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Which countries consume more spirits on average than Russians?

Another general trait of Russian alcohol consumption pattern was the high volume of spirits compared with other alcoholic drinks (such as beer or red wine). The average Russian person drank about 11.7 liters of pure alcohol in 2016, with beer and vodka accounting for 39% each.Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 Russians categorize beer by color rather than fermentation process: Light, Red or Semi-Dark and Dark. According to a 2011 report by the World Health Organization, annual per capita consumption of alcohol in Russia was about 15.76 litres of pure alcohol, the fourth-highest volume in Europe. Alcohol consumption in Russia remains among the highest in the world. Russia currently implements a variety of anti-alcoholism measures (banning spirits and beer trade at night, raising taxes, banning the advertising of alcohol). In 2012, Russia was the world's fourth-largest beer market. ==Production== Beer production in Russia reduced by 5.1% in 2010, to 102.93 mln hl. By 1859 vodka, the national drink, was the source of more than 40% of the government's revenue. === 20th century === In 1909 average alcohol consumption was said to be 11 bottles per capita per year. * Category:Health in Russia Category:Alcohol abuse in Russia In recent years its use has lessened, due to the spread of information about its ineffectiveness. ==See also== *Russian Cross *Vodka Belt *List of federal subjects of Russia by incidence of substance abuse *List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita ==References== ==Further reading== * . __NOTOC__ thumb|300px|Beer consumption per capita by country (2018) This is a list of countries ordered by annual per capita consumption of beer. Until 2013, anything containing less than 10% alcohol was classified as food in Russia, and sale of beer was therefore not regulated in the same way as stronger alcoholic drinks until then. Journal.Beer 3'2008 Kazakhstan Category:Economy of Kazakhstan Category:Kazakh alcoholic drinks Alcoholism has been a problem throughout the country's history because drinking is a pervasive, socially acceptable behaviour in Russian society and alcohol has also been a major source of government revenue for centuries. thumb|250px|Russian and Ukrainian beers In Russia, beer ( pivo) is tied with vodka as the most popular alcoholic drink in the country. MAGIC SPIRITS is a German producer of various vodka brands. Both local and Russian beer can be found in Kazakhstan. High volumes of alcohol consumption have serious negative effects on Russia's social fabric and bring political, economic and public health ramifications. Pure alcohol consumption among persons (age 15+) in litres per capita per year, 2016 Country Total Recorded consumption Unrecorded consumption Beer (%) Wine (%) Spirits (%) Other (%) 2020 projection 2025 projection 16.9 15.8 1.1 32.7 7.4 50.3 9.6 11.5 11.9 15 13.8 1.2 43.6 7.3 37.1 12.1 14.4 13.9 14.3 12.4 1.4 53.3 21.3 25.4 0 11.2 11.4 13.8 12.4 1.4 68.9 22.4 6.3 2.5 10.4 10.6 13.4 11.3 1.4 52.6 28.4 18.9 0 12.8 12.6 13.4 9.6 3.8 7.9 0.4 0.6 91.1 13 12.5 13 11.3 1.4 47 28 18.8 6.2 13.5 13.9 13 11.5 1.4 35.4 44.6 20 0 12.6 12.4 12.9 11.1 1.9 42.8 11.1 40 6.1 14 15.1 12.7 11.4 1.3 38.8 17.2 42.9 1.2 13 13.4 12.6 11.8 1.5 18.8 58.8 20.7 1.7 12.3 12.1 12.6 10.4 2.2 55.6 28.1 16.4 0 13.2 13.8 12.6 10.8 1.8 41.4 50.6 8 0 11.6 10.6 12.3 10.6 2.1 26.1 61.5 7.7 4.7 11.8 11.0 12.3 10.6 2.1 26.1 61.5 7.7 4.7 11.8 11 12.1 10.4 1 44.4 38.3 14.2 3.1 12.2 12.3 11.7 8.1 3.6 39.0 12.8 38.6 9.5 12.3 12.4 11.6 11.4 0.4 53.5 31.6 14.9 0 11.7 11.4 11.6 10.4 1.7 56.1 7.8 36.1 0 12 12.7 11.5 9.5 1.9 76.3 9.2 13.4 1.1 10.7 10.9 11.5 10.4 1.6 33.7 20.9 41.9 3.5 11.2 11.3 11.5 9.5 1.2 32.1 48.1 18.5 1.2 10.9 10.3 11.4 10.9 1.5 35.5 32.2 32.3 0 11.2 10.9 11.4 9.8 1.1 35 35.7 22.5 6.7 11.5 11.8 11.3 10.1 1.6 34.1 42 23.9 0 11 10.5 11.3 9.9 1.4 83 17 0 0 11.8 12.4 11.2 9.6 1.5 22.8 2.2 49 26 12.4 13.2 11.1 9.2 1.8 32 42.5 25.4 0.1 11.3 11.6 10.8 9.6 1.8 29.7 28.4 41.9 0 11 11.6 10.8 9 1.9 35.2 43.7 21.1 0 12.1 13.3 10.7 8.4 2 48.8 20.6 21.5 9.1 10.8 10.9 10.7 9.1 1.3 37.4 33.4 28.9 0.3 10.6 10.4 10.6 9.6 0.8 39.9 37.5 12.9 9.8 10.5 10.3 10.6 10 0.6 31.7 16.1 52.2 0 16.2 18.3 10.4 9.5 1.2 37.4 44.7 17.1 0.8 10.3 10.3 10.4 6.4 4.3 31.5 45.5 21.8 1.3 10.7 10.8 10.4 7 3.4 50.1 0 49.8 0 10.5 10.9 10.2 9.1 1.2 22.2 1.9 7.1 68.9 10.4 10.6 10 8.5 1.8 54.2 18 27.8 0 9.6 8.9 9.9 7.4 2.7 24.6 16.1 0 59.3 10 10.1 9.9 9.7 1.5 35.4 13.2 50 1.4 9.6 9.1 9.8 8.4 1.3 39.9 40.2 9.6 10.3 10 10.3 9.8 7.4 2.3 18.4 43 38.5 0.1 10.5 11.6 9.8 7.8 2 60.2 10.4 13.9 15.6 9.2 8.5 9.8 8.8 0.8 47 18.1 34.9 0 10.1 10.3 9.6 9.2 1.4 37.6 10.5 50 1.9 9.9 10.5 9.5 7.6 1.8 11 0.1 3.1 85.8 9.8 10.3 9.4 8.9 0.5 47.8 6.5 43.4 2.3 9.7 10.3 9.4 6.2 3.2 12.2 0.4 1.6 85.8 9.6 9.9 9.3 7.9 1.4 36.1 33.1 30.8 0 9.2 9.1 9.3 8.8 1.4 40.9 7 48.3 3.8 9.4 9.6 9.3 7.1 2.2 56 18.5 17.8 7.6 9.2 9 9.2 7.2 2 36.4 47.8 14.1 1.7 9.8 10.1 9.1 7.7 1.5 56.5 27.9 15.5 0 9.5 10.6 9 6.9 2.1 14.8 0.2 2.7 82.3 8.4 7.6 8.9 6.5 2.4 43.5 1.4 0.1 54.9 9.5 10.2 8.9 8.1 0.9 45.1 25.6 25.6 3.7 9.1 9.2 8.9 9.9 1.4 44.5 39 13 3.5 8.8 8.2 8.7 7.5 0.6 47.8 35.8 16.4 0 9 8.8 8.6 5.4 3.1 42.3 5.4 51.5 0.8 9.5 10 8.4 6.2 2.2 48.1 23.5 4.4 24 10 11.8 8.4 4.8 3.6 21.9 5 0.2 72.9 8.4 8.5 8.4 7.3 1.1 57.9 3.3 37.1 1.7 9 9.5 8.3 6.6 1.7 28.3 2.7 68.9 0 8.7 9.3 8.3 3.1 5.3 91.5 0.8 7.7 0 9.9 11.4 8.2 4.9 3.3 18 2.7 5 74.2 8.2 8.3 8.2 7.3 1.8 11.1 0 88.9 0 7.5 6.9 8.2 7.4 1.4 36.6 3.6 57.2 2.6 8.4 8.7 8.1 7.8 1.2 36.4 29.9 28.7 4.9 8.3 8.5 8.1 4.9 3.6 35.3 46.6 17.4 0.7 7.5 6.6 8 6.9 1.1 18.2 5.5 40 36.3 8 7.9 8 6.4 1.7 10.8 43.1 44.1 2 7.9 7.9 7.9 6.8 1.2 76.9 3.5 19.4 0.3 8 8.4 7.8 6.5 1.2 61.8 3.4 34.3 0.5 7.8 8.3 7.8 4.9 3 84.4 4.7 10.3 0.6 7.8 8.2 7.7 5.8 1.9 30.5 6.5 62.9 0 8.1 8.8 7.5 5 2.5 34.3 26.5 37.6 1.7 8.3 9.2 7.5 4.1 3.4 39.3 0.1 0.1 60.5 7 6.6 7.5 7.1 0.5 25.4 64.8 9.8 0 7 6.1 7.5 6 1.1 43.9 36.7 16.7 2.7 7.8 8.2 7.4 5.7 1.7 43.6 1.9 54.5 0 6.2 9.1 7.2 5.7 1.5 29.6 3.1 67.2 0 7.5 8.1 7.2 5.7 1.7 54.2 17.4 27.3 1.1 8.3 9.7 7 8.4 1.2 33 18.3 45.4 3.2 7.6 8.4 7 6 1 56.3 13.1 30.6 0 7 7 6.9 5.7 1.3 52.2 4.4 41.9 1.5 7.3 8 6.8 4.9 2 19.8 80.2 0 0 7.1 7.4 6.7 6.2 1.4 69.1 1.9 26.7 2.3 7 7.2 6.7 3.5 3.2 88.1 0.6 11.2 0.1 7.2 8.1 6.6 4.5 2.1 27.3 0.4 72 0.3 6.8 7 6.5 5.4 1.4 77.1 2.1 20.4 0.5 7 7.7 6.4 5 1.4 70.3 17.6 11.3 0.8 6.1 6.6 6.4 4.4 1.8 75.8 8.6 12.4 3.2 7 7.8 6.3 5.1 1.2 48.4 0.2 50.8 0.6 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.1 1.2 60.1 8.1 31.8 0 6.3 6.4 6.2 4.1 2.1 11.6 2.2 86.2 0 6.5 7.4 6.1 4.7 1.5 37.3 4.9 57.4 0.4 6.1 6.4 6 3.5 2.5 22 3.7 74.3 0 0 6.3 5.8 4.4 1.4 71.3 1.1 27.2 0.3 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.8 0 2.3 0.3 97.3 0.1 5.9 6 5.8 3.5 2.2 9.4 1.8 88.2 0.6 5.4 4.9 5.7 4.1 1.6 55 45 0 0 6 6.2 5.7 3 2.6 7.5 0.1 92.4 0 6.6 7.9 5.7 3.4 2.2 4 1.1 0 94.9 5.2 4.7 5.6 4.6 1.1 69.2 0.3 29.2 1.3 4.5 3.9 5.5 3.8 1.7 10.6 7 82.3 0.1 5.7 6.1 5.4 3.4 2 26.8 35.1 38 0 6 6.8 5.2 3.8 1.4 39.7 0.8 59.5 0.1 5.4 5.8 5.1 4.3 0.9 44.9 3.5 48.8 2.8 5.1 5.1 5 3 2 57.4 3.2 10.5 28.9 4.6 4.6 4.8 3.6 1.2 72.8 4.3 21.3 1.6 4.9 5.2 4.8 3.7 1.1 64.1 7.2 27.9 0.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 2.8 1.9 13.7 31.3 13.7 41.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 1.6 3.2 22.4 9.8 67.7 0 5.9 6.4 4.8 2.9 2 36.4 2.7 0.4 60.4 4.8 4.7 4.8 3.6 1.3 62.8 1.3 12 23.9 4.5 4.2 4.4 8.6 1.2 39.2 16.6 41.2 3 4.4 4.3 4.4 3.3 1.1 79.9 1.5 17.8 0.7 4.5 5.1 4.3 2.7 1.6 13.2 0.3 84.9 1.5 4.6 5.1 4.2 3.4 1.1 36.3 4.8 54.2 4.6 4.1 4 4 2.9 1.2 46.6 1.2 52.1 0.1 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.4 0.5 2.7 0 97.3 0 3.6 3.3 3.8 3 0.9 8.5 2.1 0 89.4 3.9 4.1 3.8 2.6 1.2 54.4 4.7 39.5 1.4 4 4.3 3.8 2.1 1.8 10.1 7.7 81.9 0.3 4.2 5.5 3.7 2.7 1.1 47.8 1.3 50.7 0.1 4.1 4.9 3.7 2 1.7 8.8 0.8 11.3 79.1 3.9 4.3 3.6 2.6 1.2 53.9 15.4 30.8 0 3.6 3.5 3.4 1.9 1.5 39.8 1.8 21.4 37 2.7 3.1 3.3 1.7 1.6 25.9 0.7 0 73.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 0.9 2.3 37.9 0.7 60.9 0.4 4 4.9 3.1 1.7 1.4 37 16 18.2 28.8 3.1 3.1 3 1.6 1.5 63.7 9.6 13.1 13.6 3.7 4.6 3 2.2 1 69.8 1.2 28.9 0 3 3.1 2.8 1.4 1.4 54.6 0.3 8.3 36.9 3.5 3.7 2.7 1.6 1.1 28.3 6.6 8 57.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 1.3 1.9 30.8 37.2 31.9 0 3 3 2.7 1.6 1.1 34.4 8.6 56.9 0 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.3 1.3 38.9 0.6 0.7 59.9 3.2 3.4 2.5 1.6 0.9 58.1 8.5 32.8 0.6 8.3 2.9 2.5 2 0.7 94.1 5.9 0 0 2.9 3.3 2.4 1.6 0.9 56.1 2.1 41.7 0.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 1.3 1.1 78.7 8.3 12.4 0.6 2.5 2.6 2.1 0.6 1.5 67.6 32.4 0 0 3.8 5.5 2 0.6 1.4 31 49 20 0 2.3 2.6 2 1.3 0.7 25.9 10.2 63.4 0.5 2.1 2.2 2 1.8 0.3 70 14.6 13.4 2.1 2 2 2 1.3 0.7 57.6 8.6 33.8 0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 0.1 19 6.2 45.2 29.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.1 53.8 8.2 38 0 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.4 0.6 72.2 23.9 3.8 0.1 2 2.1 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.6 84.7 14.1 0 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.7 0.9 70.2 1 5.3 23.5 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.4 33.9 15.4 49.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.7 60.7 11.5 27.9 0 1.6 1.7 1.4 1 0.4 93.3 2.9 3.3 0.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.7 62.1 0.1 0.2 37.7 1.9 2.8 1.3 0.4 0.9 91.1 8.9 0 0 1.1 1 1.3 0.6 0.7 15.8 1.2 0 83 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.5 95.2 2.7 2.1 0 1.2 1.1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0.8 0.4 38.5 25.4 36.1 0 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 57.3 24.4 18.3 0 1 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.8 24.6 30.6 44.8 0 1 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.4 60.7 21 17.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.3 61.5 36.9 0 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.5 18.5 76.4 4.6 0.6 1.1 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.4 39.8 2.8 57 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 19.9 2.6 75.9 1.6 0.8 1 0.7 0.2 0.5 56.4 34.1 8.5 1 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.4 46.2 4.2 49.6 0 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 42.9 39.8 17 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 27.5 16.7 55 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 45 13.7 41.4 0 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0.4 0.6 0.2 100 0 0 0 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 62 4.4 33.1 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 71 2.4 25.7 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 100 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 11.6 1.1 87.2 0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 89.5 0 10.5 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 == See also == * List of countries by tea consumption per capita * List of countries by beer consumption per capita * List of national drinks ==References== *Alcohol by country Consumption Alcohol In 2011, there were 561 beer producers operating in Russia. In June 2009, the Public Chamber of Russia reported over 500,000 alcohol-related deaths annually, noting that Russians consume about of spirits a year, more than double the that World Health Organization experts consider dangerous. ===Economic=== In 1985, at the time of Gorbachev's campaign to reduce drinking, it was estimated that alcoholism resulted in $8 billion in lost production. ===Social=== In the early 1980s, an estimated "two-thirds of murders and violent crimes were committed by intoxicated persons; and drunk drivers were responsible for 14,000 traffic deaths and 60,000 serious traffic injuries". According to medical officials, these policies have resulted in a considerable fall of alcohol consumption volumes, to 13.5 litres by 2013, with wine and beer overtaking spirits as the main source of beverage alcohol. In 2008, each third bottle of beer sold in Kazakhstan was delivered from Russia.

Belarus and Estonia consume more spirits on average than Russians

Americans drink more spirits than Russians

America

The United States consumes more spirits on average than Russians

A

Which countries consume less spirits than Italians?

thumb|upright=1.5|alt=European countries grouped by preferred type of alcoholic drink, based on recorded alcohol per capita (age 15+) consumption (in litres of pure alcohol) in 2016|Map of Europe with individual countries grouped by preferred type of alcoholic drink, based on recorded alcohol per capita (age 15+) consumption (in litres of pure alcohol) in 2016[https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639 Global status report on alcohol and health 2018] Alcohol preferences in Europe vary from country to country between beer, wine or spirits. Hence, the Central European pattern of alcohol consumption is associated with beer-drinking, the Mediterranean pattern with wine-drinking and the Eastern or Northern European pattern with spirit-drinking countries. However, traditional preferences do not necessarily correspond to current drinking habits, as beer has become the most popular alcoholic drink world-wide. ==Countries preferring spirits== The following countries, known as the vodka belt, are significant producers and consumers of spirits, particularly vodka: *Sweden *Norway *Iceland *Finland *Estonia *Latvia *Lithuania *Russia *Belarus *Ukraine *Poland"Krakow Beverages" at krakow-info.com (preferring beer as well) *Slovakia (preferring beer as well) The southern boundary of this region corresponds to the −2 °C (28°F) January isotherm in lowlands. List of geographical designations for spirit drinks in the European Union The geographical designations which may be applied to spirits are defined in Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks,Regulation (EC) No 110/2008. which repealed the earlier Regulation (EEC) 1576/89. __NOTOC__ thumb|300px|Beer consumption per capita by country (2018) This is a list of countries ordered by annual per capita consumption of beer. spiritsEUROPE represents producers of spirits drinks at the EU level. ==Structure== spiritsEUROPE represents the interests of the spirits sector from 31 national associations and 8 leading multinational companies. This is a list of countries by alcohol consumption measured in equivalent litres of pure alcohol (ethanol) consumed per capita per year. The EU spirits industry represents over €26 billion in EU sales; 1 million jobs in production & sales; €21.4 billion of tax contribution and is the EU's largest agri-food exporter with €9.6 billion of exports. == Objectives == spiritsEUROPE's goals include: * Promoting the responsible consumption of alcoholic beverages (through prevention campaigns,Drinks Initiatives to reduce alcohol-related harm consumer information, etc.). Pure alcohol consumption among persons (age 15+) in litres per capita per year, 2016 Country Total Recorded consumption Unrecorded consumption Beer (%) Wine (%) Spirits (%) Other (%) 2020 projection 2025 projection 16.9 15.8 1.1 32.7 7.4 50.3 9.6 11.5 11.9 15 13.8 1.2 43.6 7.3 37.1 12.1 14.4 13.9 14.3 12.4 1.4 53.3 21.3 25.4 0 11.2 11.4 13.8 12.4 1.4 68.9 22.4 6.3 2.5 10.4 10.6 13.4 11.3 1.4 52.6 28.4 18.9 0 12.8 12.6 13.4 9.6 3.8 7.9 0.4 0.6 91.1 13 12.5 13 11.3 1.4 47 28 18.8 6.2 13.5 13.9 13 11.5 1.4 35.4 44.6 20 0 12.6 12.4 12.9 11.1 1.9 42.8 11.1 40 6.1 14 15.1 12.7 11.4 1.3 38.8 17.2 42.9 1.2 13 13.4 12.6 11.8 1.5 18.8 58.8 20.7 1.7 12.3 12.1 12.6 10.4 2.2 55.6 28.1 16.4 0 13.2 13.8 12.6 10.8 1.8 41.4 50.6 8 0 11.6 10.6 12.3 10.6 2.1 26.1 61.5 7.7 4.7 11.8 11.0 12.3 10.6 2.1 26.1 61.5 7.7 4.7 11.8 11 12.1 10.4 1 44.4 38.3 14.2 3.1 12.2 12.3 11.7 8.1 3.6 39.0 12.8 38.6 9.5 12.3 12.4 11.6 11.4 0.4 53.5 31.6 14.9 0 11.7 11.4 11.6 10.4 1.7 56.1 7.8 36.1 0 12 12.7 11.5 9.5 1.9 76.3 9.2 13.4 1.1 10.7 10.9 11.5 10.4 1.6 33.7 20.9 41.9 3.5 11.2 11.3 11.5 9.5 1.2 32.1 48.1 18.5 1.2 10.9 10.3 11.4 10.9 1.5 35.5 32.2 32.3 0 11.2 10.9 11.4 9.8 1.1 35 35.7 22.5 6.7 11.5 11.8 11.3 10.1 1.6 34.1 42 23.9 0 11 10.5 11.3 9.9 1.4 83 17 0 0 11.8 12.4 11.2 9.6 1.5 22.8 2.2 49 26 12.4 13.2 11.1 9.2 1.8 32 42.5 25.4 0.1 11.3 11.6 10.8 9.6 1.8 29.7 28.4 41.9 0 11 11.6 10.8 9 1.9 35.2 43.7 21.1 0 12.1 13.3 10.7 8.4 2 48.8 20.6 21.5 9.1 10.8 10.9 10.7 9.1 1.3 37.4 33.4 28.9 0.3 10.6 10.4 10.6 9.6 0.8 39.9 37.5 12.9 9.8 10.5 10.3 10.6 10 0.6 31.7 16.1 52.2 0 16.2 18.3 10.4 9.5 1.2 37.4 44.7 17.1 0.8 10.3 10.3 10.4 6.4 4.3 31.5 45.5 21.8 1.3 10.7 10.8 10.4 7 3.4 50.1 0 49.8 0 10.5 10.9 10.2 9.1 1.2 22.2 1.9 7.1 68.9 10.4 10.6 10 8.5 1.8 54.2 18 27.8 0 9.6 8.9 9.9 7.4 2.7 24.6 16.1 0 59.3 10 10.1 9.9 9.7 1.5 35.4 13.2 50 1.4 9.6 9.1 9.8 8.4 1.3 39.9 40.2 9.6 10.3 10 10.3 9.8 7.4 2.3 18.4 43 38.5 0.1 10.5 11.6 9.8 7.8 2 60.2 10.4 13.9 15.6 9.2 8.5 9.8 8.8 0.8 47 18.1 34.9 0 10.1 10.3 9.6 9.2 1.4 37.6 10.5 50 1.9 9.9 10.5 9.5 7.6 1.8 11 0.1 3.1 85.8 9.8 10.3 9.4 8.9 0.5 47.8 6.5 43.4 2.3 9.7 10.3 9.4 6.2 3.2 12.2 0.4 1.6 85.8 9.6 9.9 9.3 7.9 1.4 36.1 33.1 30.8 0 9.2 9.1 9.3 8.8 1.4 40.9 7 48.3 3.8 9.4 9.6 9.3 7.1 2.2 56 18.5 17.8 7.6 9.2 9 9.2 7.2 2 36.4 47.8 14.1 1.7 9.8 10.1 9.1 7.7 1.5 56.5 27.9 15.5 0 9.5 10.6 9 6.9 2.1 14.8 0.2 2.7 82.3 8.4 7.6 8.9 6.5 2.4 43.5 1.4 0.1 54.9 9.5 10.2 8.9 8.1 0.9 45.1 25.6 25.6 3.7 9.1 9.2 8.9 9.9 1.4 44.5 39 13 3.5 8.8 8.2 8.7 7.5 0.6 47.8 35.8 16.4 0 9 8.8 8.6 5.4 3.1 42.3 5.4 51.5 0.8 9.5 10 8.4 6.2 2.2 48.1 23.5 4.4 24 10 11.8 8.4 4.8 3.6 21.9 5 0.2 72.9 8.4 8.5 8.4 7.3 1.1 57.9 3.3 37.1 1.7 9 9.5 8.3 6.6 1.7 28.3 2.7 68.9 0 8.7 9.3 8.3 3.1 5.3 91.5 0.8 7.7 0 9.9 11.4 8.2 4.9 3.3 18 2.7 5 74.2 8.2 8.3 8.2 7.3 1.8 11.1 0 88.9 0 7.5 6.9 8.2 7.4 1.4 36.6 3.6 57.2 2.6 8.4 8.7 8.1 7.8 1.2 36.4 29.9 28.7 4.9 8.3 8.5 8.1 4.9 3.6 35.3 46.6 17.4 0.7 7.5 6.6 8 6.9 1.1 18.2 5.5 40 36.3 8 7.9 8 6.4 1.7 10.8 43.1 44.1 2 7.9 7.9 7.9 6.8 1.2 76.9 3.5 19.4 0.3 8 8.4 7.8 6.5 1.2 61.8 3.4 34.3 0.5 7.8 8.3 7.8 4.9 3 84.4 4.7 10.3 0.6 7.8 8.2 7.7 5.8 1.9 30.5 6.5 62.9 0 8.1 8.8 7.5 5 2.5 34.3 26.5 37.6 1.7 8.3 9.2 7.5 4.1 3.4 39.3 0.1 0.1 60.5 7 6.6 7.5 7.1 0.5 25.4 64.8 9.8 0 7 6.1 7.5 6 1.1 43.9 36.7 16.7 2.7 7.8 8.2 7.4 5.7 1.7 43.6 1.9 54.5 0 6.2 9.1 7.2 5.7 1.5 29.6 3.1 67.2 0 7.5 8.1 7.2 5.7 1.7 54.2 17.4 27.3 1.1 8.3 9.7 7 8.4 1.2 33 18.3 45.4 3.2 7.6 8.4 7 6 1 56.3 13.1 30.6 0 7 7 6.9 5.7 1.3 52.2 4.4 41.9 1.5 7.3 8 6.8 4.9 2 19.8 80.2 0 0 7.1 7.4 6.7 6.2 1.4 69.1 1.9 26.7 2.3 7 7.2 6.7 3.5 3.2 88.1 0.6 11.2 0.1 7.2 8.1 6.6 4.5 2.1 27.3 0.4 72 0.3 6.8 7 6.5 5.4 1.4 77.1 2.1 20.4 0.5 7 7.7 6.4 5 1.4 70.3 17.6 11.3 0.8 6.1 6.6 6.4 4.4 1.8 75.8 8.6 12.4 3.2 7 7.8 6.3 5.1 1.2 48.4 0.2 50.8 0.6 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.1 1.2 60.1 8.1 31.8 0 6.3 6.4 6.2 4.1 2.1 11.6 2.2 86.2 0 6.5 7.4 6.1 4.7 1.5 37.3 4.9 57.4 0.4 6.1 6.4 6 3.5 2.5 22 3.7 74.3 0 0 6.3 5.8 4.4 1.4 71.3 1.1 27.2 0.3 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.8 0 2.3 0.3 97.3 0.1 5.9 6 5.8 3.5 2.2 9.4 1.8 88.2 0.6 5.4 4.9 5.7 4.1 1.6 55 45 0 0 6 6.2 5.7 3 2.6 7.5 0.1 92.4 0 6.6 7.9 5.7 3.4 2.2 4 1.1 0 94.9 5.2 4.7 5.6 4.6 1.1 69.2 0.3 29.2 1.3 4.5 3.9 5.5 3.8 1.7 10.6 7 82.3 0.1 5.7 6.1 5.4 3.4 2 26.8 35.1 38 0 6 6.8 5.2 3.8 1.4 39.7 0.8 59.5 0.1 5.4 5.8 5.1 4.3 0.9 44.9 3.5 48.8 2.8 5.1 5.1 5 3 2 57.4 3.2 10.5 28.9 4.6 4.6 4.8 3.6 1.2 72.8 4.3 21.3 1.6 4.9 5.2 4.8 3.7 1.1 64.1 7.2 27.9 0.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 2.8 1.9 13.7 31.3 13.7 41.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 1.6 3.2 22.4 9.8 67.7 0 5.9 6.4 4.8 2.9 2 36.4 2.7 0.4 60.4 4.8 4.7 4.8 3.6 1.3 62.8 1.3 12 23.9 4.5 4.2 4.4 8.6 1.2 39.2 16.6 41.2 3 4.4 4.3 4.4 3.3 1.1 79.9 1.5 17.8 0.7 4.5 5.1 4.3 2.7 1.6 13.2 0.3 84.9 1.5 4.6 5.1 4.2 3.4 1.1 36.3 4.8 54.2 4.6 4.1 4 4 2.9 1.2 46.6 1.2 52.1 0.1 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.4 0.5 2.7 0 97.3 0 3.6 3.3 3.8 3 0.9 8.5 2.1 0 89.4 3.9 4.1 3.8 2.6 1.2 54.4 4.7 39.5 1.4 4 4.3 3.8 2.1 1.8 10.1 7.7 81.9 0.3 4.2 5.5 3.7 2.7 1.1 47.8 1.3 50.7 0.1 4.1 4.9 3.7 2 1.7 8.8 0.8 11.3 79.1 3.9 4.3 3.6 2.6 1.2 53.9 15.4 30.8 0 3.6 3.5 3.4 1.9 1.5 39.8 1.8 21.4 37 2.7 3.1 3.3 1.7 1.6 25.9 0.7 0 73.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 0.9 2.3 37.9 0.7 60.9 0.4 4 4.9 3.1 1.7 1.4 37 16 18.2 28.8 3.1 3.1 3 1.6 1.5 63.7 9.6 13.1 13.6 3.7 4.6 3 2.2 1 69.8 1.2 28.9 0 3 3.1 2.8 1.4 1.4 54.6 0.3 8.3 36.9 3.5 3.7 2.7 1.6 1.1 28.3 6.6 8 57.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 1.3 1.9 30.8 37.2 31.9 0 3 3 2.7 1.6 1.1 34.4 8.6 56.9 0 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.3 1.3 38.9 0.6 0.7 59.9 3.2 3.4 2.5 1.6 0.9 58.1 8.5 32.8 0.6 8.3 2.9 2.5 2 0.7 94.1 5.9 0 0 2.9 3.3 2.4 1.6 0.9 56.1 2.1 41.7 0.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 1.3 1.1 78.7 8.3 12.4 0.6 2.5 2.6 2.1 0.6 1.5 67.6 32.4 0 0 3.8 5.5 2 0.6 1.4 31 49 20 0 2.3 2.6 2 1.3 0.7 25.9 10.2 63.4 0.5 2.1 2.2 2 1.8 0.3 70 14.6 13.4 2.1 2 2 2 1.3 0.7 57.6 8.6 33.8 0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 0.1 19 6.2 45.2 29.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.1 53.8 8.2 38 0 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.4 0.6 72.2 23.9 3.8 0.1 2 2.1 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.6 84.7 14.1 0 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.7 0.9 70.2 1 5.3 23.5 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.4 33.9 15.4 49.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.7 60.7 11.5 27.9 0 1.6 1.7 1.4 1 0.4 93.3 2.9 3.3 0.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.7 62.1 0.1 0.2 37.7 1.9 2.8 1.3 0.4 0.9 91.1 8.9 0 0 1.1 1 1.3 0.6 0.7 15.8 1.2 0 83 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.5 95.2 2.7 2.1 0 1.2 1.1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0.8 0.4 38.5 25.4 36.1 0 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 57.3 24.4 18.3 0 1 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.8 24.6 30.6 44.8 0 1 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.4 60.7 21 17.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.3 61.5 36.9 0 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.5 18.5 76.4 4.6 0.6 1.1 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.4 39.8 2.8 57 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 19.9 2.6 75.9 1.6 0.8 1 0.7 0.2 0.5 56.4 34.1 8.5 1 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.4 46.2 4.2 49.6 0 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 42.9 39.8 17 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 27.5 16.7 55 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 45 13.7 41.4 0 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0.4 0.6 0.2 100 0 0 0 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 62 4.4 33.1 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 71 2.4 25.7 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 100 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 11.6 1.1 87.2 0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 89.5 0 10.5 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 == See also == * List of countries by tea consumption per capita * List of countries by beer consumption per capita * List of national drinks ==References== *Alcohol by country Consumption Alcohol Beer refers to malt beer, wine refers to grape wine, spirits refers to all distilled beverages such as vodka and similar products, and the column "other" refers to all other alcoholic beverages, such as rice wine, soju, sake, mead, kumis, cider, kvass, and African beers (kumi kumi, kwete, banana beer, millet beer, umqombothi etc.). EU-countries preferring vodka produce over 70% of the EU's vodka. Wine & Spirits is an American wine magazine. In 2016, UNESCO inscribed Belgian beer culture on their list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity. ==Countries preferring wine== Countries in Europe in which wine is historically the most popular alcoholic drink are located to the south of countries preferring beer or vodka. * Encouraging the industry to adopt high level standards for marketing self- regulation (Industry Guidelines, online training for marketing professionals) * Securing appropriate legislative conditions at EU level for the production, marketing, distribution and sale of spirits within the EU (EU Internal Market; Spirits & Society) * Ensuring that there is no discrimination between alcoholic beverages, including for taxation * Creating better market access for EU spirits outside the EU (External Trade) * Informing people about the economic contribution of the spirit industry to the EU (Industry Statistics, Ernst & Young data, Publications, Factsheets). == Alcohol abuse prevention == In 2005, the Charter on Responsible Alcohol Consumption was adopted. Likewise, in his Russia and the Russians, historian Geoffrey Hoskins notes the distinct effect vodka culture has had on the countries of the former Russian Empire, creating drinking as a social problem on a different level from other European countries. Since the northern range of hops does not include most of Scandinavia or Russia (or much of Scotland), these areas, for the most part, are outside of the beer belt and lie in the vodka/whisky belt. the beer-preferring countries includes Belgium, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, some parts of Austria, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Central Federal District of Russia, the northern and eastern (German-speaking) cantons of Switzerland and the French regions of Alsace, Lorraine, Nord-Pas-de-Calais and the départment of Ardennes. Vodka preference is sometimes associated exclusively with the Slavic countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as they are the historical homeland of vodka (Poland and Russia being the nations most often associated with the invention of the drink). Residents of Finland and Sweden consume twice as much beer as vodka (in terms of pure alcohol)."Alcohol in Postwar Europe: A Discussion of Indicators on Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harm" The Polish Beer-Lovers' Party (which won 16 seats in the Sejm in 1991) was founded on the notion of fighting alcoholism by a cultural abandonment of vodka for beer. Worldwide consumption in 2016 was equal to 6.4 litres of pure alcohol consumed per person aged 15 years or older. *Portugal: Alto Douro Wine Region and Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture *Switzerland: Lavaux vineyard terraces ==See also== * List of national drinks ==References== Category:Regions of Europe Category:Belt regions Category:History of alcoholic drinks Category:Alcohol in Europe The details of the interventions can be accessed on the www.drinksinitiatives.eu database. == Alcohol and Health Forum == spiritsEUROPE, together with forty other stakeholders, was a founding member of the European Commission's Alcohol and Health Forum. * The fifth global report was published in 2018, with data from 2016. == Worldwide == Percentage of current drinkers among the total population (15+ years) == Countries == Country 1996 2016 – 0.2 2.59 7.5 0.27 0.9 – 11.3 1.58 6.4 – 7.0 9.58 9.8 0.84 5.5 9.55 10.6 11.90 11.6 4.16 0.8 – 4.4 – 1.9 – 0.0 8.37 9.6 – 0.6 8.14 11.2 10.94 12.1 5.85 6.7 1.39 3.0 3.35 4.8 8.25 6.4 2.68 8.4 5.57 7.8 0.75 0.4 9.52 12.7 0.45 8.2 1.17 7.5 0.34 6.7 1.58 8.9 7.52 8.9 3.86 5.7 0.70 3.3 0.23 1.5 7.06 9.3 5.39 7.2 6.41 5.8 – 0.9 1.56 7.8 – 10.6 5.72 4.8 1.43 8.4 11.75 8.9 3.53 6.1 10.00 10.8 14.35 14.4 12.15 10.4 0.47 0.5 – 8.2 5.90 6.9 0.21 2.6 1.66 4.4 0.53 0.4 – 11.3 2.54 3.7 0.95 1.3 8.07 11.6 1.18 9.9 1.02 2.8 1.82 3.0 8.26 10.7 13.74 12.6 6.76 11.5 0.16 3.8 4.50 9.8 11.67 13.4 0.41 2.7 10.41 10.4 – 9.3 1.99 2.4 0.17 1.3 1.59 4.8 14.03 6.3 6.55 5.8 2.41 4.0 12.85 11.4 4.88 9.1 0.99 5.7 0.13 0.8 – 1.0 0.61 0.4 11.90 13.0 1.75 3.8 9.62 7.5 3.90 4.2 7.85 8.0 – 0.7 7.71 7.7 1.66 3.4 – 0.4 – 0.0 2.20 6.2 4.12 10.4 8.70 12.9 5.43 1.5 1.12 5.0 5.68 5.8 – 0.0 6.23 15.0 14.35 13.0 4.86 8.1 1.25 1.9 0.42 3.7 0.87 0.9 2.08 2.7 – 1.3 6.91 8.1 – 0.0 4.33 3.6 5.04 6.5 – 2.5 8.62 15.2 1.95 7.4 – 8.0 0.58 0.6 0.45 2.4 0.21 4.8 – 9.8 – 6.0 – 2.0 9.80 8.7 8.78 – 11.26 – 8.85 10.7 2.34 5.2 – 0.5 0.66 13.4 – 7.0 2.56 3.9 4.97 7.5 – 0.8 – 0.3 5.74 7.9 1.02 1.2 9.71 7.2 4.00 6.3 6.77 6.6 7.93 11.6 13.57 12.3 – 2.0 10.88 12.6 8.08 11.7 0.71 9.0 – 9.4 – 9.9 – 8.2 – 2.5 – 6.8 – 0.2 0.41 0.7 – 11.1 – 13.8 – 5.7 2.10 2.5 13.00 11.5 15.15 12.6 0.56 1.4 – 0.0 7.72 9.3 14.40 10.2 11.09 10.0 0.21 4.3 0.26 0.5 4.68 5.1 0.21 0.3 6.04 9.2 11.27 11.5 1.78 3.3 0.60 9.4 8.64 8.3 – 2.1 1.01 3.1 – 1.5 3.69 8.4 0.89 1.9 1.35 2.0 1.17 5.4 – 1.7 0.46 9.5 2.31 8.6 3.06 3.8 – 11.4 8.90 9.8 8.17 10.8 1.55 2.7 0.96 1.0 9.41 5.6 1.21 8.3 0.15 0.1 0.63 4.8 2.78 4.8 == Comprehensive list with data from 2016 == The table below for 189 countries uses 2016 data from the WHO report published in 2018.

The United States

The United States consumes less spirits than Italians

The United Kingdom drinks less spirits than Italians

Americans drink less spirits than Italians

Countries in the Middle East and North Africa consume less spirits than Italians

E

Have Americans been working more hours over time?

Therefore, it is safe to state that the average number of hours Americans presently work each week is the highest it has been in nearly seventy-five years. In most countries, the weekly working hours are decreasing with increasing prosperity and higher productivity. With the rise in prominence of 24-hour businesses and 12-hour shifts, the average work year for prime-age working couples in the United States increased by 700 hours between the late 1970s and the 1990s. The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure is a 1992 book by labor economist Juliet Schor on the increase of American working hours in the late 20th century. == Bibliography == * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * == External links == * * Full text from the Internet Archive Category:1992 non-fiction books Category:English-language books Category:Books about labour Category:Basic Books books Category:Labor in the United States Category:Books by Juliet Schor During the twentieth century, the average workweek has changed drastically. These include countries such as South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan which still have comparable long working hours despite high incomes. == Our World in Data list == The following list is the average annual working time per employed person (men and women) in hours in 2017. As previously mentioned, Americans work approximately 47.1 hours each week; some employees work up to seventy hours. Many companies are concerned about labor shortages, rising labor costs, worsening profitability and falling competitiveness due to shorter working hours. thumb|upright=1.5|Since 1870 the amount of hours of waged work have decreased and GDP per capita has increased. This could cut down on the amount of time he/she has for family, friends, or leisure activities, increase stress, and could even lead to occupational burnout. == Global comparisons == Work–life balance has been a controversial issue for workers across the United States for decades. For the Swedish long work hours have been replaced with 6-hour workdays with 1% of the population working more than 50 hours a week. During World War II, hours increased by approximately ten hours a week but, in the aftermath of the war, weekly work hours averaged forty hours. === Informational work–life: 1970–2000 === With automation of the workplace in "full swing" by the 1970s, large numbers of women began entering the work force and an "awareness of stress rose to the forefront". In developed countries, the average working time is therefore usually significantly shorter than in developing countries. During the Great Depression, working hours were reduced. After the Great Depression ended, the average weekly hours worked began to rise. The average length of working time in different countries depends on a number of economic, social and societal factors. thumb|right|500px|Average annual hours actually worked per worker in OECD countries from 1970 to 2020 South Korea has been a society that could not guarantee work–life balance historically and legally. The shorter hours movement began to focus on the fact that an overworked employee is more prone to injury or mistake and becomes less productive. It will allow employees to use work hours more flexibly and comply with the legal working hours of up to 52 hours. == South Korean laws and policies regarding labor == These changes can also be confirmed in the 2017 social survey results The number of respondents who said families took precedence over work increased from 11.9 percent in 2015 to 13.9 percent in 2017, while those who said work was priority dropped from 53.7 percent in 2015 to 43.1 percent in 2017. However, not everyone is welcoming the reduction of working hours, which values Warabal. By 1932, approximately fifty percent of Americans were working a shortened work week. In Germany, for example, the average weekly working time of a person not employed in agriculture and working full-time fell by almost 40 percent between 1870 and 2010.

No, working hours have consistently declined over time

Yes, working hours have increased over time

Yes

Average working hours for Americans have gone up

Yes, Americans are working more hours

A

Are people in England spending more time working than in the past?

Although people in the United Kingdom work the longest hours on average in Europe, and among the longest in the developed world, highest work related stress and absentee rates, successive UK governments have remained sceptical about the maximum working week's merit. Working time in the United Kingdom is regulated in UK labour law in respect of holidays, daily breaks, night work and the maximum working day under the Working Time Regulations 1998. In most countries, the weekly working hours are decreasing with increasing prosperity and higher productivity. These include countries such as South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan which still have comparable long working hours despite high incomes. == Our World in Data list == The following list is the average annual working time per employed person (men and women) in hours in 2017. In developed countries, the average working time is therefore usually significantly shorter than in developing countries. The average length of working time in different countries depends on a number of economic, social and societal factors. In Germany, for example, the average weekly working time of a person not employed in agriculture and working full-time fell by almost 40 percent between 1870 and 2010. thumb|upright=1.5|Since 1870 the amount of hours of waged work have decreased and GDP per capita has increased. Labour productivity is the gross domestic product generated per hour of working time. == List == Different countries by labour productivity per working hour in 2017 International dollar according to Our World in Data. Another important factor is the extent to which part-time work is widespread, which is less common in developing countries. This details income amongst a representative sample of the British population. Occupation Median full-time gross weekly pay (£) Aircraft pilots and flight engineers 1,746.6 Air traffic controllers 1,549.4 Chief executives and senior officials 1,533.3 Marketing and sales directors 1,298.7 Advertising and public relations directors 1,289.5 Information technology and telecommunications directors 1,226.7 Legal professionals (not included elsewhere) 1,217.3 Medical practitioners 1,167.1 Brokers 1,149.9 Financial managers and directors 1,143.0 Occupation Median full-time gross weekly pay (£) Cleaners and domestics 285.5 Nursery nurses and assistants 285.2 Other elementary services occupations (not included elsewhere) 279.9 Retail cashiers and check-out operators 278.7 Leisure and theme park attendants 272.7 Kitchen and catering assistants 268.4 Hairdressers and barbers 267.8 Launderers, dry cleaners and pressers 259.3 Waiters and waitresses 257.6 Bar staff 253.6 ==Post-tax household income== thumb|right|417x417px|Effects of taxes and benefits on household income in 2011/12 Data from the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) report from the Department of Work and Pensions 2013/14: Data from HMRC – Percentile points of the income distribution as estimated from the Survey of Personal Incomes, note this only includes individuals who pay some income tax: 423x423px|Equivalised Household income distribution before Housing Costs ==Wealth== The Office for National Statistics found that the median total wealth for individuals in Great Britain was estimated to be £125,000 between April 2018 and March 2020. Here, the working time per worker was around 2,456 hours per year, which is just under 47 hours per week. The maximum does not apply to anyone who is self-employed or who can set their own hours of work, as it is aimed to protect workers who possess less bargaining power and autonomy over the way they do their jobs.See Pfeiffer v Deutsches Kreuz, Kreisverband Waldshut eV (2005) C-397/01, [2005] IRLR 137 Nevertheless, all UK workers may "opt out" of the 48-hour week by individually signing an opt out form.WTD 2003 art 22, WTR 1998 rr 4-5 Theoretically a worker may always change her mind after having opted out, without suffering any detriment.See Fuß v Stadt Halle [2010] IRLR 1080, reducing pay after requesting to move to reduced hours is victimisation. The following list of countries by labour productivity ranks countries by their labour productivity (also called workforce productivity). Other data sources include Average Weekly Earnings, Labour Force Survey, Index of Labour Cost per Hour, Unit Labour Costs, Effects of Taxes and Benefits on Household Income / Living Costs and Food Survey, European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, Pensioners Income Series, Wealth and Assets Survey, National Accounts Estimates of Gross Disposable Household Income, and Small Area Income Estimates. ==Taxable income== thumb|479x479px|Annual income percentiles for taxpayers in the UK, before and after income tax. The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure is a 1992 book by labor economist Juliet Schor on the increase of American working hours in the late 20th century. == Bibliography == * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * == External links == * * Full text from the Internet Archive Category:1992 non-fiction books Category:English-language books Category:Books about labour Category:Basic Books books Category:Labor in the United States Category:Books by Juliet Schor A summary of key findings is shown in the table below: 2008 Data All taxpayers Top 10% to 1% (adults) Top 1% to 0.1% (adults) Top 0.1% (adults) Number 29.5 million 4.21 million 421,000 42,000 Entry level for group £5,093 £35,345 £99,727 £351,137 Mean value for group £24,769 £49,960 £155,832 £780,043 Average income tax paid £4,415 £10,550 £49,477 £274,482 Percentage of national personal income 100% 27.6% 8.6% 4.2% The top 0.1% are 90% male and 50% of these people are in the 45 to 54 year age group. 31% of these people live in London and 21% in South East England. 33% of these people are company directors (as reported to HMRC). 30% work in finance and 38% in general business (includes law). Greece ranked the highest In EU with 1886 average hours per year, while Germany ranked the lowest with 1340 average hours worked respectively. A 2017 report from Trust for London found that London has a poverty rate of 27%, compared to 21% in the rest of England. ===Income by age and gender=== Data from the Survey of Personal Incomes 2012/13. 529x529px|Median pre-tax income by age and gender 2012/13 ===Income by occupation=== The tables below shows the ten highest and ten lowest paid occupations in the UK respectively, as at April 2014. An analysis of time use and consumption in Swedish households doi:10.1068/c12239 * Lafargue, Paul (2011). Region Employment (salaries and wages) Self employed Investment income Working tax credit State pensions Occupational pensions Disability benefits Other social security benefits Other income sources UK 64% 11% 2% 1% 6% 7% 2% 5% 2% Northern Ireland 60% 11% 1% 2% 7% 5% 4% 7% 3% Scotland 66% 7% 2% 2% 7% 7% 3% 5% 2% Wales 60% 8% 2% 2% 8% 8% 4% 6% 1% England 64% 11% 2% 1% 6% 7% 2% 5% 2% North East England 64% 5% 2% 2% 8% 6% 4% 7% 2% North West England 59% 13% 2% 2% 7% 7% 3% 6% 2% Yorkshire 64% 7% 2% 2% 7% 7% 2% 5% 3% East Midlands 65% 9% 2% 1% 7% 6% 2% 5% 3% West Midlands 62% 8% 3% 2% 8% 6% 2% 5% 3% Eastern England 56% 22% 2% 1% 5% 7% 1% 3% 2% London 71% 10% 2% 1% 4% 4% 1% 5% 3% South East 66% 9% 4% 1% 7% 8% 1% 4% 2% South West England 60% 9% 4% 1% 7% 10% 2% 4% 2% Other social security benefits include: Housing Benefit, Income Support and Jobseeker's Allowance ==See also== * Poverty in the United Kingdom * Taxation in the United Kingdom * Pension provision in the United Kingdom * United Kingdom labour law * Universal basic income in the United Kingdom * Universal Credit ==References== * HMRC statistics – * IFS – UK Category:Wealth in the United Kingdom Category:Economic inequality

Average working hours for the English have gone up

Yes, people in England are spending more time working

No, working hours have consistently declined over time

Yes, working hours per week have consistently increased over time

Over time people in England have worked more hours

C

Do people in California work more days in a year than we used to?

In California's coastal urban areas, (where the majority of job growth has occurred since the Great Recession), the disparity is greater: in the Bay Area, seven times as many jobs were created as housing units. Since about 1970, California has been experiencing an extended and increasing housing shortage, such that by 2018, California ranked 49th among the states of the U.S. in terms of housing units per resident. This has driven home prices and rents to high levels, such that by 2017, the median price of a home across California was more than 2.5 times the median in the U.S. as a whole, and in California's coastal urban areas, (where the majority of job growth has occurred since the Great Recession), the shortages are greater. Unemployment rates in California were relatively low during the early 2000s but increased drastically in late 2000s == Statewide unemployment == Data released December 13, 2017 for November 2017. As a result, less than a third of Californians can afford a median priced home (nationally, slightly more than half can), 6 percent more residents are in poverty than would be with average housing costs (20% vs. 14%), homelessness per capita is the third highest in the nation, the state's economy is suppressed by $150–400 billion annually (5-14%) (because of lost construction activity, and money that must be spent on housing cannot be spent on other consumer goods), and the long commutes caused by unaffordable housing in the urban centers where jobs are is hindering California's ability to meet its CO2 emissions goals.See the section on Effects for a more thorough explanation of these issues with all sources cited. The result of these policies was that from 1970 to 2016, California's population growth (relative to the US average) slowed to a third of what it was during the previous three decades (70 percent faster than the national pace by 2016), while appreciation of median home prices (relative to the US average) more than quadrupled to 80 percent greater than the national rate. Essentially, the entire economy shifted from work on the missions to work on large land estates of wealthy Mexicans. == History == ===Settlement of California=== 250px|thumb|right|Native California Population, according to Cook 1978. A McKinsey Global Institute report estimates that the housing shortage is costing the California economy between 143 and 233 billion dollars per year, from lost construction activity (at least $85 billion annually), lower consumption of consumer goods because of high housing costs (at least $53 billion annually) and the costs of providing services to the increased number of homeless persons (at least $5 billion per year). ==Quantifying the shortage== ===Estimated under-supply of housing units=== The California Legislative Analyst's Office 2015 report "California's High Housing Costs - Causes and Consequences" estimates that for the state to have kept housing prices no more than 80% higher than the median for the U.S. as a whole (the price differential which existed in 1980, as opposed to the >150% differential which exists today), California would have needed to add approximately 210,000 new housing units each year over the past three decades (1980-2010), rather than the 120,000 / year which were built. The following is a list of California unemployment statistics. When Californians emigrate to states with higher per-capita greenhouse gas emissions, they drive more, consume more energy for air conditioning, and use more fossil fuel-dependent electricity generation. In a 2019 paper, economists Enrico Moretti and Chang-Tai Hsieh analyzed the U.S. housing market and found that if Americans had consistently built housing commensurate with demand, the city of San Francisco would have two million housing units (rather than the 400,000 it has today) and a population of four million people (as opposed to its actual 2022 population of around 815,000), and the greater Bay Area would have five times the population it has today. ===Increase in housing production needed=== Experts say that California needs to double its current rate of housing production (85,000 units per year) just to keep up with expected population growth and prevent prices from further increasing, and needs to quadruple the current rate of housing production over the next 7 years in order to for prices and rents to decline. ===Ratio of residents and jobs to housing units=== In 2018, California ranked 49th among the United States in housing units per resident. Californians are four times as likely to live in crowded housing as the average American, and this holds across every type of housing—renters, owners, those with and without children. California in 2017 is home to an oversized share of the nation's homeless: 22%, for a state whose residents only make up 12% of the country's total population. Unemployment rates in California reached historic lows in 2000 and 2006. Workers have been displaced outside of the state as well; from 2007 to 2016, California saw net out-migration among all groups making under $110,000 a year, largely to Sun Belt states like Arizona, Nevada and Texas. Later in 1900, the Native American population in California was reported to be around 16,000. ===Abolition=== During the American Civil War various political factions in opposition to slavery and other forms of forced labor united as the Union Party and began to slowly dismantle forced labor systems in California. White Californians are white Americans living in California who currently make up 41.2% of the state's population according to the official 2020 census. Experts say that California needs to double its current rate of housing production (85,000 units per year) to keep up with expected population growth and prevent prices from further increasing, and needs to quadruple the current rate of housing production over the next seven years in order for prices and rents to decline.See the section on Increase in housing production needed for sources. Housing affordability has declined over the last three decades; , less than a third of Californians could afford a median-priced home; in job centers such as the San Francisco Bay Area, that number is less than a quarter. The California Rule is a legal doctrine requiring that government workers throughout the state of California receive the pension benefits that were in place on the day they were hired, and that those benefits cannot be reduced (though they can be increased); meaning that mandatory employee contributions cannot be increased, nor can cost-of-living allowances be decreased, not even for not-yet-earned benefits. Forced labor in California existed as a system technically different but similar to chattel slavery. Its rate is based on the final wage. 245: California becomes the second state to require paid sick leave. 511: Employers may assign an alternative work schedule which extends the non- overtime daily work time from 8 hours to 10 hours, but it needs at least two- thirds of the affected employees' approval. 1171.5: Undocumented immigrants are protected by Labor Laws (enacted in 2002). 1194: Employees cannot waive right to overtime pay. 3203: Injury and Illness Prevention Program, went into effect in 1991, requires employers to establish, implement and maintain an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program. 4658, 4660: These provisions of the Labor Code rely upon the American Medical Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (5th Edition). ==See also== * California Codes * Law of California * United States labor law * Talent Agencies Act (California) * Berman hearing ==References== Labor Code Labor Code Category:United States labor legislation Labor Code

Yes, we work more days in a year than we used to

No, work days have consistently declined over time

Yes, people in California are working more hours

Yes, working days have increased over time

Average working days for Californians have gone up

B

Americans work less than people in which other rich countries?

For contrast, 1% of the United States' top income earners earn 20% of the country's income, whereas the ratio is smaller in South Korea, with 12.2% of the population earning the same percentage of South Korea's total income. == Problems created by economic inequality == Economic polarization creates many problems, though some of the following are more evident in South Korea: === Effects on South Korean youth === Economic inequality is often linked to low or limited social mobility, a situation which may instill a sense of hopelessness among South Korea's youth. The study found that the U.S. redistributes a greater share of its wealth to the bottom half of the income distribution than any European country. The United States has the greatest income disparity among developed nations.United Press International (UPI), 22 Jun. 2018, "U.N. Report: With 40M in Poverty, U.S. In 2013, wealth inequality in the U.S. was greater than in most developed countries, other than Switzerland and Denmark. Also contributing to the wealth inequality in the U.S, both unskilled and skilled workers are being replaced by machinery. Nevertheless, a study that compares poverty levels comparing Chile, Mexico and South Korea, showed that South Korea has historically low inequality and has had the greatest achievement in eradicating poverty among the three countries. At the same time, the gap between median-wage workers and top earners widened. ==U.S. stock market ownership distribution== Stock owned by richest 10%.The Richest 10% of Americans Now Own 84% of All Stocks. South Korea was the 5th most equal country in the world in 2019, however economic inequality is growing. So many modern people say that the current government's policy inequality is not helping to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor. === Employment deterioration === The poverty of low-income people is getting worse due to the long-term deterioration of employment in South Korea. A 2022 study in the American Economic Journal found that greater economic inequality in the United States than in Europe was not because of the nature of tax and transfer systems in the United States. In an article published in the 2018 Korean Times, the IMF said Korea's income inequality was the poorest among 22 Asian-Pacific countries. Wealth inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean refers to economic discrepancies among people of the region. Conversely, the highest income earners (those earning 100 million won or more) make up 1.4% of the labour force. == Current situation == Among other countries in OECD, South Korea performs relatively well when considering indicators such as the Gini coefficient and Palma ratio, especially when limiting the comparison to countries with similar populations. According to a study by the World Bank, the richest decile of the population of Latin America earnFrancisco H. Ferreira et al. Inequality in Latin America: Breaking with History?, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2004 48% of the total income, while the poorest 10% of the population earn only 1.6% of the income. The study found instead that Europe had less economic inequality because it had been more successful at ensuring that the bottom half of the income distribution are able to get relatively well-paying jobs. ==Racial disparities== The wealth gap between white and black families nearly tripled from $85,000 in 1984 to $236,500 in 2009. The countries with the highest inequality in the region (as measured with the Gini index in the UN Development Report) in 2007 were Haiti (59.5), Colombia (58.5), Bolivia (58.2), Honduras (55.3), Brazil (55.0), and Panama (54.9), while the countries with the lowest inequality in the region were Venezuela (43.4), Uruguay (46.4) and Costa Rica (47.2). thumb|500px|center|Trends on income inequality 1998–2010 in 7 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela). From an international perspective, the difference in the US median and mean wealth per adult is over 600%. People in the top one percent were three times more likely to work more than 50 hours a week, were more likely to be self-employed, and earned a fifth of their income as capital income.The Top 1 Percent - What Jobs Do They Have?. This is What Inequality Looks Like is an anthology of essays related to inequality in Singapore written by associate professor of sociology at the Nanyang Technological University, Teo You Yenn, drawing on interviews and experiences with low-income Singaporeans over the period of three years. Economic inequality is also a result of difference in income. Also in 2019, PolitiFact reported that three people (less than the 400 reported in 2011) had more wealth than the bottom half of all Americans. ==See also== * Affluence in the United States * Distribution of wealth in Europe * Citizens United v.

Americans work less than people in Singapore and South Korea

Americans work the least

Americans work less than people in the UK

Americans work less than people in most other rich countries

Americans work less than everyone

A

Do Canadians work less hours than Mexicans?

Canadian Mexicans are Mexican citizens who have Canadian ancestry or are immigrants from Canada. According to a 2004 article, Canadian workers were estimated to be 82% as productive per hour as their American counterparts. Langley, British Columbia has a Mexican population working and/or living in town, having a Hispanic grocery store, mainly Mexican, and Central and South American products. ==Statistics== Province Population Source 43,120 26,935 23,055 22,470 8,790 2,125 810 695 240 95 90 55 10 128,380 Number of Mexican nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year Number of Mexican nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year Number of Mexican nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year Number of Mexican nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year Year Number of Mexican nationals admitted Total number of permanent residents admitted Proportion of permanent residents admitted 2002 1,918 229,048 2003 1,738 221,349 2004 2,245 235,823 2005 2,854 262,242 2006 2,830 251,640 2007 3,224 236,753 2008 2,831 247,246 2009 3,104 252,174 2010 3,866 280,691 2011 3,642 248,748 ==See also== *Canadian Mexicans *Latin American Canadians *Spanish Canadians *Canada–Mexico relations ==References== \+ Category:Ethnic groups in Canada Category:Latin American Canadian Category:Mexican diaspora in North America Mexican Canadians (, ) are Canadian citizens of Mexican origin, either through birth or ethnicity, who reside in Canada. Mexican Americans make up 16.6% of management, business, science, and arts occupations, and 10.2% of professional, scientific, management and administrative, and waste management services occupations, compared to 36.1% and 10.9% of the general population, respectively. While the Mexico-origin population in Canada is relatively small, Canada has the third largest Mexican population after the United States and Mexico. According to a 2017 Conference Board of Canada article, in 2015 "Canada's level of labour productivity was US$49 per hour worked, much lower than that of the United States, at US$63." The relations between Canada and Mexico have evolved over time. According to the 2021 Census, 155,380 Canadians indicated that they were of full or partial Mexican ancestry (0.42% of the country's population). According to statistics from Mexico's National Institute of Statistics and Geography, in 2009 there were 10,869 Canadian-born persons living in Mexico. Nevertheless, Canada's Mexican population is far behind that of the United States, where as of 2021 there were 37.2 million people of Mexican ancestry comprising 11.2% of the population (see Mexican Americans). ==Demographics== The metropolitan areas with the largest populations of people with Mexico-related origins (2023) are: Montreal (40,795; 3.9%), Greater Toronto Area (60,969; 4.3%), Vancouver (30,995; 2.5%), Calgary (10,965; 1.4%), Edmonton (9,830; 1.3%), Ottawa (5,865; 0.9%). == Geographical extent == While approximately 5,000 people of Mexico origins enter Canada each year as temporary students or contract workers for agriculture, these are not counted as immigrants because of their explicitly temporary legal status. According to INEGI's 2020 census, there are 12,439 Canadian-born emigrants residing in Mexico. ==Notable individuals== Notable Mexicans of Canadian origin include the artist Arnold Belkin, cinematographer Alex Phillips, actress Fannie Kauffman, and the wrestler Vampiro Canadiense. ==See also== * Canada–Mexico relations * Mexican Canadian * American Mexican ==References== Category:Immigration to Mexico Category:Ethnic groups in Mexico Category:Canada–Mexico relations They were on different sides of the Cold War Spectrum (Canada was a member of NATO while Mexico was in the Non-Aligned Movement, though Mexico later left; the two countries were, however, allies in World War II). Mexican American professionals have entered the workforce in growing numbers in the past several years. Industries where Canada is more productive than the US are the construction and natural resources sectors with Canadian workers achieving 129% relative productivity. Mexican American professionals are growing in numbers in careers including journalism, law, engineering, healthcare, computer science, dentistry, and architecture, among many others. ==Unemployment== In 2017, the unemployment rate in Canada was 6.3%, compared to 4.4% unemployment rate in the United States. Studies have indicated that more Mexican Americans are attaining higher education degrees in the fields of science, health care, educational services, and social assistance. The economies of Canada and the United States are similar because both are developed countries. Migrant workers from Mexico are prevalent in Leamington, Ontario's cucumber and tomato harvesting industry. Various Mexican beer and tequila products are sold in Canada. ==Resident diplomatic missions== ;Resident diplomatic missions of Canada in Mexico * Mexico City (Embassy)Embassy of Canada in Mexico City * Monterrey (Consulate- General)Consulate-General of Canada in Monterrey * Guadalajara (Consulate)Consulate of Canada in Guadalajara * Tijuana (Consulate) * Acapulco (Consular agency) * Cabo San Lucas (Consular agency) * Cancún (Consular agency) * Mazatlán (Consular agency) * Playa del Carmen (Consular agency) * Puerto Vallarta (Consular agency) ;Resident diplomatic missions of Mexico in Canada * Ottawa (Embassy)Embassy of Mexico in Ottawa * Montreal (Consulate- General)Consulate-General of Mexico in Montreal * Toronto (Consulate- General)Consulate-General of Mexico in Toronto * Vancouver (Consulate- General)Consulate-General of Mexico in Vancouver * Calgary (Consulate)Consulate of Mexico in Calgary * Leamington (Consulate)Consulate of Mexico in Leamington File:Embajada de Canadá en la Ciudad de México.jpg|Embassy of Canada in Mexico City File:45 OConnor St.jpg|Building hosting the Embassy of Mexico in Ottawa == See also == * Canada–Latin America relations * Canadian Mexicans * Mexican Canadians * North American Leaders' Summit * Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program == References == Mexico Canada According to Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, there are about 6,000 Canadians living in Mexico, but only 3,000 are registered with the Canadian Embassy in Mexico City."Canadians Abroad: Canada's Global Asset", Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, 26 July 2011."Canadian toll in Haiti quake rises to 3", CBC News, 13 January 2010.

No, they work more

No

Yes, Canadians work less hours than Mexicans

No, Canadians work longer

No, Canadians work more hours than Mexicans

C

Which countries work more hours than Mexicans?

