and weakness and creating a custom learning plan that is appropriate for their particular requirements. A tutor can increase students’ motivation by assisting them in achieving their academic objectives; this will likely have a good effect on their general academic performance. Hire GCSE Tutor To Achieve Better Grades And Career Prospects The main reason to hire a GCSE tutor is to assist students in improving their marks. Getting good marks is crucial for students who: - Want to continue their education - Seek a profession in science or medical A tutor can assist students in the following: - Deepening their comprehension of the material - Creating effective study techniques - Performing better on tests Better grades may present Kids with a variety of opportunities. However, students can pursue jobs in various fields by getting solid grades in science topics. So, contact United Tuition Group today if you’re interested in hiring a GCSE science tutor for your child’s success.

We recently came across this great Instructable by Mohammed Alrafia that shows how to use OpenBCI and Arduino to power robotics projects. “This project attempts to implement a device to control a wheelchair for paralyzed patients with an improved controlling method. The device should be able to move the wheelchair freely in anywhere under the control of the user and it is not required to predefine any map or path. An accurate and natural controlling method is provided, and the user can stop the wheelchair any time immediately to avoid risks or danger. This project is using a brainwave-reading cap to collect the EEG/EMG signal and send it to the Arduino UNO to control the movement of the wheelchair.” It’s especially cool that they detail working their way up from controlling LEDs to working with robotic cars. While we would recommend replacing the PyLSL code with BrainFlow, this is an excellent starting point for anyone looking to explore robotics projects with OpenBCI.

Our Famous Inventors Quiz for Kids will provide you the opportunity to learn about some of the most brilliant minds in history. From the printing press to the light bulb and beyond, these inventors have impacted the world we live in today. This quiz is designed to test your knowledge of their accomplishments and inspire you to learn more about the world of science and innovation. Each of our ten quiz boards will have a range of questions regarding great innovators and their inventions. You’ll be challenged to figure out who developed what, grasp the science behind their creations, and learn about their influence on the globe. Our Famous Inventors Quiz offers something for everyone, whether you’re a history buff, a science fan, or just seeking a fun and interesting way to spend your time. So, what are you waiting for? To begin, select any of the 10 quiz boards to begin testing your knowledge of notable inventors who transformed the world. Each quiz board has unique questions that will put your knowledge and comprehension of the notable innovators featured in that quiz to the test. In each of the 10 questions, you will get the opportunity to learn about various innovators and their creations. Our Famous Inventors Trivia is guaranteed to be a fun and instructive experience for everyone, with intriguing facts and trivia along the way. Have fun and good luck!

Landmark Legislation: Washington’s Healthy Food Packaging Act Washington’s Ban on PFAS in Food Packaging is First in the Nation In March 2018, Washington state passed HB 2658 which bans the use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances – commonly known as PFAS chemicals – in food packaging, contingent on the availability of viable alternatives. PFAS chemicals are often used in food packaging for their waterproof and non-stick properties. But despite these benefits, they are persistent, toxic chemicals that can hinder children’s brain development, interfere with hormones, and cause cancer, among other negative impacts. Given these health risks, Representative Joan McBride introduced HB 2658, the Healthy Food Packaging Act, making Washington the first state in the nation to do so. The bill gives the Department of Ecology two years to perform an assessment on viable alternatives and relay its findings. Upon identifying safer alternatives for food packaging, Washington will set a national precedent for safeguarding public health.

Before the colonists invaded the different parts of the world, we didn’t call the locals ‘indigenous’. They were simply people. But once the invaders showed up, with their greed wrapped around in flags, religion and guns, these people suddenly became ‘natives’. Now, with modernism trying to claim every piece of the world as its own, some of these indigenous communities are finding it difficult to preserve their cultural identity. Not all, mind you – New Zealand’s North Island is a great example of how the indigenous and the colonial culture can co-exist. Photographer Jimmy Nelson spent three years between 2010 and 2013 visiting some of the indigenous cultures found in the remotest corners of our planet. His goal was to capture portraits of the disappearing people groups and to preserve glimpses of their rites, customs, and traditions — photos that he hopes will remain even if these cultures fade away. Here are the photos of some of the tribes, from this project of his which he calls Before They Pass Away . Huli, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Asaro, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Goroka, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Maori, New Zealand Dani, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea You can check out the entire project here . h/t BoredPanda .

Act 561 of 2017 provided direction to the Division of Elementary and Secondary Education to update the materials and resources for the teaching of historical contributions made by African Americans in the United States and in other countries prior to the establishment of the United States. The list of updated materials and resources for 2023 can be found linked on the Social Studies Resources page of the DESE website: https://dese.ade.arkansas.gov/Offices/learning-services/curriculum-support/social-studies-resources. Updates include lessons and materials that can be used to commemorate Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Black History Month. Resources are organized into grade-level bands. Resources for Historical Contributions Made By African Americans (Act 561) Questions should be directed to Jeffrey Davidson at email@example.com or (501) 682-7590.

Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been regarded as a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement. However, recent scientific discoveries have illuminated the intricate relationship between the gut and the brain, leading to groundbreaking research on the potential role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the management of Parkinson's disease. In this article, we delve into the connection between Parkinson's disease and the gut microbiome, exploring the promising avenues that FMT may open for patients battling this challenging condition. What is Parkinson's disease? Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is named after James Parkinson, the English physician who first described the condition in 1817. The disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, particularly in a region called the substantia nigra. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in coordinating smooth and controlled muscle movements. The Gut-Brain Axis The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal tract. This dynamic network enables constant communication between the gut and the brain, influencing various physiological processes, including immune responses, hormonal regulation, and even neurological function. Disruptions in this delicate balance have been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease. The Gut Microbiome and Parkinson's Disease Emerging research suggests a compelling link between alterations in the gut microbiome and the development or progression of Parkinson's disease. Studies have shown significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between individuals with Parkinson's and healthy controls. The gut of PD patients often exhibits a reduced abundance of beneficial bacteria and an overgrowth of potentially harmful microbes. Role of Alpha-Synuclein: One key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is the misfolded protein alpha-synuclein. Remarkably, recent findings propose that the gut may serve as an initial site for the accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates. These aggregates may then travel along the vagus nerve, connecting the gut and the brain, eventually reaching the substantia nigra—a critical area in the brain affected by PD. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT): FMT, a procedure gaining recognition for its efficacy in treating various gastrointestinal disorders, involves the transfer of fecal material from a healthy donor to a recipient. The goal is to restore a balanced and diverse gut microbiome. Researchers are now exploring whether FMT can also be a therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease by targeting the gut dysbiosis associated with the condition. Current Research and Clinical Trials: Preliminary studies and clinical trials are underway to investigate the impact of FMT on Parkinson's disease symptoms. Early results are encouraging, indicating improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms, as well as alterations in the gut microbiome composition following FMT. However, it's essential to note that the field is still in its infancy, and further research is needed to establish the long-term safety and efficacy of FMT for Parkinson's disease. The Gut-Brain Axis: A Paradigm Shift in Parkinson's Disease Treatment *Understanding the Microbiome: The human gut is home to trillions of microorganisms collectively known as the microbiome. This complex ecosystem plays a crucial role in maintaining health, influencing everything from digestion to immune function. Recent studies have underscored the microbiome's impact on neurological health, challenging conventional perspectives on the origins of Parkinson's disease. *Alpha-Synuclein and Gut Microbiota: Alpha-synuclein, a protein associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, has been found in the gastrointestinal tract years before it manifests in the brain. The gut may act as a reservoir for pathological forms of alpha-synuclein, initiating a cascade of events that contribute to the progression of Parkinson's. The altered gut microbiota observed in Parkinson's patients could be linked to this process. *FMT as a Therapeutic Avenue: Fecal microbiota transplantation, originally developed to treat severe gastrointestinal infections, involves the transfer of a healthy donor's fecal material to a recipient. The rationale behind using FMT in Parkinson's disease lies in its potential to restore a healthy balance of gut microorganisms, potentially disrupting the pathological spread of alpha-synuclein and alleviating symptoms associated with the disease. *Promising Research Findings: Early-stage clinical trials exploring the efficacy of FMT in Parkinson's patients have reported promising outcomes. Improvements in motor function, reduced neuroinflammation, and even cognitive enhancements have been observed. These findings suggest that modulating the gut microbiome could be a novel avenue for managing Parkinson's disease beyond traditional pharmaceutical approaches. The link between Parkinson's disease and the gut microbiome opens up new possibilities for innovative treatments, with FMT emerging as a potential game-changer. As research advances, the hope is that FMT could provide a novel and effective therapeutic option for individuals living with Parkinson's disease, offering them improved quality of life and potentially slowing the progression of this challenging neurodegenerative disorder. Stay tuned as the scientific community continues to unravel the mysteries of the gut-brain axis and its implications for Parkinson's disease management.

A full polarization measurement takes four exposures. If the source is variable (in polarization) within the time it takes to complete one full polarization measurement, the results will come out wrong. If, however, the instrumental gain ratio is known and stable in time (see Section 3.2), two exposures (with the halfwave plate at 0 and 22.5 degrees) are sufficient to derive the polarization vector. The gain ratio can be readily derived from a full polarization measurement (i.e. four settings of the halfwave plate) of a constant source. Tests have shown that this gain ratio (averaged over the full Dekker aperture) was stable to within 1 % during a night, except in the cutoff region of the dichroic. Do not expect the gain ratio to be the same after moving any of the optics, since the throughput of many of the optical components depends strongly on polarization and the beams within the spectrograph are highly polarized.

What is PDF/X? 14 / 12 / 2021 14 / 12 / 2021 How to Copy Text Only from a PDFLearn More How PDF can be useful to students and teachersLearn More Why PDF file sizes vary based on contentLearn More If you’re a subscriber to our blog, you’d learn by now that PDF has various subsets available for different purposes. This has solved many industry issues such as large-scale printing, storage, viewing, and transfer. Another subset of PDF that can help many users with graphics exchange is called PDF/X. The ISO standard for PDF/X is ISO 15930 and specifications for this format include solutions for printing-related requirements. This ensures that the file is valid for professional printing. What makes PDF/X special is not only its restrictions but also its special file identification that states what PDF/X version it is. With various PDF/X formats available, this identification will allow users to define the specific kind. Different kinds of PDF/X standards For every PDF/X version that has color-managed data, the graphics inserted in it also has their own color profile therefore if the file is conditioned for CMYK, every graphic may possibly be in RBG. To ensure that the printing is accurate and has room for cutting errors, it is always recommended that the file be printed with “bleed.” This term is used for printing which basically means the area that goes beyond the edge where it will be cut and trimmed off. A BleedBox is required for bleed and must be larger than the TrimBox/ArtBox but smaller than the MediaBox. To define these three terms, MediaBox covers the size of the entire document. The ArtBox or the TrimBox meanwhile is the printable area. Unfortunately, standard features in PDF such as forms, signatures, comments, sounds, and videos are not allowed in PDF/X. However, there are certain exemptions if it does not affect the rendering of the file. For instance, if comments or annotations are outside the BleedBox, annotations can therefore be used. Since technology is also continuously updating, ISO is also developing further PDF/X with the new PDF/X-6. This will be based on PDF 2.0 and is expected to be the standard for new print production. If in case you want to check out your PDF in a draft, you may want to put a watermark in your PDF to avoid confusion. Adding a watermark on your PDF is easy and it can be done for free at DeftPDF. Here’s how to add a watermark to your PDF: Step one: Go to DeftPDF.com and select Watermark from all tools menu Step two: Upload your PDF file. On the preview of your uploaded document, click “Add text watermark” then click the textbox to replace the existing sample text into “draft.” Step three: Then click “watermark PDF” then download your new file.

HighReach Learning curriculum is based on knowledge of theory and research in early childhood education, coupled with an understanding of valued best practices. Our curriculum incorporates experiences that permit learning through guided play and active discovery. In developing our curriculum, we consider the whole child – cognitively, socially, and physically. By incorporating the latest research on early childhood, including Piaget’s Constructivist Theory, Bruner’s Theory of Discovery Learning, Bergen’s Theory of Play, active exploration, and the most current NAEYC Developmentally Appropriate Practice Guidelines, HighReach Learning has created a truly balanced, innovative, and interest-driven curriculum for children birth to five. Click here to read the theory and research upon which our curriculum is based. Our Philosophy & Approach HighReach Learning believes that children learn best by actively engaging with people and things in their environment. Children are involved in hands-on experiences, real-life adventures, and assisted discovery as they explore concepts through play. We also focus on helping you, the early childhood educator, meet the growing list of challenges you face every day: meeting policy and standards guidelines, improving communication with families, adapting to the individual needs of your children, creating a stimulating and fun learning environment, and much more. All of our curriculum programs promote early childhood best practices, provide a detailed concept web, and simplify lesson planning. The HighReach Learning curricular approach is based on: - Relationship-based learning - Sound early childhood research and theory - Emergent curriculum development - Project-focused play investigations - Intentional planning and teaching strategies - Involving families, culture, and community The core of the HighReach Learning curriculum philosophy is Teaching and Interacting with Purpose Using Learning Zones. Helping teachers focus on learning approaches that can be developed during any type of experience or interaction, the Learning Zones take advantage of the back and forth interaction between teachers and children throughout the day. The HighReach Learning Difference You know and understand phrases like relationship-based, interest driven, integrated experiences, differentiated instruction, intentionality, and others, but do you wonder how to turn those “big ideas” into easy-to-understand and easy-to-accomplish strategies that can be used every single day in the classroom? Every HighReach Learning curriculum program is designed to help you tackle these big ideas. Relationship-based — Learning grows out of positive social-emotional environments and from the connections made with the people in them. HighReach takes special care to provide guidance within each experience as well as support materials that help establish vital connections between adults and children and between families and staff. Interest Driven — Let HighReach show you some very simple steps that help you gather background knowledge and child input on the topic you are planning to study. Using a K-W-L (Know-Want to Know-Learned) or R-E-I (Relate-Explore and Expand-Inspire) process, you will learn how to guide your teaching to adapt to children’s interests and build on their existing knowledge. Integrated Experiences — The best learning experiences occur when a child is immersed in a “big idea” and the daily plans encourage deep explorations that encompass multiple domains. Rather than using multiple isolated activities like some other programs, all HighReach topics are based on detailed concept webs and provide more than 100 multi-domain experiences to choose from. Differentiated instruction — Every child has unique needs and interests; this shouldn’t require you to spend hours each week finding dozens of experiences just to accommodate these differences. Each HighReach Learning experience contains detailed objectives from multiple domains. Imagine being able to take a group of children through an exploration in which some may focus on literacy outcomes, while others concentrate on math or science. Intentionality — Once you are equipped with the right tools, it becomes much easier to be intentional in your interactions with your children. Using the comprehensive learning objectives listed in every experiences guide, you can include daily activities from the main topic that will enable you to purposefully guide the learning in your classroom and meet the observation and assessment goals for each child. Finally, a comprehensive curriculum that is flexible and easy to use. HighReach Learning curriculum provides a unique balance of standards-based classroom support materials, family connection components, and easy-to-understand strategies for putting it all together. Best of all, the complete multi-domain objectives list allows you to easily connect with any major assessment tool. Use HighReach Learning as a supplemental resource or as a stand-alone curriculum solution. Either way, you and your children will be glad you did! Extracurricular Activities include: - Soccer Lessons - French Lessons Have a Question? Ebenezer Children’s Academy - 1532 Ebenezer Road, Knoxville TN 37922

Within is a type for simply scoping well-typed paths. A Within b a is Env comonad with the environment specialised to Path b Dir. This is useful for when you want to keep track of things that live within a parent folder and need the extra degree of articulation. You can construct a value living within a Path b Dir using the within infix operator. 5 `within` $(mkRelDir "foo") There are also convenience functions for dealing with the special case where the inner type is a Path Rel File, which represents a path to a file within a directory. This does not need to be an immediate child of the directory, and does not have to exist. You can assert that you can assert that an existing path lies in a directory by using asWithin, which throws if the directory is not a proper prefix of the $(mkRelFile "foo/a.txt") `asWithin` $(mkRelDir "foo") -- fine $(mkRelFile "a.txt") `asWithin` $(mkRelDir "foo") -- throws NotAProperPrefix Exception You can also use fromWithin to get from a Within a (Path Rel t) to a Path a t. There are also Hashable instances when the extract target is of Changelog for within - Add path-like and - Change approach to Withincan now store an arbitrary inner type whilst maintaining the convenience functions in the special case where the inner type is a - Add Within Type based on path. Within is a path within another path. - Add several functions for moving between directories and mapping source names.

The MultiText Project in History is an innovative educational project, undertaken by the History Department, University College Cork, to provide resources for students of Modern Irish History at all levels. The following arresting image is available on their website: MultiText’s source for the image is the Weekly Freeman for 25 February 1882, and they comment that “the unequal nature of the landlord/tenant relationship was a major cause of the land war” (a period of civil unrest in rural Ireland in the latter half of the nineteenth century, ultimately defused by a series of Land Acts between 1870 and 1903). The image shows an unhappy tenant seated at a table, unwillingly signing a lease. Under the table can be seen a notice to increase rent and a notice to quit. At the top are two inset images, one of John Bull, the other of a destitute family heading for the workhouse. The tenant is surrounded by three grim-looking men. One has a bill for outstanding rent in his pocket, and he is brandishing an eviction decree. Another brandishes a cudgel of some sort. The third is stabbing his finger at the lease. The caption along the bottom reads: Freedom of Contract – In Ireland.

Chapter 10 discusses Gestalt psychology and its founders and champions. Gestalt psychology is rooted in Kantian philosophy, a philosophy focused on empiricism and rationalism. The core tenant of the Gestalt belief system is that the whole is not merely the sum of its parts. The purpose of this belief system was an admirable one which aimed at approaching systems for what they are: systems, and thus understanding all the mechanics of a system regardless of complexity or apparent simplicity. The key concept to this set of beliefs is to approach things within their context, the more data one can attain about the object of interest the more accurate the analysis can be. In experiments and general analysis, accuracy is highly important. The Gestalt set of beliefs have had quite impactful implications over time as this rigorous type of investigation is the gold standard in research and analysis.

13 Jan What is ACUPUNCTURE? What is ACUPUNCTURE? Acupuncture is the most well known aspect of Chinese Medicine adn may be used alone or in conjunction with herbal medicine, moxibustion, or tui-na. It is likely that the acupuncture practitioner will also offer dietary and lifestyle advice or suggest a course of exercise. Each of the organs of the body has its own associated channel or pathway of energy. These are often referred to as meridians. Very fine needles are inserted into points along the meridians with the aim of bringing the body to a point of balance and harmony. Every aspect of the patient’s life is considered by the practitioner before the points are selected – sometimes it may be impossible to change someone’s life circumstance, but by using Acupuncture, the person may be strengthened so that they are more easily able to deal with what life brings their way.

The fact that more time is spent indoors due to the cold weather, and the compulsion of masks is only limited to hospitals contributes to an increased risk of the spread of upper respiratory tract diseases, particularly influenza. In recent weeks, family doctor appointments for flu cases have increased nationwide. Since the symptoms of COVID-19 and the flu may be similar and both conditions may be fatal, they should not be disregarded and should be reported to the doctor as soon as possible. Federation of Family Physicians Associations (AHEF) Dr. Yusuf Başak said that the flu (influenza) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that is frequently seen from October to the end of March and the beginning of April throughout the year. Due to the effect of cold weather, spending more time indoors and not using masks, there is a great increase in seasonal flu cases. Stressing that the increase in the number of such patients in these months is obvious and expected, Başak stated that this should not be considered an epidemic. Başak pointed out that flu viruses can easily be transmitted from a sick person to other people, reminding that the flu is usually transmitted by the virus-containing droplets scattered by the behaviors of people who are sick such as speaking, coughing and sneezing, to the mouth, nose and eye mucous membranes of people who are 1 meter (3.2 feet) or closer to the patient, Başak said. “To avoid the disease, you should stay away from crowded and closed environments as much as possible during the flu season, try not to contact, hug or shake hands with sick people, wash your hands frequently, wear a mask and pay attention to personal hygiene rules.” He warned that the flu is mild in many individuals, and these people recover completely within a few days. Emphasizing that the most effective way to protect against the flu is shown by scientific studies in the world. “For this reason, it is recommended that especially those in the risk group where the disease progresses severely and even deaths can be seen should get vaccinated immediately” he added. “The perception that the pandemic is over is the biggest obstacle in the fight against COVID-19”. Başak pointed out that the COVID-19 epidemic is not over, but its effect has decreased, and said that the World Health Organization (WHO) and scientists has also warned about this issue.

How to Compare Tom & Gatsby in ""The Great Gatsby"" "The Great Gatsby" is considered one of great American novels. On its surface, F. Scott Fitzgerald's book appears to be a story of lost love. Jay Gatsby is the main protagonist, and the story revolves around his efforts to regain the love of Daisy. Gatsby and Daisy were separated by World War I, and Daisy marries Tom Buchanan, who comes from a wealthy East Coast family. Fitzgerald's primary purpose in writing the novel was to present a scathing critique of the American preoccupation with wealth and the decadence that it engenders. Gatsby and Tom represent two different perspectives on wealth and social mores. Compare and contrast the source of Gatsby and Tom's wealth. Gatsby and Tom represent the distinction between the newly rich and old money, respectively. Tom's wealth is inherited. The old money families represent an elitist aristocratic element in American culture. Everyone else is beneath them in the pecking order, and this is especially the case with the newly rich, such as Gatsby. Gatsby worked his way out of poverty by engaging in a number of illegal activities, including bootlegging and securities fraud. Contrast Gatsby and Tom's lifestyles. Gatsby lives in West Egg, and Tom lives in East Egg, both on Long Island near New York City. East Egg is where the old money aristocracy lives, whereas West Egg is for the newly rich. Gatsby's character is representative of the newly rich's lack of taste, ostentation, lavish parties and spending. Tom's character, on the other hand, is more old-fashioned and restrained, at least on the surface. Tom and Daisy's home is subtle and beautifully decorated. Gatsby's is a mansion, garishly decorated, and a site for all sorts of excess. Gatsby dresses in a loud pink suit, whereas Tom is more reserved in his dressing style. Compare the underlying traits in their characters. Gatsby is a mysterious figure who keeps his past hidden. In fact, he invents his own identity. His real name is James Gatz. He grew up in extreme poverty in North Dakota without prospects or education. The Army was his means of escape. He met and fell in love with Daisy in Louisville, Kentucky, before going to the war. She married Tom in 1919. James Gatz is mysteriously transformed into Jay Gatsby during the post-war years. His new identity and wealth are motivated by his desire to regain Daisy. Tom, on the other hand, is easily seen as a young, spoiled rich man. However, his character is far darker. He is abusive, sexist and racist. Make a list of Tom and Gatsby's flaws. Despite the differences between Tom and Gatsby, they both, in Fitzgerald's view, are flawed characters. Their flaws are amplified by their extreme wealth. Gatsby and Tom are both compelled by the desire for pleasure, cynicism and greed. Gatsby emerges more as a tragic hero driven by his love for Daisy. Tom, on the other hand, is more of a villain and brute despite, or perhaps because of, his education and upbringing. Robert Russell began writing online professionally in 2010. He holds a Ph.D. in philosophy and is currently working on a book project exploring the relationship between art, entertainment and culture. He is the guitar player for the nationally touring cajun/zydeco band Creole Stomp. Russell travels with his laptop and writes many of his articles on the road between gigs.

Current Opinion in Microbiology 2017, 37:155–160 Although CRISPR-Cas systems naturally evolved to provide adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea, Cas nucleases can be co-opted to target chromosomal sequences rather than invasive genetic elements. Although genome editing is the primary outcome of self-targeting using CRISPR-based technologies in eukaryotes, self-targeting by CRISPR is typically lethal in bacteria. Here, we discuss how DNA damage introduced by Cas nucleases in bacteria can efficiently and specifically lead to plasmid curing or drive cell death. Specifically, we discuss how various CRISPR-Cas systems can be engineered and delivered using phages or phagemids as vectors. These principles establish CRISPR-Cas systems as potent and programmable antimicrobials, and open new avenues for the development of CRISPR-based tools for selective removal of bacterial pathogens and precise microbiome composition alteration.

