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http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p12 | ^ "20 Emo Albums That Have Resolutely Stood The Test Of Time" . NME . January 14, 2015. Archived from the original on August 16, 2015 . Retrieved July 29, 2015 . ^ Rousseau, Rob (February 23, 2016). "The 13 best albums from the emo/pop-punk boom" . On the A Side . Archived from the original on February 22, 2018 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ Ritacco, Robby (May 15, 2014). "Weezer, Descendents, The Get Up Kids and more to perform their seminal albums in full at US Riot Fest" . The Line of Best Fit . Archived from the original on February 25, 2019 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ "Rock Sound's 101 Modern Classics: 101 - 75" . Rock Sound . June 27, 2012. Archived from the original on April 10, 2016 . Retrieved July 6, 2015 . ^ Napier ed. 2019, p. 52 Sources Beaujon, Andrew (December 1999). "American Football: American Football / The Get Up Kids: Something to Write Home About" . Spin . 15 (12). ISSN 0886-3032 . Heisel, Scott; Simpson, Greg (August 19, 2016). "Best Midwestern – Episode 37 – Something to Write Home About" . Punknews.org (Podcast). CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list ( link ) "The Get Up Kids: Something to Write Home About". Melody Maker . April 11, 2000. ISSN 0025-9012 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p13 | Napier, Patrick, ed. (April 2019). "The 250 Greatest Albums Of Our Lifetime". Rock Sound . London (250). ISSN 1465-0185 . "The Get Up Kids: Something to Write Home About". Record Collector . ISSN 0261-250X . It's music as catharsis -- pure, visceral and honest, just as music should be. Shea, Mike (November 25, 2009). "AP Podcast: The Business Behind the Music – #46 The Get Up Kids" . Alternative Press (Podcast). Soults, Franklin (2004). Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian David (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th. ed.). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743201698 . v t e The Get Up Kids Matthew Pryor Jim Suptic Rob Pope Ryan Pope James Dewees Nathan Shay Thomas Becker Studio albums Four Minute Mile Something to Write Home About On a Wire Guilt Show There Are Rules Problems EPs Woodson Red Letter Day iTunes Session EP Simple Science Kicker Split 7" The Get Up Kids / Coalesce The Get Up Kids / Braid The Get Up Kids / The Anniversary The Get Up Kids / Rocket From the Crypt Compilation albums Eudora Live albums Live! @ the Granada Theater Singles " Shorty " " A Newfound Interest in Massachusetts " " Ten Minutes " " Action & Action " " Wouldn't Believe It " " Automatic " Labels Vagrant Doghouse Polyvinl Side projects Reggie and the Full Effect |
http://web.archive.org/web/20190830054147id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Write_Home_About_p14 | The New Amsterdams Blackpool Lights The Terrible Twos Spoon White Whale Related articles Discography Emo Ed Rose Black Lodge Studios NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1323 Cached time: 20190827094454 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.980 seconds Real time usage: 1.140 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4679/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 143248/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5381/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/40 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 144568/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.442/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6.68 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 986.509 1 -total 39.13% 386.007 1 Template:Reflist 33.31% 328.601 39 Template:Cite_web 19.45% 191.886 2 Template:Albumchart 17.30% 170.641 1 Template:Infobox_album 10.80% 106.509 2 Template:Infobox 5.71% 56.314 4 Template:Cite_journal 4.25% 41.893 1 Template:Album_ratings 3.71% 36.562 1 Template:Short_description 2.99% 29.530 1 Template:Singles Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:195311-0!canonical and timestamp 20190827094453 and revision id 909421011 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Something_to_Write_Home_About&oldid=909421011 " Categories : The Get Up Kids albums 1999 albums Vagrant Records albums Hidden categories: Articles with short description Articles with hAudio microformats CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store |
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http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p0 | John Money - Wikipedia CentralNotice John Money From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For the aeronaut, see John Money (aeronaut) . Psychologist, sexologist and author John Money Born John William Money ( 1921-07-08 ) 8 July 1921 Morrinsville , New Zealand Died 7 July 2006 (2006-07-07) (aged 84) Towson, Maryland , U.S. Scientific career Fields Psychology John William Money (8 July 1921 – 7 July 2006) was a New Zealand American psychologist , sexologist and author specializing in research into sexual identity and biology of gender . He was one of the first researchers to publish theories on the influence of societal constructs of " gender " on individual formation of gender identity . Money introduced the terms gender identity , gender role and sexual orientation and popularised the term paraphilia . [1] [2] Recent academic studies have criticized Money's work in many respects, particularly in regard to his involvement with the involuntary sex-reassignment of the child David Reimer , [3] his forcing this child and his brother to simulate sex acts which Money photographed [4] and the adult suicides of both brothers. [4] Money's writing has been translated into many languages and includes around 2,000 articles, books, chapters and reviews. He received around 65 honors, awards and degrees in his lifetime. [1] He was also a patron of many famous New Zealand artists, such as Rita Angus and Theo Schoon . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p1 | Contents 1 Biography 2 Sexological books 2.1 Sexual identity, gender identity and gender roles 2.2 Gay, Straight and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation 3 Controversies 3.1 Sex reassignment of David Reimer 3.2 Pedophilia opinions 4 Works 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Biography [ edit ] Born in Morrinsville , New Zealand, to a family of English and Welsh descent, [5] Money initially studied psychology at Victoria University of Wellington , [6] graduating with a double master's degree in psychology and education in 1944. [7] Money was a junior member of the psychology faculty at the University of Otago in Dunedin, but in 1947, at the age of 26, he emigrated to the United States to study at the Psychiatric Institute of the University of Pittsburgh . He left Pittsburgh and earned his PhD from Harvard University in 1952. He was married briefly in the 1950s but had no children. Money proposed and developed several theories and related terminology, including gender identity , gender role , [8] gender-identity/role and lovemap . He popularized the term paraphilia (appearing in the DSM-III ) which would later replace perversions and introduced the term sexual orientation in place of sexual preference , arguing that attraction is not necessarily a matter of free choice. [1] [2] Money was a professor of pediatrics and medical psychology at Johns Hopkins University from 1951 until his death. He also established the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic in 1965 along with Claude Migeon who was the head of pediatric endocrinology at Johns Hopkins. The hospital began performing sexual reassignment surgery in 1966. [9] At Johns Hopkins, Money was also involved with the Sexual Behaviors Unit, which ran studies on sex-reassignment surgery . He received the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal in 2002 from the German Society for Social-Scientific Sexuality Research . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p2 | Money was an early supporter of New Zealand's arts, both literary and visual. Author Janet Frame attended some of Money's classes at the University of Otago as part of her teacher training. In October 1945, after Frame wrote an essay mentioning her thoughts of suicide, [10] John Money facilitated Frame's committal to the psychiatric ward at Dunedin Public Hospital leading to eight years in psychiatric institutions. [11] Money is referred to in Frame's autobiography An Angel At My Table as John Forrest. [12] In 2002, as his Parkinson's disease worsened, Money donated a substantial portion of his art collection to the Eastern Southland Art Gallery in Gore, New Zealand . [13] In 2003, the New Zealand Prime Minister, Helen Clark, opened the John Money wing at the Eastern Southland Gallery. [14] Money died 7 July 2006, one day before his 85th birthday, in Towson, Maryland , [15] of complications from Parkinson's disease . [16] Sexological books [ edit ] Money was the co-editor of a 1969 book "Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment", which helped bring more acceptance to sexual reassignment surgery and transgender individuals. Sexual identity, gender identity and gender roles [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "John Money" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( March 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p3 | Further information: Sexual identity , Gender identity , and Gender role Money introduced numerous definitions related to gender in journal articles in the 1950s, many of them as a result of his studies of Hermaphroditism. Money's definition of gender is based on his understanding of sex differences among human beings. According to Money, the fact that one sex produces ova and the other sex produces sperm is the irreducible criterion of sex difference. However, there are other sex-derivative differences that follow in the wake of this primary dichotomy. These differences involve the way urine is expelled from the human body and other questions of sexual dimorphism . According to Money's theory, sex-adjunctive differences are typified by the smaller size of females and their problems in moving around while nursing infants. This then makes it more likely that the males do the roaming and hunting. Sex-arbitrary differences are those that are purely conventional: for example, color selection (baby blue for boys, pink for girls ). Some of the latter differences apply to life activities, such as career opportunities for men versus women. Finally, Money created the now-common term gender role which he differentiated from the concept of the more traditional terminology sex role . This grew out of his studies of hermaphrodites. According to Money, the genitalia and erotic sexual roles were now, by his definition, to be included under the more general term "gender role" including all the non-genital and non-erotic activities that are defined by the conventions of society to apply to males or to females. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p4 | In his studies of hermaphrodites, Money found that there are six variables that define sex. While in the average person all six would line up unequivocally as either all "male" or "female", in hermaphrodites any one or more than one of these could be inconsistent with the others, leading to various kinds of anomalies. In his seminal 1955 paper he defined these factors as: [17] assigned sex and sex of rearing external genital morphology internal reproductive structures hormonal and secondary sex characteristics gonadal sex chromosomal sex and added, "Patients showing various combinations and permutations of these six sexual variables may be appraised with respect to a seventh variable: 7. Gender role and orientation as male or female, established while growing up." [17] He then defined gender role as "all those things that a person says or does to disclose himself or herself as having the status of boy or man, girl or woman, respectively. It includes, but is not restricted to sexuality in the sense of eroticism. Gender role is appraised in relation to the following: general mannerisms, deportment and demeanor; play preferences and recreational interests; spontaneous topics of talk in unprompted conversation and casual comment; content of dreams, daydreams and fantasies; replies to oblique inquiries and projective tests; evidence of erotic practices, and, finally, the person's own replies to direct inquiry." [17] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p5 | Money made the concept of gender a broader, more inclusive concept than one of masculine/feminine. For him, gender included not only one's status as a man or a woman, but was also a matter of personal recognition, social assignment, or legal determination; not only on the basis of one's genitalia but also on the basis of somatic and behavioral criteria that go beyond genital differences. In 1972, Money presented his theories in Man & Woman, Boy & Girl , a college-level, mainstream textbook. The book featured David Reimer (see below) as an example of gender reassignment. Gay, Straight and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation [ edit ] This article includes inline citations , but they are not properly formatted . Please improve this article by correcting them . ( March 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This section may be confusing or unclear to readers . In particular, there are terms in this section that require explanation as they are technical jargon used in Money's theoretical conceptualizing and do not have broad understanding. Please help us clarify the section . There might be a discussion about this on the talk page . ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In this book (Oxford 1988: 116), Money develops a conception of ' bodymind ' as a way for scientists, in developing a science about sexuality, to move on from the platitudes of dichotomy between nature versus nurture , innate versus the acquired, biological versus the social, and psychological versus the physiological. He suggests that all of these capitalize on the ancient, pre-Platonic, pre-biblical conception of body versus the mind, and the physical versus the spiritual. In coining the term "bodymind", in this sense, Money wishes to move beyond these very ingrained principles of our folk or vernacular psychology. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p6 | Money also develops here (Oxford 1988: 114–119) a view of "Concepts of Determinism," which, transcultural, transhistorical, and universal, all people have in common, sexologically or otherwise. These include pairbondage, troopbondage, abidance, ycleptance, foredoomance, with these coping strategies: adhibition (engagement), inhibition, explication. Money suggests that the concept of threshold (Oxford 1988: 115) – the release or inhibition of sexual (or other) behavior – is most useful for sex research as a substitute for any concept of motivation. Moreover, it confers the distinct advantage of having continuity and unity to what would otherwise be a highly disparate and varied field of research. It also allows for the classification of sexual behavior. For Money, the concept of threshold has great value because of the wide spectrum to which it applies. "It allows one to think developmentally or longitudinally, in terms of stages or experiences that are programmed serially, or hierarchically, or cybernetically (i.e. regulated by mutual feedback)." (Oxford 1988: 116) Controversies [ edit ] Sex reassignment of David Reimer [ edit ] Main article: David Reimer During his professional life, Money was respected as an expert on sexual behavior, especially known for his views that gender was learned rather than innate. However, it was later revealed that his most famous case of David Reimer was fundamentally flawed. [18] In 1966, a botched circumcision left eight-month-old Reimer without a penis. Money persuaded the baby's parents that sex reassignment surgery would be in Reimer's best interest. At the age of 22 months, Reimer underwent an orchidectomy , in which his testicles were surgically removed. He was reassigned to be raised as female and given the name Brenda. Money further recommended hormone treatment, to which the parents agreed. Money then recommended a surgical procedure to create an artificial vagina, which the parents refused. Money published a number of papers reporting the reassignment as successful. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p7 | During subsequent appointments with Reimer and Reimer's twin brother Brian, Money forced the two to rehearse sexual acts, with David playing the bottom role as his brother "[pressed] his crotch against" David's buttocks. Money also forced the two children to strip for "genital inspections", occasionally taking photos. Money justified these acts by claiming that "childhood 'sexual rehearsal play ' " was important for a "healthy adult gender identity". [4] For several years, Money reported on Reimer's progress as the "John/Joan case", describing apparently successful female gender development and using this case to support the feasibility of sex reassignment and surgical reconstruction even in non- intersex cases. Notes by a former student at Money's laboratory state that, during the yearly follow-up visits, Reimer's parents routinely lied to staff about the success of the procedure. Reimer's twin brother, Brian, later developed schizophrenia . [19] David Reimer's case came to international attention in 1997 when he told his story to Milton Diamond , an academic sexologist , who persuaded Reimer to allow him to report the outcome in order to dissuade physicians from treating other infants similarly. [20] Soon after, Reimer went public with his story, and John Colapinto published a widely disseminated and influential account in Rolling Stone magazine in December 1997. [21] On July 1, 2002, [22] Brian was found dead from an overdose of antidepressants. On May 4, 2004, after suffering years of severe depression , financial instability, and marital troubles, [23] David committed suicide by shooting himself in the head with a sawed-off shotgun at the age of 38. Reimer's parents have stated that Money's methodology was responsible for the deaths of both of their sons. [24] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p8 | Money argued that media response to the exposé was due to right-wing media bias and "the antifeminist movement". He said his detractors believed "masculinity and femininity are built into the genes so women should get back to the mattress and the kitchen". [25] However, intersex activists also criticized Money, stating that the unreported failure had led to the surgical reassignment of thousands of infants as a matter of policy. [26] Privately, Money was mortified by the case, colleagues said, and as a rule did not discuss it. [27] Money's own views also developed and changed over the years. [3] [28] [ clarification needed ] Pedophilia opinions [ edit ] John Money was critical in debates on chronophilias , especially pedophilia . He stated that both sexual researchers and the public do not make distinctions between affectional pedophilia and sadistic pedophilia. Money asserted that affectional pedophilia was about love and not sex. If I were to see the case of a boy aged ten or eleven who's intensely erotically attracted toward a man in his twenties or thirties, if the relationship is totally mutual, and the bonding is genuinely totally mutual ... then I would not call it pathological in any way. [29] [30] Money held the view that affectional pedophilia is caused by a surplus of parental love that became erotic, and is not a behavioral disorder. Rather, he took the position that heterosexuality is another example of a societal and therefore superficial, ideological concept. [29] [30] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p9 | Works [ edit ] Money, John. (1952). Hermaphroditism: An Inquiry into the Nature of a Human Paradox . Thesis (Ph.D.), Harvard University . Money, John, and Patricia Tucker. (1975). Sexual Signatures on Being a Man or a Woman. Little Brown & Co: ISBN 0-316-57825-8 Money, John. (1986). Lovemaps: Clinical Concepts of Sexual/Erotic Health and Pathology, Paraphilia, and Gender Transposition in Childhood, Adolescence, and Maturity . New York: Irvington. ISBN 0-8264-0852-4 Money, John. (1988) Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505407-5 Money, John. (1989). Vandalized Lovemaps: Paraphilic Outcome of 7 Cases in Pediatric Sexology . Prometheus Books: ISBN 0-87975-513-X Money, John. (1994). Sex Errors of the Body and Related Syndromes: A Guide to Counseling Children, Adolescents, and Their Families , 2nd ed. Baltimore: P.H. Brooks Publishing Company. ISBN 1-55766-150-2 Money, John. (1995). Gendermaps: Social Constructionism, Feminism, and Sexosophical History . New York: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-0852-4 Money, John, and Anke Ehrhardt. (1996). Man & Woman, Boy & Girl: Gender Identity from Conception to Maturity . Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson. Originally published: 1972 ISBN 0-8018-1406-5 Money, John. (1999). The Lovemap Guidebook: A Definitive Statement . Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-1203-3 References [ edit ] ^ a b c Ehrhardt, Anke A. (August 2007). "John Money, Ph.D.". The Journal of Sex Research . 44 (3): 223–224. doi : 10.1080/00224490701580741 . JSTOR 20620298 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p10 | ^ a b Tosh, Jemma (25 July 2014). Perverse Psychology: The pathologization of sexual violence and transgenderism . Routledge. ISBN 9781317635444 . ^ a b Diamond M, Sigmundson HK (1997). Sex reassignment at birth. Long-term review and clinical implications. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine . 1997 Mar; 151(3):298–304. PMID 9080940 . Full text Archived 26 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine ^ a b c Colapinto 2001b . ^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 24 July 2015 . Retrieved 24 July 2015 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) ^ (10 July 2006) Kiwi sexologist dies in US hospital , The New Zealand Herald ^ "John Money, PhD" . Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality . Retrieved 15 April 2008 . ^ Diamond, Milton. (2004). "Sex, gender, and identity over the years: a changing perspective", Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America . 13: 591–607. PMID 15183375 Full text Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine ^ Bullough, Vern. "The Contributions of John Money: A Personal View". Taylor and Francis, Ltd. JSTOR 3813317 . Cite journal requires |journal= ( help ) ^ "Te.Ara.govt.nz" . Te.Ara.govt.nz . ^ Janet, Frame. "google+books"&oq=An+angel+at+my+table++"google+books"&gs_l=psy-ab.12...8734.17406..18585...0.0..0.229.674.2-3......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71j35i39.vHqvnbfnK_A "An Angel At My Table Autobiography" . Google Books . ^ Janet, Frame. "google+books"&oq=An+angel+at+my+table++"google+books"&gs_l=psy-ab.12...8734.17406..18585...0.0..0.229.674.2-3......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71j35i39.vHqvnbfnK_A "An Angel At My Table" . Google Books . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p11 | ^ Brewington, Kelly (9 July 2006). Dr. John Money 1921–2006: Hopkins pioneer in gender identity . Baltimore Sun ^ "PM opens new wing at Eastern Southland Gallery | Scoop News" . Scoop.co.nz . Retrieved 18 September 2017 . ^ Highleyman, Liz (3 August 2006). "Sex researcher John Money dies" . The Bay Area Reporter . Retrieved 1 March 2009 . ^ Fitzgerald, John Warner (9 July 2006). "Obituaries in the News" . Associated Press via Fox News . Retrieved 1 March 2009 . ^ a b c Money, John; Hampson, Joan G; Hampson, John (October 1955). "An Examination of Some Basic Sexual Concepts: The Evidence of Human Hermaphroditism". Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp . Johns Hopkins University. 97 (4): 301–19. ^ Dr. Money And The Boy With No Penis Retrieved 24 December 2010. ^ "Dr Money and the Boy with No Penis" . BBC . Horizon. BBC. 2005 . Retrieved 27 September 2014 . ^ Diamond, Milton; Sigmundson, HK (March 1997). "Sex reassignment at birth. Long-term review and clinical implications" . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med . 151 (3): 298–304. doi : 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170400084015 . PMID 9080940 . Retrieved 15 May 2013 . ^ Colapinto, John (11 December 1997). "The True Story of John/Joan" . Rolling Stone : 54–97. Archived from the original on 15 August 2000 . Retrieved 27 September 2014 . ^ "Brian Henry Reimer (1965 - 2002) - Find A Grave Memorial" . Findagrave.com . Retrieved 18 September 2017 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p12 | ^ "David Reimer, 38, Subject of the John/Joan Case" . nytimes.com . New York Times. 12 May 2004 . Retrieved 27 September 2014 . ^ "Born a Boy, Raised as a Girl" Documentary, The Learning Channel ^ Walker, Jesse (24 May 2004). The Death of David Reimer: A tale of sex, science, and abuse. Reason ^ Who was David Reimer (also, sadly, known as "John/Joan")? via Intersex Society of North America . Retrieved 10 July 2006. ^ Carey, Benedict (11 July 2006). John William Money, 84, Sexual Identity Researcher, Dies , New York Times ^ Wisniewski AB, Migeon CJ, Gearhart JP, Rock JA, Berkovitz GD, Plotnick LP, Meyer-Bahlburg HF, Money J. Congenital micropenis: long-term medical, surgical and psychosexual follow-up of individuals raised male or female. Hormone Research 2001;56(1–2):3–11. PMID 11815721 Press release Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine ^ a b Interview: John Money. PAIDIKA: The Journal of Paedophilia , Spring 1991, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 5. ^ a b Colapinto, John (December 1997). "The True Story of John / Joan" (PDF) . Rolling Stone . pp. 54–97. Further reading [ edit ] Ehrhardt, Anke A. 'John Money, Ph.D.' Journal of Sex Research 44.3 (2007): 223-224. Downing, Lisa ; Morland, Iain ; Sullivan, Nikki (26 November 2014). Fuckology: Critical Essays on John Money's Diagnostic Concepts . Chicago, Illinois : University of Chicago Press . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191022200543id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Money_p13 | Goldie, Terry (2014). The Man Who Invented Gender: Engaging the Ideas of John Money . Vancouver, British Columbia : University of British Columbia Press . External links [ edit ] Wikiquote has quotations related to: John Money John Money on IMDb John Money Collection via the Kinsey Institute Review of John Colapinto's book on John Money and David Reimer from " The Weekly Standard " Joanne Silberner, The Legacy of Sex Researcher John Money , NPR Authority control BIBSYS : 90956942 BNE : XX1036025 BNF : cb12487211p (data) CiNii : DA00496981 GND : 138182167 ISNI : 0000 0001 1438 8251 LCCN : n79077231 NDL : 00450329 NKC : jx20050701038 NLI : 002099963 NLP : A36125659 NSK : 000124548 NTA : 069251754 SNAC : w6vt2rn7 SUDOC : 034079610 Trove : 1219239 VIAF : 17325475 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 17325475 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1269 Cached time: 20191021180438 Cache expiry: 86400 Dynamic content: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.916 seconds Real time usage: 1.333 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5237/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 91457/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9134/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/40 Expensive parser function count: 25/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88597/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 3/400 Lua time usage: 0.442/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10.98 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) |
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http://web.archive.org/web/20191128130226id_/https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Armstrong-Custer_p0 | George Armstrong Custer | Biography, Battles, Death, & Facts | Britannica ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA SUBSCRIBE Log In · Join Demystified Quizzes #WTFact Lists On This Day Biographies Explore SUBSCRIBE Search Britannica Search Click here to search Fact-checked results at the top of your browser search. Britannica Insights Contents George Armstrong Custer United States military officer Article Media Info Print Print Please select which sections you would like to print: Table Of Contents Cite Feedback Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Select feedback type: Select a type (Required) Factual Correction Spelling/Grammar Correction Link Correction Additional Information Other Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! Share SHARE Facebook Twitter Introduction & Quick Facts America’s top Indian fighter Battle of the Little Bighorn Legacy George Armstrong Custer United States military officer Written By: Gregory J.W. Urwin See Article History [BEFORE-ARTICLE] George Armstrong Custer , (born December 5, 1839, New Rumley, Ohio , U.S.—died June 25, 1876, Little Bighorn River, Montana Territory), U.S. cavalry officer who distinguished himself in the American Civil War (1861–65) but later led his men to death in one of the most controversial battles in U.S. history, the Battle of the Little Bighorn . [P1] Custer, George Armstrong George Armstrong Custer, photograph by Mathew Brady, c. 1860s. © Everett Historical/Shutterstock.com [AM1] Although born in Ohio, Custer spent part of his youth in the home of his half sister and brother-in-law in Monroe , Michigan . After graduating from McNeely Normal School (later Hopedale Normal College) in Ohio in 1856, he taught school before matriculating at the U.S. Military Academy , from which he graduated last in his class in June 1861. Having entered the army as a second lieutenant at the start of the Civil War, Custer saw action at the First Battle of Bull Run (July 21, 1861). Later, catching the eye of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , the commander of the Union Army of the Potomac, Custer joined that important officer’s staff and developed contacts with many senior commanders. In 1863, at age 23, he became a brigadier general of U.S. Volunteers, leading the Michigan Cavalry Brigade, which consisted of four regiments from his adopted home state. Dubbed the “Boy General,” Custer distinguished himself in numerous encounters, including the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863), the Battle of Yellow Tavern (May 11, 1864), and the Third Battle of Winchester (September 19, 1864), which led to his rise to division command and promotion to major general before he turned age 25. During the closing days of the war, his relentless pursuit of the Army of Northern Virginia and Gen. Robert E. Lee helped to hasten their surrender at Appomattox Court House , Virginia, on April 9, 1865. [P2] [AM2] [MOD2] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191128130226id_/https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Armstrong-Custer_p1 | [H2] America’s top Indian fighter With the end of the Civil War, the citizen soldiers of the U.S. Volunteers disbanded. Custer reverted to the rank of captain in the regular army, though he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and became acting commander of the newly formed 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment. In 1866 Custer and his 7th Cavalry reported to western Kansas to take part in Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock ’s expedition to awe hostile Plains Indians with the military strength of the U.S. Army. Unable to adapt successfully to Indian warfare, Custer began acting erratically. He ordered deserters shot without trial. Instead of waiting for supplies to be loaded at Fort Wallace, he abandoned his regiment and went to Fort Riley to visit his wife. A court-martial at Fort Leavenworth found Custer guilty of misconduct in 1867 and suspended him from rank and pay for one year. [P3] Custer, George Armstrong George Armstrong Custer, undated engraving. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. [AM3] [MOD3] Custer and his wife, Elizabeth (Libbie) Bacon Custer, were deeply committed to each other and wrote long passionate letters when separated. They were partners in Custer’s romantic pursuit of glory and fame, acting the roles of the cavalier and his lady. Custer was said to have had a theatrical presence and sensibility. He perfumed his cascading blond hair and augmented his often specialized uniforms (ranging from a brocaded velveteen jacket during the Civil War to a frontiersman’s buckskins in the West) with a red tie and a large broad-brimmed hat (which also protected his fair skin from sunburn). [P4] [AM4] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191128130226id_/https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Armstrong-Custer_p2 | Get unlimited ad-free access to all Britannica’s trusted content. Subscribe Today The army’s inability to subdue the Plains Indians led Custer’s superiors to give a soldier with his aggressive instincts a second chance. They returned him to duty before his court-martial sentence expired, and in September 1868 he rejoined the 7th Cavalry in southwestern Kansas. In November his command surprised and destroyed the Southern Cheyenne chief Black Kettle’s village on the Washita River . (Black Kettle and his people had already been the target of a controversial surprise attack by the army in 1864 known as the Sand Creek Massacre .) This somewhat dubious success—the majority of the Indians are thought to have been women, children, and older people rather than warriors—was the army’s first major victory over the Southern Plains tribes following the Civil War, and it established Custer’s reputation as America’s top Indian fighter, which he retained well after other army officers’ exploits had surpassed his. [P5] [AM5] [MOD5] In 1874 Custer led an expedition to investigate rumours of gold deposits in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory (now in western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming). The region had been recognized by treaty as the sacred hunting ground of the powerful Lakota Sioux . Custer’s exaggerated reports sparked a gold rush , however, and the U.S. government directed that the Sioux and their Northern Cheyenne allies move onto reservations by January 31, 1876, or be deemed “hostile.” [P6] Custer's Black Hills expedition camp George A. Custer's camp at Hidden Wood Creek during his Black Hills expedition, 1874. National Archives, Washington, D.C. [AM6] [MOD6] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191128130226id_/https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Armstrong-Custer_p3 | [END-OF-CONTENT] [AFTER-ARTICLE] George Armstrong Custer Quick Facts View Media Page born December 5, 1839 New Rumley , Ohio died June 25, 1876 (aged 36) Little Bighorn River , Montana role in American Civil War Plains Wars Battle of the Little Bighorn Battle of Appomattox Court House Load Next Page George Armstrong Custer Additional Information More About Additional Reading External Websites American Battlefield Trust - Biography of George Armstrong Custer Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society - Biography of George Armstrong Custer Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Biography Of Major General George A. Custer Texas State Historical Association - The Handbook of Texas Online - Biography of George Armstrong Custer National Park Service - Little Bighorn Battlefield - Biography of George Armstrong Custer Spartacus Educational - Biography of George Custer HistoryNet - Biography of George Custer Public Broadcasting Service - New Perspectives on The West - Biography of George Armstrong Custer Electric Scotland - Biography of George Armstrong Custer Britannica Websites Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. George Armstrong Custer - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11) George Armstrong Custer - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) Article History Article Contributors Load Next Article Inspire your inbox – Sign up for daily fun facts about this day in history, updates, and special offers. Subscribe By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. |
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http://web.archive.org/web/20161223011252id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_reaction_p0 | Combination reaction - Wikipedia CentralNotice Combination reaction From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (April 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) A combination reaction (also known as a synthesis reaction) is a reaction where two or more elements or compounds (reactants) combine to form a single compound (product). Such reactions may be represented by equations of the following form: X + Y → XY. Combination reactions can involve different types of reactants: Type Example a) Between elements C + O 2 → CO 2 Carbon completely burnt in oxygen yields carbon dioxide b) Between compounds CaO + H 2 O → Ca(OH) 2 Calcium oxide (lime) combined with water gives calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) c) Between elements and compounds 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2 Oxygen combines with carbon monoxide , and carbon dioxide is formed. There is no specific number of reactants in a combination reaction. Combination reactions are usually exothermic because when the bond forms between the reactants, heat is released. For example barium metal and fluorine gas will combine in a highly exothermic reaction to form the salt barium fluoride: |
http://web.archive.org/web/20161223011252id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_reaction_p1 | Ba + F 2 → BaF 2 Another example is magnesium oxide combining with carbon dioxide to produce magnesium carbonate . MgO + CO 2 → MgCO 3 Another example is iron combining with sulphur to produce iron(II) sulfide . Fe + S → FeS When a combination reaction occurs between a metal and a non-metal the product is an ionic solid. An example could be lithium reacting with sulphur to give lithium sulphide . When magnesium burns in air, the atoms of the metal combine with the gas oxygen to produce magnesium oxide . This specific combination reaction produces the bright flame generated by flares . This chemical reaction article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1173 Cached time: 20161204051521 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false CPU time usage: 0.040 seconds Real time usage: 0.060 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 96/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 6675/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/40 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Lua time usage: 0.019/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1.01 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 46.555 1 - -total 77.21% 35.943 1 - Template:Unreferenced 49.41% 23.003 1 - Template:Ambox 22.62% 10.529 1 - Template:Reaction-stub 19.70% 9.173 1 - Template:Asbox |
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http://web.archive.org/web/20191127104823id_/http://windliterature.org:80/2010/10/16/irish-tune-from-county-derry-by-percy-grainger/_p0 | Irish Tune from County Derry by Percy Grainger – Wind Band Literature Skip to content Home About Contact Latest Other Resources Season Recaps /header-top-menu Search /social-menu /section-inner /top-nav Search for: Search /section-inner /search-container Wind Band Literature A Conductor's Perspective by Andy Pease /section-inner /header-wrapper Grainger-Percy Irish Tune from County Derry by Percy Grainger /post-header Date: October 16, 2010 Author: andypease 5 Comments /post-meta Percy Grainger (1882-1961) was a piano prodigy turned composer who was known for his strange personal habits, his colorful prose, and his equally unusual music – his many admirers today still recognize that he possessed “the supreme virtue of never being dull.” Born in Australia, he began studying piano at an early age. He came to the U. S. at the outbreak of World War I and enlisted as an Army bandsman, becoming an American citizen in 1918. He went on to explore the frontiers of music with his idiosyncratic folk song settings, his lifelong advocacy for the saxophone, and his Free Music machines which predated electronic synthesizers. His many masterworks for winds include Lincolnshire Posy , Handel in the Strand , and Molly on the Shore . Irish Tune from County Derry is a setting of a now-famous tune from the Irish county of Derry in the north (also sometimes called Londonderry). This classic arrangement features beautiful, delicate part-writing for both woodwinds and brass, highlighting each family in turn. The Columbia Summer Winds performances of this piece in summer 2009 are dedicated to the memory of our departed friend, Daniel Tedlie. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191127104823id_/http://windliterature.org:80/2010/10/16/irish-tune-from-county-derry-by-percy-grainger/_p1 | References on various version of Irish Tune at percygrainger.com. While this tune is widely associated with the lyrics “Danny Boy” , it in fact has rich history of lyric settings of which “Danny Boy” is a relative latecomer. For one version of the full history, see wikipedia’s article on “Londonderry Air” , an alternate title for the tune. The full lyrics of “Danny Boy”, which helped inspire the choice of dedication for this summer, are below: Oh Danny boy, the pipes, the pipes are calling From glen to glen, and down the mountain side The summer’s gone, and all the roses falling ‘Tis you, ’tis you must go and I must bide. But come ye back when summer’s in the meadow Or when the valley’s hushed and white with snow ‘Tis I’ll be here in sunshine or in shadow Oh Danny boy, oh Danny boy, I love you so. And if you come, when all the flowers are dying And I am dead, as dead I well may be You’ll come and find the place where I am lying And kneel and say an “Ave” there for me. And I shall hear, tho’ soft you tread above me And all my dreams will warm and sweeter be If you’ll not fail to tell me that you love me I’ll simply sleep in peace until you come to me. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191127104823id_/http://windliterature.org:80/2010/10/16/irish-tune-from-county-derry-by-percy-grainger/_p2 | Grainger’s setting may or may not have had any particular set of lyrics in mind. Grainger’s first settings were published in 1918, whereas various lyrics date back to 1855 or earlier. “Danny Boy” did not appear in print until 1913. Even in vocal arrangements, Grainger used no particular lyrics – see below for the proof! There is naturally much media available on this tune. Here is just a tiny sampling: A beautiful recording by the Cambridge Singers of Grainger’s (wisely) wordless vocal arrangement: From YouTube, an unnamed band performs to images of Irish pride and patriotism: Now your bonus video: The Muppet Show ‘s three most articulate singers take on “Danny Boy”: Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Click to print (Opens in new window) Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window) 1910s Australian Composer Folk songs Grade 5 Text-based andypease Conductor and Music Educator Andy Pease has been writing about the music he conducts and admires since 2008. He is the Director of Instrumental Music at Hartwick College in Oneonta, NY. /post-author /post-inner /post Post navigation Previous Previous post: Summer Dances by Brian Balmages Next Next post: Trombone King by Karl King 5 thoughts on “ Irish Tune from County Derry by Percy Grainger ” |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191127104823id_/http://windliterature.org:80/2010/10/16/irish-tune-from-county-derry-by-percy-grainger/_p3 | Add Comment /comments-title-link Pingback: Summer 2011 Conducting Symposia « Andy Pease's Wind Band Blog #comment-## Pingback: 2012 Conducting Workshop Wrap-Up « Andy Pease's Wind Band Blog #comment-## Pingback: Yorkshire Ballad by James Barnes | Andy Pease's Wind Band Blog #comment-## Pingback: Country Gardens by Percy Grainger | Andy Pease's Wind Band Blog #comment-## Pingback: Sheltering Sky by John Mackey | Andy Pease's Wind Band Blog #comment-## .comment-list /comments /comments-inner /comments-container Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment Name * Email * Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Notify me of new posts by email. #respond #comments /content Composers Composers Select Category Allen-Virginia (1) Anderson-Leroy (3) Archer-Kimberly (1) Arlen-Harold (1) Arnold-Malcolm (2) Bach-Johann Sebastian (4) Bagley-Edwin (1) Balmages-Brian (4) Barber-Samuel (1) Barnes, James (4) Barrett-Roland (1) Bassett-Leslie (1) Beck-Brian (2) Bennett-Robert Russell (6) Benson-Warren (2) Berlioz-Hector (1) Bernstein-Leonard (5) Biedenbender-David (1) Blackshaw-Jodie (1) Boerma-Scott (1) Bolcom-William (1) Bourgeois-Derek (1) Boysen-Jr-Andrew (1) Broege-Timothy (1) Bryant-Steven (6) Burns-Patrick (5) Byrd-William (1) Cage-John (1) Camphouse-Mark (3) Caplan-Oliver (3) Chance-John Barnes (4) Chantry-Benoît (1) Chen Yi (1) Chen-Qian (1) Clark-Larry (1) Clark-Reber (1) Colgrass-Michael (2) Copland-Aaron (8) Cuong-Viet (1) Daehn-Larry (3) Dagenais-Jonathan (1) Dahl-Ingolf (1) Danna-Mychael (1) Danyew-Steve (1) |
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http://web.archive.org/web/20190926025451id_/https://variety.com/2017/music/news/adele-songwriter-semisonic-dan-wilson-album-re-covered-1202509330/_p0 | ‘Someone Like You’ Writer Dan Wilson Reclaims His Songs on Re-Covered – Variety Jetpack Open Graph Tags End Jetpack Open Graph Tags Swiftype Meta Tags Start Hotjar Tracking Code for https://pmcvariety.wordpress.com Start: Youtube Iframe API End: Youtube Iframe API Start: IAS script End: IAS script Start BounceExchange tag. Deploy at the beginning of document head. End BounceExchange Tag Cloudinary analysis tag - start Cloudinary analysis tag - end Facebook Pixel Code End Facebook Pixel Code BEGIN Amazon Apstag End Amazon Apstag BEGIN Krux Control Tag END Krux Controltag GPT interchange code Begin comScore Tag End comScore Tag Quantcast Tag End Quantcast tag CrazyEgg Start CrazyEgg End Google Tag Manager End Google Tag Manager Placeholder for Floating Video Ad × End Placeholder Floating Video Ad Placeholder for Responsive Skin Ad End Placeholder for Responsive Skin Ad @TODO Wire this in .l-header__leaderboard .c-search c-search--expandable .c-top-bar__search Edition United States United States Asia Global c-top-bar__editions Instagram Twitter YouTube Facebook Read Next: One-Third of All Young People Use Stream Ripping to Steal Music, Global Study Shows .c-top-bar__read-next Variety Intelligence Platform Got a News Tip? Newsletters Subscribe to Variety Login .c-signin .c-top-bar__signin .c-top-bar Variety.com Menu Film TV Music Tech Theater Real Estate Awards Video Podcasts V500 Subscribe Today! .c-social-bar__premier-logo Login .c-signin .c-social-bar__signin Variety Intelligence Platform .l-header marker for pmc-sticky-ad (aka Mobile Adhesion Ads) todo: pageType-and-userState? HOME Music |
http://web.archive.org/web/20190926025451id_/https://variety.com/2017/music/news/adele-songwriter-semisonic-dan-wilson-album-re-covered-1202509330/_p1 | News /.c-breadcrumbs August 4, 2017 6:00AM PT ‘Someone Like You’ Writer Dan Wilson Reclaims His Songs on ‘Re-Covered’ By Craig Rosen Craig Rosen 's Most Recent Stories ‘Someone Like You’ Writer Dan Wilson Reclaims His Songs on ‘Re-Covered’ ‘Peacemaker’ Bittersweet recognition View All / .c-author__stories /.c-author Facebook Twitter Reddit Email Show more sharing options LinkedIn WhatsApp Print Pin It Tumblr .l-list.l-list--row /.l-article__header /.c-featured-media Singer-songwriter Dan Wilson is best known as the voice of Semisonic’s 1998 hit “Closing Time.” That’s one of 13 tracks the Minneapolis native revisits on “Re-Covered,” his third solo studio effort, out today (Aug. 4) on the indie Ballroom Music . Yet the album seeks to do more than revive that past glory. Between his fame in the 90s and now, Wilson has been co-writing songs with a diverse group of artists, including Adele , Taylor Swift, the Dixie Chicks , John Legend, Josh Groban, and Chris Stapleton. Covering hits with which he has a publishing interest might lead some to wonder if Wilson is merely trying to cash in on performance and songwriting royalties, a notion he initially laughs at, before defending his track record. “There’s a lot of people out there who have written a lot of songs and they can go ahead and choose their best stuff and make a record, too,” Wilson tells Variety. “We’ll see how many hits they have on their record.” |