As of 2022, Colombia, Mexico, and Costa Rica ranked the highest number of hours worked per year. These include countries such as South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan which still have comparable long working hours despite high incomes. == Our World in Data list == The following list is the average annual working time per employed person (men and women) in hours in 2017. In developed countries, the average working time is therefore usually significantly shorter than in developing countries. The average length of working time in different countries depends on a number of economic, social and societal factors. In 2017, the Southeast Asian state of Cambodia had the longest average working hours worldwide among 66 countries studied. However, longer work hours do not necessarily mean greater productivity. As a consequence, Korea now ranks 3rd worldwide, compared to 1,786 annual hours in the US, 1,538 in the UK, and 1,363 in Germany (the lowest among OECD countries). == Dynamics == Koreans work such long hours, among other reasons, because of the Korean industrial system and nighttime culture. In most countries, the weekly working hours are decreasing with increasing prosperity and higher productivity. thumb|right|500px|Average annual hours actually worked per worker in OECD countries from 1970 to 2020 South Korea has been a society that could not guarantee work–life balance historically and legally. Mexican Americans make up 16.6% of management, business, science, and arts occupations, and 10.2% of professional, scientific, management and administrative, and waste management services occupations, compared to 36.1% and 10.9% of the general population, respectively. Greece ranked the highest In EU with 1886 average hours per year, while Germany ranked the lowest with 1340 average hours worked respectively. Another important factor is the extent to which part-time work is widespread, which is less common in developing countries. Here, the working time per worker was around 2,456 hours per year, which is just under 47 hours per week. Even though Korea has implemented the 40 hour work week, workers in South Korea appear satisfied with their job and lives. The following list of countries by labour productivity ranks countries by their labour productivity (also called workforce productivity). They tend to be satisfied with longer hours. Mexican American professionals are growing in numbers in careers including journalism, law, engineering, healthcare, computer science, dentistry, and architecture, among many others. According to OECD figures, annual working hour levels in South Korea were at 2,005/worker in 2018. Statistics show that in 2019 “workers aged between 30 to 39 years old worked 158.9 hours per month on average in South Korea. thumb|upright=1.5|Since 1870 the amount of hours of waged work have decreased and GDP per capita has increased. Working hours in South Korea define the length of time workers are allowed to be on the job in South Korea. Labour productivity is the gross domestic product generated per hour of working time. == List == Different countries by labour productivity per working hour in 2017 International dollar according to Our World in Data.

Mexicans work less than Chinese

Mexicans have some of the highest hours but Cambodia might be higher

Americans work longer hours than Mexicans

The United States

Canadians work harder than Mexicans

B

Where do people work less hours than Germans?

Part-time workers work an average 23.3 hours a week in France, compared to the European average of 20.1 hours. The average length of working time in different countries depends on a number of economic, social and societal factors. Greece ranked the highest In EU with 1886 average hours per year, while Germany ranked the lowest with 1340 average hours worked respectively. In developed countries, the average working time is therefore usually significantly shorter than in developing countries. These include countries such as South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan which still have comparable long working hours despite high incomes. == Our World in Data list == The following list is the average annual working time per employed person (men and women) in hours in 2017. In Germany, for example, the average weekly working time of a person not employed in agriculture and working full-time fell by almost 40 percent between 1870 and 2010. According to right-wing parties and economic commentators, the main reason that French firms avoid hiring new workers is that French employment regulations on labour flexibility make it difficult to lay off workers during poor economic periods. == See also == * Six-hour day * Fair Labor Standards Act (United States) * New Employment Contract (France) * First Employment Contract (France) == References == == Bibliography == * * Workforce code == External links == * Official governmental site on the 35-hour workweek * Evaluation of the 35-hour workweek by INSEE Category:Economy of France Category:Working time Category:Labor in France Even though the standard hours worked in a week has been lowered to 35, some occupations demand more. As of 2022, Colombia, Mexico, and Costa Rica ranked the highest number of hours worked per year. In most countries, the weekly working hours are decreasing with increasing prosperity and higher productivity. Here, the working time per worker was around 2,456 hours per year, which is just under 47 hours per week. In other words, workers would increase their hours worked by 5% in response to a 10% increase in wages. ==International differences== International differences in the Frisch elasticity of labor supply can provide insights into the impact of social welfare policies on the labor market. Germans in Wisconsin. In Germany, on the other hand, it was just under 1,354 hours per year (26 per week and 3.7 per anniversary), which was the lowest of all the countries studied. Your Job In Germany is a short film made for the United States War Department in 1945 just before Victory in Europe Day (VE). The 35-hour workweek is a labour reform policy adopted in France in February 2000, under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's Plural Left government. Americans in France consists of immigrants and expatriates from the United States as well as French people of American ancestry. Another important factor is the extent to which part-time work is widespread, which is less common in developing countries. "Germans in the United States". This, of course, depends on the number of hours which are spent working. Now, let's also not include the possibility that someone's marginal wage is related to the number of hours spent working. Someone who works more than 40 hours per week usually gets more money as an overtime premium.

France

The Germans work more hours than Americans

The US

American

Germans work some of the least hours of all countries

E

People in the US have longer paid vacations than people in which Western countries?

In developed countries, the average working time is therefore usually significantly shorter than in developing countries. The average length of working time in different countries depends on a number of economic, social and societal factors. The economies of Canada and the United States are similar because both are developed countries. Presidents who have taken a vacation there include Presidents John F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. These include countries such as South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan which still have comparable long working hours despite high incomes. == Our World in Data list == The following list is the average annual working time per employed person (men and women) in hours in 2017. Australians in Saudi Arabia are a sizeable community consisting mainly of expatriates. Although wealth is more highly concentrated in the US, the median (50th percentile) worker has about 23% more purchasing power as well. United States presidential vacations, or vacations taken by the presidents of the United States, have often been contentious. ==History== Since the time of Ulysses S. Grant in 1874, Martha's Vineyard has been a popular vacation site for presidents. Japan and Canada ranked lowest amongst non-European countries. Americans in Ecuador consists of immigrants from the United States to Ecuador which includes but is not exclusive to many retirees. Most westerners particularly Australian Expats chose to live within these compounds due to the freedom and security, particularly having young children security is a large reason why compound living is so popular. thumb Most expats have their accommodation costs paid directly by their employer who will also normally arrange housing, insurance, schools and even a healthcare plan. == Economic overview == In recent years, Saudi Arabia has had an extremely lucrative economy, it is one of the largest economies in the middle east as its population of around 33.4 million holding nearly 20% of the worlds conventional oil reserves, Saudi Arabia is a lively economy that has until the recent pandemic been thriving. This compares United States public debt and Canadian public debt based on data from the CIA's World Factbook and the IMF.This table is a revised and reduced version of the table in List of countries by public debt. Global Work & Travel is an Australian travel company. Australia was ranked number seven among the countries from which Saudi Arabia imported goods. Another important factor is the extent to which part-time work is widespread, which is less common in developing countries. During most of his presidency, he used the concept of "working- vacations" to justify most of his trips, especially after making remarks such as "I would not be a president who took vacations. In terms of purchasing power parity, the most recent statistics from the IMF has Canada (US$35,494) lower than that in the United States (US$43,444).List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita ==Debt-to-GDP ratio== The OECD tracks member countries debt-to-GDP ratio, the "amount of a country's total gross government debt as a percentage of its GDP", as an "indicator of an economy's health and a key factor for the sustainability of government finance." The presidential vacations can be risky in terms of popularity and practical safety: *John Adams was criticized for spending time caring for his ailing wife. The United States has the largest economy globally and Canada ranks 9th at US$2.015 trillion. In most countries, the weekly working hours are decreasing with increasing prosperity and higher productivity. Industries where Canada is more productive than the US are the construction and natural resources sectors with Canadian workers achieving 129% relative productivity. There are over 5,000 Australian citizens employed in Saudi Arabia, mainly in health, education and other specialist areas.

Americans have longer vacations than people in England

Americans have longer vacations than Canadians

People in the US have the shortest paid vacations among Western countries

Australia

People in the US have longer vacations than people in Europe

C

US incomes are less unequal than people in which countries?

Most Unequal Developed Nation" When measured for all households, U.S. income inequality is comparable to other developed countries before taxes and transfers, but is among the highest after taxes and transfers, meaning the U.S. shifts relatively less income from higher income households to lower income households. The US consistently exhibits higher rates of income inequality than most developed nations, arguably due to the nation's relatively less regulated markets.Weeks, J. (2007). One 2013 study indicated that US market income inequality was comparable to other developed countries, but was the highest among 22 developed countries after taxes and transfers. Global income inequality: Where the U.S. ranks. Income disparity is typically lower in countries with higher union membership and collective bargaining coverage, while inequality tends to worsen in countries with decreasing union membership and coverage. The US is more unequal or on par with countries such as Mozambique, Peru, Cameroon, Guyana and Thailand. Inequality may be higher than official statistics indicate in some countries because of unreported income. Inequality in the United States may refer to: * Educational inequality in the United States * Gender inequality in the United States * Health inequality in the United States * Racial inequality in the United States == Economic == *Income inequality in the United States ** Causes of income inequality in the United States * Tax policy and economic inequality in the United States * Wealth inequality in the United States == See also == * Socioeconomic mobility in the United States This implies that public policy choices, rather than market factors, drive U.S. income inequality disparities relative to other developed nations. They note that European nations, in particular the social democracies of Northern Europe with extensive and well funded welfare states, have lower levels of income inequality and social exclusion than the United States.Schmitt, John and Ben Zipperer (2006). The U.S. has the highest level of income inequality among its (post-)industrialized peers.United Press International (UPI), June 22, 2018, "U.N. Report: With 40M in Poverty, U.S. Actual income inequality and public views about the need to address the issue are directly related in most developed countries, but not in the US, where income inequality is larger but the concern is lower. Further, variation in income inequality across developed countries indicate that policy has a significant influence on inequality; Japan, Sweden and France have income inequality around 1960 levels. The United States has the greatest income disparity among developed nations.United Press International (UPI), 22 Jun. 2018, "U.N. Report: With 40M in Poverty, U.S. Most Unequal Developed Nation" However, the inequality indicators vary considerably from state to state. U.S. income inequality is comparable to other developed nations pre-tax, but is among the worst after- tax and transfers. International inequality refers to inequality between countries, as compared to global inequality, which is inequality between people across countries. Japan, Sweden and France did not experience significant increases in income inequality during the 1979–2010 period, although the U.S. did. In the US: * educational attainment has risen more slowly; * companies pay relatively lower wages to the middle class and poor, with top executives making relatively more; * government redistributes less from rich to poor. According to a 2018 report by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the US has higher income inequality and a larger percentage of low income workers than almost any other advanced nation because unemployed and at-risk workers get less support from the government and a weak collective bargaining system. == Effects == === Economic === Income inequality may contribute to slower economic growth, reduced income mobility, higher levels of household debt, and greater risk of financial crises and deflation. right|thumb|Real GDP per household has typically increased since the year 2000, while real median income per household was below 1999 levels until 2016, indicating a trend of greater income inequality (i.e., the average is more influenced by high income outliers than the median). States with better financial development tend to be more unequal than those with worse financial opportunities; but the trends go in the opposite directions for high-income and low-income states, the former having more equality up to a certain level of development, beyond which the inequality rises non-linearly. International inequality research has primarily been concentrated on the rise of international income inequality, but other aspects include educational and health inequality, as well as differences in medical access.

The UK

US incomes are less unequal than people in Europe

US incomes are less unequal than people in Finland

US incomes are less unequal than people in Brazil

Germany has higher income inequality

D

Are people richer on average in Japan than in the US?

Japan was below average for wage differentials by gender and firm size, labor's share of total manufacturing income, social security and unemployment benefits, weekly workdays and daily work hours, overall price of land and housing, river pollution, sewage facilities, and recreational park areas in urban centers. Despite these problems, the average standard of living in Japan remains amongst the highest in the world. ==See also== *Economy of Japan ==References== * - Japan Category:Economy of Japan Category:Society of Japan Japan By 1990, income per capita in Japan equaled or surpassed that in most countries in the West. Some of these variables, especially pollution and increased leisure time, improved in the 1980s, and, in general, living standards in Japan were comparable to those of the world's wealthiest economies. ==Growing inequality== Over the past two decades or so, inequality in Japan has grown as a result of economic difficulties that Japan has faced since the end of the economic boom of the 1980s. Japan's average growth rate of 5% in the late 1980s, for example, was far higher than the 3.8% growth rate of the United States. Data was from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s and Japan was rated better than average in terms of overall income distribution, per capita disposable income, traffic safety and crime, life expectancy and infant mortality, proportion of owner- occupied homes, work stoppages and labor unrest, worker absenteeism, and air pollution. Despite the hard work and sacrifice that have made Japan one of the wealthiest nations in the world, many Japanese felt they are "a rich nation, but a poor people". Japan formerly had the second-largest assets and wealth, behind only the United States in both categories, until it was surpassed by China in both assets and wealth. In addition, according to a 1989 study on Japanese society, a comparison based on the (then) current value of the yen revealed that Japanese workers were now earning more per hour than their American counterparts. Japanese income distribution in the 1980s, both before and after taxes, was among the most equitable in the world. In the mid-1930s, the Japanese nominal wage rates were "10 times less" than the one of the U.S (based on mid-1930s exchange rates), while the price level is estimated to have been about 44% the one of the U.S. In spite of these negative perceptions, however, average living standards improved sharply in the 1970s and 1980s, and real household expenditures did rise during Japan's economic growth. The Japanese rail system was ranked the world's most advanced in a recent OECD development report. ==Ownership of consumer durables by percentage of households== Source: Economic Planning Agency, Economic Manual, 1986 Consumer durable 1970 1975 1980 1985 Color TVs 26.3% 90.3% 98.2% 99.1% Stereos 31.2% 52.1% 57.1% 59.9% VTRs - - 2.4% 27.8% Cars 22.1% 41.2% 57.2% 67.4% Refrigerators 89.1% 96.7% 99.1% 98.4% Air conditioners 5.9% 17.2% 39.2% 52.3% Radio cassette players 30.8% 51.6% 61.9% 73.6% Pianos 6.8% 11.8% 15.8% 18.3% ==Comparison== A Japanese social scientist ranked Japan among a group of ten other industrialized nations, according to a list of variables. According to William G. Beasley, Japanese living standards were in many ways “undoubtedly impressive by the 1980s: high real wages, low unemployment rates, excellent health care, above average consumption of goods and services”. thumb|right|Historical GDP per capita development The economic history of Japan is most studied for the spectacular social and economic growth in the 1800s after the Meiji Restoration. The Economic Development of Japan: A Quantitative Study (1994), in-depth coverage * Morikawa, Hidemasa. Japan: A Country Study. In the mid-1930s, the Japanese nominal wage rates were a tenth of those in the United States (based on mid-1930s exchange rates), while the price level is estimated to have been about 44% that of the US. But personal disposable income has not risen as fast as the economy as a whole in many years—at 1 percentage point less than average GNP growth in the late 1980s. ==Overview== The postwar years in Japan witnessed a steady rise in the average Japanese standard of living, together with a narrowing of differentials between blue-collar and white-collar workers. In addition, the level of unemployment remained low.Insight Guide: Japan, APA Publications, 2010 The living standards of most working-class Japanese also rose considerably during the postwar era, with real wages more than doubling from 1965 to 1975.Social democracy in the South Pacific by Peter Davis In the seventies, average living standards in Japan rose to be as high (depending on the measurement) as anyone living in the West. By 1960 Japan accounted for 3.6 percent of all exports of noncommunist countries. ===1960s=== During the 1960s, the U.S. dollar value of exports grew at an average annual rate of 16.9 percent, more than 75 percent faster than the average rate of all noncommunist countries. The economy of Japan is a highly developed/advanced social market economy, often referred to as an East Asian model.

Yes

Yes, per capita income is higher in Japan

Yes, Americans are poorer on average

Yes, people are richer in Japan

No, people are richer in the US than Japan

E

People in Japan are richer than which other places?

Japan formerly had the second-largest assets and wealth, behind only the United States in both categories, until it was surpassed by China in both assets and wealth. In its economic relations, Japan is both a major trading nation and one of the largest international investors in the world. By 1990, income per capita in Japan equaled or surpassed that in most countries in the West. Japan also had the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP behind the United States. However, many Japanese companies are facing emerging rivals from the United States, South Korea, and China. ==== Automobile manufacturing ==== Japan is the third biggest producer of automobiles in the world. Japan's imports grew at a faster rate than exports. The economy of Japan is a highly developed/advanced social market economy, often referred to as an East Asian model. With more money in banks, loans and credit became easier to obtain, and with Japan running large trade surpluses, the yen appreciated against foreign currencies. Japan and the United States have had the largest voting rights in the Asian Development Bank, and Japan has traditionally filled the presidency. China is also Japan's largest source of imports. ===Middle East=== The importance of the Middle East expanded dramatically in the 1970s with the jumps in crude oil prices. Japan has the third-largest financial assets in the world, valued at $12 trillion, or 8.6% of the global GDP total as of 2020. China is now Japan's largest export market, surpassing the U.S. despite a drop in overall trade, according to recent figures from the Japan External Trade Organization. Japan is also the world's fourth-largest consumer market. Japan is among the top-three importers for agricultural products in the world next to the European Union and the United States in total volume for covering of its own domestic agricultural consumption. This stems from the fact that Japan itself is rather rich in natural resources found commonly in Europe, especially iron. Imports and exports totaling the equivalent of nearly US$1.309.2 Trillion in 2017, which meant that Japan was the world's fourth largest trading nation after China, the United States and Germany. Japan's financial and policy positions become more prominent. In 2013, international tourist receipts was 0.3% of Japan's GDP, while the corresponding figure was 1.3% for the United States and 2.3% for France. ==Finance== The Tokyo Stock Exchange is the third largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, as well as the 2nd largest stock market in Asia, with 2,292 listed companies. In 1990 the major European buyers of Japanese exports were West Germany (US$17.7 billion) and Britain (US$10.7 billion). In Japan during the 1980s, the economy was in a boom where buyers found themselves paying the highest prices for goods and commodities. As of 2021, Japan has significantly higher levels of public debt than any other developed nation at approximately 260% of GDP. 45% of this debt is held by the Bank of Japan. In many respects, international trade is the lifeblood of Japan's economy.

America

People in Japan are richer than China

People in Japan are richer than Canada

United States

People in Japan are richer than Germany

B

Americans earn less (median income) than people in which countries?

Most Unequal Developed Nation" When measured for all households, U.S. income inequality is comparable to other developed countries before taxes and transfers, but is among the highest after taxes and transfers, meaning the U.S. shifts relatively less income from higher income households to lower income households. One 2013 study indicated that US market income inequality was comparable to other developed countries, but was the highest among 22 developed countries after taxes and transfers. Inequality may be higher than official statistics indicate in some countries because of unreported income. In the US: * educational attainment has risen more slowly; * companies pay relatively lower wages to the middle class and poor, with top executives making relatively more; * government redistributes less from rich to poor. 7) than some other sources,Saez and Piketty, and the CBO but do not break out the highest-income households (99%+) where most change has occurred.A 2010 census study showed the top 20 percent of Americans earned 49.4% of the nation's income, compared with the 3.4% earned by the ~15% of Americans living below the poverty line. The United States has the greatest income disparity among developed nations.United Press International (UPI), 22 Jun. 2018, "U.N. Report: With 40M in Poverty, U.S. The U.S. has the highest level of income inequality among its (post-)industrialized peers.United Press International (UPI), June 22, 2018, "U.N. Report: With 40M in Poverty, U.S. thumb|Real Median Personal Income in the United States thumb|US net productivity compared to real wages. According to a 2018 report by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the US has higher income inequality and a larger percentage of low income workers than almost any other advanced nation because unemployed and at-risk workers get less support from the government and a weak collective bargaining system. == Effects == === Economic === Income inequality may contribute to slower economic growth, reduced income mobility, higher levels of household debt, and greater risk of financial crises and deflation. right|thumb|Real GDP per household has typically increased since the year 2000, while real median income per household was below 1999 levels until 2016, indicating a trend of greater income inequality (i.e., the average is more influenced by high income outliers than the median). Further, variation in income inequality across developed countries indicate that policy has a significant influence on inequality; Japan, Sweden and France have income inequality around 1960 levels. Income disparity is typically lower in countries with higher union membership and collective bargaining coverage, while inequality tends to worsen in countries with decreasing union membership and coverage. This implies that public policy choices, rather than market factors, drive U.S. income inequality disparities relative to other developed nations. These comparisons indicate Americans shift from reliance on market income to reliance on income transfers later in life, although less fully than in other developed countries. Excluding retirees, US market income inequality is comparatively high (rather than moderate) and the level of redistribution is moderate (not low). Incomes in the middle and at the bottom of the distribution have fared better since 2000 than incomes at the very top. Asia was usually below average. , over 70% of the world's adults had under $10,000 in wealth. Actual income inequality and public views about the need to address the issue are directly related in most developed countries, but not in the US, where income inequality is larger but the concern is lower. __NOTOC__ thumb|346x346px|Overall median household income by state in 2018 Income in the United States is measured by the various federal agencies including the Internal Revenue Service, Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Commerce, and the US Census Bureau. * Stanford report shows that U.S. performs poorly on poverty and inequality measures. From 2007 to 2010 total income going to the bottom 99 percent of Americans declined by 11.6%, while the top 1% fell by 36.3%. Europeans hold higher amounts of wealth offshore than Americans. Global income inequality peaked approximately in the 1970s, when world income was distributed bimodally into "rich" and "poor" countries with little overlap.

France

By some measures median incomes in Switzerland are higher than the US

Americans earn less than people in China

Americans earn less (median income) than people in Japan

B

Where are taxes much higher on income than in California?

Taxes in California are among the highest in the United States and are imposed by the state and by local governments. State income tax rates vary widely from state to state. In addition to federal income tax collected by the United States, most individual U.S. states collect a state income tax. Typically, it is seen taxes are highly indexed to wages and therefore places of high taxation are geographically found in areas with higher per capita income. Various explanations for this seemingly contradictory situation exist. ==See also== * Federal tax revenue by state * Demographics of the United States * United States federal budget US taxation: * Sales taxes in the United States * State income tax * State tax levels * Taxation in the United States ==Citations== ==References== ;Main article * Leonard, Herman B. and Jay H. Walder. State tax may refer to: * Taxes imposed by U.S. states ** State income tax ** State sales tax ** State tax levels in the United States * Taxes imposed by Indian states ** Taxation in India#State governments * Taxes imposed by sovereign states ** List of countries by tax rates == See also == * :Category:State taxation in the United States Since that time, taxation as well as spending per capita has ranged widely between the states. For example, the city of Sacramento, the state capital, has a combined 8.75% sales tax rate, and Los Angeles, the largest city in California, has a combined 9.50% sales tax rate. Taxes are indexed to wages and profits and therefore areas of high taxation are correlated with areas of higher per capita income and more economic activity. Development of State Income Taxes in the United States and Oregon. Research has shown that local sales tax increases are concentrated in California localities that have the largest pension problems. ==== County transportation sales taxes ==== Countywide sales taxes for transportation purposes are very popular in California. As of July 1, 2022, 140 California local jurisdictions have a combined sales tax rate in excess of the 2.00 percent local tax rate cap:The California Department of Tax and Fee Administration expresses the sales tax rate to three (3) decimal places in its official tax rate data files that it releases to the public. ==== SB 566 (2003) and the rise in local sales tax increases ==== The number of local sales taxes greatly increased following the passage of SB 566 in 2003.Stats. 2003, ch. 709. Many states provide tax exemption for certain other types of income, which varies widely by state. The U.S. state of New Jersey levies a state personal income tax and state corporate income tax and a state sales tax. It is typical that states with low costs of living receive more in spending than states with high costs of living (Leonard and Walder, Page 19). In addition, some states allow cities and/or counties to impose income taxes. As of July 1, 2022, 62 local jurisdictions levy no additional local sales tax,The California Department of Tax and Fee Administration expresses the sales tax rate to three (3) decimal places in its official tax rate data files that it releases to the public. while 6 cities (all located in Alameda County) have the highest combined sales tax rate in California at 10.75%. ==== Local sales tax rate cap ==== The combined tax rate of all local sales taxes in any county is generally not allowed to exceed 2.00 percent.Cal. Rev. & Tax. In areas with higher per capita income, it is highly likely that the cost of living is also higher; for instance, this is the case in New York. Taxable income conforms closely to federal taxable income in most states with limited modifications.Exceptions are Arkansas, Iowa, Mississippi, New Hampshire (interest and dividends only, to be phased out from 2023 and eliminated in 2027), New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, none of which use federal taxable income as a starting point in computing state taxable income. The effect from local sales taxes is that sales tax rates vary in California from 7.25% (in areas where no additional local sales taxes are levied) to 10.75% (six cities located in Alameda County). For about twenty years after World War II, new state income taxes appeared at a somewhat slower pace, and most were corporate net income or corporate franchise taxes: * Rhode Island, corporate, from 1947; * The Territory of Alaska, then Alaska as a state, individual and corporate, from 1949; * Guam, mirror, from 1950;Leiserowitz, Bruce (1983). Code, § 6203. == Sales tax == At 7.25%, California has the highest minimum statewide sales tax rate in the United States, which can total up to 10.75% with local sales taxes included.

No US state has much higher taxes on income than California

Taxes are much higher in New Jersey

New York has much higher taxes on income than California

Oregon

Taxes are much higher on income in New York than in California

A

Where do people have high quality universal healthcare for free?

Healthcare is free except for co-payments for some products and services; it is mostly paid from the Social Security budget. Private healthcare in the UK, where universal state-funded healthcare is provided by the National Health Service, is a niche market. Healthcare in England is mainly provided by the National Health Service (NHS), a public body that provides healthcare to all permanent residents in England, that is free at the point of use. Because the private sector often has higher costs, most people choose to be treated for free in an NHS hospital. In most states, the state government has established free or subsidized healthcare for all their citizens. Advocates of free-market healthcare contend that systems like single-payer healthcare and publicly funded healthcare holistically results in higher costs, inefficiency, lower quality healthcare, longer waiting times for care, denial of care to some, and administrative mismanagement. In a system of free-market healthcare, prices for healthcare products and services are set freely by agreement between patients and health care providers, which are subject to the laws and forces of supply and demand and free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other outside authority. Private health care systems do co-exist freely alongside public ones, sometimes offering better quality or faster service. Countries with universal healthcare include Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Isle of Man, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Portugal: Bentes M, Dias CM, Sakellarides C, Bankauskaite V. Health Care Systems in Transition: Portugal. Government-guaranteed health care for all citizens of a country, sometimes called universal health care, is a broad concept that has been implemented in several ways. Government- provided health care is free to Bahraini citizens and subsidized for non- Bahrainis. Hospitalisation is free for permanent residents in both nations. It is a universal healthcare system as well. Almost all medical services are covered by health insurance and insurance companies, though certain services such as prescription drugs or vision and dental care are only covered partially. ===Denmark=== Denmark has a universal public health system paid largely from taxation with local municipalities delivering health care services in the same way as other Scandinavian countries. The poor are generally entitled to taxpayer funded health services, while the wealthy pay for treatment according to a sliding scale. ===Botswana=== Botswana established a free healthcare system that operates a system of public medical centers, with 98% of health facilities in the country run by the government. Most implement universal health care through legislation, regulation, and taxation. The government provides for the remaining 3% of the cost.Sulku, S. and D. Bernard (2009), "Financial Burden of Health Care Expenditures in Turkey: 2002-2003", Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Working Paper, No. 09004, Rockville, United States. ===United Kingdom=== Each of the countries of the United Kingdom has a National Health Service that provides public healthcare to all UK permanent residents that was originally designed to be free at the point of need and paid for from general taxation; but changes included introducing charging for prescription medicines and dentistry (those below 16 and those on certain benefits may still get free treatment). It claims that health services are offered for free. Though the public system dominates healthcare provision in England, private health care and a wide variety of alternative and complementary treatments are available for those willing and able to pay. Retrieved June 7, 2006. (see below), Jordan, Kazakhstan, Macau (see below), Malaysia, Mongolia, Oman, Pakistan (KPK), Philippines, Singapore, Qatar, DPRK(North Korea) Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan (R.O.C.) (see below), Japan, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia. ===Bhutan=== The Royal Government of Bhutan maintains a policy of free and universal access to primary health care. These hospitals provide treatment free of cost. All healthcare in Cuba is free to Cuban residents.

In American healthcare is free

People have high quality universal healthcare for free in the United States

People have high quality universal healthcare for free in United Kingdom

People have high quality universal healthcare for free in Canada

In the United States

C

Do Europeans have more education than Americans?

While most European-Americans are white, many are people of color. Approximately 86% of European Americans today are of Northwestern and Central European ancestry, and 14% are of Southern European, Southeastern European, Eastern European, and Euro-Latino descent. European Americans (also referred to as Euro-Americans) are Americans of European ancestry. Much of the European-American cultural lineage can be traced back to Western and Northern Europe, which is institutionalized in the government, traditions, and civic education in the United States.Kirk, Russell. White Americans (European Americans) on average are: "98.6 percent European, 0.19 percent African and 0.18 percent Native American." U.S. Census Bureau statisticians estimate that approximately 62 percent of European Americans today are either wholly or partly of English, Welsh, Irish, or Scottish ancestry. It publishes research that investigates education throughout the world and the social, economic, and political forces that shape it. == External links == * Comparative Education Review homepage * Comparative and International Education Society homepage Category:University of Chicago Press academic journals Category:Comparative education Category:Education journals Category:Quarterly journals Category:English- language journals Category:Academic journals established in 1957 Scandinavian ancestry in European Americans is highly localized; most states show only trace mean proportions of Scandinavian ancestry, while it comprises a significant proportion, upwards of 10%, of ancestry in European Americans from Minnesota and the Dakotas. == See also == * American ancestry * Anglo * Ethnic groups in Europe * European Canadians * European Oceanians * Immigration to the United States * Melting pot * Non-Latino whites * Stereotypes of white Americans * White Americans * White Anglo-Saxon Protestant * White ethnic * White Latino Americans * White Southerners * Romani Americans * American Jews * European Mexicans * White Americans in California * White Latin Americans * Colonial history of the United States * Hispanic and Latino Americans * White demographic decline * European emigration ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * Category:European- American culture Category:European diaspora in North America Category:Ethnic groups in the United States Category:Transatlantic cultural exchange Category:Transatlantic relations The German education system or continental education system is a higher education model, often contrasted with the Anglo-Saxon education system and the Scandinavian education system. Current Issues in Comparative Education is an international online, open- access academic journal publishing diverse opinions of academics, practitioners, and students in the field of comparative and international education. Language education in the United States has historically involved teaching American English to immigrants; and Spanish, French, Latin, Italian or German to native English speakers. Comparative Education Review is the official publication of the Comparative and International Education Society. In particular, a large majority of European Americans have ancestry from a number of different countries and the response to a single "ancestry" gives little indication of the backgrounds of Americans today. "America Should Strengthen its European Cultural Roots." Some European Americans such as Italians, Greeks, Poles, Germans, Ukrainians, Irish, and others have maintained high levels of ethnic identity. The second method is bilingual education which is when subjects are taught in both English and their mother tongue. ==See also== *List of most commonly learned foreign languages in the United States *Education in the United States *French language in the United States *German language in the United States *Spanish language in the United States *Bilingual Education Act of 1968 *Foreign policy of the United States *Language education *List of communities in the United States where English isn't the majority language spoken at home ==References== == External links == * What foreign languages are the most studied in your country? Breakdowns of the European American population into sub-components is a difficult and rather arbitrary exercise. European Americans have been the largest panethnic group in the United States since about the 17th century. However, the terms Caucasian and White are racial terms, not geographic, and include some populations whose origin is outside of Europe; and Anglo-American also has another definition, meaning Americans with English ancestry. === Origin === The term is used by some to emphasize this demographic's European cultural and geographical as well as ancestral origins, parallelling terms such as African Americans and Asian Americans. Some classrooms may focus on one area on a "language" while others show multiple aspects of each one. == Rise of Multilingualism== There has been an increased need for people who have experience with languages other than English in the United States. Before the arrival of Europeans in the United States, the Native Americans predominantly inhabited the United States. Margo Adair suggests that viewing Americans of European descent as a single group contributes to the "Wonder breading" of the United States, eradicating the cultural heritage of individual European ethnicities. === Subgroups === There are a number of subgroupings of European Americans.

No, Americans spend longer in education than Europeans

Yes

Yes, Americans spend less time in education than Europeans

Yes, more Europeans go to college than Americans

Yes, Europeans have more education than Americans

A

Brits are taller on average than which other places?

Below are two tables which report the average adult human height by country or geographical region. According to a study in France, executives and professionals are taller, and university students are taller than the national average. Country / region Average male height Average female height Stature ratio (male to female) Sample population / age range Share of pop. over 18 coveredPopulation data from International Data Base , United States Census Bureau.Urban population from The world bank , World Bank. Generally speaking, self-reported height tends to be taller than measured height, although the overestimation of height depends on the reporting subject's height, age, gender and region. *The figures demonstrate a discrepancy with many of the findings of the first table, for example with Bosnia and Herzegovina which is ranked sixth on the following table, an actual survey from 2014 already found males from 19–32 to average 183.9 cm as opposed to the 182.5 cm reported below; similarly Montenegro's male estimate of 183.3 cm may not compensate for the sometimes unfinished height growth of 17- and 18-year-olds who were part of a sample on the first table that already measured 182.9 cm on average. * Different social groups can show different mean height. Under such circumstances, the mean height may not represent the total population unless sample subjects are appropriately taken from all regions with using weighted average of the different regional groups. upright=1.2|thumb|Percentage of English native speakers (2017) The following is a list of English-speaking population by country, including information on both native speakers and second-language speakers. == List == Country Eligible population Total English speakers Total English speakers As first language As first language As an additional language Statistics on second language speakers are inevitably not precise; partly because there is no widely agreed definition of second language speakers – there is no differentiation between countries where English is the lingua franca and those where it is not. * Some countries may have significant height gaps between different regions. This is a list of Dutch people in the United Kingdom, who are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom of Dutch origin. This is a list of countries ranked by the proportion of the population that is obese. As an additional language Statistics on second language speakers are inevitably not precise; partly because there is no widely agreed definition of second language speakers – there is no differentiation between countries where English is the lingua franca and those where it is not. Hongkongers in the Netherlands are people in the Netherlands originated from Hong Kong or having at least once such parent. * Height can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or an increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). * Height can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or an increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). For instance, one survey shows there is gap between the tallest state and the shortest state in Germany. In this case, for the following reasons: thumb|upright=1.6| Map covering reported findings of the second table (male) thumb|upright=1.6| Map covering reported findings of the second table (female) *The study uses a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the trends in mean height from 1985 to 2019. 1,344 academics having collated the results of 2,181 studies covering 65 million people. (page 9)" 10,377,771 9,236,000 89 9,236,000 89 Source: Statistics Sweden, 2021 43,013,431 8,100,000 7,900,000 Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109\. 19,740,000 7,500,000 38 7,500,000 38 Euromonitor International Report (2009) 37,340,000 6,883,220 18.3 6,883,220 18.3 10,584,534 6,250,000 60 6,250,000 60 Source: Eurobarometer report 2006 The Belgian population is divided in two distinct linguistic regions: The Belgian Dutch-speaking Flanders, and the Belgian French-speaking Wallonia (the region of Brussels also has a majority of native French speakers). English native speakers amount to 13% of the whole population of the EU and the UK, while the percentage of people that speak English "well enough in order to be able to have a conversation", either as first (32%), second (11%) or third (3%) foreign language, was 38%. The total English-speaking population of the European Union and the United Kingdom combined (2012) is 256,876,220 (out of a total population of 500,000,000, i.e. 51%) including 65,478,252 native speakers and 191,397,968 non-native speakers, and would be ranked 2nd if it were included. Measured 2012 United Kingdom – Scotland 1.08 16+ (N= m:2,512 f:3,180}) 100.0% Measured 2008 United States 1.09 All Americans, 20+ (N= m:5,232 f:5,547) 100.0% Measured 2015–2018 United States – Non-Hispanic Whites 1.08 Non-Hispanic white, 20–39 (N= m:715 f:689) 17.1%Ethnic population ratio from State & County QuickFacts , United States Census Bureau. Such factors may not have been controlled in all of the following studies. ===Measured and self-reported figures=== Note: Letters in grey indicate non-measured height.

Brits are taller on average than people in India

The Dutch

Brits are taller than people in Sweden

Brits are taller than Germans

Brits are taller on average than people in the Netherlands

A

Which states are more obese than West Virginia?

By comparison with other states, the statistics in the following table shows that West Virginia has a lower average on most socioeconomic factors than most U.S. states. This is a list of countries ranked by the proportion of the population that is obese. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of West Virginia: West Virginia - U.S. state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States. The state is noted for its mountains and rolling hills, its historically significant logging and coal mining industries, and its political and labor history. == General reference == * Names ** Common name: West Virginia *** Pronunciation: ** Official name: State of West Virginia ** Abbreviations and name codes *** Postal symbol: WV *** ISO 3166-2 code: US-WV *** Internet second-level domain: .wv.us ** Nicknames *** Mountain State (previously used on license plates) *** Panhandle State * Adjectivals: West Virginia, West Virginian * Demonym: West Virginian, Mountaineer == Geography of West Virginia == Geography of West Virginia * West Virginia is: a U.S. state, a federal state of the United States of America * Location ** Northern hemisphere ** Western hemisphere *** Americas **** North America ***** Anglo America ***** Northern America ****** United States of America ******* Contiguous United States ******** Eastern United States ********* Mid-Atlantic states ********* Southeastern United States ******** Southern United States * Population of West Virginia: 1,852,994 (2010 U.S. Census) * Area of West Virginia * Atlas of West Virginia === Places in West Virginia === * Historic places in West Virginia ** National Historic Landmarks in West Virginia ** National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia *** Bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia * National Natural Landmarks in West Virginia * National parks in West Virginia * State parks in West Virginia === Environment of West Virginia === * Climate of West Virginia * Geology of West Virginia * Protected areas in West Virginia ** State forests of West Virginia * Superfund sites in West Virginia * Wildlife of West Virginia ** Fauna of West Virginia *** Birds of West Virginia *** Mammals of West Virginia *** Reptiles of West Virginia *** Amphibians of West Virginia ==== Natural geographic features of West Virginia ==== * Islands of West Virginia * Lakes of West Virginia * Rivers of West Virginia === Regions of West Virginia === * Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia * North Central West Virginia * Northern Panhandle of West Virginia * Southern West Virginia ==== Administrative divisions of West Virginia ==== * The 55 counties of the state of West Virginia ** Municipalities in West Virginia *** Cities in West Virginia **** State capital of West Virginia: **** City nicknames in West Virginia *** Towns in West Virginia ** Census-designated places in West Virginia === Demography of West Virginia === Demographics of West Virginia == Government and politics of West Virginia == Politics of West Virginia * Form of government: U.S. state government * United States congressional delegations from West Virginia * West Virginia State Capitol * Political party strength in West Virginia === Branches of the government of West Virginia === Government of West Virginia ==== Executive branch of the government of West Virginia ==== *Governor of West Virginia **Lieutenant Governor of West Virginia ** Secretary of State of West Virginia * State departments ** West Virginia Department of Transportation ==== Legislative branch of the government of West Virginia ==== * West Virginia Legislature (bicameral) ** Upper house: West Virginia Senate ** Lower house: West Virginia House of Delegates ==== Judicial branch of the government of West Virginia ==== Courts of West Virginia * Supreme Court of West Virginia === Law and order in West Virginia === Law of West Virginia * Cannabis in West Virginia * Capital punishment in West Virginia * Constitution of West Virginia * Crime in West Virginia * Gun laws in West Virginia * Law enforcement in West Virginia ** Law enforcement agencies in West Virginia *** West Virginia State Police * Same-sex marriage in West Virginia === Military in West Virginia === * West Virginia Air National Guard * West Virginia Army National Guard == History of West Virginia == History of West Virginia === History of West Virginia, by period === *Prehistory of West Virginia *English Colony of Virginia, 1607–1707 *French colony of Louisiane, 1699–1764 *British Colony of Virginia, 1707–1776 **History of slavery in West Virginia *French and Indian War, 1754–1763 **Treaty of Fontainebleau of 1762 **Treaty of Paris of 1763 *British Indian Reserve, 1763–1783 **Royal Proclamation of 1763 *American Revolutionary War, April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783 **United States Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 **Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783 *Commonwealth of Virginia, (1776–1863) **Separation of Kentucky from Virginia in 1792 *State of West Virginia becomes 35th State admitted to the United States of America on June 20, 1863 **Separation of West Virginia from Virginia in 1863 **American Civil War, April 12, 1861 – May 13, 1865 ***West Virginia in the American Civil War ****Border state, 1863–1865 === History of West Virginia, by subject === * History of slavery in West Virginia * West Virginia in the American Civil War == Culture of West Virginia == Culture of West Virginia * Museums in West Virginia * Religion in West Virginia ** Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia * Scouting in West Virginia * Sports in West Virginia * State symbols of West Virginia ** Flag of the State of West Virginia ** Great Seal of the State of West Virginia 18px === The arts in West Virginia === * Music of West Virginia == Economy and infrastructure of West Virginia == Economy of West Virginia * Communications in West Virginia ** Newspapers in West Virginia ** Radio stations in West Virginia ** Television stations in West Virginia * Energy in West Virginia ** Power stations in West Virginia ** Solar power in West Virginia ** Wind power in West Virginia * Health care in West Virginia ** Hospitals in West Virginia * Transportation in West Virginia ** Airports in West Virginia ** Roads in West Virginia *** U.S. Highways in West Virginia *** Interstate Highways in West Virginia *** State highways in West Virginia == Education in West Virginia == Education in West Virginia * Schools in West Virginia ** School districts in West Virginia *** High schools in West Virginia ** Colleges and universities in West Virginia *** West Virginia University *** West Virginia State University ==See also== *Topic overview: **West Virginia **Index of West Virginia-related articles * * * == References == == External links == West Virginia West Virginia Category:West Virginia West Virginia has a higher rate of people in poverty than the U.S. as a whole. The West Virginia population is less educated compared to the national average as measured by the lower percentage of people with bachelor's or higher degrees. West Virginia has less diversity in its population with a much higher percentage of non-Hispanic whites than the national average. A few West Virginia counties also exceed the U.S. national average for income, population growth rate, education, and have a lower rate of poverty. Life expectancy found under heading of "Additional Health Outcomes" for each county. ==References== Category:West Virginia Category:West Virginia education-related lists Category:West Virginia geography-related lists Category:Demographics of West Virginia Category:Economy of West Virginia Category:Health in West Virginia West Virginia counties by socioeconomic factors, List of West Virginia counties by socioeconomic factors, List of West Virginia counties by socioeconomic factors, List of This list of West Virginia counties by socioeconomic factors is taken from the "Quick Facts" web pages of the United States Census Bureau and the Population Health Institute of the University of Wisconsin. Mountains of West Virginia is a list of mountains in the U.S. state of West Virginia. right|thumb|300px|Map of Southern WV Southern West Virginia is a culturally and geographically distinct region in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the U.S. state of West Virginia. == 0–9 == *.wv.us – Internet second-level domain for the state of West Virginia *35th state to join the United States of America ==A== *Adjacent states: ** ** ** ** ** *Agriculture in West Virginia *Airports in West Virginia *Alcohol laws of West Virginia *Amusement parks in West Virginia *Arboreta in West Virginia **commons:Category:Arboreta in West Virginia *Archaeology in West Virginia **:Category:Archaeological sites in West Virginia ***commons:Category:Archaeological sites in West Virginia *Architecture in West Virginia *Area codes in West Virginia *Art museums and galleries in West Virginia **commons:Category:Art museums and galleries in West Virginia *Astronomical observatories in West Virginia **commons:Category:Astronomical observatories in West Virginia ==B== *Battle of Bolivar Heights *Battle of Buffington Island *Battle of Bulltown *Battle of Camp Allegheny *Battle of Carnifex Ferry *Battle of Charleston (1862) *Battle of Charlestown *Battle of Cheat Mountain *Battle of Corrick's Ford *Battle of Droop Mountain *Battle of Greenbrier River *Battle of Hancock *Battle of Harpers Ferry *Battle of Hoke's Run *Battle of Kabletown *Battle of Kessler's Cross Lanes *Battle of Moorefield *Battle of Philippi (1861) *Battle of Princeton Court House *Battle of Rich Mountain *Battle of Scary Creek *Battle of Shepherdstown *Battle of Smithfield Crossing *Battle of Summit Point *Botanical gardens in West Virginia **commons:Category:Botanical gardens in West Virginia *Buildings and structures in West Virginia **commons:Category:Buildings and structures in West Virginia ==C== *Cannabis in West Virginia *Canyons and gorges of West Virginia **commons:Category:Canyons and gorges of West Virginia *Capital of the state of West Virginia *Capital punishment in West Virginia *Capitol of the state of West Virginia **commons:Category:West Virginia State Capitol *Casinos in West Virginia *Caves of West Virginia **commons:Category:Caves of West Virginia *Census-designated places in West Virginia *Census statistical areas of West Virginia *Charleston, West Virginia, state capital 1870-1875 and since 1885 *Cities and towns along the Potomac River *Cities in West Virginia **commons:Category:Cities in West Virginia *Climate change in West Virginia *Climate of West Virginia *Colleges and universities in West Virginia **commons:Category:Universities and colleges in West Virginia *Communications in West Virginia **commons:Category:Communications in West Virginia *Communities in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia *Companies in West Virginia *Convention centers in West Virginia **commons:Category:Convention centers in West Virginia *Counties of the state of West Virginia **commons:Category:Counties in West Virginia *County road routes in West Virginia *Crime in West Virginia *Culture of West Virginia **commons:Category:West Virginia culture ==D== *Demographics of West Virginia ==E== *Economy of West Virginia **:Category:Economy of West Virginia ***commons:Category:Economy of West Virginia *Education in West Virginia **:Category:Education in West Virginia ***commons:Category:Education in West Virginia *Elections in the state of West Virginia **commons:Category:West Virginia elections *Environment of West Virginia **commons:Category:Environment of West Virginia ==F== *Festivals in West Virginia **commons:Category:Festivals in West Virginia *Flag of the state of West Virginia *Forts in West Virginia **:Category:Forts in West Virginia ***commons:Category:Forts in West Virginia ==G== *Geography of West Virginia **:Category:Geography of West Virginia ***commons:Category:Geography of West Virginia *Geology of West Virginia **:Category:Geology of West Virginia ***commons:Category:Geology of West Virginia *Ghost towns in West Virginia **:Category:Ghost towns in West Virginia ***commons:Category:Ghost towns in West Virginia *Golf clubs and courses in West Virginia *Government of the state of West Virginia website **:Category:Government of West Virginia ***commons:Category:Government of West Virginia *Governor of the State of West Virginia **List of governors of West Virginia *Great Seal of the State of West Virginia *Gun laws in West Virginia ==H== *Heritage railroads in West Virginia **commons:Category:Heritage railroads in West Virginia *High schools of West Virginia *Higher education in West Virginia *Highway system of West Virginia **List of primary state highways in West Virginia **List of secondary state highways in West Virginia *Hiking trails in West Virginia **commons:Category:Hiking trails in West Virginia *History of West Virginia **Historical outline of West Virginia ***:Category:History of West Virginia ****commons:Category:History of West Virginia *Hospitals in West Virginia *Hot springs of West Virginia **commons:Category:Hot springs of West Virginia *House of Representatives of the State of West Virginia ==I== *Images of West Virginia **commons:Category:West Virginia *Interstate highway routes in West Virginia *Islands of West Virginia ==J== ==K== ==L== *Lakes in West Virginia **:Category:Lakes of West Virginia ***commons:Category:Lakes of West Virginia *Landmarks in West Virginia **commons:Category:Landmarks in West Virginia *LGBT rights in West Virginia *Lists related to the state of West Virginia: **List of Appalachian Regional Commission counties#West Virginia **List of airports in West Virginia **List of census-designated places in West Virginia **List of census statistical areas in West Virginia **List of cities and towns along the Potomac River **List of cities in West Virginia **List of colleges and universities in West Virginia **List of communities in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia **List of counties in West Virginia **List of county roads in West Virginia **List of dams and reservoirs in West Virginia **List of forts in West Virginia **List of ghost towns in West Virginia **List of governors of West Virginia **List of high schools in West Virginia **List of hospitals in West Virginia **List of Interstate highway routes in West Virginia **List of islands of West Virginia **List of lakes in West Virginia **List of law enforcement agencies in West Virginia **List of museums in West Virginia **List of National Historic Landmarks in West Virginia **List of newspapers in West Virginia **List of people from West Virginia **List of power stations in West Virginia **List of primary state highways in West Virginia **List of radio stations in West Virginia ***List of radio stations in West Virginia by market area **List of railroads in West Virginia **List of Registered Historic Places in West Virginia **List of rivers of West Virginia **List of school districts in West Virginia **List of secondary state highways in West Virginia **List of state forests in West Virginia **List of state highway routes in West Virginia **List of state parks in West Virginia **List of state prisons in West Virginia **List of symbols of the state of West Virginia **List of telephone area codes in West Virginia **List of television shows and movies in West Virginia **List of television stations in West Virginia **List of towns in West Virginia **List of United States congressional delegations from West Virginia **List of United States congressional districts in West Virginia **List of United States representatives from West Virginia **List of United States senators from West Virginia **List of U.S. highway routes in West Virginia **List of villages in West Virginia **List of West Virginia archives **List of wildlife management areas in West Virginia ==M== *Maps of West Virginia **commons:Category:Maps of West Virginia *Mass media in West Virginia *Mountains of West Virginia **commons:Category:Mountains of West Virginia *Museums in West Virginia **:Category:Museums in West Virginia ***commons:Category:Museums in West Virginia *Music of West Virginia **:Category:Music of West Virginia ***commons:Category:Music of West Virginia **:Category:Musical groups from West Virginia **:Category:Musicians from West Virginia ==N== *National Forests of West Virginia **commons:Category:National Forests of West Virginia *Natural history of West Virginia **commons:Category:Natural history of West Virginia *Newspapers of West Virginia ==O== *Ohio River ==P== *People from West Virginia **:Category:People from West Virginia ***commons:Category:People from West Virginia ***:Category:People by city in West Virginia ***:Category:People by county in West Virginia ***:Category:People from West Virginia by occupation *Politics of West Virginia **:Category:Politics of West Virginia ***commons:Category:Politics of West Virginia *Primary state highways in West Virginia *Protected areas of West Virginia **commons:Category:Protected areas of West Virginia ==Q== Quinwood coal city ==R== *Radio stations in West Virginia **Radio stations in West Virginia by market area *Railroad museums in West Virginia **commons:Category:Railroad museums in West Virginia *Railroads in West Virginia *Registered historic places in West Virginia **commons:Category:Registered Historic Places in West Virginia *Religion in West Virginia **:Category:Religion in West Virginia *Rivers of West Virginia **commons:Category:Rivers of West Virginia *Rock formations in West Virginia **commons:Category:Rock formations in West Virginia ==S== *Same-sex marriage in West Virginia *School districts of West Virginia *Scouting in West Virginia *Secondary state highways in West Virginia *Senate of the State of West Virginia *Settlements in West Virginia **Cities in West Virginia **Towns in West Virginia **Villages in West Virginia **Census Designated Places in West Virginia **Other unincorporated communities in West Virginia **List of ghost towns in West Virginia *Siege of Fort Henry (1777) *Siege of Fort Henry (1782) *Ski areas and resorts in West Virginia **commons:Category:Ski areas and resorts in West Virginia *Sports in West Virginia **:Category:Sports in West Virginia ***commons:Category:Sports in West Virginia **:Category:Sports venues in West Virginia ***commons:Category:Sports venues in West Virginia *State Capitol of West Virginia *State highway routes of West Virginia *State of West Virginia website **Government of the state of West Virginia ***:Category:Government of West Virginia ****commons:Category:Government of West Virginia **Executive branch of the government of the state of West Virginia ***Governor of the state of West Virginia **Legislative branch of the government of the state of West Virginia ***Legislature of the State of West Virginia ****Senate of the State of West Virginia ****House of Representatives of the State of West Virginia **Judicial branch of the government of the state of West Virginia ***Supreme Court of the State of West Virginia *State forests in West Virginia *State parks of West Virginia **commons:Category:State parks of West Virginia *State prisons of West Virginia *Structures in West Virginia **commons:Category:Buildings and structures in West Virginia *Supreme Court of the State of West Virginia *Symbols of the state of West Virginia **:Category:Symbols of West Virginia ***commons:Category:Symbols of West Virginia ==T== *Telecommunications in West Virginia **commons:Category:Communications in West Virginia *Telephone area codes in West Virginia *Television shows and movies in West Virginia *Television stations in West Virginia *Theatres in West Virginia **commons:Category:Theatres in West Virginia *Tourism in West Virginia website **commons:Category:Tourism in West Virginia *Towns in West Virginia **commons:Category:Cities in West Virginia *Transportation in West Virginia **:Category:Transportation in West Virginia ***commons:Category:Transport in West Virginia ==U== *United States of America **States of the United States of America **United States census statistical areas of West Virginia **United States congressional delegations from West Virginia **United States congressional districts in West Virginia **United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit **United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia **United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia **United States representatives from West Virginia **United States senators from West Virginia *Universities and colleges in West Virginia **commons:Category:Universities and colleges in West Virginia *US-WV – ISO 3166-2:US region code for the state of West Virginia ==V== *Villages in West Virginia ==W== *Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area *Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area *Waterfalls of West Virginia **commons:Category:Waterfalls of West Virginia *West Virginia website **:Category:West Virginia ***commons:Category:West Virginia ****commons:Category:Maps of West Virginia *West Virginia Healthy Lifestyles Act of 2005 *The West Virginia Rosie the Riveter Project *West Virginia Route 2 and I-68 Authority *West Virginia State Capitol *Wheeling, West Virginia, state capital 1863-1870 and 1875–1885 *;Wikimedia **Wikimedia Commons:Category:West Virginia ***commons:Category:Maps of West Virginia **Wikinews:Category:West Virginia ***Wikinews:Portal:West Virginia **Wikipedia Category:West Virginia ***Wikipedia:WikiProject West Virginia ****:Category:WikiProject West Virginia articles ****Wikipedia:WikiProject West Virginia/Members *Wildlife management areas in West Virginia *Wind power in West Virginia *WV – United States Postal Service postal code for the state of West Virginia ==X== ==Y== ==Z== *Zoos in West Virginia **commons:Category:Zoos in West Virginia ==See also== *Topic overview: **West Virginia **Outline of West Virginia * * * * West Virginia Data for U.S. obesity prevalence is derived from CDC data, recorded through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in March 2017 - 2020. The percentage of people with health insurance in West Virginia exceeds the national average. However, two (out of 55) West Virginia counties have life expectancies exceeding the national average. West Virginia's official state nickname is the Mountain State. Southern West Virginia, in a cultural and historical context, includes Boone County, Fayette County, Greenbrier County, Lincoln County, Logan County, McDowell County, Mercer County, Mingo County, Monroe County, Nicholas County, Raleigh County, Summers County, and Wyoming County. The data, barring the United States, is derived from The World Factbook authored by the Central Intelligence Agency, which gives the adult prevalence rate for obesity, defined as "the percent of a country's population considered to be obese". In 2019, West Virginia had the lowest life expectancy of any U.S. state. West Virginians have a life expectancy of four years less than the national average. West Virginia lost population from 2010 and 2020.

No states are more obese than West Virginia

Many states are more obese than West Virginia

New York is more obese than West Virginia

California

West Virginia is more obese than West Virginia

A

Which countries have thinner people than the UK?