MAC Address Write For Us A Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique identifier assigned to community interfaces for communications in a community. It is a hardware address associated with a community adapter or network interface card (NIC). MAC addresses are critical for the proper functioning of community protocols, as they allow devices to distinguish and communicate with every different inside a neighbourhood network. Every MAC deal is globally specific, ensuring that no gadgets on the identical network percentage an identical identifier. The MAC deal with is a forty-eight-bit alphanumeric code, regularly represented as six agencies of hexadecimal digits separated by colons or hyphens. The first half of the MAC deal normally identifies the producer of the network interface card, while the second 1/2 is a unique identifier assigned by using the producer. This addressing scheme lets network gadgets recognize each other and enables the shipping of facts to the proper vacation spot within a community. While IP addresses are used for routing facts throughout special networks, MAC addresses play an important role in the local communication and addressing of devices in the equal community segment. MAC addresses are fundamental in community communication and are utilized in protocols like Ethernet. Network routers and switches use MAC addresses to ahead data to the ideal devices on a nearby network. It’s vital to note that MAC addresses operate on the records hyperlink layer of the OSI model and are not routable across different subnets, in contrast to IP addresses. Additionally, as technology advances, there are mechanisms in place, which include MAC address randomization, to decorate privacy and safety, especially in wireless networks. How to submit your article at Techiesstar.com To write for us and guest post, you can contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org Why to Write for Us Techies Star– MAC Address Write For Us - Writing for Techies Star can give massive exposure to your website for customers looking for Mac Address. - Techies Star’s presence is on social media and will share your article with the Mac Address-related audience. - You can reach out to Mac Address enthusiasts. Search Terms Related MAC Address Write For Us - What is a Mac Address? - How to find Mac Address on Windows - Mac Address vs. IP Address - Changing Mac Address - Mac Address spoofing - Mac Address lookup - Mac Address filtering - Mac Address on iPhone - Mac Address on Android - How to change Mac Address on Android - How to find Mac Address on Mac - Mac Address vendor lookup - Mac Address security - Mac Address and network security - Mac Address on router - Mac Address on a wireless network - What does Mac stand for? - Mac Address and privacy concerns - How to clone Mac Address - Mac Address and device identification Search Terms for MAC Address Write For Us mac address write for us looking for guest posts become a guest blogger guest posts wanted guest posting guidelines become an author submit an article guest posts wanted mac address + submit post suggest a post write for us mac address + write for us mac address + guest post Article Guidelines on Techies Star– MAC Address Write For Us - We at Techies Star welcome fresh and unique content related to Mac Address. - Techies Star allows a minimum of 500+ words related to Mac Address. - The editorial team of Techies Star does not encourage promotional content related to Mac Address. - For publishing an article at Techies Star email us at email@example.com - Techies Star allows articles related to Technology, AI, Crypto, Startups, Digital Marketing and many more

Microwave technology, uses and dangers of microwaves Microwave technology is used for telecommunications, the microwave is easily focused into narrower beams than the radio waves, its higher frequency allows the broad bandwidth and high data transmission rates. Antenna sizes are smaller than at lower frequencies because antenna size is inversely proportional to transmitted frequency, and telephone communications are transmitted long distances by the microwaves between ground stations and communications satellites. Microwave technology is very useful in communication because it easily penetrates the earth’s atmosphere which comes in handy primarily for space-vehicle communication. Microwave technology is used in the world’s data, TV, telegraphs, satellites, spacecraft communication, it is also used in the microwave ovens and in radar technology and shorter microwaves are used in remote sensing. The microwaves are made by various types of transmitter, and they are high-frequency radio waves, we use them to cook many types of food as they cause the water and fat molecules to vibrate, So, they make the substances hot. Microwaves are used by fixed traffic speed cameras, they are used for the radar that is used by the ships, the aircraft and they are used in the weather forecasts as Doppler radar. Microwaves are suitable for transmitting the information from one place to another as the microwave energy can penetrate the haze, the light, the rain and the snow, the smoke, and the clouds. Microwaves are very important in science as the microwaves are used to make a special conductor made of copper called chalcopyrite and they can add in the process of separating chemical compounds, So, the scientists can study each component of the compound. Microwaves are very useful in medicine as they can be used to treat the health problems better than the drugs, they are used in medical cases as an alternative to the surgery, They can heat enlarged prostates to kill extra tissues and they are safer than the surgery. Microwaves are very useful in industry as they can be used to decrease the air pollutants, They can be used to sanitize the hospital waste, They are used to enhance dry cleaning solvents and they are used to clean up the polluted soil. Dangers of microwaves Microwaves cause cataracts in the eyes that prevent the eyes from seeing clearly, so, you should not press your face on the microwave oven door to see if the food is ready. You should not spend a long time on calling on the phone as the microwaves from mobile phones can affect parts of your brain and you should keep short calls. Microwaves leaking from the oven are very dangerous for the women who are pregnant, because of the unknown defects caused by the radiation leakage. You should not put metal containers in the microwave oven as they reflect the microwaves and you should close the door of the microwave to prevent the microwave leakage. Microwaves come with unnecessary daily exposure to radiation, they can create severe health issues and they were never researched before adoption. Microwaves create carcinogenic compounds in certain foods, They destroy the nutrients value of the food, they are unsafe for baby’s milk and hazardous changes have been found in the blood of individuals consuming microwaved food.

Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency 2012 Number of pages: 1158 This publication is a comprehensive reference for graduate students and an invaluable guide for more experienced researchers. It provides an introduction to nuclear fusion and its status and prospects, and features specialized chapters written by leaders in the field, presenting the main research and development concepts in fusion physics. It starts with an introduction to the case for the development of fusion as an energy source. Magnetic and inertial confinement are addressed. Dedicated chapters focus on the physics of confinement, the equilibrium and stability of tokamaks, diagnostics, heating and current drive by neutral beam and radiofrequency waves, and plasma–wall interactions. While the tokamak is a leading concept for the realization of fusion, other concepts (helical confinement and, in a broader sense, other magnetic and inertial configurations) are also addressed in the book. At over 1100 pages, this publication provides an unparalleled resource for fusion physicists and engineers. Download or read it online here: Fusion Physics

December 23, 1888 After an argument with his housemate and fellow artist Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh cuts off at least part of his own ear. Many details are missing or unclear, since Vincent himself has no memory of the incident. We know that Gauguin and Vincent are housemates, and that Vincent has been dreaming of this artist residency for some time. These two strong personalities clash, and as they continue to fight, Vincent probably becomes distraught as he realizes Gauguin wants to leave. There is probably a final confrontation earlier in the day. That evening, van Gogh cuts his left ear with a razor, either removing the entire ear, or a good piece of it. Ear wounds are known to bleed heavily, and he begins losing a large amount of blood right away. He bandages the wound, wraps up the ear, and delivers it to a brothel where both he and Gauguin are clients. (The local newspaper reports that van Gogh has given the ear to a prostitute with an instruction to guard it carefully). He goes home, collapses from loss of blood, and is discovered the next morning by the police. At the hospital, Vincent repeatedly asks for Gauguin, who never comes. In fact, they never see each other again. Gauguin notifies Vincent’s brother Theo, and tells one of the policeman investigating the case: Be kind enough, Monsieur, to awaken this man with great care, and if he asks for me tell him I have left for Paris; the sight of me might prove fatal for him.” Vincent is able to return to the Yellow House by the beginning of January, but suffers repeatedly from hallucinations all month long. Fun Fact: Gauguin discusses the incident in his memoirs, though many historians find his account to exaggerate his own role in what contemporary doctors have called Vincent’s psychotic break. For example, Gauguin says that Vincent attacks him with a razor prior to cutting his ear, and that Vincent’s instructions ask for the ear to be delivered to Gauguin.

Cybersecurity for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) In an era where technology is revolutionizing every aspect of our lives, the healthcare industry is no exception. The advent of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has brought forth a new wave of possibilities, enhancing patient care, monitoring, and treatment. However, with these advancements come significant challenges, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. As healthcare systems increasingly rely on interconnected devices and networks, ensuring the security of IoMT has become paramount to protect patient data, maintain the integrity of medical devices, and safeguard the overall well-being of individuals. Understanding the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) The Internet of Medical Things refers to the interconnected network of medical devices and applications that collect, transmit, and analyze health data. From smart insulin pumps to wearable fitness trackers, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has the potential to streamline healthcare delivery, improve diagnostics, and empower patients to actively participate in their own health management. Nevertheless, the proliferation of IoMT introduces a complex web of vulnerabilities that malicious actors can exploit, making cybersecurity a critical concern for the healthcare industry. Key Challenges in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Security - Data Privacy and Confidentiality: As medical devices gather and transmit sensitive patient data, ensuring data privacy and confidentiality becomes imperative. Unauthorized access to personal health information can lead to identity theft, insurance fraud, or even compromise patient safety. - Device Vulnerabilities: Many IoMT devices, ranging from pacemakers to infusion pumps, may have inherent vulnerabilities that can be exploited by cybercriminals. This poses a direct threat to patient safety as compromised devices may lead to incorrect diagnoses or improper administration of treatments. - Interconnected Ecosystems: The interconnected nature of IoMT creates a vast attack surface. A breach in one device can potentially compromise an entire network of medical devices, amplifying the impact and putting the entire healthcare infrastructure at risk. - Lack of Standardization: The absence of standardized security protocols across IoMT devices and platforms complicates cybersecurity efforts. Varying levels of security make it challenging to implement uniform protection measures and increases the likelihood of security gaps. Strategies for Enhancing IoMT Security - Encryption and Authentication: Implementing robust encryption algorithms and multi-factor authentication for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices and data transmission can significantly enhance security. These measures ensure that only authorized individuals can access sensitive medical information. - Regular Software Updates: Manufacturers must provide regular software updates to patch vulnerabilities in IoMT devices. Healthcare providers should diligently apply these updates to maintain the security and functionality of the devices within their networks. - Network Segmentation: Segmenting IoMT networks helps contain potential breaches, limiting the extent of damage caused by a security incident. It isolates compromised devices, preventing lateral movement within the network. - Education and Training: Educating healthcare professionals and end-users about cybersecurity best practices is essential. Awareness programs can help prevent common pitfalls, such as falling victim to phishing attacks or using weak passwords. - Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to regulatory standards, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, ensures that healthcare organizations maintain a baseline level of cybersecurity. Compliance frameworks provide guidelines for securing patient information and mitigating risks. The Road Ahead for IoMT Security As the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) landscape continues to evolve, the healthcare industry must prioritize cybersecurity to build a resilient and secure infrastructure. Collaboration between manufacturers, healthcare providers, and regulatory bodies is crucial to establish and enforce comprehensive security standards for IoMT devices. By addressing the challenges head-on and implementing proactive security measures, the healthcare industry can harness the full potential of IoMT while safeguarding patient data and well-being. As technology plays an increasingly integral role in healthcare, a robust cybersecurity framework is not just a necessity but a fundamental requirement to ensure the promise of a healthier, more connected future.

A ceramic vacuum chuck is used to hold large detector arrays flat while being attached parallel to a rigid substrate. Once held in the vacuum chuck, the component is typically seized by epoxy against a rigid substrate. The problem that interferes with this operation happens when the epoxy spreads to places where it is not wanted, even into the gap between the component and its vacuum chuck, and over electrical contacts that are intended for wire bonding. In this innovation, the spreading epoxy problem has been solved by a combination of three essential countermeasures. First, a capture and spread (CAS) moat is cut into the rigid substrate, which defines the perimeter of the contact region. Second, the precise amount of epoxy needed to fill the space between the rigid substrate and the component is carefully metered out. In this step, the volume of the space is calculated down to the precision of 1 mm3. In the case of a large imaging array, each 1 mm3 will lift the surface by an additional half micron. Simply estimating the volume by a rectangular box is not adequate when the component contains unexpected undulations. Surface metrology can reveal the size of the undulations. The mass and density of the component give its volume, and that may provide information about the possible volume of any undulations. The third countermeasure is the spatial placement of the epoxy so that two conditions are met: one is that the arrangement of epoxy flows without making voids. The other condition is that the expanding front of flowing epoxy reaches the CAS moat evenly. The CAS moat provides a huge safety factor by distributing any invading epoxy laterally through powerful capillary action. A great deal of excess epoxy can be captured in the CAS moat near the point of incursion. The CAS moat is created in the substrate by carving out a trench roughly 400 microns wide by 400 microns deep. The substrate material in this case is a 1.5-mm thick aluminum nitride plate, which can be conveniently removed using a wafer dicing saw. In this work, four dicing lines were made in the substrate to form a rectangle. The ends of the dicing lines were sealed with tiny amounts of a ceramic epoxy so that the moat would not leak out of the edges of the substrate. The ceramic epoxy was cured and carved by a razor blade to make corners for the moat. Making the moat with an end mill would get around having to do this. The width and depth of the moat could be reduced if circumstances dictate. This work was done by Todd J. Jones of Caltech for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NPO-48725 This Brief includes a Technical Support Package (TSP). Stable, Flat Packaging Concepts for Large Detector Arrays (reference NPO-48725) is currently available for download from the TSP library. Don't have an account? Sign up here.

Iron deficiency anaemia Iron deficiency anaemia rarely causesserious or long-term complications, although some people with the condition findit affects their daily life. Somecommon complications are outlined below. Iron deficiency anaemia can make you feel tired and lacking in energy (lethargic). This may result in you being less productive at work, andyou may find it difficult to stay awakeornot feel able to exercise regularly. Research has showniron deficiency anaemia can affect your immune system the body's natural defence system. This increases your vulnerability to infection. Adults with severe anaemia may be at risk of developing complications that affect their heart or lungs. For example, you may develop SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) , which isan abnormally fast heartbeat,or heart failure , where the heart fails to pump enough blood around your body at the right pressure. Pregnant women with severe anaemia have an increased risk of developing complications, particularly during and after birth. They may also develop postnatal depression , which some women experience after having a baby. Research suggests babies born to mothers who have untreated anaemia are more likely to: Some cases of restless legs syndrome are thought to be caused by iron deficiency anaemia. Doctors often refer to this as secondary restless legs syndrome. Restless legs syndromeis a common condition that affects the nervous system, andcauses an overwhelming, irresistible urge to move the legs. It also causes an unpleasant feeling in the feet, calves and thighs. Restless legs syndrome caused by iron deficiency anaemiacan usually be treated with iron supplements. Read about iron deficiency anaemia, including information about symptoms, causes, treatment and complications. Read about the possible causes of iron deficiency anaemia, including heavy periods, pregnancy, gastrointestinal blood loss, and chronic kidney disease. Find out how iron deficiency anaemia is diagnosed using a simple blood test and examining your lifestyle and medical history. In some cases, you'll also need a physical examination. Read about how iron deficiency anaemia is treated. Treatment usually involves increasing the amount of iron in your diet, taking iron supplements, and treating the underlying cause. Find out about the possible complications of iron deficiency anaemia, including tiredness, increased risk of infection and postnatal depression.

Metastatic cancer cells do not die when injected into the bloodstream and “new” for body because they are unusually well recycle damaged proteins and the rest of the cellular “garbage.” To such conclusion the molecular biologists, published an article in the journal PNAS. “When a cancer cell leaves his “house”, she begins to experience great stress. She begins to deal with it, speeding up recycling of “garbage” and its output to the external environment. When we disabled the lysosomes, the main “incinerators” cells, the metastases stopped growing,” says Michael Morgan (Michael Morgan) from the University of Colorado in Aurora (USA). Today scientists believe that the immune system usually copes with the containment of primary tumors, the cells which are inside them. When cells acquire the ability to move yourself, there are metastases, which are the immune system for some reason just does not see and does not try to suppress the cancer cells. According to current statistics of the medical services of the United States, about 90% of deaths of cancer patients have metastases. In recent years, scientists have discovered several mechanisms that allow cancer to evade the attention of the immune system and spread throughout the body. In some cases the cells cannot get inside certain immune Taurus and have them “deliver” themselves in other parts of the body, and in other cases they are “fake” is a kind of molecular passport of stem cells, posing as overgrown the wound. All this, said Morgan, does not explain why metastatic cells do not die in other organs, dominated by a completely different environment, and why many of them become immune to the action of many types of chemotherapy. His team accidentally found the answer to this question by experimenting with various drugs that are not directly linked with the treatment of cancer. In the course of these experiments, the researchers treated their cultures of metastatic cancer cells “escaped” from the tumors in the lungs and bladder, and watched their reaction on these molecules. As it turned out, many types of metastases can be destroyed, using the chloroquine and other drugs that are used today to treat malaria. All of these substances, as the researchers found, have one thing in common – they inhibit the work of the lysosome a special organelle in which malaria parasites, as well as healthy and cancerous human cells “burn” protein garbage. This gave scientists the idea that lysosomes play a particularly important role in the lives of metastatic tumors. They checked whether it’s actually changing the DNA of “normal” cancer cells so that the activity of lysosomes in them has increased dramatically. As it turned out, these small modifications do make cancer cells more mobile and able to survive in the new environment, but they leave them vulnerable to the effects of drugs against malaria and other molecules interfering with lysosomes. Interestingly, the long cultivation of metastatic cells with chloroquine led to the fact that they have become immune to its effects, but lost the ability to migrate to new organs and tissues. Such an unusual relationship, as I think Morgan and his colleagues can be used to combat cancer and “isolation” of cancerous tumors, treating them with chloroquine and other drugs with similar properties. In this case, the tumor will not disappear, but more will be uncontrollably spread throughout the body, allowing surgeons to remove it to save the patient’s life.

A theory of slurring terms must explain how and why uses of slurs function to dehumanize. On extant expressivist views, speakers express contempt for targets on account of being in the group. This chapter argues that explaining how slurs dehumanize requires more than encoding the speaker’s contempt toward the target and group. It requires appreciating the intricate moral-psychological structure of contempt, in particular that contempt, as a moral emotion, involves taking those properties that are the basis for regarding the target contemptuously as fundamental to the targets’ identity as a person. This feature of contempt is reflected in slurs’ semantics. Understanding contempt is also needed to defend expressivism from important objections. Link al sito dell’editore: Scheda editoriale / Article info

BY: Tim Hauber I don’t know about you, but it sure feels extra hot to me these days! As a farmer, I pay particular attention to the weather here in The Bahamas. While it does feel particularly hot here this summer, the statistics are now in and show that this is not just a local phenomenon. Around the globe, we are experiencing record-breaking weather events. NOAA has released data showing June 2023 to be the hottest since we started recording data 174 years ago. England’s Meteorological Department has reported the Atlantic Ocean water temperatures to be the hottest since 1850 when record-keeping began! Statistics Tell the Story This ocean temperature statistic should be particularly concerning to us here in The Bahamas because we know it leads to stronger hurricanes and rising sea levels. The earth’s average temperature is trending upwards, and most scientists agree that this is connected to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and the cutting down of forests around the globe. These statistics and weather trends can be terribly discouraging at times and can lead to a feeling of helplessness, but the good news is that we all can make decisions that will help rectify this problem. Your daily decisions regarding what food you put on your plate directly impact the environment. In previous articles, we have looked at the benefits of growing locally and eliminating food wastage. However, today I would like to look at the impact of meat consumption on our environment. Cows and Green House Gasses According to the World Wildlife Fund, half of all habitable land on our planet is currently used for agriculture, and 75% of this land is used solely to raise animal feed and livestock. Most of this farmland is used to grow grains fed to cattle to produce beef for human consumption. Unfortunately, cows are quite inefficient in converting grain to meat protein and they produce a lot of problematic byproducts in the process. The amount of greenhouse gases produced yearly because of meat production is roughly equivalent to the greenhouse gases produced by every combustion engine (car, plane, ship, etc.) combined! It would be much more efficient for us to eat protein directly from plants instead of using the inefficient cow to create meat protein. Why are we cutting down 50 million square miles of forest every year to produce more meat when we could simply switch to a plant-based protein and instantly reduce our need for agricultural land by 80%? If we would allow 80% of the agricultural land to return to forests or grasslands, there is no doubt that this would positively impact global warming, freshwater accessibility, and animal & plant diversity loss. Some scientists have calculated that this action, along with reducing fossil fuel consumption, would slow down or even stop global warming. There currently exists some controversy over moving to an entirely plant-based diet. Still, most scientists will agree that reducing meat consumption will benefit the health of our environment and our population. I want to propose that we all take a first step in this direction by adopting a Meatless Monday habit. The Meatless Monday campaign was started in conjunction with the John Hopkins School of Public Health over 20 years ago and has allowed millions of people to experiment with meat-free meals to improve their health and the health of the planet. There is little doubt that eliminating meat consumption every Monday will have a positive impact on the environment and on your own health. - Meatless Mondays will help reduce our environmental impact by creating less greenhouse gases and decreasing the land, water and energy resources needed. - Meatless Mondays will help to increase your health and vitality by reducing heart disease and cancers. - Meatless Mondays will help to reduce animal suffering caused by intensive factory farms. - Meatless Mondays will help to eliminate world hunger by freeing up more resources for those in need. Our family started the Meatless Monday habit almost ten years ago and contrary to what you might think, it resulted in us enjoying our food more than before. Removing animal protein from the center of the plate has forced us to be more creative with what we cook and how we cook it. There are many resources available online to support your efforts of eliminating meat consumption every Monday. Often this shift will result in a reduction in your grocery bill, which is a great bonus. The following website provides many recipes and resources to help with your journey… www.mondaycampaigns.org/meatless-monday After a year or two of Meatless Mondays, we found that we enjoyed this eating style so much that my family switched to only eating meat on the weekends. Eventually, we decided to eat no meat at home, which allows some flexibility in eating meat outside of the home while still fulfilling our goal of a 90% reduction in meat intake. Our family is very active and healthy and these days, we enjoy eating and cooking more than ever! When looking at the trends in global warming and the impact of meat production on the environment, I think we all should consider taking this first step of a Meatless Monday habit. I am convinced that you will enjoy this experience and feel good knowing that you are reducing your impact on our planet in a very tangible manner. About One Eleuthera Foundation Founded in 2012, One Eleuthera Foundation is a community-based non-profit organization dedicated to transforming our local island communities into thriving, self-sufficient ecosystems. We do this by focusing on five key areas: economic ownership, meaningful educational advancement, pathways to wellness, and environmentally sustainable communities centered around our island’s unique cultural identity. We run a number of social enterprises, including CTI, our vocational school; the Retreat Hotel, a training hotel for hospitality students; and our farm and Cooling House, which trains future farmers in the best sustainability and food production practices. Through OEF’s consistent dedicated efforts, the tenacity and resourcefulness of our legacy community, and the support of donors and partners, we are creating change in Eleuthera.

Images, typically explained as the artwork of capturing times frozen in time, is a medium that transcends language and communicates emotions, stories, and perspectives with profound effect. This write-up explores the planet of photography, delving into the artistry, techniques, and the evolving role of photographers in shaping visible narratives. 1. The Artistry of Images: At its core, images is an artwork sort that makes it possible for folks to specific their creativity and eyesight via photographs. Photographers are visible storytellers, framing narratives and feelings inside of the confines of a solitary body. The interplay of gentle, composition, and matter make a difference transforms pictures into a powerful means of interaction. two. Evolving Engineering: The landscape of images has gone through a groundbreaking transformation with the advent of electronic technologies. From the times of movie cameras to the period of large-resolution digital sensors, photographers now have an array of equipment and publish-processing techniques at their disposal. This evolution has democratized pictures, making it possible for enthusiasts and pros alike to capture and share compelling visuals. 3. Varied Genres: Photography spans a multitude of genres, every with its special challenges and imaginative possibilities. Portrait images captures the essence of people, while landscape photography frames the beauty of nature. Road images candidly documents daily life, and architectural photography explores the Photography beauty lines and buildings of the built surroundings. Every style provides photographers with options to specific their eyesight in distinctive methods. 4. The Affect of Social Media: The rise of social media platforms has transformed pictures into a ubiquitous and quickly shareable medium. Platforms like Instagram, Fb, and Pinterest have turn out to be virtual galleries in which photographers showcase their perform, build communities, and attain global audiences. Social media has redefined how we consume and engage with visual content. 5. Specialist Images: Skilled photographers navigate a diverse landscape of opportunities, from industrial assignments to editorial function, celebration protection, and wonderful art photography. Specializations this kind of as trend, food, and product photography require a exclusive set of capabilities, emphasizing the significance of complex proficiency and imaginative flair. 6. Documentary Pictures: Documentary photography serves as a potent resource for capturing reality and telling persuasive tales. Photojournalists and documentary photographers usually function on the front strains, offering a visual narrative of existing events, social issues, and human experiences. Their perform has the likely to advise, encourage, and evoke empathy. 7. The Position of Composition: Composition is a fundamental factor of photography that influences the visual influence of an image. Principles like the rule of thirds, major lines, and framing manual photographers in producing visually partaking and aesthetically pleasing compositions. Mastery of composition permits photographers to information the viewer’s eye and convey a particular mood or message. 8. Steady Learning: Photography is an ever-evolving area, and effective photographers embrace a state of mind of steady learning. Whether or not it truly is mastering new techniques, experimenting with diverse variations, or staying current on the most recent engineering, a dedication to development is crucial in navigating the dynamic landscape of pictures. 9. Capturing Times and Feelings: Photographers are not just observers they are storytellers capturing times and thoughts. Whether freezing a fleeting smile, the quiet splendor of a sunset, or the uncooked emotion of a decisive instant, photographers have the potential to encapsulate the essence of the human experience in a one body. ten. Outside of the Digicam: In the present day era, currently being a photographer extends past capturing images. Successful photographers are often adept at put up-processing techniques, digital advertising and marketing, and constructing a private manufacturer. The capability to leverage on the web platforms, collaborate with other creatives, and adapt to industry developments contributes to a photographer’s accomplishment. Summary: Framing the World in Pixels and Thoughts In conclusion, images is a dynamic and evolving medium that captures the essence of the entire world through the lenses of proficient men and women. From the technical mastery of the craft to the artistry of storytelling, photographers enjoy a important part in shaping our visible society. In a entire world saturated with photos, photographers keep the power to evoke feelings, spark discussions, and immortalize moments that transcend time. By means of their lens, they continue to shape and redefine our perceptions of the entire world close to us.