http://web.archive.org/web/20190926025451id_/https://variety.com/2017/music/news/adele-songwriter-semisonic-dan-wilson-album-re-covered-1202509330/_p2 | Indeed, Wilson has quite a few. The album includes his stripped down take of Adele ’s international chart-topper “Someone Like You,” featuring the Kronos Quartet, as well as his reading of the Dixie Chicks ’ three-time Grammy winner “Not Ready to Make Nice.” And yet Wilson says “Re-Covered” isn’t necessarily all about the hits. “I took some enjoyment in picking some things are maybe less well-known, but I actually think they are as good as the best of the other songs.” He points to “Never Meant to Love You,” originally recorded by folk-rock singer Cory Chisel, and “Landing,” by Matt Wilson, his younger brother and former band mate in his pre-Semisonic combo Trip Shakespeare, as underrated gems that fit that bill. It was actually a friend of Wilson’s who suggested seven years ago that he do an album of reinterpretations of songs he’d co-written with other artists. “At that time, I thought it was a great idea, but I thought about what I had to offer and I didn’t think it was awesome enough,” Wilson recalls. “I needed a couple of other better songs.” Five years later, Wilson thought he had enough material to fit the bill with a mix of hits and “songs I wanted people to hear,” but the project didn’t begin to become a reality until a lunch meeting with his friend, producer, guitarist and fellow songwriter Mike Viola (now an A&R executive at Verve Records). “He said, ‘I’ll only do it with you if we go [analog] — live to two-inch tape at one of the great old studios in L.A. And we do it with a live band, you sing live and we all get it all happening in about a week. We could mix it on Saturday and be done,'” Wilson recalls. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20190926025451id_/https://variety.com/2017/music/news/adele-songwriter-semisonic-dan-wilson-album-re-covered-1202509330/_p3 | Viola felt that way the songs written with various artists would have a cohesive feel. The sessions, featuring a band that included Elvis Costello drummer Pete Thomas, ended up lasting about three weeks, but Wilson says they were successful in capturing the vibe they were seeking. (A deluxe version of the album, packaged with a hard-cover book containing 56 pages of drawings, essays and lyrics, is due on Aug. 25). For Wilson, it’s essential that his creative DNA is as a songwriter and a performer. “I know a lot of songwriters who’ve never been performers and I just can’t understand that,” he says. “How could a songwriter write songs for people to enjoy without ever having the experience of the feedback and the kind of connection you have from an audience? It’s so instructive. When you play a song live in front of a crowd, you know if it’s right or not.” Today, however, he’s comfortable in the role as a man of words and melodies who’s mostly behind the scenes. As for his process, Wilson says it varies depending on the artist he’s collaborating with. With Adele, the experience was not unlike her segment on James Corden’s “Carpool Karaoke.” “It’s like laughing, and yelling, and having a great time, and then being held to the highest f—ing artistic standard of anyone you’ve ever met,” he says. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20190926025451id_/https://variety.com/2017/music/news/adele-songwriter-semisonic-dan-wilson-album-re-covered-1202509330/_p4 | Two other Wilson co-writes were featured on Adele’s 14-times platinum 2011 album “21,” but Wilson’s contributions didn’t make the final cut of her follow-up, 2015’s “25.” Wilson explains their initial writing sessions were canceled due to an illness in his family, but the two did get back together. “The period that Adele and I wrote a few songs for ’25’ was sort of during her well-documented phase of writer’s block/perfectionism,” he says. “Everything has to be exactly right or she won’t put it out.” Wilson attributes his ability to work in multiple genres to his early listening habits that included everything from Jaco Pastorius and Weather Report to Boston, Joni Mitchell and the Clash. “It gave me this idea somehow that you are allowed to write music in every style,” he says. And Wilson is living out that vision, writing with Spoon, rapper Nas, the Preservation Hall Jazz Band, rising female star Halsey, and producing Ethiopian jazz artist Meklit, as well as playing the occasional show with his old mates in Semisonic. “These are artists I admire,” Wilson explains. “It’s more driven by me thinking they’re awesome and less by which niche I’m supposed to be occupying.” See the full track list below: “All Will Be Well” – written with Gabe Dixon “Home” – written with Dierks Bentley and Brett Beavers |
http://web.archive.org/web/20190926025451id_/https://variety.com/2017/music/news/adele-songwriter-semisonic-dan-wilson-album-re-covered-1202509330/_p5 | “You and I” – written with John Legend “Someone Like You” (feat. Kronos Quartet) – written with Adele “Never Meant To Love You” – written with Cory Chisel “Not Ready To Make Nice” – written with Dixie Chicks “Landing” – written with Matt Wilson “Treacherous” – written with Taylor Swift “Borrowed” – written with LeAnn Rimes and Darrell Brown “Your Misfortune” – written with Mike Doughty “When The Stars Come Out” – written with Chris Stapleton “If I Walk Away” – written with Josh Groban “Closing Time” – written for Semisonic Popular on Variety Leave a Reply Adele Dixie Chicks /.c-tags Want to read more articles like this one? Subscribe to Variety Today. /.l-article__footer Loading comments... /.l-article /.l-wrap__main Most Viewed Hulu Not Moving Forward With Marvel Series 'Ghost Rider' Samuel L. Jackson Lends His Voice to Amazon's Alexa Kanye West’s New Album Is Not Coming Friday, Source Says - But Kim Kardashian Disagrees? /.c-widget__content /.c-widget Must Read TV No One Was More Surprised by Jodie Comer’s Emmy Win Than Jodie Comer TV Five Key Takeaways From the 2019 Emmy Awards TV ‘This Is Us’ Creator on Season 4’s New Players (SPOILERS) .l-must-read__list /.c-widget__content /.c-widget Sign Up for Daily Insider Newsletter Please fill out this field with valid email address. Sign Up /.c-widget__content /.c-widget /.c-widget /.l-wrap__secondary .l-article__leaderboard More Music .l-more-from__header Silent House, Pink and Taylor Swift Tour Producer, Turns 10 in Style |
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http://web.archive.org/web/20191012233942id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Berdy_p0 | Sean Berdy - Wikipedia CentralNotice Sean Berdy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification . Please help by adding reliable sources . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately , especially if potentially libelous or harmful. Find sources: "Sean Berdy" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( May 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Sean Berdy Sean Berdy in 2010 Born Sean Lance Berdy ( 1993-06-03 ) June 3, 1993 (age 26) Boca Raton , Florida , U.S. Occupation Actor, writer, film producer, director Years active 2005–present Website www .sean-berdy .com Sean Lance Berdy (born June 3, 1993) [1] is an American actor, writer, producer, and director. He has appeared in the film sequel The Sandlot 2 and starred in Switched at Birth for five seasons. He stars in Netflix 's The Society , one of the main characters. He was nominated for TV Breakout Star for the Teen Choice Awards 2011. Contents 1 Early life 2 Personal life 2.1 Health 3 Career 4 Filmography 5 References 6 External links Early life [ edit ] Berdy was born deaf in Boca Raton, Florida, to Terrie and Scott Berdy. He was raised Hebrew Catholic and has one younger sibling, Tyler. His mother was of Irish descent and his father was of Russian ancestry. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191012233942id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Berdy_p1 | At a young age, Berdy began putting on impromptu comedic shows alongside his brother, Tyler, to the delight of family and friends. Sean loved seeing the joy he brought to others while performing and quickly became very passionate about entertaining. Berdy lived in Boca Raton, Florida for six years, before moving to Southern California. Personal life [ edit ] Most of Berdy's film and television appearances feature his use of ASL , [2] as this is his first language. [3] As a sophomore, Sean was named the 2010 Mr. Deaf Teen America. Health [ edit ] Berdy has battled with bipolar disorder since he was 11 years old. [4] Career [ edit ] Berdy has appeared in The Sandlot 2 as Sammy Samuelson, and has also appeared in the Bondage and two films in ASL, The Deaf Family and The Legend of the Mountain Man . He was in a Sprint Relay commercial, and starred as Emmett Bledsoe , son of Melody Bledsoe, played by Marlee Matlin , in the ABC Family television series Switched at Birth . He also was nominated for the 2011 Teen Choice Awards under the TV category for breakout star. He plays Sam Eliot, in the 2019 Netflix show The Society . Filmography [ edit ] Film and television Year Title Role Notes 2005 The Sandlot 2 |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191012233942id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Berdy_p2 | Sammy "Fingers" Samuelson 2006 The Bondage Young Trey 2008 The Legend of the Mountain Man Nick 2008 The Deaf Family Wesley 2011–2017 Switched at Birth Emmett Bledsoe Main role, 103 episodes 2018 Drunk History Frank Bowe Episode: "Civil Rights" 2019 The Society Sam Eliot Main role References [ edit ] ^ "Bio – Sean Berdy – Official Website" . Retrieved 2012-05-03 . ^ "' Switched at Birth': Meet Katie LeClerc and Sean Berdy, hearing-impaired stars (2011)" . blog.zap2it.com . Archived from the original on 2011-07-31 . Retrieved 2011-07-16 . ^ Kevin Mulcahy Jr. (2012-03-06). "INTERVIEW: SWITCHED AT BIRTH's Sean Berdy Talks Acting, Performing and Playing The Deaf James Dean" . welovesoaps.net . Retrieved 6 March 2012 . ^ Andrew R. Chow (2019-05-11). "The Society's Sean Berdy on A.S.L. Representation, Teen Activism and His Buzzy New Netflix Drama" . Retrieved 24 May 2019 . External links [ edit ] Sean Berdy Official Website Sean Berdy on IMDb Authority control ISNI : 0000 0003 5985 3422 LCCN : no2011191527 VIAF : 221051107 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 221051107 This article about a United States film and television actor or actress born in the 1990s is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1282 Cached time: 20190924201057 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191012233942id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Berdy_p3 | Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.332 seconds Real time usage: 0.512 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1383/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 27290/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1097/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/40 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11962/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.181/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5.23 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 471.252 1 -total 28.49% 134.283 1 Template:Infobox_person 26.58% 125.244 1 Template:BLP_sources 20.91% 98.530 1 Template:Reflist 20.54% 96.787 1 Template:Infobox 20.03% 94.379 1 Template:Ambox 18.84% 88.789 4 Template:Cite_web 8.87% 41.819 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 8.72% 41.075 5 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.47% 35.191 1 Template:Authority_control Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32434334-0!canonical and timestamp 20190924201057 and revision id 917648502 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sean_Berdy&oldid=917648502 " Categories : 1993 births Male actors from Florida American male child actors American male film actors American male television actors Living people People from Boca Raton, Florida 21st-century American male actors American screen actor, 1990s birth stubs Hidden categories: BLP articles lacking sources from May 2019 All BLP articles lacking sources Articles with hCards Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers All stub articles Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191012233942id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Berdy_p4 | Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Afrikaans العربية Asturianu Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Italiano Русский Sicilianu Svenska 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 September 2019, at 20:10 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p0 | Eight Miles High - Wikipedia CentralNotice Eight Miles High From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the song by the Byrds. For other uses, see Eight Miles High (disambiguation) . "Eight Miles High" 1966 U.S. picture sleeve Single by the Byrds from the album Fifth Dimension B-side " Why " Released March 14, 1966 Format 7-inch single Recorded January 24–25, 1966 Studio Columbia Studios , Hollywood, CA Genre Psychedelic rock raga rock psychedelic pop Length 3 : 33 Label Columbia Songwriter(s) Gene Clark , Jim McGuinn , David Crosby Producer(s) Allen Stanton The Byrds singles chronology " It Won't Be Wrong " (1966) " Eight Miles High " (1966) " 5D (Fifth Dimension) " (1966) Music video "Eight Miles High" (audio) on YouTube " Eight Miles High " is a song by the American rock band the Byrds , written by Gene Clark , Jim McGuinn (a.k.a. Roger McGuinn), and David Crosby . It was first released as a single on March 14, 1966. Musically influenced by Ravi Shankar and John Coltrane , the song was influential in developing the musical styles of psychedelic rock , raga rock , and psychedelic pop . Accordingly, critics often cite "Eight Miles High" as being the first bona fide psychedelic rock song, as well as a classic of the counterculture era . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p1 | The song was subject to a U.S. radio ban shortly after its release, following allegations published in the broadcasting trade journal the Gavin Report regarding perceived drug connotations in its lyrics . The band strenuously denied these allegations at the time, but in later years both Clark and Crosby admitted that the song was at least partly inspired by their own drug use. The failure of "Eight Miles High" to reach the Billboard Top 10 is usually attributed to the broadcasting ban, but some commentators have suggested the song's complexity and uncommercial nature were greater factors. "Eight Miles High" reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 24 in the UK Singles Chart . The song was also included on the band's third album, Fifth Dimension , which was released on July 18, 1966. "Eight Miles High" became the Byrds' third and final U.S. Top 20 hit, and was their last release before the departure of Clark, who was the band's principal songwriter at the time. Contents 1 History 1.1 Composition 1.2 Recording 2 Release and legacy 2.1 U.S. radio ban 2.2 Influence and reception 3 Post-release 4 Cover versions and media references 5 References 6 External links History [ edit ] Composition [ edit ] The song's lyrics are, for the most part, about the group's flight to London in August 1965 and their accompanying English tour, as hinted at by the opening couplet : "Eight miles high and when you touch down, you'll find that it's stranger than known." [1] Although commercial airliners fly at an altitude of six to seven miles, it was felt that "eight miles high" sounded more poetic than six and also alluded to the title of the Beatles ' song " Eight Days a Week ". [1] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p2 | According to Clark, the lyrics were primarily his creation, with a minor contribution being Crosby's line, "Rain grey town, known for its sound"—a reference to London as home to the British Invasion , which was then dominating the U.S. music charts. [2] [1] [3] Other lyrics in the song that explicitly refer to the Byrds' stay in England include the couplet: "Nowhere is there warmth to be found/Among those afraid of losing their ground", which is a reference to the hostile reaction of the UK music press and to the English group the Birds serving the band with a writ of copyright infringement because of the similarities in their names. [3] [4] [5] In addition, "Round the squares, huddled in storms/Some laughing, some just shapeless forms" describes fans waiting for the band outside hotels, while the line "Sidewalk scenes and black limousines" refers to the excited crowds that jostled the band as they exited their chauffeur-driven cars. [3] Although the basic idea for the song had been discussed during the band's flight to England, it did not begin to take shape until the Byrds' November 1965 tour of the U.S. [2] To alleviate the boredom of traveling from show to show during the tour, Crosby had brought along cassette recordings of Ravi Shankar 's music and the John Coltrane albums Impressions and Africa/Brass , which were on constant rotation on the tour bus. [6] [7] The impact of these recordings on the band would manifest itself in the music of "Eight Miles High" and its B-side " Why "—both of which were influential in the development of the musical styles of psychedelic rock , raga rock , and psychedelic pop . [8] [6] [1] [9] [10] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p3 | Clark began writing the song's lyrics on November 24, 1965, when he scribbled down some rough ideas for later development, after a discussion with guitarist Brian Jones , before the Byrds made a concert appearance supporting the Rolling Stones . [2] [11] Over the following days, Clark expanded this fragment into a full poem, eventually setting the words to music and giving them a melody . [2] Clark then showed the song to McGuinn and Crosby. McGuinn suggested that the song be arranged to incorporate Coltrane's influence. [2] Since Clark's death, however, McGuinn has contended it was he who conceived the initial idea of writing a song about an airplane ride and that he and Crosby both contributed lyrics to Clark's unfinished draft. [2] In his book, Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of the Byrds' Gene Clark , author John Einarson disputes this claim and ponders whether McGuinn's story would be the same if Clark was still alive. [2] Recording [ edit ] Eight Miles High An excerpt from the intro of "Eight Miles High", demonstrating the John Coltrane -influenced, free form guitar playing of Roger McGuinn and the droning quality of the song's vocals. Problems playing this file? See media help . The master recording of "Eight Miles High" was recorded on January 24 and 25, 1966, at Columbia Studios in Hollywood. [12] Record producer Allen Stanton guided the band through the recording process. [12] John Einarson has commented that the influence of Coltrane's saxophone playing and, in particular his song "India" from the Impressions album, can be heard clearly in "Eight Miles High"—most noticeably in McGuinn's recurring twelve-string guitar solo. [2] In addition to this striking guitar motif , the song is also highlighted by Chris Hillman 's driving and hypnotic bass line, Crosby's chunky rhythm guitar playing and the band's ethereal harmonies . [2] [9] [13] [14] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p4 | "Eight Miles High" also exhibits the influence of sitarist Ravi Shankar, particularly in the droning quality of the song's vocal melody and in McGuinn's guitar playing. [15] [16] However, the song does not actually feature the sound of the sitar , despite the Byrds having appeared brandishing the instrument at a contemporary press conference held to promote the single. [9] In a 1966 promotional interview, which was added to the expanded CD reissue of the Fifth Dimension album, Crosby said that the song's ending made him "feel like a plane landing." An earlier version of "Eight Miles High" was recorded with Al Schmitt at RCA Studios in Los Angeles on December 22, 1965, but Columbia Records refused to release that recording because it had not been produced at a Columbia-owned studio. [9] [12] [17] McGuinn has since said he believes this original version of the song to be more spontaneous sounding than the better known Columbia release. [9] That opinion was echoed by Crosby, who commented, "It was a stunner, it was better, it was stronger. It had more flow to it. It was the way we wanted it to be." [9] This original version of "Eight Miles High" was eventually released on the 1987 archival album Never Before and was also included as a bonus track on the 1996 Columbia/Legacy CD reissue of Fifth Dimension . [18] [19] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p5 | Release and legacy [ edit ] U.S. radio ban [ edit ] "Eight Miles High" was released on March 14, 1966, in the U.S. [20] and May 29, 1966, in the UK, reaching number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100, and number 24 on the UK Singles Chart . [20] [21] [22] [23] The song was also included on the band's third album, Fifth Dimension , which was released on July 18, 1966. [24] Following its release, the band faced allegations of advocating the use of recreational drugs in Bill Gavin's Record Report , a weekly newsletter circulated to U.S. radio stations. [2] [1] This resulted in "Eight Miles High" being banned in a number of states within a week of the report being published, a factor which contributed to the single's failure to break into the Billboard Top 10. [1] The Byrds and their publicist , Derek Taylor , countered by strenuously denying that the song was drug-related. Taylor issued an indignant press release stating unequivocally that the song was about the band's trip to England and not drug use. [9] However, by the early 1980s, both Crosby and Clark were prepared to admit the song was not entirely as innocent as they had originally declared. Crosby said: "Of course it was a drug song! We were stoned when we wrote it." [9] Clark was less blunt, explaining in an interview that "it was about a lot of things. It was about the airplane trip to England, it was about drugs, it was about all that. A piece of poetry of that nature is not limited to having it have to be just about airplanes or having it have to be just about drugs. It was inclusive because during those days the new experimenting with all the drugs was a very vogue thing to do." [2] [9] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p6 | Research analyst Mark Teehan, writing for Popular Musicology Online, has challenged the widely held view among critics, music historians and the Byrds themselves that the U.S. radio ban hurt sales of "Eight Miles High". [25] [26] He points out that although the Gavin Report recommended that radio stations withdraw the single from airplay, many stations did not comply with this suggestion. [26] In addition, he notes that the radio ban was not suggested by the Gavin Report until April 29, 1966, almost seven weeks after the single had been released—ample time for it to have made its mark on the charts. [26] Teehan has uncovered evidence showing "Eight Miles High" was already decelerating on the national charts before the end of April 1966. [26] Having examined the local music surveys and the Billboard regional retail sales charts as they relate to the national charting of "Eight Miles High", Teehan found that the progressive, complex and uncommercial nature of the song was a much bigger factor in its failure to reach the Billboard Top 10. [2] [26] Commercial radio stations were reluctant to play songs that were over two-and-a-half minutes long during the mid-1960s, and the song suffered from uncoordinated and inefficient promotion by Columbia Records. [26] Teehan's research revealed that "Eight Miles High" failed to reach the Top Five in any of his 23 sample regional markets, and most telling, among the thirty radio stations included within this sample, it reached the Top 10 on only seven of them (23%). [26] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p7 | Influence and reception [ edit ] The Byrds at the "Eight Miles High" press conference in March 1966, posing with a sitar in order to illustrate the Indian influences present in the song. The song's use of Indian and free-form jazz influences, along with its impressionistic lyrics, were immediately influential on the emerging genre of psychedelic rock. [23] [27] Accordingly, some authors and music historians, including Eric V. D. Luft, Domenic Priore , and Dwight Rounds, have described "Eight Miles High" as being the first bona fide psychedelic rock song. [28] [29] [30] In his book Riot On Sunset Strip: Rock 'n' Roll's Last Stand in Hollywood , Priore cites the song as the one that kicked off the psychedelic craze, explaining "prior to 'Eight Miles High,' there were no pop records with incessant, hypnotic basslines juxtaposed by droning, trance-induced improvisational guitar." [13] The song was responsible for the naming of the musical subgenre raga rock, when journalist Sally Kempton, in her review of the single for The Village Voice , used the term to describe the record's experimental fusion of eastern and western music. [31] However, although Kempton was the first person to use the term raga rock in print, she actually borrowed the phrase from the promotional material the Byrds' press office had supplied to accompany the "Eight Miles High" single release. [10] In a 1968 interview for the Pop Chronicles radio documentary , McGuinn denied that the song was an example of raga rock, [8] while Crosby, speaking in 1998, dismissed the term entirely, saying "they kept trying to label us; every time we turned around, they came up with a new one ... it's a bunch of bullshit." [32] Nonetheless, the experimental nature of the song placed the Byrds firmly at the forefront of the burgeoning psychedelic movement, along with the Yardbirds , the Beatles, Donovan and the Rolling Stones, who were all exploring similar musical territory concurrently. [27] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p8 | Contemporary reviews for the single were mostly positive, with Billboard magazine describing the song as a "Big beat rhythm rocker with soft lyric ballad vocal and off-beat instrumental backing." [23] Record World magazine also praised the song, commenting "It's an eerie tune with lyrics bound to hypnotize. Will climb heights." [23] In the UK, Music Echo described the song as "wild and oriental but still beaty". The publication also suggested that with the release of "Eight Miles High" the Byrds had jumped ahead of the Beatles in terms of creativity, saying "[By] getting their single out now they've beaten the Beatles to the punch, for Paul [McCartney] admitted recently that the Liverpool foursome are working on a similar sound for their new album and single." [25] In recent years, Richie Unterberger , writing for the Allmusic website, has described "Eight Miles High" as "one of the greatest singles of the '60s." [24] Critics often cite "Eight Miles High" as being the first bona fide psychedelic rock song, as well as a classic of the counterculture era . [33] In 1999, the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , an honor reserved for "recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance that are at least 25 years old." [34] In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked "Eight Miles High" at number 151 on their list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time [35] and in March 2005, Q magazine placed the song at number 50 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks . [36] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p9 | Post-release [ edit ] During the same month that "Eight Miles High" was released as a single, the Byrds' primary songwriter, Gene Clark, left the band. [23] His fear of flying was given as the official reason for his departure, but other factors, including his tendency toward anxiety and paranoia, as well as his increasing isolation within the group, were also at work. [23] [37] Following the release of "Eight Miles High" and Clark's departure, the Byrds never again managed to place a single in the Billboard Top 20. [21] The Byrds performed "Eight Miles High" on a number of television programs during the 1960s and 1970s, including Popside , Drop In , Midweek , and Beat-Club . [38] The song became a staple of the band's live concert repertoire until their final disbandment in 1973. [38] A sixteen-minute live version of "Eight Miles High" was included on the Byrds' (Untitled) album in 1970, [39] and another live version was released as part of the 2008 album, Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971 . [40] The song was performed by a reformed lineup of the Byrds featuring Roger McGuinn , David Crosby, and Chris Hillman in January 1989. [38] The song remained a favorite of Clark's during his post-Byrds solo career and he often performed it at his concert appearances until his death, in 1991. [2] McGuinn also continues to perform an intricate acoustic guitar rendition of the song at his concerts. [41] Crosby has revisited "Eight Miles High" infrequently during his post-Byrds career, but it was performed during Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young 's reunion tour of 2000, with Neil Young handling McGuinn's guitar solo, while the other three members sang the song's three-part harmonies. [15] The Byrds' bass player , Chris Hillman, also recorded an acoustic version of "Eight Miles High" as part of his 2005 album, The Other Side . [42] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p10 | In addition to its appearance on the Fifth Dimension album, "Eight Miles High" also appears on several Byrds' compilations , including: The Byrds' Greatest Hits , History of The Byrds , The Original Singles: 1965–1967, Volume 1 , The Byrds , The Very Best of The Byrds , The Essential Byrds and There Is a Season . [43] Cover versions and media references [ edit ] "Eight Miles High" has been covered by many different bands and artists including: the Ventures , Leathercoated Minds , East of Eden , Lighthouse , Leo Kottke , Roxy Music , Ride , Stewart / Gaskin , Robyn Hitchcock , Rockfour , Les Fradkin , The Kennedys , the Postmarks [44] and Steve Hunter . Hüsker Dü also released the song as a single prior to the release of their Zen Arcade LP in 1984. [45] The song was also covered in 1969 by Golden Earring , who included a nineteen-minute version on their Eight Miles High album. [46] The Emerson, Lake & Palmer spinoff group 3 recorded the song with revised lyrics on their 1988 album, To the Power of Three . [47] Crowded Housewith Roger McGuinn also covered the song on their I Feel Possessed EP . [48] Don McLean 's song " American Pie " makes reference to "Eight Miles High" with the lines "The Birds [ sic ] flew off with a fall-out shelter / Eight miles high and falling fast." [49] [50] The First Edition 's 1968 hit, " Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) ", contains a reference to the song with the line "I tripped on a cloud and fell a-eight miles high." The independent rock band Okkervil River references "Eight Miles High" in its song "Plus Ones", on the 2007 album The Stage Names . [51] Bruce Springsteen 's song "Life Itself", from his 2009 album Working on a Dream , features guitar playing and production techniques reminiscent of "Eight Miles High" by the Byrds. [52] [53] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p11 | The Byrds' version of "Eight Miles High" is featured in the 1983 film Purple Haze . [54] It also appears in both the "Le Voyage dans la Lune" and "The Original Wives Club" episodes of the television miniseries From the Earth to the Moon . [55] [56] References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. pp. 158–163. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Einarson, John. (2005). Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of the Byrds' Gene Clark . Backbeat Books . pp. 82–86. ISBN 0-87930-793-5 . ^ a b c McGuinn, Camilla. "Eight Miles High" . Roger McGuinn 's Official Blog. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ Fitzsimmons, Mick. "Sold on Song: Eight Miles High" . BBC . Archived from the original on 2011-05-13 . Retrieved 2009-11-12 . ^ Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. p. 95. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X . ^ a b Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. p. 141. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X . ^ Hjort, Christopher. (2008). So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973) . Jawbone Press. p. 75. ISBN 1-906002-15-0 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p12 | ^ a b "Pop Chronicles: Show 35 – The Rubberization of Soul: The Great Pop Renaissance" . University of North Texas . Archived from the original on 2012-04-03 . Retrieved 2011-03-25 . ^ a b c d e f g h i Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. pp. 152–157. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X . ^ a b Bellman, Jonathan. (1997). The Exotic In Western Music . Northeastern Publishing. p. 351. ISBN 1-55553-319-1 . ^ Hjort, Christopher. (2008). So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973) . Jawbone Press. p. 72. ISBN 1-906002-15-0 . ^ a b c Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. p. 620. ISBN 978-0-9529540-1-9 . ^ a b Priore, Domenic. (2007). Riot On Sunset Strip: Rock 'n' Roll's Last Stand in Hollywood . Jawbone Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-906002-04-6 . ^ Eder, Bruce. "Eight Miles High" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 2016-10-24 . Retrieved 2009-11-10 . ^ a b Lavezzoli, Peter. (2007). The Dawn of Indian music in the West . Continuum International Publishing Group . pp. 155–157. ISBN 0-8264-2819-3 . ^ Crosby, David. (1990). Long Time Gone: The Autobiography of David Crosby . Mandarin Paperbacks . p. 99. ISBN 0-7493-0283-6 . ^ The Byrds: how we made Eight Miles High Archived 2017-11-14 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian , 16 September 2014 |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p13 | ^ Connors, Tim. "Fifth Dimension" . Byrdwatcher: A Field Guide to the Byrds of Los Angeles . Euclid Business Network. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04 . Retrieved 2009-11-10 . ^ Rogan, Johnny. (1996). Fifth Dimension (1996 CD liner notes) . ^ a b Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. pp. 541–544. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X . ^ a b Whitburn, Joel. (2008). Top Pop Singles 1955–2006 . Record Research Inc. p. 130. ISBN 0-89820-172-1 . ^ Brown, Tony. (2000). The Complete Book of the British Charts . Omnibus Press . p. 130. ISBN 0-7119-7670-8 . ^ a b c d e f Hjort, Christopher. (2008). So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973) . Jawbone Press. pp. 84–87. ISBN 1-906002-15-0 . ^ a b Unterberger, Richie . "Fifth Dimension album review" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 2009-11-09 . ^ a b Hjort, Christopher. (2008). So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973) . Jawbone Press. pp. 91–92. ISBN 1-906002-15-0 . ^ a b c d e f g Teehan, Mark. "The Byrds, "Eight Miles High", the Gavin Report, and Media Censorship of Alleged 'Drug Songs' in 1966: An Assessment" . Popular Musicology Online. Archived from the original on 2012-04-11 . Retrieved 2012-03-28 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p14 | ^ a b "Psychedelic/Garage Overview" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 2012-05-31 . Retrieved 2012-05-30 . ^ Luft, Eric V. D. (2009). Die at the Right Time!: A Subjective Cultural History of the American Sixties . Gegenstaz Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-9655179-2-8 . ^ Priore, Domenic (200). SMiLE: The Story of Brian Wilson's Lost Masterpiece . Sanctuary. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-86074-627-7 . ^ Rounds, Dwight (2007). The Year the Music Died: 1964-1972: A Commentary on the Best Era of Pop . Bridgeway Books. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-933538-69-3 . ^ Hjort, Christopher. (2008). So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973) . Jawbone Press. p. 88. ISBN 1-906002-15-0 . ^ Connors, Tim. "The Byrdwatcher Interview with David Crosby: Part Five" . Euclid Business Network Incorporated. Archived from the original on 2013-07-30 . Retrieved 2012-06-21 . ^ Perrone, James E. (2004). Music of the Counterculture Era . Greenwood Publishing Group . pp. 113–114. ISBN 0-313326-89-4 . ^ "GRAMMY Hall of Fame: Past Recipients" . GRAMMY.org . The Recording Academy . Archived from the original on 2011-01-22 . Retrieved 2012-06-22 . ^ "The 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time" . Rolling Stone . Wenner Media. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29 . Retrieved 2012-05-30 . ^ "100 Greatest Guitar Tracks" . Rockandrollreport.com. Archived from the original on 2009-09-16 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p15 | ^ Einarson, John. (2005). Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of the Byrds' Gene Clark . Backbeat Books . pp. 87–88. ISBN 0-87930-793-5 . ^ a b c Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. pp. 591–617. ISBN 0-9529540-1-X . ^ Eder, Bruce. "(Untitled) album review" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 2009-11-10 . ^ Leggett, Steve. "Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971 album review" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 2009-11-10 . ^ Landers, Rick. "Roger McGuinn Interview" . Modern Guitars Magazine . Rick Landers. Archived from the original on 2009-10-16 . Retrieved 2009-11-24 . ^ Deming, Mark. "The Other Side album review" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . ^ "Eight Miles High album appearances" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Archived from the original on 2016-10-24 . Retrieved 2009-11-27 . ^ "Eight Miles High cover versions" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 2017-03-31 . Retrieved 2012-05-30 . ^ "Hüsker Dü – Commercial Releases" . Hüsker Dü Annotated Discography. Archived from the original on 2017-09-22 . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . ^ "Golden Earring – Eight Miles High album review" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . ^ Ankeny, Jason. "To the Power of Three album review" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p16 | ^ All Music Guide. "I Feel Possessed EP review" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . ^ "Don McLean's American Pie – Official Lyrics" . Don McLean Online. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29 . Retrieved 2009-07-23 . ^ Fontenot, Robert. "American Pie: What's the meaning of Verse 4" . About.com . Archived from the original on 2010-01-05 . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . ^ Monger, James Christopher. "The Stage Names album review" . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . ^ Stephen, M. Deusner. "Working on a Dream album review" . Pitchfork Media . Archived from the original on 2010-05-22 . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . ^ "Working on a Dream album review" . Uncut . IPC Media. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29 . Retrieved 2012-05-30 . ^ "Purple Haze: Soundtrack" . Internet Movie Database . Amazon.com . Retrieved 2009-11-10 . ^ "From the Earth to the Moon – Le Voyage dans la Lune soundtrack" . Internet Movie Database . Amazon.com . Archived from the original on 2011-09-12 . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . ^ "From the Earth to the Moon – The Original Wives Club soundtrack" . Internet Movie Database . Amazon.com . Archived from the original on 2016-03-10 . Retrieved 2010-05-18 . External links [ edit ] BBC – Radio 2 Sold on Song "Eight Miles High" tablature Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p17 | v t e The Byrds Roger McGuinn Gene Clark David Crosby Chris Hillman Michael Clarke Kevin Kelley Gram Parsons Clarence White Gene Parsons John York Skip Battin Studio albums Mr. Tambourine Man Turn! Turn! Turn! Fifth Dimension Younger Than Yesterday The Notorious Byrd Brothers Sweetheart of the Rodeo Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde Ballad of Easy Rider (Untitled) Byrdmaniax Farther Along Byrds Live albums (Untitled) Live at the Fillmore – February 1969 Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971 Compilations The Byrds' Greatest Hits Preflyte The Byrds' Greatest Hits Volume II The Best of The Byrds: Greatest Hits, Volume II History of The Byrds The Byrds Play Dylan The Original Singles: 1965–1967, Volume 1 The Original Singles: 1967–1969, Volume 2 Never Before In the Beginning 20 Essential Tracks from the Byrds Box Set (1965-1990) The Very Best of The Byrds The Preflyte Sessions The Essential Byrds Box sets The Byrds There Is a Season Tribute albums Time Between – A Tribute to The Byrds Singles " Mr. Tambourine Man " / " I Knew I'd Want You " " All I Really Want to Do " / " I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better " " Turn! Turn! Turn! " / " She Don't Care About Time " " Set You Free This Time " " It Won't Be Wrong " " Eight Miles High " / " Why " |
http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p18 | " 5D (Fifth Dimension) " " Mr. Spaceman " " So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star " " My Back Pages " " Have You Seen Her Face " " Lady Friend " / " Old John Robertson " " Goin' Back " " You Ain't Goin' Nowhere " " Lay Lady Lay " " Wasn't Born to Follow " " Ballad of Easy Rider " " Jesus Is Just Alright " / " It's All Over Now, Baby Blue " " Chestnut Mare " " Full Circle " Other notable songs " You Showed Me " " Spanish Harlem Incident " " Here Without You " " The Bells of Rhymney " " Chimes of Freedom " " Lay Down Your Weary Tune " " He Was a Friend of Mine " " The World Turns All Around Her " " If You're Gone " " The Times They Are a-Changin' " " Triad " " Hickory Wind " " Nothing Was Delivered " Associated people Bob Dylan Jimmi Seiter John Guerin Terry Melcher Gary Usher Jacques Levy Kim Fowley Derek Taylor Johnny Rogan See also: Discography NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1268 Cached time: 20200111132434 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.908 seconds Real time usage: 1.131 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4184/1000000 |
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http://web.archive.org/web/20200116050123id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Miles_High_p20 | Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Čeština Deutsch Español Français Italiano Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Polski Русский Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 6 January 2020, at 03:32 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p0 | N.W.A - Wikipedia CentralNotice N.W.A From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the hip hop group. For other uses, see NWA . American hip hop group N.W.A Complete N.W.A lineup in 1988 (left to right) Arabian Prince , MC Ren , Ice Cube , Eazy-E , DJ Yella , Dr. Dre Background information Origin Compton, California , U.S. Genres West Coast hip hop Gangsta rap Years active 1987–1991, [1] 1998–2000, 2016 (partial reunion) Labels Ruthless Priority Associated acts The D.O.C. Past members Arabian Prince DJ Yella Dr. Dre Eazy-E Ice Cube MC Ren N.W.A (an abbreviation for Niggaz Wit Attitudes ) [2] [3] [4] was an American hip hop group from Compton, California . They were among the earliest and most significant popularizers and controversial figures of the gangsta rap subgenre, and are widely considered one of the greatest and most influential groups in the history of hip hop music. [5] Active from 1987 to 1991, [1] the rap group endured controversy owing to their music's explicit lyrics which many viewed as being misogynist, as well as to its glorification of drugs and crime. [6] The group was subsequently banned from many mainstream American radio stations. In spite of this, the group has sold over 10 million units in the United States alone. Drawing on their own experiences of racism and excessive policing, the group made inherently political music. [7] They were known for their deep hatred of the police system, which has sparked much controversy over the years. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p1 | The original lineup, formed in early 1987, [1] consisted of Arabian Prince , Dr. Dre , Eazy-E , and Ice Cube . DJ Yella and MC Ren joined later that year. They released their first compilation album as a group in 1987 called N.W.A. and the Posse which peaked at #39 on Billboard magazine's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Arabian Prince left shortly after the release of their debut studio album, Straight Outta Compton , in 1988, with Ice Cube following suit in December of the following year. Eazy-E, Ice Cube, MC Ren and Dr. Dre would later become platinum -selling solo artists in their own right in the 1990s. Their debut album marked the beginning of the new gangsta rap era as the production and social commentary in their lyrics were revolutionary within the genre. N.W.A's second studio album, Niggaz4Life , was the first hardcore rap album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 sales charts. [4] Rolling Stone ranked N.W.A number 83 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" . [8] In 2016, the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , following three previous nominations. Contents 1 History 1.1 Formation and "Panic Zone" (1987–88) 1.2 Straight Outta Compton , Eazy-Duz-It (1988–89) 1.3 100 Miles And Runnin' and Niggaz4Life (1989–91) |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p2 | 1.4 The end of N.W.A (1991–95) 1.5 Reunions and legacy (1995–present) 2 Members 3 Biopic 4 Influence 5 Discography 5.1 Studio albums 5.2 Compilation albums 5.3 Extended plays 6 See also 7 References History N.W.A logo Formation and "Panic Zone" (1987–88) Poster for one of N.W.A's first concerts at a Compton skating rink, 1988 N.W.A was assembled by Compton -based Eazy-E , who co-founded Ruthless Records with Jerry Heller . Eazy-E sought an introduction to Steve Yano. Although initially rebuffed, Yano was impressed by Eazy-E's persistence and arranged a meeting with Dr. Dre . [9] Initially, N.W.A consisted of Eazy-E and Dr. Dre. Together with fellow producer Arabian Prince , Ice Cube was added to the roster after he had started out as a rapper for the group C.I.A. [10] Dre would later bring DJ Yella on board as well. [11] Dre and Yella were both formerly members of the World Class Wreckin' Cru as DJs and producers. Ruthless released the single " Panic Zone " in 1987 with Macola Records, which was later included on the compilation album N.W.A. and the Posse . N.W.A was still in its developing stages, and is only credited on three of the eleven tracks, notably the uncharacteristic record "Panic Zone", "8-Ball", and "Dopeman", which marked the first collaboration of Arabian Prince, DJ Yella, Dr. Dre, and Ice Cube. Mexican rapper Krazy-Dee co-wrote "Panic Zone", which was originally called "Hispanic Zone", but the title was later changed when Dr. Dre advised Krazy-Dee that the word "hispanic" would hinder sales. [12] Also included was Eazy-E's solo track " Boyz-n-the-Hood ". [13] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p3 | Straight Outta Compton , Eazy-Duz-It (1988–89) N.W.A co-headlined Public Enemy's 1988 "Bring the Noise" concert tour. N.W.A released their debut studio album, Straight Outta Compton , in 1988. With its famous opening salvo of three tracks, the group reflected the rising anger of the urban youth. The opening song " Straight Outta Compton " introduced the group, " Fuck tha Police " protested police brutality and racial profiling , and " Gangsta Gangsta " painted the worldview of the inner-city youth. While the group was later credited with pioneering the burgeoning subgenre of gangsta rap , N.W.A referred to their music as "reality rap". [14] Twenty-seven years later, member and co-producer of the Straight Outta Compton film, Ice Cube, commented "they were talking about what really led into the style that we ended up doing, which is now called hardcore gangster rap." [15] Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, as HighPowered Productions, composed the beats for each song, with Dre making occasional rapping appearances. The D.O.C., Ice Cube, and MC Ren wrote most of the group's lyrics, including "Fuck tha Police", perhaps the group's most notorious song, which brought them into conflict with various law enforcement agencies . Under pressure from Focus on the Family , [16] Milt Ahlerich, an assistant director of the FBI sent a letter to Ruthless and its distributing company Priority Records , advising the rappers that "advocating violence and assault is wrong and we in the law enforcement community take exception to such action." This letter can still be seen at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland , Ohio . [17] Policemen refused to provide security for the group's concerts, hurting their plans to tour. Nonetheless, the FBI's letter only served to draw more publicity to the group. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p4 | Straight Outta Compton was also one of the first albums to adhere to the new Parental Advisory label scheme, then still in its early stages: the label at the time consisted of "WARNING: Moderate impact coarse language and/or themes" only. However, the taboo nature of N.W.A's music was the most important factor of its mass appeal. Media coverage compensated for N.W.A's lack of airplay and their album eventually went double platinum . [18] One month after Straight Outta Compton , Eazy-E's solo debut Eazy-Duz-It was released. The album was dominated by Eazy's persona (MC Ren was the only guest rapper) but behind the scenes it was a group effort. Music was handled by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella ; the lyrics were largely written by MC Ren, with contributions from Ice Cube and The D.O.C. The album was another double platinum success for Ruthless [19] (in addition to girl group J.J. Fad in 1988 and singer Michel'le in 1989). 1989 saw the re-issue of N.W.A and the Posse and Straight Outta Compton on CD, and the release of The D.O.C.'s No One Can Do It Better . His album was essentially a collaboration with Dr. Dre and notably free of "gangsta rap" content, including the N.W.A posse cut "The Grand Finalé". It would become another #1 album for the record label. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p5 | 100 Miles And Runnin' and Niggaz4Life (1989–91) Ice Cube left the group in December 1989 over royalty disputes; [4] having written almost half of the lyrics on Straight Outta Compton himself, he felt he was not getting a fair share of the profits. [20] A lawsuit brought by Ice Cube against band manager Jerry Heller was settled out of court. [21] He wasted little time putting together his solo debut, 1990's AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted , but he avoided mentioning his former label mates. N.W.A's title track from their 1990 EP 100 Miles and Runnin' , however, included a diss of Ice Cube: "We started with five, but yo / One couldn't take it—So now it's four / Cuz the fifth couldn't make it." The video for the song depicted the remaining members of N.W.A together in a jail cell, while an Ice Cube look-alike is released. Also heard on the EP (which found its way on the Efil4zaggin album) was "Real Niggaz", a full-blown diss on Ice Cube where the remaining members accuse him of cowardice, and question his authenticity, longevity and originality: "How the fuck you think a rapper lasts / With your ass sayin' shit that was said in the past / Yo, be original, your shit is sloppy / Get off the dick, you motherfuckin' carbon-copy" , and "We started out with too much cargo / So I'm glad we got rid of Benedict Arnold , yo." The song "100 Miles and Runnin'" was Dr. Dre's final uptempo recording, which had been a common feature of late 1980s hip hop. After this, he focused on a midtempo, synthesizer based sound which would become known as G-funk , starting with " Alwayz Into Somethin' " from Efil4zaggin in 1991. The G-funk style dominated both the West and East Coast hip hop music scene for several years to come. N.W.A is referenced on Ice Cube's 1990 EP, Kill at Will , where he name-checks his former group (likely in a mocking manner) on the song "Jackin' For Beats". On "I Gotta Say What Up!!!", Ice Cube gives shout-outs to his rap peers at the time, among them Public Enemy , Geto Boys , and Sir Jinx . At the end of the track, in what appears to be an on-the-phone interview, Ice Cube is asked, "Since you went solo, what's up with the rest of the crew?" and the phone is abruptly hung up on the interviewer. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p6 | The group's second full-length release, 1991's Efil4zaggin ("Niggaz4Life" spelled backwards), re-established the band in the face of Ice Cube's continued solo success. The album is considered by many Dr. Dre 's finest production work, and it heralded the beginning of the G-Funk era. It also showed a clear animosity towards their former member, and derogatory references to Ice Cube are found in several songs. The interlude "A Message to B.A." echoes the beginning of his song "Turn Off the Radio" from AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted : Ice Cube is first addressed by the name Benedict Arnold (after the infamous traitor of the American Revolution ) but then named outright in a torrent of abuse from both the group and its fans: "When we see yo' ass, we gon' cut yo' hair off and fuck you with a broomstick" spoken by MC Ren. The N.W.A–Ice Cube feud eventually escalated, both on record and in real life. AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted had avoided direct attacks on N.W.A, but on Death Certificate , Ice Cube's second full-length release, he retaliated. He sampled and mocked the "Message to B.A." skit before embarking on a full-blown tirade, the infamous " No Vaseline ". In a series of verses, Ice Cube verbally assaulted the group: "You lookin' like straight bozos / I saw it comin' that's why I went solo / Kept on stompin' / When y'all Muthafuckas moved Straight outta Compton / You got jealous when I got my own company / But I'm a man, and ain't nobody humpin' me." He also responded to members MC Ren, Dr. Dre, and Eazy-E individually to " 100 Miles and Runnin' ", claiming "I started off with too much cargo / Dropped four niggaz and now I'm makin' all the dough" , using homophobic metaphors to describe their unequal business relationship with Jerry Heller , who became the target of harsh insults: |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p7 | "Get rid of that devil real simple / Put a bullet in his temple / Cuz you can't be the 'Niggaz 4 Life' crew / With a white Jew tellin' you what to do." The song attracted controversy for its antisemitism (the beginning of such accusations against Ice Cube during his affiliation with the Nation of Islam ), based on the bashing of Heller's religion. [22] The track was omitted from the UK release, and later pressings included a censored version of the song. In September 1990, members of hip hop act Above the Law clashed with Ice Cube and his posse Da Lench Mob during the annual New Music Seminar conference, forcing the latter to flee the premises of Times Square 's Marriott Marquis , the venue of the event. [23] On January 27, 1991, Dr. Dre assaulted Dee Barnes , host of the hip hop show Pump It Up , after its coverage [24] of the N.W.A/Ice Cube beef. According to Rolling Stone reporter Alan Light: He picked her up and "began slamming her face and the right side of her body repeatedly against a wall near the stairway" as his bodyguard held off the crowd. After Dre tried to throw her down the stairs and failed, he began kicking her in the ribs and hands. She escaped and ran into the women's rest room. Dre followed her and "grabbed her from behind by the hair and proceeded to punch her in the back of the head." [25] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p8 | In response, Dre commented: "People talk all this shit, but you know, if somebody fucks with me, I'm gonna fuck with them. I just did it, you know. Ain't nothing you can do now by talking about it. Besides, it ain't no big thing—I just threw her through a door." [25] The end of N.W.A (1991–95) Eazy-E (pictured in 1993) feuded with the other former members of the group until his death in 1995 1991's Niggaz4Life would be the group's final album. After Dr. Dre, The D.O.C. and Michel'le departed from Ruthless to join Death Row Records and allegations over Eazy-E being coerced into signing away their contracts (while however retaining a portion of their publishing rights), a bitter rivalry ensued. [4] Dr. Dre began the exchange with Death Row's first release, 1992's Fuck Wit Dre Day (And Everybody's Celebratin') , and its accompanying video featured a character named "Sleazy-E" who ran around desperately trying to get money. The insults continued on The Chronic with "Bitches Ain't Shit". Eazy-E responded in 1993 with the EP It's On ( Dr. Dre ) 187um Killa on the tracks " Real Muthaphuckkin G's " and "It's On". Eazy-E accused Dr. Dre of being a homosexual, calling him a "she thang", and criticizing Dre's new image by calling him and Snoop "studio gangsters". The music video for "Real Muthaphuckkin G's" showed a still of Dre wearing make-up and a sequined jumpsuit. The photos dated back to Dr. Dre's World Class Wreckin' Cru days, when such fashion was common among West Coast electro hop artists, prior to N.W.A's popularization of gangsta rap. Eazy-E kept dissing Dre and Death Row on most of his songs until his AIDS -related death on March 26, 1995. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p9 | Even Eazy-E's longtime friend MC Ren voiced his dislike for Eazy-E in 1994, calling Eazy-E a "big-head" and "wannabe mega-star", and even suggesting that N.W.A should reunite without Eazy-E. [26] MC Ren later said that the only relationship he had with Eazy-E was through Ruthless Records, where he released several gold and platinum selling albums, including Kizz My Black Azz and Shock of the Hour . Eazy-E and MC Ren would squash their beef shortly before Eazy-E's death in their 1995 duet '" Tha Muthaphukkin' Real " after two years of not talking to each other. All bad blood finally ceased within the rest of the group. Dr. Dre, MC Ren and Ice Cube would later express their re-evaluated feelings to their old friend on 1998's "Ruthless for Life", 1999's "What's the Difference" and "Chin Check", 2000's "Hello", 2006's "Growin' Up", and in the 2011 music video " I Need a Doctor ". Reunions and legacy (1995–present) Having both parted with Ruthless Records on bad terms, tensions between Ice Cube and Dr. Dre eventually eased on their own. After Ice Cube made a cameo appearance in Dr. Dre's " Let Me Ride " video in 1993, the two recorded the hit song " Natural Born Killaz " for Snoop Doggy Dogg 's 1994 short film and soundtrack Murder Was the Case . Ice Cube also later appeared on MC Ren's album Ruthless for Life on the track " Comin' After You ". MC Ren appeared on Dre's 1999 album 2001 , and the three remaining N.W.A emcees would reunite for " Hello " on Ice Cube's 2000 album War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) , and the song " Chin Check " for the Next Friday soundtrack , a movie starring Ice Cube. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p10 | The West Coast and "gangsta" music scene had however fallen out of the spotlight since the death of Tupac Shakur in 1996, and it was only after Dr. Dre's successful patronage of Eminem and Dre's ensuing comeback album 2001 that the genre and its artists would regain the national spotlight. 2000's all-star Up In Smoke Tour would reunite much of the N.W.A and Death Row families, and during time spent on the road, Dre, Ice Cube, MC Ren, guest star Snoop Dogg and Eminem began recording in a mobile studio. A comeback album entitled Not These Niggaz Again was planned [27] (and would include DJ Yella, who had not been present on the tour). However, due to busy and conflicting schedules as well as the obstacles of coordinating three different record labels ( Priority , No Limit and Interscope ), obtaining the rights to the name N.W.A and endorsing the whole project to gain exclusive rights, the album never materialized. [28] Only two tracks from these sessions would be released: the aforementioned " Chin Check " (with Snoop Dogg as a member of N.W.A) from 2000's Next Friday soundtrack and " Hello " from Ice Cube's 2000 album War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) . Both songs would also appear on N.W.A's remastered Greatest Hits . There would also be partial reunions on other projects, notably "Set It Off", from Snoop Dogg's Tha Last Meal (2000), which featured MC Ren and Ice Cube, and The D.O.C.'s "The Shit", from his 2003 album Deuce , featuring MC Ren, Ice Cube, Snoop Dogg and Six-Two. Dr. Dre and DJ Yella were present in the studio for the latter song. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p11 | In addition to the Greatest Hits initially released by Priority in 1996, Capitol and Ruthless Records jointly released The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988–1998 in 1999, a compilation that contained songs by other rap artists and only three songs from the actual group but various solo tracks from the five members. The success of the album prompted a second volume, The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2 , three years later. It emulated the format of its predecessor, containing only three genuine N.W.A tracks and many solo efforts by the crew members. In 2007, a new greatest hits package was released, entitled The Best of N.W.A: The Strength of Street Knowledge . In 2014, Ice Cube appeared on MC Ren's remix for " Rebel Music ". This was the first time the duo had worked together since the N.W.A reunion in 2000. [29] On June 27, 2015, MC Ren and DJ Yella joined Ice Cube during his solo set as part of the BET Experience show at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California . This marked the first reunion performance of the group (minus Dr. Dre) in 15 years. Following a 27-year hiatus, the group reunited with surviving members Ice Cube, MC Ren, Dr. Dre and DJ Yella taking the stage during the second weekend of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2016, just days following the group's Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame induction. [30] [31] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p12 | Members Arabian Prince (1987–1988) DJ Yella (1987–1991, 1998–2000) Dr. Dre (1987–1991, 1998–2000) Eazy-E (1987–1991) Ice Cube (1987–1989, 1998–2000) MC Ren (1987–1991, 1998–2000) Biopic Main article: Straight Outta Compton (film) New Line Cinema representatives announced to Entertainment Weekly 's "Hollywood Insider Blog" that N.W.A's story was in development to become a feature film for theatrical release in 2012. However, it was delayed to sometime in 2014. The script was researched and written by filmmaker S. Leigh Savidge and radio veteran Alan Wenkus , who worked closely with Eazy-E's widow, Tomica Woods-Wright. [32] Ice Cube and Dr. Dre act as producers of the film. In September 2011, John Singleton [33] was selected as director. Ice Cube and Singleton previously collaborated on Boyz n the Hood , a movie that was nominated for an Academy Award , and Ice Cube also played the part of the character "Fudge" in Singleton's Higher Learning . Casting calls began in the summer of 2010. There were rumors of Lil Eazy-E playing his late father Eazy-E, and Ice Cube's son and fellow rapper O'Shea Jackson Jr. playing his father as well. Ice Cube stated of the movie, "We're taking it to the nooks and crannies, I think deeper than any other article or documentary on the group," he said. "These are the intimate conversations that helped forge N.W.A. To me, I think it's interesting to anybody who loves that era and I don't know any other movie where you can mix Gangster Rap, the F.B.I., L.A. riots, HIV, and fucking feuding with each other. This movie has everything from Darryl Gates and the battering ram." [34] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p13 | In August 2012, F. Gary Gray was selected as director rather than Singleton. [35] The film, named Straight Outta Compton , had been picked up by Universal Pictures who hired Jonathan Herman [36] in December 2013 to draft a new script and brought in Will Packer to