This is a list of countries ranked by the proportion of the population that is obese. thumb|Countries by BMI: The data for international body mass indexes was published by the World Health Organization. Country Both Male Female — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ==See also== *List of countries by obesity rate ==References== Body mass index Category:Obesity Body Mass Index Body Mass Index Category:Social science indices thumb|225px|Young Nauruans in 1914 thumb|Share of adults that are obese in different countries in Oceania, 1975 to 2016 Pacific island nations and associated states make up the top seven on a 2007 list of heaviest countries, and eight of the top ten. This is a list of the States of India ranked in order of percentage of people having a Body Mass Index lower than normal. A survey done in the Marshall Islands revealed that the percentage of the total population considered overweight or obese was 62.5%. === Cook Islands === The Cook Islands comprises fifteen small islands and has a local population of about 10,000 people. In all these cases, more than 70% of citizens aged 15 and over are obese. Obesity rates by country (The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency, 2016) Country Obesity rate (%) 61.00 55.9 55.3 52.9 51.6 50.0 48.2 47.3 46.0 45.8 41.9 37.9 35.5 35.4 35.1 32.5 32.1 32.0 32.0 31.7 31.6 30.8 30.4 30.2 29.8 29.4 29.0 28.9 28.9 28.3 28.3 28.0 27.9 27.9 27.8 27.8 27.8 27.4 27.0 26.9 26.4 26.4 26.3 26.1 26.1 26.0 25.8 25.7 25.6 25.6 25.3 25.2 25.0 24.9 24.7 24.6 24.6 24.5 24.4 24.1 24.1 23.8 23.7 23.7 23.6 23.3 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1 22.9 22.7 22.7 22.6 22.5 22.5 22.4 22.3 22.3 22.2 22.1 22.1 21.9 21.8 21.7 21.7 21.6 21.5 21.4 21.3 21.3 21.2 21.2 21.0 20.8 20.6 20.6 20.5 20.4 20.3 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.1 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.5 18.9 18.9 18.9 18.6 18.6 17.9 17.2 17.1 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.5 15.6 15.5 15.0 14.2 14.1 14.0 13.5 12.7 12.4 11.8 11.4 10.9 10.8 10.3 10.3 10.0 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.5 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 2.1 ==See also== *List of countries by body mass index == References == Category:Obesity Category:Social science indices The data, barring the United States, is derived from The World Factbook authored by the Central Intelligence Agency, which gives the adult prevalence rate for obesity, defined as "the percent of a country's population considered to be obese". The information is based on the Demographic & Health Survey of 2005–06 for India. == People with low Body Mass Index (BMI)== States Males (%) Males Rank Females (%) Females Rank Tripura 36.3 1 32.1 8 Madhya Pradesh 34.3 2 38.1 5 Rajasthan 31.8 3 31.6 10 Assam 31.4 4 34.5 7 Jharkhand 31.4 4 40.6 2 Uttar Pradesh 30.7 6 32.1 9 Odisha 30.1 7 38.5 4 Chhattisgarh 29.8 8 39 3 Arunachal Pradesh 29.6 9 35.7 6 Bihar 26.7 10 41 1 Gujarat 26.2 11 30.3 12 Whole INDIA 26.1 — 31 — Haryana 24.8 12 25.8 15 Karnataka 23.5 13 29.4 13 Maharashtra 22.9 14 30.6 11 Andhra Pradesh 22.8 15 28.8 14 Uttarakhand 19.8 16 23.7 16 Jammu and Kashmir 17.9 17 19.3 19 Himachal Pradesh 17.8 18 22.3 17 Tamil Nadu 16.5 19 21.5 18 Goa 14.8 20 18.5 20 West Bengal 11.6 21 13.5 21 Manipur 10.2 22 11.9 24 Kerala 9.9 23 10.5 26 Nagaland 8.8 24 13.9 21 Meghalaya 6 25 11.7 25 Sikkim 5.2 26 7.6 27 Mizoram 4 27 13.3 23 Punjab 2.2 28 2.0 28 ==References== * www.measuredhs.com/publications/publication-frind3-dhs-final-reports.cfm Category:States and union territories of India-related lists Category:Lists of subdivisions of India Category:Human body weight A mitigating argument is that the BMI measures used to appraise obesity in Caucasian bodies may need to be adjusted for appraising obesity in Polynesian bodies, which typically have larger bone and muscle mass than Caucasian bodies; however, this would not account for the drastically higher rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes among these same islanders. ==Overweight populations== World ranking Pacific country % of overweight persons (age 15 and over) 1\. Mean BMI , World Health Organization (WHO), 2015 (Statistics start on page 200). Data for U.S. obesity prevalence is derived from CDC data, recorded through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in March 2017 - 2020. Koreans in Spain form one of the country's smaller Asian populations. ==Demography and distribution== 2006 statistics from Spain's Instituto Nacional de Estadística showed 2,873 registered residents of Spain born in South Korea, of whom 514 held Spanish nationality, while 2,359 held other nationalities. Palau 78.4 ==Obese populations== Rank Country % of obese persons 1 Nauru 61.00 2 Cook Islands 55.90 3 Palau 55.30 4 Marshall Islands 52.90 5 Tuvalu 51.60 6 Niue 50.00 7 Tonga 48.20 8 Federated States of Micronesia 47.30 9 Kiribati 46.00 10 Samoa 47.30 == Nations == === Nauru === Obesity is seen as a sign of wealth in Nauru. 31% of Nauruans are diabetic. A relatively sedentary lifestyle, including among children, is also contributing to rising obesity rates. === Cultural standards and practices === Obesity in the Pacific Islands is also thought to be influenced by social and cultural factors (tambu foods), including past poor public education on diet, exercise and health Micronutrient deficiencies are also common.) In this article, two sets of data based on Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and United Nations (UN) estimates are provided. == CIA figures == Median age per CIA World Factbook 2018 and 2020 (ranked) estimates Country/Territory Rank Median ages in years Country/Territory Rank 2018 median 2020 medians Country/Territory Rank Combined Combined Male Female Difference (female minus male) 204 18.9 19.5 19.4 19.5 0.1 92 32.9 34.3 32.9 35.7 2.8 141 28.1 28.9 28.6 29.3 0.7 151 25.5 27.2 26.7 27.7 1 6 44.3 46.2 46.3 46.1 -0.2 228 15.9 15.9 15.4 16.4 1 82 34.8 35.7 33.7 37.6 3.9 107 31.9 32.7 30.7 34.4 3.7 111 31.7 32.4 31.1 33.6 2.5 79 35.1 36.6 35.1 38.3 3.2 54 39.3 39.9 38.2 41.5 3.3 70 38.7 37.5 36.5 38.5 2 14 44.0 44.5 43.1 45.8 2.7 109 32.3 32.6 31.1 34.2 3.1 105 32.0 32.8 31.7 34.0 2.3 103 32.3 32.9 34.4 30.3 -4.1 145 26.7 27.9 27.1 28.6 1.5 56 38.6 39.5 38.4 40.7 2.3 49 40.0 40.9 38.0 43.9 5.9 45 41.4 41.6 40.4 42.8 2.4 174 22.7 23.9 23.0 24.8 1.8 221 18.2 17.0 16.4 17.6 1.2 24 43.4 43.6 41.6 45.7 4.1 138 27.6 29.1 29.6 28.6 -1 162 24.3 25.3 24.5 26.0 1.5 28 42.1 43.3 41.6 44.8 3.2 159 24.5 25.7 24.5 26.7 2.2 102 34.3 33.2 32.3 34.1 1.8 72 36.5 37.2 37.0 37.5 0.5 117 30.2 31.1 30.5 31.8 1.3 21 42.7 43.7 41.9 45.6 3.7 219 17.3 17.9 17.0 18.7 1.7 135 28.2 29.2 28.3 30.0 1.7 220 17.0 17.7 17.4 18.0 0.6 153 25.4 26.8 25.9 27.6 1.7 155 25.3 26.4 25.6 27.2 1.6 212 18.5 18.5 18.2 18.8 0.6 41 42.2 41.8 40.6 42.9 2.3 52 40.0 40.5 39.7 41.2 1.5 197 19.7 20.0 19.7 20.3 0.6 226 17.8 16.1 15.6 16.5 0.9 84 34.4 35.5 34.3 36.7 2.4 63 37.4 38.4 37.5 39.4 1.9 116 30.0 31.2 30.2 32.2 2 191 19.9 20.9 20.2 21.5 1.3 225 18.6 16.7 16.5 16.8 0.3 205 19.7 19.5 19.3 19.7 0.4 65 36.5 38.3 37.8 38.7 0.9 110 31.3 32.6 32.1 33.1 1 193 20.9 20.3 20.3 20.3 0 19 43.0 43.9 42.0 45.9 3.9 38 41.5 42.1 40.2 43.8 3.6 78 36.1 36.7 34.4 39.5 5.1 66 36.8 37.9 36.7 39.4 2.7 29 42.1 43.3 42.0 44.7 2.7 39 42.2 42.0 40.9 43.1 2.2 165 23.9 24.9 23.0 26.4 3.4 88 33.5 34.9 34.4 35.5 1.1 146 28.1 27.9 27.8 28.1 0.3 142 27.7 28.8 28.0 29.6 1.6 168 23.9 24.1 23.8 24.5 0.7 147 27.1 27.7 26.2 29.3 3.1 194 19.8 20.3 19.9 20.7 0.8 195 19.7 20.3 19.7 20.8 1.1 22 42.7 43.7 40.4 47.0 6.6 176 21.7 23.7 22.5 24.7 2.2 200 17.9 19.8 19.6 20.1 0.5 18 42.9 44.0 42.6 45.5 2.9 73 37.6 37.2 36.9 37.7 0.8 127 28.9 29.9 29.7 30.1 0.4 32 42.5 42.8 41.3 44.4 3.1 44 41.4 41.7 40.0 43.4 3.4 99 31.9 33.3 33.0 33.5 0.5 189 18.6 21.0 21.4 20.6 -0.8 184 21.0 21.8 21.5 22.2 0.7 Palestine (Gaza Strip) 216 17.2 18.0 17.7 18.4 0.7 61 38.1 38.6 35.9 41.4 5.5 4 47.1 47.8 46.5 49.1 2.6 187 21.1 21.4 21.0 21.9 0.9 85 34.7 35.5 34.4 36.6 2.2 9 44.5 45.3 43.7 46.8 3.1 93 34.0 34.3 35.1 33.4 -1.7 100 31.5 33.3 33.1 33.4 0.3 132 29.0 29.4 28.7 30.2 1.5 180 22.1 23.2 22.6 23.8 1.2 17 43.8 44.3 43.0 45.6 2.6 217 20.1 18.0 17.4 18.6 1.2 208 18.9 19.1 18.9 19.4 0.5 148 26.2 27.5 27.2 27.9 0.7 169 23.0 24.1 23.8 24.3 0.5 167 23.0 24.4 23.5 25.2 1.7 7 44.4 45.6 44.2 46.5 2.3 25 42.3 43.6 41.5 45.5 4 75 36.5 37.1 36.6 37.7 1.1 143 28.1 28.7 28.0 29.5 1.5 118 30.2 31.1 30.5 31.8 1.3 114 30.3 31.7 31.5 32.0 0.5 188 20.0 21.2 20.8 21.6 0.8 67 36.8 37.8 37.4 38.2 0.8 12 44.2 44.6 43.6 45.6 2 123 29.9 30.4 29.8 31.0 1.2 5 45.5 46.5 45.4 47.5 2.1 133 26.0 29.4 28.6 30.1 1.5 2 47.3 48.6 47.2 50.0 2.8 71 38.0 37.5 36.0 39.5 3.5 177 22.5 23.5 23.9 22.9 -1 115 30.6 31.6 30.3 32.8 2.5 198 19.7 20.0 19.9 20.1 0.2 160 24.6 25.7 24.8 26.6 1.8 90 34.0 34.6 33.2 36.2 3 30 41.8 43.2 41.6 45.0 3.4 122 29.1 30.5 30.2 30.8 0.6 129 29.3 29.7 30.7 27.9 -2.8 149 26.5 27.3 26.1 28.5 2.4 172 23.0 24.0 23.7 24.4 0.7 16 43.6 44.4 40.5 48.0 7.5 96 30.5 33.7 33.1 34.4 1.3 166 24.2 24.7 24.7 24.7 0 218 17.8 18.0 17.7 18.2 0.5 158 28.9 25.8 25.9 25.7 -0.2 23 43.2 43.7 42.0 45.3 3.3 15 43.7 44.5 40.2 48.2 8 57 39.3 39.5 38.9 40.0 1.1 50 39.3 40.8 40.7 40.9 0.2 59 37.9 39.0 38.0 40.0 2 196 19.7 20.3 20.1 20.5 0.4 224 16.5 16.8 16.7 16.9 0.2 136 28.5 29.2 28.9 29.6 0.7 131 28.2 29.5 29.2 30.0 0.8 227 15.8 16.1 15.6 16.5 0.9 36 41.8 42.3 41.2 43.5 2.3 175 22.9 23.8 23.6 23.9 0.3 190 20.5 21.0 20.1 22.0 1.9 81 35.3 36.3 35.0 37.6 2.6 134 28.3 29.3 28.2 30.4 2.2 156 25.1 26.3 25.5 27.1 1.6 69 36.7 37.7 36.2 39.5 3.3 1 53.1 55.4 53.7 57.0 3.3 128 28.3 29.8 28.8 30.7 1.9 55 40.7 39.6 38.1 41.1 3 89 33.2 34.8 34.1 35.6 1.5 139 29.3 29.1 28.7 29.6 0.9 222 17.2 17.0 16.3 17.6 1.3 185 21.2 21.8 21.1 22.6 1.5 152 26.4 27.0 28.2 25.9 -2.3 163 24.1 25.3 23.9 26.9 3 33 42.6 42.8 41.6 44.0 2.4 104 32.0 32.9 32.1 33.7 1.6 74 37.9 37.2 36.4 37.9 1.5 150 25.7 27.3 26.4 28.2 1.8 210 18.4 18.6 18.4 18.9 0.5 230 15.4 14.8 14.5 15.1 0.6 106 33.6 32.8 31.8 34.1 2.3 58 39.2 39.5 38.8 40.2 1.4 157 25.6 26.2 27.2 25.1 -2.1 182 23.8 22.0 21.9 22.1 0.2 95 33.4 33.9 32.9 35.9 3 124 29.2 30.1 29.6 30.5 0.9 173 23.1 24.0 24.0 24.0 0 130 28.2 29.7 29.5 29.9 0.4 140 28.0 29.1 28.3 29.9 1.6 170 23.5 24.1 23.6 24.6 1 40 40.7 41.9 40.3 43.6 3.3 13 42.2 44.6 42.7 46.5 3.8 26 41.5 43.6 41.6 45.3 3.7 97 33.2 33.7 35.0 28.2 -6.8 35 41.1 42.5 41.0 44.0 3 53 39.6 40.3 37.5 43.2 5.7 202 19.0 19.7 18.9 20.4 1.5 8 44.1 45.6 45.5 45.8 0.3 31 41.9 43.2 43.2 43.3 0.1 80 35.0 36.5 36.7 36.3 -0.4 76 34.8 36.9 35.7 38.0 2.3 101 32.5 33.3 32.5 34.1 1.6 3 46.5 48.5 47.9 49.0 1.1 87 33.6 35.3 35.4 35.1 -0.3 161 24.4 25.6 25.3 26.0 0.7 10 44.4 45.2 43.9 46.3 2.4 207 18.4 19.3 18.9 19.7 0.8 121 27.5 30.8 33.0 27.9 -5.1 206 18.8 19.4 18.5 20.3 1.8 27 42.6 43.4 41.7 45.0 3.3 77 35.4 36.8 36.3 37.4 1.1 209 19.0 19.1 18.5 19.7 1.2 83 34.6 35.6 35.4 35.7 0.3 47 41.0 41.1 39.6 42.7 3.1 42 40.5 41.8 40.1 43.6 3.5 11 44.5 44.9 43.4 46.6 3.2 178 22.5 23.5 23.2 23.7 0.5 213 18.1 18.5 18.7 18.3 -0.4 144 27.1 28.0 27.9 28.1 0.2 211 17.3 18.6 18.9 18.3 -0.6 20 42.7 43.9 42.7 45.1 2.4 98 32.8 33.7 32.3 35.1 2.8 214 19.9 18.3 18.1 18.5 0.4 119 29.8 31.0 30.6 31.4 0.8 48 41.2 41.1 40.1 42.1 2 34 42.4 42.7 41.7 43.7 2 179 24.3 23.5 23.0 24.0 1 37 40.7 42.3 41.5 43.1 1.6 164 24.5 25.3 24.6 26.0 1.4 215 17.7 18.2 17.9 18.4 0.5 60 37.7 39.0 37.8 40.1 2.3 203 18.9 19.6 18.9 20.2 1.3 199 19.8 20.0 19.7 20.3 0.6 171 23.0 24.1 23.6 24.5 0.9 68 36.0 37.8 37.3 38.3 1 108 31.6 32.7 32.0 33.3 1.3 112 30.9 32.2 31.7 32.8 1.1 137 27.9 29.2 28.7 29.7 1 91 33.3 34.6 34.9 34.4 -0.5 154 25.7 26.6 25.6 27.6 2 229 15.8 15.7 14.9 16.5 1.6 46 40.6 41.2 38.2 44.3 6.1 64 30.3 38.4 40.4 31.5 -8.9 51 40.5 40.6 39.6 41.7 2.1 62 38.1 38.5 37.2 39.8 2.6 86 35.0 35.5 33.8 37.3 3.5 125 28.6 30.1 29.4 30.7 1.3 181 22.0 23.0 22.6 23.5 0.9 126 28.3 30.0 29.4 30.7 1.3 113 30.5 31.9 30.8 33.0 2.2 43 41.0 41.8 40.6 42.8 2.2 94 32.2 34.0 33.1 35.1 2 Palestine (West Bank) 183 21.1 21.9 21.7 22.2 0.5 (2018 & 2019 estimates) 186 21.1 21.5 21.0 21.9 0.9 23px World 120 30.6 31.0 30.3 31.8 1.5 (2016 & 2018 estimates) 201 19.5 19.8 19.6 19.9 0.3 223 16.8 16.9 16.7 17.0 0.3 192 20.0 20.5 20.3 20.6 0.3 == UN figures == Median age as determined by UN, 2019 estimate Region, subregion, country or area Type 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 WORLD World 23.6 23.1 22.6 22.0 21.5 21.9 22.6 23.3 24.0 25.1 26.3 27.4 28.5 29.6 30.9 UN development groups Label/Separator ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... The median age of women tends to be much greater than that of men in some of the ex-Soviet republics, while in the Global South, the difference is far smaller or is reversed. thumb|upright=2.5|Median age by country, CIA World Factbook, 2016 est. High-income countries Income Group 28.7 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.3 29.6 30.7 31.9 33.2 34.6 36.1 37.5 38.7 39.9 41.0 Middle-income countries Income Group 22.1 21.5 20.9 19.9 19.5 20.1 20.8 21.7 22.6 23.9 25.2 26.5 27.8 29.1 30.7 Upper- middle-income countries Income Group 23.0 22.0 21.5 20.3 19.8 20.7 22.0 23.2 24.4 26.3 28.4 30.5 32.2 33.7 35.4 Lower-middle-income countries Income Group 21.1 20.8 20.3 19.5 19.1 19.3 19.6 20.0 20.5 21.2 22.0 23.0 24.2 25.4 26.6 Low-income countries Income Group 19.0 18.9 18.6 18.4 18.0 17.7 17.6 17.4 17.4 17.5 17.5 17.7 17.9 18.4 19.0 No income group available Income Group 21.1 19.7 18.8 17.8 18.1 18.5 21.0 23.2 24.8 26.5 27.8 28.8 30.4 32.1 32.8 Geographic regions Label/Separator ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... More developed regions Development Group 28.5 29.0 29.5 29.9 30.6 30.9 31.9 33.1 34.4 35.8 37.3 38.7 39.9 41.0 42.0 Less developed regions Development Group 21.4 20.7 20.0 19.2 18.8 19.3 19.9 20.8 21.8 22.9 24.1 25.2 26.4 27.7 29.0 Least developed countries Development Group 19.3 19.1 18.7 18.3 17.9 17.7 17.5 17.4 17.6 17.9 18.2 18.6 19.0 19.5 20.3 Less developed regions, excluding least developed countries Development Group 21.7 20.9 20.2 19.3 19.0 19.5 20.3 21.3 22.3 23.7 25.1 26.4 27.8 29.3 30.9 Less developed regions, excluding China Development Group 20.3 20.0 19.5 18.9 18.6 18.8 19.2 19.7 20.2 21.0 21.9 23.0 24.1 25.2 26.4 Land-locked Developing Countries (LLDC) Special other 20.1 19.8 19.5 18.7 18.3 18.3 18.5 18.4 18.3 18.2 18.3 18.7 19.1 19.7 20.4 Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Special other 20.2 19.9 19.5 19.1 19.1 19.6 20.7 22.0 23.2 24.4 25.5 26.5 27.7 28.9 30.3 World Bank income groups Label/Separator ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... This made Koreans in Spain the fifth-largest Korean diaspora population in Western Europe, behind Koreans in the United Kingdom, Koreans in Germany, Koreans in France, and Koreans in Italy.

The United States

Mexico

The United States has thinner people than the UK

There are lower BMIs in Mexico

France and Japan have thinner people than the UK

E

Which developed countries have much lower BMI than the UK?

thumb|Countries by BMI: The data for international body mass indexes was published by the World Health Organization. Mean BMI , World Health Organization (WHO), 2015 (Statistics start on page 200). This is a list of countries ranked by the proportion of the population that is obese. In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) found that 67.4% of Australian adults are overweight, ranking 21st in the world, and third out of the major countries in the English-speaking world, behind the United States (ranked 9th) and New Zealand (ranked 17th). thumb|Share of adults that are obese, 1975 to 2016 According to 2007 statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), Australia has the third- highest prevalence of overweight adults in the English-speaking world. A mitigating argument is that the BMI measures used to appraise obesity in Caucasian bodies may need to be adjusted for appraising obesity in Polynesian bodies, which typically have larger bone and muscle mass than Caucasian bodies; however, this would not account for the drastically higher rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes among these same islanders. ==Overweight populations== World ranking Pacific country % of overweight persons (age 15 and over) 1\. Country Both Male Female — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ==See also== *List of countries by obesity rate ==References== Body mass index Category:Obesity Body Mass Index Body Mass Index Category:Social science indices The rise in obesity has been attributed to poor eating habits in the country closely related to the availability of fast food since the 1970s, sedentary lifestyles and a decrease in the labour workforce. ==Classification of obesity== Weight is measured by using the Body Mass Index scale (BMI). thumb|225px|Young Nauruans in 1914 thumb|Share of adults that are obese in different countries in Oceania, 1975 to 2016 Pacific island nations and associated states make up the top seven on a 2007 list of heaviest countries, and eight of the top ten. (Rezaho et al. 2014) First- generation immigrants to Australia are more obese and have higher rates of obesity-related behaviours than white Australians or Australians of foreign ancestry whose families have been in the country at least two generations. Such representations would be skewed downward as people tend to overestimate their height and under- report their weight, the two key criteria to determine a BMI reading. Research done on globalization's impact on health indicates that the rise in average BMI in Fiji correlates with the increase in imports of processed food. If someone is obese their BMI will be at 30 or more. In 2008 using the Body Mass Index scale, obese Australians (indirectly and directly) cost the nation $8.3 billion. If someone is overweight their BMI will be at 25 or more. Victoria had the lowest incidence of obesity, at 17.0% of the population, with South Australia reporting the highest numbers at 19.6%. In 2006, it was found that children of low socio-economic standing were 2.22 times more likely to be obese compared to their high socio-economic standing counterparts. The increase was explained by the adoption of a Western diet in place of a more healthy "traditional" diet more common in their native countries, as well as adopting a more sedentary lifestyle which is ubiquitous in developed countries. ===Australian children=== The percentage of overweight and obese children in Australia, despite rapid increases in the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s, have remained mostly steady for the past 10 years, with 23 to 24% of Australians under the age of 18 classified as overweight, and 5 to 6% of the same demographic classified as obese. BMI Research is a research firm that provides macroeconomic, industry and financial market analysis, covering 29 industries and 200 global markets. Classification Body Mass Index (BMI) Underweight < 18.50 Normal Range 18.50-24.99 Overweight >25.00 Obese class 1 30–34.99 Obese class 2 35–39.99 Obese class 3 > 40.00 ==Prevalence of obesity in the Australian population== , 8% of children and 28% of adults in Australia are obese. ===Demographic summary=== ====Queensland==== City or region % of population that is overweight or obese Mackay 83.4% Fitzroy 73.1% Wide Bay-Burnett 70.1% Townsville 64.6% Toowoomba 63.3% Brisbane 62.9% Gold Coast 61.6% Sunshine Coast 60.3% Darling Downs 59.0% Cairns 51.5% Queensland 64.3% Source: Yearbook 2017, Progress in Australian Regions, Australian Government, Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development, and Citieshttps://amp.abc.net.au/article/9370172 ===Australian adults=== In a study published in 2015 by the US Journal of Economics and Human Biology, obesity is found to have the largest impact on men aged over 75, and women aged between 60 and 74. In the 2005 National Health Survey, 53.6% of Australians reported being overweight with 18% falling into the "obese" category. A 2005 WHO study found that just over 20% of Australian adults are obese, that number increased to about 29 to 30% being obese in 2017.

Australia

There are lower BMIs in America

The United States

Canada

France and Japan have lower BMI than the UK

E

On Sunday mornings, what do most Italians do?

There are two Catholic particular churches in Italy: * The Latin Church (absolute majority, uses Roman rite except in the Archdiocese of Milan where Ambrosian rite is used). The Italian Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Italy, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome, under the Conference of Italian Bishops. Italy Category:Catholicism in Italy Category:Italian culture According to Doxa (another Italian research centre) in 2014, 75% of Italians are Catholic. Italy is the third European Union member in terms of highest weekly church attendance rates after Poland and Ireland. Most Christians in Italy adhere to the Catholic Church, whose headquarters are in Vatican City, Rome. This is a list of notable Italian restaurants, which specialize in the preparation and purveyance of Italian cuisine: * Amato's * ASK Italian * Bella Italia * Beppi's Restaurant * Buca di Beppo * Carrabba's Italian Grill * Cibo Espresso * Drago restaurants * East Side Mario's * Fazoli's * Frankie & Benny's * Italian Tomato * Kissa Tanto * Locanda Locatelli * Manganaro's * Marea * Modern Apizza * Mosconi * Murano * Numero 28 * The Old Spaghetti Factory * Olive Garden * Osteria del Mondo * Pasta Pomodoro * Pastamania * Patsy's * Piada Italian Street Food * La Porchetta * Prezzo * Probka Restaurant Group * Rao's * The River Café (London) * Romano's Macaroni Grill * Saizeriya * Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto * San Lorenzo * Spaghetti Warehouse * Spaghettim – Italian cuisine restaurant in Petah Tikva, Israel. According to the 2017 Being Christian in Western Europe survey by Pew, 58% of Italians consider religion to be very or somewhat important. According to a 2017 poll by Ipsos (a France-based research centre), 74.4% of Italians are Catholic (including 27.0% engaged and/or observant), 22.6% are irreligious and 3.0% adhere to other denominations in Italy. In 2016 Eurispes found that 71.1% of Italians were Catholic, 5 points down from 2010, but their religious practice was on the rise at 25.4%. According to other sources, up to 10% of residents, both Italian citizens and foreign residents, profess a faith which is different from Catholicism. Coffee houses are typically cozy, which encourages communication amongst strangers. === Types of Italian coffee === The variety of coffee types in Italy is enormous and, while about 20 types of coffee are popular all over Italy, many regional varieties do exist. Italian Restaurant is an Italian comedy television series. ==Cast== *Gigi Proietti: Giulio Broccoli *Nancy Brilli: Connie Mancuso *Adriano Pappalardo: Frank Di Giacomo *Tiberio Murgia: Salvatore *Cristiana Capotondi: Angie *Luigi Montini: Mancuso *Carlo Molfese: Carmine Capurro *Giacomo Piperno: Gerard Lawrence *George Hilton: Goldsteen *Gianni Garko: Henken *Elena Presti: Anita *Corrado Olmi: Psicanalista *Marisa Merlini: Cartomante ==See also== *List of Italian television series ==External links== * Category:Italian television series Category:RAI original programming The number of Catholics among Italian citizens is calculated using the latest Eurispes poll, released in January 2016: according to the survey 71.1% of Italians are Catholic. The Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) found in 2015 that 29.0% of the population went to church, synagogue, mosque, temple or another house of worship on a weekly basis. For instance, according to a 2014 Doxa poll: 80% of women defined themselves as "Catholic", while 69% of men did so; 80% of the people in the age group above 55 defined themselves as Catholic, while 8% said to be irreligious or atheist and another 7% described themselves as "without religious reference"; among people aged between 15 and 34, percentages were 68%, 13% and 12%, respectively; in Southern Italy, 85%, 6% and 5%, respectively; in the North- West, 62%, 16% and 13%, respectively. ===The Catholic Church=== The headquarters of the 1.2-billion strong Catholic Church, the State of Vatican City (see also Holy See), is an enclave within the city of Rome and, thus, the Italian territory. The Church's world leader, the Pope, is the Bishop of Rome, hence the special relationship between Italians and the Church—and the latter's entanglement with Italian politics (see Lateran Treaty and the section below on religion and politics). Since 1984, the Italian government has signed thirteen such agreements and eleven have been approved by the Italian Parliament and signed into law, including the following: *Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches ; *Evangelical Christian Churches Assemblies of God in Italy ; *Italian Union of Seventh-day Adventist Christian Churches ; *Union of Jewish Communities in Italy ; *Baptist Evangelical Christian Union of Italy ; *Lutheran Evangelical Church in Italy ; *Holy Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Exarchate of Southern Europe ; *The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Italy ; *Apostolic Church in Italy ; *Italian Buddhist Union ; *Italian Hindu Union ; *Soka Gakkai Italian Buddhist Institute . Religion in Italy is characterised by the predominance of Christianity and an increasing diversity of religious practices, beliefs and denominations. The Assemblies of God have the majority of their communities in the South and, according to Caritas Italiana, in 2012 the North of Italy was home to 850 "African Neo-Pentecostal churches". ==See also== * Religion in Italy * Christianity in Italy * List of Italian religious minority politicians * Conference of Protestant Churches in Latin Countries of Europe * Waldensians * Waldensian Evangelical Church * Peter Martyr Vermigli ==References== thumb|right|Caffè roasting in act Italians are well known for their special attention to the preparation, the selection of the blends, and the use of accessories when creating many types of coffees. In the latest available year (2012), 15,226,291 taxpayers chose the Catholic Church, 562,313 the Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches, 72,238 the Union of Jewish Communities in Italy, 47,859 the Lutheran Evangelical Church in Italy, 44,229 the Evangelical Christian Churches Assemblies of God in Italy, and 29,448 the Italian Union of Seventh-day Adventist Christian Churches.

Most Italians go to Church on Sundays

Most Italians attend mass

I have no comment

On Sunday mornings, most Italians go to church

All of the above

C

Are most Italians devout Catholics?

According to a 2017 poll by Ipsos (a France-based research centre), 74.4% of Italians are Catholic (including 27.0% engaged and/or observant), 22.6% are irreligious and 3.0% adhere to other denominations in Italy. According to Doxa (another Italian research centre) in 2014, 75% of Italians are Catholic. According to other sources, up to 10% of residents, both Italian citizens and foreign residents, profess a faith which is different from Catholicism. In 2016 Eurispes found that 71.1% of Italians were Catholic, 5 points down from 2010, but their religious practice was on the rise at 25.4%. According to the 2017 Being Christian in Western Europe survey by Pew, 58% of Italians consider religion to be very or somewhat important. Protestantism in Italy comprises a minority of the country's religious population. The number of Catholics among Italian citizens is calculated using the latest Eurispes poll, released in January 2016: according to the survey 71.1% of Italians are Catholic. There are two Catholic particular churches in Italy: * The Latin Church (absolute majority, uses Roman rite except in the Archdiocese of Milan where Ambrosian rite is used). Italy's Catholic patron saints are Francis of Assisi and Catherine of Siena. ==Overview== The 2012 Global Religious Landscape survey by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life (an American think tank) found that 83.3% of Italy's residents were Christians, 12.4% were irreligious, atheist or agnostic, 3.7% were Muslims and 0.6% adhered to other religions. In the spring of 2016 the Pew Research Center found that 81.7% of the population of Italy was affiliated with the Catholic Church, out of a Christian population of 85.1%; non- religious people comprised the 11.6% of the total population and were divided in atheists (3.1%), agnostics (2.5%) and "nothing in particular" (6.0%). Christianity has been present in the Italian Peninsula since the 1st century.Epistle to the Romans 1:7 According to the 2012 Global Religious Landscape survey by the Pew Research Center (a think tank in the United States), 83.3% of the country's residents are Christians, 12.4% are irreligious, atheist or agnostic, 3.7% are Muslims and 0.6% adhere to other religions. Religion in Italy is characterised by the predominance of Christianity and an increasing diversity of religious practices, beliefs and denominations. Italy Category:Catholicism in Italy Category:Italian culture For instance, according to a 2014 Doxa poll: 80% of women defined themselves as "Catholic", while 69% of men did so; 80% of the people in the age group above 55 defined themselves as Catholic, while 8% said to be irreligious or atheist and another 7% described themselves as "without religious reference"; among people aged between 15 and 34, percentages were 68%, 13% and 12%, respectively; in Southern Italy, 85%, 6% and 5%, respectively; in the North- West, 62%, 16% and 13%, respectively. ===The Catholic Church=== The headquarters of the 1.2-billion strong Catholic Church, the State of Vatican City (see also Holy See), is an enclave within the city of Rome and, thus, the Italian territory. According to a 2006 survey by Eurispes (an Italian research centre), Catholics made up 87.8% of Italian citizens, with 36.8% describing themselves as observants. The Italian Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Italy, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome, under the Conference of Italian Bishops. Finally, Eurostat's Eurobarometer survey in 2018 showed that 85.6% of Italy's population is Christian (78.9% Catholic, 4.6% orthodox Christians, 0.6% Protestants, 1.5% other Christians), while 2.6% belong to other religions and 11.7% are non-religious (7.5% atheists, 4.2% agnostics). The country's patron saints are Francis of Assisi and Catherine of Siena. ==Overview== According to the CISB China Global Religious Landscape survey by the U.S. think tank Pew Research Center's Forum on Religion and Public Life, 83.3% of Italy's residents are Christians, 12.4% are irreligious, atheist or agnostic, 3.7% are Muslims and the remaining 0.6% adhere to other religions. Among the fastest-growing new religious denominations in Italy a special place is held by the Jehovah's Witnesses, who count around 250,000 members and an almost equal number of sympathisers regularly attending its meetings. ==Statistics on religious practice== Religious practice, especially church attendance, is still high in Italy, when compared to the average European country. Italy is the third European Union member in terms of highest weekly church attendance rates after Poland and Ireland. Most Christians in Italy adhere to the Catholic Church, whose headquarters are in Vatican City, Rome. Christianity in Italy is characterised by the predominance of the Catholic Church.

No, less than half of Italians attend church weekly

Yes, they follow all the rules

Yes

Yes, most Italians attend mass every week

Yes, most Italians are devout

A

All Mexicans are members of what Church?

More than half of Mexicans Catholics are actually, nominal, some combine or syncretize Catholic practices with native traditions. The Mexican Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Mexico, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, his Curia in Rome and the national Mexican Episcopal Conference. The majority of Mexicans in the twenty-first century identify themselves as being Catholic, but the growth of other religious groups such as Protestant evangelicals, Mormons, as well secularism is consistent with trends elsewhere in Latin America. According to the Mexican census, Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in Mexico, practiced by 77.7% of the population in 2020. The Catholic branch of Christianity is the dominant religion in Mexico, representing 78% of the total population as of 2020. The fact that more and more Mexicans no longer describe or define themselves as Catholic is significant issue amongst the country's Catholic population, many of whom consider Mexico a sacred Catholic land. Protestantism (which includes both non-evangelical and evangelical denominations) is one of the most common religious minorities in Mexico, although it makes up very small percentage of religion in Mexico when compared to the large Roman Catholic majority. "Catholic Church: Mexico" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1. "Catholic Church: Mexico" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1. Until recently, priests did not have the right to vote, and even now they cannot be elected to public office. == Historical Trends == *Sources: Based on Pew Center Research (including historical percentages of Catholicism) and the National Institution of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) both historical Census and specially 2010 and 2020 Census,2020 Mexican Census (INEGI) according to WorldDataValue and Latinobarómetro, Catholicism grew since 1995 or end-90s, in fact almost 30% of Mexicans are involved in religious denomination changes one, twice or more times, near 70% has been always Catholic affiliated (compared to 82% in 1960) and near 3% has been from other religion or none. == Abrahamic religions == === Christianity === Historically the Catholic Church in Mexico is the oldest established church, established in the early sixteenth century. In absolute terms, Mexico has 90,224,559 Catholics, which is the world's second largest number of Catholics, surpassed only by Brazil. In many parts of the country, Catholic Christianity is heavily syncretized with folk customs; and Aztec, Mayan, and other pre-Columban religions. == History == The history of the Catholic Church in Mexico can be divided into distinct periods, the basic division being between colonial Mexico, known as New Spain and the national period, from Mexican independence in 1821 until the current era. The 2020 census reported that Mexico had some 97,864,220 Catholics, which equates to approximately 78% of the total population, making it the second largest Catholic country in the world after Brazil. The number of Mexican Catholics has fallen by 5% in the first decade of the 21st century and in the south-east Catholics make up less than two-thirds of the population. Regardless of regional variations, Protestants in Mexico are becoming more relevant to the Catholic majority as many of these churches continue to grow greatly because many Protestants were once Catholics and converted later to Protestantism. The National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) reported that the number of evangelicals or Protestants rose from 4.9% in 1990 to 5.2% in 2000, reaching 7.6% in 2010. ==Denominations== A main category of the Protestant churches in Mexico are the so-called Historical denominations, which include the following churches: Presbyterian (and other Calvinistic groups), Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Congregational and Anglican (or Episcopalian). Conversion to non-Catholic denominations has been considerably lower than in Central America, and central Mexico remains one of the most Catholic areas in the world. He broke with Vatican tradition in celebrating Mass with these indigenous peoples, and challenged Catholic bishops in Mexico to "show singular tenderness" toward them. ===Falling membership=== The census conducted by INEGI in 2020 revealed that 97.8 million Mexicans (77.7%) of a total population of 126 million identify as Catholics. This is a list of Mexican saints, blesseds, venerables, and Servants of God, as recognized by the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic Church has been present in what is now Mexico since the earliest years of the sixteenth century. Durham: Duke University Press 2009. ==See also== * List of the oldest churches in Mexico *Roman and Eastern Catholicism in Mexico *Religion in Mexico ==References== Mexico Category:History of Catholicism in North America Category:History of Mexico Category:Catholic Church in Mexico The history of the Catholic Church in Mexico dates from the period of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–1521) and it has continued as an institution in Mexico into the twenty-first century.

Mexicans are all Catholic

There is no Church that all Mexicans are members of

All Mexicans are Catholics

95% of Mexicans are Catholics

All Mexicans are members of the Catholic Church

B

Among people in India, everyone is a member of what religion?

Hinduism is a majority religion in Odisha, which is followed by nearly 93.6% of the total population of the state. Religion in India is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Hinduism is a minority religion in the Meghalaya state of India constituting 12% of the state's population. Hindu–Muslim unity is a religiopolitical concept in the Indian subcontinent which stresses members of the two largest faith groups there, Hindus and Muslims, working together for the common good. Protestants in India are a minority and a sub-section of Christians in India and also to a certain extent the Christians in Pakistan before the Partition of India, that adhere to some or all of the doctrines of Protestantism. Hinduism is a popular religion practice by Rabhas, Hajongs, Kochs, Rajbongshis, Mikirs, Bengalis, Nepalis, Biharis etc. ==Tradition== ===Festivals=== Hinduism is practiced by different groups of Meghalaya. Hinduism and Sikhism are Indian religions. [S Srinivas – Journal of Contemporary Religion, 1999 – Taylor & Francis] ===Minority beliefs and sects=== Hinduism contains many different sub-cultures just like most other religions. According to the 2011 census, 79.8% of the population of India practices Hinduism, 14.2% adheres to Islam, 2.3% adheres to Christianity, 1.7% adheres to Sikhism, 0.7% adheres to Buddhism and 0.4% adheres to Jainism. "A Study of Religions" (2015), Anuradha Prakashan, New Delhi, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * === Further reading === * * * * * * ) *Rajiv Malhotra (2014), Indra's Net: Defending Hinduism's Philosophical Unity (Publisher: HarperCollins India; ) * * * * == External links == * ;Religions in India * ;Statistics * ;Reports * Category:Religious demographics Throughout India's history, religion has been an important part of the country's culture and the Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions, namely, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, which are collectively known as native Indian Religions or Dharmic Religions. Protestants in India are a small minority in a predominantly Hindu majority country, but form majorities in the north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Mizoram& Nagaland and significant minorities in Konkan division, Bengal, Kerala& Tamil Nadu, with various communities in east coast and northern states. *Punjabi people (4,540 - 65%-70% Sikh, 30%-35% Hindu) *Marwari people (20,251 - 70%-80% Hindu, 20%-30% Jain) *Bihari people (42,654 - 70%-80% Hindu, 20%-30% Muslim) *Jaintia people (393,124 - 60% Christian, 40% following tribal religion "Ka Niamtre" with some elements of Hinduism in it). India's Religious diversity as of the 2011 censushttps://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS Religion Population % Hindus 966,257,353 79.8% Muslims 172,245,158 14.2% Christians 27,819,588 2.3% Sikhs 20,833,116 1.72% Buddhists 8,442,972 0.7% Jains 4,451,753 0.37% Other religions 7,937,734 0.67% Not stated 2,867,303 0.24% Total 1,210,854,977 100% There are six religions in India which have been awarded "National minority" status—Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, and Zoroastrians (Parsis). Christianity in India has different denominations like Syrian Orthodox, Catholicism, Protestantism, Oriental Orthodox and others. Hinduism is practiced by these following groups:- *Hajong people (38,054 – 98.65% Hindu),https://blog.cpsindia.org/2016/10/religion-data-of-census-2011-xxx- st.html?m=1 *Koch people (22,494 – 99.02% Hindu)https://blog.cpsindia.org/2016/10/religion-data-of-census-2011-xxx- st.html?m=1 *Rajbongshi people *Rabha tribe (31,013 – 94.95% Hindu)https://blog.cpsindia.org/2016/10/religion-data-of-census-2011-xxx- st.html?m=1 *Karbi People (Mikir people). (14,380 – 52% Christian and 30% Hindu), *Nepali people (54,716 - 80%-90% Hindu 10%-20% Buddhist), *Bengali people (232,525 - 55%-60% Hindu, 40%-45% Muslim). India does not have an official state religion; it enshrines the right to practice, preach, and propagate any religion. India has the largest population of people adhering to both Zoroastrianism (i.e. Parsis and Iranis) and the Bahá'í Faith in the world; these religions are otherwise largely exclusive to their native Persia. == Secularism == thumb|Preamble of the Indian Constitution The Constitution of India, declares India to be a secular state with no state religion. The average work participation stood at 39.79%. ==Religions== ===Hinduism=== Hinduism is an ancient religion with the largest religious grouping in India, with around 966 million adherents as of 2011, composing 79.8% of the population. Supreme Court in 2005 gave verdict that Jains, Sikhs, and Buddhist are part of broader Hindu fold, as they are Indic religions and interconnected to each other, though they are distinct religions. == Aspects == Religion plays a major role in the Indian way of life. The degree of religiosity varies amongst individuals; in recent decades, religious orthodoxy and observances have become less common in Indian society, particularly amongst young urban- dwellers. === Rituals === The vast majority of Indians engage in religious rituals daily. Just as each state is home to an individual language, Hinduism harbors various sub-cultures whose traditions may or may not be shared by other Indians.

People in India are Hindu

In India, people are a member of the Hindu religion

Among people in India, everyone is a member of the Hindu religion

There's no religion that everyone in India is a member of

Everyone is Hindu

D

What religion do nearly all New Yorkers follow?

Christianity is the predominant religion in all U.S. states and territories. Christianity is the most prevalent religion in the United States. Islam is the third most widely professed religion in New York City, after Christianity and Judaism. thumb|right|250px|Religious Belief in North America, according to 2010-2012 data Religion in North America is dominated by various branches of Christianity and spans the period of Native American dwelling, European settlement, and the present day. Compared to Catholic, unaffiliated, and mainline Protestant Latinos, Evangelical Protestant Latinos are substantially more likely to attend services weekly, pray daily, and adhere to biblical literalism. == Trends == As of 2014, the majority of Hispanic Americans are Christians (80%), while 24% of Hispanic adults in the United States are former Catholics. 55%, or about 19.6 million Latinos, of the United States Hispanic population identify as Catholic. 22% are Protestant, 16% being Evangelical Protestants, and the last major category places 18% as unaffiliated, which means they have no particular religion or identify as atheist or agnostic. == See also == *Christianity *Christianity by country *Catholic Church by country *Religion in Latin America *Religion in Mexico *Religion in Brazil *Religion in Chile *Religion in Cuba *Religion in Puerto Rico *Religion in Colombia *Religion in Venezuela *Religion in Argentina == References == ==External links== * U.S. Hispanic Market in 2010 * Hispanic Heritage Foundation Category:Christianity in the United States Category:Hispanic and Latino demographics in the United States Religion in each of these countries is dominated by Christianity (77.4), making it the largest religious group in North America. ==By religion== ===Judaism=== *North America: 1.5% *United States: 1.7% to 2.9% *Canada: 1.2% *Mexico: 0.02% ===Christianity=== *North America: 75.2%calculated with country data-77.4% *Mexico: 87.7%Pew Research Center: Religion in Latin America Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region *United States: 73.7% *Canada: 67.3% ===Islam=== *Canada: 4.9%Canadians highlights *United States: 1.2%The Future of the Muslim Population - United States Pew Forum. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York is home to a large number of religious orders and congregations. The majority of Christian Americans are Protestant Christians (140 million; 42%), though there are also significant numbers of American Roman Catholics (70 million; 21%) and other Christian denominations such as Latter-day Saints, Orthodox Christians and Oriental Orthodox Christians, and Jehovah's Witnesses (about 13 million in total; 4%). Most Americans consider themselves religious or spiritual in some way, while Christianity is the most widely professed religion in the United States, with Protestantism being the dominant form of Christianity in the country. Between 1990 and 2008, the Catholic population proportion of the New England states fell from 50% to 36% and in New York fell from 44% to 37%, while it rose in California from 29% to 37% and in Texas from 23% to 32%. Religion in the United States according to the American Values Atlas published by the PRRI (2020) Religious Affiliation National % South % West % Midwest % Northeast % Christian 74 65 72 67 Protestant 53 36 50 39 White Evangelical 18 10 18 9 White Mainline Protestant 17 14 21 15 Black Protestant 10 3 6 8 Hispanic Protestant 4 5 2 4 Other non-white Protestant 4 4 3 3 Catholic 19 24 21 26 White Catholic 9 9 15 16 Hispanic Catholic 8 13 4 8 Other non-white Catholic 2 2 2 2 Mormon 1 4 1 1 Jehovah's Witness 1 1 Orthodox Christian 1 Unaffiliated 21 27 22 24 Non- Christian 5 8 6 9 Jewish 1 1 1 3 Muslim 1 1 1 1 Buddhist 1 1 1 1 Hindu 1 1 Other non-Christian 2 4 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 ===2014 Pew Research Center data=== upright=1.35|thumb|right|The map above shows plurality religious denomination by state as of 2014 according to the Pew Research Center. This survey found that 70% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans are Catholic, 20% are Protestant, 3% are "alternative Christians" (such as Latter- Day Saints or Jehovah's Witnesses). Mississippi is the most religious state in the country, with 63% of its adult population described as very religious, saying that religion is important to them and attending religious services almost every week, while New Hampshire, with only 20% of its adult population described as very religious, is the least religious state. Christianity is the largest religion in the United States at 63% of the population, with the various Protestant Churches having the most adherents.Tri-Faith America: How Catholics and Jews Held Postwar America to Its Protestant Promise by Kevin M. Schultz, p. 9Obligations of Citizenship and Demands of Faith: Religious Accommodation in Pluralist Democracies by Nancy L. Rosenblum, Princeton University Press, 2000 - 438, p. 156The Protestant Voice in American Pluralism by Martin E. Marty, chapter 1 According to a 2021 Pew Research Center survey, religiously unaffiliated adults rose to 29%. Their most recent data shows that approximately 70% of Americans are Christians (down from 71% in 2013), with about 46% of the population professing belief in Protestant Christianity, and another 22% adhering to Catholicism. Protestantism Catholicism Mormonism Unaffiliated Religion in the United States according to the Pew Research Center (2014) Affiliation % of U.S. population Christian Protestant Evangelical Protestant Mainline Protestant Black church Catholic Mormon Jehovah's Witnesses Eastern Orthodox Other Christian Unaffiliated Nothing in particular Agnostic Atheist Non-Christian Jewish Muslim Buddhist Hindu Other non-Christian Don't know/refused answer Total === 2010 ARDA data === The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) surveyed congregations for their memberships. According to a Public Religion Research Institute study in 2017, the majority of Hispanic and Latino Americans are Christians (76%), and about 11% of Americans identify as Hispanic or Latino Christian. == Roman Catholicism == The Spanish and Portuguese took the Roman Catholic faith to Latin America, and Roman Catholicism continues to be the largest, but not the only, religious denomination among most Latinos. Specifically, they are most often Roman Catholic. No religious community can match those numbers ==Other Abrahamic religions== ===Judaism=== After Christianity, Judaism is the next largest religious affiliation in the US, though this identification is not necessarily indicative of religious beliefs or practices. When consolidating all Christian denominations into one grouping, Judaism is the second-largest religion in the U.S., practiced by 2% of the population, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam, each with 1% of the population. Today, most Christian churches in the United States are either Mainline Protestant, Evangelical Protestant, or Catholic.God's Continent: Christianity, Islam, and Europe's Religious Crisis, p 284, Philip Jenkins - 2007 ==Major denominational families== 400px|thumb|right|The map above shows the largest religious denomination by state as of 2014. Roughly 48.9% of Americans are Protestants, 23.0% are Catholics, 1.8% are Mormons (members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints).

Nearly all New Yorkers are Christian

In New York, nearly everyone is Christian

Nearly all New Yorkers are Catholics

The religion that nearly all New Yorkers follow is Roman Catholicism

There's no religion that nearly all New Yorkers follow

E

Are most people in South Korea Christian?

As of 2010, 29% of the South Korean population is Christian. No less than 25 percent of the population in South Korea is now Protestant Christian. Essentially, the studies findings show that 50% of South Korean are now non-religious, 32% follow some section of Christianity, 16% are Buddhist, and 2% believe in some other form of religion. The 2005 South Korean census showed 29.2 percent of the population identifying as Christian, up from 26.3 percent ten years previously.figures from the 2005 census Figures from the 1995 census Catholics tend to be better educated than most other religious groups in South Korea, in the sense that they have a high number of college graduates (50.4%) and post-graduate degrees (11.6%) per capita. Religion in South Korea has been characterized by a rise of Christianity and a revival of Buddhism, though the majority of South Koreans have no religious affiliation or follow folk religions. A small percentage of South Koreans (0.8% in total) are members of other religions, including Won Buddhism, Confucianism, Cheondoism, Daesun Jinrihoe, Islam, Daejongism, Jeungsanism and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Of Asian countries, Korea had the most Christians. Religion in South Korea is diverse. The practice of Christianity in Korea is marginal in North Korea, but significant in South Korea, where it revolves around two of its largest branches, Protestantism and Catholicism, accounting for 8.6 millionAccording to figures compiled by the South Korean National Statistical Office. and 5.8 millionhttp://www.cbck.or.kr/bbs/bbs_read.asp?board_id=K1300&bid;=13013298 "Catholic Church in Korea Statistics 2017" retrieved April 12, 2018. members, respectively. Eventually, Korean Christians established their own churches not just in Korea but in other parts of the world; Korea is second only to the United States in the number of missionaries sent abroad. The younger demographic of South Korea tend to have a higher percentage of atheists, while the older demographics have remained relatively religious. There are four main denominations of Christianity in Korea: Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, and Catholic. While religiousness in South Korea experienced a sharp rise in the 20th century, the majority of South Koreans (56%) had no religious affiliation as of 2015 national census. South Korea also has the 5th largest population of atheists in the world, according to a 2012 Gallup International poll, which found that 15% of South Koreans were "convinced atheists." They insist that anyone, regardless of the wise or the ignorant, rich or poor, noble or low, can understand Buddhism. === Korean Christianity === Christianity in South Korea is mainly Protestant and Catholic; in the 2015 census, there were 9.7 million Protestants and 3.9 million Catholics. South Korea provides the world's second-largest number of Christian missionaries, surpassed only by the United States. Irreligion in South Korea is common, with 56% percent of the population saying they are not affiliated with a religion, as of the 2015 national census. "Characteristics of religious life in South Korea: A sociological survey." Among the reasons contributing to the growth in size of Christian communities in Korea was the fact that unlike in other countries, Christianity was not associated with colonial or imperialist power. Before the separation of the two Koreas, a large number of Christians lived in the northern part of the Korean peninsula, and the influence of Confucianism was not as strong as that in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. Presbyterians in South Korea worship in over 100 different Presbyterian denominational churches who trace their history back to the United Presbyterian Assembly. == History of Protestantism in Korea == In the past, Christianity in Asia was not very common. However, the actual number of Buddhists in South Korea is ambiguous as there is no exact or exclusive criterion by which Buddhists can be identified, unlike the Christian population.

Yes, Christianity is popular in Korea

Yes, most Koreans are Christian

Yes

Yes, most people in South Korea are Christian

No, less than a third of South Koreans are Christian

E

Americans are taller on average than which other places?

Below are two tables which report the average adult human height by country or geographical region. According to a study in France, executives and professionals are taller, and university students are taller than the national average. Country / region Average male height Average female height Stature ratio (male to female) Sample population / age range Share of pop. over 18 coveredPopulation data from International Data Base , United States Census Bureau.Urban population from The world bank , World Bank. Generally speaking, self-reported height tends to be taller than measured height, although the overestimation of height depends on the reporting subject's height, age, gender and region. * Different social groups can show different mean height. Under such circumstances, the mean height may not represent the total population unless sample subjects are appropriately taken from all regions with using weighted average of the different regional groups. *The figures demonstrate a discrepancy with many of the findings of the first table, for example with Bosnia and Herzegovina which is ranked sixth on the following table, an actual survey from 2014 already found males from 19–32 to average 183.9 cm as opposed to the 182.5 cm reported below; similarly Montenegro's male estimate of 183.3 cm may not compensate for the sometimes unfinished height growth of 17- and 18-year-olds who were part of a sample on the first table that already measured 182.9 cm on average. They have different distributions within the United States; in general, the northern half of the United States from Pennsylvania westward is dominated by German ancestry, and the southern-half by English and American. White Americans (European Americans) on average are: "98.6 percent European, 0.19 percent African and 0.18 percent Native American." The correlation between height and intelligence could also be confounded by how cultural and psychological factors affect the expression of intelligence. Both studies found a statistically significant correlation between managerial position and height; taller people were more likely to hold managerial positions, regardless of sex. Inferred British/Irish ancestry is found in European Americans from all states at mean proportions of above 20%, and represents a majority of ancestry, above 50% mean proportion, in states such as Mississippi, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Approximately 86% of European Americans today are of Northwestern and Central European ancestry, and 14% are of Southern European, Southeastern European, Eastern European, and Euro-Latino descent. European Americans (also referred to as Euro-Americans) are Americans of European ancestry. * Some countries may have significant height gaps between different regions. An individual's taller stature has been attributed to higher economic status, which often translates to a higher quality of nutrition. The study of height and intelligence examines correlations between height and human intelligence. Scandinavian ancestry in European Americans is highly localized; most states show only trace mean proportions of Scandinavian ancestry, while it comprises a significant proportion, upwards of 10%, of ancestry in European Americans from Minnesota and the Dakotas. == See also == * American ancestry * Anglo * Ethnic groups in Europe * European Canadians * European Oceanians * Immigration to the United States * Melting pot * Non-Latino whites * Stereotypes of white Americans * White Americans * White Anglo-Saxon Protestant * White ethnic * White Latino Americans * White Southerners * Romani Americans * American Jews * European Mexicans * White Americans in California * White Latin Americans * Colonial history of the United States * Hispanic and Latino Americans * White demographic decline * European emigration ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * Category:European- American culture Category:European diaspora in North America Category:Ethnic groups in the United States Category:Transatlantic cultural exchange Category:Transatlantic relations More recent studies have continued the research into a correlation between height and intelligence, but again were often not directly related to height and intelligence. In other words, smart men are more likely to mate with tall women, and smart women are more likely to mate with tall men, as both traits are affected by perceptions of cross- trait attractiveness. == Statistics == Across studies, the correlation coefficient of height and intelligence was generally found to be around 0.2,Sundet JM, Tambs K, Harris JR, Magnus P, Torjussen TM. A 1991 study conducted on 76,111 Danish men sought to test the height-intelligence positive correlation on either extremes of height. U.S. Census Bureau statisticians estimate that approximately 62 percent of European Americans today are either wholly or partly of English, Welsh, Irish, or Scottish ancestry.

UK

Americans are taller than Canadians

The Netherlands

Americans are taller than Scandinavians

Americans are taller on average than Mexicans and Indians

E

Why is Scotland part of England?

Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Scotland occupies the northern part of the United Kingdom. Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. right|thumb|Scotland is part of the United Kingdom in Europe. Scotland ( ) is a country that occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and forms part of the United Kingdom. Scotland's only land border is with England. Scotland had a long military tradition predating the Treaty of Union with England; the Scots Army and Royal Scots Navy were (with the exception of the Atholl Highlanders, Europe's only legal private army) merged with their English counterparts to form the Royal Navy and the British Army, which together form part of the British Armed Forces. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the northeast and east, and the Irish Sea to the south. At its borders in 1707, the Kingdom of Scotland was half the size of England and Wales in area, but with its many inlets, islands and inland lochs, it had roughly the same amount of coastline at . Scotland is represented in rugby tournaments by the Scotland national rugby union team. The union also created the Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Scotland's only land border is with England, and runs for between the basin of the River Tweed on the east coast and the Solway Firth in the west. Rugby in Scotland may refer to: *Rugby union in Scotland *Rugby league in Scotland Geographically, Scotland is divided between the Highlands and Islands and the Lowlands. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. After the Union of Crowns in 1603 conflict between Scotland and England ended, but Scotland found itself involved in England's foreign policy, opening up Scottish shipping to attack. Scotland competes with the England rugby team annually for the Calcutta Cup. There are three main geographical sub-divisions in Scotland separated by two boundary fault lines. Many laws differ between Scotland and the other parts of the United Kingdom, and many terms differ for certain legal concepts. Norway is located to the north-east of Scotland across the North Sea. ==Land== The total area of Scotland is . Kingdom of Scotland Succeeded by: Kingdom of Great Britain Succeeded by: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Succeeded by: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Category:1707 disestablishments in Scotland Category:Scottish monarchy Category:States and territories established in the 840s Category:States and territories disestablished in 1707 Category:States and territories disestablished in 1654 Category:States and territories established in 1660 Scotland Category:Former monarchies of Europe Category:Former countries in the British Isles Category:843 establishments Category:9th-century establishments in Scotland Scotland

Scotland is not part of England: it's part of the United Kingdom

Scotland is part of England because it joined with England

Scotland is part of England because of the United Kingdom

It's part of England because of the Act of Union

Scotland is part of England

A

Why is Northern Ireland part of England?

Northern Ireland can also be simply described as "part of the UK", including by the UK government offices. ===Alternative names=== Many people inside and outside Northern Ireland use other names for Northern Ireland, depending on their point of view. Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom (although it is also described by official sources as a province or a region), situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland. The territory that became Northern Ireland, within the Irish province of Ulster, had a Protestant and Unionist majority who wanted to maintain ties to Britain. Northern England, also known as the North of England, the North Country, or simply the North, is the northern area of England. Northern Ireland is a distinct legal jurisdiction, separate from the two other jurisdictions in the United Kingdom (England and Wales, and Scotland). Retrieved 27 March 2016. ) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland that is variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland is divided into six counties, namely: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone. Northern Ireland competes separately at the Commonwealth Games, and people from Northern Ireland may compete for either Great Britain or Ireland at the Olympic Games. ==History== The region that is now Northern Ireland was long inhabited by native Gaels who were Irish-speaking and predominantly Catholic.; Northern Ireland shares an open border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. It would divide Ireland into two self-governing UK territories: the six northeastern counties (Northern Ireland) being ruled from Belfast, and the other twenty-six counties (Southern Ireland) being ruled from Dublin. For the most part, Protestants feel a strong connection with Great Britain and wish for Northern Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom. Concerning Northern Ireland's status, it said that the UK Government's "clearly-stated preference is to retain Northern Ireland's current constitutional position: as part of the UK, but with strong links to Ireland".HM Government The United Kingdom's exit from and new partnership with the European Union; Cm 9417, February 2017 ==Politics== ===Background=== thumb|upright=2|center|A flowchart illustrating all the political parties that have existed throughout the history of Northern Ireland and leading up to its formation (covering 1889 to 2020)The main political divide in Northern Ireland is between unionists, who wish to see Northern Ireland continue as part of the United Kingdom, and nationalists, who wish to see Northern Ireland unified with the Republic of Ireland, independent from the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland is a common law jurisdiction and its common law is similar to that in England and Wales. thumb|Political map of Ireland The partition of Ireland () was the process by which the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland divided Ireland into two self-governing polities: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. Since partition, Irish nationalists/republicans continue to seek a united independent Ireland, while Ulster unionists/loyalists want Northern Ireland to remain in the UK. The absence of a distinct nation of Northern Ireland, separate within the island of Ireland, is also pointed out as being a problem with using the term and is in contrast to England, Scotland, and Wales. Cultural links between Northern Ireland, the rest of Ireland, and the rest of the UK are complex, with Northern Ireland sharing both the culture of Ireland and the culture of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland rugby union team could refer to: * Ireland national rugby union team (Irish rugby is administered on an all-Ireland basis) * Ulster Rugby (representing all nine counties of Ulster) * North of Ireland Football Club (rugby union) ==See also== * Rugby union in Ireland and :Category:Rugby union in Ireland Most Protestants were unionists/loyalists who sought to maintain Northern Ireland as a part of the United Kingdom, while most Catholics were Irish nationalists/republicans who sought an independent United Ireland. The smaller Northern Ireland was duly created with a devolved government (Home Rule) and remained part of the UK. The Northern Ireland Office represents the UK Government in Northern Ireland on reserved matters and represents Northern Ireland's interests within the UK Government. The BBC style guide is to refer to Northern Ireland as a province, and use of the term is common in literature and newspaper reports on Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom.

Northern Ireland is part of England because of the United Kingdom

Northern Ireland is part of England

It's part of England because of the Act of Union

Northern Ireland is not part of England: it's part of the United Kingdom

Because England conquered it

D

How come Ireland is part of Great Britain?

Great Britain and Ireland may refer to: *The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the sovereign state created in 1801, combining the former Kingdom of Great Britain with Ireland, separated by the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 * Great Britain and Ireland, the two largest islands in the British Isles * The present-day United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, two sovereign states ** Ireland–United Kingdom relations, the relations between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom ==See also== * Terminology of the British Isles Irish people in Great Britain or British Irish are immigrants from the island of Ireland living in Great Britain as well as their British-born descendants. Today, Ireland is divided between the independent Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, a constituent of the United Kingdom. The formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has involved personal and political union across Great Britain and the wider British Isles. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that comprised the entirety of the British Isles between 1801 and 1922. thumb|Political map of Ireland The partition of Ireland () was the process by which the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland divided Ireland into two self-governing polities: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. Independence for the Irish Free State in 1922 followed the partition of the island of Ireland two years previously, with six of the nine counties of the province of Ulster remaining within the UK, which then changed to the current name in 1927 of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. They formed a separate Irish parliament and declared an independent Irish Republic covering the whole island. Under the Treaty, the territory of Southern Ireland would leave the UK and become the Irish Free State. The Irish Parliament and Kingdom would be politically united with Great Britain as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, between 1801 and 1922, through the Acts of Union 1800. The smaller Northern Ireland was duly created with a devolved government (Home Rule) and remained part of the UK. Wiley, 2020. p. 598 At the Olympics, a person from Northern Ireland can choose to represent either the Republic of Ireland team (which competes as "Ireland") or United Kingdom team (which competes as "Great Britain"). ==See also== * Partitionism * Repartition of Ireland * Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border * United Ireland ==References== ==Further reading== * Denis Gwynn, The History of Partition (1912–1925). Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom. The Kingdom of Great Britain's fear of an independent Ireland siding against them with Revolutionary France resulted in the decision to unite the two countries. Ireland became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Act of Union 1800 from 1 January 1801. It was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into a unified state. Under its terms, the territory of Southern Ireland would leave the United Kingdom within one year and become a self-governing dominion called the Irish Free State. The establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922 led to the remainder later being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927. The union of Great Britain with most of Ulster was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927, and is known by this name to the present time. ==List of monarchs== Until 1927, the monarch's royal title included the words "of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland". The territory that became Northern Ireland, within the Irish province of Ulster, had a Protestant and Unionist majority who wanted to maintain ties to Britain. Wales was also now represented in Parliament at Westminster. ===English Conquest of Ireland=== By the 12th century, Ireland was divided. It would partition Ireland and create two self-governing territories within the UK, with their own bicameral parliaments, along with a Council of Ireland comprising members of both.

Ireland is part of Great Britain because of colonialism

Ireland is not part of Great Britain - it's independent

It's because Ireland was taken over

Because it was colonized

Ireland is part of Great Britain

B

Why is Ireland a part of England?

After the Irish War of Independence, the British divided Ireland into two self-governing polities; which later became Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. thumb|Political map of Ireland The partition of Ireland () was the process by which the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland divided Ireland into two self-governing polities: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. The membership of Northern Ireland in the UK is an equally controversial topic, whilst Welsh independence has also grown in support in recent years. ==Historical context== === Kingdom of England === The English national identity developed over a long period of time. They formed a separate Irish parliament and declared an independent Irish Republic covering the whole island. Support for secession of England (the UK's largest and most populated country) has been influenced by the increasing devolution of political powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, where independence from the United Kingdom (and in the case of Northern Ireland, reunification with the rest of Ireland) is a prominent subject of political debate. Since partition, Irish nationalists/republicans continue to seek a united independent Ireland, while Ulster unionists/loyalists want Northern Ireland to remain in the UK. The territory that became Northern Ireland, within the Irish province of Ulster, had a Protestant and Unionist majority who wanted to maintain ties to Britain. The smaller Northern Ireland was duly created with a devolved government (Home Rule) and remained part of the UK. Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom (although it is also described by official sources as a province or a region), situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland. 175px|thumb|England (red) within the United Kingdom (pink) along with Republic of Ireland and Isle of Man English independence is a political stance advocating secession of England from the United Kingdom. The England–Ireland football rivalry is a rivalry between England and Republic of Ireland football teams. Under the Treaty, the territory of Southern Ireland would leave the UK and become the Irish Free State. The split caused animosity between England and the Republic of Ireland which can be often seen when the countries meet in any sporting events. It would partition Ireland and create two self-governing territories within the UK, with their own bicameral parliaments, along with a Council of Ireland comprising members of both. The rest of Ireland had a Catholic, nationalist majority who wanted self-governance or independence. Since then there have a been a total of 16 matches between both the teams with England and Republic of Ireland winning six and two matches respectively and eight games ended in a draw. ==History== England and Ireland has a long-standing rivalry, stretching back to Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, when settlers started to control Irish affairs, British colonising the Irish Island and displacing the locals and with the Plantation of Ulster, the Catholic (local) majority was under the control of the Protestant minority settlers. In 1921, the Anglo-Irish Treaty was agreed, allowing Southern Ireland under the Irish Free State to become a Dominion, resulting in only Northern Ireland remaining within the UK, which in 1927 was formally renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. == English independence movement == === Parliament motion === In 2006 a motion was tabled in the UK parliament advocating for English independence, signed by four Members: Peter Atkinson of the Conservative Party, Angus MacNeil of the Scottish National Party and Bill Etherington and Elliot Morley of Labour. Under its terms, the territory of Southern Ireland would leave the United Kingdom within one year and become a self-governing dominion called the Irish Free State. On 6 December 1922, a year after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the territory of Southern Ireland left the UK and became the Irish Free State, now the Republic of Ireland. 175px|thumb|Northern Ireland (dark yellow) within the United Kingdom (light yellow) along with Republic of Ireland and Isle of Man Ulster nationalism is a minor school of thought in the politics of Northern Ireland that seeks the independence of Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom without joining the Republic of Ireland, thereby becoming an independent sovereign state separate from both. * Benedict Kiely, Counties of Contention: a study of the origins and implications of the partition of Ireland. The remaining six counties formed Northern Ireland.

Ireland is not part of England - it's independent

It's because Ireland was taken over

Ireland is part of England because of colonialism

Ireland is part of England because the English took over

Ireland is part of England

A

How come Canada is a part of the UK?