This series is launching with Taste Acadia, inspired by the ingredients, flavours and cooking techniques commonly used by the French settlers. The menu represents recipes and culinary tradition that were born out of necessity centuries ago and continue to be celebrated across our country today. Next up is Taste Haida Gwaii, launching on Saturday, March 10, celebrating the ingredients, culture and people of the Galapagos of the North. More on Acadia In the early 1600s, the first settlers, mainly farmers, soldiers and craftspeople from rural mid-west France, arrived on Île-Sainte-Croix to form the colony of Acadia. Over the following decades, its people and its influence spread to and prospered in nearby regions, despite fierce tensions between the French and English governments. In the mid 1700s, however, after 100 years of Acadian establishment in Canada, the English expelled the Acadians from their homes and forced families to disperse. With France’s focus turned toward war in Europe at the time, the Acadians were also disconnected from their mother country. After years of isolation, groups resettled along the shores of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and the Magdalen Islands, as well as in Louisiana (and are now considered Cajuns). Existing in a social and political vacuum, the resettled Acadians overcame hardship and created thriving self-sufficient communities. Adapting to the harsher climates and poor soils of their new homes, they found creative ways of leveraging the resources naturally available in order to survive. Formally rooted in rural agriculture, the communities learned to grow hardier vegetables, ones that could withstand frost, in the coast’s fertile marshes, and they embraced fishing, game hunting and animal husbandry, as well as preservation methods, such as salting, drying and smoking. Out of their hardscrabble lives came new culinary tradition and a unique, resilient culture.

Previous versions of The Center’s web suite included several special features based on our historical collections. We will re-post these features as they are updated to modern programming and internet access standards. The Congressional Timeline arrays more than 900 of the nation's laws on a timeline beginning with the first Congress in 1789 and continuing to the present. A second timeline "band" depicts major political events as context for Congress's law-making. Abraham Lincoln and the Illinois Congressional District As part of the Bicentennial Celebration of Abraham Lincoln, the Dirksen Congressional Center is pleased to present a version of the Lincoln legacy through the eyes of two members of Congress, Everett McKinley Dirksen and Robert H. Michel, who later represented the central Illinois congressional district that once sent Lincoln to the House of Representatives. Joint Senate-House Republican Leadership Committee Minutes The minutes of the Republican leadership during the presidential administrations of John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. In their original state, each session’s minutes generally include attendance, brief summaries of topics discussed, and background “fact sheets” for statements at press conferences following the meetings. The digitized document presented here include only the formal minutes. The press conferences following the leadership meetings achieved fame as the “Ev and Charlie” and “Ev and Jerry” shows. Republican Leadership Press Statements The first meeting of the Joint Senate-House Republican Leadership occurred on January 24, 1961. A staff consultant was retained and, as a result of experience gained in the first few weeks, an effort was made to give the meetings a more formalized voice. From the leadership meeting of March 23 forward a record of formal statements was kept and published at the end of each session as an official document of the Senate. Each document contains the formal statements but not the question-and-answer transcripts, most of which are part of the Dirksen Papers. Definitions of terms associated with congressional activity.

Amid the threat posed by COVID-19 the Global Health Security (GHS) Index has been used repeatedly as a reference for global preparedness during the pandemic. This is a key goal of the GHS Index, and the COVID-19 pandemic has become a proof point for its main finding: national health security is fundamentally weak around the world. No country is fully prepared for epidemics or pandemics, and every country has important gaps to address. Given that overall finding, it is important to dispel misconceptions regarding the score of 83.5 (out of a possible 100) received by the United States. Although the United States received the top score of 195 countries assessed and was ranked number one, its score and rank do not indicate that the country is adequately prepared to respond to potentially catastrophic infectious disease outbreaks. Significant preparedness gaps remain, and some of those are playing out in the current crisis. The United States’ response to the COVID-19 outbreak to date shows that capacity alone is insufficient if that capacity isn’t fully leveraged. Strong health systems must be in place to serve all populations, and effective political leadership that instills confidence in the government’s response is crucial. Here’s where the United States had the weakest scores in the GHS Index: - Across the six major categories explored in the GHS Index—prevention, detection and reporting, rapid response, health system, compliance with international norms, and risk environment—the United States’ lowest score fell in the health system category, which measures whether a country has a sufficient and robust system in place to treat the sick and protect health workers. - On healthcare access, the U.S. is ranked as 175 out of 195 countries. A lack of guaranteed access to healthcare for all citizens leaves many vulnerable in times of emergency, including health workers, as there is no federal commitment to prioritizing healthcare services for workers who become sick. - The United States’ score for clinic, hospital, and community care capacity (which measures human resource capacity and facilities capacity) also is low at 60.4 out of 100. According to World Health Organization data last updated in 2013, the U.S. was tied for 75th worldwide for number of hospital beds, with an estimated 290 beds per 100,000 people. - On political and security risks and socio-economic resilience, each of which can impact preparedness, the United States ranked just 59th of 195. - On public confidence in government, the United States received a zero, indicating a low level of confidence among the public (less than 25%). - In a recent analysis of the GHS Index focusing exclusively on indicators related to COVID-19 vulnerability, the U.S. scored 76.8 out of 100—more than 6 points lower than its overall score. Here’s where the United States did particularly well: - The detection category shows that the United States has strong capacities in lab systems, surveillance and reporting, in its epidemiology workforce, and in integrating data across sectors. However, since the GHS Index is based on publicly available information about national health security capacities, it does not take into consideration data pertaining to state-based testing, implementation, and reporting to the national level. - The overall score of 83.5 put the United States in the top spot on the 195-country ranking; as such, it should be well-positioned to model best practices in preparedness and deploy its capabilities to assist other countries during global public health emergencies; however, the United States’ lack of support to the overall global response to COVID-19 suggests there is work to be done in this area. The significant gaps in the United States’ GHS Index country profile are deeply concerning to health-care experts and professionals – and should be of concern to the general public and policymakers alike. The way forward: In the past four months, the world has seen how an isolated outbreak in one country has rapidly grown to a global pandemic. The COVID-19 outbreak has proven that a threat anywhere is a threat everywhere, and no country can rely on the strength of its own preparedness alone. The global average GHS Index score is just 40.2, and the response to the COVID-19 outbreak makes it clear that the world is collectively unprepared for a pandemic. Plans to combat COVID-19 require local, national, regional, and global action, and the United States has an obligation to address the gaps in its own system and to invest in countries that are far less prepared. This article originally appeared in NTI’s Atomic Pulse on April 21, 2020.

The question of how to find a steady romantic partnership is among the oldest human predicaments. There is consequently considerable interest in what factors might predict partnership success. Traits like warmth, conscientiousness, agreeableness and trust all seem to matter. But can behaviour in childhood predict your future partnering prospects? In a new study published with my colleagues in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry we show that children rated by their elementary schoolteachers as being anxious or inattentive were more likely to remain unpartnered from age 18 to 35 years. Children rated as aggressive-oppositional — those who fight, bully and disobey — were more likely to separate and return to unpartnered status. Conversely, prosocial children, who were rated as being kind, helpful and considerate, showed earlier and more sustained partnerships across early adulthood. The study suggests that the seeds of future partnering patterns are planted early and are visible even before adolescence. This has important implications for children with behavioural difficulties, who already face many life challenges from unemployment to lower earnings. If they can be identified by teachers, then it may be possible to flag them for assessment and support and improve their life chances. Good partnerships offer many advantages. They provide emotional support, co-parenting opportunities and socioeconomic security, and can lead to developmental maturation including reduced neuroticism and increased extraversion and self-esteem. Partnership buffers against the harmful effects of stress, protects against mid-life alcohol and tobacco use, enhances mental health and well-being and is associated with a healthier, longer life. Although the health benefits may not be entirely causal, since happier, healthier individuals might be “selected” into partnership, they appear to be at least partially causal. Why we conducted the study Previous research has shown that childhood psychiatric disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder are associated with future partnership difficulties, including intimate partner violence and lower relationship satisfaction. We were interested in whether common childhood behaviours — including prosocial traits — would predict future partnership stability for children without clinical diagnoses. Our study was based on analysis of nearly 3,000 Canadian children who were rated by teachers for behaviours like inattention, hyperactivity, aggression, opposition, anxiety and prosociality at age 10, 11 and 12 years and then followed up into adulthood so we could examine their anonymized tax return records. Since Canadian tax regulations require people who are married or cohabiting to report this status in their tax returns, we were able to statistically identify groups of participants who followed common patterns of partnering. We then linked them with their earlier behavioural ratings. We controlled for participants’ socioeconomic status because some studies show this can influence partnering patterns. We found that participants who were predominantly unpartnered from age 18 to 35 years were significantly more likely to have been anxious children, while those who separated early (around age 28 years) and returned to unpartnered status were more likely to have been aggressive-oppositional children. Interestingly, children who were inattentive were more likely to have been in either the unpartnered group or the early separated group. Participants in the unpartnered and separated groups fared poorly in other ways too: they were more likely to have left high school without a diploma, to have lower earnings and to be in receipt of welfare support. This raises important questions about what underlying factors might explain the link between childhood behaviour and future partnering patterns. Why behaviour matters for partnership Childhood behaviour could influence future partnering directly and indirectly. Behaviour is relatively stable across development so a direct influence might be the persistence of childhood behaviours — such as aggression or anxiety — into adulthood, which then influence the capacity to form and sustain stable partnerships. Studies show that adults who are low in agreeableness, conscientiousness and emotional stability, as measured by the big five personality structures, have less satisfying and more tumultuous relationships, and this could undermine relationship stability. Indirect influences on partnership involve intermediate events, such as employment status or earnings, which have a knock-on effect on accumulation of human capital that contributes to the perceived attractiveness of a partner. For instance, children with disruptive and inattentive behavioural problems typically have fewer friends, under-perform at school, are more likely to abuse substances and to have lower earnings and higher welfare receipt as adults — all of which could undermine their capacity to attract and retain romantic partners as adults. The finding that prosocial children have more stable and sustained partnerships is perhaps unsurprising. They typically have better peer relations and academic attainment in childhood and higher earnings and perceived attractiveness in adulthood, which should enhance their appeal to prospective partners. Mind the hitch This study should not be understood as a normative argument for partnership, implying that people should be partnered or that “longer is better.” Such decisions are highly personal and depend on individual preferences, life goals, financial circumstances, professional ambitions and so on. Rather, we note that most people do wish to partner, and that partnership may confer important health and well-being benefits, so the persistence of early untreated behavioural difficulties should not become an obstacle to establishing stable partnerships in adulthood. One limitation of this study is that we examined only whether participants were partnered, not the quality of those partnerships. This should be explored in future studies, since children with behavioural problems are likely to have both less stable and less satisfying partnerships. Successful partnerships are determined by a multitude of individual and contextual factors, and early behaviours are just one piece of the puzzle. Our study shows, once again, that children with behavioural difficulties face many challenges that cascade across their lives, and this includes marginalization from partnership. Early monitoring and support are crucial and prevention programs that target children’s disruptive, anxious and inattentive behaviours — and promote social-emotional skills — can produce lasting effects with benefits for individuals, families and society. After all, there are many reasons to encourage good behaviour.

Jason and his Mythological Quest for the Legendary Golden Fleece One of the most fascinating stories of ancient Greek mythology is the story of the Argonauts and the Quest for the Golden Fleece. Set in the pre-Trojan War era, this epic narrative unfolds during a time when legendary heroes like Hercules and Theseus were at the peak of their heroic deeds and adventures in ancient Greece. The quest for the Golden Fleece brings together a band of extraordinary individuals on a perilous journey across the seas, filled with mythical creatures, daunting challenges and divine interventions, making it a truly remarkable and timeless tale of heroism and valor. Jason with the Golden Fleece, an 18th century statue by Bertel Thorvaldsen. (Public domain) The Story of Jason and the Famed Golden Fleece of Greek Mythology Jason was the son of Aeson, descendant of god Aeolus and the rightful heir of the throne of Iolcus. His wife would later on be the famous sorceress Medea, daughter of King Aeetes of Colchis—where the Golden Fleece resided. The story of Jason and the Golden Fleece began when Pelias, half-brother of Aeson (Jason’s father) and son of Poseidon, took the throne of Iolcus, bypassing his brother Aeson and locking him in the dungeons of Iolcus. Because of his wrongful actions, he received a warning from an oracle that a descendant of Aeson would seek revenge. - The Ancient Kingdom of Colchis: A Legendary Land of Plenty, Conflict, and the Golden Fleece - Charybdis: The Terrifying Whirlpool Monster of Greek Mythology While Aeson was still in the dungeon, he managed to marry and father children, with Jason being one of his offspring. Pelias held the belief that Jason was the individual prophesied by the oracle to exact vengeance on him. He therefore commanded Jason to embark on an impossible mission, during which he believed and hoped that Jason would be slain. This quest entailed retrieving the Golden Fleece from the distant land of Colchis. The Golden Fleece was said to have been created from the skin of a winged ram. In Greek mythology, the holy ram with the golden fleece—often referred to as "the Golden Ram"—played a crucial role in one of the stories of Zeus, whereby he used it to save Phrixus and Helle, the children of King Athamas. According to the story, the two children were to be sacrificed after their step-mother convinced their father it was necessary. But seeing this injustice, Zeus intervened and before the sacrifice took place his holy ram flew down and took the children away, travelling a long distance through the air. Unfortunately, Helle fell from the ram during the flight and was killed. The ocean where she was said to have dropped still bears her name today—Hellespontus. Phrixus continued his journey and arrived safely in Colchis, an area in the southern Caucasus on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, where the boy was welcomed by the King Aeetes of Colchis. In gratitude, Phrixus sacrificed the ram to Zeus and presented its golden fleece to King Aeetes. The Golden Fleece was kept at the temple of the Ares (Mars) the God of War and a dragon—so large that it could surround a ship with its body—was tasked with guarding it at all times. This Golden Fleece became the central object of the famous mythological quest undertaken by Jason and the Argonauts to retrieve it, as depicted in the story of Jason and the Argonauts. Painting of Jason and the Golden Fleece by Erasmus Quellinus II. (Public domain) Jason’s Voyage to Retrieve the Golden Fleece Following King Pelias's commands, Jason embarked on his legendary voyage, known as Argonautica. To ensure its success, Jason recruited the finest warriors of the time, including renowned heroes like Hercules and Orpheus. They set sail on the specially crafted 50-oar ship, Argos, named after its creator Argus, son of Phrixus. Goddess Athena adorned the ship's bow with a branch from her sacred 'speaking' oak tree in Dodoni. Jason had the support of Goddess Hera, seeking revenge on King Pelias for not worshiping her. Their adventurous journey led them to Colchis, where Jason, invoking Hera's wishes, requested the Golden Fleece from King Aeetes. Aeetes seemingly agreed but set Jason a daunting challenge. He tasked Jason with plowing the land using two bulls with metallic legs and flaming nostrils, followed by sowing the dragon's teeth he provided. However, Aeetes concealed the fact that sowing the teeth would summon a formidable army of warriors from the soil to attack Jason. Fortunately, Medea, daughter of Aeetes, aided Jason. She provided him with an ointment granting invincibility to fire and iron for a day, along with insights into her father's scheme. Medea instructed Jason to hurl a stone at the warriors, inciting them to turn on each other, instigate a chaotic battle, and ultimately destroy themselves. Painting of Jason and Medea by John William Waterhouse. (Public domain) Medea's Sorcery Crucial in Golden Fleece Legend Thanks to Medea's assistance, Jason successfully completed the challenge, compelling King Aeetes to concede that Jason could indeed retrieve the Golden Fleece. Nevertheless, Aeetes believed the dragon would kill him, and he also ordered his army to burn Jason’s ship, Argos, and kill the Argonauts. Medea once again stepped in to help and as a sorceress, put a spell on the dragon so that Jason could get the Golden Fleece from the tree were it was hanging. - Did Ancient Gold Mining Methods Create REAL Golden Fleece and Inspire Legend of Jason and the Argonauts? - Seductive Sirens of Greek Mythology and How Heroes Resisted Them Jason retrieved the Golden Fleece and left along with Medea as well as Argos and the Argonauts. Aware of her father's pursuit, Medea took a drastic step by capturing her brother and tragically ending his life. She then scattered his remains throughout the vast expanse of the ocean, forcing her father into a prolonged search for his son's scattered parts. This diversion bought them the essential time they needed to make their escape. The return journey was arduous. Zeus, angered by Medea's brother's demise, presented numerous challenges to Jason and the Argonauts. These trials featured the alluring yet perilous Sirens, whose enchanting music lured sailors to shipwreck on their rocky island, as well as the dreaded Skylla and Charybdis, mythical sea monsters capable of ship destruction. Not to mention the colossal metallic guardian, Talos, in Crete, and a host of other formidable obstacles. By overcoming the challenges and obstacles they faced on their journey, Jason and the Argonauts were redeemed for their sin of killing Medea’s brother. Finally, with the help of the God Apollo, they arrived back home, where Jason gave the Golden Fleece to King Pelias. Jason returns with the Golden Fleece, shown on an Apulian red-figure calyx krater, c. 340–330 BC. (Public domain) Jason and the Golden Fleece: Separating History from Legend Most people believe that the story of Jason and the Argonauts is a work of fiction born out of the imagination of the ancient people. However, the word “myth” originates from the Greek word mythos, meaning “word,” “tale” or “true narrative.” This refers not only to the means by which it was transmitted, but also to it being rooted in truth. Mythos was also closely related to the word myo, meaning “to teach” or “to initiate into the mysteries.” Based on this background, some scholars have argued that the ancient Greek myths have their root in reality. A famous example is the city Troy, which is central to Homer’s The Iliad. Long considered to be a city of myth, Heinrich Schliemann’s discovery of the actual site in 1868 elevated it to a place in history. Likewise, Dr. Marcus Vaxevanopoulos of the Geology department of the University of Thessaloniki in Greece argued that there is some reality behind the story of Jason and the Argonauts. He suggested that the myth of Jason and the Golden Fleece actually described a Greek quest which aimed to bring gold from the area of Colchis, an area rich in gold and other metals. This is not to say that sea monsters and enchanting sirens really existed, but that these descriptions were, in fact, a way for people to explain real—and perhaps perplexing—events using the knowledge and beliefs of their time. After all, research and historical records have shown that stories of sea monsters were simply a way for people to describe whales, walruses and giant squid, which were rarely seen in ancient times and which were quite terrifying to the people that saw them. If Dr. Vaxevanopoulos is right, and the story of Jason and the Argonauts has its basis in reality, the next logical question is—how much of the story is real? Who were the gods that intervened in the lives of the mortals? What did the dragon represent? And was the Golden Fleece merely a symbol for real gold? Top image: The Capture of the Golden Fleece, an oil painting by Jean-François de Troy. Source: Public domain By John Black Stefanidis, D. 2022. “Phrixus and Helle” in Greek Mythology and Folktales from Greece. Available at: https://sigmapublications.com/txt_mth_en_en5.html No name. No date. Jason & the Argonauts” in Myths & Heroes. Available at: https://www.pbs.org/mythsandheroes/myths_four_jason.html No name. No date. The Golden Fleece” in Mythology Guide. Available at: http://www.online-mythology.com/golden_fleece/ Waterfield, R. & Waterfield K. 2016. The Greek Myths: Stories of the Greek Gods and Heroes Vividly Retold. Quercus Publishing.

The Problem:With the rapid increase in electric vehicles, the demand for lithium batteries have been increasing exponentially. However, lithium supply have not bene able to keep up, leading to year of year shortage. In addition, less than 10% of current lithium batteries are being recycled. The Solution:NEU uses its patented world’s first sustainable redox targeting battery recycling solution to offer a solution for recycling used batteries. NEU’s modular system allows for rapid scalability, and can recycle used batteries, such as lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. NEU produces lithium which can then be sold back to various industries, such as battery manufacturing. NEU also produces hydrogen as a by-product. The Differentiator:NEU uses a patented electrochemical process to recycle lithium batteries, which uses electricity to extract the lithium. With a redox process, the chemicals used are regenerative, allowing NEU to recycle new feedstock without the need to add more chemicals. Through this, the process is clean and sustainable. In addition, NEU has developed a modular system, which is able to scale to meet the incoming battery demands over the next few years. Biggest Achievement:Funded by Temasek to set up a pilot plant. No official customers yet, but in talks with several. Grand Finalist in The Liveability Challenge in 2021.