The term British Canadian is a subgroup of European Canadians and, according to Statistics Canada, can further be divided by nationality, such as English Canadian, Irish Canadian, or Scottish Canadian. English Canada comprises that part of the population within Canada, whether of British origin or otherwise, that speaks English. British Canadians primarily refers to Canadians who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to the British Isles, which includes the nations of England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Canadians in the United Kingdom, or Canadian Britons, are people from Canada living in the United Kingdom and their descendants. The term English Canada can also be used for one of the following: #Describing all the provinces of Canada that have an anglophone majority. thumb|The British Arctic Territories (darker region) upon incorporation into Canada The British Arctic Territories were a constituent region of British North America, composed of islands to the north of continental North America. Anglo-Canadian may refer to: * Canada–United Kingdom relations * A shorthand form for English Canadians Britain had in 1870 transferred most of its remaining land in North America, which was the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land, to Canada, and it became the Canadian North-West Territories, spelled the Northwest Territories from 1906. The history of English Canadians is bound to the history of English settlement of North America, and particularly New England, because of the resettlement of many Loyalists following the American Revolution in areas that would form part of Canada. As of 2016, 11,211,850 Canadians had British Isles geographical origins, constituting 32.5% of the total Canadian population and 44.6% of the total European Canadian population. The Parliament of the Province of Canada was the legislature for the Province of Canada, made up of the two regions of Canada West (formerly Upper Canada, later Ontario) and Canada East (formerly Lower Canada, later Quebec). == Creation of the Parliament == The Province of Canada was created by an Act of the British Parliament, the Act of Union 1840,Union Act, 1840 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35 (UK); re-printed RSC 1985, App. II, No. 4. which was proclaimed in force by the Governor General of the Canadas, Lord Sydenham, effective February 10, 1841.Union Act, 1840, s. 1.Proclamation, February 5, 1841, Journal of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, 1841, pp. v-vi. Because the new country of Canada was a federation, the Parliament's powers were divided between levels of government. #English Canadians, in some contexts, refers to Canadians who have origins in England, in contrast to Canadiens (i.e., French Canadians or ), Scottish Canadians, Irish Canadians, etc. ==See also== *Demolinguistic descriptors used in Canada *French Canadians *Official bilingualism in Canada *English Canadians ==References== Category:Canadian culture Category:Culture of Quebec Canada * Category:Linguistic geography of Canada The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland passed control of the islands to Canada in 1880 by means of an imperial order in council, the Adjacent Territories Order, under the royal prerogative.Order of Her Majesty in Council admitting all British possessions and Territories in North America and islands adjacent thereto into the Union, at the Court at Osborne House. #When discussing the Two Solitudes, in which English Canada (i.e. the anglophones of Canada) is one of two founding nations of Canada along with French Canada (i.e. the francophones of Canada), and in which these two societies share a country but rarely communicate with each other. The Act united the two provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into a single province, with a single parliament.Union Act, 1840, s. Canada had acquired those regions in 1870 and created the new Province of Manitoba, originally a square 18 times less its current size, as well as the new Northwest Territories, which by 1999 had ceded land to create today's Yukon and Nunavut Territories and the Provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, and ceded land to existing provinces' expansions into northern Ontario, northern Quebec, all of Manitoba, and the northeastern tip of British Columbia. == British Arctic Territory flag hoax == Flags of the World has a tradition of posting a new flag for the British Arctic Territory every 1 April. However, this number is likely an undercount due to the "Canadian" ethnic origin category on the census being the sole choice for many Canadians of British Isles descent who are several generations removed from their country of origin. == Terminology == "British Canadians" may include: Cornish Canadians; English Canadians (meaning either ethnic origin and heritage, or English-speaking (Anglophone) Canadians of any ethnic origin); Irish Canadians; Manx Canadians; Scottish Canadians; Scotch-Irish Canadians and Welsh Canadians. == History == The first documented source of individuals from the British Isles in what would become Canada comes from the Saga of Erik the Red and the Viking expedition of 1010 AD to Vinland (literally, the land of meadows), which is believed to refer to the island of Newfoundland. In 2001 some 72,518 people born in Canada were living in the UK according to the UK census. Lower Canada was renamed Canada East, and Upper Canada was renamed Canada West, but the two regions were administrative divisions only. It has led to some persistent misinformation on the web. ==See also== * Northern Canada * Northwest Passage ==References== Category:British Empire Category:History of Canada by location Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas Category:Regions of the Arctic Category:Northern Canada Category:1880 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Category:1880 disestablishments in North America A community of Welsh farmers was also established at Wood River near Ponoka, Alberta. == Demography == === Population === British Canadian Population History 1871−2016 Year Population % of total population 1871 2,110,502 1881 2,548,514 1901 3,063,195 1911 3,999,081 1921 4,868,738 1931 5,381,071 1941 5,715,904 1951 6,709,685 1961 7,996,669 1971 9,624,115 1981 11,110,925 1986 12,371,485 1991 12,047,920 1996 10,647,625 2001 9,971,615 2006 11,098,610 2011 11,343,710 2016 11,211,850 === Language === === Religion === ==See also== *European Canadians *English Canadians *Irish Canadians *Scottish Canadians *Welsh Canadians *British North America *British Columbia *British Americans *British–Canadian relations == Notes == == References == ===Bibliography=== * Category:Canadian people of British descent Category:British-Canadian culture Category:European Canadian

Canada is part of the United Kingdom

Canada is a part of the UK

Canada is a part of the UK for historical reasons

Canada is a part of the UK because the British took over the land

Canada is not part of the UK - it's independent

E

Why is part of Argentina in England?

thumb|Map of the Falkland Islands Falkland Islands English is mainly British in character. The Falklands War () was a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Argentina also has a claim to the islands, and in 1982, Argentine forces invaded the Falkland Islands. * Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833) * Argentina–United Kingdom relations * British naval forces in the Falklands War == Notes == == Footnotes == == Bibliography == * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * (English translation) * * * * * * * * * * Prince, Stephen. There is a strong British cultural influence in Argentina and a large Argentine-British community around Buenos Aires. The Falkland Islands are located in the South Atlantic Ocean between 51°S and 53°S on a projection of the Patagonian Shelf, part of the South American continental shelf. Governments of South American countries have generally shown support for Argentina over the Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute in recent years. This is a list of the ground forces from Argentina that took part in the Falklands War (). The Falklands comprise two main islands, West Falkland and East Falkland, and about 776 small islands. ==Geology== The geological history of the Falkland Islands began during the Precambrian era more than 1 billion years ago, when Proterozoic granites and gneisses were laid down in Gondwana. Falkland Islanders, who have inhabited the islands since the early 19th century, are predominantly descendants of British settlers, and strongly favour British sovereignty. In 1994, Argentina adopted a new constitution, which declared the Falkland Islands as part of one of its provinces by law. The Land that England lost: Argentina and Britain, a special relationship (IB Tauris, 1992). This is in contrast to the Falklands War when Britain was supported by Chile. Argentina had established Corbeta Uruguay in 1976, but prior to 1982 the United Kingdom had contested the existence of the Argentine base only through diplomatic channels. == Foreign involvement == ===Commonwealth=== The UK received political support from member countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. The absence of such rocks has led to an acidic substrate which manifests itself in the nature of the soil. ==Topographical description== thumb|250px|Topographic map of the Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands are an archipelago of 778 islands with an area of located in the South Atlantic Ocean on a projection of the Patagonian Shelf. The Falkland Islands are slightly smaller than Northern Ireland. Argentina asserted (and maintains) that the islands are Argentine territory, and the Argentine government thus characterised its military action as the reclamation of its own territory. It is believed that at times during the Pleistocene epoch, relative sea level was some lower than the present time–sufficient for the sound to be bridged. ===East Falkland=== East Falkland, which has an area of , a little over half the total area of the islands consists of two land masses of approximately equal size – the southerly part known as Lafonia, but the northerly part has no specific name. Foreign relations between the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have existed for over a century. British-Argentinian tension regarding claim to the Islands still exists, but as over 99.8% of Islanders voted to remain under British sovereignty in the last election, the identity of the island overall is tremendously British. "The Falklands Affair: A Review of the Literature," Political Studies, (June 1984) 32#2 pp 296–310 == Further reading == * Privratsky, Kenneth L.: Logistics in the Falklands War - A Case Study in Expeditionary Warfare, 2017, Pen & Sword, Great Britain, * Shields, John: Air Power in the Falklands Conflict - An Operational Level Insight into Air Warfare in the South Atlantic, 2021, Pen & Sword, Great Britain, == External links == * Argentine website with opinion pieces and photos of the war * Interview with the then British UN ambassador about initial post invasion peace efforts * * * * * * Victoria Cross and other decorations * Decorations specifically for the defence of South Georgia * * ex-7th Argentine Infantry Regiment veterans * * * * Category:1982 in Argentina Category:1982 in the Falkland Islands Category:1982 in the United Kingdom Category:20th-century military history of the United Kingdom Category:Argentina–United Kingdom military relations Category:Blockades Category:Conflicts in 1982 Category:Invasions by Argentina Category:Invasions of the United Kingdom Category:Territorial disputes of Argentina Category:Territorial disputes of the United Kingdom Category:Wars involving Argentina Category:Wars involving the United Kingdom The Falklands Plateau, a slightly shallower stretch of water lies to the immediate east of the Falkland Islands. thumb|Bathymetry of the Scotia Arc and Falklands plateau To the immediate south of the islands, the Falklands Plateau is split into two by the Falklands Trough, a submarine valley that separates the plateau proper from the Scotia Arc – an underwater ridge that links Tierra Del Fuego with the Burdwood Bank (where the water is only deep) and, further into the Atlantic Ocean/Great Southern Ocean, with a number of islands including South Orkneys, South Sandwich Islands and South Georgia.

The English took over the Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands are in England

No part of Argentina is in England but the Falkland Islands are a British territory

Part of Argentina is in England because of colonization

Because the English fought a war

C

Some of the EU countries that speak French are France and Belgium. Which other EU members speak French?

European French () is the variety of French spoken in Europe in French speaking countries or areas. == Geographic distribution == Among varieties of European French: *French of France, the predominant variety of the French language in France, Monaco and Andorra *Belgian French, the variety of French language spoken mainly in the French Community of Belgium *Swiss French, the variety spoken in the French-speaking area of Switzerland *Luxembourg French, the variety spoken in the French-speaking area of Luxembourg *Jersey Legal French, the official dialect of French used administratively in Jersey. As of 2018, 98% of the population was able to speak French at more or less a high level (usually as a second language), 78% spoke German, and 77% Luxembourgish (which is the most common native language). In Luxembourg, the dialect was phonetically transcribed into a new language, and while Luxembourgish and a mix of other different languages are spoken on the street, French is often the main language spoken next to German and sometimes Luxembourgish in shops or other commercial sites. The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where French is an official or de facto language. ==Only official language== ===Countries=== List of countries where French is the only official language: * Benin * Burkina Faso * Congo * Democratic Republic of Congo * Ivory Coast * France (Metropolitan France and Overseas France) * Gabon * Guinea * Mali * Monaco * Niger * Senegal * Togo ===Non-sovereign entities=== * Geneva, Switzerland * Jura, Switzerland * Neuchâtel, Switzerland * Quebec, Canada * Vaud, Switzerland ==Co-official use== ===Sovereign states=== In many countries, French is used as a co-official language alongside one or more other languages. In addition to Luxembourgish, French, and German; English is frequently an acceptable language for use in and with government services. == Statistics == The following tables list the percentage of inhabitants who are able to speak a language natively or as a second language. 2012 Luxembourgish French German English other Native language 52% 16% 2% 30% Second language 80% 69% 56% Combined 96% 71% 2005 Luxembourgish French German English other Native language 77% 6% 4% 1% 12% Second language 13% 90% 88% 60% Combined 90% 96% 92% 61% == See also == * Multilingualism in Luxembourg * Claims of Luxembourgish being an endangered language == References == Category:Luxembourgian culture List of countries where French is a co-official language: thumb|upright=1.5|Countries in the world with French as an official language. France has long been a patchwork of local customs and regional differences, and while most French people still speak the French language as their mother tongue, languages like Picard, Poitevin-Saintongeais, Franco-Provencal, Occitan, Catalan, Auvergnat, Corsican, Basque, French Flemish, Lorraine Franconian, Alsatian, Norman, and Breton remain spoken in their respective regions. This might be due to the fact that Francophonie as an organization seeks to promote the use of the French language around the world, rather than regulate it, and thus includes many members that are not French-speaking, such as Romania and Greece. == Education == Luxembourgish is taught at pre-primary level, there is an introductory program in French since 2017/18. Furthermore, this law recognizes the three languages of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish, French and German) as administrative languages. French Flemish (French Flemish: , Standard Dutch: , ) is a West Flemish dialect spoken in the north of contemporary France. * Belgium * Burundi * Cameroon * Canada * Chad * Central African Republic * Comoros * Djibouti * Equatorial Guinea * Haiti * Luxembourg * Madagascar * Rwanda * Seychelles * Switzerland * Vanuatu ===National subdivisions=== * Aosta Valley * Bern * Brussels * Fribourg * Jersey * New Brunswick * Northwest Territories * Nunavut * Puducherry * Valais * Wallonia * Yukon ==Officially recognized status== List of countries and dependencies that grant certain constitutional rights to the French language: * Guernsey * Lebanon * Mauritius * Louisiana ==Intergovernmental organizations== French is an official language, mostly in conjunction with English, of 36 international organisations. These include: No. Organization 1 Francophonie 2 United Nations 3 International Olympic Committee 4 European Union 5 African Union 6 NATO 7 World Trade Organization 8 Council of Europe ==Countries== This table shows the total populations of the countries, not the number of French speakers (some of these countries such as Canada have a majority that do not speak French). French remains the language of legislation, due to the application of the Napoleonic civil code in Luxembourg. == Participation in German and French language councils == thumb|Sign in a supermarket in French and Luxembourgish. The most common languages spoken by them, other than German and French, are Portuguese, English and Italian. However, that is not the case for Dutch and German dialects spoken at both sides of the Dutch-German border. ==See also== * Burgundian Netherlands * French Flanders * French Netherlands * Isogloss * Nord-Pas de Calais * Seventeen Provinces ==Footnotes== ==External links== *Akademie voor Nuuze Vlaemsche Taele tries to regulate this language *Flemish in France site UOC, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia), subsite Euromosaic – Research Centre of Multilingualism. *fvlinhetnederlands.actieforum.com Category:Languages of France Category:Ethnic groups in France Category:Dutch language Category:Dutch dialects Category:Endangered Germanic languages Treffen deutschsprachiger Länder in Luxemburg (27.9.2017) Luxembourg does however fully participate in the Francophonie and has members in the Académie française, despite French also only being an official, and not national, language. Large numbers of people of French ancestry outside Europe speak other first languages, particularly English, throughout most of North America (with Quebec and Acadians in the Canadian Maritimes being notable, not the only, exceptions), Spanish or Portuguese in southern South America, and Afrikaans in South Africa. The French people () are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The linguistic situation in Luxembourg is characterized by the practice and the recognition of three official languages: French, German, and the national language Luxembourgish, established in law in 1984. At the university level, multilingualism makes it possible for Luxembourgish students to continue their higher education in French, German or English-speaking countries. == Press, police, public services == German and French are the primary languages for public service information. The French language spoken in Belgium differs very little from that of France or Switzerland. Certain accents, such as in certain cities (notably Brussels and Liège) and those of speakers who are older and particularly less educated, are farther from the pronunciation of France.

Luxembourg has many French speakers and is in the EU

Switzerland and Luxembourg

Monaco

Andorra

A country that speaks French is Switzerland and Monaco

A

Why is Turkey in the EU?

Turkey is negotiating its accession to the European Union (EU) as a member state, following its application to become a full member of the European Economic Community (EEC), the predecessor of the EU, on 14 April 1987. Since 2005, Turkey is in accession negotiations with the European Union, having been an associate member since 1963 and is also in European Customs Union. Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey is a transcontinental presidential republic in Eurasia, mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. The EU and Turkey are in negotiations for amending the customs union agreement to add Turkey to the EU's present and future FTAs. == EU member state candidacy == Turkey has been an associate member of the European Community (EC) since 1964, following the signing in 1963 of the Ankara Agreement (EEC-Turkey Association Agreement (1963)) with the EEC. EU member states must unanimously agree on Turkey's membership for the Turkish accession to be successful. This will give Turkey a strong direct influence over EU policies. ==Turkish membership issues== ===Economy=== Turkey has the world's 11th largest GDP-PPP and 20th largest Nominal GDP. Turkey is ranked 25, ahead of several EU member countries. Turkey is a founding member of the United Nations, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, a member state of the Council of Europe since 1949, and of NATO since 1952. The government of Turkey rejects such a precondition for EU membership and does not accept it as a part of the EU membership criteria. During an interview with Euractiv, EU Minister Egemen Bağış stated that: "This is what Europe needs to do; they need to say that when Turkey fulfills all requirements, Turkey will become a member of the EU on date X. * Turkey's Chief Negotiator for the EU Egemen Bağış: "We Perceive Europe as a Union of Values" * Euronews: Turkey slams EU * The Telegraph: Boris Johnson says Britain will now help Turkey Category:Turkey–European Union relations Turkey Therefore, if Turkey is admitted, it could influence the EU legislation and administration in line with its own policies. This has played a significant role in the debate, due in part to the European debt crisis and the fact that as a result of this the eurozone and the EU overall is more federalised on both fiscal, legal and political levels than it was at the time of Turkey's application or at the time that Turkey was accepted as a candidate. He stated that April: * Primary reasons for Turkey's persistent requests to join the EU are, among others, the many Turks in Europe and the importance of trade between the two. In the earlier March–May 2006 Eurobarometer, citizens from the new member states were more in favour of Turkey joining (44% in favour) than the old EU-15 (38% in favour). The Eurobarometer September–October 2006 survey shows that 59% of EU-27 citizens are against Turkey joining the EU, while only about 28% are in favour. The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. As Turkey is in a customs union with the EU, it has to adjust its tariffs and duties to match those of the EU. "If we judge Cyprus to be in Europe, although it is an island along Syria's shores, it is hard not to consider that Turkey is in Europe," Bildt said, referring to Sarkozy's repeated statements that Turkey is not a European country and does not belong to Europe. Poland is a key supporter for Turkey's bid to join the EU, while the United Kingdom has expressed support previously, but not since leaving the EU. If Turkey were to join the European Union, Istanbul would become the most populous metropolis in the EU (as of 2004). ===Foreign relations with EU member states=== ====Cyprus==== Cyprus was divided when, on 20 July 1974, Turkey invaded and occupied a third of the island in response to an Athens-engineered coup aimed at annexing Cyprus to Greece. Since 2015, Turkish government has made several meetings to assess updating the agreement. == Euro-Mediterranean free trade area == Finally, Turkey is also member of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership and as such is interested in concluding free trade agreements with all other Mediterranean partners, with a view to the creation of a Euro-Mediterranean free trade area, originally aimed for by 2010. == See also == * European Union Customs Union * Ankara Agreement == References == ==External links== * Turkey border gridlock hints at pain to come for Brexit Britain The Financial Times, February 16, 2017 Turkey Category:Foreign trade of Turkey Category:Turkey–European Union relations Category:Treaties of Turkey Category:Customs unions Category:Economic history of Turkey

Turkey is in the EU for economic reasons

Turkey is part of the EU because it's in Europe

Turkey is not in the EU

Turkey is in the EU because it is a member of the Council of Europe

Turkey is in the EU because it joined the EU

C

Why is Russia a member of the EU?

Russia–European Union relations are the international relations between the European Union (EU) and Russia. Each of the EU member state is required to detain and transfer Putin and Lvova-Belova if any of the persons either sets foot on their territory. ==See also== * Common Economic Space of the CIS * East StratCom Task Force * EU-Russia Centre * European Union Association Agreement * Northern Dimension * Russia in the European energy sector *Russia–NATO relations ===Russia's bilateral relations with EU member states=== * Austria * Belgium * Bulgaria * Croatia * Cyprus * Czech Republic * Denmark * Estonia * Finland * France * Germany * Greece * Hungary * Ireland * Italy * Latvia * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Malta * Netherlands * Poland * Portugal * Romania * Slovakia * Slovenia * Spain * Sweden ==References== ==Further reading== * ==External links== * Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the European Union * The official site of the EU's delegation to Russia * European External Action Service: The EU's relations with Russia * European Union Institute for Security Studies: Research on EU-Russia Relations * Trade information between EU and Russia, Animated infographic, European Parliamentary Research Service * The Russo-Georgian War and Beyond: towards a European Great Power Concert, Danish Institute of International Studies * The EU and Russia cease to be a priority for each other: The squabble over WTO membership reveals the defunct state of the strategic partnership, FIIA Comment (15) 2012, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs Category:Contemplated enlargements of the European Union Category:Multilateral relations of Russia Category:Third-country relations of the European Union Full membership gives the government of a member state a seat in the Council of the European Union and European Council. Russia borders five EU member states: Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland; the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad is surrounded by EU members. This confusion is mainly caused by the closeness of the names of their bodies and institutions. == See also == * Foreign relations of the European Union == References == * * == External links == * Memorandum of Understanding between the Council of Europe and the European Union Council of Europe Category:Council of Europe The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. Vladimir Putin has said that Russia joining the EU would not be in the interests of either Russia or the EU, although he advocated close integration in various dimensions including establishment of four common spaces between Russia and the EU, including united economic, educational and scientific spaces as it was declared in the agreement in 2003. The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are signatories to the founding treaties of the union and thereby share in the privileges and obligations of membership. Council of Europe–European Union relations are the bilateral relations between the Council of Europe and the European Union. We may not be able to decide it alone, but we intend to sit down with our Schengen partners to see what can be done". ===EU membership discussion=== Among the most vocal supporters of Russian membership of the EU has been former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Russia joined the Council of Europe on 28 February 1996. In an article published to Italian media on 26 May 2002, he said that the next step in Russia's growing integration with the West should be EU membership.EU membership next step for Russia after NATO , Daily Times, 28 May 2002 On 17 November 2005, he commented in regards to the prospect of such a membership that he is "convinced that even if it is a dream ... it is not too distant a dream and I think it will happen one day."Italian PM Berlusconi confident Russia will join EU, EUbusiness, 17 November 2005 Berlusconi has made similar comments on other occasions as well.Do Not Adjust Your Sets, TIME Europe Magazine, 7 July 2003 Later, in October 2008, he said: "I consider Russia to be a Western country and my plan is for the Russian Federation to be able to become a member of the European Union in the coming years" and stated that he had this vision for years. Partnership and cooperation agreements are bilateral agreements with non- member nations. ===Defence=== The predecessors of the European Union were not devised as a military alliance because NATO was largely seen as appropriate and sufficient for defence purposes. 22 EU members are members of NATO and Sweden is in the process of accession while the remaining member states follow policies of neutrality. According to a number of surveys carried out by Deutsche Welle in 2012, from 36% to 54% of Russians supported Russia joining EU, and about 60% of them saw EU as an important partner for their country. On its accession to the Council of Europe the Russian Federation entered into a number of commitments. Russian permanent representative to the EU Vladimir Chizhov commented on this by saying that Russia has no plans of joining the EU. The report on the Honouring of obligations and commitments by the Russian Federation dated 2 June 1998 is of interest here. ==Effect of membership== The argument for admitting Russia to the Council of Europe rested on the belief that membership would lead it to change its behavior in line with the Council of Europe's fundamental values. Russia views some of the countries that applied to join the EU or NATO after the fall of the Iron Curtain as part of its sphere of influence. In 1992, the Committee of Ministers, the Council of Europe's executive, expressed support for eventual Russian membership when it met the requirements laid out in the Statute of the Council of Europe, namely pluralist parliamentary democracy and protection of rule of law and human rights. The European Council should not be mistaken for the Council of Europe, an international organisation independent of the EU and based in Strasbourg. Russia was a member of the Council of Europe, an international organization that focuses on the promotion of democracy and human rights, from 1996 to 2022. The Council of Europe and the European Union have shared relations since 1992.

Russia is not in the EU

Russia is in the EU

Russia is in the EU because it joined the EU

Russia is in the EU because it is a member of the Council of Europe

Russia is part of the EU because it's in Europe

A

Why is the Pope Italian?

The Italian Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Italy, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome, under the Conference of Italian Bishops. The pope serves also as Primate of Italy and Bishop of Rome. Italy Category:Catholicism in Italy Category:Italian culture Pope is a religious title traditionally accorded to the Bishop of Rome, the Coptic and Greek Orthodox Bishop of Alexandria, and some leaders of other ecclesial communities. There are two Catholic particular churches in Italy: * The Latin Church (absolute majority, uses Roman rite except in the Archdiocese of Milan where Ambrosian rite is used). When context is clear, "pope" may also be used in English to mean "Eastern Orthodox priest"."pope, n.1". The pope resides in the Vatican City, enclaved in Rome. Unlike most episcopal conferences, the president of the Italian conference is appointed by the pope, in his capacity as Primate of Italy. Francesco Ferrari may refer to: * Francesco Ferrari (bishop) (died 1507), Italian Roman Catholic bishop * Francesco Ferrari (footballer) (born 1998), Italian football player * Francesco Ferrari (painter) (1634–1708), Italian painter and architect * Francesco Ferrari (politician, born 1905) (1905–1975), Italian politician * Francesco Ferrari (politician, born 1946), Italian politician * Francesco Ferrari (water polo), participated for Italy at the 2005 Mediterranean Games In the Western Christian world "pope" is chiefly associated with the Bishops of Rome — from the 5th or 6th century it became, in the West, a title reserved exclusively for these bishops.Greer, Thomas H, Lewis, Gavin (2004). John XXIII today is affectionately known as the Good Pope (). ==Early life== thumb|The young Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was born on 25 November 1881 in Sotto il Monte, a small country village in the Bergamo province of the Lombardy region of Italy. The Latin Church in Italy is organized into: * 16 ecclesiastical regions (corresponding to the regions of Italy, with some consolidations). ** 42 ecclesiastical provinces divided into: *** 1 apostolic see (Diocese of Rome). *** 1 patriarchal see (Patriarchate of Venice). *** 40 metropolitan archdioceses. *** 20 archdioceses. *** 155 dioceses (see: List of Catholic dioceses in Italy). *** 2 territorial prelatures: Territorial Prelature of Loreto and Territorial Prelature of Pompei. *** 6 territorial abbeys: Monte Oliveto Maggiore, Montecassino, Montevergine, Santa Maria di Grottaferrata, La Trinità della Cava and Subiaco. *** 1 military ordinariate: Military Ordinariate in Italy. === Catholic lay organizations === * Azione Cattolica (organization of the Catholic Action in Italy) * Forum Oratori Italiani (umbrella of Catholic youth organizations and youth ministry) ==See also== *List of Catholic dioceses in Italy *Catholic Church in San Marino ==References== ==Further reading== * Allum, Percy. Since May 2022, the president of the episcopal conference has been Cardinal Matteo Maria Zuppi. ===Organization=== thumb|upright|Map of the 16 Italian ecclesiastical regions The Primate of Italy is the Bishop of Rome, who is also ex officio Pope of the Catholic Church. Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini, the Archbishop of Milan, a possible candidate, but, although he was the archbishop of one of the most ancient and prominent sees in Italy, he had not yet been made a cardinal. There are 225 dioceses in the Catholic Church in Italy, see further in this article and in the article List of Catholic dioceses in Italy. Despite its earlier use to refer to any bishop, in 998 an Archbishop of Milan was rebuked for having called himself "pope",Addis, William E., Arnold, Thomas (2004). Pope John XXIII (; ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (; 25 November 18813 June 1963), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 1963. De Francesco (or de Francesco) is an Italian surname. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest recorded use of the title "pope" in English is in an Old English translation (c. 950) of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People: In Modern English: ==Later history and contemporary use== The title pope continues to be used by Alexandrian bishops; both the Coptic Orthodox and Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria are known as the "Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria".Meinardus, Otto F. (2003). In addition to Italy, two other sovereign nations are included in Italian-based dioceses: San Marino and the Vatican City. Both terms come from the Greek πάππας, father. ==Etymology== The word pope is derived ultimately from the Greek πάππαςLiddell and Scott (páppasAmerican Heritage Dictionary of the English Language ) originally an affectionate term meaning "father", later referring to a bishop or patriarch.Pope, Etymonline. Italy has 225 dioceses and archdioceses, more than any other country in the world with the exception of Brazil.

The Pope is Italian because he's in Italy

All of the above

The Pope is not Italian today and does not have to be

The Pope is Italian because he is head of the Roman Church

The Pope is Italian because he's in Rome

C

What are the richest countries in the EU by GDP per capita?

thumb|285x285px|Map of the European countries by GDP (nominal) per capita in 2021 (includes transcontinental countries) This is a list and map of European states by GDP per capita. Rank Region Country GDP per capita EURCounty Incomes and Regional GDP, Central Statistics Office, February 27, 2020. This is a list of European Union regions (NUTS2 regions) sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP). Accessed November 12, 2020. 1 Wolfsburg 182,300 2 Ingolstadt 129,900 3 Luxembourg 114,370 4 Hauts-de-Seine 103,900 5 Dublin 101,344 6 Munich (district) 100,600 == See also == *List of European regions by GDP *List of NUTS regions in the European Union by GDP *List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita ==References== Category:NUTS 3 statistical regions of the European Union thumb|NUTS-3 regions in EU with GDP per capita over 100,000 EUR|300px This is a list of NUTS-3 regions in EU which have a Nominal GDP per capita over €100,000. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living;French President seeks alternatives to GDP, The Guardian 14-09-2009. however, this is problematic because GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income. == List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal) per capita 2021== * The "IMF" column includes data for the year 2021 for members of the International Monetary Fund. This is the map and list of European countries by monthly average wage (annual divided by 12 months) gross and net income (after taxes) average wages for full-time employees in their local currency and in euros. This is a list of estimates of the real gross domestic product growth rate (not rebased GDP) in European countries for the latest years recorded in the CIA World Factbook. Location Net, in € Exchange rate to € Net, in local currency Gross, in local currency Year link=European Free Trade Association Switzerland €4,941 1.01 CHF 4,870 CHF 6,665 2020 link=European Free Trade Association Norway €3,314 0.0974 NOK 34,114 NOK 45,830 2022 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Netherlands €2,498 1 €2,498 €3,208 2022 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Germany €2,402 1 €2,402 €3,672 2022 Sweden €2,376 0.0975 SEK 25,191 SEK 33,200 2021 United Kingdom €2,283 1.18 £1,935 £2,421 2022 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Finland €2,195 1 €2,195 €3,217 2020 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Belgium €2,190 1 €2,190 €3,486 2021 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Ireland €2,185 1 €2,185 €2,575 2018 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Austria €2,516 1 €2,516 €3,542 2021 link=Eurozone#European Union member states France €1,975 1 €1,975 €2,650 2020 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Spain €1,530 1 €1,530 €1,897 2021 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Italy €1,503 1 €1,501 €1,870 2022 Czech Republic €1,286 0.0425 CZK 30,286 CZK 37,463 2022 20px|link=Eurozone#European Union member states Slovenia €1,187 1 €1,187 €1,763 2021 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Estonia €1,084 1 €1,084 €1,289 2022 20px|link=Eurozone#European Union member states Malta €1,057 1 €1,057 €1,277 2021 20px|link=Eurozone#European Union member states Portugal €1,002 1 €1,002 €1,361 2021 Croatia €899 0.1328 HRK 6,751 HRK 8,458 2022 Poland €868 0.207 PLN 4,178 PLN 5,700 2021 20px|link=Eurozone#European Union member states Greece €841 1 €841 €1,034 2020 20px|link=Eurozone#European Union member states Slovakia €830 1 €830 €1,081 2020 20px|link=Eurozone#European Union member states Latvia €740 1 €740 €994 2021 Hungary €676 0.00253 HUF 275,300 HUF 396,800 2021 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement Serbia €548 0.0085 RSD 64.363 RSD 83.359 2023 link=Eurasian Economic UnionRussia €402 0.011 ₽ 36,561 ₽ 42,024 2023 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement Kosovo €432 1 €484 €484 2021 GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Georgia €392 0.3060 GEL 1,156 GEL 1,446 2022 Bulgaria €389 0.5113 BGN 760 BGN 845 2018 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement North Macedonia €381 0.0162 MKD 23,478 MKD 34,874 2019 link=Eurasian Economic Union Belarus €376 0.2735 Br 950 Br 1,092 2021 GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Ukraine €375 0.0311 ₴ 12,075 ₴ 15,000 2022 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement Albania €363 0.0082 ALL 42,558 ALL 51,081 2022 ==Average monthly gross wage (1998–2018)== Country in EUR 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 \- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 325 343 346 365 396 \- 35 46 49 50 53 66 91 120 159 194 189 207 208 219 269 287 323 328 326 303 \- - - - - - 2,988 3,086 3,191 3,277 3,410 3,492 3,540 3,625 3,728 3,817 3,880 3,973 4,081 4,164 4,261 \- 2,238 2,293 2,401 2,441 2,531 2,662 2,703 2,766 2,837 2,936 3,027 3,103 3,192 3,258 3,300 3,414 3,445 3,489 3,558 232 257 276 306 337 367 382 407 444 488 569 616 622 650 660 660 659 659 665 675 697 94 103 115 123 132 140 150 166 184 220 279 311 331 351 374 396 420 449 485 530 586 \- - 638 677 724 743 798 844 906 961 1,044 1,051 1,054 1,049 1,048 1,048 1,042 1,058 1,030 1,080 1,139 \- - - - - 1,468 1,507 1,561 1,636 1,699 1,801 1,870 1,915 1,967 1,988 1,945 1,892 1,882 1,879 1,892 1,939 \- - 371 422 504 516 547 616 690 755 906 883 944 995 997 964 936 975 1,027 1,126 1,243 \- - - - - - - - - - - 5,799 4,960 5,037 5,144 5,190 5,246 5,331 5,412 5,531 5,626 \- - 314 352 393 430 466 516 601 725 825 784 792 839 887 949 1,005 1,065 1,146 1,221 1,310 \- - - - - - - 2,555 2,634 2,734 2,876 2,971 3,040 3,109 3,206 3,284 3,308 3,333 3,368 3,395 3,465 \- - - 51 55 52 66 90 125 161 244 239 253 271 336 350 349 357 359 353 376 2,447 2,518 2,551 2,617 2,701 2,783 2,846 2,901 2,950 3,023 3,103 3,141 3,227 3,311 3,391 3,449 3,527 3,612 3,703 3,771 3,880 281 305 337 403 504 541 578 638 648 736 792 712 735 763 771 777 770 800 845 961 1,035 \- - - - - - - - - - 3,358 2,461 2,662 2,850 3,036 3,239 3,636 4,183 4,963 5,865 5,645 \- - - - - - - - - - 3,682 3,698 3,697 3,669 3,708 3,726 3,736 3,755 3,803 3,867 3,966 \- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 431 444 482 510 519 528 558 190 201 213 227 246 274 300 350 430 566 682 655 633 660 685 716 765 818 859 926 1,004 \- - 281 285 294 311 333 370 433 522 623 596 576 593 615 646 677 714 774 840 924 1,296 \- - - - - - - 3,647 3,776 3,909 4,051 4,168 4,276 4,376 4,487 4,616 4,734 4,811 4,848 5,007 5,143 \- - \- - 35 47 54 57 72 84 103 124 165 177 181 196 223 225 224 221 231 274 325 \- - 158 176 251 271 303 326 433 497 609 643 715 722 727 726 723 725 751 765 766 \- - - - - - - - 378 396 430 491 495 500 501 500 510 525 535 549 579 \- 2,709 2,911 3,069 3,511 3,406 3,374 3,642 3,793 4,025 4,149 4,044 4,584 4,889 5,298 5,251 5,064 4,758 4,661 4,751 4,753 319 404 480 562 553 501 505 591 636 711 837 717 807 825 841 870 904 932 928 1,003 1,076 678 700 729 - 817 850 878 907 934 963 1,008 1,034 1,075 1,084 1,095 1,093 1,093 1,097 1,108 1,133 1,170 149 118 142 162 170 177 202 275 325 418 478 435 452 467 463 489 524 575 626 706 965 \- - - - 218 255 283 307 377 485 561 470 460 517 508 537 524 506 516 544 580 \- - 379 410 485 510 566 614 656 719 773 745 769 786 805 824 858 883 912 954 1,013 \- - - - - - - 1,157 1,213 1,285 1,391 1,439 1,495 1,525 1,525 1,523 1,540 1,556 1,585 1,627 1,682 \- - 1,443 1,493 1,550 1,670 1,718 1,764 1,832 1,937 2,014 2,065 2,126 2,157 2,169 2,183 2,206 2,204 2,213 2,243 2,295 2,083 2,203 2,403 2,302 2,412 2,499 2,586 2,617 2,701 2,790 2,821 2,627 2,977 3,210 3,423 3,538 3,452 3,420 3,463 3,499 3,373 55 41 46 65 75 77 89 126 164 195 234 175 214 239 296 309 221 173 183 237 276 363 \- 2,660 3,054 3,163 3,262 3,068 3,220 3,342 3,445 3,522 3,172 2,904 3,021 3,033 3,268 3,177 3,371 3,773 3,442 2,451 2,389 ==Gross, net and PPS (2000–2018)== Country Average monthly salary Gross EUR Net EUR Net PPP in $ 2000 2005 2009 2014 2018 2000 2005 2009 2014 2018 2000 2005 2009 2014 2018 325 396 46 91 189 287 303 105 266 426 271 2,293 2,703 3,027 276 407 616 659 697 190 275 404 424 449 616 846 1,099 1,194 1,252 115 166 311 420 580 90 130 244 329 450 384 490 750 1,018 1,325 638 844 1,051 1,042 1,139 436 591 724 725 842 1,010 1,236 1,386 1,502 1,755 1,561 1,870 1,895 1,939 371 547 883 936 1,243 314 516 784 1,005 1,310 246 411 637 799 1,098 676 981 1,264 1,445 1,900 2,555 2,971 3,308 3,465 1,626 1,825 2,003 2,194 1,844 2,107 2,342 2,676 90 239 349 376 337 638 712 770 1,035 215 416 442 504 688 613 928 1,017 1,209 1,627 5,393 3,665 3,698 3,736 3,966 1,771 2,074 2,262 2,381 2,464 482 558 430 498 213 350 655 765 1,004 154 250 486 560 742 478 649 1,006 1,118 1,455 281 370 596 677 924 201 266 464 527 720 506 690 1,067 1,166 1,548 158 326 643 723 766 97 213 463 477 511 456 745 1,251 1,321 1,320 491 510 579 168 206 326 347 395 591 727 1,095 1,130 1,200 480 623 766 957 1,134 729 907 1,034 1,093 1,170 142 275 435 524 965 107 212 321 382 579 472 684 877 1,014 1,474 86 245 423 665 574 75 213 368 578 499 265 584 1,157 1,346 1,647 379 614 745 858 1,013 1,157 1,439 1,540 1,682 736 930 1,005 1,093 1,206 1,440 1,656 1,815 307 470 524 580 210 338 380 420 267 690 949 1,101 1,204 1,443 1,764 2,065 2,206 2,295 2,403 2,617 2,627 3,452 3,373 46 126 175 221 276 ==See also== *List of countries by wealth per adult *List of European countries by minimum wage *List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita *List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita *European countries by electricity consumption per person *European countries by health expense per person *European countries by percentage of urban population *List of European countries by life expectancy *List of US states by minimum wage *List of U.S. states and territories by median wage and mean wage *List of American countries by average wage *List of Asian countries by average wage ==References== ==External links== *Salary Survey *Salary in Germany *Eurostat: Wages and labour costs *Eurostat: Minimum wages August 2011 *FedEE;Pay in Europe 2010 *Wages (statutory minimum, average monthly gross, net) and labour cost (2005) CE Europe *Wages and Taxes for the Average Joe in the EU 27 2009 *Moldovans have lowest wages in Europe *UK Net Salary Calculator *Database Central Europe: wages in Central and Eastern Europe Wage List Europe In some countries, social security, contributions for pensions, public schools, and health are included in these taxes. ==Maps== ===Net average monthly salary=== The countries and territories have a net average monthly salary of: above €3,000 €2,000 to €2,999 €1,000 to €1,999 €500 to €999 below €500 ===Gross average monthly salaries=== The countries and territories on the map have gross average monthly salaries (taxable income) of: above €5,000 €3,000 to €4,999 €2,000 to €2,999 €1,000 to €1,999 below €1,000 ===Net average monthly salary (adjusted for living costs in PPP)=== The countries and territories on the map have a net average monthly salary (adjusted for living costs in PPP) of: above $4,000 $3,000 to $3,999 $2,000 to $2,999 $1,499 to $1,999 below $1,500 == European and transcontinental countries by monthly average wage == State Net in local currency Gross in local currency Exchange rate to € Date Gross in € Net in € Net PPP in Int$ link=Central European Free Trade Agreement Albania ALL 53,939 ALL 66,014Albanian Institute of Statistics 0.00886 2022-Q4 584 477 1,140 link=Eurasian Economic Union Armenia ֏ 173,108 ֏ 239,742 0.0024 2022-08 576 416 1,051 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Austria €2,807 €4,104 1 2021 4,104 2,807 3,904 GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Azerbaijan ₼ 659 ₼ 766 0.55 2022-01 423 364 1,189 link=Eurasian Economic Union Belarus BYN 1,578 BYN 1,814 0.372 2023-03 675 588 1,693 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Belgium €2,463 €3,832 1 2020 3,832 2,463 3,450 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement Bosnia and Herzegovina BAM 1,260 BAM 1,942 0.5113 2023-03 992 644 1,621 Bulgaria BGN 1,511 BGN 1,947 0.5113 2022-12 995 773 2,102 link=Eurozone#European Union member statesCroatia €1,130 €1,556 1 2023-03 1,556 1,130 2,511 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Cyprus €1,658 €1,992 1 2019-Q3 1,992 1,658 2,750 Czech Republic CZK 33,100 CZK 41,265 0.0423 2023-Q1 1,745 1,400 2,414 Denmark DKK 30,971 DKK 45,482 0.13426 2021 6,107 4,159 4,894 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Estonia €1,356 €1,701 1 2022-09 1,701 1,356 2,493 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Finland €2,035 €3,315 1 2021 3,315 2,035 2,461 link=Eurozone#European Union member states France €2,464 €3,530 1 2020 3,530 2,464 3,556 GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Georgia ₾1,233 ₾1,541 0.35 2022-Q2 538 431 1,225 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Germany €2,654 €4,105 1 2022-04 4,105 2,645 3,674 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Greece €1,092 €1,176 1 2022 1,176 1,092 2,068 Hungary HUF 398,800 HUF 577,900 0.002666 2023-03 1,541 1,061 2,505 link=European Free Trade Association Iceland ISK 490,000 ISK 721,000 0.0067 2018 4,862 3,304 3,296 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Ireland €3,086 €4,002 1 2023-Q1 4,002 3,086 4,029 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Italy €1,740 €2,479 1 2022 2,479 1,740 2,802 link=Eurasian Economic Union Kazakhstan ₸ 274,613 ₸ 340,636 0.002055 2023-Q1 564 700 1,416 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement Kosovo €432 Kosovo Agency of Statistics. €484 1 2021 484 432 1,242 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Latvia €1,117 €1,525 1 2023-03 1,525 1,117 2,113 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Lithuania €1,218 €1,960 1 2023-Q1 1,960 1,218 2,543 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Luxembourg €3,699 €5,411 1 2020 5,411 3,699 4,321 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Malta €1,335 €1,706 1 2022 1,706 1,335 2,459 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement 20px|GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Moldova MDL 9,198 MDL 11,486 0.05237 2023-Q1 602 482 1,291 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement Montenegro €793 €988 1 2023-05 988 793 2,023 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Netherlands €3,145 €4,191 1 2022-Q1 4,191 3,145 4,199 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement North Macedonia MKD 34,364 MKD 51,387 0.0162 2022-08 832 557 1,767 link=European Free Trade Association Norway NOK 38,950 NOK 53,150 0.085 2022 4,505 3,301 3,627 Poland PLN 5,449 PLN 7,508 0.2259 2023-03 1,696 1,231 2,719 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Portugal €1,212In Portugal wages are paid 14 times. Eurostat calculates the GDP based on the information provided by national statistics institutes affiliated to Eurostat. thumb|440x440px|Countries by the number of billionaires by net worth (USD) in 2017 This is a list of countries by their number of billionaire residents, based on annual assessments of the net worth in United States Dollars of wealthy individuals worldwide. == Forbes == Per Forbes (April 2023) Rank Country/Territory Number of billionaires Number of billionaires per million people World 2,640 0.35 1 735 1.853 2 495 0.253 3 169 0.103 4 126 1.460 5 105 0.856 6 66 8.698 7 64 0.607 8 63 1.129 9 52 0.715 9 52 1.559 11 51 0.211 12 47 1.229 13 43 0.579 14 41 4.044 15 40 0.207 16 39 2.987 17 35 4.573 18 30 3.158 18 30 0.395 20 29 0.056 21 28 0.300 22 27 0.507 23 26 0.298 24 18 0.388 25 14 0.095 25 14 0.136 27 12 0.683 27 12 2.226 29 11 1.007 29 11 0.913 31 9 1.808 32 8 9.008 32 8 1.370 34 7 0.356 34 7 0.183 34 7 1.272 37 6 0.059 37 6 0.560 37 6 0.318 37 6 0.041 37 6 0.886 42 5 0.084 42 5 0.144 42 5 0.109 45 4 0.427 45 4 0.348 45 4 0.079 48 3 0.014 48 3 0.587 48 3 78.740 51 2 0.291 2 0.061 2 37.037 2 0.104 2 3.849 2 0.366 2 0.537 2 0.584 58 1 0.497 1 3.559 1 0.751 1 0.033 1 0.028 1 0.223 1 0.035 1 0.022 1 0.031 1 0.915 1 15.834 1 0.103 1 2.713 1 25.710 1 1.464 1 0.224 1 0.017 1 0.063 1 0.368 == Knight Frank's Wealth Report == Per Knight Frank's Wealth Report (2018) Rank Country/Territory Number of billionaires World 3,381 1 585 2 373 3 123 4 119 5 101 6 64 7 54 8 46 9 44 10 43 11 40 12 36 13 35 13 35 14 34 == Hurun Global Rich List == Per Hurun Global Rich List (2022) Rank Country/Territory Number of billionaires Major cities of residents 1 846 Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Foshan, Suzhou 2 691 New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Dallas 3 187 Mumbai, New Delhi, Bangalore 4 144 Munich, Hamburg 5 134 London, Liverpool 6 100 Geneva, Zurich 7 77 Hong Kong 8 73 Paris 9 70 Moscow 10 58 Milan 11 51 São Paulo 12 46 Taipei 12 46 Bangkok 14 45 14 45 Sydney 16 37 Singapore 17 35 Jakarta 18 33 Seoul 19 32 Tokyo 20 27 Stockholm 21 26 22 20 22 20 Dubai 22 20 25 19 ==See also== * List of cities by number of billionaires * List of countries by number of millionaires * List of countries by share of income of the richest one percent * The World's Billionaires * Millionaire * List of wealthiest families ==References== Category:Lists of people by wealth Category:Lists of countries by economic indicator The figures are in millions of nominal euros, purchasing power standards and purchasing power standard per capita. In certain countries, actual incomes may exceed those listed in the table due to the existence of grey economies. The list includes all members of the Council of Europe and Belarus apart from those countries with GDP growth estimates older than 2014. ==List== {| class="wikitable sortable" Rank Country GDP growth rate (%) Year 1 5.90 2017 est. 2 5.86 2019 est. 3 5.40 2015 est. 4 5.00 2019 est. 5 4.94 2019 est. 6 4.58 2019 est. 7 4.55 2019 est. 8 4.50 2017 est. 9 4.33 2019 est. 10 4.30 2017 est. 11 4.20 2019 est. 12 4.18 2019 est. 13 3.70 2017 est. 14 3.39 2019 est. 15 3.24 2019 est. 16 3.08 2019 est. 17 3.00 2017 est. 18 2.94 2019 est. 19 2.85 2019 est. 20 2.40 2019 est. 20 2.40 2019 est. 21 2.31 2019 est. 22 2.27 2019 est. 23 2.24 2019 est. 23 2.24 2019 est. 24 2.08 2019 est. 25 1.95 2019 est. 26 1.94 2019 est. 27 1.90 2017 est. 28 1.87 2019 est. 29 1.80 2012 est. 30 1.63 2019 est. 31 1.49 2019 est. 32 1.42 2019 est. 33 1.41 2019 est. 34 1.29 2019 est. 35 1.26 2019 est. 36 1.22 2019 est. 37 1.15 2019 est. 38 1.11 2019 est. 39 1.00 2016 est. 40 0.86 2019 est. 41 0.59 2019 est. 42 0.40 2015 est. 43 0.34 2019 est. 44 2015 est. 45 align="center" 2015 est. ==See also== * Economic growth * GDP ==References== GDP growth Europe Countries by GDP growth The list presents statistics for 2021 from Eurostat, . The figures presented do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. __TOC__ == 2021 list == List of European regions and territories by GDP in 2021 Region (NUTS2) Country Nominal GDP million EUR (2021) GDP in PPS million EUR (2021) GDP in PPS per capita in EUR (2021) GDP in PPS per capita in percentage of the EU average (2021) Population in millions rowspan="11" 90,459 81,408 66,200 204 1.205 98,189 88,364 46,900 145 1.850 31,766 28,588 32,300 99 0.873 62,123 55,907 36,300 112 1.506 51,731 46,555 39,800 123 1.139 52,323 47,087 39,000 120 1.192 21,155 19,038 46,500 143 0.402 36,940 33,244 24,600 76 1.344 34,715 31,242 28,000 86 1.108 7,887 7,098 24,200 75 0.285 14,697 13,227 26,300 81 0.495 North West rowspan="6" 5,034 9,080 12,800 39 0.756 North Central 5,362 9,670 12,800 39 0.795 North East 7,103 12,810 14,000 43 0.934 South East 8,210 14,807 14,600 45 1.040 South West 35,869 64,690 31,100 96 2.108 South Central 9,499 17,132 12,300 38 1.417 rowspan="8" 65,413 87,259 65,800 203 1.295 26,863 35,834 25,700 79 1.353 Southwest 22,996 30,676 24,900 77 1.221 Northwest 16,530 22,051 19,800 61 1.117 Northeast 27,773 37,049 24,400 75 1.511 Southeast 35,334 47,135 27,700 85 1.692 Central Moravia 22,155 29,554 24,400 75 1.216 21,184 28,259 23,600 73 1.216 Capital Region of Denmark rowspan="5" 143,430 107,315 57,700 178 1.823 Zealand 32,413 24,252 28,800 89 0.835 Southern Denmark 61,686 46,154 37,700 116 1.221 Central Jutland 69,727 52,171 39,000 120 1.314 North Jutland 26,934 20,153 34,100 105 0.589 Stuttgart (district) rowspan="38" 228,222 205,501 49,500 153 4.127 Karlsruhe (district) 132,252 119,086 42,400 131 2.796 Freiburg (district) 93,848 84,505 37,000 114 2.255 Tubingen (district) 88,301 79,511 42,500 131 1.846 Upper Bavaria 296,743 267,201 56,600 174 4.650 Lower Bavaria 52,914 47,646 38,100 118 1.230 Upper Palatinate 51,234 46,134 41,400 128 1.104 Upper Franconia 43,591 39,251 37,000 114 1.067 Middle Franconia 86,003 77,441 43,600 134 1.760 Lower Franconia 56,994 51,320 38,900 120 1.313 Swabia 80,667 72,636 38,000 117 1.873 Berlin 163,828 147,518 40,200 124 3.613 Brandenburg 78,901 71,046 28,000 86 2.504 Bremen 34,369 30,947 45,600 141 0.681 Hamburg 127,347 114,669 61,900 191 1.831 Darmstadt (district) 218,549 196,792 48,900 151 3.978 Gießen (district) 39,154 35,256 33,600 104 1.046 Kassel (district) 47,299 42,590 35,000 108 1.219 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 49,587 44,650 27,700 85 1.611 Braunschweig (district) 80,363 72,363 45,500 140 1.596 Hanover (district) 88,400 79,600 37,000 114 2.144 Lüneburg (district) 52,524 47,295 27,400 84 1.706 Weser-Ems 97,346 87,655 34,400 106 2.516 Düsseldorf (district) 227,644 204,981 39,400 122 5.199 Cologne (district) 199,040 179,225 40,100 124 4.454 Münster (district) 95,788 86,252 32,800 101 2.621 Detmold (district) 85,138 76,662 37,300 115 2.054 Arnsberg (district) 131,845 118,719 33,300 103 3.584 Koblenz (district) 55,229 49,731 33,100 102 1.493 Trier (district) 17,741 15,975 29,800 92 0.530 Rheinhessen-Pfalz 90,984 81,926 39,700 122 2.051 Saarland 35,955 32,375 32,900 102 0.994 Dresden 54,425 49,007 30,900 95 1.599 Chemnitz 43,420 39,097 27,800 86 1.445 Leipzig 37,484 33,752 32,000 99 1.038 Saxony-Anhalt 67,629 60,896 28,000 86 2.223 Schleswig-Holstein 104,971 94,521 32,400 100 2.890 Thuringia 66,025 59,452 28,100 87 2.151 Estonia 31,445 38,363 28,800 89 1.319 Northern and Western rowspan="3" 28,708 23,949 27,100 83 0.856 Southern 167,641 139,849 84,500 261 1.605 Eastern and Midland 229,935 191,815 77,400 239 2.369 Attica rowspan="13" 85,769 104,231 27,900 86 3.756 North Aegean 2,541 3,089 13,500 42 0.211 South Aegean 5,976 7,262 20,900 64 0.341 Crete 8,913 10,832 17,000 52 0.634 Eastern Macedonia and Thrace 7,138 8,674 14,600 45 0.601 Central Macedonia 24,892 30,250 16,300 50 1.876 Western Macedonia 3,702 4,498 17,200 53 0.269 Epirus 4,049 4,920 14,900 46 0.334 Thessaly 9,337 11,347 16,000 49 0.722 Ionian Islands 3,056 3,714 18,400 57 0.205 Western Greece 8,220 9,989 15,400 48 0.659 Central Greece 9,635 11,708 21,200 65 0.556 Peloponnese 8,448 10,266 18,000 56 0.577 rowspan="19" 63,230 66,971 24,900 77 2.703 23,442 24,828 24,600 76 1.028 13,846 14,665 25,100 78 0.581 71,707 75,948 34,900 108 2.171 20,378 21,584 32,900 101 0.644 8,614 9,124 28,900 89 0.313 37,965 40,210 30,600 94 1.313 234,639 248,519 36,900 114 6.550 58,119 61,557 25,900 80 2.419 42,286 44,787 21,900 67 2.033 20,117 21,307 20,200 62 1.070 229,418 242,989 31,700 98 7.489 112,604 119,265 23,600 73 4.946 30,321 32,115 26,300 81 1.167 160,747 170,256 20,000 62 8.410 32,205 34,110 22,500 69 1.476 1,760 1,864 22,500 69 0.085 1,610 1,705 20,400 63 0.085 42,656 45,179 20,100 62 2.177 rowspan="27" 764,844 705,576 56,900 176 12.211 78,343 72,272 27,900 86 2.571 49,189 45,377 27,900 86 1.626 32,523 30,003 25,300 78 1.176 42,004 38,749 26,200 81 1.470 57,311 52,870 28,400 87 1.853 122,607 113,106 27,600 85 4.064 51,729 47,720 24,700 76 1.929 64,517 59,517 30,700 95 1.892 40,020 36,919 27,900 86 1.322 62,382 57,548 24,600 76 2.325 127,189 117,333 30,100 93 3.773 108,252 99,863 29,200 90 3.327 114,743 105,851 29,900 92 3.432 19,771 18,239 25,000 77 0.732 54,764 50,521 27,500 85 1.807 81,244 74,949 25,600 79 2.825 100,029 92,278 29,300 90 3.048 40,583 37,438 27,100 84 1.363 250,294 230,898 33,900 105 6.614 181,067 167,036 32,300 100 5.040 10,125 9,341 26,700 82 0.338 9,462 8,728 21,100 65 0.421 9,082 8,378 23,500 72 0.368 4,580 4,225 14,300 44 0.276 20,339 18,763 21,500 66 0.856 Mayotte 2,932 2,705 9,100 28 0.260 Pannonian Croatia rowspan="4" 10,589 16,231 14,400 44 1.378 Adriatic Croatia 17,934 27,490 21,000 65 2.727 Zagreb 20,284 31,092 42,400 131 Northern Croatia 9,447 14,480 18,300 56 rowspan="21" 136,007 139,249 32,600 101 4.376 4,737 4,850 39,200 121 0.126 48,516 49,672 32,800 101 1.557 403,136 412,746 41,400 128 10.036 Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol 25,598 26,208 49,100 151 0.528 Autonomous Province of Trento 21,582 22,097 40,800 126 0.540 163,948 167,856 34,500 107 4.905 39,115 40,047 33,400 103 1.216 163,293 167,185 37,700 116 4.453 114,615 117,347 31,900 98 3.737 22,859 23,404 27,100 84 0.885 42,597 43,612 29,200 90 1.532 197,536 202,244 35,300 109 5.897 32,889 33,673 26,300 81 1.315 6,452 6,606 22,500 69 0.308 110,231 112,859 20,100 62 5.827 77,984 79,843 20,300 63 4.048 13,022 13,332 24,500 76 0.567 32,787 33,569 18,100 56 1.957 88,767 90,883 18,800 58 5.027 35,032 35,867 22,600 70 1.648 24,019 26,506 29,400 91 0.864 33,653 43,836 23,300 72 1.934 Sostinės regionas rowspan="2" 24,237 35,102 43,100 133 0.823 Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas 31,942 46,260 23,200 72 1.966 72,295 55,806 87,100 268 0.602 Budapest rowspan="8" 56,514 86,805 50,600 156 1.750 Pest 16,987 26,091 19,800 61 1.262 Central Transdanubia 15,648 24,035 22,700 70 1.056 Western Transdanubia 14,343 22,030 22,100 68 0.985 Southern Transdanubia 9,381 14,409 16,600 51 0.887 Northern Hungary 12,156 18,672 16,900 52 1.135 Northern Great Plain 14,757 22,667 15,900 49 1.460 Southern Great Plain 13,972 21,461 17,600 54 1.244 14,960 17,132 33,000 102 0.476 rowspan="12" 25,636 22,074 37,500 116 0.583 22,633 19,488 29,800 92 0.647 16,388 14,111 28,400 88 0.492 47,980 41,313 35,300 109 1.152 86,736 74,683 35,500 109 2.060 15,476 13,326 30,900 95 0.412 81,305 70,007 52,600 162 1.295 183,079 157,639 54,400 168 2.831 180,471 155,394 41,200 127 3.681 15,874 13,668 35,400 109 0.382 129,513 111,516 43,200 133 2.528 49,119 42,293 37,900 117 1.117 rowspan="9" 9,498 8,326 28,100 87 0.293 65,035 57,009 33,600 104 1.671 101,961 89,378 46,500 143 1.889 22,692 19,891 35,300 109 0.561 51,595 45,228 36,200 112 1.240 69,994 61,357 40,900 126 1.474 29,926 26,233 46,700 144 0.553 34,593 30,324 39,800 123 0.751 20,717 18,160 45,300 140 0.392 Lesser Poland rowspan="17" 47,231 78,422 23,000 71 3.349 Silesian 68,692 114,054 25,500 79 4.501 Greater Poland 56,686 94,121 27,000 83 3.466 West Pomeranian 20,994 34,858 20,700 64 1.679 Lubusz 12,179 20,222 20,200 62 1.004 Lower Silesian 48,419 80,393 27,900 86 2.865 Opole 11,739 19,492 20,000 62 0.949 Kuyavian-Pomeranian 25,008 41,522 20,200 62 2.060 Warmian-Masurian 14,774 24,530 17,400 54 1.418 Pomeranian 34,497 57,278 24,400 75 2.295 Łódź 34,757 57,710 23,800 73 2.462 Świętokrzyskie 13,147 21,830 17,900 55 1.232 Lublin 21,296 35,359 16,900 52 2.105 Subcarpathian 22,069 36,643 17,300 53 2.086 Podlaskie 12,722 21,124 18,100 56 1.155 100,336 166,595 53,700 166 3.025 Masovian Regional 30,224 50,184 21,700 67 2.335 Northern Portugal rowspan="7" 64,709 75,574 21,200 65 3.576 Algarve 9,245 10,797 24,700 76 0.440 Central Portugal 40,978 47,858 21,500 66 2.231 Lisbon 76,405 89,234 31,100 96 3.264 Alentejo 13,659 15,953 22,900 71 0.712 Autonomous Region of the Azores 4,421 5,164 21,300 66 0.244 Autonomous Region of Madeira 4,896 5,718 22,500 70 0.254 North West rowspan="8" 29,948 57,081 22,600 70 2.561 Centre 27,604 52,612 22,900 71 2.326 North East 26,093 49,732 15,800 49 3.221 South East 23,299 44,407 19,000 59 2.422 South - Muntenia 27,404 52,231 18,400 57 2.965 Bucharest - Ilfov 65,995 125,785 53,900 166 2.301 South West - Oltenia 18,406 35,082 18,700 58 1.950 West 22,357 42,612 24,300 75 1.785 Eastern Slovenia rowspan="2" 22,426 26,399 23,900 74 1.090 Western Slovenia 29,783 35,060 34,900 108 0.977 Bratislava Region rowspan="4" 27,963 34,757 48,200 149 0.651 Western Slovakia 29,840 37,090 20,400 63 1.828 Central Slovakia 19,692 24,476 18,600 57 1.341 Eastern Slovakia 21,028 26,137 16,400 51 1.623 West Finland rowspan="5" 56,106 44,995 32,600 100 1.380 Helsinki-Uusimaa 98,877 79,296 46,400 143 1.656 South Finland 46,129 36,994 32,300 99 1.157 North & East Finland 48,986 39,285 30,800 95 1.291 1,335 1,071 35,400 109 0.029 Stockholm rowspan="8" 172,401 132,972 55,300 171 2.308 East Middle Sweden 76,258 58,817 33,700 104 1.688 Småland and the islands 37,886 29,221 33,400 103 0.857 South Sweden 68,460 52,803 34,000 105 1.504 West Sweden 101,340 78,162 37,600 116 2.016 North Middle Sweden 35,725 27,555 32,100 99 0.852 Middle Norrland 17,001 13,113 34,900 108 0.376 Upper Norrland 27,911 21,528 41,100 127 0.520 File:Eurostat_GDP_Regions_2018.png 600px ==See also == * Economy of the European Union * List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP * List of NUTS regions in the European Union by GDP ==References== ==Sources== * Eurostat news release, retrieved 18 March 2018 ==External links== * Press release: Regional GDP per capita in the EU in 2010 * Press release: Twenty-one regions below half of the EU average……and five regions over double the average Category:Economy of Europe-related lists This needs to be taken into account €1,679 1 2022-Q2 1,679 1,212 2,248 Romania RON 4,564 RON 7,311 0.2016 2023-04 1,474 920 2,232 link=Eurasian Economic UnionRussia ₽ 58,097 ₽ 66,778 0.0109 2023-Q1 728 633 1,966 San Marino €2,390 €2,390 1 2017 2,445 2,390 3,788 link=Central European Free Trade Agreement Serbia RSD 85,485 RSD 117,669 0.0085 2023-03 1,004 730 1,826 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Slovakia €1,008 €1,327 1 2023-Q1 1,327 1,008 1,884 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Slovenia €1,480 €2,244 1 2022-11 2,244 1,480 2,643 link=Eurozone#European Union member states Spain €1,910 €2,471 1 2021 2,471 1,910 3,148 Sweden SEK 33,920 SEK 45,470 0.085 2023-03 3,866 2,884 3,914 link=European Free Trade Association Switzerland CHF 5,577 CHF 6,665 1.02 2020 6,797 5,688 5,232 Turkey ₺ 10,000 ₺ 16,300 0.035 2023-05 572 350 1,536 GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Ukraine ₴ 11,734 ₴ 14,577 0.025 2022-01 361 291 1,297 United Kingdom £2,145 £2,692 1.16 2022 3,128 2,493 3,230 a Excluding social and private benefits == European countries by monthly median wage == The median wage is the amount that divides the population into two equal groups: half the employees in a country earn above the median, and the other half below. * The "World Bank" column includes data for the year 2019 from the World Bank.GDP per capita (current US$) retrieved on 26 April 2021 Data across columns are not comparable as they may refer to different years. The chart below reflects the average (mean) wage as reported by various data providers. All data are in United States dollars.

Ireland and Norway

The richest countries in the EU by GDP per capita are Luxembourg and Switzerland

Monaco is the richest

The richest countries in the EU by GDP per capita are Luxembourg and Norway

The richest countries in the EU are Luxembourg and Ireland

E

What are the richest countries in South America by GDP per capita?

This is a list of South American countries by GDP (nominal) per capita per the International Monetary Fund. Below is a list of countries in South America by geographical area. Argentina and Chile are among the 10 largest producers of grapes and wine in the world, and Brazil among the 20 largest. == See also == * Latin American economy * List of Latin American and Caribbean countries by GDP (nominal) * List of Latin American and Caribbean countries by GDP (PPP) == References == South America South American Rank World Rank Nation GDP (PPP) per capita (Int$) Year 1 59 24,600 2017 est. 2 63 22,400 2017 est. 3 66 20,700 2017 est. 4 84 15,500 2017 est. 5 89 14,500 2017 est. 6 90 13,900 2017 est. 7 93 13,300 2017 est. 8 100 12,400 2017 est. 9 109 11,200 2017 est. 10 113 9,800 2017 est. 11 121 8,300 2017 est. 12 125 7,500 2017 est. == See also == List of South American countries by GDP (nominal) per capita ==References== South America *GDP (PPP) per capita GDP (PPP) per capita Energy use, import and production in South America is described in the following articles: *Energy in Argentina *Energy in Brazil *Energy in Chile *Energy in Colombia *Energy in Peru *Energy in Uruguay *Energy in Venezuela This is a list of South American nations by gross domestic product per capita based on purchasing power parity. == IMF list == List according to the International Monetary Fund in current international dollars for 2018. South America's total geographical area is 17,732,850 km² or 1.618.58.478545.7546.865 km. Panama is not regarded as a transcontinental country but the country is sometimes included in South America due to being part of Colombia prior to its secession in 1903. According to the 2019 list, Brazil has the thirteenth most valuable industry in the world (US$173.6 billion), Venezuela the thirtieth largest (US$58.2 billion, however, it depends on oil to obtain this value), Argentina the 31st largest (US$57.7 billion), Colombia the 46th largest (US$35.4 billion), Peru the 50th largest (US$28.7 billion) and Chile the 51st largest (US$28.3 billion).Manufacturing, value added (current US$) 80% of the manufacturing of the Latin America region falls on Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/About- Deloitte/gx-gbc-latin-america-economic-outlook-july-2015.pdf Brazil has the third-largest manufacturing sector in the Americas. The economy of South America comprises approximately 434 million people living in twelve nations and three territories. Tourism in South America is still little evolved: in Europe, for example, countries obtain annual tourist values such as U $73.7 billion (Spain), or U $67.3 billion (France). Rank 2022 Country/Territory GDP (nominal) per capita 2022 (USD) Rank 2022 (world)Countries that data was not available in 2022 were ignored when determining the rankings. 1 18,083 55 2 17,108 59 3 15,941 62 4 12,187 25 5 8,570 86 6 7,034 93 7 6,807 96 8 6,412 98 9 5,626 104 10 4,843 112 11 3,431 134 12 1,824 152 ==See also== * List of South American countries by GDP (PPP) per capita ==References== GDP (nominal) per capita In January this year, 3.168 million barrels of oil per day and 138.753 million cubic meters of natural gas were extracted. === Tourism === In the list of world tourist destinations, in 2018, Argentina was the 47th most visited country, with 6.9 million international tourists (and revenues of US$5.5 billion); Brazil was the 48th most visited with 6.6 million tourists (and revenues of US$5.9 billion); Chile in position 53 with 5.7 million tourists (and revenues of US$2.9 billion); Peru in position 60 with 4.4 million tourists (and income of US$3.9 billion); Colombia 65th with 3.8 million tourists (and income of US$5.5 billion); Uruguay 69th with 3.4 million tourists (and income of US$2.3 billion). As one of the most important contributors of the world's agricultural market, South America accounts for approximately 10% of the global agricultural product export. This can be explained by South America's high concentration on primary commodities as well as the state of the educational system and institutional structure, some of which are still related to its colonial past, others to recent political developments. In terms of production of cow's milk, Argentina ranks among the 20 largest producers in the world.Producción de carne y leche, por FAO === Industry === The World Bank annually lists the top manufacturing countries by total manufacturing value. The four countries with the strongest agriculture are Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. From the 1990s onward countries in South America switched over to the system of Free-Market economy. The sugarcane cultivation has been the backbone of the economy since early colonial times, and Ecuador is the world's largest banana exporter (Banana Production in Ecuador) In the temperate regions, maize (corn) is produced and it is the second most exported product in Argentinas. South America dominates the global market in coffee production, having Brazil as the world's largest exporter of coffee. South America produces 20% of the world's beef and chicken meat. Some countries are even expected to lower their target bands in 2019. == Economic sectors == === Agriculture === Throughout history, since the colonial period, the export of natural resources has been a key factor for South America's economy. In 2021, Brazil was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed solar power (13 GW),RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2022 and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh).Hannah Ritchie, Max Roser: Solar Power Generation In 2020, Brazil was the 2nd largest country in the world in the production of energy through biomass (energy production from solid biofuels and renewable waste), with 15,2 GW installed. ====Other countries==== After Brazil, Colombia is the country in South America that most stands out in energy production.

The richest are Venezuela, Chile, Uruguay and Argentina

The richest countries in South America by GDP per capita are Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela and Argentina

The richest countries in South America by GDP per capita are Chile, Uruguay and Argentina

Venezuela, Chile, Uruguay and Argentina

Venezuela

C

How many American men are gay?

The study found that 97.4% of men identified as heterosexual, 1.6% as homosexual and 0.9% as bisexual. Among men, around 89% identified as heterosexual, 5.5% identified as gay, and 2.5% as bisexual. But more women than men identified as mostly heterosexual (11% v. 6%), while more men than women identified as exclusively homosexual (4% v. 2%) and mostly homosexual (2% v. 0.4%). A gay identity was more common among men (6.1%) than women (1%), and the opposite was true of heterosexuality (men: 89.9%, women: 95%). Homosexuals accounted for 1.9% of the male population and 1.2% of the female population, a non-significant difference between the sexes. Of men, 2.2% identify as gay and an additional 1.4% as bisexual. The percentage with homosexual experience was higher among men (14%) than among women (5%), and higher also among those with more formal education (15%), singles (12%), and Northeasterners (11%). A 2017 Gallup poll concluded that 4.5% of adult Americans identified as LGBT with 5.1% of women identifying as LGBT, compared with 3.9% of men. In the United States, it has been estimated that the number of gay men who were sexually abused or molested when they were children is about 20%. Surveys in Western cultures find, on average, that about 93% of men and 87% of women identify as completely heterosexual, 4% of men and 10% of women as mostly heterosexual, 0.5% of men and 1% of women as evenly bisexual, 0.5% of men and 0.5% of women as mostly homosexual, and 2% of men and 0.5% of women as completely homosexual. Among those who indicate that they are homosexual or bisexual, there was no major difference between men (7.3% and 2.8%) and women (6.8% and 3%) respectively. In addition, the survey found that men are more likely than women to identify as homosexual (4% vs. 1%). More women than men are heterosexual (93% versus 86%), whereas more men than women identify as homosexual (7% v. 1%) and to a lesser extent bisexual (4% v. 2%). Most of them (c. 70%) identified as heterosexual. ====2005==== The American Community Survey from the U.S. Census estimated 776,943 same-sex couples in the country as a whole, representing about 0.5% of the population. ====2006==== Fried's 2008 analysis of General Social Survey data shows the percentage of United States males reporting homosexual activity for three time periods: 1988–1992, 1993–1998, and 2000–2006. For women 97.7% identified as heterosexual, 0.8% as lesbian and 1.4% as bisexual. This includes 84% of bisexuals, 2% of gay men, and 1% of lesbians. ==Differences with non-LGBT heterosexual relationships== LGBT people in heterosexual relationships will often take customs from gay or lesbian relationships they have been in in the past, may use terms like top and bottom for example. In this survey, 80% of people worldwide identified as heterosexual, 3% as homosexual, 4% as bisexual, and 1% each as pansexual, asexual, and other. Other sexual orientations were reported by 3% of men and 4% of women. Overall, 8.6% of women and 5.9% of men reported some homosexual experience in their lives; these figures fell to 5.7% and 5.0% respectively when non-genital sexual experience was excluded. The study found that 96.5% of the entire sample (or 96.8% of the men and 96.3% of the women) identified as heterosexual, a drop from the 2003 findings (97.5%). The remainder 5.3% did not know or refused to answer. ====2017==== In a nationally representative survey organized by Kantar TNS, 87% of American men aged 18 to 30 years identified as heterosexual, 7% as homosexual, 4% as bisexual, and 1% as other. ====2019==== The 2019 American Values Atlas by the Public Religion Research Institute found that of all Americans that identify as LGBT, 51% where White Americans while 21% were Hispanic Americans and 13% were African Americans. Retrieved on 2010-10-26. ====2010==== Using a phone methodology, the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey found, in a sample of about 10,000 women and 8,000 men, that 1.3% of women and 2% of men identify as gay or lesbian, and 1.2% of men and 2.2% of women identify as bisexual. ==== 2011 ==== A 2011 UCLA School of Law Williams Institute survey found that 3.5% of Americans, estimated, identified themselves as lesbian, gay, or bisexual.

At least 10% of American men are gay

10% of American men are gay

More than 10% of Americans are gay

10%

Less than 6% of American men are gay

E

How many men in the UK are openly homosexual?

They concluded that there were 3.6 million gay people in Britain—around 6% of the total population or 1 in 16.66 people.3.6m people in Britain are gay – official, The Guardian ==== 2008 ==== In a survey of around 1,000 Britons using a self-completed questionnaire, 2% of the total sample identified as bisexual, 4% as homosexual, and 92% as heterosexual. ==== 2009 ==== In an online survey with over 75,000 YouGov panelists in Britain, 90.9% identified as heterosexual, 5.8% as gay, lesbian or bisexual, 1.3% opted not to give an answer, and 2.1% gave other reasons. In a nationally representative Survation study of 1,003 British women, 92% identified as heterosexual, 1.6% as gay or lesbian, 3.5% as bisexual, 0.3% as other, and 2.6% refused to disclose their sexual orientation. But more women than men identified as mostly heterosexual (11% v. 6%), while more men than women identified as exclusively homosexual (4% v. 2%) and mostly homosexual (2% v. 0.4%). Among men, around 89% identified as heterosexual, 5.5% identified as gay, and 2.5% as bisexual. The study found that 97.4% of men identified as heterosexual, 1.6% as homosexual and 0.9% as bisexual. Homosexuals accounted for 1.9% of the male population and 1.2% of the female population, a non-significant difference between the sexes. According to a nationally representative study organized by Kantar TNS, 87% of British men aged 18 to 30 years identify as heterosexual, 7% as homosexual, 5% as bisexual, and 2% as other. Sexual minorities tended to concentrate more in certain parts of the country—in London especially, where 27% of gay men and lesbians, as well as 19% of bisexuals, took residence, compared to only 14% of heterosexuals. They found that 77.5% are exclusively heterosexual, 2.1% are predominantly heterosexual, 0.6% are bisexual, 0.4% are predominantly homosexual and 1.6% are exclusively homosexual. 17.8% preferred not to answer about their sexual orientation. A gay identity was more common among men (6.1%) than women (1%), and the opposite was true of heterosexuality (men: 89.9%, women: 95%). In an Office for National Statistics survey in 2010, London was found to be home to the highest percentage of British people who identify as either gay, lesbian or bisexual than anywhere else in the UK at 2.5%. A 2010 Integrated Household Survey estimated 1.5% of people in the UK identify themselves as gay, lesbian or bisexual – far lower than previous estimates of 5–7%. Prevalence is highest in gay/bisexual men in London with an estimated 83 (credible interval 73 to 96) per 1000 gay and bisexual men aged 15 to 74 years. Of men, 2.2% identify as gay and an additional 1.4% as bisexual. More women than men are heterosexual (93% versus 86%), whereas more men than women identify as homosexual (7% v. 1%) and to a lesser extent bisexual (4% v. 2%). For women 97.7% identified as heterosexual, 0.8% as lesbian and 1.4% as bisexual. In addition, the survey found that men are more likely than women to identify as homosexual (4% vs. 1%). In this survey, 80% of people worldwide identified as heterosexual, 3% as homosexual, 4% as bisexual, and 1% each as pansexual, asexual, and other. Among those who indicate that they are homosexual or bisexual, there was no major difference between men (7.3% and 2.8%) and women (6.8% and 3%) respectively. The percentage with homosexual experience was higher among men (14%) than among women (5%), and higher also among those with more formal education (15%), singles (12%), and Northeasterners (11%). Homosexual identity in 2016 was more than twice as common among men (1.7%) than among women (0.7%), whereas bisexual identity was more common among women (0.9%) than men (0.6%). ==== 2016 ==== A female-only survey found that 4% of British women identify as gay or bisexual. Surveys in Western cultures find, on average, that about 93% of men and 87% of women identify as completely heterosexual, 4% of men and 10% of women as mostly heterosexual, 0.5% of men and 1% of women as evenly bisexual, 0.5% of men and 0.5% of women as mostly homosexual, and 2% of men and 0.5% of women as completely homosexual.

Less than 6% of men in the UK are openly homosexual

At least 10% of British men are gay

10% of men in the UK are openly gay

More than 10% of British are gay

10%

A

What proportion of Canadians are straight?

All other regions had percentages at or above 10%, with the Center-West reporting the highest (14%). === Canada === ==== 1988 ==== A study of 5,514 college and university students under the age of 25 found 1% who were homosexual and 1% who were bisexual.King et al. (1988). Straight women constituted around 93% of all women, lesbians were 1.4%, and bisexual women 2.3 percent. They found that 77.5% are exclusively heterosexual, 2.1% are predominantly heterosexual, 0.6% are bisexual, 0.4% are predominantly homosexual and 1.6% are exclusively homosexual. 17.8% preferred not to answer about their sexual orientation. The study found that 97.4% of men identified as heterosexual, 1.6% as homosexual and 0.9% as bisexual. In this survey, 80% of people worldwide identified as heterosexual, 3% as homosexual, 4% as bisexual, and 1% each as pansexual, asexual, and other. Canadians aged 18–34 were much more likely to identify as LGBT (11.1%) than those in older brackets (2.6–3.4%). ==== 2003–2014: Canadian Community Health Survey ==== Gay/lesbian Bisexual Total 2003 1% 0.7% 1.7% 2005 1.1% 0.8% 1.9% 2007 — — 2.1% 2009 1.1% 0.9% 2.0% 2012 1.3% 1.1% 2.4% 2014 1.7% 1.3% 3.0% ==== 2016 ==== A female-only survey found that 8% of Canadian women identify as gay or bisexual. ==== 2018 ==== In 2018, around 4% of the Canadian population identified as LGBT, according to Statistics Canada. === Denmark === A random survey found that 2.7% of the 1,373 men who responded to their questionnaire had homosexual experience (intercourse). === France === ==== 1992 ==== A study of 20,055 people found that 4.1% of the men and 2.6% of the women had at least one occurrence of sexual relations with person of the same sex during their lifetime. ==== 2011 ==== In a nationally representative online survey of 7,841 French adults carried out by IFOP in early 2011, 6.6% of respondents identified as homosexual (3.6%) or bisexual (3%), and 90.8% as heterosexual. For people more than 15 years old, 7% stated that they are homosexual, 2.9% that they are bisexual and 90.1% are heterosexual. Province / Territory Percent Canadians Total Canadians Alberta 22.7% 902,310 British Columbia 19.0% 866,530 Manitoba 18.2% 232,660 New Brunswick 57.8% 415,810 Newfoundland and Labrador 43.4% 271,345 Nova Scotia 42.6% 387,360 Ontario 23.5% 3,109,770 Prince Edward Island 45.0% 60,000 Quebec 60.1% 4,474,115 Saskatchewan 25.0% 274,580 Canada total 32.3% 11,136,134 ===Ethnic origin=== thumb|300px|upright=1.3|Canada visible minority, aboriginal and White (assumed for 1981 to 2016) population as a percentage of the total population over time upright=1.3|thumb|Visible minorities over time including projections thumb|upright=1.3|Visible minorities as a population pyramid in total in 2016 According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians. For women 97.7% identified as heterosexual, 0.8% as lesbian and 1.4% as bisexual. Among men, around 89% identified as heterosexual, 5.5% identified as gay, and 2.5% as bisexual. thumb|Canada population density map also showing the northern United States|upright=1.5 Canada ranks 37th by population, comprising about 0.5% of the world's total, with over 40.0 million Canadians as of 2023. Surveys in Western cultures find, on average, that about 93% of men and 87% of women identify as completely heterosexual, 4% of men and 10% of women as mostly heterosexual, 0.5% of men and 1% of women as evenly bisexual, 0.5% of men and 0.5% of women as mostly homosexual, and 2% of men and 0.5% of women as completely homosexual. Of men, 2.2% identify as gay and an additional 1.4% as bisexual. Homosexuals accounted for 1.9% of the male population and 1.2% of the female population, a non-significant difference between the sexes. As a percentage of all US adults, 3.1% identify as bisexual, 1.4% as gay, 0.7% as lesbian, and 0.6% as transgender. In a nationally representative Survation study of 1,003 British women, 92% identified as heterosexual, 1.6% as gay or lesbian, 3.5% as bisexual, 0.3% as other, and 2.6% refused to disclose their sexual orientation. Kingston, ON: Queen's University. ==== 2012 ==== In an interactive voice response telephone survey of around 2,700 Canadians, 5.3% identified as gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender. A gay identity was more common among men (6.1%) than women (1%), and the opposite was true of heterosexuality (men: 89.9%, women: 95%). The study found that 96.5% of the entire sample (or 96.8% of the men and 96.3% of the women) identified as heterosexual, a drop from the 2003 findings (97.5%). In 2021, 8% of respondents to the United States Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey identified as LGBTQ, with an additional 2% of respondents having identified as neither gay, lesbian, bisexual, or straight. According to a nationally representative study organized by Kantar TNS, 87% of British men aged 18 to 30 years identify as heterosexual, 7% as homosexual, 5% as bisexual, and 2% as other. This represented a statistically significant increase from 1.7% in 2015. ==== 2017 ==== In a Survation poll on adults aged 40–70, 92.5% identified as heterosexual, 3.5% as gay, 2.4% as bisexual, 0.5% as Other and 1% did not want to reveal their sexual orientation.

The proportion of straight people in Canada is probably 85%

Unknown

All Canadians are straight

More than 94% of Canadians are straight

More than 99% of Canadians are straight

D

Which items have got more affordable in Europe since the end of the war?

In 2018, regular e-cigarette use in the UK was greater than in other countries in the EU. E-cigarette use in the US and Europe is higher than in other countries, except for China which has the greatest number of e-cigarette users. E-cigarette use in the US and Europe is higher than in other countries, except for China which has the greatest number of e-cigarette users. According to German addiction researcher , Germany has "[...] more cigarette vending machines than any other country in the world." Smoking in Greece was at the highest rate of tobacco consumption (more than 40%) in the European Union in 2010. While some studies find associations between the use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, studies that estimate this relationship using causal methods from health economics have concluded the opposite. A health economic study found that passing an e-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws in the United States increased teenage prenatal smoking by 0.6 percentage points and had no effect on birth outcomes. === International === Among current and former smokers who have vaped at least once were reported in Canada, the UK, France, Belgium, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Greece (22.4% in 2012), Malta (16.7% in 2012), Portugal (17.0% in 2012), Slovenia (20.3% in 2012), Spain (10.9% in 2012), Cyprus (23.6% in 2012), Denmark (36.3% in 2012), Slovakia (7.9% in 2012), the Czech Republic (34.3% in 2012), Ireland (12.1% in 2012), Latvia (23.9% in 2012), Lithuania (11.8% in 2012), Finland (20.5% in 2012), Sweden (12.4% in 2012), Estonia (22.3% in 2012), Hungary (22.3% in 2012), Bulgaria (31.1% in 2012), Romania (22.2% in 2012), Australia (2.0–20.0% in 2010–2013), Italy (5.6% in 2013), Poland (31.0% in 2012), Malaysia (19% in 2011), Brazil (8% in 2013), Mexico (4% in 2011), South Korea (11% in 2010), Brazil (8% in 2013), and China (2% in 2009). The popularity of vaping is greater among the youth from Central and Eastern Europe than other places in Europe. === France === In France, a 2014 survey estimated between 7.7 and 9.2 million people had tried e-cigarettes and 1.1 to 1.9 million use them on a daily basis. The least commonly selected reasons were "they are easier to get than other tobacco products, such as cigarettes" (5%), "they cost less than other tobacco products such as cigarettes" (3%), and "famous people on TV or in movies use them" (2%). Tobacco taxes in Germany are among the lowest in Europe. In 2014, Greece had the highest rate of smoking in the European Union. Surveys in 2010 and 2011 suggested that adults with higher incomes were more likely to have heard of e-cigarettes, but those with lower incomes may have been more likely to try them. This effect maybe reflected in the fact that in 2015 the number of cigarettes consumed in the US was higher than in 2014, the first time cigarette consumption increased since 1973. The evidence indicates that vaping may promote, instead of impede, the use of traditional cigarettes among US adolescents. === European Union & UK === In 2016 in Europe, there were 7.5 million e-cigarette users. In 2014 in France, 83% e-cigarette users continued to smoke cigarettes. === Australia === Vaping in Australia has risen quickly even with legal barriers to trade of nicotine for non-therapeutic uses. E-cigarette use also appears to be increasing at the same time as a rapid decrease in cigarette use in many countries, suggesting that e-cigarettes may be displacing traditional cigarettes. E-cigarettes users' views about saving money from using e-cigarettes compared to traditional cigarettes are inconsistent. Transport costs have been especially affected, but also many others, including costs for food, furniture, household items, electricity and clothing. Millions of dollars spent on marketing aimed at smokers suggests e-cigarettes are "newer, healthier, cheaper and easier to use in smoke-free situations, all reasons that e-cigarette users claim motivate their use". Awareness and use of e-cigarettes greatly increased over the few years leading up to 2014, particularly among young people and women in some parts of the world. Awareness and use of e-cigarettes greatly increased over the few years leading up to 2014, particularly among young people and women in some parts of the world. More generally, there is supportive evidence that e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes are economic substitutes, and that e-cigarettes are displacing smoking rather than causing more smoking through a gateway effect.

Cigarettes have got more affordable in Europe since the end of the war

The cost of cigarettes has gone down

The real price of cigarettes has decreased

Cigarettes and healthcare are more affordable

Food and electronics have got more affordable in Europe since the end of the war

E

Did food get much harder for Americans to afford since 1950?

Ironically, the country achieved food self-sufficiency in 2002, but food prices increased drastically due to the reliance of agriculture on oil and fossil fuels. In the US: * educational attainment has risen more slowly; * companies pay relatively lower wages to the middle class and poor, with top executives making relatively more; * government redistributes less from rich to poor. Ethnic immigrants were also debased as European Americans baked their distinct cuisines into generic casseroles. ==Background== The 1950s were a time of great economic prosperity in America. Food trends are widespread changes in food preferences. After peaking in the second quarter of 2008, prices fell dramatically during the late-2000s recession but increased during late 2009 and 2010, reaching new heights in 2011 and 2012 (see 2010–2012 world food price crisis) at a level slightly higher than the level reached in 2008. The 2010s in food in the United States describes food trends that are characteristic of the 2010s decade. World food prices increased dramatically in 2007 and the first and second quarter of 2008, creating a global crisis and causing political and economic instability and social unrest in both poor and developed nations. It is estimated that disposable income in America increased by five times from 1940 to 1955. Income inequality has fluctuated considerably in the United States since measurements began around 1915, moving in an arc between peaks in the 1920s and 2000s, with a 30-year period of relatively lower inequality between 1950 and 1980. They attributed Inequality growth during the 1970s to the 1990s to wage growth among top earners, and that the widening gap had been due to investment income. === Events === The Great Recession lasted from 2008 to 2009, multiplying unemployment and crashing the stock market. This reduced price elasticity and caused a sharp rise in food prices during some shortages. These comparisons indicate Americans shift from reliance on market income to reliance on income transfers later in life, although less fully than in other developed countries. The world food price crisis refers to a period of time when the cost of food increased significantly and had a profound impact on the availability and affordability of food for people around the world. In some nations, milk and meat prices more than doubled, while soy (which hit a 34-year high price in December 2007Corn's key role as food and fuel, Adam Brookes BBC News, 17 December 2007.) and maize prices have increased dramatically. In the media, China is often mentioned as one of the main reasons for the increase in world food prices. The total wealth difference would have exceeded $50 trillion by early 2020, an amount that would have led to a more prosperous economy and a healthier, more financially secure population. By early 2010, food prices had risen again to surpass the record highs of 2008. An estimated 11.8% of Americans lived in poverty in 2018, versus 16% in 2012 and 26% in 1967. World population has grown from 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 7.5 billion today. ===Increased demand for more resource intensive food=== The head of the International Food Policy Research Institute, stated in 2008 that the gradual change in diet among newly prosperous populations is the most important factor underpinning the rise in global food prices.von Braun, "High and Rising Food Prices", 2008, p 5, slide 14 Where food consumption has increased, it has largely been in processed ("value added") foods, sold in developing and developed nations. Major economic events that affected incomes included the return to lower inflation and higher growth, tax cuts and increases in the early 1980s, cuts following the 1986 tax reforms, tax increases in 1990 and 1993, expansion of the Children's Health Insurance Program in 1997, welfare reform, a 2000 recession, followed by tax cuts in 2001 and 2003 and increases in 2010. Rising food and fuel prices, inadequate food stamp benefits, unemployment, underemployment, and rent or mortgage costs were factors reported as forcing an average of 15–20 percent more people."New Survey Underscores Urgent Need For Farm Bill As Demands Are Up, Food Down" , "America's Second Harvest", 12 May 2008. As of that year only the wealthy had seen pay increases since the Great Recession, while average American workers had not. == Policy responses == Debate continues over whether a public policy response is appropriate to income inequality.

Food is harder to afford

The average wage buys less food today than in 1950

Yes, the real price of food has increased since 1950

No, food got more affordable for Americans since 1950

Yes, food got less affordable for Americans since 1950

D

What happened to the affordability of food in America in recent decades?

Ironically, the country achieved food self-sufficiency in 2002, but food prices increased drastically due to the reliance of agriculture on oil and fossil fuels. After peaking in the second quarter of 2008, prices fell dramatically during the late-2000s recession but increased during late 2009 and 2010, reaching new heights in 2011 and 2012 (see 2010–2012 world food price crisis) at a level slightly higher than the level reached in 2008. Bread and meat prices increased as well as those of food in general. The world food price crisis refers to a period of time when the cost of food increased significantly and had a profound impact on the availability and affordability of food for people around the world. Between Soaring Food Prices and Food Aid Shortage . Between Soaring Food Prices and Food Aid Shortage . World food prices increased dramatically in 2007 and the first and second quarter of 2008, creating a global crisis and causing political and economic instability and social unrest in both poor and developed nations. Food trends are widespread changes in food preferences. This reduced price elasticity and caused a sharp rise in food prices during some shortages. By early 2010, food prices had risen again to surpass the record highs of 2008. But there was a temporary drop in food production growth: for example, wheat production during 2006 and 2007 was 4% lower than that in 2004 and 2005. The 2010s in food in the United States describes food trends that are characteristic of the 2010s decade. The consequences of the world food price crisis can be severe, particularly for people in low-income countries who spend a large portion of their income on food. Although the media spotlight focused on the riots that ensued in the face of high prices, the ongoing crisis of food insecurity had been years in the making.How do Food Prices Affect Producers and Consumers in Developing Countries? , ICTSD, Information Note Number 10, September 2009UN Food and Agriculture Organization (2009). World population has grown from 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 7.5 billion today. ===Increased demand for more resource intensive food=== The head of the International Food Policy Research Institute, stated in 2008 that the gradual change in diet among newly prosperous populations is the most important factor underpinning the rise in global food prices.von Braun, "High and Rising Food Prices", 2008, p 5, slide 14 Where food consumption has increased, it has largely been in processed ("value added") foods, sold in developing and developed nations. Prices had dropped after good weather helped increase grain yields while demand had dropped due to the recession. ==See also== * 2000s commodities boom * Agreement on Agriculture * Agribusiness * 2020s commodities boom ==References== ==External links== * Food and Agriculture Organization FAO World Food Situation Portal Food and Agriculture Organization ** FAO Global Information and Early Warning System * World Summit on Food Security 2009 * Reuters – Special Coverage: Agflation * International Food Policy Research Institute – Research Area: Food Prices * Research Brief: State of Food Insecurity & Opportunities in Muslim Countries – DinarStandard Research Brief * Anti-Hunger Protests Rock Haiti. 2008. "Recent Trends in Food History Research in the United States: 2017-19." During 2022 and 2023 there were food crises in several regions as indicated by rising food prices. Rising food and fuel prices, inadequate food stamp benefits, unemployment, underemployment, and rent or mortgage costs were factors reported as forcing an average of 15–20 percent more people."New Survey Underscores Urgent Need For Farm Bill As Demands Are Up, Food Down" , "America's Second Harvest", 12 May 2008. Modern Food, Moral Food: Self- Control, Science, and the Rise of Modern American Eating in the Early Twentieth Century (University of North Carolina Press, 2013) * Wallach, Jennifer Jensen. The price of cooking oil, sugar, eggs and chickpeas increased sharply, which contributed a great deal to the inflation. A rise in fuel and transport prices further increased the complexity of distribution as food competed with other goods.

The real price of food increased

Food became harder to afford

The average wage buys less food today than it did a few decades ago

Food got more affordable in America in recent decades

Food got less affordable in America in recent decades

D

What happened to the affordability of food and drink in Britain since 1950?

This affected poorer households disproportionately.Brexit added nearly £6bn to UK food bills in two years, research finds The Guardian Unemployed people in the UK receive lower fiscal support than the average for OECD countries, and UK salaries have not risen substantially since the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Since late 2021, the prices for many essential goods in the United Kingdom began increasing faster than household incomes, resulting in a fall in real incomes. The pound regained some strength by this point, but interest rates remained high, stretching household incomes. == Effects and timeline == Based on an Office for National Statistics (ONS) survey performed between 27 April and 22 May 2022, 77% of UK adults reported feeling worried about the rising cost of living, with 50% saying they worried "nearly every day". The think-tank Institute for Government defines the UK's cost-of-living crisis as "the fall in real disposable incomes (that is, adjusted for inflation and after taxes and benefits) that the UK has experienced since late 2021". == Causes == Both global and local factors have contributed to the UK's cost-of-living crisis. The 16th Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey: 2020 analyzed affordability in 8 Anglophone countries. UK civil society continues to respond to the hardship caused by the cost-of-living crisis, such as by running foodbanks, though some foodbank managers report both extra demand but also lower levels of donations, as the crisis means some people who could previously donate can no longer afford to do so. Researchers in the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics investigated trade flows and consumer prices of food products in the UK and found Brexit increased food prices due to increased red tape when food is imported from Europe. Transport costs have been especially affected, but also many others, including costs for food, furniture, household items, electricity and clothing. In 2021, the UK's inflation was less than that of the US, but high US inflation was not generally experienced as a cost-of-living crisis due to the stimulus cheques that had been distributed to American households. Gross domestic product fell during the three months to September due to a decline in manufacturing "across most industries" according to the ONS.Recession looms as UK economy starts to shrink BBC On 8 December 2022 The Guardian reported that according to research by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, over 3 million UK low-income households could not afford to heat their homes. While all in the UK are affected by rising prices, it most substantially affects low-income persons. The Expenditure and Food Survey is now the Living Costs and Food Survey.Living Costs and Food Survey, UK Data Service, retrieved 8 November 2013 The Expenditure and Food Survey (EFS) is a survey conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) which collects data about private household expenditure and food consumption in Great Britain. == History == From 1957 until 2001, there were two different surveys conducted each year: the Family Expenditure Survey (FES) and the National Food Survey (NFS). The main piece of this package was the Energy Price Guarantee, which would mean that a UK household with "average energy usage" would pay no more than £2,500 a year on energy, although this was widely misinterpreted as Truss stated in media interviews that "nobody would pay more than £2,500". While rising prices have affected all social classes, the poor have been impacted the most. According to the research by the foundation, roughly 710,000 households had difficulty paying for food, heating and warm clothing. By July 2022, inflation had risen to over 10%, the highest level in 40 years, and the Bank of England was forecasting it could reach 13% by the end of the year. Household income, whether from wages or benefits, have not generally kept pace with rising prices. This is caused in part by a rise in inflation in the UK, as well as the economic impact of ongoing issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and Brexit. This was a phased transition to complete publication only on the website. ==Scope== It covers various different topics and policy areas e.g. housing, crime, income and wealth, transport, population. ==See also== * British Social Attitudes Survey * British Crime Survey ==References== ==External links== * Various years' editions of Social Trends free online * Social Trends 35 * Download full 2007 edition * Social Trends 2007 introduction Category:Society of the United Kingdom Category:Office for National Statistics Category:Publications established in 1970 The Financial Times reported in May 2022 that the crisis caused UK consumer confidence to fall to its lowest level since 1974. The British government has responded in various ways, such as by making provision for a £650 grant for households in receipt of means-tested benefits, a £150 council tax rebate, and implementing an Energy Price Guarantee. == Definition == The Big Issue newspaper defines a cost-of-living crisis as "a scenario in which the cost of everyday essentials like energy and food is rising much faster than average incomes". Energy costs for the typical British household were expected to rise 80% from October 2022, from £1,971 to £3,549, until Liz Truss, who was Prime Minister at the time, announced measures to limit these increases.

All of the above

The average wage buys less food and drink today than it did in 1950

Food and drink has become harder to afford In Britain since 1950

Food and drink got less affordable In Britain since 1950

Food and drink got more affordable In Britain since 1950

E

How has poverty changed over time in Africa?

thumb|Share of population in extreme poverty over time The African country of Ethiopia has made massive strides towards alleviating poverty since 2000 when it was assessed that their poverty rate was one of the greatest among all other countries. However, vulnerability is not just shaped to poverty, but linked to wider social, political and institutional factors, that govern entitlements and capabilities. ==Effects of poverty== thumb|250x250px|African countries by Human Development Index 2019 (higher values indicate higher standards of living) {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; background:none;" |- |valign="top"| |valign="top"| |} Africa's economic malaise is self- perpetuating, as it engenders more of the disease, warfare, misgovernment, and corruption that created it in the first place. Between 2000 and 2010, the poverty rate increased. thumb|Share of population in extreme poverty over time, 1981 to 2019 Poverty is widespread and unchecked across the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Poverty has also been increasing in the North and Northwest areas of the country as they account for 87% of poor people in Nigeria as of 2016. The causes of poverty may vary with respect to nation, region, and in comparison with other countries at the global level. From 1960 to 2009, slow economic growth has contributed to the persistence of poverty and has also contributed to the non-poor becoming poor. thumb|South Africa Poverty Density Concentrated poverty concerns the spatial distribution of socio-economic deprivation, specifically focusing on the density of poor populations.Shapiro I, Murray C, Sard B. “Basic facts on concentrated poverty.” In addition, Africa's share of income has been consistently dropping over the past century by any measure. Notwithstanding, these projected trends are reversible with the creation of social programs that can be utilized to protect the most vulnerable in each community nation. == See also == * Causes of income inequality * Culture of poverty * Cycle of poverty * Involuntary unemployment * Poverty reduction * Theories of poverty == References == ==External links== * 14px|Wikibooks The factors causing poverty and suffering Category:Poverty Poverty Furthermore, the study indicated that the concentrated poverty rates of 2010 was approaching an all-time high. Major causes of poverty, precipitated by a history of apartheid, involve disparities in the distribution of resources, coupled with poor educational opportunities. Measuring Concentrated Poverty: Did It Really Decline in the 1990s?. Poverty in Africa is the lack of provision to satisfy the basic human needs of certain people in Africa. Despite these improvements, poverty is still extremely high within the country. Most African nations saw inflation of approximately 10% per year. == See also == * Economy of Africa * Causes of poverty in South Africa * Poverty in Nigeria * List of African millionaires * List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty * List of African countries by Human Development Index ==References== ==Bibliography== ;published in 20th century *Founou-Tchuigoua, Bernard Food self-sufficiency: Crisis of the collective ideology African agriculture: The critical choices. Children were, as a group, most affected by poverty between the period, 1990 and 2018. While concentrated poverty between 1970 and 1990 increased among blacks, Hispanics, and whites, the most dramatic increases were observed among blacks, followed by Hispanics, and to a much lesser extent whites. ====1990–2000==== In the 1990s, the number of people living in high-poverty neighborhoods declined by 24%, or 2.5 million people. Different schools of thought present varied perspectives. === Historical causes === *War *Conquest == Primary causes by country == In alphabetical order === South Africa=== === Argentina === === Australia === === Bangladesh === Bangladesh has made some strides in eradicating poverty through poverty reduction strategies (PRS). While initial research failed to isolate the direct effects of "concentrated poverty" itself, more recent work has shifted to identifying its primary mechanisms. The following are examples of concentrated poverty through the lens of various countries/regions, ranging from developed to developing. Because poverty is measured at the household level, rather than the individual level, these demographic changes inevitably resulted in an "on-paper" increase in poverty rates.

Extreme poverty has declined over time in Africa

Poverty has increased in Africa

Extreme poverty has increased over time in Africa

In real terms, poverty has increased

Poverty has most likely increased in Africa over time

A

How common is it to have a completely photographic memory?

A number of people claim to have eidetic memory, but science has never found a single verifiable case of photographic memory. Regardless, the following list contains people who have claimed photographic memory.Wilding, J.M., & Valentine, E.R.: Superior Memory. Photographic Memory is a meditation on the passing of time, the praxis of photography and film, digital versus analog, and the fractured love of a father for his son. ==References== ==External links== * *Venice Horizons selections include Jonathan Demme, Ross McElwee docs at ScreenDaily.com *Review of Photographic Memory at ScreenDaily.com Category:2011 films Category:French documentary films Category:American documentary films Category:Films directed by Ross McElwee Category:2011 documentary films Category:Autobiographical documentary films Category:Documentary films about photographers Category:2010s English-language films Category:2010s American films Category:2010s French films Although it has been debated throughout history, current understanding of iconic memory makes a clear distinction between visual and informational persistence which are tested differently and have fundamentally different properties. * Lucy Shapiro, professor of Developmental Biology at the Stanford University School of Medicine, in interview claims she has "an eidetic memory, so if I see a page or write something down, it’s like taking a photograph. Photographic Memory is a 2011 documentary film by independent filmmaker Ross McElwee about a voyage back to the roots of his involvement with the camera. This suggests that whole report is limited by a memory system with a capacity of four-to-five items. === Partial report === The partial report condition required participants to identify a subset of the characters from the visual display using cued recall. Without active retrieval, iconic memory averages to disappear within half a second. Iconic memory formation has been previously described as attention-free and fleeting, however newer studies have shown that in fact it does require attention. * Nikola Tesla also is claimed to have possessed photographic memory. Iconic memory is no longer thought of as a single entity but instead, is composed of at least two distinctive components. Whereas iconic memories are fragile, decay rapidly, and are unable to be actively maintained, visual short-term memories are robust to subsequent stimuli and last over many seconds. Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory register pertaining to the visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information. In the 1900s, the role of visible persistence in memory gained considerable attention due to its hypothesized role as a pre- categorical representation of visual information in visual short-term memory (VSTM). This is a dramatic increase in the hypothesized capacity of iconic memory derived from full-report trials. == Variations of the partial report procedure == thumb|alt=Averbach_&_Coriell's_partial_report.jpg|Averbach & Coriell's partial report paradigm. === Visual bar cue === A small variation in Sperling's partial report procedure which yielded similar results was the use of a visual bar marker instead of an auditory tone as the retrieval cue. * Leonardo da Vinci is said to have possessed photographic memory. The whole report condition required participants to recall as many elements from the original display in their proper spatial locations as possible. Approximately 20 years after Sperling's original experiments, two separate components of visual sensory memory began to emerge: visual persistence and informational persistence. By 5 years of age, children have developed the same unlimited capacity of iconic memory that adults possess. Iconic memory is also influenced by genetics and proteins produced in the brain. It was not until 1967 that Ulric Neisser termed this quickly decaying memory store iconic memory. "Half a Photograph" is a popular song.

All of the above

It is common to have a completely photographic memory

1 in 10,000 people have a completely photographic memory

There are no known cases of a perfectly photographic memory

Very common

D

How many people have absolute pitch?

Absolute pitch ability has higher prevalence among those with Williams syndrome and those with an autism spectrum disorder, with claims estimating that up to 30% of autistic people have absolute pitch.Frith, U. Since absolute pitch is rare in European musical culture, claims that any particular musician possessed it are difficult to evaluate. Generally, absolute pitch implies some or all of these abilities, achieved without a reference tone: * Identify by name individual pitches played on various instruments. Adults who possess relative pitch but do not already have absolute pitch can learn "pseudo-absolute pitch" and become able to identify notes in a way that superficially resembles absolute pitch. Absolute pitch is separate from relative pitch. This is a list of notable people with absolute pitch, or "perfect pitch". ==Note for pre-19th century composers== Owing to uncertainty in the historical record, it is often impossible to determine whether composers and musicians of the past had absolute pitch. Absolute pitch may complement relative pitch in musical listening and practice, but it can also interfere with its development. In this study, about 20% of people with perfect pitch are also synesthetes. ==Correlations== There is evidence of a higher rate of absolute pitch in the autistic population. Some people have been able to develop accurate pitch identification in adulthood, through training. ==Scientific studies== ===History of study and terminologies=== Scientific studies of absolute pitch commenced by the 19th century, focusing on the phenomenon of musical pitch and methods of measuring it. Absolute pitch is an act of cognition, needing memory of the frequency, a label for the frequency (such as "B-flat"), and exposure to the range of sound encompassed by that categorical label. Although it was once thought that it "might be nothing more than a general human capacity whose expression is strongly biased by the level and type of exposure to music that people experience in a given culture", absolute pitch may be influenced by genetic variation, possibly an autosomal dominant genetic trait. ===Influence by music experience=== Evidence suggests that absolute pitch sense is influenced by cultural exposure to music, especially in the familiarization of the equal-tempered C-major scale. However, there is evidence that musicians with absolute pitch tend to perform better on musical transcription tasks (controlling for age of onset and amount of musical training) compared to those without absolute pitch. PDF Document It was previously argued that musicians with absolute pitch perform worse than those without absolute pitch on recognition of musical intervals; PDF Document however, experiments on which this conclusion was based contained an artifact and, when this artifact was removed, absolute pitch possessors were found to perform better than nonpossessors on recognition of musical intervals. Absolute pitch may be directly analogous to recognizing colors, phonemes (speech sounds), or other categorical perception of sensory stimuli. The pitch count is important because the quality of a player's at-bat will vary depending on the pitch count. Absolute pitch is considerably more common among those whose early childhood was spent in East Asia. When this data was released to the public, many different attempts at pitch quantification began appearing. Accordingly, absolute pitch is not the ability to estimate a pitch value from the dimension of pitch-evoking frequency (30–5000 Hz), but to identify a pitch class category within the dimension of pitch class (e.g., C-C-D ... Among music students of East Asian ethnic heritage, those who speak a tone language fluently have a higher prevalence of absolute pitch than those who do not speak a tone language. It is unclear just how many people with autism have perfect pitch because of this. Researchers have been trying to teach absolute pitch ability in laboratory settings for more than a century, and various commercial absolute-pitch training courses have been offered to the public since the early 1900s. Speakers of European languages make subconscious use of an absolute pitch memory when speaking. ===Perception=== Absolute pitch is the ability to perceive pitch class and to mentally categorize sounds according to perceived pitch class.

1 in 10,000 people have absolute pitch

It is estimated that 1 in 10,000 people have absolute pitch

1 in 10,000

It is likely that significantly more than 1 in 10,000 people have absolute pitch

Unknown

D

It is illegal to drive in the UK if you are wearing what?

*Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986, amended 2003, cyclists not included in law making it illegal to talk on a mobile phone. ==Northern Ireland== ===Offences that apply to all vehicles=== Causing bodily harm by wanton or furious driving ===Motor vehicle offences=== *Causing death or grievous bodily injury by dangerous driving *Dangerous driving ==See also== *Transport in the United Kingdom ==Notes== ==External links== *Carlton Reid, 'Cycling and the law' (retrieved 2.10.2009) Bikeforall.net Category:Road transport in the United Kingdom Category:Law of the United Kingdom Traffic law Driving in the United Kingdom is governed by various legal powers and in some cases is subject to the passing of a driving test. Swim England is the national governing body for swimming, diving, water polo, open water swimming, and synchronised swimming in England. thumb|396x396px|Smoking rates for all adults over time In the United Kingdom, smoking is legally permitted, with certain conditions set from laws enacted separately in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is illegal to smoke tobacco in enclosed public places, such as restaurants, shops or pubs, under the Health Act 2006 for England and Wales, the Smoking (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 for Northern Ireland and the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 for Scotland. There are no laws against jaywalking in the UK. Unlike most other countries in the world, UK traffic drives on the left. == Speed limits == British roads are limited for most vehicles by the National Speed Limit. British country clothing or English country clothing is the traditional attire worn by men and women in rural Britain; it is the choice of clothing when taking part in outdoor sports such as equestrian pursuits, shooting or fishing and during general outdoor activity, such as walking, picnicking, or gardening. However driving licences from the European Union, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Switzerland are valid in the United Kingdom. ==Enforcement== Some of the rules of the road should be enforced by the police, others are enforced by council wardens. Many foreign driving licences permit one to drive in the UK, but must be exchanged for British licences after a year. right|thumb|Temporary roadside speed limit enforcement Road speed limit enforcement in the United Kingdom is the action taken by appropriately empowered authorities to attempt to persuade road vehicle users to comply with the speed limits in force on the UK's roads. It is illegal to drive in this lane unless indicated otherwise, for example Dynamic Hard Shoulder Running (DHSR) Smart Motorways allow motorists to use the hard shoulder at peak times. The law does not apply to e-cigarettes, if the driver is seventeen years of age and alone in the vehicle, or in a convertible with the roof completely down. ==Further restrictions== On 6 April 2012, the display of tobacco products was banned in retailers larger than 280 square metres (3000 sq. ft.) in England. Category:Transport policy in the United Kingdom Category:Roads in the United Kingdom Category:Driving in the United Kingdom The action of undertaking, where the driver moves to the left of a slower moving vehicle to get past it is, although not illegal, discouraged on motorways under Highway Code 268. ==Present laws== *Road Traffic Act 1988 *Highways Act 1980 *Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 *Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 *Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions *Highway Code ==History== *The Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 *The Motor Car Act 1903 *The Roads Act 1920 *The Road Traffic Act 1930 *The Road Traffic Act 1934 ==Offences that apply to all vehicles== Causing bodily harm by wanton or furious driving ==Motor vehicle offences== *Causing death by dangerous driving *Dangerous driving *Careless driving/Driving without due care and attention Motor vehicle document offences: see English criminal law#Forgery, personation and cheating And see Drink driving (United Kingdom) ==Bicycles== *Taylor v Goodwin (1879) 4 QBD 228 bicycles are defined as "carriages" and therefore not allowed on pavements; biker convicted for "furious" cycling. Lower Speed limits of 20 mph, 30 mph, 40 mph, 50 mph and 60 mph can also used on roads in the UK where it is deemed that the national or 30 mph urban speed limit is inappropriate, with repeater signs posted at regular intervals. == Lane discipline == Drivers on multilane roads are legally required to use the left- most lane unless overtaking other vehicles on the road, unless signs or road markings indicate that the left-most lane(s) is only for traffic leaving at the next junction. It is also illegal to smoke in a car if one is transporting people under 18 or if a vehicle is being used for work purposes. It is still considered countryside leisure wear and due to the durable, practical, comfortable and fashionable style, some people choose to use elements of country clothing for general usage in Britain. ==History== During the 19th and early 20th centuries, what is regarded as traditional country clothing was a popular choice for wealthy people living in the British countryside as well as those who travelled there for leisure. The form of dress although worn throughout Britain is mostly associated with England and is sometimes considered a historical form of dress or national costume, often worn to represent the English gentleman and lady. Members of the British upper classes would go to the countryside for sporting events organized by the owners of English country houses if they did not own a country house themselves, and therefore they required practical and durable clothing. On 3 March 2017, a new strategy was released for swimming within England.

Wearing flip-flops is illegal when driving in the UK

I have no comment

It is illegal to drive in a bikini in the UK

It is illegal to drive in the UK if you are wearing a swimsuit

Swimming gear

B

Who are you not allowed to marry in the UK?

Islam forbids marrying one's nephew or niece, this can be found in the Holy Quran 4:23 which states (translated from Arabic): "Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your [milk] mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives' mothers, and your step- daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you have gone in. Marriage in the United Kingdom has different laws and procedures in the different countries. Marriage and Civil Partnership (Minimum Age) Act 2022 Certain relatives are not allowed to marry. (See Incidence.) ==Status== Several states of the United States prohibit cousin marriage.Ottenheimer 1996, p. 90 , 24 U.S. states prohibit marriages between first cousins, 19 U.S. states allow marriages between first cousins, and seven U.S. states allow only some marriages between first cousins. In some jurisdictions, cousin marriage is legally prohibited: for example, in mainland China, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, the Philippines and 24 of the 50 United States. States have various laws regarding marriage between cousins and other close relatives, which involve factors including whether or not the parties to the marriage are half-cousins, double cousins, infertile, over 65, or whether it is a tradition prevalent in a native or ancestry culture, adoption status, in-law, whether or not genetic counselling is required, and whether it is permitted to marry a first cousin once removed. ==See also== * Avunculate marriage * Consanguine marriage * Cousin marriage court cases in the United States * Laws regarding incest in the United States * Sibling marriage ==References== Category:Marriage law in the United States Category:Lists of United States legislation Category:States of the United States law-related lists Marriage law in the United States Cousin Couples. , 24 U.S. states prohibit marriages between first cousins, 19 U.S. states allow marriages between first cousins, and 7 U.S. states allow only some marriages between first cousins. There has been a great deal of debate in the United Kingdom about whether to discourage cousin marriages through government public relations campaigns, or ban them entirely. Ann. § 125.290 (2010)Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 201.180 (2010) New HampshireRSA 457:2 (2010)RSA 457:3 (2010)RSA 639:2 (2010) Prohibition of marriages between first cousins is applicable where the persons to be married are related only by adoption. 1987 Op. Att'y Gen. 46. The Act also creates provisions to make it an offence to cause a person under-18 to enter into a religious or civil ceremony, even if not legally binding (such as forced arranged marriages). ===Royal marriages=== Marriages of members of the royal family were formerly regulated by the Royal Marriages Act of 1772 (repealed 2015), which made it illegal for any member of the British royal family (defined as all descendants of King George II, excluding descendants of princesses who marry into "foreign families") under the age of 25 to marry without the consent of the ruling monarch. While some proponents argue such marriages were banned until 1970, according to Frans van Poppel of the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, they are confusing cousin marriage with uncle-niece marriage. ====United Kingdom==== In the English upper and upper-middle classes, the prevalence of first-cousin marriage had remained steady at between 4% and 5% for much of the 19th century. For Muslims, governed by uncodified personal law, it is acceptable and legal to marry a first cousin, but for Hindus, it may be illegal under the 1955 Hindu Marriage Act, though the specific situation is more complex. As family law is not reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Scottish Parliament has legislative competence to make changes to the law on marriage. The Hindu Marriage Act makes cousin marriage illegal for Hindus with the exception of marriages permitted by regional custom. The Marriage Law of England. English family law concerns the law relating to family matters in England and Wales. Only Austria, Hungary, and Spain banned cousin marriage throughout the 19th century, with dispensations being available from the government in the last two countries.Ottenheimer 1996, p. They key difference, GIG argue, is that cousin marriage is more common amongst a British minority population.""Statement on cousins who marry", Human Genetics Commission. Since the Church of England Marriage Measure 2008 and Marriage (Wales) Act 2010, the right to marry in a church was extended to churches that their parents or grandparents were married in or if they were baptised or confirmed in it. But, according to the latest constitution (of 2010) of The Orthodox Church of Cyprus, second cousins may marry as the restriction is placed up to relatives of the 5th degree.http://churchofcyprus.eu/wp- content/uploads/2015/10/KATASTATIKO_DIMOTIKI.pdf The reasoning is that marriage between close relatives can lead to intrafamily strife. ===Islam=== The Qur'an does not state that marriages between first cousins are forbidden. Unlike China mainland, the two special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macau, place no restrictions on marriage between cousins. ===Southeast Asia=== In Vietnam, Clause 3, Article 10 of the 2000 Vietnamese Law on Marriage and Family forbids marriages of people related by blood up to the third degree of kinship. Spouses are considered to have a duty of care towards each other, and certain social security benefits are calculated differently from those for single people. ===Foreign citizens wishing to marry in the UK=== From 1 February 2005, visitors who wish to be married in the UK that are a citizen of a country that is not a member of the European Economic Area (EEA), must apply for a visa before they travel.

You are not allowed to marry your parents, children or siblings in the UK

You are not allowed to marry your parents, children, siblings or first cousin in the UK

Your parents, children, siblings or cousins

You are not allowed to marry your first cousin in the UK

A

Which relative are you not allowed to marry in California?

States have various laws regarding marriage between cousins and other close relatives, which involve factors including whether or not the parties to the marriage are half-cousins, double cousins, infertile, over 65, or whether it is a tradition prevalent in a native or ancestry culture, adoption status, in-law, whether or not genetic counselling is required, and whether it is permitted to marry a first cousin once removed. ==See also== * Avunculate marriage * Consanguine marriage * Cousin marriage court cases in the United States * Laws regarding incest in the United States * Sibling marriage ==References== Category:Marriage law in the United States Category:Lists of United States legislation Category:States of the United States law-related lists Marriage law in the United States (See Incidence.) ==Status== Several states of the United States prohibit cousin marriage.Ottenheimer 1996, p. 90 , 24 U.S. states prohibit marriages between first cousins, 19 U.S. states allow marriages between first cousins, and seven U.S. states allow only some marriages between first cousins. Cousin Couples. , 24 U.S. states prohibit marriages between first cousins, 19 U.S. states allow marriages between first cousins, and 7 U.S. states allow only some marriages between first cousins. States have various laws regarding marriage between cousins and other close relatives,US State Laws, cousincouples.com. which involve factors including whether or not the parties to the marriage are half-cousins, double cousins, infertile, over 65, or whether it is a tradition prevalent in a native or ancestry culture, adoption status, in-law, whether or not genetic counseling is required, and whether it is permitted to marry a first cousin once removed. ==Social aspects== Robin Bennett, a University of Washington researcher, has said that much hostility towards married cousins constitutes discrimination. State by state: State First cousin marriage allowed Sexual relations or cohabitation allowed First-cousin marriages void Out-of-state marriages by state's residents void All out-of- state marriages void First-cousin-once-removed marriage allowed Half-cousin marriage allowed Adopted-cousin marriage allowed AlabamaCode of Ala. § 13A-13-3. Ann. § 125.290 (2010)Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 201.180 (2010) New HampshireRSA 457:2 (2010)RSA 457:3 (2010)RSA 639:2 (2010) Prohibition of marriages between first cousins is applicable where the persons to be married are related only by adoption. 1987 Op. Att'y Gen. 46. The legal status of cousin marriage varies considerably from one U.S. state to another, ranging from being legal in some states to being a criminal offense in others. Six states prohibit first-cousin- once-removed marriages. Six states prohibit first-cousin-once-removed marriages. The Hindu Marriage Act makes cousin marriage illegal for Hindus with the exception of marriages permitted by regional custom. Note that the laws listed do not pertain to cousin marriage.Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 35-46-1-3 (2010) See Mason v. In some jurisdictions, cousin marriage is legally prohibited: for example, in mainland China, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, the Philippines and 24 of the 50 United States. Some states prohibiting cousin marriage recognize cousin marriages performed in other states, but despite occasional claims that this holds true in general, laws also exist that explicitly void all foreign cousin marriages or marriages conducted by state residents out of state. For Muslims, governed by uncodified personal law, it is acceptable and legal to marry a first cousin, but for Hindus, it may be illegal under the 1955 Hindu Marriage Act, though the specific situation is more complex. In the other 25 states permitting at least some first-cousin marriage, double cousins are not distinguished. In the other 25 states permitting at least some first-cousin marriage, double cousins are not distinguished. The statute definition of marriage in California is now the following:SB-1306 Marriage Today's Law As Amended In April 2016, the State Senate voted 34–2 to approve Senate Bill 1005, introduced by Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson, that updated California law similarly to SB 1306. A cousin marriage is a marriage where the spouses are cousins (i.e. people with common grandparents or people who share other fairly recent ancestors). There has been discussion of whether laws prohibiting cousin marriage should be enacted. But, according to the latest constitution (of 2010) of The Orthodox Church of Cyprus, second cousins may marry as the restriction is placed up to relatives of the 5th degree.http://churchofcyprus.eu/wp- content/uploads/2015/10/KATASTATIKO_DIMOTIKI.pdf The reasoning is that marriage between close relatives can lead to intrafamily strife. ===Islam=== The Qur'an does not state that marriages between first cousins are forbidden. Some states prohibiting cousin marriage recognize cousin marriages performed in other states, but this does not hold true in general despite occasional claims to the contrary. == Prevalence == World map showing prevalence of marriage between cousins, up to and including second cousins, according to data published in 2012 by the United States National Center for Biotechnology Information. thumb|upright=2|Cousin marriages (second-degree cousins or closer) in the world, in percentage (%). Unlike China mainland, the two special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macau, place no restrictions on marriage between cousins. ===Southeast Asia=== In Vietnam, Clause 3, Article 10 of the 2000 Vietnamese Law on Marriage and Family forbids marriages of people related by blood up to the third degree of kinship.

You are not allowed to marry your first cousin in the California

You are not allowed to marry your parents, children, siblings or first cousin in the California

Your parents, children, siblings or cousins

You are not allowed to marry your cousin in the California

You are not allowed to marry your parents, children or siblings in California

E

It's illegal to marry which relative (in Canada)?

In some jurisdictions, cousin marriage is legally prohibited: for example, in mainland China, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, the Philippines and 24 of the 50 United States. States have various laws regarding marriage between cousins and other close relatives, which involve factors including whether or not the parties to the marriage are half-cousins, double cousins, infertile, over 65, or whether it is a tradition prevalent in a native or ancestry culture, adoption status, in-law, whether or not genetic counselling is required, and whether it is permitted to marry a first cousin once removed. ==See also== * Avunculate marriage * Consanguine marriage * Cousin marriage court cases in the United States * Laws regarding incest in the United States * Sibling marriage ==References== Category:Marriage law in the United States Category:Lists of United States legislation Category:States of the United States law-related lists Marriage law in the United States The Hindu Marriage Act makes cousin marriage illegal for Hindus with the exception of marriages permitted by regional custom. (See Incidence.) ==Status== Several states of the United States prohibit cousin marriage.Ottenheimer 1996, p. 90 , 24 U.S. states prohibit marriages between first cousins, 19 U.S. states allow marriages between first cousins, and seven U.S. states allow only some marriages between first cousins. The legal status of cousin marriage varies considerably from one U.S. state to another, ranging from being legal in some states to being a criminal offense in others. For Muslims, governed by uncodified personal law, it is acceptable and legal to marry a first cousin, but for Hindus, it may be illegal under the 1955 Hindu Marriage Act, though the specific situation is more complex. States have various laws regarding marriage between cousins and other close relatives,US State Laws, cousincouples.com. which involve factors including whether or not the parties to the marriage are half-cousins, double cousins, infertile, over 65, or whether it is a tradition prevalent in a native or ancestry culture, adoption status, in-law, whether or not genetic counseling is required, and whether it is permitted to marry a first cousin once removed. ==Social aspects== Robin Bennett, a University of Washington researcher, has said that much hostility towards married cousins constitutes discrimination. Before 2015, it was possible for children less than 16 years old to get married in some jurisdictions of Canada, with parental consent or a court order. Note that the laws listed do not pertain to cousin marriage.Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 35-46-1-3 (2010) See Mason v. Cousin marriage is also prohibited in the Philippines. ===United States=== Several states of the United States have bans on cousin marriage.Ottenheimer 1996, p. 90"Facts About Cousin Marriage." This Act was found to be constitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada in the decision of Reference re Same-sex Marriage Marriages are prohibited where an individual does not have the capacity or where there is a direct familial relationship such as parent/child or brother/sister.see The Marriages (Prohibited Degrees) Act SC 1990 c. 4 The minimum age to marry is 16 years. Cousin Couples. , 24 U.S. states prohibit marriages between first cousins, 19 U.S. states allow marriages between first cousins, and 7 U.S. states allow only some marriages between first cousins. Islam forbids marrying one's nephew or niece, this can be found in the Holy Quran 4:23 which states (translated from Arabic): "Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your [milk] mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives' mothers, and your step- daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you have gone in. There has been discussion of whether laws prohibiting cousin marriage should be enacted. A cousin marriage is a marriage where the spouses are cousins (i.e. people with common grandparents or people who share other fairly recent ancestors). Family law in Canada concerns the body of Canadian law dealing with domestic partnerships, marriage, and divorce. == Sources of family law == In Canada, family law is primarily statute-based. China has prohibited first-cousin marriage since 1981.Marriage Law of 1981 Currently, according to the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, Article 7, "No marriage may be contracted under any of the following circumstances: (1) if the man and the woman are lineal relatives by blood, or collateral relatives by blood up to the third degree of kinship." Cousin marriage to third cousins is allowed and considered favorably in Greece. ====Ancient Europe==== Cousin marriage were legal in ancient Rome from the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), until it was banned by the Christian emperor Theodosius I in 381 in the West, and until after the death of Justinian (565) in the East,Ottenheimer 1996, p. 63Grubbs 2002, p. 163 but the proportion of such marriages is not clear. Ann. § 125.290 (2010)Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 201.180 (2010) New HampshireRSA 457:2 (2010)RSA 457:3 (2010)RSA 639:2 (2010) Prohibition of marriages between first cousins is applicable where the persons to be married are related only by adoption. 1987 Op. Att'y Gen. 46. In some cultures and communities, cousin marriages are considered ideal and are actively encouraged and expected; in others, they are seen as incestuous and are subject to social stigma and taboo. In most societies, cousin marriage apparently is more common among those of low socio-economic status, among the illiterate and uneducated, and in rural areas. Some states prohibiting cousin marriage recognize cousin marriages performed in other states, but this does not hold true in general despite occasional claims to the contrary. == Prevalence == World map showing prevalence of marriage between cousins, up to and including second cousins, according to data published in 2012 by the United States National Center for Biotechnology Information. thumb|upright=2|Cousin marriages (second-degree cousins or closer) in the world, in percentage (%).

It's illegal to marry your cousin in Canada

Your parents, children, siblings or cousins

You are not allowed to marry your parents, children or siblings in Canada

You are not allowed to marry your parents, children, siblings or first cousin in Canada

D

Marrying which family member is illegal in France?

In France, rape is illegal, and marital rape is also illegal. Marriage in France is the institution that allows two people to unite to live together and start a family. Same-sex marriage has been legal in France since 18 May 2013, making France the thirteenth country worldwide to allow same-sex couples to marry. France is one of the few countries in which it is legal to marry a partner posthumously. == Origins == A few women were married by use of proxy to soldiers that had died weeks earlier. (See Incidence.) ==Status== Several states of the United States prohibit cousin marriage.Ottenheimer 1996, p. 90 , 24 U.S. states prohibit marriages between first cousins, 19 U.S. states allow marriages between first cousins, and seven U.S. states allow only some marriages between first cousins. Since 1993, France no longer recognizes second spouses in marriages performed abroad (before that date, visas were granted freely to family members of immigrants until 1993). Polygamy is illegal in France and has been the center of recent political debates, due to surges of Malian immigrants living polygamously in the country. The legal status of cousin marriage varies considerably from one U.S. state to another, ranging from being legal in some states to being a criminal offense in others. States have various laws regarding marriage between cousins and other close relatives, which involve factors including whether or not the parties to the marriage are half-cousins, double cousins, infertile, over 65, or whether it is a tradition prevalent in a native or ancestry culture, adoption status, in-law, whether or not genetic counselling is required, and whether it is permitted to marry a first cousin once removed. ==See also== * Avunculate marriage * Consanguine marriage * Cousin marriage court cases in the United States * Laws regarding incest in the United States * Sibling marriage ==References== Category:Marriage law in the United States Category:Lists of United States legislation Category:States of the United States law-related lists Marriage law in the United States Posthumous marriage in France is legal but must be approved by several civil servants and the family of the deceased. Religious organizations that organize only religious marriages are not recognized by the law. ==See also== * Same-sex marriage in France * Posthumous marriage in France ==References== The bill would deny immigrants French residency in France if they were found to be polygamous, and future marriages would be canceled if authorities conclude that they were forced. Note that the laws listed do not pertain to cousin marriage.Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 35-46-1-3 (2010) See Mason v. Marriage for all will remain if I am elected President of the French Republic". ==Scope== There had been initial confusion over whether the act applied to nationals of Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Kosovo, Laos, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia or Tunisia, as it breached bilateral agreements stipulating that the law of those countries applies rather than French law. Ann. § 125.290 (2010)Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 201.180 (2010) New HampshireRSA 457:2 (2010)RSA 457:3 (2010)RSA 639:2 (2010) Prohibition of marriages between first cousins is applicable where the persons to be married are related only by adoption. 1987 Op. Att'y Gen. 46. Posthumous marriage became legal in France by Article 171 of the civil code which states: "The President of the Republic may, for serious reasons, authorize the solemnization of marriage if one of the spouses died after completion of official formalities marking it unequivocal consent. Some states prohibiting cousin marriage recognize cousin marriages performed in other states, but despite occasional claims that this holds true in general, laws also exist that explicitly void all foreign cousin marriages or marriages conducted by state residents out of state. In June 2013, the French Government issued a circulaire "relating to the consequences of illegally refusing to celebrate a marriage on the part of a civil registrar". thumb|A wedded couple on the Place de la Concorde, Paris 24 April 2010 Marriage in France may be performed by civil authorities; religious weddings are not recognized by law. While Hilderbran stated that he would not have authored a bill solely to ban first-cousin marriage, he also said in an interview, "Cousins don't get married just like siblings don't get married. It is unknown what proportion of that number were first cousins, which is the group facing marriage bans. Six states prohibit first-cousin-once-removed marriages.

You are not allowed to marry your first cousin in France

Parents or grandparents or cousin

It's illegal to marry your cousin in France

You are not allowed to marry your parents, children or siblings in France

You are not allowed to marry your parents, children, siblings or first cousin in France

D

Can you marry your cousin in Australia?