A security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion – unauthorized entry – into a building or area. Security alarms are used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise protect vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security systems for control of inmates. Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems provide both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm systems may also be combined with closed-circuit televisionsurveillance systems to automatically record the activities of intruders, and may interface to access control systems for electrically locked doors. Systems range from small, self-contained noisemakers, to complicated, multi-area systems with computer monitoring and control. The most basic alarm consists of one or more sensors to detect intruders, and an alerting device to indicate the intrusion. However, a typical premises security alarm employs the following components:

At a Texas meeting May 14, USC researcher Roberta Diaz Brinton will discuss her research and the hopes she has for the colonies of rat nerve cells she has cultured -- and even sculptured -- on silicon semiconductor substrate. She envisions that hybrid brain-electronic systems may soon serve to elucidate the process by which brains perform complex functions, including specific pattern recognition. Such systems may also form part of a new generation of chemical detectors. Brinton, an associate professor of molecular pharmacology in the School of Pharmacy, also plans to use her wired colonies of cells for studies in her specialty, the study of the effects on the brain of the hormone estrogen and allied substances. Finally and most ambitiously, Brinton and co-workers from the USC School of Engineering's department of biomedical engineering hope to someday be able to implant similar chips into living brains as both experimental instruments and eventually as prostheses. The cells come from a part of the brain called the hippocampus, which is associated with short term memory. Brinton dissociates the cells from their intricate network of interconnections with each other, and then places them as individual cells on a specially prepared silicon testbed studded with a matrix of electrodes. The dissociated cells, approximately 80,000 of them, affix themselves to the testbed and grow, sending out processes and reforming synaptic contacts with each other. They can live on the chips for extended periods -- as long as months, according to Brinton. Brinton's lab is one of only a very few in the world able to culture and study such nerve cell colonies. During the course of the nearly two years Brinton has been working with the technique of culturing on silicon, she and her co-worker, graduate student Walid Sassou have learned to make and use masks made by traditional photo-resist processes to "sculpt" the colonies into desired shapes by placement of the substrate coating to which the cells can adhere. Using this technique, the colonies can be made on certain electronic contacts, encouraging some connections while preventing others. "We call these 'designer circuits,' said Brinton. "We arrange it so the neurons can only grow in certain directions. We can create paths for the neurons to grow in." The electrode matrix the neurons grow on can serve as both inputs for the cells, and monitors of their activity. With the entire array in monitoring, Brinton and collaborators like Ted Berger of the department of biomedical engineering, or neurobiologist Michel Baudry of the department of biological sciences, can both observe the spontaneous patterns of synaptic activity that occur with the neurons talking to each other. "We can eavesdrop," said Brinton, "and try to find the algorithms that define their activity. The researchers can also stimulate their nerve cell colonies at any desired point, and then monitor the cellular synaptic activity that results. "We are now talking to the networks of cells that we have grown," said Brinton, "and they are replying. We soon should have a much better idea of what they are saying." According to Brinton, the chemical activity that takes place at the synapses of hippocampal neurons is well understood, and can be manipulated at the individual neuron level by administration of minute, precisely-measured quantities of substances to enhance or inhibit any given neurotransmitters. The result is a "bionic chip" that Brinton believes can eventually do information processing on its own. In addition to helping researchers better understand how the brain functions, Brinton said such chips may form part of useful devices that might serve as chemical sensors for large complex, biochemically active substances, or even specific microorganisms. But the most exciting prospects revolve around the possibility of actually interfacing a chip with living brain cells. Berger and collaborators from the School of Engineering have developed special chips that duplicate activity patterns of sections of the hippocampus. These chips are composite, containing numerous separate components, each of which acts like a single cell. "If some day, we could get living cells to interact and talk to such chips," Brinton said, "we might some day be able to implant it into a living brain." Such an implant might restore function lost by disease or injury, Berger said. "But the first step toward this is having a silicon chip live with and communicate with nerve cells," said Brinton, "and this is what we have begun to do." Brinton will present an overview of her work at the University of Texas, Houston School of Medicine at noon May 14, at a department of neurology seminar. Her research was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. Materials provided by University Of Southern California. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Cite This Page:

In the ever-evolving landscape of modern medicine, diagnostic imaging plays a pivotal role in understanding and addressing various health concerns. The power of these technologies extends to the realms of women’s health and general well-being, providing crucial insights for healthcare professionals and patients alike. Mammograms: Mammography stands as a cornerstone in the early detection of breast cancer. Through this non-invasive screening method, women can take proactive steps to safeguard their health. Biopsy: When irregularities are detected, a biopsy becomes a crucial diagnostic tool. This procedure aids in assessing breast abnormalities and determining the most appropriate course of action. Learn more about biopsies. Breast MRI: Offering a detailed perspective, breast MRI provides valuable information for the diagnosis and management of breast conditions. Breast Ultrasound: This imaging technique delves into the complexities of breast health, offering additional insights to support comprehensive diagnoses. More about Breast ultrasound. Bone Density: Bone density scans are a powerful tool in the evaluation of bone health, especially important for women as they age. HSG (Hysterosalpingography): HSG is instrumental in assessing a woman’s reproductive health, often used in cases of fertility issues. Cryoablation: Innovative treatments like cryoablation offer non-surgical alternatives for addressing certain breast tumours, prioritising the patient’s well-being. X-rays: X-rays provide a fundamental tool for diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions, from fractures to lung issues. Oncology Imaging: In the realm of oncology, diagnostic imaging aids in detecting and monitoring cancer, enabling timely interventions. Learn more about oncology. Children’s Imaging: Paediatric imaging focuses on the unique needs of young patients, ensuring their comfort and safety during examinations. Neonatal Imaging: For newborns, specialised imaging techniques provide essential insights into their health, facilitating early intervention when necessary. In a world where knowledge is empowerment, diagnostic imaging bridges the gap between uncertainty and informed decisions. Women’s imaging encompasses critical breast health assessments, while general imaging serves as a versatile tool for assessing various medical concerns. These imaging modalities serve as a testament to the advancements in healthcare, promoting early detection and timely interventions. By shedding light on the mysteries within the human body, they empower both healthcare providers and patients to make proactive and informed decisions on their journey to better health and well-being.

By A.B. Feuer The United States Navy investigation into the February 15, 1898, sinking of the battleship Maine was a difficult undertaking. The nation’s press had been inciting the American people with war hysteria headlines. It was almost impossible for the naval officers conducting the inquiry not to be influenced by public opinion, the enormity of the tragedy, and a thirst for revenge. There were only two possibilities for the loss of the Maine. Either the ship had been destroyed by an accidental internal explosion or by a deliberate act of sabotage. If it was an accident, then the commanding officer, Captain Charles Sigsbee, was required to explain how it occurred on a ship for which he was responsible. But if the act had been carried out by Spanish authorities, dissident Spaniards, or Cuban insurgents, then Spain was to blame. The assistant secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, was convinced that the fault lay with the Spanish. He was positive that the explosion was no accident, and that the Maine was a victim of “dirty treachery.” Thus, comments supporting the accident theory were a particular worry to Roosevelt; he was a constant advocate of a strong Navy, and Republican congressional leaders had stated that “the [Maine] disaster proved the United States must stop building battleships.” Teddy Roosevelt countered by saying that this reaction was weak and cowardly. He argued that “battleships were delicate instruments, and even the most advanced naval powers had accidents—they were as inevitable as losses in war. The men who live aboard these ships recognize and accept the hazard. The nation which they defend cannot do less. The loss of the Maine was the price the country must pay to assume its role as a great power.” Unleashing the Fox in the Chicken House On the afternoon of February 25, Secretary of the Navy John Long departed his office early, thereby leaving Roosevelt “in charge”—the fox was loose in the chicken house. The assistant secretary began to issue fleet orders as fast as the telegrapher could handle them. A general alert was sent to all ships, stations, and fleet commanders throughout the world ordering them to have their ships fueled and ready to leave port immediately. Even before the Maine disaster, Commodore George Dewey had sailed with his flagship, the cruiser Olympia, from Nagasaki, Japan, to Hong Kong, closer to the Spanish-held Philippines. But the rest of Dewey’s squadron was still at Nagasaki. Roosevelt changed that in a hurry. He telegraphed Dewey: “Order your squadron, except the Monocacy, to join you at Hong Kong. In event of declaration of war against Spain, your duty will be to see that Spanish ships do not leave the Asiatic coast, and then begin offensive operations in the Philippine Islands.” When Secretary Long returned to his office, he was surprised and upset at the actions Roosevelt had taken. But the orders to Commodore Dewey were not rescinded. On Friday, March 25, the final report on the cause of the Maine disaster was delivered to the White House. The following Monday, President McKinley announced to the world that the Maine had been destroyed by a mine. This was the news that the American public had been waiting to hear. The nation’s press called for war, and the cry, “Remember the Maine” quickly healed the festering wounds of the recent Civil War. The American people became united in a common cause. Only “war” could satisfy their hunger for revenge—the flames of which were fanned by the rival newspapers of Hearst and Pulitzer. Brewing in the wind was a newspaper circulation war in the States, and a shooting war on the high seas. The loss of the Maine was not the only issue provoking a nationalistic spirit in the United States. The issue of Spanish misrule in Cuba had acquired an importance equal to that of who was to blame for the destruction of the battleship. President McKinley’s Secretary of State, William R. Day, declared that Spain must accept responsibility for the loss of the Maine. This was not all; Spain should make reparations to the United States, and also grant Cuba her independence. The president, on the other hand, strove for neutrality and sought concessions from Spain in order to satisfy America’s lust for war. But “flag-waving” Congressmen demanded retribution, and continually exerted pressure on McKinley to act militarily against the Spanish. Declaring War with Spain Secretary of War Russell A. Alger told the president that Congress was hell-bent for revenge and would declare war in spite of McKinley’s pleas for calmness and cool heads. The war hawks finally prevailed. On April 19, Congress passed a resolution demanding that Spain relinquish her authority and government in Cuba—and McKinley was authorized to use the armed forces to effectuate the decree. Except for a formal declaration, the United States was at war with Spain. Within a few days, President McKinley ordered a naval blockade of Cuban ports, and a call went out for 125,000 Army volunteers. Then, on April 25, Congress passed a joint resolution that a state of war existed between the two countries. George Dewey had entered the U.S. Naval Academy in 1854, aged 17. He was just beginning his Navy career at the time of the Civil War, and participated in the capture of New Orleans—serving as a lieutenant aboard the USS Mississippi. When Commodore Dewey was assigned to the Asiatic Squadron in January 1898, he was already 60 years old and looking forward to retirement. On Friday, April 22, Dewey’s fleet was riding at anchor in the British port of Hong Kong. Navy Secretary Long cabled the commodore that the United States had begun a blockade of Cuban ports, but that war had not yet been officially announced. Later that afternoon, the cruiser Baltimore (dispatched by Roosevelt) arrived from Honolulu loaded with powder and ammunition for Dewey’s flotilla. On April 24, because of British neutrality regulations, the American Asiatic Squadron was ordered to leave Hong Kong. While Dewey’s ships steamed out from the British port, military bands on English vessels played the “Star Spangled Banner,” their crews cheering the American sailors. Commodore Dewey anchored his fleet about 30 miles down the Chinese coast at Mirs Bay and awaited further instructions. During the weeks that Dewey was in Hong Kong, his days were spent in consultation with the various ship captains under his command. All possibilities and eventualities of conflict with the enemy were discussed. He called upon his men to express their opinions freely, and all ideas were given careful consideration. Also while the American squadron was anchored at Hong Kong, Spanish agents played a cat-and-mouse game with Dewey. The Spaniards continually spread rumors concerning the mining of channels surrounding the island of Corregidor and portions of Manila. America’s Uncomfortable Analysis Because of all the misinformation he was receiving, Dewey had established his own spy network. He had assigned his aide, Ensign F.B. Upham, to pose as a civilian interested in the sea and ships. Upham would interview crews attached to vessels arriving from Manila. Additional important data was obtained from an American businessman living in Hong Kong who made frequent trips to the Philippines and reported his observations to the commodore. Surprisingly, actual U.S. Naval intelligence was so lacking that Dewey was forced to buy charts of the Philippine Islands at a Hong Kong store. After as many facts as they could gather were in and sorted out, the final picture they pieced together was not comforting. Approximately 20 Spanish naval vessels were in the Manila area, though most of these were gunboats and small torpedo craft. The largest ships were two cruisers, the Reina Cristina and Castilla. Actually, it was the Spanish coastal defenses that worried Dewey the most. The island of Corregidor divided the entrance of Manila Bay into two channels. The north passage, between Corregidor and the Bataan peninsula was called Boca Chica and was only two miles wide. The southern channel, Boca Grande, was five miles wide. Strong fortifications mounting high- power German-made Krupp guns had been constructed on the island and mainland. Both channels had been mined by the Spanish. The narrow passage was the shallower of the two, and potentially more dangerous. Dewey was of the opinion that mining the deep channel at Boca Grande would be a much more difficult undertaking, and he doubted the Spanish could have accomplished the feat successfully. Other information relayed to the American fleet reported heavily armed fortresses at Cavite and Manila itself. Another disturbing problem confronting Dewey was the knowledge that no reinforcements, nor assistance of any kind, had been dispatched by Navy Secretary Long to support the Asiatic Squadron. There was also the realization that in case the battle was not decisive and his fleet was forced to retire from the action, there was no place to go if any of his ships needed repair. Neutrality laws worked against the Americans in all Asian ports—and the United States was 8,000 miles away. Thus, by steaming to Manila, Dewey was burning all his bridges behind him. He had to be victorious. If the mission failed, the likely result was hopeless retreat and eventual annihilation of his squadron. “You Must Capture Vessels or Destroy” While battle plans were being formulated, crew members of the American flotilla were not taking life easy. The sailors trained continually in target practice, fire drills, and all possible conditions of actual combat. On Tuesday, April 26, Dewey was notified that war had begun and received his sailing orders: “War has commenced between the United States and Spain. Proceed at once to the Philippine Islands, and initiate operations against the Spanish fleet. You must capture vessels or destroy. Use utmost endeavors.” A reporter for the New York Journal, John Barrett, witnessed the American ships leaving the Chinese coast. He wrote: “When Dewey’s squad- ron sailed out from Mirs Bay, it reminded me of thoroughbred race horses, trained to the minute by an expert, who not only knew his animals, but also his competition, and the conditions of the race.” Nevertheless the United States Asiatic Fleet did not include a single battleship. The flotilla was composed of four cruisers, the Olympia, Baltimore, Boston, , and Raleigh; two gunboats, the Concord and Petrel; and the revenue cutter McCulloch. Dewey’s flagship, the Olympia, was commanded by Captain Charles V. Gridley. The armament of the American vessels ranged from 8-inch to 5-inch guns, plus many smaller caliber weapons. The combined tonnage of the cruisers was only slightly more than that of the battleship Iowa. Before leaving Hong Kong, Dewey had asked for and received permission to purchase two British cargo ships—the Nanshan and the Zafiro. The merchantmen were loaded with 10,000 tons of coal for the task force and manned by English crews. Three newspaper correspondents sailed with the American fleet. Aboard the McCulloch were Edwin Harden of the New York World and John McCutch- eon of the Chicago Record. Joseph Stickney of the New York Herald had a ringside seat on the bridge of the Olympia,. Hong Kong was 600 miles from Manila, and there was plenty of time for the men in Dewey’s squadron to worry and wonder what was in store for them. Moreover, they could be anxious about an ambush; more than a thousand islands were scattered throughout the Philippine archipelago, and Spanish warships could be hiding anywhere During the voyage, individual ship captains kept their men razor-sharp, with constant gun drills and signal exercises. General quarters was called at any hour of the day or night. On Friday evening, April 29, the fleet was ordered darkened, except for small stern lights that were barely visible. On Saturday morning, the island of Luzon was sighted. Fires were kindled under each boiler, and black smoke poured from every stack. The vessels were a bedlam of activity. Splinter nettings were spread and hoses run between decks—ready to instantly drown any fires caused by bursting shells. Ammunition hoists were checked, magazines opened, and every strip of bunting except the signal flags was packed away. Wooden stanchions, rails, and other movable items were stowed below to prevent shrapnel fragments from slashing the men topside in case of an enemy hit. The Spanish Fleet Possessed a Distinct Numerical Advantage Wooden lifeboats were lowered and towed behind the McCulloch. All spars and ladders that could not be stowed below decks were swung over the sides of the ships. Unnecessary rigging was taken down, and wire stays attached to the masts were firmly lashed with ropes, so that if shot away, the masts would not crash to the deck and interfere with the operation of the guns. The captain of every ship in Dewey’s squadron informed his crew that the Spanish fleet was larger than the American squadron, and that considering the mined channels and forts that had to be traversed, the enemy had a distinct advantage. Before he sailed from Mirs Bay, Dewey learned that Spanish Admiral Patricio Montojo had ordered his warships to Subic Bay, about 30 miles north of Corregidor, and was prepared to battle the Americans from an excellent defensive position. The vessels under Montojo’s command were the cruisers Reina Cristina and Castilla and the gunboats Isla de Cuba, Isla de Luzon, Don Juan de Austria, and the Don Antonio de Ulloa. Several smaller ships included four torpedo boats. Subic Bay was an ideal defensive setup. The entrance was about two miles wide, and halfway up the bay was Grande Island, commanding both sides of the passage. But unknown to Dewey, when Admiral Montojo’s fleet reached Subic Bay, he discovered that only five mines had been placed and that four cannon, supposedly mounted on the island, were instead lying on the beach. Visibly upset, Montojo turned his fleet around and headed for Manila. The Spanish admiral anchored his warships on both sides of the Cavite fortress, where the vessels could be protected by large land-based guns. Montojo was familiar with the harbor area, and was aware that the Americans would be compelled to maneuver in strange waters—and with inaccurate Spanish charts. Dewey halted his squadron outside Subic Bay and sent the Boston, Baltimore, and Concord ahead as pickets to scout the inlet. The vessels returned in the afternoon and reported they found only a few small sloops and schooners. Dewey also received news that Montojo had left Subic Bay earlier that morning. All ship captains were immediately summoned to the Olympia, for a conference. Dewey told the officers he intended to enter Manila Bay that evening—regardless of the mines and forts. The Commodore felt confident the Spaniards would not expect such a move, and that they could be taken by surprise. Then the American squadron sneaked along the Philippine coast at four knots so as not to reach the Manila Bay entrance before nightfall. The ships’ crews went to their battle-eve supper at 7 o’clock, and about two hours later, battle ports were closed. A spirit of tense excitement permeated the hot, muggy night. The only light visible was a tiny stern signal, enclosed in a box so it could only be seen by ships directly in the wake of the slow-moving vessels. The Olympia, led the column, followed by the Baltimore, Boston, Raleigh, Concord, and Petrel. The McCulloch and the coal ships were stationed a mile astern. The sky was overcast but the moon occasionally peeked between the clouds, silhouetting the invading fleet. Off to port, the coast of Bataan could be seen in the distance. Dewey realized that the enemy could be watching their approach and preparing their fortress guns for a heavy barrage. At 10 o’clock, the men were sent to their battle stations—not by the usual bugle call, but by word of mouth. Dewey timed his arrival with precision. It was almost midnight when the Corregidor Island foglight flashed ahead. The American squadron passed into the Boca Grande channel and approached Corregidor abeam to port. Every binocular and gun was trained on the fortress as Dewey’s fleet turned north into Manila Bay. Suddenly the McCulloch’s smokestack belched a bright flash of flame. Soot from the soft coal she was burning had ignited inside the stack owing to the intense heat of her furnace. The fire glowed for a few minutes, leaving the cutter a perfect target for the enemy’s big guns. But the Spaniards had evidently been taken by surprise. Their weapons were not fully manned, and it took time to ready the batteries for action. It was not until Dewey’s fleet cleared Corregidor that the Spanish opened fire. The flash from a cannon erupted on the mainland, and a shell ripped across the water, splashing in front of the Olympia,. The Raleigh answered the challenge, followed by 8-inch salvos from the Boston. Direct hits were scored on the enemy’s position, silencing their guns. Even though the American squadron had been discovered, Spaniards in the forts at the bay’s entrance could not directly tell their comrades farther up the bay what was happening; there was no telegraphic communication between them and the city of Manila. Dewey was only 20 miles from Manila, but decided not to arrive until daylight. He signaled his ships to proceed in double column at a speed of four knots. He also ordered the McCulloch to lead the cargo vessels up to a position where they would be protected by the cruisers and less exposed to a sudden attack. All gun crews were directed to try to get some sleep. The men lay down on the decks near their battle stations. Each ship was in a state of readiness. Every gun was loaded, and ammunition hoists were filled with shells. Officers on watch continually moved about, inspecting every station over and over again. Conversations were conducted in whispers so as not to disturb the sleeping men. At 5 o’clock Sunday morning, May 1, the dim outline of Manila loomed through the haze on the horizon. A few minutes later, the city’s waterfront could be seen. In a moment, a lookout aboard the Olympia, sighted the outline of ships about five miles south. Lieutenant C.G. Calkins, using his binoculars, brought Sangley Point and Cavite into sharp focus. He could see a line of gray and white vessels stretching eastward from the point, the flame-colored flags of Spain hanging listlessly from their masts. Dewey’s squadron, with bright-hued signal flags whipping in the air, looked every bit like ships on parade as they headed for their date with destiny. John McCutcheon described the opening of the battle: “At ten minutes after five, the American fleet was off Cavite, and the brightness of the day revealed the enemy’s position. Spanish began firing immediately at a range of four miles. At the sound of the first shot, the Olympia, swung to starboard, and headed straight for the Spaniards. The flagship was followed by the Baltimore, Raleigh, Petrel, Concord, and Boston.” Aboard the advancing American vessels, gunners, stripped of all clothing except their trousers, waited impatiently for the order to commence firing. Dewey had given strict instructions for his ships to hold their fire until an effective range had been reached—he could not afford to waste powder and shells. The McCulloch and coal ships remained back in the bay, their crews lining the decks to watch the spectacle. Commodore Dewey and Lieutenant Calkins stood on the forward bridge of the Olympia, while Captain Gridley’s post was in the conning tower. With Dewey’s flagship in the lead, the silent fleet steamed steadily forward. Enemy shells kicked up the water around the squadron, but each vessel maneuvered directly behind the Olympia, with absolute precision and in perfect order. As the American flotilla drew closer to Cavite, shells from the Spanish fort and anchored warships churned the bay into a frothy foam. Suddenly two large geysers of water shot into the air as the Spaniards exploded a couple of mines in front of Dewey’s advancing column. But the American ships stayed on course, closing the distance between themselves and the smoking Spanish cannon. When each range was called, the gunners aboard the Olympia, lowered their sight-bars. The flagship continued for another mile, with shots splashing on all sides. The tension among the crew was almost unbearable. As soon as the Olympia, was three miles from Cavite, Dewey ordered the cruiser’s port 5-inch battery turned toward the enemy. Seconds later, a shell burst above the flagship. A boatswain’s mate at one of the aft guns shouted “Remember the Maine!” and every man on deck echoed the cry. “You may fire when ready, Gridley!” Dewey checked with his gunnery officer. The range was perfect. The commodore then glanced at his watch. It was exactly 5:40. He looked up at the conning tower and called out, “You may fire when ready, Gridley!” Dewey had barely finished giving the order when the Olympia, sent a broadside of shells crashing into Fort Cavite. The signal for attack brought every squadron gun into action. A hailstorm of steel from rapid-fire weapons pounded the Spanish fleet, while large-caliber shells concentrated on the fortress. The enemy’s return fire increased. Splashing projectiles hurled a deluge of water across the Olympia,’s deck, thoroughly dowsing the gun crews. Clouds of dense smoke enveloped the Spanish and American vessels. The terrific onslaught by Dewey’s fleet continued as it steamed past the enemy fortifications. When the port batteries of the American ships would no longer bear on the Spaniards, Dewey’s column swung about and cut loose with their starboard guns. One sailor remarked, “It was a tremendous, roaring procession—a scene of awful magnificence!” Two enemy shells ripped the Baltimore. One missile passed clear through the cruiser without exploding. The other tore across the main deck, wrecking a 6-inch gun and wounding eight men. The Boston was also blasted. A projectile struck her port quarter. A fire broke out, but it was quickly extinguished. Time-fuse shells continually exploded above the American fleet, scattering steel fragments in all directions. Joseph Stickney was on the Olympia,’s bridge during the conflict and described the battle: “One projectile headed straight for the forward bridge, but exploded less than a hundred feet away. Shrapnel sliced the rigging over the heads of Commander Lamberton and myself. Another shell, about as large as a flatiron, gouged a hole in the deck a few feet below the Commodore.” Tons of Spanish shells fell about the American squadron, whose salvation was the poor marksmanship of the enemy. Most of their shots were too high and roared into the bay beyond. After passing the enemy’s line for the second time, the Olympia,’s column swung around again on a closer tack, giving the port guns a second chance at the Spaniards. The Cavite shoreline was a veritable inferno of flames and the pandemonium was indescribable. Suddenly the Americans spotted the Reina Cristina steaming out to meet the Olympia,. Dewey ordered his ships to concentrate their fire on the reckless enemy vessel. Rapid-fire shells riddled the side of the Spaniard, and gunfire swept her decks. An 8-inch projectile struck the enemy cruiser in the stern, plowing completely through the ship and blowing up its forward magazine. Dewey’s fleet had just finished its fifth circle of the enemy’s position, when Gridley reported that there were only 15 rounds per gun for the Olympia,’s 5-inch battery. Not wishing to alarm the crew, the commodore ordered his squadron to withdraw for “breakfast.” While the battle-weary fleet steamed north, beyond the range of Spanish guns, clearing smoke near Cavite revealed the wreckage of the fort and fires burning on several enemy vessels. How Morale on the Olympia Plummeted Once safely out in the bay, Dewey summoned his ship captains to the Olympia,. Remaining ammunition was checked and powder and shells redistributed where necessary. During this unorthodox pause in the action, Stickney wrote the following: “We had been fighting a determined and courageous enemy for almost three hours, without noticeably diminishing their volume of fire. So far as we could see, there was no indication that the Spaniards were less able to defend themselves than they had been at the beginning of the engagement. “We knew the Spanish had an ample supply of ammunition, so there was no hope of exhausting their fighting power by a battle lasting twice as long. If we should run short of powder and shell, we might possibly become the hunted instead of the hunter. The gloom on the bridge of the Olympia, was thicker than a London fog in November. We had all been disappointed by results of our gunfire. For some reason, the shells seemed to go too high or too low. The same had been the case with the Spaniards. On our final circle, we were within 2,500 yards of the enemy. At that distance, and in a smooth sea, we should have had a large percentage of hits. However, as near as we could judge, we had not crippled the foe to any great extent.” While his ravenous sailors ate a hearty meal, Commodore Dewey scouted the enemy position with his binoculars. Heavy smoke obscured Cavite, but he still could make out the tall masts and flags of Spanish ships. Occasionally the sound of exploding ammunition could also be heard in the distance. After a three-hour respite, Dewey again formed his battle line for attack. This time the Baltimore was in the lead. As the American fleet approached Cavite, the sound of church bells in downtown Manila floated peacefully across the bay. Curious spectators could be seen crowding the rooftops of the city. They appeared to be preparing to watch a pageant or play. Dewey’s squadron and the big guns of Cavite opened fire at the same time. Only one Spanish vessel slipped her moorings and came out fighting. The captain of the Antonio de Ulloa nailed her flag to the mast and engaged the American cruisers in a one-sided firefight. Within a few minutes, the Spanish vessel went down with all hands. Spotting the White Flag of Surrender Recognizing the futility of continuing the conflict, Admiral Montojo issued his last order to his fleet officers: “Scuttle and abandon your ships!” The admiral then escaped to Manila in a small boat. About 12:30, a white flag of surrender was seen flying over Fort Cavite, and Dewey anchored his squadron near Manila. Three enemy ships had been sunk by Dewey’s squadron. Eight Spanish vessels had been set afire and scuttled by their crews. A total of 381 Spaniards were killed during the fierce battle. While aboard the American fleet, only eight men were wounded. Amazingly, not one member of Dewey’s squadron was killed in action. After the conflict, Commodore Dewey declared: “This battle was won in Hong Kong Harbor. My captains and staff officers working with me, planned out the fight with reference to all contingencies, and we were fully prepared for exactly what happened. Although I recognized the alternatives from reports that reached me—that the Spanish might meet me at Subic Bay, or possibly near Corregidor, I made up my mind that the battle would be fought right here that very morning, at the same hour, and with nearly the same position of opposing ships. That is why and how, at break of day, we formed in perfect line, opened fire, and kept our position without mistake or interruption until the enemy ships were destroyed.” Dewey’s engagement was unsurpassed in the naval history of that time. Never before had an entire fleet been wiped out without the loss of a ship—or a single man—on the part of an attacking force. Commodore Dewey’s victory at Manila Bay is still one of the most romantic and decisive in world history.