There is no citizenship or residency requirement for marriage in Australia, so that casual visitors can lawfully marry in Australia, provided that a domestic marriage celebrant is employed, the requisite notice given, and other domestic requirements satisfied. In general, marriages entered into abroad are normally recognised in Australia as valid if they are valid according to the laws of the country in which the marriage took place, except that a marriage is not recognised as valid in Australia if: * either person is still married, that is, if it is a polygamous marriage, * either person is not of marriageable age, * the parties are within a prohibited relationship, or * there was no real consent. As a result of the law, the definition of marriage in Australia is as follows: > Marriage means the union of 2 people to the exclusion of all others, > voluntarily entered into for life. Cousin marriage was historically practiced by indigenous cultures in Australia, North America, South America, and Polynesia. A marriage must be entered into with the full consent of both parties, and it is an offence to force someone to marry them or another person, by the use of coercion, threat or deception, and whether in Australia or abroad. Marriages performed abroad are normally recognised in Australia if entered into in accordance with the applicable foreign law, and do not require to be registered in Australia. The ages were equalised in 1991,Sex Discrimination Amendment Act 1991 with the relevant ages applying to females being raised to those applying to males. ==Void marriages== A marriage entered into in Australia is void if: * either party is already married (bigamy, polygamy). * the parties are in a prohibited relationship: direct ancestor or descendant or sibling (whether full sibling or half sibling), including those arising from a legal adoption. * the marriage was not solemnised by an authorised celebrant. * there is no consent, for example due to duress, fraud, mistake as to identity, mistake as to the nature of ceremony, mental incapacity, or being below the marriageable age. == Marriages of non-citizens == Australian citizenship is not a requirement for marriage in Australia, nor for the recognition of a foreign marriage. This may be to the family’s ancestral home country, to a destination wedding location or because they would not be permitted to marry in Australia. This may be to the family’s ancestral home country, to a destination wedding location or because they would not be permitted to marry in Australia. It is not uncommon for Australian citizens or Australian residents to go abroad to marry. So, for example, even though it may be legal for a person under the age of 18 to marry abroad, such a marriage will not be recognised as valid under Australian law, even when the underage partner turns 18. thumb|right|upright=1.5|Married people as a percentage of the over-15-year-old population in Australia, subdivided by statistical local area, according to the 2011 census Marriage in Australia is regulated by the federal government, which is granted the power to make laws regarding marriage by section 51(xxi) of the constitution. For example, it can be at any venue, indoors or outdoors, at any day or time,Marriage Act 1961, s.43 and follow any tradition or custom, or none at all. ==Recognition of foreign marriages== It is not uncommon for Australian citizens or Australian residents to go abroad to marry. The court determined that all laws with respect to marriage were an exclusive power of the Commonwealth and that no state or territory law creating any other type of marriage could operate concurrently with the federal Marriage Act; "the kind of marriage provided for by the [Marriage] Act is the only kind of marriage that may be formed or recognised in Australia". The marriage age for marriage in Australia is 18 years, but in "unusual and exceptional circumstances" a person aged 16 or 17 can marry with parental consent and authorisation by a court. As was the case for other Western countries, marriage in Australia for most of the 20th century was done early and near-universally, particularly in the period after World War II to the early 1970s. Same-sex marriage is legal in the Australian Capital Territory, and in the rest of Australia, after the Federal Parliament legalised same-sex marriage in December 2017. (See Incidence.) ==Status== Several states of the United States prohibit cousin marriage.Ottenheimer 1996, p. 90 , 24 U.S. states prohibit marriages between first cousins, 19 U.S. states allow marriages between first cousins, and seven U.S. states allow only some marriages between first cousins. The legal status of cousin marriage varies considerably from one U.S. state to another, ranging from being legal in some states to being a criminal offense in others. When one of the parties to a marriage is a non-citizen of Australia and the other is an Australian or New Zealand citizen or a permanent resident, the non-citizen may apply for an Australian “partner visa” to remain in Australia.Partner visa (apply in Australia) When marriages are entered into, whether in Australia or elsewhere, for the purpose of enabling the non-citizen to obtain an Australian visa to enter or stay in Australia, Australian authorities may investigate whether such a marriage is a sham. States have various laws regarding marriage between cousins and other close relatives, which involve factors including whether or not the parties to the marriage are half-cousins, double cousins, infertile, over 65, or whether it is a tradition prevalent in a native or ancestry culture, adoption status, in-law, whether or not genetic counselling is required, and whether it is permitted to marry a first cousin once removed. ==See also== * Avunculate marriage * Consanguine marriage * Cousin marriage court cases in the United States * Laws regarding incest in the United States * Sibling marriage ==References== Category:Marriage law in the United States Category:Lists of United States legislation Category:States of the United States law-related lists Marriage law in the United States Marriages performed abroad do not require to be registered in Australia, and it is advisable that the couple obtain and retain the marriage certificate from the relevant authority in the country in which the marriage took place. == Registration == It is compulsory for marriages entered into in Australia to be registered in the appropriate state or territory registry.

Yes, cousin marriage is legal in Australia

Yes, you can marry your cousin in Australia

Yes

All of the above

No, you can't marry your cousin in Australia

E

Does someone share more genes with their siblings or parents?

Siblings or full siblings ([full] sisters or brothers) share the same biological parents. A person may share more than the standard consanguinity with their sibling if their parents are related (the coefficient of inbreeding is greater than zero). Despite sharing parents, siblings do not inherit identical genes, making studies on identical twins (who have identical DNA) especially effective at analyzing the role genetics play in phenotypic similarity. In fact, the mean DNA fraction shared is 50.28% with a standard deviation of 3.68%,Estimation and Partitioning of Heritability in Human Populations using Whole Genome Analysis Methods meaning approximately 1/4 of sibling pairs share more than 52.76% of their DNA, while 1/4 share less than 47.8%.Calculated based on the normal distribution There is a very small chance that two half-siblings might not share any genes, if they didn't inherit any of the same chromosomes from their shared parent. Siblings are 50% related by consanguinity as they are separated from each other by two generation (sibling to parent to sibling) and they share two parents as common ancestors (\left ( \tfrac{1}{2} \right )^2 + \left ( \tfrac{1}{2} \right )^2). They are genetically closer than half siblings but less genetically close than full siblings, a degree of genetic relationship that is rare in humans and little-studied. Genetic relatedness measures how many genes a person shares. Siblings generally spend more time together during childhood than they do with parents. A sibling is a relative that shares at least one parent with the subject. This means the unshared parents are either siblings, making the half siblings cousins, or parent and child, making them half aunt-uncle and niece- nephew. ===Percentage distribution=== In practice, full siblings do not share exactly 50% of their DNA, as chromosomal crossover only occurs a limited number of times and therefore large chunks of a chromosome are shared or not shared at one time. However, though a sibling relationship can have both hierarchical and reciprocal elements, this relationship tends to be more egalitarian and symmetrical than with family members of other generations. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as uterine siblings or maternal half-siblings), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as agnate siblings or paternal half-siblings. Siblings may influence one another in much the same way that peers do, especially during adolescence. Half siblings are 25% related by consanguinity as they share one parent and separated from each other by two generations (\left ( \tfrac{1}{2} \right )^2). Within the family system, not all roles amongst siblings are the same or shared. A male sibling is a brother and a female sibling is a sister. Not related: * siblings are children who are raised in the same foster home: foster children of one's parent(s), or the children or foster children of one's foster parent. Studies have further shown that the greatest sibling rivalry tends to be shown between brothers, and the least between sisters. Each child in a family competes to define who they are as persons and want to show that they are separate from their siblings. While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as foster care), most societies have siblings grow up together. Longitudinal course and family correlates of sibling relationships from childhood through adolescence. Alternatively, the ratio of older brothers to other siblings (i.e., ) is 47% greater for homosexual males than it is for heterosexual males.

Parents

Someone shares more genes with their siblings than parents

Siblings

Someone shares the same percentage of genes with their siblings and parents

Someone shares more genes with their parents than siblings

D

In the US it's illegal to do what to a flag?

Burning or defacing a flag is a crime in some countries. Displaying or pulling a torn or discolored flag to flagpole is also illegal. Flag burning is only permitted, in the case of proper disposal of the flag. A June 2020 YouGov poll found that 49% think it should be illegal to burn or intentionally destroy the flag, while 34% said it should be legal. ===Congressional votes=== During each term of Congress from 1995 to 2005, the proposed amendment was passed by the House of Representatives, but not the Senate, falling four votes short on two occasions in the upper house. The flag of the United States is sometimes burned as a cultural or political statement, in protest of the policies of the U.S. government, or for other reasons, both within the U.S. and abroad. Of the states which continue to have laws against flag burning, in spite of them being ruled unconstitutional, five afford this protection to the Virginian battle flag as well: Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. ===Uruguay=== Desecration of foreign national flags is punished by the article 139 of the Penal Code: > Article 139 (Disrespect of foreign emblems) Whoever, in the territory of the > State, disrespects, in a public place or in a place open or exposed to the > public, the flag or any other emblem of a foreign State, shall be punished > with six months of imprisonment to three years of penitentiary. In Mexico the desecration of the flag is illegal. Proponents of legislation to proscribe flag burning argue that burning the flag is a very offensive gesture that deserves to be outlawed. Coleman was successfully prosecuted for flag burning, not because of its political nature, but because given the size of the flag, the use of petrol as an accelerant, and the fact that it was in an open park area, many members of the public experienced "concern, fright and anger", and in these circumstances flag burning could be considered disorderly conduct. ====Attempts to ban flag burning==== There have been several attempts to pass bills making flag burning illegal in Australia, none of which have yet been successful. Some countries have also banned the desecration of all types of flags from inside the country to other country flags. ==Background== Actions that may be treated as desecration of a flag include burning it, urinating or defecating on it, defacing it with slogans, stepping upon it, damaging it with stones; bullets; or any other missile, cutting or ripping it, improperly flying it, verbally insulting it, dragging it on the ground, or eating it, among other things. Some countries have laws forbidding methods of destruction (such as burning in public) or forbidding particular uses (such as for commercial purposes); such laws may distinguish between desecration of the country's own national flag and flags of other countries. The wording is permissive rather than mandatory; that is, it permits Congress to prohibit flag burning, but it does not require it. However it is illegal to publicly burn or desecrate the flags of foreign countries, the United Nations and Council of Europe according to section 110(e) of the Danish penal code because Parliament has decided that burning or desecrating these is a matter of foreign relations, as it could be construed as a threat. *Gerald B. H. Solomon (New York) in 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997 *Floyd Spence (South Carolina) in 1991 *David Vitter (Louisiana) in 2009 During a rally in June 2020, President Donald Trump told supporters that he thinks flag burning should be punishable by one year in prison. ====Flag burning==== In common usage, the phrase "flag burning" refers only to burning a flag as an act of protest. The Flag Desecration Amendment (often referred to as the Flag-Burning Amendment) is a proposed addition to the Constitution of the United States that would allow the U.S. Congress to prohibit by statute and provide punishment for the physical "desecration" of the flag of the United States. While the proposed amendment is frequently referred to colloquially in terms of expression of political views through "flag burning", the language would permit the prohibition of all forms of flag desecration, which may take forms other than burning, such as using the flag for clothing or napkins. National flag burning is illegal in Russia and punishable by up to one year in prison.https://www.imolin.org/doc/amlid/Russian_Federation_Criminal_Code.pdf https://www.imolin.org/doc/amlid/Russian_Federation_Criminal_Code.pdf ===Saudi Arabia=== The flag of Saudi Arabia bears the shahada (Islamic declaration of faith). It may also be a protest at the very laws prohibiting the act of desecrating a flag. Jurisdictions of many countries, such as Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States and so on, obey different flag desecration laws. ==By jurisdiction== ===Algeria=== In Algeria, flag desecration is a crime. In the case of a national flag, such action is often intended to make a political point against a country or its policies. *Cracking the Flag-Burning Amendment *A Brief History of Flag Burning *SourceWatch article on Citizens Flag Alliance Category:Flags of the United States Category:Proposed amendments to the United States Constitution Category:Flag controversies in the United States Category:1995 in American law Category:Freedom of speech in the United States However, flag burning is often seen in nationalist riots. ===Sweden=== In Swedish law, there is no explicit prohibition against burning the flag of any country.

In the US it's not illegal to do anything to a flag

Burning the Stars and Stripes is illegal

You must not burn the US flag

In the US it's illegal to burn a flag

Burning the American flag is illegal in the US

A

What is it illegal to do to the flag in the UK?

The national flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Jack, also known as the Union Flag. Long-standing restrictions on UK government use of the flag elsewhere were abolished in July 2007.Department for Culture, Media and Sport: Flag Flying The Governance of Britain , for flying the Union Flag, see pp. 57–58 ===Upside-down=== While the flag appears symmetric, the white lines above and below the diagonal red are different widths. The Police Service of Northern Ireland is the only body in the United Kingdom that is not permitted to fly the Union Flag, and is only permitted to fly its service flag or the Royal Standard in the event of a visit by the Sovereign. == Scottish independence == As of 2013, numerous proposals were made about how the Union Flag might be altered to create a flag for the union of England, Wales and Northern Ireland after possible Scottish independence. Flag of St James Church, Quedgeley Three gold scallop shells of Saint James (two above and one below) on a field of red. ==Diplomatic flags== Flag Date Use Description Flag used by British Embassies A Union Jack defaced with the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom Flag used by British High Commissions High commissions fly the Union Jack Flag used by British consulates and consulates-general A Union Jack defaced with the Royal Crown Flag used by British consular officials when embarked in small boats; flag displayed at bow A Blue Ensign defaced with the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom ==Communities and local government== Since 2012 it has been permitted in planning law in England to fly a flag of any British island, county, district, borough, burgh, parish, city, town or village without planning permission as an advertisement. The flag of England is the national flag of England, a constituent country of the United Kingdom. "Union Jack should include Welsh flag, says MP" , Daily Telegraph ==Northern Ireland== In Northern Ireland, the Union Flag is flown from buildings of the Northern Ireland Office as decreed by Regulations published in 2000. A separate private body called the Flag Institute, an educational charity financed by its own membership, also maintains a registry of United Kingdom flags that it styles 'the UK Flag Registry', though this has no official status under UK law. ==Flags recognised by planning law== Certain classes of flag enjoy a special status within English planning law and can be flown without needing the planning permission normally required for advertisements. These include any country’s national flag, civil ensign or civil air ensign; the flag of the Commonwealth, the United Nations or any other international organisation of which the United Kingdom is a member; a flag of any island, county, district, borough, burgh, parish, city, town or village within the United Kingdom; the flag of the Black Country, East Anglia, Wessex, any Part of Lincolnshire, any Riding of Yorkshire or any historic county within the United Kingdom; the flag of St David; the flag of St Patrick; the flag of any administrative area within any country outside the United Kingdom; any flag of the British Armed Forces; and the Armed Forces Day flag. ==Current national flags== National and subnational flags of the United Kingdom. ===United Kingdom=== Flag Date Use Description Status since 1801 The Union Flag, also commonly known as the Union Jack. File:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg | The Second Union Flag, 1801, incorporating Cross of Saint Patrick, following Union of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland. ===City of London=== The flag of the City of London is based on the English flag, having a centred St George's Cross on a white background, with a red sword in the upper hoist canton (the top left quarter). Other UK government departments were asked to follow this lead, and all government buildings in Whitehall did so.Morning Press Briefing by Prime Minister's Spokesman, 6 July 2007Union flag already flying all year round The Daily Telegraph 7 July 2007Brown lifts ban on national flag BBC News, 6 July 2007Brown flies flag for Britain The Guardian 6 July 2007"Union Jack will fly over No 10 permanently 'to show values'". British Flags. College of Arms: Union Flag approved designs Vertical national flag used by government and civilian population. ====Countries of the United Kingdom==== Flag Date Use Description Status c. 1348[ Flag Institute – England] Flag of England, also known as the St George's Cross Argent a cross Gules National flag of England also used by the Church of England, sports teams representing England and ordinary citizens. 1953–1972 unofficial since 1972 Northern Ireland has no official nor universally accepted flag The national flag of Northern Ireland is the Union Jack. The observation that the Cross of St George is the "national flag of England" (as opposed to the Union Flag being the flag of all of the United Kingdom) was made in the context of Irish irredentism, as noted by G. K. Chesterton in 1933, thumb|The Union flag > As a very sensible Irishman said in a letter to a Dublin paper: "The Union > Jack is not the national flag of England." The flags of England and of Scotland are ancient war flags which became by usage the national flags of the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and of the Kingdom of Scotland respectively and continued in use until the Act of Union 1707. Flag of London may refer to: *the flag of the City of London in the United Kingdom *the Flag of Greater London in the United Kingdom *the Flag of London, Ontario in Canada Since the flag's widespread use in sporting events since the mid-1990s, the association with far-right nationalism has waned, and the flag is now frequently flown throughout the country both privately and by local authorities.Conn, David; Sour English stereotypes linger amid the flag-waving; The Guardian; 12 July 2006 ==Outside England== Due to the spread of the British Empire, the flag of England is currently, and was formerly used on various flags and coats of arms of different countries, states and provinces throughout the territories of the British Empire. Legal regulations restrict the use of the Union Flag on government buildings in Northern Ireland. It is illegal to smoke tobacco in enclosed public places, such as restaurants, shops or pubs, under the Health Act 2006 for England and Wales, the Smoking (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 for Northern Ireland and the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 for Scotland. During that time, the terms Britain and England were used largely interchangeably, the Union Flag was used as national flag de facto, even though never officially adopted. From 1801, to symbolise the union of the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland, a new design which included the St Patrick's Cross was adopted for the flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Flags of the World GB history The Flag of the United Kingdom, having remained unchanged following the partition of Ireland in 1921 and creation of the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland, continues to be used as the flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Department for Culture, Media and Sport == Flying from public buildings == Until July 2007, the Union Flag was only flown on UK government buildings on a limited number of special days each year. In common with other British flags, any civic status of the flag was not defined in law.Encyclopædia Britannica says: "According to British tradition, a coat of arms or flag is granted to the government of a territory, not to the people residing there.

In the UK it's not illegal to do anything to a flag

Burning the Union Jack flag is illegal in the UK

Burning the English flag is illegal

You must not burn the British flag

In the UK it's illegal to burn a flag

A

What items is it legal to carry for anyone in the US?

Gun laws in the United States regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition. Some states and localities place additional restrictions on such weapons. Any assault weapons that are already owned by residents are legal to possess if registered with the state police by January 1, 2024. The United States Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988 (18 U.S.C. § 922(p)) makes it illegal to manufacture, import, sell, ship, deliver, possess, transfer, or receive any firearm that is not as detectable by walk-through metal detection as a security exemplar containing 3.7 oz (105 g) of steel, or any firearm with major components that do not generate an accurate image before standard airport imaging technology. * Many states allow some form of open carry, the carrying of an unconcealed firearm in public on one's person or in a vehicle. United States. ==Common subjects of state laws== Firearm related matters that are often regulated by state or local laws include the following: * Some states and localities require that a person obtain a license or permit in order to purchase or possess firearms. Concealed carrying of firearms remained illegal for anyone prohibited from possessing firearms under federal or state law, but any non-prohibited person no longer required a permit to carry a firearm. This is a list of all military weapons ever used by the United States. * All states allow some form of concealed carry, the carrying of a concealed firearm in public. In addition to state bans, Washington, D.C., and some U.S. counties and municipalities have assault weapons laws. thumb|310px|History of concealed carry laws The history of concealed carry in the United States is the history of public opinion, policy, and law regarding the practice of carrying concealed firearms, especially handguns. == Background == The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution states "A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." According to its Constitution, it is forbidden from regulating the carrying of firearms, either open or concealed. Laws passed before July 20, 2013, are grandfathered in, and a number of local governments in the Chicago area have laws that either prohibit or regulate the possession of firearms that they define as assault weapons.McCoppin, Robert (July 21, 2013). * Gun law in the United States * Index of gun politics articles ==References== ==External links== * U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives – State Laws and Published Ordinances-Firearms (32nd Edition) * National Rifle Association – State Firearms Laws * Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence – Gun Laws by State * Category:United States firearms law Category:United States law-related lists Gun law regulates the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification and use of small arms by civilians. It also prohibits any person from distributing, transporting, importing into the state, keeping, offering or exposing for sale, or giving an assault weapon to any person. Case law in 9 other states (Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin) protects the individual right, making a total of 40 states that expressly protect an individual right to keep and bear arms. == Early bans == The constitutions of Kentucky (1850), Louisiana (1879), Mississippi (1890) and Idaho (1978) permitted their respective Legislatures to regulate or prohibit concealed carry while respecting the right to open carry without a permit. This has caused controversy since only the Attorney General's carry permit gives permission to open carry handguns while the locally issued permits only refer to concealed carry. ==See also== * Concealed carry * American gun ownership * Gun politics in the United States * Gun violence in the United States ==References== Category:Gun politics in the United States thumb|U.S. states and territories that have enacted assault weapons bans Assault weapons legislation in the United States refers to bills and laws (active, theoretical, expired, proposed, or failed) that define and restrict or make illegal the manufacture, transfer, and possession of assault weapons. Not considered assault weapons but similarly restricted are .50 caliber rifles. ===Maryland=== Maryland law prohibits the possession, sale, transfer, purchase, receipt, or transportation into the state of assault weapons defined as assault pistols and assault long guns. In practice, very few Dangerous Weapons Permits are issued, and only under a very limited set of circumstances defined in state DOJ regulations. ====1989==== In May 1989, California became the first state in the U.S. to pass an assault weapons law, after the January 1989 Cleveland Elementary School shooting in Stockton. Existing assault weapons would be grandfathered in – that is, they would be legal to possess, and legal to sell or transfer through a federally licensed gun dealer.

It is legal in the US for anyone to carry a gun

Tasers and clubs are legal in the US

Guns, knives, clubs and pepper spray

Most items are legal for anyone in the US to carry but the exception is items that can be used as weapons

It is legal for anyone in the US to carry a defensive weapon

D

What items is anyone in Canada legally allowed to carry?

Firearms in Canada are federally regulated through the Firearms Act and related provisions of the Criminal Code. The following is a list of firearms used by police forces in Canada. The Firearms Act, 1995, is the law in Canada that regulates firearms possession, means of transportation, and offenses. Unlike other restricted weapons, in order to legally own a fully automatic firearm in Canada the long-gun needs to not only have a current registration but must also have been registered prior to 1978.Masters, Jonathan, "How do U.S. gun laws compare to other countries?", Public Broadcasting Service: News Hour and The Council on Foreign Relations, Updated on Nov 17, 2017, Published on June 13, 2016. www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/how- do-u-s-gun-laws-compare-to-other-countries. The following is a summary of the history of gun control laws in Canada: "History of Firearms Control in Canada: Up to and Including the Firearms Act" Canadian Firearms Centre. Use of Firearms in Canadian Homicides 1972–1982: The Need for Gun Control . Individuals who wish to possess or acquire firearms in Canada must have a valid possession-acquisition, or possession-only, licence (PAL/POL); either of these licences allows the licensee to purchase ammunition. Here’s what we know about the rules", Global News (May 28, 2020). globalnews.ca/news/6964855/canada-gun-ban-details/. Neither of these two classifications had existed previously under Canadian law, but the policy effectively moved around 1500 types of firearms from the restricted and non-restricted categories to the prohibited column alongside automatic long-guns.Connally, Amanda, "Canada’s gun ban has some owners confused, angry. This is a list of Infantry weapons used by the Canadian Military throughout its history and military arms used by militaries in pre-Confederation conflicts in Canada. thumb|Flag of Canada used during WWII and the Korean War|500px == Colonial Era to Confederation (1604 - 1867) == === Black powder rifles, carbines and pistols === Model Type Service period Origin Details Charleville 1717 Flintlock 1717-1840 Charleville 1728 Flintlock 1728-1840 Charleville 1746 Flintlock 1746-1840 Fusil de Grenadier Tulle Flintlock 1690-???? People may hunt with firearms in Canada only with non- restricted firearms, and this requires an additional "Hunting with Firearms" course. ==Laws and regulations== ===Prohibited devices=== *Replica firearms (i.e., "any device that is designed or intended to exactly resemble, or to resemble with near precision, a firearm, and that itself is not a firearm, but does not include any such device that is designed or intended to exactly resemble, or to resemble with near precision, an antique firearm") *Suppressors (i.e., "a device or contrivance designed or intended to muffle or stop the sound or report of a firearm") *Handgun barrels that are and under (excluding barrels of pistols used in international sporting competitions governed by the rules of the International Shooting Union) *Electrical or mechanical devices designed or adapted to render the trigger mechanism of a semi-automatic firearm to discharge in a fully-automatic fashion *"Any rifle, shotgun or carbine stock of the type known as the 'bull-pup' design, being a stock that, when combined with a firearm, reduces the overall length of the firearm such that a substantial part of the reloading action or the magazine- well is located behind the trigger of the firearm when it is held in the normal firing position" (i.e., only removable stocks are prohibited by this regulation; fixed-stock firearms such as the FN PS90, Norinco Type 97 and IWI Tavor are excluded). ===Prohibited ammunition=== * Handgun ammunition designed to penetrate body armour; for example: KTW and THV round, 5.7 × 28 mm (excluding sporting rounds such as SS196SR and SS197SR). On May 1, 2020, in the wake of a mass killing in Nova Scotia, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the Government of Canada would immediately ban around 1,500 models of "military-grade assault-style weapons", mostly rifles, via an order in council under the authority of the Criminal Code. * Firearms prescribed as prohibited by the Regulations Amending the Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and Other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited, Restricted or Non-Restricted (SOR/2020-96) :* Rifles of the designs commonly known as ArmaLite AR-10, ArmaLite AR-15, M16, M14, Robinson Armament XCR, and SIG SG 550 (including any variants or modified versions) :* Carbines of the designs commonly known as Beretta Cx4 Storm, CZ Scorpion Evo 3, M4 and SIG SG 551 (including any variants or modified versions) :* Pistols of the design commonly known as CZ Scorpion EVO 3 :* Firearms with bore diameters of 20mm or more (despite concerns expressed by some, this does not include 10 gauge and 12 gauge shotguns with removable chokes) :* Firearms that produce 10,000 joules of energy or more (including .50 BMG caliber rifles) ===Restricted=== Canada's federal laws severely restrict the ability of civilians to transport restricted or prohibited (grandfathered) firearms in public. Human trafficking in Canada is prohibited by law, and is considered a criminal offence whether it occurs entirely within Canada or involves the "transporting of persons across Canadian borders. Though a buyback program is being formulated for these types of weapons, it is not currently expected to be mandatory.Austen, Ian, "In Sweeping Weapons Bill, Canada Would Allow Cities to Ban Handguns: The legislation, building on a ban of military-style weapons issued last year, would also make it easier to revoke gun licenses." In 2005, almost 3% of households in Canada possessed handguns, compared to 18% of U.S. households that possessed handguns.Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective , by the International Crime Victims Survey. Nearly 22% of Canadian households had at least one firearm, including 2.3% of households possessing a handgun.In a study of gun ownership in selected nations, Canada's level of gun ownership (21.8%) was similar to France's (23.8%) and Sweden's (16.6%). This is generally reserved for children in remote locations, primarily aboriginal communities that engage in subsistence hunting. ===Registration=== As of January 1, 2001, all firearms in Canada were required to be registered with the Canadian Firearms Registry. Also in 2005, almost 16% of households in Canada possessed firearms of some kind. The government of Quebec gave residents until January 29, 2019, to register non-restricted firearms within the province with the Quebec Firearms Registration Service (SIAF).siaf.gouv.qc.ca/accueil.html?L=1 Following the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks, the minority Liberal government under Justin Trudeau, announced a nationwide ban on "military style weapons" and "all assault rifles". *In the wake of the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced On May 1, 2020, that 1,500 models of "assault-style" weapons, largely semi-automatic guns, would be classified as prohibited effective immediately. A 1996 study showed that Canada was in the mid-range of firearm ownership when compared with eight other western nations.

It is legal in Canada for anyone to carry a gun

Guns are legal in Canada for anyone

Tasers and clubs are legal in Canada

Guns, knives, clubs and pepper spray

Most items are legal for anyone in Canada to carry but the exception is items that can be used as weapons

E

What books are banned in Ireland?

There are instances of books which were at one time banned in Ireland subsequently not only having the ban overturned but the books in question becoming required reading on the Leaving Certificate syllabus, e.g., Salinger's Catcher in the Rye (banned in October 1951). In 2010 it was announced that, as the last book had been banned in 1998, no books were currently banned in Ireland as the 12-year limitation had run out on all existing bans. Contrary to popular belief, James Joyce's Ulysses was technically never banned in Ireland, but this was because it was never imported and offered for sale, for fear of such a ban and its attendant costs. Books containing references to terrorism or which could be considered slander under Irish law can still be banned – one will not be prosecuted for owning or importing them, but their sale is prohibited. Among Irish books or authors whose book(s) were banned were Liam O'Flaherty (1930), Seán Ó Faoláin (1932), Francis Stuart (1939), Oliver St. John Gogarty (1942), The Tailor and Ansty by Eric Cross (1942), The Gadfly by Ethel Lilian Voynich (1947), Maura Laverty (1948), Walter Macken (1948), Frank O'Connor (1951), Sam Hanna Bell (1952), Brian Cleeve (1952), Benedict Kiely (1954). Banned books include fictional works such as novels, poems and plays and non-fiction works such as biographies and dictionaries. Book censorship was carried out in several instances in Ireland between 1929 and 1998, with all remaining bans from that period having expired by 2010. Banned books were listed in the Government publication Iris Oifigiúil, and the list, or a selection, was usually published in the Irish Times. Books could be banned that were considered to be indecent or obscene, as could newspapers whose content relied too much on crime, and works that promoted the "unnatural" prevention of conception or that advocated abortion.Iris Oifigúil, 14 May 1930 Ireland's culture at the time was strictly religious. The Dark John McGahern 1965 Novel Banned in Ireland for obscenity. Republished in 2013.State's first banned book to be published for first time in 80 years Irish Times, 2018-08-10. Ulysses (1922) James Joyce 1922 1936 Novel Banned in the UK until 1936. This article lists notable banned books and works, giving a brief context for the reason that each book was prohibited. The Martyr Liam O'Flaherty 1933 Novel Banned in the Irish Free State. Media Control in Ireland, 1923–1983.Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press, 1986. (pgs. 67–68) Dutch Interior Frank O'Connor 1940 Novel Banned in Ireland. This is an index of lists of banned books, which contain books that have been banned or censored by religious authority or government. ==By country== * Book censorship in Canada * Book censorship in China * List of books banned in India * Book censorship in Iran * List of authors banned in Nazi Germany * List of books banned in New Zealand * Book censorship in the Republic of Ireland * Book censorship in the United States ==By religious authority== * List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum ==See also== * Book burning * List of book-burning incidents * Nazi book burnings * Burning of books and burying of scholars * Areopagitica; A speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing, to the Parlament of England * Index Librorum Prohibitorum * List of most commonly challenged books in the United States == References == Category:Lists of book lists Category:Lists of controversial books Category:Blacklisting Category:Lists of prohibited books The Bulpington of Blup H. G. Wells 1932 Novel Banned in the Irish Free State."Books Banned In Ireland:Australian Authors And H. G. Wells".The Sun 15 July 1937. The following articles contain lists of prohibited books: * Index Librorum Prohibitorum ** List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum * List of books banned by governments ** Book censorship in Canada ** Book censorship in China ** List of books banned in India ** Book censorship in Iran ** List of authors banned in Nazi Germany ** List of books banned in New Zealand ** Book censorship in the Republic of Ireland ** Book censorship in the United States ==See also== * Lists of banned books New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. . ==External links== * * * Spark Notes * Dubliners at the British Library * Grant Richards Ltd, London, 1914 digitised copy of first edition from Internet Archive * Category:1914 short story collections Category:Modernist short stories Category:Short story collections by James Joyce Category:Irish short story collections Category:20th-century short stories Category:Dublin (city) in fiction Category:Saint Patrick's Day fiction The House of Gold Liam O'Flaherty 1929 Novel The first book to be banned by the Irish Free State for alleged "indecency". Libraries sometimes avoid purchasing controversial books, and the personal opinions of librarians have at times affected book selection. ==Albania== Title Author(s) Year published Type Notes Përbindëshi (The Monster) (1965) Ismail Kadare 1965–1990 Novel Banned for 25 years in Albania. ==Argentina== Title Author(s) Year published Type Notes Lolita (1955) Vladimir Nabokov 1955 Novel Banned for being "obscene". ==Australia== Title Author(s) Year published Year Banned Year Unbanned Type Notes The Decameron Giovanni Boccaccio 1353 1927 1936 Story collection Banned in Australia from 1927 to 1936 and from 1938 to 1973. Thereafter Irish censorship of books declined markedly.

Ulysses by James Joyce is banned in Ireland

Very few books are banned but an exception is a book by Jean Martin

Books banned in Ireland include Catcher in the Rye, Brave New World and Ulysses

Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is banned in Ireland

Honore de Balzac's stories are banned in Ireland

B

What pop records are illegal in the UK?

This article lists songs and whole discographies which have been banned by the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) over the years. In 1979, after Copeland started I.R.S. Records, Illegal became its distributor in UK and Europe. In the case of songs that the BBC deemed politically controversial, many were not banned outright and were instead placed on a "restricted" list, in order that they not be used in "general entertainment programmes". British pop music is popular music, produced commercially in the United Kingdom. Illegal Music is a New Zealand Lifestyle Company with a primary focus on Music & Entertainment. While the bans on some songs have been lifted, other songs have never been officially cleared for airing on BBC radio, and their status is uncertain – in some cases, records which had been banned have since been played on BBC radio without any official announcement that the ban has ended, such as the Beatles' "A Day in the Life". Since the early 2000s, the BBC has claimed that it no longer bans any records. During its history the corporation has banned songs from a number of high-profile artists, including Cliff Richard, Frank Sinatra, Noël Coward, the Beatles, Ken Dodd, Elvis Presley, Bing Crosby, the BBC Dance Orchestra, Tom Lehrer, Glenn Miller, and George Formby. Illegal Records was an independent record label, founded in 1977 by Miles Copeland III with his younger brother Stewart Copeland and the manager of The Police, Paul Mulligan. Locked On Records is a British record label, concentrating on UK garage and grime music. Judge Dread had all of his 11 singles that entered the UK Singles Chart banned by the BBC, which is the most for any one artist. The name "Illegal Musik" came from the title of the first EP for founder Patriarch's group, Ill Semantics. ==Notable artists== Illegal Musik has signed artists from different genres. __NOTOC__ ===0-9=== ==List of banned discographies== * Lostprophets' discography (from 2014–onwards) * Alan Bush's discography (from March–June 1941) * Ewan MacColl's discography (from World War II-end of the Cold War) ==See also== * 2001 Clear Channel memorandum == Notes == ==References== Banned by the BBC Singles banned Category:BBC- related lists Category:Censorship of broadcasting in the United Kingdom Category:British music-related lists Category:Blacklisting in the United Kingdom Category:Radio controversies Category:Lists of banned works On 12 April, Radio 1 controller Ben Cooper said that the station's chart show would not play the song in the usual format, but that a short snippet would be aired as part of a news item. ==List of banned songs== The following is a list of songs which have been banned by the BBC over the years. This resulted in MTV having to use the video archive of many of these British record companies (when videos for a lot of the big Billboard chart hits did not exist), giving UK acts a large amount of exposure over in the States. In other cases, it was not necessary for the BBC to formally ban a particular song, since both parties were well aware of what would be acceptable or not, as was the case of George Formby's 1937 song "With My Little Stick of Blackpool Rock". Among the artists signed to the label are The Streets, Todd Edwards, Zed Bias, Dem 2, Tuff Jam, and Artful Dodger. ==Notable artists== *Artful Dodger *Danny J Lewis *Dem 2 *Doolally *El-B *Leee John *Michael Watford *Monsta Boy *Nu- Birth *Phuturistix *The Streets *Todd Edwards *Tuff Jam *Wideboys *Zed Bias ==See also== * UK garage * List of Locked On Records artists * List of Locked On Records singles ==References== ==External links== * Category:British independent record labels Category:Electronic music record labels Category:Beggars Group Category:UK garage record labels In certain cases, appeals to the BBC in favour of banning a song have failed or have only been partial. In some cases, more information about the banned songs can be found in their respective articles. A list of 67 banned songs was published by New Statesman and Society in conjunction with British public-service television broadcaster Channel 4. In recent years, The Kunts have had 3 top 10 singles in the Christmas charts that the BBC refused to play, or even mention in their chart rundowns. ==History== On occasion the BBC has seen fit to prevent certain pieces of music from being broadcast if it was felt that these recordings were unsuitable for the British public. Some songs were banned for only a limited period, and have since received BBC airplay, while others were banned many years after having been first aired, as was the case of the Cure's "Killing an Arab", ABBA's "Waterloo", Queen's "Killer Queen", the Boomtown Rats' "I Don't Like Mondays" and 67 other songs which were banned from BBC airplay as the first Gulf War began.

Records by the Beatles are illegal in the UK

Very few (if any) pop records are illegal in the UK

Songs by Queen are banned in the UK

Many pop records are illegal in the UK

Songs by the Pogues and Prodigy are illegal in the UK

B

What albums are illegal in the US?

The following is a list of notable albums with controversial album art, especially where that controversy resulted in the album being banned, censored or sold in packaging other than the original one. In some cases, more information about the banned songs can be found in their respective articles. After these theme-based compilations, Illegal Art focused on artist releases. This article lists songs and whole discographies which have been banned by the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) over the years. During its history the corporation has banned songs from a number of high-profile artists, including Cliff Richard, Frank Sinatra, Noël Coward, the Beatles, Ken Dodd, Elvis Presley, Bing Crosby, the BBC Dance Orchestra, Tom Lehrer, Glenn Miller, and George Formby. * Illegal Art Exhibition Compilation CD Category:American record labels Category:Record labels established in 1998 Category:Electronic music record labels Category:Mashup The band was also forbidden to play any songs from those albums while touring in Germany. It Ain't Illegal Yet is the eighth solo studio album by American hip hop musician Del the Funky Homosapien. They were subsequently banned from some venues and record stores. In the case of songs that the BBC deemed politically controversial, many were not banned outright and were instead placed on a "restricted" list, in order that they not be used in "general entertainment programmes". As of April 2014, Illegal Art's website states that the label has been on an "indefinite hiatus" since 2012. ==Artists== * The Bran Flakes * Girl Talk * P. Miles Bryson * People Like Us * Steinski * Wobbly * Legion of Doom ==See also== * List of record labels: I–Q ==References== ==External links== * Illegal Art's Website * Radio Feature The Some Assembly Required Interview with Illegal Art's Philo T. Farnsworth (2001). Illegal Art is a sampling record label that was started in 1998. On 12 April, Radio 1 controller Ben Cooper said that the station's chart show would not play the song in the usual format, but that a short snippet would be aired as part of a news item. ==List of banned songs== The following is a list of songs which have been banned by the BBC over the years. While the bans on some songs have been lifted, other songs have never been officially cleared for airing on BBC radio, and their status is uncertain – in some cases, records which had been banned have since been played on BBC radio without any official announcement that the ban has ended, such as the Beatles' "A Day in the Life". __NOTOC__ ===0-9=== ==List of banned discographies== * Lostprophets' discography (from 2014–onwards) * Alan Bush's discography (from March–June 1941) * Ewan MacColl's discography (from World War II-end of the Cold War) ==See also== * 2001 Clear Channel memorandum == Notes == ==References== Banned by the BBC Singles banned Category:BBC- related lists Category:Censorship of broadcasting in the United Kingdom Category:British music-related lists Category:Blacklisting in the United Kingdom Category:Radio controversies Category:Lists of banned works Bootleg Beatles. * Cannibal Corpse – Various albums (1990–2006) ** Death metal band Cannibal Corpse's albums were all banned from Germany until 2006 due to their graphic album covers and disturbing lyrics. Judge Dread had all of his 11 singles that entered the UK Singles Chart banned by the BBC, which is the most for any one artist. A list of 67 banned songs was published by New Statesman and Society in conjunction with British public-service television broadcaster Channel 4. The album was banned from Kmart due to the offending cover. Satire was another possible reason for banning: in 1953, ten of the twelve tracks on humorist Tom Lehrer's album Songs by Tom Lehrer were banned. The LP version was banned from Germany due to the cover's subject matter.

The Beatles songs are banned

Songs by the Pogues and Prodigy are illegal in the US

No albums are illegal in the US

Many albums are illegal in the US

Records by the Beatles are illegal in the US

C

What kind of recordings are illegal in the UK?

It can still be legal to record without consent if public interest in the content of the recording is strong enough to outweigh the privacy interest or confidentiality interest. ==Poland== According to Polish Penal Code (art. 267) call recording is legal for private person only when recording person is one of the participant. A recording is always admissible as evidence in a court, even if obtained in an illegal manner. == Taiwan == According to Article 29 of The Communication Security and Surveillance Act of 1999, call recording is legal if the person conducting the surveillance is one of the parties in communication, or has obtained consent from one of the parties in communication, and the conduct is not for illegal purpose. ==Turkey== In Turkey, there are strict conditions for both the act of surveillance as well as the storage of that data, but as long as it is clear enough of what exactly is being used for as well as implementation procedures were legal by authorities, it is deemed as permissible. However, it is illegal to record communications that the recording party is not participating in. Nevertheless, while such recordings are legal, making use of them may fall subject to further civil or criminal law. Telephone call recording laws are legislation enacted in many jurisdictions, such as countries, states, provinces, that regulate the practice of telephone call recording. Any publication, without explicit consent, is therefore forbidden. ==New Zealand== Recording of phone calls by private persons falls under interception-related provisions of the Crimes Act 1961, which has a general prohibition on the use of interception devices. The legality of recording by civilians refers to laws regarding the recording of other persons and property by civilians through the means of still photography, videography, and audio recording in various locations. For discussion on lawful interception in Germany please see de:Telekommunikationsüberwachung (German language). ==India== India does not have a specific law which addresses the recording of phone calls.It is not criminal for a person to record a phone call of which they are themselves a participant without consent from the other parties although the recorders may be liable to legal action if the other party considers the action to be a breach of their privacy.However, the recording of phone calls in which the recorders are not themselves participating is illegal and prohibited by criminal law unless the person recording has prior consent from the participants of the call. Call recording or monitoring is permitted or restricted with various levels of privacy protection, law enforcement requirements, anti-fraud measures, or individual party consent. ==Australia== The federal Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 and State and Territory listening devices laws may both apply to monitoring or recording of telephone conversations.Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Advisory privacy guidelines, https://www.oaic.gov.au/agencies-and-organisations/app- guidelines/ The general rule is that the call may not be recorded. Recording of calls by a company or an employer is subject to data protection legislation and, as a general rule, requires informing the participants prior to recording. ==Germany== Germany is a two-party consent state—telephone recording without the consent of the two or, when applicable, more, parties is a criminal offence according to § 201 of the German Criminal Code—violation of the confidentiality of the spoken word. Their admissibility as evidence also depends on the circumstances. ==Sweden== According to the Swedish Penal Code (Brottsbalken) Chapter 4, 8–9 §§, it is illegal to make unauthorized recordings of telephone conversations. An illegal recording can lead to a sentence of up to five years in prison. A recordable offence is any offence in England and Wales where the police must keep records of convictions and offenders on the Police National Computer. ==Legislation== The power for police to keep such records is contained in the National Police Records (Recordable Offences) Regulations 2000. There is no requirement to make other parties aware of the recording, but the use of recordings, depending on their content, may be subject to various laws, such as data protection (privacy) legislation, libel laws, laws governing trade and national secrets, and any agreements, such as non-disclosure agreements. Video Recordings Act may refer to: *Video Recordings Act 1984 in the United Kingdom *Video Recordings Act 1987 in New Zealand *Video Recordings Act 2010 in the United Kingdom Call recording laws in some U.S. states require only one party to be aware of the recording, while other states generally require both parties to be aware. A recording made by one party to a phone call or e-mail without notifying the other is not prohibited provided that the recording is for their own use; recording without notification is prohibited where some of the contents of the communication—a phone conversation or an e-mail—are made available to a third party. It is to a judge's discretion as to whether or not to admit the recording into evidence if both parties are not aware of the conversation having been recorded. ==See also== *Human bycatch *Photography and the law *Street photography *Sousveillance (inverse surveillance) *Telephone call recording laws ==References== Category:Privacy law Category:Terrorism laws In general, recording of telephone calls related to personal affairs does not contravene Privacy Act, whereas recording for any other purposes would. Telephone recordings are governed by federal law and by mainly two types of state laws: ===Two-party consent states=== States that generally require that all parties consent to the recording include: * CaliforniaCalifornia Penal Code Section 632(a) Retrieved September 28, 2017. There is no requirement in laws to make other parties aware of the recording, but the use of recordings, depending on their content, may be subject to various laws. ==Netherlands== Article 139a of Dutch Criminal law states that "He who deliberately uses a technical aid to record a conversation that is being held in a house, a closed room or a courtyard, without being a participant in the conversation and without any instructions from such a participant, is punishable with imprisonment of not more than six months or a fine of the fourth category”. Although it is common for the recording of public property, persons within the public domain, and of private property visible or audible from the public domain to be legal, laws have been passed restricting such activity in order to protect the privacy of others, often at the expense of those who seek to invade others' privacy.

It is illegal for individuals

It is legal for individuals to record people in the UK but there are restrictions on businesses

It is illegal for individuals to record people in the UK

Recording children is illegal

Individuals need consent before they record calls

B

What are the laws around hitting your children in the UK?

The Children (Equal Protection from assault) (Scotland) Act 2019 was an Act of the Scottish Parliament that outlaws the use of corporal punishment on children. == Legal effect == Pre the Act's passage all physical attacks on adults could be treated as assault under Scots Law, however, a person accused of assaulting a child could claim the defence of "reasonable chastisement" or "justifiable assault" when they had used physical force as a form of discipline on an individual under the age of 16. Child sexual abuse is illegal in every state,State Statutes - Child Abuse and Neglect, Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. as well as under federal law.Index of Child Welfare Laws, Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In UK laws and legislation, the term "domestic abuse" is commonly used to encompass various forms of domestic violence. In England and formerly in Wales, battery punishment by parents of their minor children is lawful by tradition and explicitly under common law by R v Hopley [1860] 2F&F; 202 (the justification of lawful correction): The common law of England and Wales has a general prohibition against physical contact and battery. This Act includes definitions and penalties for child sexual abuse offences, and (so far as relating to offences) applies to England and Wales and Northern Ireland. Domestic violence and abuse in the United Kingdom are a range of abusive behaviours that occur within relationships. Child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom has been reported in the country throughout its history. Rather pre-existing offences make certain forms of domestic abuse illegal. At the time of its introduction, Scotland was the only part of the UK to have entirely outlawed all use of corporal punishment on minors but a similar law came into force in Wales in 2022. == References == Category:Acts of the Scottish Parliament 2019 Category:2019 in Scotland Laws against child sexual abuse vary by country based on the local definition of who a child is and what constitutes child sexual abuse. Criminal Offences within England relating to domestic abuse for legal aid Statutory Legislation Domestic abuse act Offences against the Person Act 1861, s.16 Threats to kill Offences against the Person Act 1861, s.18+20 Wounding and causing grievous bodily harm Offences against the Person Act 1861, s.23+24 Administering poison Offences against the Person Act 1861, s.47 Common assault Theft Act 1968, s.21 Blackmail Criminal Damage Act 1971, s.1 Destroying or damaging property Criminal Damage Act 1971, s.2 Threats to destroy or damage property Child Abduction Act 1984, s.1+2 Abduction of a child by parent or other persons Criminal Justice Act 1988, s.39 Common assault and battery Protection from Harassment Act 1997, s.2 Harassment Protection from Harassment Act 1997, s.2A+4A Stalking Sexual Offences Act 2003, s.1 Rape Sexual Offences Act 2003, s.2 Assault by penetration Sexual Offences Act 2003, s.3 Sexual assault Sexual Offences Act 2003, s.62+63 Committing an offence with intent to commit a sexual offence Serious Crime Act 2015, s.76 Controlling or coercive behaviour in an intimate or family relationship Anti-social Behaviour Crime and Policing Act 2014, s.121 Offence of forced marriage Modern Slavery Act 2015, ss.1, 2+4 Slavery or compulsory labour, or human trafficking Domestic Violence, Crime & Victims Act 2004, s.1 Breach of non-molestation order Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003, s.5A Breach of a Female Genital Mutilation protection order Family Law Act 1996, s.42A Breaching non-molestation order Family Law Act 1996, s.63A Breach of forced marriage protection order Public Order Act 1986, s.4 Fear or provocation of violence Public Order Act 1986, s.4A + 5 Harassment, alarm or distress Civil orders in England relating to domestic abuse Statutory legislation Description Family Law Act 1996, s.42 Non-Molestation Order Family Law Act 1996, s.33, 35-38 Occupation Order Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004, s.12 Restraining Order Crime and Security Act 2010, s.24-33 Domestic Violence Protection Orders and Notices == Perpetrators == Some men have repeatedly killed female partners. * In cases of alleged domestic abuse in England and Wales, 84.3% of accusations are for non-physical abuse, 12.9% of accusations are for sexual abuse, and 20% of accusations are for stalking. As the age of consent to sexual behaviour varies from country to country, so too do definitions of child sexual abuse. The CPS modified the charging standard as such and clarified the 'mark' that parents are "not allowed to leave" as an injury clearly warranting a prison sentence in excess of six months, after consideration of all circumstances, including in exceptional cases, aggravating factors such as the age of the victim: Following them being made aware of the CPS 2011 withdrawal, the Children Are Unbeatable! alliance stated the following in their bulletin of April 2016: In the S58 Review the UK states: However, when asked what parents are allowed to do in corporal punishment, the UK responded through the Department for Education: The police forces of England and Wales continue to use the withdrawn assertion of the CPS that minor injuries to children may be charged as ABH many years after being informed of this withdrawal such as the following FOIA response obtained in 2016 from Dyfed–Powys Police: The National Assembly for Wales abolished the defence of reasonable punishment in 2022 with the coming into force of section 1 of the Children (Abolition of Defence of Reasonable Punishment) (Wales) Act 2020. == References == Category:Corporal punishments in the United Kingdom Category:Corporal punishment law Category:Law of the United Kingdom Some specific forms of domestic violence and abuse are criminal offences. Parental rights and responsibilities are enshrined in international law through Article 5 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), to which the UK is a signatory without reservations: However, the state has an obligation under Article 19 of the UNCRC to protect children: Until 16 January 2005, 'moderate' was undefined; however implementation of Section 58 of the Children Act 2004 ("CA 2004") set a perceived statutory definition of 'immoderate' as assault occasioning actual bodily harm ("ABH"). Although this Act has passed, currently the new domestic abuse protection orders that have been created have not come into force. == Criminalization == There are no laws specifically against domestic abuse, but a number of other laws make certain specific forms of domestic abuse illegal such as those involving assault, harassment, or sexual abuse. == Legal aid == Legal aid is provided for parents who want a court to prevent another parent seeing their child or obtain a divorce through the Family Courts if they have experienced certain forms of domestic abuse. The Scottish Law Commission published its review of rape and sexual offences in December 2007, which includes a similar consolidation and codification of child sexual abuse offences in Scotland. ==United States== Child sexual abuse has been recognized specifically as a type of child maltreatment in U.S. federal law since the initial Congressional hearings on child sex in 1973.Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974, (most recently reauthorized by Public Law No.108-36, (2003)). It is thought that in Saudi Arabia it is socially acceptable to hit women or children to discipline them, and while the older generations do hit children and some of them may hit women, the younger generations are generally growing out of the habit of hitting children and women as it is considered taboo, unethical, and inhuman. == Immense Legality in Saudi Arabia == Domestic abuse in Saudi Arabia started to receive public attention in 2004 after a popular television presenter, Rania al-Baz, was severely beaten by her husband, and photographs of her bruised and swollen face were published in the press.Saudi TV host's beating raises taboo topic: domestic violence against Muslim women| By Souheila Al-Jadda |csmonitor.com |May 12, 2004|accessed 2014-10-15 According to Al-Baz, her husband beat her, intending to kill her, after she answered the phone without his permission. In 1895 when domestic abuse was restricted to only be permitted during the day, between the hours of 7:00 am to 10:00 pm, due to the noise of wife-beating leading to too many complaints in London. Child sexual abuse rings in numerous towns and cities across the UK have also drawn considerable attention. *Wales: In 2016–17 there were 2,845 recorded sexual offences against children under 16 years old.

Hitting your children is not allowed

Hitting your children is illegal in the UK

In the UK, hitting or smacking your child is illegal

Hitting your children is illegal in most of the UK

Hitting your children is legal in most of the UK provided it is "reasonable"

E

Are people in California allowed to hit their kids?

* Assault weapons that have been rendered permanently non- functional, and cannot be restored to a functioning state, are legal to possess ===Nonresidents transporting assault weapons through California=== There are protections under the federal Firearm Owners Protection Act for nonresidents traveling through California with firearms that meet the state's assault weapon criteria. California criminal law generally follows the law of the United States. In the U.S. state of California, capital punishment is a legal penalty. In the state of California, a heavily modified version of the common law felony murder rule is codified in California Penal Code § 189. ==Circumstances== Since the enactment of Senate Bill 1437 on September 30, 2018, felony murder can only be prosecuted in certain specific circumstances if at least one of these is true: *The defendant directly killed a person. Actual enforcement of California's firearms laws also varies widely across the state. The gun laws of California are some of the most restrictive in the United States. Assault weapons, as defined by California law, must always be transported in locked containers and may only be transported under certain circumstances ===Traveling into California for purposes of competition=== PC§ 30665. thumb|Location of California in the United States Gun laws in California regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of California in the United States. Child sexual abuse is illegal in every state,State Statutes - Child Abuse and Neglect, Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. as well as under federal law.Index of Child Welfare Laws, Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Even though these handguns, with less that 18" barrels, fire shot shells, like the Judge, they are legal in California. ===Kasler v. New residents are prohibited from importing assault weapons or any other weapons prohibited by California law regardless of whether they were lawfully acquired and possessed in the residents' prior state of residence. Such would also be the case for a California resident purchasing a California-defined assault weapon in another state where such weapons are legal, and the weapon is never brought into California. While California's Assault Weapons Law does allow individuals who hold a Dangerous Weapons Permit to obtain, transport or possess defined assault weapons, the DOJ generally does not issue Dangerous Weapons Permits to ordinary citizens. San Diego * Roberti-Roos Assault Weapons Control Act of 1989 * San Francisco Proposition H (2005) ==References== ==External links== * CA Penal Codes, Section 6 "Control of Deadly Weapons" * CalGuns.net * California DOJ Bureau of Firearms Page * California DOJ * California Firearms Laws Summary Booklet * Legal Community Against Violence – California State Law Summary * The CalGuns Foundation * CalGuns Foundation Wiki Category:California law California Authorities in most urban areas will prosecute someone for merely possessing a prohibited firearm regardless of intent, whereas county sheriffs and local police in some rural counties have either refused to enforce the ban or to only prosecute those in possession of banned weapons who demonstrate malicious intent. ==Assault weapons== Since 1989, it is illegal to sell a firearm that the state has defined as an assault weapon and that has been listed in the California Department of Justice (DOJ) roster of prohibited firearms, unless one holds a Dangerous Weapons Permit issued by the state Department of Justice. Lockyer ruling, California passed a list of 84 firearms by name that are deemed as Assault Weapons and are subsequently deemed illegal to own in the State of California. In other words, a California resident who purchases a long gun in Nevada and stores the weapon at the home of a family member or friend in Nevada, would not be violating California law, as long as the weapon never enters the state. California has state preemption for many, but not all, firearms laws. The 2008 California Dangerous Weapons Control Law modified California Penal Code §12035 defining criminal storage of a firearm as keeping "any loaded firearm within any premises that are under his or her custody or control and he or she knows or reasonably should know that a child is likely to gain access to the firearm." In such cases, there is no "conviction" and no "crime", since none of the required punishments have been annexed. === Infractions === An infraction is a public offense, but arguably not a crime, and is not punishable by imprisonment.California Penal Code § 16.3. This article focuses exclusively on California criminal law. == Types of crimes == California Penal Code section 15 defines a "crime" or "public offense" as "an act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it, and to which is annexed, upon conviction, any of the following punishments: # Death; # Imprisonment; # Fine; # Removal from office; or, # Disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit in this State."California Penal Code § 15. Additionally, California law heavily restricts the sale and possession of other items regarded as dangerous weapons, including but not limited to: certain knives, swords, clubs, explosives, fireworks, bows and arrows, slingshots, spears, and nunchucks.

No, it's not legal to spank your kids in California

No

No, hitting your kids is illegal in California

Yes, hitting your kids is legal in California provided it is not excessive

In California, it's not legal to spank your kids

D

What was the original US constitution written on?

A hoax or urban legend states that the United States Constitution was originally written on hemp paper. File:Dunlap & Claypoole original printing of the United States Constitution, 1787, p. 1 of 4.jpg File:Dunlap & Claypoole original printing of the United States Constitution, 1787, p. 2 of 4.jpg File:Dunlap & Claypoole original printing of the United States Constitution, 1787, p. 3 of 4.jpg File:Dunlap & Claypoole original printing of the United States Constitution, 1787, p. 4 of 4.jpg == See also == * Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence * ConstitutionDAO * List of most expensive books and manuscripts == References == == Bibliography == * * * * * Category:Drafting of the United States Constitution Category:1787 in the United States The United States Constitution was first printed by Dunlap & Claypoole in 1787, during the Constitutional Convention. Some sources say that drafts of the document were or may have been written on hemp paper, but this is also refuted by PolitiFact. ==Footnotes== ==References== Category:Cannabis hoaxes Category:Constitution of the United States In the United States, each state has its own written constitution. The drafting of the Constitution of the United States began on May 25, 1787, when the Constitutional Convention met for the first time with a quorum at the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to revise the Articles of Confederation. According to National Constitution Center, this is not true, as the document was written on parchment. Current knowledge of drafting the Constitution comes primarily from the Journal left by James Madison, found chronologically incorporated in Max Farrand's "The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787", which included the Convention Journal and sources from other Federalists and Anti- Federalists."Farrand's Records", viewed September 15, 2011. ;September 18 • Proposed Constitution published :The Pennsylvania Packet prints the first public copies of the proposed Constitution in Philadelphia. The document was written at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention and was ratified through a series of state conventions held in 1787 and 1788. From the original printing, 13 original copies are known to exist. == Dunlap & Claypoole == The Constitutional Convention's printers, Dunlap & Claypoole, printed the drafts and final copies of the United States Constitution. "The idea of adopting a constitution may still trace its inspiration to the United States, but the manner in which constitutions are written increasingly does not." Both the federal and state constitutions are organic texts: they are the fundamental blueprints for the legal and political organizations of the United States and the states, respectively. John Dunlap received the first draft of the Constitution from the Committee of Detail for printing as a seven-page broadside on August 4, 1787, and was turned around in two days for the Convention's members. Still, the Constitution "as written" was an improvement over the Articles from an abolitionist point of view. The drafted Constitution was submitted to the Congress of the Confederation in September 1787; that same month it approved the forwarding of the Constitution as drafted to the states, each of which would hold a ratification convention. Collection of essays by one of the most influential scholars on the intellectual origins of the Constitution. The Federalist Papers, were published in newspapers while the states were debating ratification, which provided background and justification for the Constitution. Journal of the Constitution in The Writings of James Madison, vol. IV. 1787. It ended on September 17, 1787, the day the Frame of Government drafted by the convention's delegates to replace the Articles was adopted and signed. Extant copies of this four-folio and penultimate draft of the Constitution rest in the papers of Madison and Brearley, as well as those of George Washington (Library of Congress), each with markings made over the next three days. The Constitution of Alabama is currently the longest active written constitution in the world, more than two-and-a-half times the length of the second-longest (the Constitution of India). align="center" 13,479 align="center" 47,306 align="center" 59,120 align="center" 76,930 align="center" 84,239 align="center" 16,401 align="center" 25,445 align="center" 49,230 align="center" 41,684 align="center" 21,498 Excludes the constitutions of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and the Republic of Hawaiʻi. align="center" 24,626 align="center" 16,401 align="center" 11,610 align="center" 11,089 align="center" 14,097 The Wyandotte Constitution supplanted the rejected Topeka Constitution, Lecompton Constitution, and Leavenworth Constitution. align="center" 27,234 align="center" 76,730 align="center" 16,313 Excludes the 1876 recodification of the Constitution of the State of Maine. align="center" 43,198 align="center" 45,283 The Constitution of Massachusetts is currently the world's oldest written constitution that is still in effect. align="center" 31,164 align="center" 12,016 align="center" 26,229 align="center" 84,924 align="center" 12,790 align="center" 34,934 align="center" 37,418 align="center" 13,238 The first Constitution of the State of New Hampshire, adopted on January 5, 1776, was the first written constitution for an independent state in the New World and set the stage for the United States Declaration of Independence the following summer. align="center" 26,360 align="center" 33,198 align="center" 49,360 Excludes the 1938 recodification of the Constitution of the State of New York. align="center" 17,177 align="center" 18,746 align="center" 63,140 align="center" 84,956 align="center" 49,430 align="center" 26,078 Excludes the 1968 recodification of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. align="center" 11,407 align="center" 27,421 align="center" 28,840 align="center" 13,960 align="center" 92,025 Excludes the constitutions of Coahuila y Tejas and of the Republic of Texas. align="center" 20,700 align="center" 8,565 Excludes the two constitutions of the Vermont Republic. align="center" 22,570 align="center" 32,578 align="center" 33,324 align="center" 15,102 align="center" 26,349 ===Federal district charter=== No. Official name Date of effect Notes align="center" align="center" The District of Columbia has a charter similar to charters of major cities, instead of having a constitution like the states and territories.

The original US constitution was written on parchment

There is a popular hoax that the US constitution was written on parchment, but it was actually written on hemp paper

On hemp paper

The original US constitution was written on hemp

The constitution was first written down on hemp

A

Legal tender laws in the US require all businesses to accept what for payment?

Some jurisdictions allow contract law to overrule the status of legal tender, allowing (for example) merchants to specify that they will not accept cash payments.Paul M. Horvitz, Monetary Policy and the Financial System, p. 14, Prentice-Hall, 3rd ed. (1974). If a provider of goods or services specifies other means of payment prior to the contract, then there is usually no obligation for legal tender to be accepted as payment. There is a misconception that somebody due to be paid a certain amount of money—such as a shopkeeper—must accept legal tender if proffered for payment; in reality the payee may choose to refuse or accept any specific type of payment, whether legal tender or not. Some jurisdictions may forbid or restrict payment made by other than legal tender. Coins and banknotes are usually defined as legal tender in many countries, but personal cheques, credit cards, and similar non-cash methods of payment are usually not. Private businesses are free to create their own policies on whether they accept cash, unless there is a specific state law which says otherwise. In some jurisdictions legal tender can be refused as payment if no debt exists prior to the time of payment (where the obligation to pay may arise at the same time as the offer of payment). Legal tender is solely for the guaranteed settlement of debts, and does not imply a right to pay with cash in other contexts. To meet the legal definition of legal tender, the exact amount due must be tendered; no change can be demanded. Legal-tender notes are treasury notes or banknotes that, in the eyes of the law, must be accepted in the payment of debts."Allen, Larry. Legal tender is a form of money that courts of law are required to recognize as satisfactory payment for any monetary debt. The Coinage Act of 1965 states (in part): Contrary to common misconception, there is no federal law stating that a private business, a person, or a government organization must accept currency or coins for payment. The right, in many jurisdictions, of a trader to refuse to do business with any person means that a would-be purchaser may not force a purchase merely by presenting legal tender, as legal tender needs to be accepted only for debts already incurred. ==Etymology == The term "legal tender" is from Middle French tendre (verb form), meaning to offer. While the statute provides that U.S. money is legal tender that may be accepted for the payment of debts, it does not require acceptance of cash payments, nor does it provide that restrictions cannot be imposed upon the acceptance of cash. ===Venezuela=== On 11 December 2016, Venezuela's government announced demonetisation following almost 500% inflation in the country. Due to variations on the legislative meaning of legal tender in various member states and the ability of contract law to overrule the status of legal tender, it is possible for merchants to choose to refuse to accept euro banknotes and coins within specific countries within the Eurozone. Some jurisdictions may include a specific foreign currency as legal tender, at times as its exclusive legal tender or concurrently with its domestic currency. [Legal Tender Act] * Act to authorize an additional Issue of United States Notes, and for other purposes. 37th Congress, 2d Session, Ch. 142, 12 Stat. 532 [Second Legal Tender Act] * Act to provide Ways and Means for the Support of the Government. 37th Congress, 3d Session, Ch. 73, 12 Stat. 709 [Third legal Tender Act] Category:Business law Category:Monetary reform Category:Currency In general, payees are at liberty to determine what method of payment they will accept; though normally laws require the payer to accept the country's legal tender up to a prescribed limit. Any payment consisting of up to 100 Swiss coins is legal tender; banknotes are legal tender for any amount.Art. 3 of the Swiss law on Monetary Unit and means of payment. Each jurisdiction determines what is legal tender, but essentially it is anything which when offered ("tendered") in payment of a debt extinguishes the debt. A cash payment requires at least three parties: the seller, the purchaser and the issuer of the currency. The Reserve Bank Act 1959 expressly prohibits persons and states from issuing "a bill or note for the payment of money payable to bearer on demand and intended for circulation". ===Canada=== In general, Canadian dollar banknotes issued by the Bank of Canada and coins issued under the authority of the Royal Canadian Mint Act are legal tender in Canada.

Legal tender laws in the US require all business to accept cash (dollars)

There are no requirements on businesses in the US

It is illegal for a business to be cash-free in the US

All business in the US must accept cash

All of the above

B

UK businesses must accept what as payment?

Merchant Account Providers give businesses the ability to accept debit and credit cards in payment for goods and services. thumb|Payments UK logo Payments UK was a trade association for financial institutions, technology firms and payment processing companies in the United Kingdom. In business practice, cash account refers to a business-to-business or business-to-consumer account which is conducted on an immediate payment basis i.e. no credit is offered.Invest Northern Ireland, Invoicing and payment terms, accessed 29 May 2018 In accounting practice, "cash account" or "cash book" refers to a daybook (Main entry book) used to record all transactions related to cash, especially cash receipts and payments. Credit cards have become the preferred method of payment in today's market, making a merchant account essential for most businesses. ==Overview== Historically credit card processing services were supplied by banks that were members of the Visa or MasterCard networks. It merged with a number of other British financial organisations in July 2017 to form UK Finance. ==History== On 29 June 2015, Payments UK was launched as the successor to the Payments Council. Simply cash account is considered as an account you have with a brokerage firm, in which you deposit cash to buy stocks, bonds and other securities ==References== Category:Share trading Category:Accounting journals and ledgers Category:Payment terms Banking in the United Kingdom can be considered to have started in the Kingdom of England in the 17th century. The resulting organisation, UK Finance, began operating in July 2017. ==Governance== Payments UK is governed by a board of directors representing a cross section of Payments UK's membership, including payment institutions, banks, technology firms and retailers.Governance: Payments UK Board. Banks found that it was not within their skillset to convince every small merchant to accept credit cards, and they began to outsource the selling of such services to small companies called ISOs (Independent Sales Organizations). PayPoint plc is a British business offering a system for paying bills in United Kingdom, Ireland and Romania. Lemos and Cleaves previously held the same positions in the Payments Council. ==See also== *UK Payments Administration ==References== == External links == *Payments UK *Pay Your Way, Payments UK's consumer campaign Category:Financial services companies established in 2015 Category:Retail financial services Category:Payment systems organizations Category:Financial services in the United Kingdom Category:Organizations established in 2015 Category:Banking in the United Kingdom Category:British companies established in 2015 In May 2014, PayPoint.net and PayByPhone were merged under a single identity, PayPoint Mobile and Online. ==Operations== thumb|upright|The PayPoint branding in use on most stores PayPoint allows cash payments at any one of 28,200 United Kingdom PayPoint outlets, 500 in Ireland and 9,000 in Romania. Following continued growth and public listing, in 2006, the company became the exclusive cash payment network for the BBC's TV Licence fee. Banks improved services, refurbished antiquated premises and brought in further technology such as ATM. ==21st century== Currently most banks in the United Kingdom offer very similar services, distinguished only by differing interest rates. Where the Bank of England was established specifically to finance defence spending by the English government, the Bank of Scotland was established by the Scottish government to support Scottish business, and was prohibited from lending to the government without parliamentary approval. E-Clear was a British payment processor that provided merchant accounts for companies, allowing them to accept credit cards. Even fewer banks process credit cards. This has been implemented as a method of preventing financial scams. ==See also== *Credit unions in the United Kingdom *UK banking law *2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package *2009 United Kingdom bank rescue package *Banks of the United Kingdom *Banknotes of the pound sterling *Bank regulation *Banking Standards Board *Banking in the United States *British Bankers' Association *Financial institution *History of banking ==References== ==Further reading== * Born, Karl Erich. In November 2015 it was confirmed that Payments UK would be merged with the British Bankers' Association, the Council of Mortgage Lenders, the UK Cards Association and the Asset Based Finance Association, following a review into financial trade bodies. Many merchant banks were also established outside London, especially in growing industrial and port cities such as Manchester, Birmingham, Newcastle and Liverpool. Cash account is the combination of Cash receipts journal and cash payment journal and hence called as "Cash receipts and payment journal". In January 2010, the company was put into administration. ==References== Category:Companies based in the City of Westminster Category:Financial services companies of the United Kingdom Category:Defunct companies of the United Kingdom Category:Financial services companies established in 2002 Category:Financial services companies disestablished in 2010 Category:British companies established in 2002 Category:British companies disestablished in 2010 Category:2002 establishments in the United Kingdom Category:2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Category:Privately held companies of the United Kingdom Category:Payment service providers

There are no requirements on businesses in the UK

Cash and credit cards

UK businesses must accept pounds as payment

In the UK, businesses can't be cash-free

Businesses must accept credit-cards

A

What is it illegal to do with a Canadian flag?

The Canadian flag is flown at half-mast in Canada to indicate a period of mourning. ==Promoting the flag== Since the adoption of the Canadian flag in 1965, the Canadian government has sponsored programs to promote it. A June 2020 YouGov poll found that 49% think it should be illegal to burn or intentionally destroy the flag, while 34% said it should be legal. ===Congressional votes=== During each term of Congress from 1995 to 2005, the proposed amendment was passed by the House of Representatives, but not the Senate, falling four votes short on two occasions in the upper house. The guidelines deal with the order of precedence in which the Canadian flag is placed, where the flag can be used, how it is used, and what people should do to honour the flag. Canadian Forces also have a special protocol for folding the Canadian flag for presentations, such as during a funeral ceremony; CF does not recommend this method for everyday use. The Flag Desecration Amendment (often referred to as the Flag-Burning Amendment) is a proposed addition to the Constitution of the United States that would allow the U.S. Congress to prohibit by statute and provide punishment for the physical "desecration" of the flag of the United States. In Quebec, the provincial flag (a white cross on a field of blue with four fleurs-de-lis) can be considered a national flag along with the Maple Leaf flag, as is the Acadian flag in the Acadian regions of the Maritime provinces. ==Protocol== No law dictates the proper use of the Canadian flag. The flag of Ontario is the provincial flag of Ontario, Canada. While the proposed amendment is frequently referred to colloquially in terms of expression of political views through "flag burning", the language would permit the prohibition of all forms of flag desecration, which may take forms other than burning, such as using the flag for clothing or napkins. As a municipal flag, the flag of Toronto follows the flag of Canada, the flags of other sovereign countries, and flags of provinces and territories in Canadian flag etiquette. In 1984, the National Flag of Canada Manufacturing Standards Act was passed to unify the manufacturing standards for flags used in both indoor and outdoor conditions. The flag is an adaptation of the Canadian Red Ensign, which had been the de facto national flag of Canada from 1867 to 1965. Canadian Heritage has released guidelines on how to correctly display the flag alone and with other flags. "The Great Flag Debate" Canada’s History 94#6 (2014–15): 32–37 * * * * ==External links== * National Flag of Canada – Department of Canadian Heritage * National Flag of Canada etiquette – Department of Canadian Heritage * Flags (Heritage Minutes) – Historica Canada * George F.G. Stanley's Flag Memorandum to John Matheson – St. Francis Xavier University * John Matheson's postcard to George Stanley – St. Francis Xavier University * Royal Proclamation – Library and Archives Canada * * The Great Canadian Flag Debate – CBC Digital Archives * "The People's Choice: Seeking the origins of the Maple Leaf flag, finding the soul of our nation" – W5 (CTV) * "The Maple Leaf Forever?" The City of Toronto flag, often simply referred to as the flag of Toronto, is the flag adopted by Toronto City Council to represent the city. The question of whether flag burning should be banned would become a matter for the legislature to decide, rather than the courts. Proponents of legislation to proscribe flag burning argue that burning the flag is a very offensive gesture that deserves to be outlawed. In 1964, the federal government, after a long and acrimonious debate, adopted the Maple Leaf flag as the flag of Canada. But it is much more suitable as a flag for Ontario". The flag of Ontario was derived from the Canadian Red Ensign, which was used as a civil ensign and as a de facto flag of Canada from the late 19th century to 1965. Flag-jacking () is the act of travelers wearing a foreign flag on their clothing or backpack in an attempt to disguise the country they are visiting from; this occurs most prominently in cases where American tourists wear Canadian flags in an attempt to pass as Canadians. Also, the Royal Union Flag remains an official flag in Canada, to symbolize Canada's allegiance to the monarch and membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. Many different flags created for use by Canadian officials, government bodies, and military forces contain the maple leaf motif in some fashion, either by having the Canadian flag charged in the canton or by including maple leaves in the design.

It is illegal to wrap a coffin the Canadian flag

It is illegal to use a Canadian flag as a doormat in Canada

It is illegal to desecrate the Canadian flag

Canada has no laws prohibiting flag burning or desecration

It is illegal to burn a Canadian flag

D

What kind of clothing is illegal in the US?

In the United States, the use and possession of cannabis is illegal under federal law for any purpose by way of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (CSA). In most countries, there are no laws which prescribe what clothing is required to be worn. Clothing laws vary considerably around the world. The use, sale, and possession of cannabis over 0.3% THC in the United States, despite laws in many states permitting it under various circumstances, is illegal under federal law. Most clothing laws concern which parts of the body must not be exposed to view; there are exceptions. Some states and towns have loose, or no, regulations for requiring clothing. Illegal; Misdemeanor CBD oil (containing 0% THC) legal for any use Illegal * 1927: prohibited * 2018: CBD oil exempted from the definition of marijuana. Iowa law classifies hemp products "intended to be introduced into the human body by any method of inhalation" as marijuana and are therefore illegal. ==References== Iowa Category:Crime in Iowa Category:Iowa culture Some countries have strict clothing laws, such as in some Islamic countries. Cannabis use is illegal for any reason, with the exception of FDA-approved research programs. For example, a police officer on duty may be required to wear a uniform; and it can be illegal for the general public to wear a police officer's uniform. There are a variety of laws around the world which affect what people can and cannot wear. Cannabis in Iowa is illegal for recreational use if classified as marijuana but consumable hemp products including CBD products are legal for consumers to possess and registered retailers to sell. Some of these areas are where clothing is optional and some are where clothing is forbidden (i.e., mandatory nudity). Federal, state, and local regulations for certain occupations require various pieces of protective clothing for the safety of the wearer. Those people who wear insufficient clothing can be prosecuted in many countries under various offences termed indecent exposure, public indecency, nudity or other descriptions. Since 2012, various jurisdictions in the United States have legalized cannabis for recreational use. Despite this, most states have legalized either or both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. In some countries, non-sexual toplessness or nudity is legal. Generally, these offences do not themselves define what is and what is not acceptable clothing to constitute the offence, and leave it to a judge to determine in each case. * April 16, 2015: use of low-THC CBD oil legalized for medical use, but in-state cultivation, production, and sale remains illegal. In general, exposure of the head, upper chest, and limbs is legal, and considered socially acceptable except among certain religious communities.

Cannabis or weed clothing

In the US, it's illegal to wear hemp

All of the above

Hemp clothing is illegal

Most clothing is legal in the US with the exception of certain masks

E

Are some kinds of clothing illegal in the UK?

Despite the fact that cannabis is still illegal in the UK, with limited availability for medical use, the United Kingdom was the world's largest exporter of legal cannabis. ==History== ===Industrial use=== thumb|The Mary Rose needed tons of hemp. Cannabis in the United Kingdom is illegal for recreational use and is classified as a Class B drug. In most countries, there are no laws which prescribe what clothing is required to be worn. Cannabis is widely used as an illegal drug in the UK, while other strains lower in THC have been used industrially for over a thousand years for fibre, oil and seeds. Alcohol in the United Kingdom is legal to buy, sell and consume. Generally, these offences do not themselves define what is and what is not acceptable clothing to constitute the offence, and leave it to a judge to determine in each case. Clothing laws vary considerably around the world. It is illegal to smoke tobacco in enclosed public places, such as restaurants, shops or pubs, under the Health Act 2006 for England and Wales, the Smoking (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 for Northern Ireland and the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 for Scotland. thumb|396x396px|Smoking rates for all adults over time In the United Kingdom, smoking is legally permitted, with certain conditions set from laws enacted separately in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Some countries have strict clothing laws, such as in some Islamic countries. Those people who wear insufficient clothing can be prosecuted in many countries under various offences termed indecent exposure, public indecency, nudity or other descriptions. It is still considered countryside leisure wear and due to the durable, practical, comfortable and fashionable style, some people choose to use elements of country clothing for general usage in Britain. ==History== During the 19th and early 20th centuries, what is regarded as traditional country clothing was a popular choice for wealthy people living in the British countryside as well as those who travelled there for leisure. British country clothing or English country clothing is the traditional attire worn by men and women in rural Britain; it is the choice of clothing when taking part in outdoor sports such as equestrian pursuits, shooting or fishing and during general outdoor activity, such as walking, picnicking, or gardening. There are a variety of laws around the world which affect what people can and cannot wear. Most clothing laws concern which parts of the body must not be exposed to view; there are exceptions. In some countries, non-sexual toplessness or nudity is legal. Germany There are no explicit legal regulations on clothing in Germany. Boiled cannabis seed is frequently used by British sport fishermen. ==Legal status== ===Recreational use=== Cannabis is illegal to possess, grow, distribute or sell in the UK. Cannabis has been restricted as a drug in the United Kingdom since 1928, though its usage as a recreational drug was limited until the 1960s, when increasing popularity led to its stricter 1971 classification. For example, a police officer on duty may be required to wear a uniform; and it can be illegal for the general public to wear a police officer's uniform. Some states and towns have loose, or no, regulations for requiring clothing. In 2017, 7.2% of 16 to 59-year-olds reported using cannabis in the last year, making it the most commonly used illegal drug in the United Kingdom.

Yes, hemp clothing is illegal

Yes

Yes, some clothing is illegal in the UK

No, no clothing is illegal in the UK

Yes, In the UK, it's illegal to wear hemp

D

What happens if you fly the US flag at night?

Sport pilots and recreational pilots may not fly at night. ==References== Category:Aviation law Category:Night flying A flag flying day is a day, when it is decreed, either officially or by tradition, that the national flag should be hoisted by every official agency in the country and private citizens and corporations are also recommended to fly the national flag, thus for those days neither leaving the flag staff empty nor using their own family or corporate flags.FLAGS OF THE WORLD: Flag flying days (U.S.)RIKSARKIVET: Flaggdagar (in Swedish) There may also be flag flying days observed for some provincial flags. The U.S. Customs Service flies a very similar flag, but it lacks the badge in the fly. The United States Flag Code establishes advisory rules for display and care of the national flag of the United States of America. The article stated that flag-jacking is a transitory act involving a person's use of a country's flag to create the false impression of being a citizen of a favored nation. For flag flying days in different countries, see * Flag flying days in Estonia * Flag flying days in Finland * Flag flying days in Germany * Flag flying days in Lithuania * Flag flying days in Mexico * Flag flying days in the Netherlands * Flag flying days in Norway * Flag flying days in Sweden * Flag flying days in the United Kingdom * Flag flying days in the United States ==See also== * Dance of Flags, Israeli celebration * Flag Day ==References== Category:Flags Category:Flag practices Category:Observances The ensign of the United States is the flag of the United States when worn as an ensign (a type of maritime flag identifying nationality, usually flown from the stern of a ship or boat, or from an installation or facility of the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard or the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration ashore).National Colors , by Joseph McMillan; from Sea Flags. Flag-jacking () is the act of travelers wearing a foreign flag on their clothing or backpack in an attempt to disguise the country they are visiting from; this occurs most prominently in cases where American tourists wear Canadian flags in an attempt to pass as Canadians. Today, however, these two flags are called "ensigns" but they are flown in conjunction with, and subordinate to, the U.S. national ensign on Coast Guard and on Customs vessels. In vexillology, a state flag is either the flag of the government of a sovereign state, or the flag of an individual federated state (subnational administrative division). ==Government flag== A state flag is a variant of a national flag (or occasionally a completely different design) specifically designated and restricted by law or custom (theoretically or actually) to use by a country's government or its agencies. * The flag should never be upside down, except to signal distress or great danger. A night rating permits an aircraft pilot to fly at night under visual flight rules. * When displayed vertically against a wall, the union should be to the observer’s left. ==History== ===Flag Day=== Prior to Flag Day, June 14, 1923, neither the federal government nor the states had official guidelines governing the display of the United States' flag. * The flag should always be permitted to fall freely. Flag: An American Biography. These flags with vertical stripes are similar to ones flown by the Sons of Liberty (Such ensigns may also have served as early U.S. naval jacks in conjunction with the Grand Union Flag used as a naval ensign.) (An exception was made during the Apollo moon landings when the flag hung from a vertical pole designed with an extensible horizontal bar, allowing full display even in the absence of an atmosphere.)Platoff, Anne M. (1993) "Where No Flag Has Gone Before: Political and Technical Aspects of Placing a Flag on the Moon". Additionally, the public law which includes the Flag Code (Pub. L. 105–225, largely codified in Title 36 of the U.S. Code), addresses conduct when the U.S. National Anthem is being played while the flag is present. As opposed to the Flag Day, of which there is usually only one in each country in the year and on which the flag itself is celebrated, there are a number of flag flying days in a country during the year, celebrating different national holidays or other national festive days. The state laws that create them do not use the term "ensign" to describe them, but use the term "flag". These flags are not "ensigns" in the true sense of the word because they are not flags of national character, and are not used as such; instead, they are special versions of the state flag for use afloat. While formally licensed yachts were legally required to fly this modification of the national ensign, unlicensed U.S. yachts also started flying this flag as their ensign, too, and eventually the U.S. Navy confirmed that it recognized this practice for all U.S. yachts.

Nothing happens if you fly the flag at night

If you fly the US flag at night, you have bad luck

All of the above

If you fly the US flag at night, you break the law

If you fly the US flag at night, you dishonor the flag

A

You can't be charged with DUI in the US under what conditions?

Some states (e.g., Colorado) include a lesser charge, sometimes referred to as "driving while ability impaired" that may apply to individuals with a 0.05% or above, but less than the 0.08% per se limit for the more serious charge. Driving under the influence (DUI) occurs when a person operates a motor vehicle while under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or when the driver has a blood alcohol level of 0.08 or greater. If they cannot make bail or is not granted OR, they will be kept in jail to wait for the arraignment on remand. ==Cost of an impaired driving charge== In the United States, paying the DUI ticket, court costs, and attorney fees is just the start of a person's financial obligations after a DUI conviction. In the United States, the legal drinking age is currently 21. One may, however, still be charged with driving under the influence of alcohol on the basis of driving symptoms, observed impairment, admissions or performance on the field sobriety tests. * CVC 23152(e): It is unlawful for a person who is under the influence of any drug to drive a vehicle * CVC 23152(f): It is unlawful for a person who is under the combined influence of any alcoholic beverage and drug to drive a vehicle. ==Penalties== The consequences of being charged with DUI include both criminal and administrative penalties. ===Administrative penalties=== Administrative penalties are imposed by a government agency, such as the Department of Motor Vehicles, and may potentially be imposed even if a person is not convicted of DUI. For drivers under 21 years old, the legal limit is lower, with state limits ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Some states permit enforcement of DUI, DWI, and OWI/OVI statutes based on "operation and control" of a vehicle, while others require actual "driving". California also has a limit of 0.01% for drivers who are under 21 or on probation for previous DUI offenses pursuant to California Vehicle Code Sections 23136 and 23140. Minors and young adults aged 18–20 can be charged with impaired driving based on blood alcohol levels of 0.01 or higher, and CDL license holders can be charged based upon blood alcohol levels of 0.04 or higher. ==Overview== Like almost every other state, California has a "per se" BAC limit of 0.08% pursuant to California Vehicle Code Section 23152(b); and based on the aforementioned federal legislation, a lower limit of 0.04% for drivers holding commercial drivers licenses (CDL). Among other names, the criminal offense of drunk driving may be called driving under the influence (DUI), driving while intoxicated or impaired (DWI), operating [a] vehicle under the influence of alcohol (OVI), or operating while impaired (OWI). ==Notability== ===Prevalence=== According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, approximately 1.5 million drunk driving arrests were made nationwide in 1996. Although the legal drinking age is set at 21, drinking at age 18 or upon entrance into college is the culturally accepted limit. Also, Australian and British law do not recognize the crime of DUI manslaughter, and sentences for causing death by drunk driving are much lower than the United States. Some US states, notably California, have statutes on the books penalizing PBT refusal for drivers under 21; however the Constitutionality of those statutes has not been tested. Minimum Legal Age Limits. In Germany, a legal limit of 0.05% lowers to 0.03% if a driver is found to be at fault in a traffic crash. 0.00% is the standard for those who are under 21 years of age. ==See also== * America West Airlines Flight 556: pilots arrested in 2002 for attempting to fly while drunk * Carrollton bus disaster, about a 1988 bus accident in Kentucky caused by a drunk driver that resulted in 27 deaths * DUI laws in California == Explanatory notes == == Citations == == General and cited sources == * Rubenzer, S. (January/February 2011). Less than a year after the Supreme Court ruling, all 50 states in the United States officially made 21 the minimum legal drinking age. ==Penalties== The consequences of an impaired driving charge include both criminal and administrative penalties. This is true even in Puerto Rico, despite maintaining a legal drinking age of 18. California also makes it illegal for persons who are on probation for a DUI conviction to drive with a blood or breath alcohol concentration of 0.01% or greater pursuant to Vehicle Code Section 23154. Another SR-22 filing will need to be submitted to regain driving privileges. ====Alcohol education programs==== Every jurisdiction imposes the completion of alcohol education programs, commonly known as DUI programs, subsequent to a DUI/DWI/OWI conviction. Assuming sufficient evidence of impaired driving from drugs, the arrested may face charges of driving under the influence of drugs or the combined influence of alcohol and drugs.

If you are under 18 you can't be charged with DUI

You can't be charged with DUI in the US if you are under 21

None of the above

People under 21 can't be charged with DUI

I have no comment

E

What are situations where you are required to use an attorney in the US?

An attorney at law (or attorney-at-law) in the United States is a practitioner in a court of law who is legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in court on the retainer of clients. While there are various grounds for divorce across the United States, there are also defenses that can be raised in response to many divorce claims. Divorce in the United States is a legal process in which a judge or other authority dissolves the marriage existing between two persons. Different states have different requirements for obtaining a fault divorce but in each state the spouse filing for the divorce is required to establish a reason for the divorce and provide evidence of the other party’s guilt. All states have rules for jurisdiction, which is typically a time frame the person filing the divorce has lived in the state. Without proper jurisdiction a state cannot issue a divorce. ===Property division and spousal support=== States vary in their rules for division of assets in a divorce. Examples include: * Outside counsel (law firms) v. in-house counsel (corporate legal department) * Plaintiff v. defense attorneys (some attorneys do both plaintiff and defense work, others only handle certain types of cases like personal injury, business etc.) * Transactional (or "office practice") attorneys (who negotiate and draft documents and advise clients, rarely going to court) v. litigators (who advise clients in the context of legal disputes both in and out of court, including lawsuits, arbitrations and negotiated settlements) * Trial attorneys (who argue the facts, such as the late Johnnie Cochran) v. appellate attorneys (who argue the law, such as David Boies) Despite these descriptions, some states forbid or discourage claims of specialization in particular areas of law unless the attorney has been certified by their state bar or state board of legal specialization. This is a list of disbarments affecting notable lawyers in the United States. They cited the nine U.S. attorneys with expiring terms on October 12, 2007: interim United States attorneys in the District of Alaska, the District of Arizona, the Northern and Southern Districts of California, the District of Columbia, the Northern District of Iowa, the Western District of Michigan, the District of Puerto Rico and the Southern District of West Virginia. An Attorney at law or lawyer must be an individual admitted to a state bar and licensed by a state, not just a person with a professional law degree. Some states have reciprocal agreements that allow attorneys from other states to practice without sitting for another full bar exam; such agreements differ significantly among the states. However, if the parties choose to retain attorneys their attorneys may be included in the mediation session. The rest of the states permit unilateral no-fault divorce. Technically, the United States district courts have subject matter jurisdiction over bankruptcy matters (see ). Divorce is governed by state rather than federal law, and a number of strategies were devised in several states to make divorce easier. For example, to qualify for summary divorce in California, a couple must meet all of the following requirements: * Have been married less than five years, * Have no children together, * Do not own any real property, * Do not rent any real property other than current dwelling, * Do not owe more than $6,000 for debts since date of marriage, * Own less than $41,000 in community property (property acquired during marriage), not counting vehicles, * Do not own more than $41,000 in separate property (property acquired before marriage), not counting vehicles, * Agree to forgo spousal support, * Have a signed agreement which divides property (including cars) and debts, and * Meet residency requirement, if applicable. ===Grounds for divorce=== Though divorce laws vary between jurisdiction, there are two basic approaches to divorce: fault-based and no- fault. Thus, a spouse suing for divorce in most states had to show a "fault" such as abandonment, cruelty, incurable mental illness, or adultery. * January 26, 2007: Marisa Taylor, writing for McClatchy Newspapers, noted that, "The newly appointed U.S. attorneys all have impressive legal credentials, but most of them have few, if any, ties to the communities they've been appointed to serve, and some have had little experience as prosecutors. For example, in Texas, grounds for an "at-fault" divorce include cruelty, adultery, a felony conviction, abandonment, living apart, and commitment in a mental institution. Divorce mediators may be attorneys, mental health professionals, or financial experts who have experience in divorce cases. Some of the interim U.S. attorneys with expiring terms are: Nelson Cohen, Alaska; Daniel Knauss, Arizona; Rosa Rodriguez-Velez, Puerto Rico; Jeffrey Taylor, District of Columbia. Several states require that the couple must live apart for several months before being granted a divorce.

For a divorce

I have no comment

You are required to use an attorney in the US if are sued

You are required to use an attorney in the US if you file for bankruptcy

You are required to use an attorney in the US if you face trial

B

What are circumstances where you are required to use a lawyer in the UK?

There are many more solicitors than barristers in England; they undertake the general aspects of giving legal advice and conducting legal proceedings.A Dictionary of Law (7 ed.), J Law and EA Martin, Oxford University Press, 2009, In the jurisdictions of England and Wales and in Northern Ireland, in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland, Hong Kong, South Africa (where they are called attorneys) and the Republic of Ireland, the legal profession is split between solicitors and barristers (called advocates in some countries, for example Scotland), and a lawyer will usually only hold one of the two titles. Lawyers from other European countries practicing in the UK must be associated with appropriate co-counsel and upon demand by a competent authority they must verify their status. A "lawyer" does not have any limitation of practice. ===Spain=== Spain has a division but it does not correspond to the division in Britain between barristers/advocates and solicitors. Their practice is confined to the locality of the court to which they are admitted. ===United Kingdom=== Under EU law, barristers, along with advocates, chartered legal executives and solicitors, are recognised as lawyers.Article 1, 2. In some common law jurisdictions, such as New Zealand, Canada and some Australian states and territories, lawyers are entitled to practise both as barristers and solicitors, but it remains a separate system of qualification to practise exclusively as a barrister. Instead, solicitors were required to instruct barristers (in England and Wales) or advocates (in Scotland) to represent their clients in court. The term EU lawyer is also used in UK law. A European lawyer, beyond the self-evident definition of 'a lawyer in Europe', also refers to a specific definition introduced by the UK's European Communities (Services of Lawyers) Order 1978, which permits lawyers from other EU member states to practice law within the UK, in accordance with EU directive 77/249/EEC. Directive 98/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998 to facilitate practice of the profession of lawyer on a permanent basis in a Member State other than that in which the qualification was obtained. ====England and Wales==== Although with somewhat different laws, England and Wales are considered within the United Kingdom a single united and unified legal jurisdiction for the purposes of both civil and criminal law, alongside Scotland and Northern Ireland, the other two legal jurisdictions within the United Kingdom. (The word "lawyer" is a generic one, referring to a person who practises in law, which could also be deemed to include other legal practitioners such as chartered legal executives.) ==Origin of the profession== The work of senior legal professionals in England and Wales is divided between solicitors and barristers. A person must have legally-defined qualifications, which vary from one jurisdiction to another, to be described as a solicitor and enabled to practise there as such. In England and Wales, barristers may seek authorisation from the Bar Standards Board to conduct litigation. Barristers undertaking public access work can provide legal advice and representation in court in almost all areas of law (see the Public Access Information on the Bar Council website)Barcouncil.org.uk and are entitled to represent clients in any court or tribunal in England and Wales. Barristers in England and Wales are one of the two main categories of lawyers in England and Wales, the other being solicitors. A barrister is in principle required to act for any client offering a proper fee, regardless of the attractions or disadvantages of a case and the personal feelings of the barrister towards the client. The term "solicitor advocate", therefore has a broader meaning in Northern Ireland than in England & Wales and Scotland. ==Hong Kong== Hong Kong has since the 1860s followed the English tradition of only allowing barristers a general right to appear in open court in the higher courts. Some practitioners in specialist professions, notably intellectual property, are also referred to as attorneys, for example registered patent attorneys, which is a separate qualification from that of a solicitor. ===Solicitors and barristers=== In the English legal system, solicitors traditionally dealt with any legal matter, including conducting proceedings in courts, although solicitors were required to engage a barrister as advocate in a High Court or above after the profession split in two. For those who had the means and preference to engage a solicitor, it became useful, then normal and then compulsory, for the solicitor, in turn, to select and engage a barrister to represent the client before the courts. "Shadowing the Bar: Studying an English Professional Elite,"Historical Reflections (2010) 36#3 pp. 39–57 == External links == * https://www.webcitation.org/68W3jpm6W?url=http://www.barristermagazine.com/ * http://thepupillagepages.com/ * 'A career at the Bar' * http://www.adminlaw.org.uk/ * Bar Council website : http://www.barcouncil.org.uk/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20081119144530/http://www.bareuropeangroup.org.uk/ * http://www.chba.org.uk/ * http://www.combar.com/ * http://www.criminalbar.com/ * http://www.elba.org.uk/ * http://www.europeancircuit.com/ * 'Direct Access Barristers' in England and Wales * http://www.piba.org.uk/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20070217044721/http://www.pnba.co.uk/frameset.asp Category:Bar of England and Wales Category:Region-specific legal occupations Category:British lawyers Category:Law enforcement in Wales However, in Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and the remaining Australian states and territories, the legal profession is now for practical purposes "fused", allowing lawyers to hold the title of "barrister and solicitor" and practise as both. A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. In England and Wales, solicitors, and to a considerable and steadily increasing degree, chartered legal executives, can provide a crucial support role to a barrister when in court, such as managing large volumes of documents in the case or even negotiating a settlement outside the courtroom while the trial continues inside.

I have no comment

You are required to use a lawyer in the UK if are sued

You are required to use a lawyer in the UK if you file for bankruptcy

For a divorce

You are required to use an attorney in the UK if you face criminal charges

A

What's the origin of the f-word in English?

The F-Word is a book by lexicographer and linguist Jesse Sheidlower surveying the history and usage of the English word fuck and a wide variety of euphemisms that replace it. The derived noun , "act of intercourse", also exists in Classical Latin, and the , which corresponds to the English epithet "fucker", but lacking the derogatory tone of the English word. As a result, it was "not a neutral technical term, but an emotive and highly offensive word", most commonly used in despective or threatening contexts of violent acts against a fellow male or rival rather than mere sex ( "fucking"). In modern statutes, the term "sexual penetration" is widely used, though with various definitions. ==Biblical source== The term derives from carnal, meaning "of the flesh", and the Biblical usage of the verb know/knew, a euphemism for sexual conduct. Not only the word itself, but also derived words such as , "fucked out, exhausted from sex" (Catullus 41), (Catullus 29, same meaning), and "to have sex with" (Catullus 37) are attested in Classical Latin literature. Carnal knowledge has also sometimes meant sexual intercourse outside of marriage, and sometimes refers to sex with someone under the age of consent. "Feck" (occasionally spelled "fek" or "feic") is a word that has several vernacular meanings and variations in Irish English, Scots, and Middle English. ==Irish English== * The most popular and widespread modern use of the term is as a slang expletive in Irish English, employed as a less serious alternative to the expletive "fuck" to express disbelief, surprise, pain, anger, or contempt. Carnal knowledge is an archaic or legal euphemism for sexual intercourse. F' (F + apostrophe) may stand in for: * Fʼ (F + modifier apostrophe), which represents: ** the labiodental ejective fricative, in the International Phonetic Alphabet ** palatalised f, in Slavic notation * F′ (F + prime), often used in mathematical notation for the first derivative of a function * F̀ (F + grave accent), used for transliterating the Cyrillic letter Fita * Fʻ (F + ʻokina) * Fʾ (F + right half ring) * Fʿ (F + left half ring) Its synonym was also sometimes used in a sexual sense. Latin obscenity is the profane, indecent, or impolite vocabulary of Latin, and its uses. Words deemed obscene were described as (obscene, lewd, unfit for public use), or (improper, in poor taste, undignified). He does not object to using the word , and says that , which in his day was obscene, was formerly just a euphemism meaning "tail". ===Degrees of obscenity=== There thus appear to have been various degrees of obscenity in Latin, with words for anything to do with sex in the most obscene category. Most Romance languages have adopted metaphorical euphemisms as the chief words for the penis; as in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian , obscene for penis, and in Romanian (although is far more common), in Catalan and French , from Latin , "staff", and French ("tail"), from Latin "tail". However, this etymology is not generally accepted today, and according to the the etymology is unknown. Medical, especially veterinary, texts also use certain anatomical words that, outside of their technical context, might have been considered obscene. ==Latin taboo words== ===Cicero's letter ad Fam. 9.22=== In a letter to one of his friends, written about 45 BC, Cicero discusses a number of obscenities in Latin. 9.22. I most nearly broke my equipment \-- and my tool.") == : to sodomise == The aggressive sense of English "fuck" and "screw" was not strongly attached to futuō in Latin. * It has also been used as a verb meaning "to steal" (e.g. "they had fecked cash out of the rector's room")Portrait of the Artist, James Joyce, (1964) p. 40 or to discover a safe method of robbery or cheating.Eric Partridge A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Fjolla (pronounced Fee-olla) is an Albanian female given name which means "snowflake". The modern scientific or polite words vulva and vagina both stem from Latin, but originally they had different meanings. This appears to have been one of the most obscene words in the entire Latin lexicon. The verbs and could also be used euphemistically of sexual intercourse.Lewis and Short, Latin Dictionary.

It means "Fornicated Under Consent of King"

It comes from "For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge"

It's an acronym

The origin is "Forbidden Use of Carnal Knowledge"

The f-word is "probably cognate" with a number of Germanic words with meanings involving striking

E

What's the origin of the word "crap"?

The word crap is actually of Middle English origin and predates its application to bodily waste. A patent for this development was awarded in 1897. ==Origin of the word "crap"== It has often been claimed in popular culture that the profane slang term for human bodily waste crap originated with Thomas Crapper because of his association with lavatories. Its most likely etymological origin is a combination of two older words: the Dutch krappen (to pluck off, cut off, or separate) and the Old French crappe (siftings, waste or rejected matter, from the medieval Latin crappa). Crapper is slang term for a toilet. Its first recorded application to bodily waste, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, appeared in 1846, 10 years after Crapper was born, under a reference to a crapping ken, or a privy, where ken means a house. ==References== ==Further reading== * * (fiction) ==External links== * Thomas Crapper at Snopes.com * Thomas Crapper & Co. Ltd. – the plumbing company founded by Thomas Crapper Category:1836 births Category:1910 deaths Category:British chief executives Category:British plumbers Category:British royal warrant holders Category:People from Thorne, South Yorkshire Category:Toilets Category:19th-century British businesspeople Category:King's Road, Chelsea, London It may also refer to: * Caganer ( "the crapper"), a figurine depicted in the act of defecation appearing in nativity scenes in Catalonia * Thomas Crapper, an English plumber and holder of patents on toilets (baptised 28 September 1836; died 27 January 1910) * Frank Crapper (1911–1991), Australian footballer * Fred Crapper (1909–1976), Australian footballer * Harry Crapper (1905–1976), Australian footballer * Thomas Crapper (1836–1910), British plumber Thomas Crapper (baptised 28 September 1836; died 27 January 1910) was an English plumber and businessman. In English, it was used to refer to chaff and also to weeds or other rubbish. Stuffo is the name of a supposed Germanic god, who originates from various late medieval legends from Germany related to Saint Boniface. ==Origin== Stuffo first appears in a few late medieval/early modern Bonifacian legends. "Chicken shit", or more commonly "chickenshit", is a slang term, usually regarded as vulgar. thumb|Craps dice The following is a glossary of terms used in the dice game craps. In 1861, Crapper set himself up as a sanitary engineer, with his own brass foundry and workshops in nearby Marlborough Road. thumb|Thomas Crapper Branding on one of his company's toilets In the 1880s, Prince Albert (later Edward VII) purchased his country seat of Sandringham House in Norfolk and asked Thomas Crapper & Co. to supply the plumbing, including thirty lavatories with cedarwood seats and enclosures, thus giving Crapper his first Royal Warrant. "I'm going to the crapper". Manhole covers with Crapper's company's name on them in Westminster Abbey have become one of London's minor tourist attractions. ==Life== Thomas Crapper was born in Thorne, West Riding of Yorkshire, in 1836; the exact date is unknown, but he was baptised on 28 September 1836. ==See also== *Bullshit *On Bullshit *Chicken manure *Shit *Shit happens ==References== Category:Slang Category:English profanity He founded Thomas Crapper & Co in London, a plumbing equipment company. Crapper's advertisements implied the siphonic flush was his invention. Christopher Crapper (5 July 1884 – 1933) was an English professional footballer who played as a full-back. Crapper improved the S-bend trap in 1880. However, Crapper's nephew, George, did improve the siphon mechanism by which the water flow starts. The company fell out of use until it was acquired by Simon Kirby, a historian and collector of antique bathroom fittings, who relaunched the company in Stratford-upon-Avon, producing authentic reproductions of Crapper's original Victorian bathroom fittings. ==Achievements== thumb|left|Manhole cover, inscribed "T Crapper & Co Sanitary Engineers Marlboro Works Chelsea London" thumb|Crapper's Valveless Waste Preventer №814 As the first man to set up public showrooms for displaying sanitary ware, he became known as an advocate of sanitary plumbing, popularising the notion of installation inside people's homes. Graf's Gardenstone, which accepts Stuffo's existence, lists Becher ("drinking cup") as a possible etymology.Graf 228-29.

The origin of the word "crap" is unknown

From the name "Crapper"

The word "crap" comes from Medieval Latin crappa, meaning "chaff"

None of the above

It comes from Thomas Crapper

C

What does it mean to write "xmas" instead of "Christmas"?

Xmas tree can be: *A colloquial abbreviation for a Christmas tree. A (: 'Yule; Christmas', : 'dawn') is a Swedish term for the matins on Christmas Day, 25 December, that celebrates the nativity of Jesus Christ. ==Observance== The service is held every 25 December early on Christmas morning – at 7 a.m. in most church buildings, but in some churches it is celebrated at 10 a.m., or as early as 4 a.m. Christmastide is a season of the liturgical year in most Christian churches. The true meaning of Christmas is a phrase that began to appear in the mid-19th century when a shift toward a more secular culture resulted in a national backlash. Most of 24 December is thus not part of Christmastide, but of Advent, the season in the Church Year that precedes Christmastide. Traditional examples of Christmas greetings include the Western Christian phrase "Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!" ==See also== * Christmas controversy * List of Christmas films * The True Meaning of Christmas Special ==References== Category:Christmas Category:Literary motifs Category:Phrases Category:Criticism of the commercialization of Christmas This is, also, an official national holiday. === Nazi Germany === European History Professor Joseph Perry wrote that in Nazi Germany, "because Nazi ideologues saw organized religion as an enemy of the totalitarian state, propagandists sought to deemphasize—or eliminate altogether—the Christian aspects of the holiday" and that "Propagandists tirelessly promoted numerous Nazified Christmas songs, which replaced Christian themes with the regime's racial ideologies." In December 2018, officials raided Christian churches just prior to Christmastide and coerced them to close; Christmas trees and Santa Clauses were also forcibly removed. ==See also== * Christmas and holiday season * Christmas Eve * Blue Christmas (holiday) * Advent * Epiphany season * Nativity Fast * Embertide ==References== Category:Epiphany (holiday) The phrase found its way into the 2003 Urbi et Orbi address of Pope John Paul II, "The crib and the tree: precious symbols, which hand down in time the true meaning of Christmas!"Urbi et Orbi message of His Holiness Pope John Paul II Christmas 2003U (vatican.va). In the Russian Orthodox Church, Christmastide is referred to as "Svyatki", meaning "Holy Days". == Dates == Christmastide, commonly called the Twelve Days of Christmas, lasts 12 days, from 25 December to 5 January, the latter date being named as Twelfth Night. The practice of giving gifts during Christmastide, according to Christian tradition, is symbolic of the presentation of the gifts by the Three Wise Men to the infant Jesus. There are several celebrations within Christmastide, including Christmas Day (25 December), St. Stephen's Day (26 December), Childermas (28 December), New Year's Eve (31 December), the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ or the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (1 January), and the Feast of the Holy Family (date varies). In some, Christmastide is identical to Twelvetide. In the Western Christian world, the two traditional days on which Christmas decorations are removed are Twelfth Night, Baptism of Jesus and Candlemas. In medieval era Christendom, Christmastide "lasted from the Nativity to the Purification." In the Christmas season, it is very common for television stations to air feature films relating to Christmas and Christianity in general, such as The Greatest Story Ever Told and Scrooge. During the season of Christmastide, in many Christian households, a gift is given for each of the Twelve Days of Christmastide, while in others, gifts are only given on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day or Twelfth Night, the first and last days of the festive season, respectively. An early expression of this sentiment using the phrase of "the true meaning" is found in The American Magazine, vol. 28 (1889): :"to give up one's very self – to think only of others – how to bring the greatest happiness to others – that is the true meaning of Christmas." Activities during this period include attending church services, singing Christmas carols and spiritual hymns, visiting relatives and friends, and performing works of mercy, such as visiting the sick, the elderly people, orphans, and giving generous alms. == Liturgy == === Western Christianity === ==== Readings ==== Calendar Day Feast Revised Common Lectionary Roman Lectionary 24 December Christmas Eve Isaiah 9:2–7 Psalm 96 (11) Titus 2:11–14 Luke 2:1–14 [15–20] Is 62:1–5 Acts 13:16–17, 22-25/Mt 1:1–25 or 1:18–25 25 December Christmas Day (first day of Christmastide) Isaiah 52:7–10 Psalm 98 (3) Hebrews 1:1–4 [5–12] John 1:1–14 Is 52:7-10/Heb 1:1-6/Jn 1:1–18 or 1:1–5, 9–14 26 December Saint Stephen's Day (second day of Christmastide) 2 Chronicles 24:17–22 Psalm 17:1–9, 15 (6) Acts 6:8—7:2a, 51–60 Matthew 23:34–39 Acts 6:8–10; 7:54-59/Mt 10:17–22 27 December Feast of St John the Apostle (third day of Christmastide) Genesis 1:1–5, 26–31 Psalm 116:12–19 1 John 1:1--2:2 John 21:20–25 1 Jn 1:1-4/Jn 20:1a, 2–8 28 December Feast of the Holy Innocents (fourth day of Christmastide) Jeremiah 31:15–17 Psalm 124 (7) 1 Peter 4:12–19 Matthew 2:13–18 1 Jn 1:5—2:2/Mt 2:13–18 29 December Feast of Saint Thomas Becket (fifth day of Christmastide) 1 Chronicles 28:1–10 1 Corinthians 3:10–17 Psalm 147:12–20 1 Jn 2:3-11/Lk 2:22–35 30 December First Sunday of Christmastide (sixth day of Christmastide) 1 Samuel 2:18–20, 26 Psalm 148 Colossians 3:12–17 Luke 2:41–52 Sir 3:2–6, 12-14/Col 3:12–21 or 3:12-17/Lk 2:41–52 1 Sm 1:20–22, 24-28/1 Jn 3:1–2, 21-24/Lk 2:41–52 (Year C) 31 December Saint Sylvester's Day / New Year's Eve (cf. watchnight service) (seventh day of Christmastide) Ecclesiastes 3:1–13 Psalm 8 Revelation 21:1-6a Matthew 25:31–46 1 Jn 2:18-21/Jn 1:1–18 1 January Feast of the Circumcision of Christ (Lutheran and Anglican Churches, Catholic Church, Extraordinary Form) Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (Catholic Church, Ordinary Form) (eighth day of Christmastide) Numbers 6:22–27 Psalm 8 Galatians 4:4–7 Philippians 2:5–11 (alternate) Luke 2:15–21 Nm 6:22-27/Gal 4:4-7/Lk 2:16–21 (18) 2 January (ninth day of Christmastide) Proverbs 1:1–7 James 3:13–18 Psalm 147:12–20 1 Jn 2:22-28/Jn 1:19–28 3 January (tenth day of Christmastide) Job 42:10–17 Luke 8:16–21 Psalm 72 1 Jn 2:29—3:6/Jn 1:29–34 4 January (eleventh day of Christmastide) Isaiah 6:1–5 Acts 7:44–53 Psalm 72 1 Jn 3:7-10/Jn 1:35–42 (207) 5 January Twelfth Night (twelfth day of Christmastide) Jeremiah 31:7–14 John 1:[1-9] 10–18 Psalm 72 1 Jn 3:11-21/Jn 1:43–51 (208) === Eastern Christianity === In the Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as in the Greek Catholic Churches and Byzatine-Rite Lutheran Churches, Christmas is the third most important feast (after Pascha and Pentecost). For the Catholic Church, Lutheran Church, Anglican Church and Methodist Church, Christmastide begins on 24 December at sunset or Vespers, which is liturgically the beginning of Christmas Eve.

It is an abbreviation

It means you are heathen

It means that you are not a Christian

It means you are a secular atheist

It means you hate Christianity

A

How did the word "gringo" originate?

After the Mexican-American War, gringo began to be used for citizens from that country, with expressions such as "American gringo" or simply gringo, attested as in popular use in Tepetitlán in 1849. The term is deeply rooted in Mexican culture and art; for example, in the novel The Old Gringo by Carlos Fuentes or in the songs Frijolero by Molotov and Somos Más Americanos by Los Tigres del Norte. === United States === In the United States, gringo is often used by Latino Americans to refer to Anglo Americans. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use in English comes from John Woodhouse Audubon's Western Journal of 1849–1850,"Gringo" From the Oxford English Dictionary. The word was used for Swiss, German, Polish, Italian and other immigrants, but since the Italian immigrants were the larger group, the word primarily referred to Italians in the lunfardo argot.http://www.fhuc.unl.edu.ar/portalgringo/crear/gringa/elportal/pdf/editoriales/gringo1.pdf It also found use in the intermittent exercise Gringo-Gaucho between Argentine Naval Aviation and US Navy aircraft carriers. ===Brazil=== In Brazil, the word gringo means "foreigner" and has no connection to physical characteristics or specific countries. Alternatively, it has been suggested that gringo could derive from the Caló language, the language of the Romani people of Spain, as a variant of the hypothetical *peregringo, 'peregrine', 'wayfarer', 'stranger'.Irving L. Allen, The Language of Ethnic Conflict: Social Organization and Lexical Culture, 1983, , p. 129 ===Folk etymologies=== There are several folk etymologies that purport to derive the origin of gringo from word coincidences. Gringo (, , ) (masculine) (or gringa (feminine)) is a term in Spanish and Portuguese for a foreigner, usually an English-speaking Anglo-American. Gringo in Argentina was used to refer to non-Spanish European immigrants who first established agricultural colonies in the country. Popularly used terms for fair-skinned and blond people are generally based in specific nationalities, like "alemão" (i.e., German), "russo" (Russian) or, in some regions, "galego" (Galician) which are used for both Brazilians and foreigners with such characteristics, regardless of national or ethnic origins. === Mexico === In Mexico, the use of the word "gringo" has been reserved for people from the U.S., especially Anglo Americans, since the end of the 19th century. Many of these folk etymologies date the word to the Mexican–American War (1846–1848): * Gringo is a result of American troops singing songs which began with "Green grows..." * Another derives from the Irish "Erin go bragh" ("Ireland forever"), which served as the motto for Saint Patrick's Battalion who fought alongside the Mexican army. ==Regional usage== ===Argentina=== The word gringo is mostly used in rural areas following the original Spanish meaning. A text published in Mexico, but written by a Spaniard, denigrates a Mexican from Sonora for speaking "gringo", in reference to the indigenous language. Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company. ==Etymology== The word gringo originally referred to any kind of foreigner. Gringas (, plural and feminine form of gringo) are a variety of tacos which consist of flour tortillas filled with cheese, al pastor meat, and pineapple. The 1817 Nuevo diccionario francés-español, for example, gives gringo and griego as synonyms in this context: This derivation requires two steps: griego > grigo, and grigo > gringo. The duo was originally known as the American Machine and then La Pareja del Terror, but their name was changed to Los Gringos Locos after the announcers said "Those gringos are loco," in regards to the team. Since then, gringo became a way to designate United States citizens exclusively. Tourists are called gringos regardless of their ethnic origins (i.e. Latin Americans or people from other regions, like Europe). Los Gringos Locos (intended to mean The Crazy Americans in English) were a lucha libre stable in Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). The word derives from the term used by the Spanish for a Greek person: griego. The Fighting Gringo may refer to: *The Fighting Gringo (1917 film) *The Fighting Gringo (1939 film) He compared the ban on the term as an attempt to cancel aspects of Mexican culture. ==Other uses== === Food === In Mexican cuisine, a gringa is a flour tortilla with al pastor pork meat with cheese, heated on a comal and optionally served with a salsa de chile (chilli sauce). Gringoire can refer to: *Pierre Gringoire *Gringoire (newspaper) a French newspaper between 1928 and 1944

None of the above

The word "gringo" originated in American Old West

The word "gringo" originated in the Mexican revolution

The word originally meant "foreigner" and is probably a corruption of Spanish griego, "Greek"

The word "gringo" originated in the Mexican War of 1846

D

In which countries in Europe is weed legal?

Cannabis in Luxembourg is legal for recreational and medical use. Since then, the importation, sale, transport and production of cannabis and cannabinoids has been illegal in France. Cannabis in Bulgaria is illegal, both for medical and recreational purposes. Cannabis in Georgia is illegal for recreational use, but decriminalized in the cities of Atlanta, Savannah, Macon, Athens, and others. Cannabis in Spain is decriminalized for personal cultivation and use, and other purposes other than sale or trade.Hidalgo, Susana (01-03-2009). right|thumb|250px|Hemp field near Toulouse Cannabis in France is illegal for personal use, but remains one of the most popular illegal drugs. France ranks fourth in the European Union in terms of monthly consumption (following the Czech Republic, Spain, and Italy) and second only to Denmark in terms of persons who have ever used cannabis.OEDT (2007), p. 41 In 2015, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction published a new report on drugs, saying that the French people were still the biggest cannabis consumers, especially in the 15–34 segment. right|thumb|300px|Hanflabyrinth in Berlin, 2009 Cannabis in Germany is legal for certain limited medical contexts, but illegal for recreational usage, though possession of minor amounts is not always prosecuted. At the end of 2018, a poll by the French Observatory of Drugs and Addiction, a government body, found "nearly one in two" were favourable to legalisation with 54% opposed, while more than 9 in 10 were in favour of legalising medical cannabis. ==See also== * Hemp in France * NORML France * FAAAT think & do tank ==References== Category:Drug policy of France In private places, consumption and possession of reasonable amounts (up to ) is legal. ==Cannabis clubs== Several cannabis consumption clubs and user associations have been established throughout Spain. In 2019, the French Conseil d'Analyse Économique published a report that recommended legalising cannabis for recreational use in France. == Consumption == thumb|Trends in cannabis usage for ages 15–44 between 1990 and 2000 In 2012, 13.4 million French people between age 15 and 64 had tried cannabis, and 1.2 million people in Metropolitan France considered themselves regular users.Observatoire français des drogues et toxicomanies, cité par Frédéric Joignot, France, terre de joints, cahier Culture et Idées, Le Monde, 27 juin 2014. Cannabis laws in Spain can vary by autonomous community. In July 2022 at a conference on the topic of cannabis laws within the European Union, uniting Germany, Malta, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, Paulette Lenert and the Minister of Justice, Sam Tanson both expressed the need to change to a regulatory approach on cannabis, based on dialogue with member states that have reached the same conclusion, that is, the failure of repressive politics throughout half a century in preventing the sale of illicit substances and in the fight against addiction. ==References== Luxembourg Category:Drugs in Luxembourg In February 2008, seven German patients were legally being treated with medicinal cannabis, distributed by prescription in pharmacies. The report is also affirming that the product quality is increasing, due to competition and technical innovation. == Opinion == A poll conducted by CSA in November 2013 indicated that, 55% of French people were opposed to the decriminalisation of cannabis, while 44% said that the prohibition on cannabis is an abridgment of individual liberty.Sondage CSA, cité par Frédéric Joignot, France, terre de joints, cahier Culture et Idées, Le Monde, 27 juin 2014. As of 8 June 2013, cannabis derivatives can be used in France for the manufacture of medicinal products. Boston: Pearson College Div. Baudelaire later wrote the 1860 book Les paradis artificiels about the state of being under the influence of opium and hashish. ==Legality== thumb|French cannabis legalisation activist Jean-Pierre Galland in 2007 In France, possession and use of cannabis fall under criminal law and the Loi du 31 décembre 1970, regarding health measures against drug abuse and suppression of drug trafficking. ===Medical cannabis=== France is a signatory to the Geneva Convention on drugs, and accordingly banned cannabis as a medical treatment in 1953. right|thumb|Million Marijuana March, 2005, Madrid thumb|Regular use of cannabis in Spain (recreational and medicinal). Under German law, the consumption itself of narcotics is not illegal: legally speaking, it is considered as non-punishable self-harm. There are plans to create a regulated market to produce and sell cannabis that would be state controlled. ==Politics== The Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourgish Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), the Green Party (Déi Gréng), the Pirate Party and the Left Party are in favor of legalizing cannabis for recreational use. As of 2022, approximately 4 million adults in Germany use cannabis. In June 2018, lawmakers unanimously approved a bill to legalize the medical use of cannabis. ==Legalisation== In November 2018, the government announced that it would legalise the recreational use of cannabis, and an exact timetable had yet to be defined.

Recreational use of weed is illegal in all European countries except Georgia but is decriminalized in some

Weed is legal in France

Weed is legal in the Netherlands

Weed is legal in the UK

Weed is legal in Germany

A

In which countries in Asia is weed legal?

Despite the law, marijuana is openly sold in some businesses. ==Culture== Cannabis is widely available in Laos despite its illegal status. Cannabis is illegal in Laos but a cannabis culture still exists. ==Regulation== Cannabis is illegal and public usage can land someone 12 months in jail. Cannabis in Tajikistan is illegal with severe penalties for the production, sale, and possession of marijuana for medicinal or recreational purposes. Cannabis in Singapore is currently illegal for recreational purposes, but medicinal purposes has been allowed under extraordinary circumstances in recent years. In 2008, most of the cannabis seized in Mongolia was grown locally, though some was produced in Russia. ==History== Cannabis may have been introduced to Mongolia by the Scythians, and historically was used for medical and shamanic purposes. ==References== Mongolia Category:Drugs in Mongolia Cannabis is illegal in Mongolia. Cannabis in Malaysia is illegal, although there are plans to make exceptions for medical purposes. Cannabis in Kyrgyzstan is illegal, but has a long history in the nation, which has been posited as the ancestral homeland of the cannabis plant. ==Reform== In the 1990s, Felix Kulov, Vice President and later Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan, proposed state control of cannabis fields in Kyrgyzstan to control the drug trade.Addiction Doctor Wants Kyrgyzstan To Legalize Pot. In 2017, Deputy Prime Minister Tolkunbek Abdygulov suggested legalizing cannabis to improve tourism in the country.Kyrgyzstan Could Bring Legal Cannabis To Central Asia · High Times ==Further reading== * https://iwpr.net/global-voices/kyrgyz-cannabis-boom-tourist-trade-slumps ==References== Kyrgyzstan Category:Drugs in Kyrgyzstan Most cultivation is for personal use. == History == Cannabis is native to Central Asia and grows in abundance in the wild. Cannabis was banned in Singapore in 1870, during the British colonial period under the Straits Settlements. ==Government view== The government has argued that its strict laws on drugs, which includes cannabis, is due to Singapore's proximity to the Golden Triangle, a popular worldwide transit point and market for drug trafficking. The permission is for a cannabinoid pharmaceutical also known as Epidiolex. ==Opinion polling== Date(s) conducted Polling organisation/client Medical and recreational legalisation Medical legalisation Status Quo September 2022 Milieu/The Sunday Times 12% 53% 35% In 2022, a survey by the local newspaper The Sunday Times as well as consumer research company Milieu found that 53% of Singaporeans believe that the country should explore legalising cannabis for medical purposes. 35% were against both medical and recreational cannabis, and 12% were for the legalisation of both medical and recreational cannabis, totaling 65% being for medical legalisation. ==Notes and references== ===Notes=== ===References=== Category:Cannabis by country Cannabis restrictions in Malaysia date as far back as the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance 1952 in British Malaya prior to independence. Trafficking, import or export of more than 500 grams may result in the death penalty. ==History== Cannabis was likely introduced to Singapore by immigrant laborers from South Asia, who often used cannabis in their homelands. According to Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 in Malaysia, cannabis possession is a punishable offence. Recreational use of cannabis under Malaysian legislation provides for a mandatory death penalty for convicted drug traffickers. ==Medical cannabis== In recent years, the usage of medicinal cannabis has been relaxed, but nevertheless remains severely restricted, and it's often been considered as the drug of last resort after all treatment options have been exhausted. The United Nations described Tajikistan with having a "relatively minor problem", reporting 30.95 hectares of wild growth and 1.24 hectares of illicit cannabis cultivation in 2006. This origin is witnessed by the use of the Indian term ganja to label cannabis in Singapore, even among non-Indians. The penalty five years imprisonment or a fine of up to RM20,000. ==Reform== In 2018, public outrage over a death penalty handed to a 29-year-old man led Malaysia to discuss legalising cannabis for medical use, which could make them one of the first nations in Asia to do so. According to the World Drug Report 2006, 3.4% of the population use cannabis at least once per year.World Drug Report 2006. Because of Vang Vieng's openness towards cannabis, psychedelic mushrooms, and opium, it has become a famous tourist destination. ==References== Laos Category:Politics of Laos Category:Society of Laos

Recreational use of weed is illegal in all Asian countries

Weed is legal in Afghanistan

Weed is legal in the Netherlands

Weed is legal in some countries in Asia

Weed is legal in India

A

Where in the Americas can you legally use magic mushrooms?

However, some local health and legal authorities have criticized magic mushroom's prohibition, since surveys have showed that it had little impact on decreasing their consumption in the country. scope=row In Taiwan, psilocybin mushrooms are illegal. Selling or offering or providing access to the mushrooms to others is illegal. scope=row Magic Mushrooms are fully legal in the Bahamas, however psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances by the United Nations Convention on Narcotic Drugs. scope=row In Belgium, cultivation of mushrooms has been prohibited since the enactment of the Criminal Law of 25 February 1921. There have been some recent reports of imprisonment for sale and possession of magic mushrooms in Chile, as well as indications that their usage is getting more popular in the country. A loophole further complicates the legal situation—the spores of psilocybin mushrooms do not contain the drugs, and are legal to possess in many areas. Mushroom spores and grow kits in Mexico are legal and are sold openly on the Internet. They are sold mainly over the internet on specialized websites, without facing persecution from Brazilian police. scope=row Where mushrooms grow naturally, it is legal to possess and consume psilocybin mushrooms; however, their sale is illegal. Cultivation is technically legal as long as the mushrooms are not harvested for use. This is a list of the legality of muscimol mushrooms by country. According to Decreto N° 403/016, all fungal species of the Psilocybe sp. genus are illegal to sell as a medicinal compound, and other psilocybin-containing fungi genera, such as Copelandia, Pluteus and Conocybe are also mentioned in the document. scope=row In Vietnam, psilocybin and psilocin were added to the list of banned substances in 2018 through Decree 73. magic mushrooms for ornamental uses made by people or scientific research made by physicians or psychonauts is fully legal in Vietnam. == See also == * Psilocybin decriminalization in the United States * Legal status of psychoactive Amanita mushrooms * Legal status of ayahuasca by country * Legal status of ibogaine by country * Legal status of psychoactive cactus by country * Legal status of Salvia divinorum == References == == Further reading == * International Legal Status of Psilocybin Mushrooms Ananda Schouten, 2004 Category:Psilocybin Category:Drug control law Category:Drug policy by country Category:Law-related lists Category:Lists by country Most US state courts have considered the mushroom a "container" of the illicit drugs, and therefore illegal. Cannabis in Puerto Rico is illegal for recreational use. Until 2002, magic mushrooms were readily available in Switzerland and, according to a Swiss medical agency, their ban was an attempt to prevent their increasing popularity in the country. Amantia mushroom is not included in the list of prohibited substance.News from government owned media stating what selling amantia is legal in Russia ==References== Category:Drug control law Category:Drug policy by country Amanita mushrooms Category:Lists by country Category:Psychoactive fungi There have been records of people being arrested for growing and selling large quantities of magic mushrooms for recreational purposes in the country. scope=row Grow kits and spores are legal to buy, sell and possess. scope=row Psilocybin mushrooms have never been made illegal and are openly sold. scope=row Prior to 2002, psilocybin mushrooms were widely available in Japan and were often sold in mail-order shops, online vendors and in head shops throughout Japan; according to Hideo Eno of Japan's Health Ministry narcotics division, prior to 2002, "You can find them [psilocybin mushrooms] anywhere." Mushroom spore kits and grow kits are legal and are sold openly in stores. scope=row The Drug policy of Portugal has decriminalized possession of all drugs. scope=row Psilocybin in any form is illegal. scope=row Psilocybin in any form is illegal. scope=row In Samoa, psilocybin mushrooms are widely found in nature, called popularly "Pulouaitu" and they are not mentioned on national drug laws. The 'Misuse of drugs act 1975' lists 'Conocybe, Panaeolus, or Psilocybe' species specifically. scope=row In Norway, magic mushrooms are specifically outlawed according to explicit regulation regarding narcotics. scope=row The legal status of the Psilocybin mushrooms as a drug came into light when high school students were reportedly hospitalized after consuming the mushrooms for their psychedelic property in 2019. However, in many national, state, and provincial drug laws, there has been a great deal of ambiguity about the legal status of psilocybin mushrooms, as well as a strong element of selective enforcement in some places. Before December 2008, unprocessed psychoactive mushrooms were not covered under the opium law, making them legal to possess, consume and sell, and could be bought in "smart shops" which specialize in ethnobotanicals. If the studies are successful, psilocybin- containing mushrooms could be removed from the country's ‘Category 5’ narcotics list. scope=row In Turkey magic mushrooms are treated as psilocybin which is illegal. In the rest of the country, it is not illegal to just sell the spores, but selling them with the purpose of producing hallucinogenic mushrooms is illegal. Cannabis in Mexico is legal for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Nevertheless, there are government plans to prohibit them in the near future, as they are being increasingly used by local youths. scope=row Psilocybin in any form is illegal. scope=row There is little legal experience in Slovakia on the legal evaluation of magic mushrooms, making their legality somewhat ambiguous.

You can legally use magic mushrooms in Mexico

You can legally use magic mushrooms in Puerto Rico

You can legally use magic mushrooms in California

Magic mushrooms are effectively legal in Brazil and Jamaica

You can legally use magic mushrooms in the United States

D

What is the origin of the word "shit"?