Summary and Analysis Book 9: Residence in France Wordsworth likens his own attempt to recapture the formative past to the meandering of a river. When it is threatened with dissolution by absorption into the sea, it tries to work its way back to its origins. He apologizes for his digressions and compares himself to a traveler who has reached a commanding summit and views all before him. He "strives, from that height, with one and yet one more / Last Look" lest he disregard some significant feature. The poet vows once more to forge ahead. In London, he was free as a colt. He went everywhere and sought not the distinguished person but the simpler things in life. After a year, he determined to return to France; he had fond memories of it from his earlier journey. His destination was Orléans, a small, quiet town on the Loire River. His route from the Channel lay through Paris. There he visited some of the sights connected with contemporary history. He mentions the Champ de Mars, the Faubourg St. Antoine, Montmartre, and the Pantheon (in his day the Church of St. Geneviève). He says: "I saw the Revolutionary Power / Toss like a ship at anchor, rocked by storms." He describes the hectic scene around the Palais Royale. He saw in the faces of the crowd both hope and fear. At the site of the Bastille, he picked up a stone as a souvenir "affecting more emotion than I felt." The Magdalene of the painter Le Brun thrilled him more than the places connected with the Revolution. Going on to Orléans, he found himself fascinated with local manners and customs and tended to ignore the revolutionary fervor. He confesses an ignorance of the origins of the Revolution and its aims. He read the pamphlets and attended the meetings of learned societies. But he was brought to identify with the Revolution only after the initial violence had died, and then only through his love for the ordinary people. However, he found himself presently most at home with a certain band of military officers stationed at Orléans. They were all members of the upper classes. In political sympathies, they were Royalists, naturally, and almost to a man they dreamed of turning back the tide of the growing Revolution. At this point, Wordsworth began a friendship with Michel Beaupuy that was to have a profound influence on his intellectual outlook. He says of the officer who befriended him that he was a young man in the prime of life, but that the trials of life and circumstances of the time have aged him prematurely. The poet says it is "an hour of universal ferment"; he thinks the future will judge the present harshly. He says that the group of officers befriended him and tried to win him to their cause because he was an Englishman and a youth. The poet was simply indifferent to the political and social lessons of history; he responded to events only as drama. He always felt dislike for royalty and mere pomp and observed that those who ruled were often the least worthy. In his childhood environment, he had been taught that money and noble blood were worthless if strength of character did not accompany them. He praises the academic institutions in that they strive to create a democratic community and award honors only on the basis of personal merit. In fact, the slow development of Wordsworth's enthusiasm for the liberating effect of the Revolution was because he took it for granted that liberty was an inalienable right and long overdue. All about him the youth of the country were proceeding to the frontier to confront the nations in coalition against France. Some of the scenes of farewell rent the poet's heart. He looked upon them as part of the redeeming price to pay for liberty. His favorite officer (Beaupuy) was a patriot, he says, and was hence rejected by his fellows. Wordsworth calls him meek and benign, and describes him as passing through the revolutionary chaos with perfect faith in man: Man he loved As man; and, to the mean and the obscure, And all the homely in their homely works, Transferred a courtesy which had no air Alone together, the two frequently talked politics. They also discussed humanity's inclinations and noble aims, history and its leaders, the foundling or amalgamation of new nations where none existed before. To natural man they imputed only the loftiest motives: Elate we looked Upon their virtues; saw, in rudest men, Self-sacrifice the firmest; generous love, And continence of mind, and sense of right, Uppermost in the midst of fiercest strife. Wordsworth says it is wonderful on some nameless rill, To ruminate, with interchange of talk, On rational liberty, and hope in man, Justice and peace. He likens Beaupuy to the type of deliverer who arises in time of crisis — the true philosopher who risks his life to try and put his political philosophy into action. The poet recollects Beaupuy's death on the banks of the Loire and is glad the soldier did not live to see the tyranny of Napoleon, who had declared himself emperor in 1804. Wordsworth recalls their walks along the Loire prior to Beaupuy's death. They talked of politics; but the poet's mind kept wandering away from the subject to people and the woods with fanciful characters. The sight of convents closed by the revolutionaries caused the poet remorse. The sight of Chateau de Blois causes them to reflect on the dissoluteness of kings and on their absolutist ways. The sight of a half-starved peasant girl who leads an emaciated cow causes the poet's friend to cry out against the injustice which produces the many poor and the few rich. Both the companions were filled with a faith that the ancient regime and its system of privilege would soon pass. Wordsworth refers to the tale of Vaudracour and Julia, which was told to him by Beaupuy. It was a tale of young love, typical in its frustration which was caused by the overvaluation of status and position in pre-revolutionary France. Vaudracour and Julia had grown up together in a small town in the heart of France. They feel deeply in love, but Vaudracour's father disapproved of any union because a member of the nobility would degrade himself in marrying a maid of no rank. The lovers finally decided to defy the father. Julia had an illegitimate child. The father continued to conspire against the couple. Julia at length entered a convent to escape persecution. Her lover retired with the child to a lodge in the forest. Soon after, the child died, and Vaudracour was left to lose his reason in the lonely solitude. The passage was originally written in 1804 and intended for Book 9. It ran to 380 lines and made Book 9 disproportionately long. However, for some reason Wordsworth excised the section, reduced it to 308 lines, and published it as a separate poem in 1820. It was considered one of his dullest, but critics valued it as an autobiographical account of his affair with Annette Vallon. The passion, frustration, and remorse in the poem are reminiscent of the feelings which actually pervaded the affair of the poet with his French mistress. In the lines that remain in Book 9, Wordsworth alludes to these feelings and remarks ruefully that the leveling of class distinctions by the Revolution came too late to save Vaudracour.

Taking action on climate change is something Kiwis of all ages can do. Schools are an ideal place for tamariki and rangatahi to learn how to have a positive effect on the world around them. The Enviroschools programme empowers young people to design and lead sustainability projects in their schools and communities. Northland schools are encouraging kids to take action in many ways, including: - processing organic waste onsite through worm farms - planting trees and creating kai forests - using carbon footprint calculators - growing and planting in riparian areas - putting solar panels on classrooms - restoring wetlands - fencing, monitoring and restoring waterways. After implementing a system to separate and deal with rubbish, recycling and organic waste, one school was even able to turn its incinerator into a fish smoker. Find out more about helping young people to become kaitiaki, and teachers among their families and peers, through Enviroschools at: www.nrc.govt.nz/enviroschools Oruaiti School, in the Far North, won the education award at NRC’s 2021 Environmental Awards. The school has empowered its students to make inspirational changes to the local environment, which has enriched the community too. Nga Tupuranga o te Taitokerau – youth leaders in sustainability Run for the first time in April 2021, Ngā Tupuranga o Te Taitokerau aims to develop Northland’s future leaders in sustainability. The intensive, week-long programme, which was fully funded by scholarships, was held at Te Tii Marae and involved 14 secondary-school and tertiary students. It’s an annual programme, and a collaboration between Northland Regional Council (NRC), Untouched World Foundation and the Ministry of Youth Development. Watch the 2021 Ngā Tupuranga o Te Taitokerau video

Adaptation to human-induced environmental change has the potential to profoundly influence the genomic architecture of affected species. This is particularly true in agricultural ecosystems, where anthropogenic selection pressure is strong. Heliothis virescens primarily feeds on cotton in its larval stages, and US populations have been declining since the widespread planting of transgenic cotton, which endogenously expresses proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). No physiological adaptation to Bt toxin has been found in the field, so adaptation in this altered environment could involve (i) shifts in host plant selection mechanisms to avoid cotton, (ii) changes in detoxification mechanisms required for cotton-feeding vs. feeding on other hosts or (iii) loss of resistance to previously used management practices including insecticides. Here, we begin to address whether such changes occurred in H. virescens populations between 1997 and 2012, as Bt-cotton cultivation spread through the agricultural landscape. For our study, we produced an H. virescens genome assembly and used this in concert with a ddRAD-seq-enabled genome scan to identify loci with significant allele frequency changes over the 15-year period. Genetic changes at a previously described H. virescens insecticide target of selection were detectable in our genome scan and increased our confidence in this methodology. Additional loci were also detected as being under selection, and we quantified the selection strength required to elicit observed allele frequency changes at each locus. Potential contributions of genes near loci under selection to adaptive phenotypes in the H. virescens cotton system are discussed.© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Journal: Molecular ecology

DIETS THAT INCLUDE FATTY FISH, such as salmon and sardines, are famous for reducing the chance of heart disease, but two nutrients in these fish—omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D—may also help lower cancer risk. Omega-3 fatty acids are unsaturated fats that are abundant in certain fish and help reduce chronic inflammation, according to Amy Bragagnini, a clinical oncology dietitian at Trinity Health Lacks Cancer Center in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Chronic inflammation may lead to cancer cell development. Fatty fish also can be a significant source of vitamin D. While research has been mixed, some observational studies examining the long-term eating habits and serum vitamin D levels of large groups of people found higher vitamin D levels were associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer and, to a lesser extent, bladder cancer. Moreover, lower vitamin D levels have been linked with higher overall cancer mortality among both people with cancer and the general population. Lab studies on animals and human cells suggest vitamin D may strengthen the immune system, prevent the growth of blood vessels that tumors need to grow, and promote the death of unwanted cells, according to Anke Wesselius, a nutrition oncology epidemiologist at Maastricht University in the Netherlands. Try these types of fish for your fill of omega-3 fats and vitamin D. The American Institute for Cancer Research recommends limiting red meat and eating little, if any, processed meat. “Substituting fish can help you move away from meat,” says Amy Bragagnini, a clinical oncology dietitian at Trinity Health Lacks Cancer Center in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She recommends eating a weekly total of 8 ounces of any of these fish rich in omega-3 fats and vitamin D: - Atlantic mackerel - Light tuna - Rainbow trout - Striped bass Wesselius led a study published August 2023 in Clinical Nutrition that examined food intake records from nearly 520,000 individuals to assess vitamin D’s impact on bladder cancer risk. Researchers found eating more vitamin D-rich foods, along with low amounts of calcium and moderate phosphorus, was associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer. Fatty fish was a top source of vitamin D in participants’ diets, along with fortified milk and meats, according to Wesselius. Amy Bragagnini, a clinical oncology dietitian at Trinity Health Lacks Cancer Center in Grand Rapids, Michigan, offers these tips to minimize seafood’s “fishy flavor”: - Rinse fish to remove surface bacteria that contribute to unwanted flavor. - Soak fish in milk for about 30 minutes before cooking. - Add a squeeze of lemon juice before serving. A single nutrient’s ability to be absorbed and activated in the body often depends on other nutrients, according to Wesselius. “In the case of vitamin D, it is strongly linked to calcium and phosphorus, so it’s important to consider the effects of vitamin D in context [of the whole diet],” she says. Healthy fats and vitamin D from fish or other foods should be part of a balanced diet, along with nutrients from a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains, Bragagnini notes. “Following a healthy diet pattern is the best way to support your immune system and help lower the risk of cancer,” she says. Cancer Today magazine is free to cancer patients, survivors and caregivers who live in the U.S. Subscribe here to receive four issues per year.

Do you have a four or a five-year-old kiddo at home? Our Elementary Heads of School, Kyle Quadros, Sara Tucker, and Josh Falk, recently teamed up to share some great tips designed to help your preschooler grow and excel. We’ve compiled all five tips below, so when it comes time to enroll your child in kindergarten, you can be confident he or she has the building blocks needed to succeed. Tip #1: Fine tune those motor skills! Cutting, tracing, gluing and lacing shoes are all great activities that will develop fine motor skills, helping your scholar to hold a pencil when he or she gets to kindergarten. Bonus points if they come to kindergarten knowing how to tie their shoes! Tip #2: Establish a bedtime routine that includes reading and counting. There are few things more important than reading and counting when preparing for child for kindergarten. Read 1-3 books 20 minutes before bed every night. Let your scholar pick the book and track as you read out loud, showing him or her that you read from left to right, top to bottom. Count the number of pages and/or words in the book. Count the number of books in your library. Count the number of boy characters, girl characters, and animal characters. The more reading and counting you can do, the better! Tip #3: Practice social skills! Expose your child to as many playdates and playground trips as possible. Show your child how to peacefully mediate any conflicts that may arise during his or her social interactions. This will help your child develop problem solving skills. Practice collaborating with others, sharing toys and materials, working in groups, and understanding others’ feelings. Tip #4: Develop their understanding of 1:1 relationships. Your preschooler should be able to touch an object and understand that it represents “one.” For example, three toy cars equals three objects. Those three objects can be used to represent the number three. Tip #5: Practice repetition of letter name and sound. It may sound obvious, but one of the most important things you can do is familiarize your child with the alphabet and its sounds. For example, practice saying “P is for pencil.” There’s no limit to the amount of times this can be done in a day!

A tribute to Sir Edmund Hillary (July 20th 1919 – January 11 2008), written shortly after his death. Hillary cuts an iconic figure in mountaineering history. Hillary is a man known for many things – his philanthropy, his charisma, an illustrious career in adventure – but nothing more so than being the first man to summit Everest. About Sir Edmund Hillary Hillary’s climbing career began in his native New Zealand long before. His Everest attempts began with a British reconnaissance expedition to Everest in 1951 led by Eric Shipton before joining the successful British attempt of 1953. In 1952 Hillary and George Lowe were part of the British team led by Eric Shipton that attempted Cho Oyu. After that attempt failed due to the lack of route from the Nepal side, Hillary and Lowe crossed the Lho-La into Tibet and reached the old Camp II, on the northern side, where all the pre-war expeditions camped. 1953 Everest Expedition The Hunt expedition totalled over 400 people, including 362 porters, twenty Sherpa guides and 10,000 lbs of baggage and like many such expeditions, was a team effort. Hillary forged a route through the treacherous Khumbu Icefall. The expedition set up base camp in March 1953, working slowly it set up its final camp at the South Col at 7,900 metres (25,900 ft). On 26 May Bourdillon and Evans attempted the climb but turned back when Evans’ oxygen system failed. The pair had reached the South Summit, coming within 300 vertical feet (91 m) of the summit. Hunt then directed Hillary and Tenzing to go for the summit. Snow and wind held Hillary and Tenzing up at the South Col for two days, they set out on 28 May with a support trio of Lowe, Alfred Gregory and Ang Nyima. The two pitched their tent at 8,500 metres (27,900 ft) on 28 May while their support group returned down the mountain. On the following morning Hillary discovered that his boots had frozen solid outside the tent. He spent two hours warming them before he and Tenzing attempted the final ascent wearing 30-pound (14 kg) packs. The crucial move of the last part of the ascent was the 40-foot (12 m) rock face later named the “Hillary Step”. From there, the following effort was relatively simple. They reached Everest’s 29,028 ft (8,848 m) summit, the highest point on earth, at 11:30 am. As Hillary put it, “A few more whacks of the ice axe in the firm snow, and we stood on top.” They spent only about 15 minutes at the summit. They unsuccessfully looked for evidence of the earlier Mallory expedition. Hillary took Tenzing’s photo, Tenzing left chocolates in the snow as an offering, and Hillary left a cross that he had been given. Sadly because Tenzing did not know how to use a camera, there are no pictures of Hillary there. The two had to take care on the descent after discovering that drifting snow had covered their tracks to complicate the task. The first person they met was Lowe, who had climbed up to greet them from their monumental achievement with hot soup.

Meaning of the Halm family crest symbols The torse was originally used to mask the join between helmet and crest but also holds a secondary meaning as a momento given to a crusader by his lady-love, given to him when he left for battle. Meaning of the Halm coat of arms colors The silver or white color on the coat of arms, (known as 'Argent'), signifies sincerity and peacefulness. It is one of the oldest colors known in ancient heraldry. Halm name meaning and origin The early history of the family name Halm is a fascinating tale that spans several centuries and is deeply rooted in European history. While the exact origins of the name remain uncertain, it is believed to have originated in Germany, specifically in the region of Bavaria. The earliest records of the Halm surname date back to the medieval period, during the time when surnames were first being adopted. In those days, surnames were often derived from a person's occupation, location, or a descriptive characteristic. It is likely that the name Halm was derived from the German word "Halm," which means "stalk" or "stem." This suggests that the original bearers of the name may have been farmers or individuals associated with agriculture. During the Middle Ages, Germany was a fragmented land, consisting of numerous small states and territories. The Halm family, like many others, would have lived in a feudal society, where they owed allegiance to a local lord or noble. They would have worked the land, cultivating crops and tending to livestock, as was common during that time. As the centuries passed, the Halm family likely experienced both prosperity and hardship, depending on the prevailing political and economic conditions. They would have witnessed significant events such as the Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War, and the rise and fall of various German kingdoms and empires. The Halm name would have been passed down from generation to generation, with each family member contributing to the family's legacy. They would have lived in small villages or towns, forming close-knit communities and relying on each other for support. Over time, some members of the Halm family may have migrated to other parts of Europe, seeking new opportunities or escaping political or religious persecution. This could have led to the spread of the surname to other countries, although the focus of this discussion is on the early history of the name. It is important to note that the Halm surname is not unique to Germany. Similar variations of the name can be found in other European countries, such as Austria and Switzerland. This suggests that the name may have spread beyond its original place of origin, possibly due to migration or intermarriage. In conclusion, the early history of the Halm family name is deeply intertwined with the agricultural traditions of medieval Germany. While the exact origins of the name remain uncertain, it is likely that the original bearers of the name were involved in farming or agriculture. Over the centuries, the Halm family would Halm name origin in the United States The Halm family name has a rich history in America, with its roots tracing back to the early settlers who arrived on American soil. While not the first, they were among the first families to establish themselves in the New World. The Halm family's journey to America began during a time of great exploration and colonization. Seeking new opportunities and a fresh start, these early settlers embarked on perilous voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. They faced numerous challenges, including treacherous sea conditions, disease, and limited resources. However, their determination and resilience allowed them to overcome these obstacles and forge a new life in America. Upon their arrival, the Halm family, like many other settlers, sought to establish themselves in various regions across the country. They played a vital role in the development of communities, contributing to the growth of agriculture, trade, and other industries. Over time, the Halm family became an integral part of the fabric of American society, passing down their values, traditions, and work ethic to future generations. As the years went by, the Halm family spread across the United States, adapting to the changing times and embracing new opportunities. They weathered the challenges of wars, economic downturns, and societal changes, always striving to provide a better future for their descendants. Today, the Halm family name continues to thrive in America, with its members contributing to various fields and industries. Their early history in America serves as a testament to the spirit of exploration, resilience, and determination that has shaped the nation. History of family crests like the Halm coat of arms Family crests and coats of arms emerged during the Middle Ages, mostly in wider Europe. They were used as a way to identify knights and nobles on the battlefield and in tournaments. The designs were unique to each family and were passed down from generation to generation. The earliest crests were simple designs, such as a single animal or symbol, but they became more elaborate over time. Coats of arms were also developed, which included a shield with the family crest, as well as other symbols and colors that represented the family's history and achievements. The use of family crests and coats of arms spread throughout Europe and became a symbol of social status and identity. They were often displayed on clothing, armor, and flags, and were used to mark the family's property and possessions. Today, family crests and coats of arms are still used as a way to honor and celebrate family heritage. Halm name variations and their meaning The family name Halm has various variations across different regions and cultures. In Germany, it is commonly spelled as Halme or Halmer. In France, it is often written as Halme or Halmer, while in Sweden, it can be seen as Halme or Halmer as well. These variations may be due to different phonetic pronunciations or regional influences. Additionally, there might be alternative spellings that have emerged over time or through migration to different countries. It is interesting to note how the name has evolved and adapted in different parts of the world, reflecting the diverse cultural backgrounds of individuals bearing this surname. Despite the variations, the name Halm remains a recognizable and significant part of many families' histories.

You probably heard about ChatGPT, right? But what does this mean for geologists? 🤔 In case you missed it, ChatGPT is an incredible language model developed by OpenAI, designed to be able to participate in natural language conversations. Our field is likely to be heavily influenced by technology and artificial intelligence. New tools will make it easier for us to analyze large amounts of data and make more accurate predictions about the behavior and composition of geological systems. 🚁 In addition, the use of drones and other technologies will enable us to easily collect data from remote locations, allowing us to study geological phenomena in greater detail than ever before. Overall, the future of geology is looking bright. 🌟 We are on the brink of a new era of understanding for this fascinating field, and the possibilities are endless. Get ready for an exciting ride, it’s coming! Plot twist: this post was mainly written with ChatGPT 🤯

How to Plant, Grow, and Care for Iris Flowers German (bearded) irises (Iris x germanica, USDA zones 3-10) are hardy, prolific perennials that don’t require much care and maintenance. Once they’re planted in a sunny, well-drained spot, leave them alone and let them work their magic. Removing blooms in late spring and tending to the foliage at the end of the growing season will ensure that irises will happily present you with colorful blooms for many more years. The best thing about planting irises is that only a few rhizomes can spawn many offspring to beautify your property well into the future. Unfortunately, the iris’ striking blooms only last a couple of weeks before they start to fade and dry out. Deadheading or removing the blooms from the irises will prevent the iris from going to seed. Cut off the iris blooms with clean scissors when they fade. Cut the bloom and the stem clear to the ground, but don’t remove any of the foliage while it’s still green. The iris rhizomes need the energy from the foliage to grow throughout the winter and bloom the following spring. Avoid fertilizing irises as it’s not required for their growth and can promote root rot. Cutting Back Iris Leaves Remove the foliage when it dies down and turns yellow. Keep the planting area tidy, and remove any weeds and debris. Iris prefers dry conditions, so remember to water only during very hot, dry periods. Don’t add mulch to the iris bed as that will keep moisture at the roots and cause rot. Avoid putting iris clippings in the composter as they can promote infection. Dig the entire iris clump out of the ground. As the iris rhizomes like to see sunlight, they should be just below the surface. It should be easy to gently pull apart rhizomes by hand. If they’re stubborn, use a clean, dull knife to separate the plants. Cut off brown spots, and dispose of the old, dead sections in the middle of the clumps. Clip the foliage to about six inches. Transplant irises in late spring to early fall when the soil is still warm and there’s no danger of frost. Don’t bury the rhizome, but gently push it into the dirt so it still sees some sunlight. The top of the rhizome should be just above the soil. To avoid overcrowding, plant rhizomes about 12 inches apart. Removing the spent flowers from iris stems encourages new flowers to form and keeps the plant from going to seed. Remove yellowed or browned leaves during the season and cut off the flower stems to the ground after flowers fade. Final Seasonal Cleanup After the first hard frost, clean up the entire iris plant. Pull or cut off all the leaves and make sure to clean up any debris from around the plant to minimize the chance that any bugs or diseases are in the leaves. Mulch the plants with a thick layer of organic compost, straw, or bark to protect them from the cold and prevent the clumps from heaving out of the ground if you live where the ground regularly freezes and thaws. Fertilizer for All Iris All types of iris benefit from fertilizing both in early spring before they bloom and once again after they finish blooming. Fertilizing is most important for reblooming iris varieties that have a second bloom later in the season after the first spring bloom. Use a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer and apply it according to the directions on the package. If you choose a granular or powder type, be sure to water the soil well after applying the fertilizer. Avoid letting fertilizer touch the rhizome of an iris because it’s possible for the rhizomes to be burned by the chemicals in the fertilizer. Divide the Plants To remain vigorous and healthy, iris growing from rhizomes need to be divided every three to five years. Do this in the late summer or early fall before any heavy frost is predicted. Follow these guidelines for making divisions: Cut back the leaves by one-third. Dig up the entire iris clump, being careful not to damage rhizomes. Place your spade of shovel outside the circumference of the clump and gently pry up the entire rootball. Wash off the roots with a strong spray from a hose. Examine rhizomes for rot, which you’ll see as soft, browned areas, and for damage from insects such as holes. Cut off any damaged areas of the rhizomes using a sharp knife or pruners. Cut segments of rhizomes to plant, leaving roots attached to each segment. Sterilize your knife and pruners with rubbing alcohol or by dipping them into a solution of 1 part bleach between each cut if you suspect disease or insects are present. And always sterilize the pruners after each use. Bacterial soft rot is the most serious iris disease, causing the rhizomes to become mushy and have a disagreeable odor. Remove any yellowing leaves promptly to help prevent the spread of the disease. Iris leaf spot, caused by a fungus, is the most common disease. Remove all leaves and other debris in the fall because diseases and insects often overwinter on old foliage. How To Care for Irises After They Bloom? Irises are the Jewels of a Spring Garden Available in shades of deep blue, white, yellow, bronze, and red, the delicate, orchid-like blooms of Dutch irises are a favorite with flower arrangers. Dwarf irises are perfect for brightening rockeries and pots early in the season. Irises are fairly low-maintenance plants; if you follow our advice for proper iris care, they will bloom beautifully, spring after spring. Iris Care: Planting Plant the small, teardrop-shaped bulbs of Dutch irises early in the fall. They should be planted in groups about 4″ deep with the pointed end of the bulb facing upwards. Iris bulbs need a well-drained spot in full sun or partial shade; avoid planting them where the ground gets waterlogged as they may rot. Plant them about 3″ apart to ensure the best blooms. Dwarf irises should be planted 2″ deep and 3″ apart. How To Care for Irises After They Bloom? In ideal conditions, irises will perennialize, blooming season after season. However, many gardeners treat them as annuals, planting fresh bulbs each fall. Irises bloom in mid to late spring and the stem and leaves will remain throughout the summer. They will die back in the fall, returning the nutrients they contain to the bulb where next year’s bloom is already forming. When they have shriveled up, you can just pull the stem away from the iris bulb. Iris Care: Deadheading After your irises have bloomed, remove the dead blossoms. This prevents the plants from using up their energy in ripening the seed heads. If your irises stop producing blooms, they may have become overcrowded. Dig up the bulbs in early fall and separate them before replanting. All irises appreciate an occasional feed with a high potash fertilizer. Now all you have to do is to decide which varieties to plant. Would you prefer an elegant group in a single color or a mix of shimmering shades? For more inspiration, have a look at our iris collection to find the tried and tested favorites, plus some gorgeous new introductions.

Learn C programming Online: Enroll for a Free Live Session Do you wish to advance programming courses FASTER? OR Do you Understand the operating system well? Then C programming language can be your ultimate halt! C programming language: What is C programming and Why Learn it? The C Programming Language, the first Computer Language, is a highly efficient language designed only for developing operating systems. The source code written using the C programming language can work seamlessly on another operating system experiencing no changes. C Language was initially developed as a programming language for UNIX operating system; Turbo C. Scholar Study Solution helps students gain a firm understanding of C Language basics. It is the basis that forms the foundation of a glorious future in the C Programming Language. Eligibility for Learning C programming Language: Basic C Programs There are no specific eligibility criteria for enrolling for C Programming Language Course in Kashipur. Any High School student or PG graduate can get a certification in C Language. The only thing they need is an interest in coding and logical thinking; C Programming for Beginners. C Programming Careers and Uses: C Programming Language Course in Kashipur C Programming Language is used in multiple domains and ways like: - For the development of systems - Development of Adobe Applications - Development of databases like MySQL - In IoT-related platforms - Development of browsers To brief, C Language Basics; C language helps in data types and operators provided by C Programming Language itself. Almost every organization associated with programming needs a C programming expert. After completing the C programming Language; Sample C Program you can adopt any of the following careers: - Senior Programmer - Junior Programmer - Quality Analyst Game Programmer - Technical architect Programmers usually learn by practicing and taking freelance C Programming projects and taking coding challenges online. Scholar Study Solution Help the students with understanding the C Language and ensure to clear every doubt with 1:1 doubt clearing sessions. Since mastering C language codes requires practice, we conduct regular assessments to track the progress. Course Structure of C Programming Language: C Syllabus We have designed C Programming Course Structure as per the latest demands of the industry. Have a quick glance: - Overview of C Language - Introduction to Computer programming - Input/Output Ops - Arrays: Searching and Sorting - Structure and Pointers - Basic Algorithms - Practical Programs - Conditional Branching and Loops - Control Statements and decision making - Operators and Expressions - Reading/ Writing Characters - Searching and Sorting - String Handling - File Handling Course Duration : 3 Months Benefits of C Programming: Learn C Programming - C programming is recognized worldwide and used in a multitude of applications - The programs created in C programming are easy to execute - If you want to code a fast game, then C language is for you Why Scholar Study Solution? - Course divided into easy-to-follow concepts - Online and offline classes - Lifetime consultancy membership - Good years of expertise in the industry - 1:1 attention Scholar Study Solution provides C programming training in Kashipur. If you wish to excel at basics C Programs or Hello World Program in C, then wait no more!

With a telescope you can see planets, stars, galaxies, constellations, meteors and much more. This article is a guide for astronomers and astrophotographers who are enthralled by the limitless space filled with countless stars. It doesn’t require specialized training or extensive sessions. Simply get a telescope with a suitable lens, or a camera, wait until it is dark, and you are ready to take in the sights of the deep sky objects. Here is a list of 33 things that you can see with a telescope: 1. The Moon You can observe the moon just using a small telescope. An 8-10 inch telescope will allow you to distinguish the mountains and craters clearly. A telescope gives it a three-dimensional appearance that you don’t get from simply looking up. You also can inspect the Lunar eclipse through your telescope. Instructions to see the Moon: As you point the scope in its general direction, center the moon in the finder. Select the eyepiece with the lowest power and the most extended focal length for a closer view. A 20 mm eyepiece or Barlow lens will work better in this situation. If you are having trouble finding the moon, check the alignment of the finder scope. Once you’ve spotted the moon, check your focus. It is possible to examine mountains, craters, oceans, and Lunar maria. A 70mm telescope provides excellent views of the moon. With a 50x magnification, you can view the entire moon. Check out the detailed guide for how to see the Moon with a telescope provides a detailed guideline to observe this mesmerizing sky object. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. You can see Mercury only on a full moon night. Most of the time, it is too close to the Sun to observe. Mercury is generally white, but its proximity to the horizon gives it a pinkish hue through a telescope. You also can enjoy the phases of Mercury and some features like different mountains on it with 8-10 inch telescopes. Instructions to see Mercury: Examine Mercury’s position in the night sky before beginning your observation session with the Mercury Calendar or any other star app. If you look toward the eastern horizon in the morning, you can identify it. In order to inspect the brilliant planet before it is entirely covered by sunlight, try to locate it one hour before sunrise. In the evening, you can distinguish Mercury if you look toward the western horizon. A 50x telescope with a focal length between 50 and 70mm will allow you to enjoy Mercury fairly clearly. A guide how to see Mercury with a telescope will help you inspect this planet in the best ways. At nightfall, Venus is quite apparent. You must search for Venus at the beginning or finish of the night because it passes in front of the Sun. The brightest celestial object is Venus. Through a telescope, Venus appears to the observer as a brilliant yellow-white planet. Instructions to see Venus: Employ a low- to the medium-magnification eyepiece, and make sure your telescope is aligned. Focus the telescope on Venus. You can see the planet Venus with any telescope or pair of binoculars. Use a 25% moon filter to gain a clear view of Venus. The guide how to see Venus with a telescope describes the finest approaches to watching the planet Venus. Most other planets are either cloud-covered or too small and fuzzy to see much. Mars is the only planet you can inspect with the surface details. You will see the amazing red-orange color more clearly through a telescope. Polar Ice Caps, Valles Marineris, Olympus Mons, the satellites (moons) of Mars, are some features you can enjoy with your telescope. Instructions to see Mars: Use the Astronomy app to check that Mars is visible in the sky and to discover more about its position and time. When you are aware of the best locations and times to observe Mars, start by trying to find it with your unaided eyes. Mars is extremely apparent due to its red color. Once it is aligned and ready, you can use an automatic finder or direct your telescope toward Mars. The planet Mars will appear as a recognizable bright red disc. A beginner’s telescope is sufficient to find Mars, observe its form, and determine its color, but little else. But telescopes with 12 inches or more aperture can view all the characteristics and the moons. Guide how to see Mars with a telescope provides a more detailed guidance. The development of storms, variations in the color of the cloud belts, and other factors cause Jupiter’s appearance to change over time. It appears pale yellow from Earth. It’s off white with reddish-brown stripes when viewed through a telescope. The Great Red Spot, Jupiter’s moons, eclipse, and occultations are some amazing features you can enjoy on your observation. Instructions to see Jupiter: When Jupiter is high in the sky, at least 30 degrees above the horizon, it is easiest to view using a telescope. Jupiter is visible to the unaided eye from Earth as a dazzling yellow-white star. But it doesn’t sparkle. First, use your unaided eyes to search for it in the sky. Jupiter is particularly apparent due to its red color. You can use an eyepiece with a low magnification and a long focal length to center Jupiter in your telescope. Even with a powerful eyepiece, it will seem rather little. The moons of Jupiter, Europa, Io, Callisto, and Ganymede, as well as eclipses (when one of its moons passes through its shadow) and occultations (when one of its moons vanishes behind it), will all be visible to you. You may get instructions on how to observe this planet and its various aspects from the article how to see Jupiter with a telescope . Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun, is distinguished by its rings. There are 80 moons in orbit around this gas giant. Saturn appears to be a beautiful pale yellow with hints of orange even through a small telescope. The rings of Saturn, most of Saturn’s moons, the dark belts and bright zones are the details the astronomers intend to examine. Instructions to see Saturn: Due to its varying sky position throughout time, Saturn is not constantly visible. Also, your position affects where Saturn is. From an Earth-based observer’s perspective, it can occasionally appear excessively near the Sun. To determine where Saturn is right now, you can use any astronomy program or star charts, such as Stellarium or Planetarium. Even the smallest telescope at a 25x magnification can make out the rings and Titan, the moon with the largest moon. You can also use red, green, and yellow filters for sharp views. For further information about watching Saturn, keep an eye on the article how to see Saturn with a telescope. Only Uranus revolves around the Sun in an eccentric orbit. Furthermore, it contains 27 moons and rings akin to Saturn. Uranus appears as a lighter shade of blue disk. You can view some of its moons through a medium to large telescope. Instructions to see Uranus: First, make an effort to see it in the sky without any assistance. You can find the four stars in Pegasus Square. The two stars form a south-facing equilateral triangle at the bottom of the image. At the southernmost point of the triangle, locate Circlet. Try to notice a small portion of the starry chain connecting the two fish of Pisces on the circle’s left side. Uranus is located between those two stars. It spent the entire year of 2022 in the constellation of Aries. To see Uranus, use the Yellow-Green (Wratten #11) filter. Article how to see Uranus with a telescope thoroughly describes how to examine this planet and it’s detail. The last recognized planet from the Sun is Neptune. It contains fourteen moons and five rings. Moreover, it has a methane-rich atmosphere that gives the planet a bluish hue when viewed from Earth. It is, however, never visible to the naked eye. Neptune can only be detected through a telescope. Instructions to see Neptune: You can find the Great Pegasus Square. Locate Phi Aquarii (+4.2), a brilliant star. Then you search for the two stars at the corners, Sheat and Markab. Neptune will be situated in Sheat, next to Markab. Use planetary filters in bright colors to enhance your vision. To learn more about how to watch the planet with a telescope, read the article how to see Neptune with a telescope. 9. Meteor Showers Dust and pebbles from comets and asteroids, which travel thousands of miles through our Solar system, are the main components of meteors. They burn, transform into fireballs, and leave a long streak in the sky if they come into contact with our atmosphere. The term “meteor shower” refers to these streaks. Smoky trail behind colorful shooting stars is the most amazing thing you can identify in the sky. Instructions to see Meteor Showers: Determine the constellation’s connection to the alleged meteor shower by examining its position in the sky. The brightest celestial object you find is the meteor shower. You will be able to see it well from a distance with your unaided eye. Make sure your telescope is aligned properly and use a modest magnification eyepiece. Make use of the telescope to watch the meteor shower. Learn what phase of the moon it will be on that particular night. It may be challenging to see a meteor shower due to the moon’s brightness. The ideal time to see the shower is on a moonless night. Bright meteors typically start to appear after midnight. You can see several significant meteor showers, including the Quadrantids, Lyrids, Eta Aquarids, and Southern Delta Aquarids. You may get advice on how to see meteor showers in the best ways from how to see Meteor Showers with a telescope. Pluto is known as a dwarf planet. A small or weakly powered telescope cannot identify Pluto. Only a huge aperture telescope with strong magnifications can reveal its light-blue appearance. You can distinguish its only moon Charon with a 10-inch telescope. Instructions to see Pluto: When your telescope is ready to use and adjusted, point it toward Pluto with your eyepiece or an automatic finder. Pluto will appear in the sky as an easily identifiable bright red disc. Once you’ve located the Teaspoon, focus on Pi () Sagittarii (magnitude +2.8), which is situated straight east and above the spoon’s base. Place HD 179201, a star with a magnitude of +6.4, in the center of your finderscope and tilt it slightly to the southeast. Pluto’s position right now is 1° east and a little north of the star. Your telescope should have a minimum 8-inch aperture and a 200x magnification. Article how to see Pluto with a telescope offers tips on how to view meteor showers in the best possible ways. Rocks that are floating in space and shine brilliantly are called asteroids. Particularly the major asteroid belt’s asteroids orbit the Sun and are more visible than other neighboring asteroids. They move so quickly that you can tell them apart from the stars. A tiny telescope makes asteroids like 4 VESTA, 1 CERE, 3 Juno, 15 Eunomia, and many more visible. Instructions to see Asteroids: You can obtain resources to help you find asteroids on the IAU Minor Planet Center website. Look for an object with a magnitude of 10 if the asteroid is brighter that night. You must remember that because asteroids travel so quickly, you must simultaneously search for them at two distinct locations. You will notice the best observation opportunities during asteroid encounters. It will be challenging to locate asteroids on the first night if you use a 6-inch or smaller telescope. Recognizing an asteroid will take two hours, even with an 8-inch telescope. Amateur telescopes can find asteroids at magnifications between 150 and 200. Article how to see Asteroids with a telescope can be your comprehensive guide to observing different asteroids. The largest of Saturn’s 83 moons, Titan is the second-largest moon in the Solar system. In addition, it is the only Solar system object with liquid on its surface. Another intriguing fact is that Titan is the only moon with an atmosphere. Instructions to see Titan: Once your telescope is aligned and ready to use, direct it toward Titan using an automatic finder or your telescope. Titan will be seen as a dazzling red disc in the distance. You can distinguish Titan and the other moons of Saturn in the best ways when Saturn is in opposition. You need a 6-inch telescope to see Titan. You can observe Titan with magnifications ranging from 150 to 250 times if the sky is dark and clear. Go through the article how to see Titan with a telescope to learn how to observe it in the best ways possible. The Sun is the nearest star to the earth and also the only night sky object that can harm your eyes. The optimum times of day to watch the Sun are early in the morning or late in the afternoon when it is colder outside and there is less danger that its brightness would harm your eyes. Instructions to see the Sun: Use a telescope that has an aperture of 2-4 inches. When observing the Sun, make sure the filter is firmly fixed in front of the telescope to prevent movement due to wind or jolts. Two secure methods of observing the Sun include direct viewing through a telescope while donning an appropriate filter and projecting the image of the Sun onto paper. Article how to see the Sun with a telescope is a detailed guide to surveying the Sun with your telescope. Sirius, the brightest star in the sky, is also referred to as the Dog star. With its little companion Sirius B or the Pup, it is visible throughout the late winter and early spring. The size of the Pup is half that of Sirius, the primary star. Instructions to see Sirius: Choose a star chart before you begin; it will aid in your ability to see Sirius. January and February are typically the finest times to observe Sirius B in the Northern Hemisphere. Even a 4-inch telescope will be able to see Sirius B by the 2030s. With a 6-inch telescope, use a 400x magnification, and for an 8-inch scope, a 300x magnification. If you can, try to find Orion first. On top is Betelgeuse, a brilliant red star. Its renowned belt, which is made up of three brilliant stars, is located in the center. Just above the belt is Sirius. Follow the stars down and to the left. You can learn how to arrange a session to see Sirius and its Pup in the best manner by reading how to see Sirius with a telescope. Helium, hydrogen, and other ionized gasses are the main components of nebulae. Astronomers are greatly awed by the colorful appearance of Nebula. The richness of colors makes Nebula very memorable, you can not compare it to anything else. When there is no light pollution and the sky is absolutely dark, this is the greatest time to view Nebulae. Instructions to see Nebula: The nebula you wish to observe ought to be in the center of the finder as you point your telescope in its approximate direction. If you want to see more clearly, use an eyepiece with the longest focal length and lowest magnification. A Barlow lens or a 20 mm eyepiece is perfect for that. Check the finder scope alignment to verify whether it is still accurate if you are having trouble viewing the nebula. Check it out and change your focus if the nebula is visible. For improved contrast, use filters. You may see the nebulae’s hues with a 10–14 inch aperture and a 100x–400x magnification. To find out more about the observable nebulae, read how to see Nebula with a telescope. A galaxy comprises billions of stars, their planets, dust, and gas that are bonded together by gravity. You can examine them through telescopes in a variety of forms, hues, and perspectives. With a telescope, you can view thousands of galaxies, though. Less difficult to locate than the other galaxies include the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy, Virgo A (M87), Bode’s Galaxy (M81) & Cigar (M82), Sombrero Galaxy (M104), and the Whale Galaxy (NGC 4631). Instructions to see Galaxies: Put your telescope in the finder’s center and point it at the Galaxy. It is best to select a medium-range eyepiece with the lowest available magnification. A Barlow lens or 10–20 mm eyepiece is the best tool for this. Yet, article how to see Galaxies with a telescope offers the knowledge required for viewing various galaxies. 17. The Milky Way Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is one of the most common spiral galaxies in the cosmos. We live on Orion’s arm and can see the other side of the Milky Way from the planet. You may see it clearly from about June to September, this is the perfect time to take pictures of Milky Way. Instructions to see The Milky way: Sagittarius and Scorpio are two prominent constellations located close to the Milky Way. If you spot Scorpius, look to the left of it to see the Milky Way’s nucleus. If you can see it, Sagittarius is pouring tea in the direction of the Milky Way’s center. Concentrate on the finder and shoot towards the Milky Way. But, telescopes with apertures bigger than 100 mm may capture stunning, high-contrast images of our galaxy. Use 50X magnification to distinguish the objects insides with substantially more clarity and detail. To organize a successful observation session, you can find thorough instructions in the article how to see the Milky Way with a telescope. 18. Andromeda galaxy The Milky Way’s nearest neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy, is situated 7.7° northwest of Mirach. This one is the only galaxy that you can identify without any optical equipment. Because of pockets of hot young stars blazing bright blue, the Andromeda Galaxy is distinguished by its dazzling blue hue. In the northern hemisphere, it is visible in the night sky for much of the year, but fall is the greatest time to see it. Instructions to see Andromeda galaxy: Before you begin choose a star chart. Star-hopping from Cassiopeia and the Great Square are effective strategies for locating the Andromeda galaxy. Mid-northern latitudes get almost constant visibility of Andromeda. The entire Andromeda galaxy may be seen with a 4-inch telescope at 50x magnification. Locate the Andromeda galaxy by moving between stars in Cassiopeia or the Great Square. Imagine tracing a diagonal to the magnitude +2.1 star Mirach from the southeast to the northeast. Go a little northwest after making a 90-degree turn. You’ll find Andromeda there for sure. For further details, go through the article how to see Andromeda galaxy with a telescope. 19. Orion Nebula One of the brightest nebulae in the sky, M 42, or the Orion Nebula, is situated in the constellation of Orion. It is relatively simple to discover, and telescopes may capture beautiful photographs of it. The reddish color is caused by the radiation of young stars. Hot, blue-white O-type stars are the source of the blue-violet zones of the nebula. The best time to view M 42 is any night between November and February. Instructions to see Orion Nebula: You can find Several more night sky objects including the Running Man Nebula (NGC 1977), three stars south of Orion’s belt, M 43, Lota, the brightest star in the Sword, and the star cluster NGC 1981. Use a star chart to start things off. Among all the constellations in the night sky, Orion is one of the easiest to locate. Even from a metropolis, one can quickly identify the Hunter star pattern. Three brilliant stars twist the belt of Orion. You may use guide how to see Orion Nebula with a telescope to choose the optimal time and location to see Orion. 20. Binary Stars Using telescopes, we came to know there exist binary and multiple-star systems. The majority of Milky Way stars are found in binary pairs. When seen together through a telescope, Lyra, Eta Cassiopeiae ALMACH or Gamma 1 Andromedae, h 3945, Iota Cancri, 24 Comae Berenices, Antares (Alpha Sco), and Ras Algethi (Alpha Her) appear stunning. Instructions to see Binary Stars: Make sure you have a star map before you start. Focus on the finder and shoot for binary stars. Choose an eyepiece with a high focal length and low power to get a closer look. For instance, a 20 mm eyepiece or Barlow lens will perform better in this situation. Check the finder scope’s alignment if you are having trouble finding Binary Stars. Examine your attention after you’ve located Binary Stars. A 4-inch telescope that can separate stars up to 1.15 arcseconds apart can detect binary stars. Start by using a 50x magnification. Article how to see Binary Stars with a telescope might help you to enjoy an excellent observation session of Venus. Everyone is aware of Halley’s Comet, which visits the planet every 72 years. But by using your telescope, you can view countless other comets. Ice, rock, and frozen gasses make up the majority of a comet’s composition. The comet glows green in the visible light spectrum when the sun shines upon it. But you need a telescope to see this amazing view. Instructions to see Comets: Find the position and time of a comet’s appearance using a star chart. Point the scope in the general direction of a luminous, hazy, spherical object. The comet does occasionally appear at them, thus higher magnifications can be employed. Choose an area away from light pollution. Start with an eyepiece with a 50x magnification. The traditional wide-bandwidth deep-space filter (Baader UHC-S) method is still effective when there is a lot of light pollution that makes it difficult to see the comets. However, you may organize a fantastic comet observing session with the aid of how to see Comets with a tlescope. 22. The ISS The International Space Station (ISS) is the spacecraft where astronauts remain to conduct various experiments. It is made up of various components, including the solar array wings that serve as power plants, the astronauts’ living quarters and workspaces, and all other essential items. You can see the ISS is visible to the naked eye. The position and ideal times to view the ISS are listed on the “NASA Spot The Station” website. Instructions to see the ISS: Look up the time on the websites to learn exactly when the ISS will be visible above your local horizon. It would be best if you came there at least 5 to 10 minutes early to allow your eyes to adjust to the darkness. Look westward and stare at the star rising above the western horizon. This star is the only sign of the ISS. Watch it via your telescope. The ISS is brighter than the Sun when viewed through a 4-6 inch telescope. For more information, read how to see the ISS with a telescope. 23. The Ring Nebula You can locate M 57 in the Lyra constellation. It appears like a smokey ring in a tiny telescope. Instructions to see the Ring Nebula: Find the brightest of the trio, Vega, and the Summer Triangle asterism. A star in the constellation of Lyra is called Vega. To locate the Ring, use your finderscope or the Red-dot finder. Gamma and Beta Lyrae should align in a straight line. The line’s intersection point is the Ring Nebula. The Ring Nebula appears like a smokey ring when observed through a 4-inch telescope at 111x magnification. The Celestron Starsense Explorer 10″ Dobsonian and Sky-Watcher 12″ f/3.93 are excellent telescopes for viewing the Ring Nebula. Get comprehensive instructions on how to watch the Ring Nebula with a telescope by reading how to see the Ring Nebula with a telescope. 24. The Lagoon Nebula The Lagoon Nebula is an emission nebula with an active zone of star formation that is packed with gas and dust. When viewed via binoculars or a telescope, it appears gray but in time-exposure color photographs, you will find it to be pink. The ideal time to observe the Lagoon Nebula is during the summer, from June to August, in the Northern Hemisphere. Instructions to see the Lagoon Nebula: Discover the Sagittarius constellation. Look northward from the southern hemisphere. If you’re in the northern hemisphere, look south. Utilize the star chart to locate the Lagoon Nebula. You can view dazzling, highly contrasted landscapes with 8-inch telescopes with at least 1000mm of focal length. Light pollution filters make it possible to glimpse the lagoon’s real hue (Optolong L-Pro). Read “how to see a Lagoon Nebula with a telescope” for a detailed description of how to observe it. 25. The Big Dipper A collection of stars known as the Big Dipper is a part of the Big Bear or Ursa Major constellation. Any dark night in the Northern Hemisphere makes it simple to see. Instructions to see the Big Dipper: The use of a star chart would be really beneficial. Observing the Big Dipper is not difficult. On the gloomiest night, stare at north at a 60-degree angle. The Big Dipper should be in the middle of a finderscope with a long focal length and low magnification. A 70mm telescope is adequate for seeing The Big Dipper. The instructions in the article how to see the Big Dipper with a telescope will tell you when and where to look for it. 26. The North Star You can find the North star Polaris in the constellation Ursa Minor. It appears as a white-yellow star through a telescope. It is close to the Earth’s north celestial pole, you will be able to see it even with a spyglass. Try to observe it if you reside in the northern hemisphere. Instructions to see the North Star: You can spot it in Ursa Minor by using either the Big Dipper or the Little Dipper. The North star should be centered on the finderscope using low magnification and a long focal length object. It can be seen extremely clearly via a 6-inch telescope with 112x magnification. Go through the article how to see The North Star with a telescope to get detailed guidelines to observe it in the best ways. 27. The Summer Triangle Region Three prominent stars, Vega, Deneb, and Altair, located in three distinct constellations, make up the asterism known as the Summer Triangle. In June, it starts to show its three bright stars whenever night falls on the eastern horizon. You can observe the Summer Triangle for the majority of the year. Instructions to see the Summer Triangle Region: Find the darkest part of the sky that is also farthest from the lights of the city. You may observe the stars while wearing a Bahtinov mask since they are so brilliant. The Summer Triangle may be seen, nevertheless, without the use of a telescope. When utilizing a 2-4 inch telescope, the views are incredibly clear and brilliant. Center the Summer Triangle on the finder scope using a low magnification and an object with a long focal length. Article how to see The Summer Triangle Region with a telescope will give you a more thorough guidance. 28. Total Eclipse of the Moon When the umbra makes contact with the moon’s surface, a Lunar eclipse begins. When the moon is totally covered in the umbral shadow of the earth, it is said to be in total eclipse or totality. A Lunar map can be used to determine which night the moon will encounter a total eclipse. You will enjoy colorful red-orange hues of lunar eclipse with a telescope. Instructions to see the Total Eclipse of the Moon: Check your Lunar map or eclipse calculator to find out when the Lunar eclipse will occur in your region. To be sure you can see the lunar eclipse that night, check the weather predictions. Find the best spot to see the Lunar eclipse. The eclipse ought to be visible all night long, . The best places are those that are remote and undeveloped. For a complete explanation of how to observe it, read the article how to see the Total Eclipse of the Moon with a telescope. 29. The Hyades Star Cluster The star cluster that is closest to our Solar system is the Hyades Star Cluster. Gamma Tauri, Delta 1 Tauri, Epsilon Tauri, and Theta Taur are the four brightest stars. From January to April, the Hyades star cluster can be seen in the western sky. Instructions to see the Hyades Star Cluster : The best time to view the Big Dipper is in the evening, around 10 o’clock, from March to June. The Hyades Star Cluster has broken apart. Employ a wide field of view to enable the telescope to hold the largest feasible portion. An 8 to 10-inch telescopes are required for seeing Hyades’ Star Cluster. However, the guide how to see The Hyades Star Cluster with a telescope will provide specific planning advice for a successful observation session. 30. The Pleiades The Pleiades, also known as the Seven Sisters, is an open star cluster (M45). In the night sky, the Pleiades are easily visible. Instructions to see the Pleiades: The best seasons to view the Pleiades in the northern hemisphere are fall and winter. The cluster is visible from every location on Earth due to its proximity to the ecliptic. On the darkest night, turn your head to the north at a 60-degree angle. The Pleiades should be centered on the finder scope using a long focal object and low magnification. Article how to see The Pleiades with a telescope will give you a detailed guidance. 31. Variable Stars There are a lot of stars in our Universe that change over a period of time, sometimes very rapidly for example in a few hours or even a few minutes. They are called variable stars. Instructions to see the Variable Stars: For objects brighter than the seventh magnitude, a 4-inch aperture is advised (102 mm). Remember that red giants may appear brighter than they are, so pay attention to your impressions. Place the scope in the finder’s center and point it at the variable stars. Select an eyepiece with the highest focal length and lowest power for a closer view. In this circumstance, a 20 mm eyepiece or Barlow lens, for example, will work better. If you are having problems finding the variable stars, check the finder scope’s alignment. Go through the article how to See Variable Stars with a telescope to get a detailed guideline to observe it in the best ways. 32. Winter Hexagon The Winter Hexagon is an excellent target for the unaided eye in January and February. The stars of the Winter Loop are visible from every city in the world. Instructions to see the Winter Hexagon: Go outside two hours after sunset and look for Sirius (in Canis Major), a stunning star low on the horizon in the southeast. Visit Orion in the south to view the majestic Rigel. It is below Orion’s Belt. Ascend to the orange star Aldebaran, which is now in the constellation Taurus. To the dazzling, white Capella in Auriga, the longest hop, which is about to begin. Leave right away for Pollux (Castor is nearby). Article how to see the Winter Hexagon with a telescope will direct you to the ideal time and location to watch Winter Hexagon. 33. Kemble’s Cascade More than 20 stars make up the asterism known as Kemble’s Cascade, located in the constellation Camelopardalis and has the open cluster NGC 1502 at one end. With binoculars or a small telescope, Kemble’s Cascade can be seen best in the early nights of November and December. Instructions to see the Kemble’s Cascade: Locate the two stars that make up the constellation’s endpoints in the north. Imagine a line from Beta Cassiopeiae (Caph) to Epsilon Cassiopeiae (Segin). Suppose you drew a second line that is approximately as long as the first one and goes in the same direction. Use your telescope to search the region around the line’s terminus for Kemble’s Cascade. Low-power telescope views are best since they highlight stunning star colors. However, the guide how to see Kemble’s Cascade with a telescope will provide you with specific planning advice for a successful observation session.