The Oxford English Dictionary (s.v. shit, shite n.) quotes two early shit-stick examples: "a hard chuffe, a shite-sticks" (1598) and "a shite-sticks, a shite-rags, that is to say, a miserable pinch-pennie" (1659); and (s.v. poop n.2) defines poop-stick as "a fool, ineffectual person", with the earliest usage in 1930. Shit stick means "a thin stake or stick used instead of toilet paper" for anal hygiene and was a historical item of material culture introduced through Chinese Buddhism and Japanese Buddhism. "Chicken shit", or more commonly "chickenshit", is a slang term, usually regarded as vulgar. My Shit may refer to: * "My Shit" (Scribe song), a 2007 single by Scribe. While most Japanese "shit stick" words have Sino-Japanese on'yomi readings, such as chūgi from chóumù 籌木, both kuso 糞 "shit; crap" (cf. internet slang kuso) and hera 箆 "spatula; scoop" are native Japanese kun'yomi pronunciations of these kanji (which would be read funhei 糞箆 in Sino-Japanese). In modern usage, Atcheson L. Hench suggests calling someone a shit-stick may combine the ideas of shit and stick-in-the-mud. Jack shit may refer to: * Nothing * Jack Shit, the stagename of Chris Jacobson, bassist of the band Mentors * Jack Shit!, a 2011 art exhibition of works by Gavin Turk * Jack Shit, a card hand in Euchre variations * Jackshit, a country music band composed of Val McCallum, Davey Faragher and Pete Thomas A shiketsu, or 'shit-stick' (kan, dry; shi, shit; ketsu, stick), was used in old times instead of toilet paper. The expression dates back to at least the 1920s, when "chicken feathers" was sometimes used as a euphemism for chicken shit. U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson once said, "I may not know much, but I do know the difference between chicken shit and chicken salad." Chóu 籌 "shit stick" was first chronicled around the 3rd century CE. The lexicographer Eric Partridge lists three slang terms. *shit-stick "a despised person" (US 1964) *shit sticks! "used as a mildly profane expression of disappointment" (US 1964) *shit(ty) end of the stick "an unfair position to be in; inequitable treatment" (UK 1974) ==Textual usages== Words meaning "shit stick" are associated with the Chan/Zen school of Buddhism. History of Shit (Histoire de la merde) is a 1978 book by French psychoanalyst Dominique Laporte (1949-1984). The Shit is an unreleased studio album by hip hop duo 2nd II None, originally set for release in 1994 on Death Row Records but was shelved and later leaked in 2008. Translators rendered this Sanskrit word into a number of different neologisms such as Chinese cèchóu 廁籌 and Japanese chūgi 籌木, and the custom of using shit sticks became popular. Aitken explains "dried shitstick" as "a soft stick that was used the way our ancestors used a corncob in their outhouses". ==See also== *Bullshit *On Bullshit *Chicken manure *Shit *Shit happens ==References== Category:Slang Category:English profanity Shit-sticks is metaphorically parallel to shit- rags. The expression stems from a time in China in which a wooden stick was used instead of toilet paper." Analysis of preserved fecal matter found on cloth covers wrapped around the ends of sticks revealed the remains of roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), tapeworm (Taenia solium), and Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis). ==Terminology== The Chinese and Japanese lexicons have various words meaning "shit stick". Owing to the ambiguities of Classical Chinese, the word gānshǐjué or kanshiketsu 乾屎橛 can be parsed as "dried shit-stick" or "dried-shit stick". From that point, he argues, “the chain of events would have proceeded through the devaluation of the olfactory stimuli and the isolation of the menstrual period to the time when visual stimuli were paramount and the genitals became visible and thence to the continuity of sexual excitation, the founding of the family and so to the threshold of civilization.”Laporte’s History of Shit is consistent with Freud’s general outline insofar as it recognizes the decline of the olfactory, exploits the tensions between the private nose and the public eye, and situates a historical turning point at the founding of the family.” == See also == * French writers * Psychoanalysts * Schools of psychoanalysis ==References== Category:1978 non-fiction books Category:Books about feces However, Sasaki changed this to "dried piece of shit", following the interpretation of Iriya Yoshitaka, an authority on Tang-dynasty slang, that it means "stick-shaped piece of dung".

The origin of "shit" is unknown

The original meaning is "Ship High in Transit"

All of the above

The origin is "Ship High in Transit"

The word comes from Old English scitte, and is of Proto-Germanic origin

E

What is the origin of "420" as a term for weed?

420, 4:20 or 4/20 (pronounced four-twenty) is cannabis culture slang for marijuana and hashish consumption, especially smoking around the time 4:20 pm (16:20). Jackson, (2012) 210 Cal.App.4th 1371 == See also == *Cannabis in California * Drug policy of California * Legal history of marijuana in the United States * Medical cannabis * Proposition 215 * Valerie Corral * 420 (cannabis culture) == References == == External links == * Official California Legislative Information relating to SB 420 in the 2003/2004 session * Ukiah Daily Journal * http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/opinions/revpub/B195624.PDF Category:Cannabis law reform in the United States Category:Drug control law in the United States Category:2003 in American law Senate Bill 420 Category:2003 in cannabis After several failed attempts to find the crop, the group eventually shortened their phrase to "4:20", which ultimately evolved into a code-word the teens used to refer to consuming cannabis. It also refers to cannabis-oriented celebrations that take place annually on April 20 (4/20 in U.S. and Canadian date form). ==Origins== In 1971, five high school students in San Rafael, California, used the term "4:20" in connection with a plan to search for an abandoned cannabis crop, based on a treasure map made by the grower. On January 9, 2019, H.R. 420 was introduced into the 116th Congress by Representative Earl Blumenauer (D-Oregon), named the Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act, which is designed to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and return regulation to the states. In Northern Cyprus, known for strict drug laws and intolerance to cannabis consumption, the first 420 event was held in the capital city Lefkoşa in 2015. thumb|right|420, a slang name for cannabis, written on a train in New Jersey More than 1,247 slang names have been identified for the dried leaves and flowers harvested from the cannabis plant for drug use, including: ==Slang names for cannabis== thumb|right|Pot, a common slang name for cannabis, on a sign at a 2012 cannabis rights demonstration in New York City ===Slang names for marijuana=== Most slang names for cannabis date to the jazz era, when it was called Weed, Reefer, Gauge, Jive. The mile marker 420 sign on U.S. Route 89, the only 420 marker in the state of Utah, is frequently stolen. ===Legislation and other government recognition=== In 2003, California Senate Bill 420 was introduced to regulate medical marijuana use, in deliberate reference to the status of 420 in marijuana culture. In the United States, increased restrictions and labeling of cannabis (legal term marijuana or marihuana) as a poison began in many states from 1906 onward, and outright prohibitions began in the 1920s. Weed is a commonly used slang term for cannabis. Hemp cigarettes were reported to be used by Mexican soldiers as early as 1874. == Criminalization (1900s) == === Strengthening of poison laws (1906–1938) === The Pure Food and Drug Act was then passed by the United States Congress in 1906 and required that certain special drugs, including cannabis, be accurately labeled with contents. Many marijuana users protest in civil disobedience by gathering in public to smoke at 4:20 pm. * Marijuana law reform groups such as Drug Policy Alliance, NORML, Marijuana Policy Project and Campaign Against Marijuana Prohibition CAMP 420 also support the bill. === Opponents === * John Lovell, lobbyist for the California Correctional Peace Officers Association, opposes the bill and is quoted saying "the last thing we need is another mind-altering substance to be legalized." All the other counties submit patient information to the state patient database. == Other provisions of SB 420 == In other provisions, SB 420: * Recognizes the right of patients and caregivers to associate collectively or cooperatively to cultivate medical marijuana. The 420s decade ran from January 1, 420, to December 31, 429. ==Significant people== ==References== California Senate Bill 420 (colloquially known as the Medical Marijuana Program Act) was a bill introduced by John Vasconcellos of the California State Senate, and subsequently passed by the California State Legislature and signed by Governor Gray Davis in 2003 "pursuant to the powers reserved to the State of California and its people under the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.", §1(e) It clarified the scope and application of California Proposition 215, also known as the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, and established the California medical marijuana program. The Marijuana Control, Regulation, and Education Act, also known as California Assembly Bill 390 (A.B. 390) and later Assembly Bill 2254 (A.B. 2254), is the first bill ever introduced to regulate the sale and use of marijuana in the U.S. state of California. That bill was withdrawn in favor of one specifically aimed at opium, though further bills including hemp-based drugs were introduced in 1885 and in 1889. ==== Background to later restrictions (late 19th century) ==== thumb|Excerpt from the New York Times, March 6, 1884 As early as 1853, recreational cannabis was listed as a "fashionable narcotic". An unsuccessful 2010 bill to legalize cannabis in Guam was called Bill 420. Because of that, the passage of the initial laws is often described as a product of racism. === International Opium Convention (1925) === In 1925, the United States supported regulation of Indian hemp, also known as hashish, in the International Opium Convention. Medicinal preparations of cannabis became available in American pharmacies in the 1850s following an introduction to its use in Western medicine by William O'Shaughnessy a decade earlier in 1839. ===Early pharmaceutical and recreational use=== Around the same time, efforts to regulate the sale of pharmaceuticals began, and laws were introduced on a state-to-state basis that created penalties for mislabeling drugs, adulterating them with undisclosed narcotics, and improper sale of those considered "poisons". On April 20, 2017, a small group of protesters carried out an event near the parliament building and made a public statement, demanding the legalization of cannabis sale, consumption, and production with state regulations. ==Other effects== ===Traffic safety=== Despite two studies reporting a supposed increase in the risk of fatal motor vehicle crashes on April 20, further investigation and analysis found the evidence did not support such claims. ===Stolen signs=== In the US, signs bearing the number 420 have been frequently stolen.

It is often claimed in popular culture that the term comes from students meeting at 4:20 pm to smoke, but it is actually a police code for drugs

Los Angeles police or penal code for marijuana use

Los Angeles police used this code for drugs

The origin of "420" as a term for weed is unknown

Students at San Rafael High School would meet at 4:20 pm to smoke

E

The word "Easter" is connected with which goddess?

In the tract, Hislop connects modern English Easter with the East Semitic theonym Ishtar by way of folk etymology. An Old Saxon equivalent of the spring goddess named *Āsteron may also be reconstructed from the term asteronhus, which is translated by most scholars as 'Easter-house', which would parallel the Medieval Flemish Paeshuys ('Easter-house'). The modern English term Easter developed from the Old English word Ēastre or Ēostre (), which itself developed prior to 899, originally referring to the name of the Anglo-Saxon goddess Ēostre.Barnhart, Robert K. In Dutch, Easter is known as Pasen and in the North Germanic languages Easter is known as påske (Danish and Norwegian), påsk (Swedish), páskar (Icelandic) and páskir (Faroese). By way of the Germanic month bearing her name (Northumbrian: , West Saxon: ; ), she is the namesake of the festival of Easter in some languages. In the words of the Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, "a Proto-Indo-European goddess of the dawn is supported both by the evidence of cognate names and the similarity of mythic representation of the dawn goddess among various Indo- European groups. Ḫegir (𒀭𒃶𒄈) or Ḫegirnunna (𒀭𒃶𒄈𒉣𒈾) was a Mesopotamian goddess who belonged to the pantheon of Lagash. In the second volume of , Grimm picked up the subject of Ostara again, speculating on possible connections between the goddess and various German Easter customs, including Easter eggs: > But if we admit, goddesses, then, in addition to Nerthus, has the strongest > claim to consideration. The word was created by Finnish bishop and bible translator Mikael Agricola. ==References== Category:Easter Easter For example, from The Two Babylons, third edition: > What means the term Easter itself? In all modern Celtic languages the term for Easter is derived from Latin. Some non-Indo-European languages have unique etymologies for Easter. The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology (1995) . ==English Easter, German Ostern, and related== thumb|Ostara (1884) by Johannes Gehrts Old English Eōstre continues into modern English as Easter and derives from Proto-Germanic *austrōn, itself a descendant of the Proto-Indo-European root *aus-, meaning 'to shine' (modern English east also derives from this root).Watkins 2006 [2000]: 2021. Easter is a surname. The name of these goddesses certainly derives from the stem austri-, which, if Germanic, would be cognate with the Old English Eostre, although the goddesses might equally have developed entirely independently. ==Description by Bede, 8th century== 'Ēosturmōnaþ (modern English: Ēostre's month) was the Anglo-Saxon name for the month of April.Cockayne, Thomas. Thus, Shaw’s theory cannot be said to have 'done away' with any arguments connecting Eostre—the goddess Bede tells us was worshipped in that month—with the dawn or the spring.Sermon 2022: 154-155. ==Theories and interpretations== ===Jacob Grimm=== In his 1835 , Jacob Grimm cites comparative evidence to reconstruct a potential continental Germanic goddess whose name would have been preserved in the Old High German name of Easter, *. In three of the Indo-European stocks, Baltic, Greek and Indo-Iranian, the existence of a Proto-Indo-European 'goddess of the dawn' is given additional linguistic support in that she is designated the 'daughter of heaven'." The Christian holiday Easter has several names. Easter is nothing else than Astarte, > one of the titles of Beltis, the queen of heaven, whose name, as pronounced > by the people of Ninevah, was evidently identical with that now in common > use in this country. The Old English is therefore a distant cognate of numerous other dawn goddesses attested among Indo-European-speaking peoples, including Uṣás, Ēṓs, and Aurōra. Since the 19th century, numerous linguists have observed that the name is linguistically cognate with the names of dawn goddesses attested among Indo- European language-speaking peoples. In three of the [Indo-European] stocks, Baltic, Greek and Indo-Iranian, the existence of a [Proto-Indo-European] 'goddess of the dawn' is given additional linguistic support in that she is designated the 'daughter of heaven'."Mallory & Adams (1997:148–149) ==From Greek Pascha== The festival that early Christians celebrated was called in Greek Πάσχα (Pascha), a transliteration of the Aramaic word פסחא, cognate to Hebrew פֶּסַח (Pesach).

The word "Easter" is connected with the goddess Ishtar

It is connected with Eostre, a West Germanic goddess representing the dawn

None of the above

Ishtar

It is connected with Ishtar, a Mesopotamian goddess

B

What the origin of the negative word "wop" for Italians?

The first use of wop significantly predates that period. ==See also== *List of ethnic slurs *Anti-Italianism *Dago (slur) *Guido (slang) *Goombah *Wog ==References== ==External links== * Category:Pejorative terms for European people Category:Anti-Italian sentiment Category:American slang Category:English words Consiglio, La camorra a Napoli, p. 40 The word wop, a pejorative American ethnic slur for an Italian, probably derives from guappo.wop in wordorigins.org ==Characteristics== Though the term today often refers to a member of the Camorra (i.e. a Camorrista), the historical figure of the "guappo" is not necessarily synonymous with the Camorrista. The term guappo was especially used by older Italian immigrant males to refer to the younger Italian male immigrants arriving in America. ===False etymologies=== One false etymology or backronym of wop is that it is an acronym for "without passport" or "without papers", implying that Italian immigrants entered the U.S. as undocumented or illegal immigrants. Wop is a pejorative slur for Italians or people of Italian descent.Embury, Stuart P. (2006). Quando il guappo non era camorrista, Il Denaro Nr. 159, August 26, 2006 The word likely transformed into the slur "wop" following the arrival of poor Italian immigrants into the United States. Embury Publishing Company. pp. 1-4. ==Etymology== The Merriam-Webster dictionary states wop's first known use was in the United States in 1908, and that it originates from the Southern Italian dialectal term guappo, roughly meaning "dandy", or "swaggerer", derived from the Spanish term guapo, meaning "good-looking", "dandy", from Latin vappa for "sour wine", also "worthless fellow".Wop. Another backronym is that wop stands for "working on pavement," based on a stereotype that Italian immigrants and Italian-American men typically do manual labor such as road building. Southern Italian immigrant males would often refer to one another as guappo in a jocular or playful manner; as these Italian immigrants often worked as manual laborers in the United States, their native-born American employers and fellow laborers took notice of the Italians' playful term of address and eventually began deploying it as a derogatory term for all Italians and Southern Europeans, along with the term Dago. The term was originally coined from the Italian phrase Italia irredenta and referred to an Italian movement after 1878 claiming parts of Switzerland and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Paletta is a surname of Italian origin, thought to have been derived from the Italian word pall, meaning "cannon ball." Filipino Italians are Italians who are either migrants or descendants of migrants from the Philippines. This phrase originally referred to territory controlled by Austria-Hungary but mostly or partly inhabited by ethnic Italians. One passport will have to be stored in a Questura (provincial headquarters of the State Police) or consulate. ==Gallery of historic images== File:Passaportoitaliano1901.jpg|Cover of passport issued in 1901 File:Passaportoitaliano1938.jpg|Cover of passport issued in 1938 File:1938 Italian regular passport changed during the war to a SERVICE passport.jpg|1938 Italian regular passport changed during the war to a SERVICE passport File:1947 Italian Diplomatic passport used for Moscow.jpg|1947 Italian Diplomatic passport used for Moscow File:Passaportoitaliano1953.jpg|Cover of passport issued in 1953 File:Passaportoitaliano1973.jpg|Cover of passport issued in 1966 File:Passaportoitaliano1966.jpg|Cover of passport issued in 1973 File:Passaportoitaliano1990.jpg|Cover of passport as issued from 1985 to 1998 File:Passaportoitaliano2004.jpg|Cover of passport as issued from 1998 to 2006 File:Passaportoitaliano2006.jpg|Cover of passport as issued from 2010 onwards ==See also== *Italian nationality law *Italian electronic identity card *Visa requirements for Italian citizens *Visa policy of the Schengen Area ==References== ==External links== *Italian Police official site *Passport process site *Benefits of an Italian passport for Italian dual citizens Italy Passport Passport Category:European Union passports An Italian passport is issued upon request to an Italian citizen for the purpose of international travel. Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved on 2015-10-11.Wop. Guappo (plural: guappi) is a historical Italian criminal subculture and informal term of address in the Neapolitan language, roughly analogous to or meaning thug, swaggerer, pimp, braggart, or ruffian. thumb|alt=Map of Kingdom of Italy (1919)|The term irredentism originated from the Italian phrase Italia irredenta. The subculture stereotypically consisted of a type of boisterous, flashy, swaggering, free-spirited, and violent yet dandy-like criminal, pimp, outlaw, and ruffian that nonetheless followed a somewhat chivalrous code of honor. ==Etymology== The word most likely derives from the Spanish guapo (Southern Italy had been under Spanish rule for centuries), meaning bold, elegant, or an ostentatious person, and which eventually derives from the Latin vappa, meaning flat wine or scoundrel. Guappo historically refers to a type of flashy, boisterous, swaggering, dandy-like criminal in the Naples area. The requirement to attach an annual revenue stamp inside the passport was canceled in 2014. == Multiple passports == Italians are allowed to have two passports if they have a valid reason, such as having a stamp from a country like Israel, which may cause trouble with other countries (some countries do not accept passports that contain stamps issued by Israeli authorities). The word "Passaporto", meaning passport, is inscribed below the emblem and "Unione Europea" (), "Repubblica Italiana" () above. As of June 2023, Italian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 191 countries and territories, ranking the Italian passport 4th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Luxembourg and Finland) according to the Henley Passport Index. ==Issuing== The Italian passport is issued by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, through * Questure (State Police provincial offices) in ItalyLaw n. 1185 of 1967 (Norme sui passaporti) * Italian consulates and embassies abroad Italian citizens can only apply online on the official Police website.

It means without passport

An acronym for "without passport"

It is a corruption of dialectal Italian guappo, "thug"

The word "wop" was originally an acronym for "without passport"or "working off passage

The origin of the negative word "wop" for Italians is unknown.

C

What did the word "chav" originally stand for?

In the 2010 book Stab Proof Scarecrows by Lance Manley, it was surmised that "chav" was an abbreviation for "council housed and violent". I saw one the other day, people said, "It's an > acronym, 'chav', from 'council house and violent'"—well, no, it isn't, that > was made up in recent times. "Chav" (), also "charver", "scally" and "roadman" in parts of England, is a British term, usually used in a pejorative way. "Chav" may have its origins in the Romani word "chavi", meaning "child". The word "chavvy" has existed since at least the 19th century; lexicographer Eric Partridge mentions it in his 1950 dictionary of slang and unconventional English, giving its date of origin as c. 1860. Cha is a nickname used by people with the given name Charles and its variants. Chas is an English unisex given name and nickname, often a short form (hypocorism) of Charles. In 2013 linguist David Crystal said on BBC Learning English: > People talk about "chav behaviour" or "chav insults" and that sort of thing. > Oh, don't believe the popular etymologies that you read sometimes in the > press and on websites. Chaver may refer to: *Chaber (also spelled chaver), a Hebrew term meaning "associate", "friend", or similar *Chaver, a Malayalam term meaning "martyrs" or "suicide attackers" People with the surname Chavers include: *P.W. Chavers (1876–1933), African-American businessman and journalist *Dean Chavers (born 1941), Native American educationalist == See also== * Mamankam festival#Tradition of chavers * Charver, a term for "chav" in Northern England Use of the term 'chav' was reported in The Guardian in 2011 as "class abuse by people asserting superiority". Chalfant or Chalfants may refer to: ==People== * Chalfant (surname) ==Places== * Chalfant, California * Chalfants, Ohio * Chalfant, Pennsylvania Chalcus, a Latin word derived from the Greek word χαλκός meaning copper or bronze (plural chalci), may refer to : * Dionysius Chalcus, an ancient Athenian poet and orator * a Greek copper money (see Ancient Roman units of measurement) * Captain Chalcus, a character in the 1999 fantasy novel Servant of the Dragon ==See also== * Chalcis, a modern Greek town whose name derives from the word Chalcus It has also been suggested that the term is derived from the name of the town of Chatham, in Kent, but the Oxford English Dictionary thinks this is "probably a later rationalization". ==Stereotype== thumb|Caricature of a chav thumb|Caricature of a chav Besides referring to loutish (ill-mannered) behaviour, violence, and particular speech patterns (all of which are stereotypes), the chav stereotype includes wearing branded designer sportswear, which may be accompanied by some form of flashy gold jewellery otherwise termed as "bling". * * * * "Chavette" is a related term referring to female chavs, and the adjectives "chavvy", "chavvish", and "chavtastic" are used to describe things associated with chavs, such as fashion, slang, etc. Writer Owen Jones also criticised the use of the term in his book Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class. ==In the media== By 2004, the word was used in national newspapers and common parlance in the UK. In a February 2005 article in The Times, Julie Burchill argued that use of the word is a form of "social racism", and that such "sneering" reveals more about the shortcomings of the "chav-haters" than those of their supposed victims. The widespread use of the "chav" stereotype has been criticised. I'm a chav!" ==Criticism of the stereotype== A BBC TV documentary suggested that chav culture is an evolution of previous working-class youth subcultures associated with particular commercial clothing styles, such as mods, skinheads, and casuals. In Kingsman: The Secret Service, the main character Eggsy Unwin (Taron Egerton) is introduced as a stereotypical chav. ==See also== * Ah Beng * Bogan * Bootboy * Dizelaši * Eshays * Football casuals, 1980s precursor to the chav subculture * Gopnik * Hooliganism * Lad culture * Ned (Scottish) * Redneck * Ratchet (slang) * Skeet, a similar term used on the Canadian island of Newfoundland * Social structure * Social structure of the United Kingdom * Subculture * Underclass * Westie, similar stereotype in Australia and New Zealand * Wigger * Yob ==References== Notes Further reading * * ==External links== ===Audio=== * Professor David Crystal, BBC World Service, Learning English, Mp3. ===Video=== * Plan B. Youth, music and London at TEDxObserver. Characters described as "chavs" have been featured in numerous British television programmes, as well as films. The large supermarket chain Asda has attempted to trademark the word "chav" for a line of confectionery.

None of the above

The word stood for Chatham-Average

It stood for Cheltenham-Average

The word "chav" is not an acronym

The word "chav" stood for "Council Housed And Violent"

D

What did the f-word originally stand for?

The F-Word is a book by lexicographer and linguist Jesse Sheidlower surveying the history and usage of the English word fuck and a wide variety of euphemisms that replace it. F Word or The F Word may refer to: *Any of several words that begins with the letter "f", often used as a euphemism where they may be considered controversial, particularly: **Fuck ** Faggot (slang) == Film and television == * The F Word (British TV series), a cooking show featuring celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay * The F Word (American TV series), the U.S. version of the cooking show featuring Gordon Ramsay * The F Word (2005 film), a film starring Josh Hamilton * The F Word (2013 film), a film starring Daniel Radcliffe and Zoe Kazan (retitled to What If) * "The F Word" (South Park), a 2009 episode of the U.S. television series South Park * "The F Word", an episode from season 4 of the television series Daria == Music == * "The F-Word", a song by Babybird from Bugged released in 2000 * "The F Word", a song by Cannibal Ox from The Cold Vein released in 2001 == Other media == * The F-Word (blog), a UK-based feminist blog * The F-Word (book), a 1995 book by Jesse Sheidlower about English usage of the word "fuck" and translations in other languages * The F-Word, an exhibition exploring personal tales of forgiveness and reconciliation from around the world by UK charity The Forgiveness Project == Other uses == * FWord pointers, in computer programming The F-Word is a UK-based feminist website founded by Catherine Redfern in 2001, initially as a forum for young feminists. FOD may refer to: ==Music== * F.O.D. (band), a Belgian punk rock band * "F.O.D. (Fuck of Death)", a song by Canadian extreme metal band Slaughter * Flag of Democracy, an American hardcore punk band * "F.O.D.", a song on Green Day's album Dookie == Other uses == * The F.O.D. Control Corporation * Foodo language, spoken in Benin * Ford railway station, in England * Foreign object damage, damage to aircraft caused by debris * Fort Dodge Regional Airport, in Iowa, United States * Framework-oriented design * Friend of Dorothy, a term for a gay man * Funny or Die, an American comedy production company * Films on demand; see video on demand F' (F + apostrophe) may stand in for: * Fʼ (F + modifier apostrophe), which represents: ** the labiodental ejective fricative, in the International Phonetic Alphabet ** palatalised f, in Slavic notation * F′ (F + prime), often used in mathematical notation for the first derivative of a function * F̀ (F + grave accent), used for transliterating the Cyrillic letter Fita * Fʻ (F + ʻokina) * Fʾ (F + right half ring) * Fʿ (F + left half ring) FNUF may refer to: * United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), in its French- language abbreviation * Front national pour l’unité française, a predecessor of the French right-wing party Front National The F-Word also features reviews of comics, art, books, comedy, events, films, magazines, music, television and theatre, along with hosting a blog containing posts from selected guests and regular writers. The F-word (third edition). Aims and objectives of the F-Word are to provide a place for a new feminist voice, with analytical thinking on contemporary issues, and create a safe supportive environment for readers and contributors. The website was originally named The F-Word to encompass the idea that feminism is seen as taboo for young women, with Redfern subsequently composing the website of all young women contributors. The F-Word has since turned into a contemporary feminist website containing features, blog pieces and reviews on hot-topic feminist issues. Plain talk: Jesse Sheidlower gives the f-word its due. However, in 2003, the site changed its tagline from "young" to "contemporary", welcoming contributors of all ages. ==Contributors== ==The site== Current categories on the website are Politics, Film and TV, Stage, Books, Music and Life. Sheidlower examines 16th and 17th century poetry, 20th century literature, and 21st century media uses of the word. New York: Oxford University Press US. ==Further reading== * Category:Works about philology Category:Linguistics books Category:1995 non-fiction books Category:Works about profanity Category:American non-fiction books It was listed in The Guardian as one of The World's 50 Most Powerful Blogs in 2008. ==Notes== Category:British women's websites Category:Feminism in the United Kingdom Category:Feminist blogs Category:Internet properties established in 2001 It has functioned under a rotating editor system since 2013, with the editor changing yearly. ==Recognition== In 2002, the site was "Highly Commended" by the Women in Publishing New Venture Awards and Redfern was named in The Guardian as one of 50 Women to Watch the following year. The site was edited by Catherine Redfern 2001-2007 and Jess McCabe 2007–2013. The blog was added to the site in 2005, covering a range of political and feminist topics of the time, including Harriet Harman's tip-of-the-hat for the deputy prime minister job, homophobic bullying, pornography, abortion and women's oppression in Iraq. Oxford University Press published a revised and expanded third edition in 2009, featuring a foreword by comedian Lewis Black. == References == * Elias, Justine. The Boston Phoenix. The book was first published in 1995 by Random House, which also published the second edition in 1999.

It's an acronym

Nothing because the f-word is not an acronym

The origin is "Forbidden Use of Carnal Knowledge"

It means "Fornicated Under Consent of King"

The f-word originally stood for "founders"

B

What did the word "posh" originally stand for?

POSH (, also Romanized Fosh, an abbreviation for Plugot Sadeh (), lit. Poshtaveh () may refer to: * Poshtaveh-ye Olya * Poshtaveh-ye Sofla Pas Poshteh () may refer to: * Pas Poshteh, Golestan * Pas Poshteh, Razavi Khorasan Posht-e Bam or Posht Bam () may refer to: * Posht Bam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer- Ahmad * Posht-e Bam, North Khorasan Poglish, also known as Polglish and Ponglish (Polish: , język polgielski; German: ), is a blend of two words from Polish and English. Poche is the French word for pocket. Poglish is a common phenomenon among persons bilingual in Polish and English; and is a manifestation of a broader phenomenon, that of language interference. POSH was disbanded in 1939 to create a larger force known as the Hish (Heil Sadeh, "Field Corps"). A most common feature of their Poglish is the Polonization of English words. It can refer to: ==People== * Colin Poche (born 1994), American baseball player * Felix Pierre Poché (1836–1895), American justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court * Fred Poché (born 1960), French philosopher * Jared Poché (born 1994), American baseball player * Miroslav Poche (born 1978), Czech politician * Oswald Poche (1908–1962), German Nazi military figure, chief of the Gestapo ;See also * Mauricio Pochettino (born 1972), Argentinian former footballer and manager of Tottenham Hotspur ==Places== * Poche Beach, in San Clemente, California * Habère-Poche, a commune in south-eastern France ==Other== * Amour de poche, a French comedy fantasy film from 1957 * Chat en poche, a comedy in three acts by Georges Feydeau from 1892 * Le Livre de Poche ("The Pocket Book"), a publishing brand name in France since 1953 * Pochette, French name for a kit violin * Télé Poche ("Pocket TV"), a weekly television listings magazine in France since 1966 During World War II POSH veterans were trained by the British for commando night raids. ==References== ==Further reading== * Katz, Sam (1988). Field Companies) was an elite Jewish strike force that served as the commando arm of the Haganah during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine when the country was under British Mandate control.Palmach: Units and organizational structure POSH members were hand-picked by Yitzhak Sadeh, commander of the Jewish Settlement Police. As with the mixing of other language pairs, the results of Poglish speech (oral or written) may sometimes be confusing, amusing, or embarrassing. BBC Look North (East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire) Television produced a report on Poglish in Boston, Lincolnshire, which has a large Polish population. The latter Polish-English version makes a fairly convincing Poglish text. By March 1938, POSH had 1,500 trained fighters divided into 13 regional groups. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. Thus, some Poles living in Anglophone countries, when speaking of "cashing a check", will erroneously say "kasować czek" ("to cancel a check") rather than the correct "realizować czek" ("to cash a check"). ==Latin calques== A remarkably high proportion of Polish terms actually have precise metaphrastic equivalents in English, traceable to the fact that both these Indo-European languages have been calqued, since the Middle Ages, on the same Latin roots. =="Chicago Polish"== Some Polish expatriates in Chicago – especially those who have lived there a long time – speak Poglish on a daily basis. Polglish (from as early as 1975) was followed by Pinglish (1984), Polilish (1997), Ponglish (2002), and Poglish (2006).Lambert, James. 2018. Several portmanteau words have been formed, blending the words "Polish" and "English". It is the product of macaronically mixing Polish- and English-language elements (morphemes, words, grammatical structures, syntactic elements, idioms, etc.) within a single speech production, or the use of "false friends" or of cognate words in senses that have diverged from those of the common etymological root. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam An expression that has been used by some native Polish-speakers to denote the mixing of Polish- and English-language elements in oral or written speech is "half na pół" ("half-and-half"). ==Mis-metaphrase== One of the two chief approaches to translation, "metaphrase" also referred to as "formal equivalence", "literal translation", or "word-for-word translation" must be used with great care especially in relation to idioms.Christopher Kasparek, "The Translator's Endless Toil," The Polish Review, vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, p.

Nothing because the word "posh" is not an acronym

All of the above

None of the above

The word "posh" originally stood for "port out, starboard home"

It means port out, starboard home

A

Where does the word "butterfly" come from?

Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Leafwing may refer to: *Charaxinae, a subfamily of butterflies commonly known as the leafwings *Doleschallia bisaltide, a butterfly commonly known as the leafwing (in Australia) or autumnleaf (elsewhere) *Zaretis itys, a butterfly commonly known as the leaf wing Category:Animal common name disambiguation pages Paper kite butterfly may refer to: * Idea leuconoe, a butterfly species found in Asia and Northern Australia * Idea malabarica, a butterfly species found in peninsular India Papillon is a name meaning "butterfly" in French. is a major table tennis apparel and equipment supplier using the brand name Butterfly, based in Japan with offices in Moers, Germany (Tamasu Butterfly Europe), Shanghai (Tamasu Butterfly China) and Seoul (Tamasu Butterfly Korea). Megoleria is a genus of clearwing (ithomiine) butterflies, named by Constantino in 1999. They are in the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae. ==Species== Arranged alphabetically:Megoleria at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms *Megoleria orestilla (Hewitson, 1867) *Megoleria susiana (C. & R. Felder, 1862) == References == Category:Ithomiini Category:Nymphalidae of South America Category:Nymphalidae genera Butterfly sponsors top players and coaches in different countries such as USA, Korea, Canada, Germany, Japan, Poland, and many more. Butterfly is not only a corporation that supplies table tennis players with equipment and clothes, but also sponsors tournaments, open camps for training, and have clubs located in the Americas. The Butterfly blades use carbon materials such as Tamasu Carbon (TamCa) 5000, or Uniaxial Light Carbon (ULC), fiber materials such as Arylate (AL) or Zylon (ZL), or composite materials such as Arylate + TamCa5000 (ALC) or Zylon + ULC (ZLC) or high molarity (Super) ZLC (SZLC). == References == ==External links== * Category:Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1950 Category:1950 establishments in Japan Category:Sporting goods manufacturers of Japan Category:Sportswear brands Category:Japanese brands Notable people with the name include: *Annick Papillon (born 1980), Canadian politician *Godfrey Papillon (1867–1942), English cricketer *Jean-François Papillon (died 1805), African- born slave in Haiti *John Papillon (cricketer) (1806–1889), English cricketer *John Papillon (1838–1891), British photographer and army engineer *Thomas Papillon (1623–1702), English merchant and politician *Papillon Soo Soo (born 1961), British-Chinese model and actress The company was founded in 1950 in Yanai city, Japan, by Hikosuke Tamasu, a Japanese table tennis player at the time. Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed Butterfly flower may refer to: * Asclepias syriaca * Schizanthus spp. * Iris japonica ==See also== *Butterfly bush *Butterfly weed

It comes from the Middle English word butterflye, which comes from the Old English word butorfleoge

It comes from "flutterby" because of how they fly

The word "butterfly" comes from "flutterby"

All of the above

None of the above

A

Why are dollars called "bucks"?

Big bucks may refer to: *A large amount of money *Big Bucks Trivia, a game *Big Buck Hunter, another game *Big Buck's, National Hunt racehorse Buckskinning is a branch of historical reenactment concentrating on the fur trade with different areas in the period of the Old West (approximately dated between 1800 and 1840). Country Bucks (stylized as Country Buck$) is an American reality television series. Megabucks is a combination of the prefix "mega-" (meaning "million" or another large amount) and "bucks" (meaning dollars), used to denote a large amount of money. Bucksbaum is a German surname meaning box tree. Buckskin may refer to: __NOTOC__ ==Leather== *Buckskin (leather), leather made of buck (i.e. deer) hide *Buckskins, an outfit of buckskin leather ==Horses== *Buckskin (horse), a body color of horses similar to buckskin leather, the animals also have a black mane and tail *Buckskin (racehorse) ==Places== * Buckskin, Indiana *Buckskin Mountains (Arizona) of Arizona *Buckskin Mountains (Arizona-Utah), on the Arizona-Utah border ==Entertainment== *Buckskin (TV series), an American Western television series *Buckskin (film), a 1968 Western film ==People== *Buckskin Frank Leslie (born 1842), American con-man *Peter Buckskin, a member of the SAG group of the Indigenous voice to government in Australia ==Other== *Buckskinning, a branch of historical re- enactment concentrating on the fur trade period of the Old West community in the United States ==See also== *Buckskin Joe, a theme park used as a western movie set between 1957 and 2010 Buckskinners' gatherings are called rendezvous after the large "Rendezvous" held during the years when beaver fur hats were the height of fashion, and beaver pelts commanded high prices. Many buckskinners also participate in other historical reenactment groups, particularly those involving antique and replica firearms, such as American Civil War and Revolutionary War reenactment. Buckskinning grew out of the increased interest in gunpowder and muzzleloader firearms in the last decades of the 20th century. Megabucks may also refer to: == Lottery games == * Megabucks, operated by the Oregon Lottery * Megabucks, operated by the Wisconsin Lottery * Megabucks Doubler, operated by the Massachusetts Lottery * Tri-State Megabucks Plus, operated by the Tri-State Lottery in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont == Other == * The Mega Bucks, professional wrestling team of Ted DiBiase and André the Giant in the unsanctioned Million Dollar Championship * Megabucks (slot machine), a brand of linked progressive jackpot slot machines * A fictional currency in the Illuminati card game Notable people with the surname include: *John Bucksbaum (born c. 1957), American businessman *Martin Bucksbaum (c. 1920-1995), American businessman *Matthew Bucksbaum (1926–2013), American businessman *Melva Bucksbaum (1933–2015), American art collector, curator and patron of the arts *Philip H. Bucksbaum (born 1953), American physicist ==See also== *Buxbaum *Buchsbaum Category:Jewish surnames There are competitions in marksmanship with muzzle-loading firearms, bows, tomahawks and knife throwing, demonstrations of period skills, and commerce in goods related to the hobby. ==External links== *Buckskinning.org *National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association * Category:Reenactment of the late modern period Category:Historical reenactment by period Participants may choose to portray mountain men, American Indians, traders, missionaries, or anybody else who might have been in the Rocky Mountains between 1800 and 1840. The series premiered on November 19, 2014, on A&E.; ==Series overview== ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2014)=== ===Season 2 (2015)=== ==References== ==External links== * Category:2010s American reality television series Category:2014 American television series debuts Category:2015 American television series endings Category:Television series by Matador Content Category:A&E; (TV network) original programming At a rendezvous, everybody is expected to dress in styles appropriate to the period, as far as possible, and authenticity in all things is encouraged, consistent with health and modern law. Big bucks may refer to: *A large amount of money *Big Bucks Trivia, a game *Big Buck Hunter, another game *Big Buck's, National Hunt racehorse Big bucks may refer to: *A large amount of money *Big Bucks Trivia, a game *Big Buck Hunter, another game *Big Buck's, National Hunt racehorse Big bucks may refer to: *A large amount of money *Big Bucks Trivia, a game *Big Buck Hunter, another game *Big Buck's, National Hunt racehorse Big bucks may refer to: *A large amount of money *Big Bucks Trivia, a game *Big Buck Hunter, another game *Big Buck's, National Hunt racehorse Big bucks may refer to: *A large amount of money *Big Bucks Trivia, a game *Big Buck Hunter, another game *Big Buck's, National Hunt racehorse Big bucks may refer to: *A large amount of money *Big Bucks Trivia, a game *Big Buck Hunter, another game *Big Buck's, National Hunt racehorse Big bucks may refer to: *A large amount of money *Big Bucks Trivia, a game *Big Buck Hunter, another game *Big Buck's, National Hunt racehorse

"Buck" was originally short for "buckskin"

None of the above

The word "buck" comes from the German word "buk" which means "goat"

From a name for slaves

The word buck comes from calling African slaves "bucks"

A

Where did the word "pom" originally stand for?

*The New Oxford American Dictionary (third edition, 2010) gives the spelling as "pom-pom." Pom is an Eastern Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on Miosnum Island in Cenderawasih Bay west of Serui Island, in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, northeastern Indonesia. A pom-pom - also spelled pom-pon, pompom or pompon - is a decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material. right The Port of Melbourne Corporation (PoMC) is a statutory body established by the Victorian Government to develop and manage the Port of Melbourne, Australia's busiest container port. Pozm or Pazm (), also known as Puzm or Puzim, may refer to: * Pozm-e Machchan * Pozm-e Tiab Pom-pom, also called a pom or cheerleading pom, is derived from the French word pompon, which refers to a small decorative ball made of fabric or feathers. Pom-poms are shaken by cheerleaders, pom or dance teams, and sports fans during spectator sports. ==Spelling and etymology== *Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) gives the spelling as "pompon." *Webster's New World College Dictionary (fourth edition) gives the spelling as "pompom." Ten Pound Poms (or Ten Pound tourists) is a colloquial term used in Australia and New Zealand to describe British citizens who migrated to Australia and New Zealand after the Second World War. Pom-poms are also waved by sports fans, primarily at college and high school sports events in the United States. *The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th edition, 2011) gives the spelling as "pompom" or "pompon." POU or pou may refer to: ==People== * Pou (surname), a surname * Chu Pou (303–350), Chinese general and politician * Pou Temara (born 1948), New Zealand Māori academic ==Codes== * POU, IATA airport code and FAA location identifier for Hudson Valley Regional Airport, New York, United States * POU, Amtrak station code for Poughkeepsie station, a rail station in Poughkeepsie, New York, United States * pou, deprecated ISO 639-3 code for the Southern Poqomam language, spoken in Guatemala ==Other uses== * Pou (video game), a 2012 video game * Pou (deity), a Moriori deity. The dance teams may also use pom-poms occasionally, but many high school dance teams are now referred to as "Poms" squads. The pom-poms on top kept the sailors from bonking their heads on the low passageways on ships. ==Sports and cheerleading== Cheerleaders use pom-poms at sports events for six main reasons: *to attract the attention of the spectators *to accentuate movements *to add "sparkle" to a cheer, chant, or dance routine *to distract the opposing team *to spell out team's name or "go" *to use semaphore thumb|A group performance using pom-poms|alt=|left Most often, pom-poms are used in pairs (one in each hand), but this may vary with the particular requirements of the choreography of a dance or cheer. These dances occasionally use different colored pom-poms and outfits to convey a theme and the dance team will create pictures from their pom-poms that relate to this theme. thumb|Fans at Australian rules football matches wave floggers behind the goals to signify that a goal was scored ===Flogger=== In Australia, the term "flogger" is sometimes used rather than "pom-pom". The colour of its pom-pom denotes the wearer's rank. Pom-poms have also come to be included in dance competitions in the United States. In many states, "Pom" or "Open Pom" is considered its own style of dance during competitions. Floggers are an important part of Australian rules football culture and cheer- squads. ==Clothing== thumb|Greek Presidential Guard shoes Small pom-poms may be used to adorn hats (such as Tam o' Shanters, where it is known as a "toorie", and some styles of the tuque), socks, fringed dresses, and other kinds of clothing. Red pom-poms form a conspicuous part of the uniform of French naval personnel, being sewn onto the crown of their round sailor caps. While the term "Ten Pound Pom" is in common use, the scheme was not limited to migrants from the United Kingdom.

None of the above

The word "pom" originally stood for "Port of Melbourne"

"Port of Melbourne"

Nothing because the word "pom" is not an acronym

E

Where did the phrase "the whole nine yards" come from?

"The whole nine yards" or "the full nine yards" is a colloquial American English phrase meaning "everything, the whole lot" or, when used as an adjective, "all the way", as in, "The Army came out and gave us the whole nine yards on how they use space systems."Whole, adj., n., and adv., C2, compound whole nine yards, Oxford English Dictionary (OED Online version Marc 2013) (citing Aviation Week 7 March 1983, 46/2). In 1986, the phrase was added to the Oxford English Dictionary with the earliest citation given as 1970.Whole, adj., n., and adv., C2, compound whole nine yards, Oxford English Dictionary (OED Online version March 2013). In other uses from this time period, the phrase was given as the whole six yards. The six-yard form of the phrase also appears in a 1917 Arkansas paper ("...he may write me personally and I'll give him the whole six yards.");Found via Newspapers.com, "Batesville Guard," Batesville, AR, March 23, 1917). https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83024903/the-whole-six-yards- mar-23-1917-bates/ a South Carolina newspaper headline;, in a Lawrenceville, Georgia newspaper in 1922, and in the text of a 1927 Missouri paper ("we heard the whole six yards--where did you lose your letter?").Found via Newspapers.com, "The Houston Herald" (Houston, Missouri), December 15, 1927, page 6. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84799864/ Post-war usages of "the whole/full nine yards" have been found between 1946 and 1951 in a Lexington, Kentucky newspaper and in a 1956 issue of Kentucky Happy Hunting Ground, where it appears in an article on fishing. * Bonnie Taylor-Blake, noting that several early examples are in the form "give" or "tell" the whole nine (or six) yards, has suggested that the idiom likely relied on "yards" as "lengthy or thorough presentation [of news, anecdotes, play-by-play, etc.]"Bonnie Taylor-Blake, Front-page New York Times story on "The Whole Nine Yards", ADS-L (December 27, 2012) . The phrase is related to the expression the whole six yards, used around the same time in Kentucky and South Carolina. This may explain why so many different types of cloth or garments have been said to have been nine yards long. * One explanation is that World War II (1939–1945) aircraft machine gun belts were nine yards long. The phrase "...she has put the whole nine yards into one shirt" appears in 1855. * Another common explanation is that "nine yards" is a cubic measure and refers to the volume of a concrete mixer. The Whole Nine Yards is a 2000 American crime comedy film directed by Jonathan Lynn and distributed by Warner Bros. After describing the contests and prizes, the author writes, "So that's the whole nine-yards." The idiom was used three more times in the Mitchell Commercial over the next seven years, in the forms give him the whole nine yards (i.e., tell someone a big story),Mitchell Commercial, p. 3, col. 5 (June 4, 1908). take the whole nine yards (i.e., take everything),"Third Term Superstition", Mitchell Commercial p. 2, col. 2 (October 10, 1912). and settled the whole nine yards (i.e., resolved everything)."Story of a Green Basket," Mitchell Commercial p. 1, col. 5 (November 26, 1914). In 2013, Taylor-Blake posted her discovery of the Mitchell Commercial uses from the 1907–1914 period.Bonnie Taylor-Blake, The whole nine yards (1908, 1912, 1914), ADS-L (September 6, 2013) .Bonnie Taylor- Blake, The full nine yards (1907), ADS-L (September 6, 2013). . ==Origin== There is still no consensus on the origin, though many early published quotations are now available for study. Based on the etymology of the other "yard", some suggest it originally derived from the girth of a person's waist, while others believe it originated as a cubic measure. However, an article published in Comments on Etymology demonstrates that fabric was routinely sold in standard lengths of nine yards (and other multiples of three yards) during the 1800s and early 1900s. The eighth of a yard (4.5 inches) was sometimes called a finger, but was more commonly referred to simply as an eighth of a yard, while the half-yard (18 inches) was called "half a yard". In 1964, several newspapers published a syndicated story which explained that "Give 'em the whole nine yards" was NASA talk for an item-by-item report. However, the Vickers gun as fitted to aircraft during the First World War usually had ammunition containers capable of accommodating linked belts of 350-400 rounds, the average length of such a belt being about nine yards, and it was thought that this may be the origin of the phrase. The regular nine is going to play the > business men as many innings as they can stand, but we can not promise the > full nine yards."Baseball", Mitchell Commercial, p. 2,col. 3 (May 2, 1907). The quarter of a yard (9 inches) was known as the "quarter" without further qualification, while the sixteenth of a yard (2.25 inches) was called a nail. Other units related to the yard, but not specific to cloth measurement: two yards are a fathom, a quarter of a yard (when not referring to cloth) is a span. ==Conversions== * international yard (defined 1959): :1250 (international) yards = 1143 meters :1 (international) yard = 0.9144 meters (exact) :1 (international) statute mile = 8 international furlongs = 80 international chains = 1760 (international) yards * pre-1959 US yard – defined 1869, implemented 1893,NIST Guide to the SI – section B.6 U.S. survey foot and mile deprecated 2023 :For survey purposes, certain pre-1959 units were retained, usually prefaced by the word "survey," among them the survey inch, survey foot, and survey mile, also known as the statute mile.

The phrase "the whole nine yards" came from World War 1

The phrase "the whole nine yards" came from World War II fighter pilots in the Pacific

I have no comment

The phrase "the whole nine yards" came from fighter pilots

The phrase "the whole nine yards" came from World War II

C

What did SOS originally stand for?

SOS is a public charitable organization which operates through Local Chapter Committees supported by a Provincial Board of Directors and Provincial Executive. ==Mission== Save Ontario Shipwrecks's mission is to study, preserve and promote an appreciation of Ontario's marine heritage. Moreover, due to its high-profile use in emergencies, the phrase "SOS" has entered general usage to informally indicate a crisis or the need for action. originated in German government maritime radio regulations adopted effective 1 April 1905. Later in popular usage it became associated with mnemonic phrases such as "Save Our Souls" and "Save Our Ship"."S O S", The Sailors' Magazine and Seaman's Friend, October 1915, page 158. Save Our Springs Alliance (SOS), originally called the Save Our Springs Legal Defense Fund, was a nonprofit corporation created to protect the citizen- drafted SOS Ordinance of 1992 to conserve Barton Springs in Austin, Texas. Save Ontario Shipwrecks (SOS) is a Provincial Heritage Organization in Ontario, Canada. SOS, was formed in 1981 to change that mentality. thumb|250px|right|Save Our State logo Save Our State (SOS) is an activist organization opposed to illegal immigration in California. Save Our Shores (SOS) is a marine conservation nonprofit dedicated to "foster thriving and sustainable ecosystems in the Monterey Bay and surrounding habitats through equitable environmental action.” SOS lobbies government to develop resource management initiatives which balance study, preservation and use. ==History== SOS was incorporated in February 1981 with Rick Jackson, Andrew Garay and Gain Wong as the first directors. Although SOS was originally centered in Toronto, it is currently centered Save Ontario Shipwrecks (SOS) in Blenheim, Ontario. Save Ontario Shipwrecks (SOS)'s first Chapters were Save Ontario Shipwrecks-Toronto in Toronto, Niagara, Peterborough and Save Ontario Shipwrecks - Ottawa in Ottawa. In 2005 SOS created the Dive To Preserve program (www.DiveToPreserve.org) which promotes Marine Heritage preservation through Low Impact diving, site stewardship, and reporting of site conditions. By 1986, SOS had a definite Board of Directors, with Officers and an Executive Committee to manage the day-to-day affairs of the corporation. ==Projects== SOS projects are designed to protect dive sites, and communicate to the public. In formal notation is written with an overscore line, to indicate that the Morse code equivalents for the individual letters of "SOS" are transmitted as an unbroken sequence of three dots / three dashes / three dots, with no spaces between the letters.U.S. Navy, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Radioman 3 & 2, NAVPERS 10228-B, Washington, D.C.: U.S.G.P.O., 1957, pp. 135, 177, 402. SOS chapter sponsored projects include plaques, surveys, buoys, underwater sculpture park and scuba diver training through the Nautical Archaeology Society (NAS). ===Courses=== In 2009, SOS became the licensing authority in Ontario for Nautical Archaeology Society. However, in International Morse, three dots comprise the letter "S", and three dashes the letter "O", and it soon became common to informally refer to the distress signal as "S O S", with the 12 January 1907 Electrical World stating that "Vessels in distress use the special signal, SOS, repeated at short intervals." SOS preserves Ontario's marine heritage through mooring program, site monitoring and documentation activities. In contrast, SOS's tactics are statedly "aggressive", and "in-your- face". SOS works with the diving tourism industry, from the standpoint of site preservation. Today, SOS works with groups in the larger Edwards Region with a collective goal of conserving the Greater Edwards Aquifer Ecosystem, which is now chartered in the "Edwards Aquifer Protection Plan." SOS performs surveys on unidentified wrecks. In some cases the individual letters "S O S" have been spelled out, for example, stamped in a snowbank or formed out of logs on a beach.

SOS originally stood for "Save Our Souls"

SOS did not originally stand for anything

SOS was an acronym

All of the above

SOS originally stood for "Save Our Ship"

B

What are some cities that get more rainfall than Seattle?

However, because Seattle often has merely a light drizzle falling from the sky for many days, it actually receives significantly less rainfall (or other precipitation) overall than many other U.S. cities like New York City, Miami, or Houston. Seattle is one of the five rainiest major U.S. cities as measured by the number of days with precipitation. With many more "rain days" than other major American cities, Seattle has a well-earned reputation for frequent rain. In November, Seattle averages more rainfall than any other U.S. city of more than 250,000 people; it also ranks highly in winter precipitation. Extreme rainfall events have become more frequent over the previous years and this trend is also expected to continue. ==Station data== == Explanatory notes== ==References== Category:Seattle Seattle Due to local variations in microclimate, Seattle also receives significantly lower precipitation than some other locations west of the Cascades. Thunderstorms caused by this activity are usually weak and can occur north and south of town, but Seattle itself rarely receives more than occasional thunder and small hail showers. Seattle generally does not experience many extremes of weather. Seattle typically receives some snowfall on an annual basis but heavy snow is rare. Seattle experiences its heaviest rainfall during November, December, and January, receiving roughly half of its annual rainfall (by volume) during this period. The Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States, due in part to frequent storms and lows moving in from the adjacent Pacific Ocean. In December 2007, a strong windstorm brought hurricane force winds and heavy rain, leading to 5 deaths. ==Climate change== Being a coastal city, Seattle may experience significant effects from rising sea levels. The city of Bremerton, about west of downtown Seattle on the other side of the Puget Sound, receives of precipitation annually. According to various authors, the Portland–Seattle city rivalry is comparable to that of Charlotte and Atlanta, Cincinnati and Columbus, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, San Antonio and Austin, St. Louis and Chicago, or San Francisco and Los Angeles. The climate of Seattle is temperate, classified in the Warm-Summer (in contrast to Hot-Summer) subtype of the Mediterranean zone by the most common climate classification (Köppen: Csb) although some sources put the city in the oceanic zone (Trewartha: Do). Similarly, the city typically receives at least light snowfall every year, though heavy snowfall is uncommon. ==Temperature== The city's regime of temperature features small seasonal swings, due to its proximity to the ocean. West Coast Cold Season Heavy Rainfall Events. One of many exceptions to Seattle's reputation as a damp location occurs in El Niño years, when marine weather systems track as far south as California and less than the usual precipitation falls in the Puget Sound area. The United States West Coast cities of Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon have a city rivalry going back over a century. right|thumb|Rainier Beach and Rainier View Neighborhoods right|thumb|Rainier Beach Neighborhood Rainier Beach ( ) is a set of neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington that are mostly residential. Around to the west, the Hoh Rain Forest in Olympic National Park on the western flank of the Olympic Mountains receives an annual average precipitation of . to the south of Seattle, the state capital Olympia, which is out of the Olympic Mountains' rain shadow, receives an annual average precipitation of . Conversely, the city receives some of the lowest precipitation amounts of any large city from June to September.

It's always raining in Seattle

No cities get more rainfall than Seattle

Seattle gets the most rain

Miami and New Orleans get more rainfall than Seattle

None of the above

D

What are some cities that get less rainfall than Boston?

Massachusetts receives about of rain annually, fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, slightly wetter during the winter. Better understanding of urban temperature and water vapor contributions and/ or loss will reveal the reasons for lower relative humidity within cities, especially since relative humidity is dependent on temperature changes. ==See also== * Air pollution * Urban studies ==References== Category:Climate Category:Physical geography Category:Regional climate effects Category:Urbanization Expansion of these urban areas can lead to higher surface and air temperatures contributing to urban climate. == Precipitation == Because cities are warmer, the warmer air is apt to rise, and if the humidity is high it can cause convectional rainfall – short intense bursts of rain and thunderstorms. South of Boston, convective storms are common in the hot summer months and seasonal rainfall shows a slight summer maximum (though not at all stations). The gusty winds around buildings also leads to eddying. == Humidity == Cities usually have a lower relative humidity than the surrounding air because cities are hotter, and rainwater in cities is unable to be absorbed into the ground to be released into the air by evaporation, and transpiration occurs much less since cities contain little vegetation relative to rural areas. South central Alaska does not get nearly as much rain as the southeast of Alaska, though it does get more snow. Because of the warmer temperatures there is less snow in the city than surrounding areas. == Winds == Wind speeds are often lower in cities than the countryside because the buildings act as barriers (wind breaks). Most locations on the East Coast from Boston northward show a slight winter maximum as winter storms drop heavy precipitation. The climate of Massachusetts is mainly a humid continental climate, with hot, humid summers and cold, snowy winters and abundant precipitation. thumb|right|Average precipitation The characteristics of United States rainfall climatology differ significantly across the United States and those under United States sovereignty. Snowfall can often exceed annually in the higher elevations."New England," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006 == Climate type == Western, central and interior northeastern Massachusetts’ climate is the continental climate type. The climate in urban areas differs from that in neighboring rural areas, as a result of urban development. Distribution of Mesoscale Convective Complex Rainfall in the United States. In general, rainfall amounts are lower on the southern portions of the West coast.Sierra Nevada Photos. Transportation in Boston includes roadway, subway, regional rail, air, and sea options for passenger and freight transit in Boston, Massachusetts. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. ==Gulf Coast and Atlantic Coast south of New England== In general, northern and western portions of this region have a winter/spring maximum in precipitation with late summer/early fall being drier, while southern and eastern portions have a summer maximum and winter/early spring minimum in precipitation. Precipitation has generally increased over land north of 30°N from 1900 to 2005, but declined over the tropics since the 1970s. Alabama has an annual rainfall maximum in winter or spring and a dry summer.Jason C. Elliot. A Rainfall Climatology of the WSO Huntsville Hydrologic Service Area. Boston remains one of the most congested metropolitan areas in the US. With the exception of southern Connecticut, most of New England has a humid continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. West Coast Cold Season Heavy Rainfall Events.

No cities get less rainfall than Boston

San Francisco and Los Angeles get less rainfall than Boston

New York City gets less rainfall than Boston

Houston gets less rainfall than Boston

Miami gets less rainfall than boston

B

Which cities get more snowfall than Montreal?

Montreal receives plenty of snow throughout the winter season. Montreal receives more sunshine than northern and northwestern Europe, even in locations at similar or even somewhat farther south latitudes, especially during winter. === Precipitation === The city's average annual precipitation is , including of rain and of snow. That year, Montreal received more rain than Vancouver, British Columbia.Montreal Monthly Data Report for 2006 Montreal is ranked 160 out of 190 world cities in the 2018 STC Climate index, a ranking of the best climates to live and work in.The STC 2018 Climate Index === Winter === Winter in Montreal is usually cold and snowy, and can be windy at times. Despite plenty of snow during winter, Montreal is seeing an increasing amount of rain rather than snow during the winter. Some ski resorts and unofficial weather stations report higher amounts of snowfall than places on this list. The list of snowiest places in the United States by state shows average annual snowfall totals for the period from mid-1985 to mid-2015. Higher elevations and cities northeast of Vancouver, such as Coquitlam, received over of snow with each of the storms. Precipitation occurs between 13 and 17 days per month, including an average of 59 days of snowfall. === Spring === Spring in Montreal ranges from chilly to warm to very occasionally, hot weather. Vancouver experienced many snowfalls including snowstorms on December 21st and on the 24th, breaking daily snowfall records. *The North American blizzard of 2006, which delivered record snowfall to New York City *The Early Winter 2006 North American Storm Complex affected parts of southern Canada in December *The December 20-21, 2006 Colorado Blizzard struck Colorado and some surrounding areas on December 20-21 *The October Surprise Storm in Western New York In fact, Vancouver would be the Canadian city with the greatest snow depth for the Christmas Day of 2008. Areas like Toronto saw over in December and near Lake Huron and Georgian Bay snowfall amounts were in excess of 100+cm. Average yearly snowfall is . Many areas near London, Ontario and near the shorelines of Lake Huron had seen above average snowfall as well. The amount of snow received at weather stations varies substantially from year to year. Montreal has 163 days annually with some rain or snow. New York High Market (West Turin) Syracuse named snowiest city in U.S., annually. 10\. Across the northern half of the valley, snow levels were about 500 feet higher thus resulting in little to no snow accumulating here.An Analysis of the December 17-18, 2008 Snow Event, National Weather Service Las Vegas, NV ==See also== *Global storm activity of 2008 *Hanukkah Eve windstorm of 2006 *Great Coastal Gale of 2007 *Snowstorm ==References== Category:2008 meteorology Category:Natural disasters in Oregon Category:Natural disasters in Washington (state) Category:Natural disasters in British Columbia Category:2008 natural disasters in the United States Category:2008 in British Columbia Category:Pacific Northwest storms Category:December 2008 events in North America Category:2008 in Oregon Category:2008 in Washington (state) Category:2008 disasters in Canada Montreal is the second largest city in Canada and the largest city in the province of Quebec, located along the Saint Lawrence River at its junction with the Ottawa River. Montréal-Nord (Montreal North) is a borough within the city of Montreal, Canada. 30 December 2008. ===Ontario=== Areas of Southern Ontario saw above average snowfall throughout much of December 2008. For example, the annual snowfall at Paradise Ranger Station in Mount Rainier National Park has been as little as in 2014-2015 and as much as in 1971–1972. thumb|250px|right|Mount Rainier thumb|250px|right|Skiing Mount Washington thumb|250px|right|A Chicago snowstorm in 2011 thumb|250px|right|Clearing a highway after a heavy snowfall in Oregon Weather stations with highest snowfall in the United States by state, 1985-2015 State Place Average annual snowfall"The snowiest place in each state," The Weather Channel, accessed 23 Apr 2019. elevation of weather station Google Earth coordinates Other snowy areas (limited or unofficial data) and notes 1\.

New York City gets more snowfall than Montreal

Quebec City and St. John's get more snowfall than Montreal

Montreal gets the most snow

Toronto gets more snowfall than Montreal

Nowhere gets more snowfall than Montreal

B

London gets much more rain than which big cities?

Expansion of these urban areas can lead to higher surface and air temperatures contributing to urban climate. == Precipitation == Because cities are warmer, the warmer air is apt to rise, and if the humidity is high it can cause convectional rainfall – short intense bursts of rain and thunderstorms. Better understanding of urban temperature and water vapor contributions and/ or loss will reveal the reasons for lower relative humidity within cities, especially since relative humidity is dependent on temperature changes. ==See also== * Air pollution * Urban studies ==References== Category:Climate Category:Physical geography Category:Regional climate effects Category:Urbanization Because of the warmer temperatures there is less snow in the city than surrounding areas. == Winds == Wind speeds are often lower in cities than the countryside because the buildings act as barriers (wind breaks). The gusty winds around buildings also leads to eddying. == Humidity == Cities usually have a lower relative humidity than the surrounding air because cities are hotter, and rainwater in cities is unable to be absorbed into the ground to be released into the air by evaporation, and transpiration occurs much less since cities contain little vegetation relative to rural areas. In January 2023, London Mayor Sadiq Khan issued a "very high" air-pollution alert and urged citizens to avoid unnecessary car journeys as the city grappled with high levels of pollution, according to AQI website, which stated that London's air quality index stood at 58, considered moderate. == Classifications == ==Climate data tables== ===London Weather Centre === ===St James's Park - Weather Station near the centre of London=== ===Heathrow - Airport Weather Station in the suburbs of West London=== === Kew Gardens - Weather Station in South West London on the banks of the River Thames === ===Hampstead - Weather Station in North London=== The weather station enclosure is the most elevated of any in the London area, and as a result daytime temperatures are typically one degree lower than Heathrow, Kew, Northolt and Greenwich. ===Northolt - Airfield Weather Station in the North West of London=== Temperature extremes range from in August 2003, down to in January 1962. ===Greenwich - Weather Station in South East London near the river Thames=== ===Average UV index=== Ultraviolet indexAverage UV index London, United Kingdom – weather-atlas.com Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 1 1 2 4 5 6 6 5 4 2 1 0 3.4 ==See also== *River Thames frost fairs *Climate of the United Kingdom ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== *BBC Weather - Forecast for London *Met Office - Forecast for London Climate Category:Climate of England Category:Climate by city The climate in urban areas differs from that in neighboring rural areas, as a result of urban development. Increased warming within urban heat islands leads to an increase in rainfall downwind of cities.Illinois State Water Survey. There has been an increase in the number of heavy precipitation events over many areas during the past century, as well as an increase since the 1970s in the prevalence of droughts—especially in the tropics and subtropics. However, secondary cities - small to medium size cities (500,000 to 1 million) are rapidly increasing in number and are some of the fastest growing urbanizing areas in the world further contributing to climate change impacts. Within urban settings, multiple climate and non-climate hazards impact cities which magnify the damages done to human health. The increase of urban population growth is one of the main factors in air-quality problems. While cities create some problems, it is important to realize that the denser population creates less carbon emissions which benefits climate change. thumb|right|Average precipitation The characteristics of United States rainfall climatology differ significantly across the United States and those under United States sovereignty. The city can sometimes experience extremes. The study of urban climate is urban climatology. Cities and regions are also particularly vulnerable to climate-related hazards and pollution. Urban centers will be able to better fend for themselves in the heat of climatic disturbances when responsiveness and resourcefulness is collectively achieved in an effective manner. == Regional and national differences == Cities in different parts of the world face different, unique challenges and opportunities in the face of climate change. Hence, cities have a significant influence on construction and transportation—two of the key contributors to global warming emissions. Because of the high density and effects like the urban heat island affect, weather changes due to climate change are likely to greatly effect cities, exacerbating existing problems, such as air pollution, water scarcity, and heat illness in the metropolitan areas. Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change, and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the environmental impact of humans. Precipitation has generally increased over land north of 30°N from 1900 to 2005, but declined over the tropics since the 1970s. Cities in the United States that are heavily industrialized, such as Los Angeles, are responsible for a large number of greenhouse emissions due to the amount of transportation needed for millions of people living in one city.

London gets much more rain than Chicago

London gets much more rain than New York City

London gets much more rain than Paris

London gets much more rain than Los Angeles and Madrid

None of the above

D