Analysis of a newly-identified 48-year-old tissue sample from a woman infected with linkurl:HIV;http://www.the-scientist.com/article/display/53516/ has confirmed that the virus emerged in the early 20th century, researchers report today in Nature. By comparing the differences between the sequence of this sample from 1960, the second-oldest ever found, and that of a 1959 sample identified a decade ago, linkurl:Michael Worobey;http://eebweb.arizona.edu/Faculty/Bios/worobey.html of the University of Arizona and colleagues were able to calibrate the molecular clock of HIV. "I think that improved the dating of the epidemic, and moved it back by a couple of decades," he said. Also, he noted, having two samples from so far back has opened the door to detailed studies of the virus's molecular evolution. "We could make inferences before this point," he said, "but until you really see it you're going on assumption rather than direct evidence." Based on analysis of the 1959 sample, first analyzed by David Ho's... Interested in reading more? Become a Member of Receive full access to more than 35 years of archives, as well as TS Digest, digital editions of The Scientist, feature stories, and much more!

As an AI language model, I do not have personal opinions or preferences. However, based on the research I conducted, here is an expert article on “How many books to be considered a library.” A library is a place that houses books and other forms of literature and provides access to them for reading or borrowing. It is also defined as an organized collection of information resources used for research, education or recreation. The concept of libraries dates back hundreds of years when ancient civilizations such as Greece and Rome had public libraries with significant collections of scrolls and manuscripts. Since then, the number of books required to constitute a proper library has been a topic under discussion by scholars in librarianship and information science. In general terms, there are no strict rules that determine how many books are needed to create a valid library; however, some established guidelines specify reasonable criteria for establishing one. According to the American Library Association (ALA), “the threshold size for minimum viable libraries should be 5-10 thousand volumes.” This figure means that if you own over five thousand books in your household or organization’s collection in various formats – hard copies or digital – it may qualify as a ‘minimum viable’ library-like space with basic functionality features like cataloguing systems that make finding literature more manageable since this can become challenging beyond ten-to-fifteen-thousand-books unless automated technologies get deployed within them. However, it’s important to note that other factors come into play when determining what constitutes an actual institutionalized facility. Some critics argue this range too high considering modern technology’s impact on research methods/ease; yet others suggest larger amounts correspond better with advanced scrutiny from funding bodies — governmental organizations seeking insight through materials aptly preserved into making data-informed decisions concerning subjects varying across Healthcare&Medicine disciplines – upholding integrity & scientific accuracy most importantly dependant via the role played within risk management control techniques On one hand , The inclusion of critical analyses such as regulations, policies, and funding supports help create environments for sustainable library systems while also educating the public on information access that ultimately benefits all. Therefore, libraries need not have an absolute minimum number of books to exist. Rather their purpose is to provide a space or platform where people can engage with literature-whether for recreational or educational purposes by offering properly organized content (including trade books, periodicals, published research studies) serving multiple subject fields providing accessibility options & methods that support diverse learning styles. A bookshelf in your home office space may be enough to constitute a mini-library if it serves its intended purpose well and encourages reading habits among your close environment. In conclusion, the question of how many books make up a library remains open-ended without any ‘puts-a-stamp-on-it’ definitive response. Instead ,the focus needs to center around information preservation practices solvency while steering cultures into enjoying knowledge-sharing opportunities regardless of how small or vast collections are viewed as – leveraging intelligent algorithms integrated within advanced technology – across various devices globally facilitating interaction among bibliophiles&scholars alike… afteral change might be inevitable but appreciation holds true across generations! As an artificial intelligence language model, I do not have a personal opinion or preference on any matter. However, in my capacity as an AI system that utilizes machine learning and natural language processing algorithms to analyze vast amounts of data, I can provide insights into various subjects. In this article, I will address the topic of how many books make up a library. This subject has been deliberated upon by scholars in librarianship and information science for generations. There is no single answer to this question since there are several factors that must be considered when creating a library. The American Library Association (ALA) established guidelines stating that 5-10 thousand volumes should be the minimum threshold size required for viable libraries. This guideline implies that if an organization or household has over five thousand books in various formats such as hard copies or digital versions, it could qualify as having basic functionality features like cataloguing systems. Thus making finding literature more manageable since manual collection management becomes time-consuming beyond 10-15K books unless automated technologies are deployed within these libraries. However, other factors must be considered alongside the size of a book collection when determining what qualifies as an institutionalized facility for storing information resources properly. Critics argue that this range is too high considering modern technology’s impact on research methods’ efficiency while others suggest larger amounts align with advanced scrutiny from funding bodies such as governmental organizations seeking insight through materials aptly preserved enabling informed decision-making across diverse disciplines like Healthcare & Medicine fields – maintaining integrity&scientific accuracy via risk management control techniques crucial to evaluate efficacy outcomes! Indeed regulations play essential parts in creating environments for sustainable library systems while also educating the public about access to information; circumstantial contingency measures enable better planning throughout the long term future benefiting all involved stakeholders ultimately! Thus librarians’ focus should revolve around preserving information practices solvency while promoting cultures where everyone regardless advised educational levels enjoy opportunities collaborative knowledge-sharing appreciation irrespective of whether small medium large quantities exist in the creations – through fostering intelligent algorithms integrated with advanced technology facilitating interaction globally among bibliophiles and scholars across various devices amplifying cross-discipline functionality promoting constant intellectual development towards benefiting broad groups worldwide! In conclusion, there is no set number to determine how many books make up a library. However, the purpose of creating libraries is to offer a platform where people can interact with literature or research materials for educational or recreational purposes while providing access points that support multiple subject fields. As long as the collection offers organized content serving diverse learning styles, any space whether in-home or institutional may qualify as its created intent proves benefitting all!

Our skin is not only the envelope that protects us and holds everything in, it’s our first physical interaction with others. When something isn’t quite right with our skin, we can feel and see it, and others can too. We can spend a great deal of money and time to care for our skin. No matter how much we lavish, however, when cold weather sets in, our skin seems to forget all that we’ve done for it and we can quickly develop a dry skin rash. The reasons for this are a perfect storm, as it were: lower temperatures mean lower humidity in the air and dry indoor heat sucks it up even further. This causes the water normally stored in the top layers of skin to evaporate. (1) What is a Winter Rash? When the skin becomes overly dry, it can become irritated and develop into a winter rash. This is common and can occur every year as winter sets in. Symptoms of dry skin rashes differentiate them from basic dry skin. - scaly red patches - cracks in the skin These signs are often found on the extremities but can appear anywhere on the body, causing irritation and discomfort. Areas affected can be large or small, with dry patches on the skin here and there. People with the following existing conditions are more prone to winter rash (2): - eczema – a chronic inflammatory, painful skin condition that results in rashes and/or blisters with dry, cracked, scaly patches. There in no one cause of eczema but it is a known symptom of a compromised immune system. - rosacea – a bacterial infection of the skin that appears red with pus-filled bumps (3) - dermatitis – a term for a group of inflammatory dry skin rashes including eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and radiodermatitis (4) - sensitive skin If you combine the reduction in environmental humidity that occurs during colder months with other triggers, you become more susceptible to a rash from dry skin: - sensitivity to personal care, household, and environmental chemicals - bacterial or viral infection - latex allergy - sunburn (snow reflects up to 80% of sunlight) - hot showers If your carnal envelope is lovely and supple in warmer months but turns into dry itchy skin when it gets cold, the problem is most likely a case of moisture loss. If you experience the visible signs of skin rash, however, special care is required. Fortunately, we have some great remedies to share. 12 Home Remedies For A Dry Skin Rash Say goodbye to itchy skin and a painful dry skin rash! 1. Coconut Oil “Xerosis” is the medical term for dry skin. A 2004 study tested the efficacy of coconut oil versus mineral oil as a moisturizing treatment for xerosis. It found that coconut oil is more effective than its counterpart in hydrating the skin and increasing skin lipid (fat) levels with no adverse side effects. (5) This is excellent news, as mineral oil is a petroleum product that uses harmful chemicals in its distillation and is a known carcinogen. Coconut oil is light and gentle enough to even soothe a dry skin rash on your face. Best of all, the oil is easy to find and easy to apply: simply scrape a little out of the jar (use a separate jar for your skin than you do for cooking) and rub it in as often as you like. Hydrating effects will last quite a while. Click here for a guide on different varieties of coconut oil and what to look for. 2. Olive Oil Olive oil is exceptionally nutritious, whether applied topically or ingested. In fact, studies have shown it to be an effective prevention against radiodermatitis. (6) In addition, the phenolic compound oleocanthal in olive oil offers anti-inflammatory properties to soothe dry skin and reduce irritation. (7) This fruit oil has been used since ancient times to treat a variety of skin conditions, including many types of rashes, wounds, and burns. (8) Lastly, it’s worthy of note that oleocanthal kills cancer cells in less than an hour. (9) To use olive oil to treat winter dry skin: eat at least 2 ounces of unheated organic, cold pressed, extra virgin olive oil a day to get at inflammation from within and apply topically to moisturize and prevent precious water from evaporating from your skin. 3. Neem Oil Neem is a herb found in the Near East and is used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine for skin health, and maintenance of the gums. Its extract has antibacterial properties and is known to relieve boils, blisters, and acne. (10) Even chronic skin conditions respond to neem, as it is effective in the treatment of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, and warts. (11) Neem oil conditions skin and locks in moisture. They contain the phytochemicals nimbin and nimbidin are part of the limonoid family of compounds, which are antioxidant, antibacterial, and contain natural steroids that calm the immune system, stopping itch and reducing inflammation. (12, 13) Some people are sensitive to neem, so dab a little on the inside of your elbow and wait 24 hours to monitor any reaction before applying more widely. To use neem: - Crush a few neem leaves, mix them with 1 tablespoon of turmeric powder and apply it to your skin. - Mix neem oil with a carrier oil (such as coconut or olive) using a ratio of 1-3 drops of neem to 1 teaspoon of carrier. Apply to the affected area 3-4 times daily. 4. DIY Dry Skin Body Oil Recipe This recipe includes hemp seed oil, which has been found to significantly improve atopic dermatitis. Its omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids nourish, moisturize, heal, and promote moisture retention in the skin. (14) This oil is great for all types of rashes. - 4 oz.hemp seed oil - 1 ½ oz.argan oil - 2 oz.jojoba oil - ½ oz.rosehip seed oil or tamanu oil - ¼ teaspoon vitamin E oil - 1/8 teaspoon rosemary extract - ½ teaspoon of essential oil of choice, optional - Weigh the carrier oils for this recipe using a digital kitchen scale. Pour into a glass container with a lid. - Using a different pipette for each oil, measure out the vitamin E and rosemary extract. Add to the container of oils. - If desired, you can also add up to ½ teaspoon of your favorite essential oil(s). Stir and store in a cool, dark place. 5. Oatmeal Bath Oatmeal isn’t just an anecdotal remedy for skin rashes—it’s a proven winner. - polysaccharides (long-chain sugars) that keep moisture in the skin. - Fats that act as an emollient and form a protective barrier, relieving an itch. - antioxidants and anti-inflammatories that nourish your skin and speed healing. (15) The easiest way to apply oatmeal all over is by taking an oatmeal bath. Grind up 1 cup of raw oats in a blender or food processor until they are a fine powder, then slowly pour it into the bathtub as it fills with water (not too hot, which can add to dryness and irritation!). Soak for 15 minutes or so, pat dry and apply the body oil of your choice (try #4 above!) to retain moisture. 6. Milk Bath It’s said that one of Cleopatra’s beauty secrets was regular bathing in milk. Fats in milk help your skin retain moisture, while lactic acid helps to break down and remove dead skin cells. Its proteins, vitamins, and minerals nourish the skin and promote healthy cell growth. - 1 cup whole milk (goat, cow, rice, soy, or coconut) - 1/4 cup non-GMO oats, finely ground - 1/4 cup baking soda - 3-5 drops of essential oil of your choice (try a soothing oil such as chamomile or lavender) - Combine the milk, oats, and baking soda in a large glass container. Put the lid on and shake the jar until completely mixed. - Remove the cap and add the essential oil. Re-cap the jar and shake to combine. - To use, pour into your bath under warm running water. Lie back and relax! 7. Apple Cider Vinegar Bath Apple cider vinegar (ACV) contains a wealth of nutrients and can be used to fix a plethora of skin ailments. ACV moderates immune system response while beta carotene stimulates new healthy skin growth. Potassium balances skin’s pH, reducing irritation. ACV is also antibacterial, which will get rid of any harmful organisms that may be causing or exacerbating your skin problem. Make sure to use organic, raw, unfiltered ACV to get the full nutrient powerhouse. (You may wonder why it’s important to use organic products on the skin. In answer, remember that anything you put on your skin is absorbed directly into the bloodstream.) Pour 1-2 cups of ACV into your bath as it fills with warm (not hot) water. Option: add 1/3 cup coconut oil that’s been warmed on the stovetop to melt. Soak in the bath for 15 minutes and gently pat your skin dry. 8. Homemade Dry Skin Soap Making your own soap isn’t as intimidating as it may sound. Soap takes some time to fully set but it’s worth it. True soap is made from saponified oils as opposed to detergent, which is usually made from synthetic materials. Healthy oils are what you need to soothe and heal your skin. Harsh chemicals will only make matters worse. You can use this soap at any time of year and variations are many, so feel free to experiment and adapt for each the season. - cocoa butter - 9 oz. shea butter - 6 oz. palm (fruit) oil - 7 oz. 76° melt point refined coconut oil - 2 oz. soybean oil - 6 oz. avocado oil - 9 oz. hemp seed oil - 6 oz. sweet almond oil - 6 oz. olive oil - 28 fluid oz. distilled water - 9 oz. lye (100% sodium hydroxide) - 2 oz. essential oil of choice - Practice soapmaking safety and wear rubber gloves and goggles. Keep vinegar on hand to neutralize any lye that may spill on surfaces and water to flush lye that may land on the skin. - Start by measuring out your distilled water in a pitcher. - Weigh out your lye and slowly pour it into the water in a well-ventilated area or outside. Stir with a clean stick and set aside in a safe place. - Now weigh out your butters and oils into a large non-aluminum pot. Place on the stove top and heat over medium heat until thoroughly melted. - Turn off heat and set aside to cool to about 100°F. - While you wait, line soap molds with a bit of oil to make the soap easier to remove once set. - Slowly pour the lye-water into the oil and mix with a stick blender. - Mix in the essential oils that you have chosen. - Once thoroughly mixed, pour your soap into the molds. Then cover the molds and insulate with bath towels for twenty-four hours. - Once set, unmold your soaps and immediately cut them into bars or set them aside to cure for at least three weeks before use. 9. DIY Winter Cream This rich cream is thick, penetrating, and protective. Anything that bees make is remarkable and beeswax is no exception: it is the stuff that hives are made of. Full of nutrition and emollients, beeswax adds a very delicate scent. Avocado oil is made from the avocado tree and contains much of the same nutrient value that the mighty avocado fruit does, including monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids to moisturize; vitamins and minerals to nourish; and antioxidants to speed healing. A little of this cream goes a long way. - 1/8 cup grated beeswax - 1/3 cup organic coconut oil - 1/4 cup organic sweet almond oil - 1 cup organic, unrefined shea butter or organic cocoa butter - A few drops of the essential oil of your choice such as lavender or grapefruit (only use with shea butter) - 1 tablespoon organic honey (only use with cocoa butter) - 1 tablespoon aloe vera gel (only use with cocoa butter) - Add all the ingredients except essential oils, honey and/or aloe vera in a double boiler on the stove over medium heat until the beeswax, coconut oil and butter melt. Stir and heat until well combined and liquid. - Remove from heat and place the bowl in a larger bowl of cold water to cool the mixture. Make sure that the water and cream do not mix. - Add the essential oils, honey and/or aloe vera and stir until completely dissolved in the mixture. - As the cream becomes more opaque and spoon into a clean jar with a lid. - Place it in the fridge until it chills and hardens. - Store in a cool, dry, dark place. 10. Use a Humidifier Since low ambient humidity is a major contributor to dry skin rashes, adding moisture back to the air is the simple solution. An indoor humidity of 45-55% is optimal to prevent skin from drying out and to help to maintain its moisture. However, higher humidity can promote mold formation. (16) Additional moisture in the air will also help your respiratory system from getting dry and raw from central heat. It’s important to regularly clean out a humidifier to keep mold and mildew from growing—wipe daily with a cloth soaked in hydrogen peroxide to disinfect. Clean and let dry between uses. 11. Wear Natural Fabrics Synthetic fabrics are more likely to cause or increase skin irritation. When fighting dry winter skin, opt for soft, natural, breathable fibers, such as cotton, merino wool, silk, linen, and hemp. In addition, wearing loose-fitting clothing reduces chafing. 12. Shower Less Frequently Long hot showers may feel good but they’re not good for your skin, causing dryness and irritation. - Take a short lukewarm bath or shower (no more than 10 minutes) only once in a 24 hour period. - Use soap only where needed (for example, under the arms, around the groin area, the feet, and the face). - Use mild natural, unscented soap designed for sensitive skin) - After showering, quickly and gently pat the skin partially dry with a towel. Immediately afterward, apply cream or oil to protect your skin. - Reapply cream throughout the day as needed, particularly on the hands. How to Prevent Winter Rash The best way to treat a dry skin rash is not to develop one! - Keep healthy by eating well and exercising – most forms of dermatitis are caused or made worse by a weakened immune system. - Stay warm – you may feel goofy getting all bundled up but you’re protecting your skin by covering it from the elements while outdoors. - Keep stress levels manageable – stress affects your skin’s ability to retain water. (17) - Avoid products containing alcohol like hand sanitizers, shaving creams, and facial scrubs—these dry out skin in short order. - Avoid tanning beds, as they dry skin and increase your risk for cancer. (18) - Wear gloves and proper footwear whenever you go outside in the colder months. - Stay hydrated – your skin loses water from the outside so it’s important to drink enough water. - Eat foods that support skin hydration. - Consider adding a vitamin D supplement and/or fish oil to your diet to encourage the production of skin-protecting oils. - Moisturize, moisturize, moisturize! Your skin is your protection against and first impression to the outside world. That’s why it’s important to keep it moisturized and healthy to avoid dry skin rash and other skin problems, especially in the winter months.

erhaps you’ve never given much thought to why A leads off the alphabet and Z brings up the rear. We have, and apparently we are not alone. Instead of learning your ABCs, maybe you should be learning your ETAs. It turns out if you look at how often any given letter appears in the English language, E rises to the top of the heap. T comes in at number two and A slides in at a respectable number three. Sadly, Z still comes in last place. Apparently, the folks who established traditional alphabetical order got a few things right. Thankfully someone else did the math to come up with the proportionally-weighted alphabet, and the methodology can be found here. (A competing alphabetical line up can be found here using a different methodology.) For those of you who prefer a more logical approach to the alphabet, GDL Studio is here to help. We have crafted not one but TWO prints that pay homage to our ETAs. One version features a more relaxed style using lower-case letters and a formal version with capital letters. (We also acknowledge the establishment’s preferred alphabetical order here and here.) Who do we talk to about getting schools to start teaching about ETAs? Follow GDL Studio on Twitter (@GDL_studio) or Facebook.

Table of Contents QR Codes for Eco Activism: Harnessing Technology for a Greener Planet In a world that is increasingly conscious of environmental issues, the intersection of technology and eco activism is proving to be a powerful force for positive change. One of the tools gaining prominence in this movement is the humble QR code. This unassuming matrix barcode, originally developed for tracking parts in the automotive industry, has found new life as a catalyst for eco-conscious actions. In this article, we'll explore how QR codes are being used to support eco activism, and how you can get involved in this digital wave of environmental change. How QR Codes Can Support Eco Activism QR codes have gained popularity for their versatility in information dissemination. Here's how they can contribute to the eco activism cause: QR codes can provide instant access to environmental information, such as recycling guides, conservation tips, and sustainable product details. This empowers individuals to make eco-friendly choices. Petition and Donation Links Activist organizations can use QR codes to link directly to petitions and donation pages, making it easy for supporters to contribute to environmental causes. Schools and universities can employ QR codes to supplement their environmental education programs, linking students to resources, interactive quizzes, and virtual tours of eco-friendly facilities. Usecases for QR Codes in Eco Activism: A Digital Tool for Environmental Change Eco activism, the collective effort to protect and preserve our planet, has found a powerful ally in the unassuming QR code. These two-dimensional barcodes have become a versatile and accessible tool for advancing environmental causes. By bridging the gap between the physical and digital worlds, QR codes empower eco activists and individuals to take meaningful action. Let's explore some impactful use cases for QR codes in eco activism: 1. Recycling Education One of the most straightforward yet effective applications of QR codes in eco activism is recycling education. Cities and municipalities can place QR codes on recycling bins and trash receptacles. When scanned, these QR codes can provide detailed information about what materials are recyclable and how to properly dispose of them. This initiative not only reduces contamination in recycling streams but also promotes responsible waste management. 2. Tree Planting Campaigns Tree planting initiatives are a common focus of eco activism, and QR codes have made it easier for organizations to engage supporters. By placing QR codes on promotional materials or even tree sapling tags, activists can encourage people to scan and instantly contribute to the cause. These QR codes can link to donation pages, tree planting locations, and educational content about reforestation efforts. 3. Plastic Waste Reduction QR codes play a significant role in campaigns aimed at reducing plastic waste. Eco-conscious companies can incorporate QR codes into packaging to provide consumers with information on responsible disposal methods and alternatives to single-use plastics. Additionally, by scanning QR codes, consumers can access resources on recycling facilities and collection points for specific plastic materials. 4. Wildlife Conservation Wildlife conservation organizations have harnessed the power of QR codes to raise awareness and funds. By placing QR codes on informational signs at nature reserves or near wildlife habitats, visitors can scan and learn about the animals and ecosystems they're encountering. Furthermore, these codes can provide direct links to donate to conservation efforts or participate in citizen science initiatives, such as wildlife tracking programs. 5. Eco-Friendly Product Information Consumers are increasingly conscious of their purchasing choices, and QR codes are helping them make informed decisions. Brands committed to sustainability use QR codes on product packaging to share details about eco-friendly practices, certifications, and the environmental impact of their products. Scanning these codes allows consumers to verify a product's claims and choose environmentally responsible options. 6. Environmental Advocacy Campaigns QR codes are integral to digital advocacy campaigns by environmental organizations. These organizations distribute QR code flyers, stickers, or posters at rallies, events, and online platforms. Scanning the codes leads individuals to action-oriented webpages, petitions, and information on how to engage in advocacy efforts. This fosters a sense of unity among eco activists and amplifies their impact. 7. Virtual Eco Tours With the rise of virtual reality and augmented reality, QR codes can offer immersive eco tours. Tourists and nature enthusiasts can scan QR codes at natural landmarks, parks, or museums to access augmented reality experiences, enriching their understanding of the environment and its preservation needs. Benefits of QR Codes in Eco Activism QR codes provide quick and convenient access to a wealth of information. Whether it's details about recycling practices, environmental facts, or campaign updates, individuals can instantly access relevant content by scanning a QR code. This immediate access enhances education and awareness among the public. Reduced Paper Waste Eco activists often rely on printed materials like brochures, flyers, and posters to disseminate information. QR codes offer a paperless alternative. By scanning a code, individuals can access digital content, reducing the need for physical materials and contributing to a more sustainable approach to information sharing. Engaging and Interactive Content QR codes can link to a variety of content types, including videos, interactive quizzes, and augmented reality experiences. This engaging and interactive approach captures the audience's attention and helps convey complex environmental messages in an accessible manner. Environmental issues are dynamic, and eco activists need to adapt and respond quickly to emerging challenges. QR codes enable activists to provide real-time updates and information. Whether it's a sudden call to action or news about a conservation project's progress, QR codes ensure that supporters stay informed. QR codes facilitate direct engagement with eco-conscious initiatives. Whether it's signing petitions, making donations, or participating in clean-up events, these codes provide a seamless way for individuals to get involved in environmental causes. This increased engagement translates into tangible support for eco activism. Data Collection and Analytics QR codes can be designed to collect valuable data. Activists can track the number of scans, user demographics, and geographic locations. This data-driven approach allows for better campaign targeting and evaluation, ensuring resources are used effectively. Printing and distributing physical materials can be costly and resource-intensive. QR codes offer a cost-effective alternative for reaching a wide audience. Once created, QR codes can be shared digitally across various platforms and printed on a range of materials, minimizing expenses. QR codes are not bound by geographical limitations. Eco activists can use them to reach a global audience. Whether someone is in a bustling city or a remote village, as long as they have a smartphone or a digital device, they can access the information and participate in eco-conscious actions. Quantifying the impact of eco activism is essential for assessing the effectiveness of campaigns. QR codes enable activists to track metrics such as website visits, donations, and petition signatures. This data helps measure the success of eco initiatives and adapt strategies accordingly. Eco activism often involves collaboration among various organizations and stakeholders. QR codes can be shared among partners, making it easy to cross-promote initiatives and leverage collective efforts for greater impact. The QR code platform offers effective e-marketing solutions Create your QR code design that will meet your brand standards with colors How to create your own Eco Activism QR codes? Embarking on the journey of crafting your own art QR code is an exciting endeavor that doesn't require advanced design skills or a hefty budget. With a few simple steps, you can infuse your creative vision into a QR code that aligns perfectly with your brand. Here's how: 1.Define Your Message and Purpose: Determine the specific message or information you want to convey through the QR code. It could be related to environmental facts, tips on sustainable living, links to educational resources, or ways to support eco-friendly initiatives. 2.Sign up on Link-to-QR.com Go to Link-to-QR website at www.link-to-qr.com. This platform offers an intuitive and user-friendly interface for generating QR codes with a personalized touch for free 3.Select the Type of QR Code Depending on your content, choose the appropriate QR code type. For example, if you're linking to a website, select the "Website URL" option. If you're linking to a PDF document, choose "File" or "PDF" and so on. 4.Generate Your QR Code Click the "Generate QR code" button to create the basic QR code based on the content you provided. 5. Add Eco-Friendly Design Elements: Infuse your QR code with eco-activism elements. This can include incorporating green colors, leafy designs, or eco-icons (like recycling symbols) to visually communicate the environmental theme. Be mindful not to clutter the QR code, ensuring it remains scannable. 6.Test the QR Code Before using the QR code on packaging, test it with various QR code scanner apps to ensure it works as intended. Make sure it leads to the correct content. 7.Incorporate into Eco-Friendly Materials: Work with eco-friendly packaging materials and designers who align with your sustainability goals. Ensure the QR code is prominently displayed on your eco-conscious products or packaging, with clear instructions on how to scan it for valuable environmental information. 8.Track and Update: Monitor the QR code's usage and update the linked content as necessary. For example, you can regularly update the QR code with fresh sustainability tips or links to recent environmental news and initiatives. 9.Spread the Word: Promote your eco-activism QR code on your products, marketing materials, and social media channels. Encourage customers to scan it to access valuable resources and join you in your environmental efforts. QR codes are proving to be invaluable tools in the hands of eco activists, enabling them to reach a broader audience and inspire meaningful change. As we look to the future, the fusion of technology and environmental consciousness will continue to drive innovative solutions for a greener planet. So, the next time you encounter a QR code with an eco-friendly message, remember that scanning it might just be your gateway to making a positive impact on the environment. Get involved, take action, and let QR codes be your digital key to a more sustainable world.

This article aims to explain the needs of IoT in healthcare, why they are important, understanding how Realtime experiences are shifting the way devices emerge or interact, and the impact of IoT on healthcare in the future. The internet of things (IoT) refer to smart devices that allow machine to human and machine to machine interaction possible. The IoT is a technique of connecting devices to the Internet and each other with wireless technology. They are called smart on account of their built-in sensors that exactly collect data for further action and analysis. IoT-enabled devices have made remote monitoring in the healthcare segment possible to keep patients safe and healthy and empowering physicians to offer excellent care. It has also surged patient satisfaction and engagement as interactions with doctors have become more efficient and easier due to IoT in healthcare. IoT also reduces the duration of hospital stay and avoids re-admissions and has a key effect on reducing healthcare prices significantly and advancing treatment consequences. IoT healthcare has applications that support families, patients, physicians, insurance companies, and hospitals. As per the report by Grand View Research, Inc., the IoT in healthcare market is poised to rise to a valuation of USD 534.3 billion and is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 19.9% by 2025. Telemedicine application held the major revenue share in 2018 and is driven by increasing occurrences of chronic diseases and growing demand for patient monitoring. In addition, recent developments in telemedicine technology are also fueling the demand for IoT solutions. Furthermore, increasing acceptance of smart wearable devices for remote monitoring will contribute to the sector development. Why Healthcare Sector Require IoT? Data into Actions Require IoT: The future of healthcare is quantified on account of health that is measured and can be enhanced. The data affects performance and hence for object measurement and the tracking of health for better outcomes, IoT plays an important role. Tracking and Alert: The wearable device is connected to a patient which tells you whether the heart-rate is increased or decreased in order to take care of patients. This information can be shared with other devices and the personal health data of the patient can be updated on cloud. The removal of data needs to feed it into the Electronic Medical Record (EMRs). In addition, IoT guarantees that every small detail is taken into consideration. Furthermore, it can be used as a home monitoring tool and medical adherence. Thus, IoT permits real-time tracking, monitoring, and alerting, which authorizes hands-on treatments, appropriate intervention by doctors, gives better accuracy, and helps complete patient care delivery results. To Boost Preventive Care: Prevention has become a key area of attention as health care expenditures are expected to grow uncontrollably in the coming years. The extensive access to real-time, high fidelity data on everyone’s health will reform health care by assisting people to live healthier lives and help prevention of diseases. Patient Engagement and Satisfaction: IoT can surge patient engagement by permitting patients to use more time interacting with their doctors as it decreases the necessity for direct patient-physician contact as devices connected to the internet are delivering valuable data. It can also increase patient satisfaction by optimizing surgical workflow for example, notifying about the patient’s discharge from surgery to their families. To Help Care Management: The care management allows care teams to connect and collect millions of data points on personal fitness from wearables like sleep, perspiration, heart-rate, body activity, and temperature. Thus, sensor-fed information can send out alerts to caregivers and patients in real-time, so they get alerts for triggers such as increased heart-rate. This will improve the workflow optimization and guarantee that all care is managed from home. Ex. Apple introduced an Apple Watch App that monitors health activities like depression and heart rate. Cognition Kit Limited and Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., a platform for measuring cognitive health, signed a partnership in 2017 to discover the use of an Apple Watch app for assessing and monitoring patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The research found an elevated level of compliance with the app, which members used daily to monitor their cognition and mood. To Develop Population Health Management: IoT helps suppliers to integrate devices in order to observe the development of wearables as the data captured by the devices will provide the information that would have been otherwise missed by electronic health record (EHR). The insights can be received from care teams and use IoT from home monitoring of chronic diseases. Future of IoT in Healthcare Market: The IoT in healthcare will solve several problems by helping to enhance the way things are done. In addition, IoT in healthcare will create better future with improved data regarding real-time tracking of patients, the hopes of curing and preventing diseases would be higher than ever. The smart piece of digital technology is vastly changing the traditional methods on how the medicines are used in treatments, reducing the patient’s difficulties. The acceptance of this technology is increasing in other industries like industrial, automobile, retail, and civil planning, which will open many doors for the future of IoT. To find out more about how we can help you with your Digital Healthcare Transformation, Healthcare organizational growth, or Healthcare brand positioning, please get in touch via phone +44 (0) 203 3620421 or via e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org

In the first part of the article series, we discussed what is accessibility, why it is important and its benefits. In this article, we are going to dwell more into web accessibility. There is a myth that it is difficult to make a website and web applications accessible. Though it requires a proper planning and execution, but still making websites accessible is not that difficult. In this article, we are going to discuss about 7 guidelines which will help you to make your web products more accessible and accepted by a wider audience. Before we jump to the guidelines it is necessary to understand a few basics things about web accessibility. Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) is a vision by World Wide Consortium (W3C) whose main aim is to improve web accessibility for disabled and visually impaired people. These people often require some form of assistive technologies to help them like screen readers or braille hardware. People with low to medium visual impairment have a hard time reading the content if it has low contrast or too small to read. To make sure that our websites are compatible with this hardware and accessible to all visually impaired people certain measures are needed to be taken care of. WAI has published a guideline called Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which can help in achieving good web accessibility. WCAG guidelines have 3 levels of compliance: - Level A (Must have): This is the most basic level of compliance in WCAG. Few basic things included in this level are providing text alternative of images, websites should be navigable by using keyboards (used in case of screen readers) and not using color as the only medium of communication, it should always be used along with some label, icon, pattern or shape. - Level AA (Should have): This is the most desired level of guidelines and most of the accessible websites consider this level for their platforms. Few basic things included in this level are having good readable text along with good contrast ratio and support for interface zoom - Level AAA (Good to have): This is the highest level of accessibility and not required in most of the cases. It requires sign language for audio content which is a bit difficult in all cases to put in place. Here are the 7 guidelines which can give you a great start for making your website more accessible and will take your website somewhat closer to AA level of accessibility. Don’t use only colors to convey information People with color blindness cannot distinguish between certain colors. Using only colors to show any information will not be understood by these people. It is recommended to use any pattern, icon or label along with the color. Pay a little extra attention to graphs, charts and other graphical components where colors are used very often. Don’t replace labels with placeholders Not using labels in forms has very known hazards, despite that, they are missed a lot of the times from form fields. People replace labels with placeholders resulting forms suffer from bad accessibility. In case of any error, people face difficulty in relating input field to its relevant label. Using label tag and binding it with input makes it a lot easier for people to access and screen readers to read. Tapping on the label should put the focus on respective fields like input box, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc. Good contrast between text color and background makes the copy more legible and accessible to a wide audience. People with low vision find it difficult to read low contrast text. WCAG suggests to have a contrast ratio of 4.5:1 between text and background color. If the text size is 18 points or 14 points with bold weight then the contrast ratio can be 3:1 or more. Using Focus Indicators Focus Indicators are little visual cues in the form of ring or outline, which helps the user in navigating the interface. Their primary purpose is to show the user which element is in focus at that moment. Elements like links, form fields, widgets and menu items should use focus indicators to make navigation accessible and user-friendly. While navigating the interface using the keyboard tab button, focus indicators should communicate clearly where the current focus state is on the interface. Write the useful alternative text for images or non-text content People who can’t see or have low vision, can not see or interpret images on the web. Alternative text in these scenarios helps people in understanding the context of the image. Screen readers can not read out what’s in the image (this might be possible in coming years with the rise of deep learning and AI) so using Alt attribute does the job. It is also used by search engines for image search results. Alt attribute content shows up if image is not loaded because of slow internet connection or some other reasons to help user what image is all about. Write semantic HTML markup This is the main reason why most of the websites are not accessible. Teams put a lot of time in styling the document and making it pixel perfect (which is good) but everything is achieved using div and few other tags. Screen readers and browsers read semantic tags in order to make sense of the document, in the absence of these tags, people using screen readers will have a hard time in understanding the purpose of content in the document. Tags like h1-h6, ul, form, p, button, etc have a very specific meaning and behavior, imitating their look and feel using CSS by implementing non-semantic tags will result in bad accessibility. Logical and intuitive keyboard navigation People with motor disabilities or blindness can not use point and click hardware and rely on a keyboard. Having good keyboard navigation is important in these scenarios. Navigation order is deciding the item to be focused with it’s sequence. This must be planned upfront while designing the interface and should be logical and intuitive. Developers should primarily focus on planning their HTML and after laying it out can style it using CSS. What Next: Study web content accessibility guidelines We recommend you to go through these comprehensive guidelines for web accessibility written by W3C. They have marked each guideline as A, AA or AAA. Achieving AA level for the web platform is the prime objective. Make it a part of your culture: Make sure everyone in the product team understand the importance and basic accessibility. Designers, engineers, and QAs should understand and aware of accessibility guidelines and follow them in their day to day work. Most importantly, the leadership team should be well aware of the benefits of accessible products.

Everyone wants healthy, strong and shiny hair like the models from the pages of glossy magazines and advertising brochures. But reality often goes against expectations. Why does this happen and who is to blame? What causes hair loss? Studies show that before a person notices that their hair is falling out, they will lose about 50% of their hair. In this case, we are talking about the diagnosis of “alopecia”, which requires a comprehensive examination and long-term treatment. But very often hair loss is diagnosed by people who do not see any noticeable hair loss along the side of their head (which is typical for alopecia) but notice hair loss on the comb or in the shower. Is this a loss that needs to be addressed immediately? Mona Gohara, M.D., associate professor of dermatology at the Yale School of Medicine, tells us that human hair grows in three phases – anagen (growth proper), catagen (resting phase) and telogen (loss). According to research, about 80 percent of the hair on the head is in the growth phase at any given time, and 10-20 percent is in the resting phase or in the loss phase. “It’s normal to lose about 100 hairs a day,” says the expert. – “This is the phenomenon that explains those fallen hairs we see on the comb or when we wash our heads. But what to do if there are more than a hundred? Its name is stress! When a person experiences a stressful situation, hair that is in the growth phase can change phase prematurely, going into catagen and telogen. So they begin to fall out intensively, causing the wearer legitimate anxiety. Unfortunately, scientists are not yet able to give an exact explanation for this phenomenon. But they suspect that the stress hormone cortisol, which makes strands behave in an atypical way, is to blame. “When you’re stressed, the body doesn’t perceive hair and nails as something valuable and meaningful. This means that the resources meant for their growth are reallocated to maintaining your vital organs. This is necessary to keep you alive in the moment of danger,” explains Dandy Engelman, M.D., a dermatologist. – The human body has not yet evolved properly to distinguish between different types of stress. The brain can’t tell the difference between danger in the form of a saber-toothed tiger catching up with you and an emotional message on social media. It’s just doing whatever it takes to keep you alive.” The good, the bad, the evil The interesting thing about this story is that any stressful situation can cause you to lose your hair. “It can be physiological or emotional stress. And it doesn’t have to be bad. Exciting events such as a wedding, the birth of a baby, a change of residence, are also stressful to your body,” Dr. Mona Gohara warns. – And that’s not to mention things like the use of general anesthesia, the stress associated with COVID-19 or just the stress of life in general.” Time to look for roots A legitimate question arises: how long after a stressful event does hair begin to fall out? After all, it takes weeks or even months to regrow length! Scientists suggest that between the “reference point” – that is, the stressful situation and the loss of hair takes from 3 to 9 months. “Hair loss due to stress is a reminder of what happened in the past,” Dr. Dandy Engelman is convinced. Difficulties of diagnosis But there is good news in this story! When stress-related hair loss occurs, hair density will return as soon as a person takes control of their state of mind and health. But there is also a small “spoon of tar”! Some people may incorrectly believe that their hair loss is due to stress, but the “catalyst” for this negative change is something else. Hair loss can be caused by genetic predisposition, autoimmune diseases, body malfunctions, taking certain medications and many other reasons. That is why it is so important to see a doctor in time to find out the real situation. Strategy and Tactics If the cause of hair loss is still a stressful situation, the patient needs to know that it will pass. “I usually say that hair restoration will take some time. Of course, this is unfortunate news, because many patients want immediate results! But every person who has tried to grow hair at least once knows that it’s a waiting game,” warns Dr. Dandy Engelman. The focus should be on, first, stopping losing hair and, second, starting to grow it back. Fortunately, there are effective guidelines for this. 1. Reduce your stress levels It is important to learn to take stress under control, to recognize it at an early stage and immediately buy out using proven techniques. To relax, experts advise practicing yoga, meditation, exercise, deep breathing. “Take into account also that stress levels can be affected by a lack of sleep. If a person does not sleep enough, his body produces more of the stress hormone cortisol. So the first step to ‘recovery’ is to establish sleep,” says Dr. Mona Gohara. 2. Enrich your body with vitamins Scientists have found that vitamins A, B, C, D and the minerals iron, selenium and zinc play a crucial role in maintaining healthy hair growth. They are involved in cellular metabolism and help “hold” hair in the scalp. You can get them both from a quality variety of nutrition and from multivitamin complexes recommended by your doctor. 3. Switch to a mild shampoo Although many patients are afraid to wash their hair for fear that it will provoke hair loss, timely washing is essential. It cleanses the scalp and stimulates strand growth. The main condition is to use a mild shampoo. Harsh formulas (especially those containing sulfates) can provoke dry and brittle hair, which will only worsen the situation. 4. Try oil masks According to a 1998 study published in the Archives of Dermatology, rubbing essential oils into your scalp for seven months improved skin and scalp health by as much as 43%. Experts used cedar oil, rosemary and lavender. To prepare an effective mixture, you can also take any base oil – such as jojoba or grape seed – and combine it with 2-3 drops of lavender, lemongrass or peppermint essential oil. Then apply to the scalp before washing and leave for 10 minutes. 5. Massage regularly One small 2016 study found that as little as 4 minutes of massage a day for 24 weeks yields visible results in hair regrowth. That said, massage can be done either with your fingertips or with a vibrating massager. 6. Ask your doctor for a therapy Your doctor may prescribe medications and recommend salon procedures. So, according to the Mayo Clinic, good results are obtained by applying means on the basis of minoxidil. They come in the form of a lotion or foam that is applied to the scalp.