executive produce. [37] [38] On February 21, 2014, director F. Gary Gray announced a March 9, 2014 open casting call for the film via his Twitter account. [39] There were also open casting calls in Atlanta and Chicago . [40] [41] Rapper YG auditioned to play MC Ren in the film. [42] The project was scheduled to start filming in April 2014 but was pushed backed due to casting delays. [43] [44] [45] On June 18, 2014, Universal officially announced that the N.W.A biopic Straight Outta Compton would be released August 14, 2015. It was also confirmed that Ice Cube's son, O'Shea Jackson Jr., would play a younger version of his father in the movie. O'Shea Jr. joined Jason Mitchell and Corey Hawkins who will portray group members Eazy-E and Dr. Dre, respectively, in the film. [46] To round out the cast of N.W.A, Aldis Hodge plays MC Ren and Neil Brown Jr. portrays DJ Yella . [47] [48] In early July 2014, casting directors for the N.W.A biopic issued a casting call for extras and vintage cars in the Los Angeles area for scenes in the movie. According to the casting call release, the film began filming in August 2014 and was released a year later on August 14, 2015. The film received positive reviews and grossed over $200 million worldwide. [49] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p14 | Influence "Fuck the police" graffiti in Cairo , 2011 Although the group disbanded in 1991, they remain one of the greatest and most influential hip-hop groups, leaving a lasting legacy on hip hop music in the following decades. [ citation needed ] Their influence, from their funky, bass-driven beats to their exaggerated lyrics, was evident throughout the 1990s and even into the present, and is often credited as bridging the white/black American musical lines with their appeal to white Americans in the late 1980s. [50] In Dr. Dre 's 1999 single " Forgot About Dre ", Eminem pays homage to the group, rapping "So what do you say to somebody you hate or anyone tryna bring trouble your way, Wanna resolve things in a bloodier way, Then just study a tape of N.W.A" referring to the negative reception of N.W.A's works by the mainstream radio, which considered their songs to be violent. [51] A scene in the music video for the 2005 single " Hate It or Love It " by The Game featuring 50 Cent shows Tequan Richmond and Zachary Williams (portraying a youthful Game & 50 Cent respectively) being caught spraypainting "N.W.A" on a wall, resulting in their subsequent arrest by two policemen. The Game also has a tattoo that says "N.W.A" on the right side of his chest. [52] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p15 | Discography Main article: N.W.A discography N.W.A graffiti Studio albums Straight Outta Compton (1988) Niggaz4Life (1991) Compilation albums N.W.A. and the Posse (1987) Greatest Hits (1996) Straight Outta Compton: N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute (1998) The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988–1998 (1999) The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2 (2002) The Best of N.W.A: The Strength of Street Knowledge (2006) Family Tree (2008) Extended plays 100 Miles and Runnin' (1990) See also Fear of a Black Hat 1980s portal 1990s portal References ^ a b c Shaheem Reid (2001-12-19). "UNRELEASED EAZY-E TRACKS COMING IN MARCH" . MTV News . Retrieved 2019-11-17 . ^ Potter, Russel A. (1995). Spectacular Vernaculars: Hip-Hop and the Politics of Postmodernism . New York City: State University of New York Press . p. 50. ISBN 0-7914-2626-2 . ^ "Ice Cube produces N.W.A biopic" . Filmstarts.de . Retrieved 2010-10-14 . ^ a b c d Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "N.W.A. Biography" . allmusic . Retrieved 2007-08-17 . ^ White, Miles (2011). From Jim Crow to Jay-Z: Race, Rap and the Performance of Masculinity . Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press . pp. 64, 74. ISBN 978-0-252-03662-0 . ^ "NWA Biography" . www.nwaworld.com . NWA World . Retrieved 25 December 2014 . ... a self-consciously violent and dangerous lyrical stance ... ridiculously violent and misogynist lyrics. ^ "Straight Outta Compton and the Social Burdens of Hip-Hop" . The Atlantic. Retrieved August 20, 2017 |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p16 | ^ "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" , Rolling Stone . ^ "Parental Advisory: Explicit Lyrics - latimes" . Articles.latimes.com. 2002-04-14 . Retrieved 2015-07-26 . ^ "The Posse Project" . Phoenix New Times . Retrieved 2011-01-17 . ^ "DJ Yella interview" . AftermathMusic.com . Retrieved 2011-01-17 . ^ Cizmar, Martin (March 22, 2010). "Krazy D: What Happened After N.W.A. and the Posse?" . Phoenix New Times . Retrieved 2012-04-11 . ^ Henderson, Alex. "N.W.A and the Posse" – Overview AllMusic . Retrieved August 17, 2007. ^ Duff, S.L. N.W.A. YA BOY Biography . Yahoo! Music . Retrieved August 17, 2007. ^ "Ice Cube discusses what was happening in the 80s" . The Huffington Post . Retrieved February 20, 2016 . ^ Nuzum, Eric (2001). Parental Advisory: Music Censorship in America . New York City: HarperCollins . p. 111. ISBN 0-688-16772-1 . ^ Boucher, Geoff (2008-08-16). "Rapper Ice Cube talks about the 20th anniversary of N.W.A's Straight Outta Compton " . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2008-08-24 . ^ Huey, Steve. "Straight Outta Compton > Overview" . allmusic . Retrieved 2007-08-17 . ^ Nadia Vega (2015-05-17). "Biography #5 | Amazing Pictures and Wallpapers | World Amazing Pictures and HD Wallpapers" . Easye.info. Archived from the original on 2016-01-27 . Retrieved 2015-07-26 . ^ Leigh, Danny. "Chillin' With Cube" . The Guardian , 25 February 2000. |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p17 | ^ Ice Cube: Attitude, Joel McIver, p.70, Foruli Classics, 2012 ^ Nuzum, p. 113. ^ Blackwell, Mark. "No More Rap Music At New Music Seminar?", Spin , October 1990, p. 22. ^ Rose, Tricia (1994). Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America . Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press . p. 179. ISBN 0-8195-6275-0 . ^ a b Light, Alan. "Beating Up the Charts". Rolling Stone , 8 August 1991, p. 66. ^ O'Connor, Christopher. Shock Treatment , The Source , February 7, 1994. ^ O'Connor, Christopher. Reunited N.W.A Get Serious About Recording Album , MTV , December 7, 1999. ^ Moss, Corey. N.W.A. May Still Have Attitude but They Don't Have an Album , MTV , April 25, 2002. ^ Tardio, Andres. MC Ren Announces Ice Cube Reunion, Disses This Era Of Rap , HipHopDX , May 30, 2014. ^ "N.W.A. Reunites at Coachella with Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, DJ Yella, MC Ren «" . Radio.com . 2016-04-24 . Retrieved 2016-09-04 . ^ "Dr. Dre joins Ice Cube for Coachella's second weekend" . LA Times . 2016-04-24 . Retrieved 2016-09-04 . ^ Ramos, Mike ‘Compton’ writer is straight outta Seattle Seattle Times . September 5, 2015 ^ Green, Emily (September 21, 2011). "John Singleton & Ice Cube Plan N.W.A. Biopic "Straight Outta Compton " " . Guest of a Guest. Archived from the original on November 25, 2011 . Retrieved 2012-04-11 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p18 | ^ Meara, Paul. "Ice Cube Wants His Son O'Shea To Play Him In N.W.A Biopic | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales | HipHop DX" . HipHopDX . Cheri Media Group. 2014-02-22. ^ Homie, Big. (2012-08-13) N.W.A Movie Begins Filming Archived 2013-08-29 at the Wayback Machine . Rap Radar. Retrieved on 2014-04-11. ^ "Jonathan Herman" . IMDb.com . Retrieved 2014-04-11 . ^ N.W.A. Biopic 'Straight Outta Compton' Brings On Writer . Vibe (2013-12-19). Retrieved on 2014-04-11. ^ N.W.A Casting Call: Who Should Play Ice Cube, Dr. Dre In 'Straight Outta Compton'? . MTV.com (2014-01-08). Retrieved on 2014-04-11. ^ Director F. Gary Gray Announces Open Casting Call For N.W.A. Biopic (Details) | Shadow and Act Archived 2014-08-19 at the Wayback Machine . Blogs.indiewire.com. Retrieved on 2014-04-11. ^ N.W.A Straight Outta Compton Acting Auditions for Lead Roles – Project Casting . Projectcasting.com. Retrieved on 2014-04-11. ^ 'N.W.A.' biopic to hold casting call in Chicago - Chicago Tribune . Articles.chicagotribune.com (2014-03-13). Retrieved on 2014-04-11. ^ The Breakfast Club Interviews YG & DJ Mustard Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine . Rap Radar (2014-03-21). Retrieved on 2014-04-11. ^ Ice Cube: NWA biopic set for shooting in April . The Voice Online (2014-02-20). Retrieved on 2014-04-11. ^ "Straight Outta Casting Hell: A Refresher Course on the Possibly Reignited N.W.A Feud «" . Grantland.com. 2014-01-10 . Retrieved 2015-07-26 . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p19 | ^ "Ice Cube Reveals Why He Wouldn't Cast Lil Eazy-E For N.W.A. Flick | For The Best In Hip-Hop News" . SOHH.com. 2014-07-30 . Retrieved 2015-07-26 . ^ Lee, Ashley (2014-06-18). "[PHOTO] N.W.A. Biopic 'Straight Outta Compton' First Look" . Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2015-07-26 . ^ "NWA Biopic 'Straight Outta Compton' Finds Its MC Ren and DJ Yella" . Movieweb.com. 2014-07-29 . Retrieved 2015-07-26 . ^ Perlman, Jake (2014-07-29). "Casting Net: N.W.A biopic 'Straight Outta Compton' completes casting | EW.com" . Insidemovies.ew.com . Retrieved 2015-07-26 . ^ "NWA Biopic "Straight Outta Compton" Casting Call for Cars in Los Angeles" . Projectcasting.com. 2014-07-08 . Retrieved 2015-07-26 . ^ White, Miles (2011). From Jim Crow to Jay-Z: Race, Rap and the Performance of Masculinity . Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 64, 74. ISBN 978-0-252-03662-0 ^ "Dr. Dre – Forgot About Dre Lyrics" . Rap Genius . Retrieved 13 October 2012 . ^ "Hip-Hop Smackdown: It's All a Game" . Playahata.com . Retrieved 16 October 2012 . v t e N.W.A DJ Yella Arabian Prince Ice Cube MC Ren Dr. Dre Eazy-E Studio albums Straight Outta Compton Niggaz4Life Extended plays 100 Miles and Runnin' Compilations N.W.A. and the Posse Greatest Hits 10th Anniversary Tribute The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1 The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2 The Strength of Street Knowledge Family Tree |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p20 | Singles " Panic Zone " " Straight Outta Compton " " Gangsta Gangsta " " Express Yourself " " 100 Miles and Runnin' " " Alwayz into Somethin' " " Appetite for Destruction " " The Dayz of Wayback " " Chin Check " Other songs " Fuck tha Police " Films Niggaz4Life: The Only Home Video Straight Outta Compton Straight Outta L.A. Related articles Discography Songs Ruthless Records Jerry Heller The D.O.C. Book v t e Ruthless Records Key people Eazy-E (founder) Jerry Heller (co-founder) Albums Ruthless Records Tenth Anniversary: Decade of Game Related Ruthless Records discography N.W.A Priority Records v t e Rock and Roll Hall of Fame – Class of 2016 Performers Cheap Trick Bun E. Carlos , Rick Nielsen , Tom Petersson , Robin Zander Chicago Peter Cetera , Terry Kath , Robert Lamm , Lee Loughnane , James Pankow , Walter Parazaider , Danny Seraphine Deep Purple Ritchie Blackmore , David Coverdale , Rod Evans , Ian Gillan , Roger Glover , Glenn Hughes , Jon Lord , Ian Paice N.W.A DJ Yella , Ice Cube , Dr. Dre , Eazy-E , MC Ren Steve Miller Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award) Bert Berns Authority control BNF : cb13932827g (data) GND : 1086139208 ISNI : 0000 0001 2298 6833 LCCN : nr97016264 MusicBrainz : 3a54bffa-2314-44a2-927b-60144119c780 NKC : xx0014172 |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p21 | VIAF : 154926482 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 154926482 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1333 Cached time: 20191118153819 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.816 seconds Real time usage: 1.256 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3026/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 95847/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4760/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/40 Expensive parser function count: 14/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 97004/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.378/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7.37 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1090.593 1 -total 34.02% 371.051 1 Template:Reflist 19.05% 207.780 21 Template:Cite_web 15.27% 166.558 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 13.31% 145.138 1 Template:Infobox 9.40% 102.476 1 Template:Authority_control 8.03% 87.543 1 Template:Pp-semi-indef 5.66% 61.777 1 Template:Citation_needed 5.05% 55.071 1 Template:Fix 4.20% 45.781 1 Template:ISBN Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:21149-0!canonical and timestamp 20191118153818 and revision id 926656259 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N.W.A&oldid=926656259 " Categories : N.W.A 1986 establishments in California 1991 disestablishments in California African-American musical groups Dr. Dre Eazy-E Gangsta rap groups Ice Cube MC Ren Musical groups disestablished in 1991 Musical groups established in 1986 Musical groups from Los Angeles Obscenity controversies in music Priority Records artists Ruthless Records artists West Coast hip hop groups Negro Hidden categories: Pages using Timeline Webarchive template wayback links Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Articles with short description Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016 Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191121042300id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A_p22 | Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read View source View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية تۆرکجه Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gàidhlig 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Kiswahili Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Монгол Nederlands 日本語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Tarandíne ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 17 November 2019, at 21:27 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126211214id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_p0 | Ecology - Wikipedia CentralNotice Ecology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other uses, see Ecology (disambiguation) . Scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment Ecology Ecology addresses the full scale of life, from tiny bacteria to processes that span the entire planet. Ecologists study many diverse and complex relations among species, such as predation and pollination . The diversity of life is organized into different habitats , from terrestrial (middle) to aquatic ecosystems . Ecology (from Greek : οἶκος , "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") [A] is a branch of biology [1] that studies the interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment , which includes both biotic and abiotic components. Topics of interest include the biodiversity , distribution, biomass , and populations of organisms, as well as cooperation and competition within and between species . Ecosystems are dynamically interacting systems of organisms , the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production , pedogenesis , nutrient cycling , and niche construction , regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits. Ecology is not synonymous with environmentalism , natural history, or environmental science . It overlaps with the closely related sciences of evolutionary biology , genetics , and ethology . An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126211214id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_p1 | Life processes, interactions, and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment . Ecology has practical applications in conservation biology , wetland management, natural resource management ( agroecology , agriculture , forestry , agroforestry , fisheries ), city planning ( urban ecology ), community health , economics , basic and applied science , and human social interaction ( human ecology ). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living ( biotic ) and non-living ( abiotic ) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber, and medicine), the regulation of climate , global biogeochemical cycles , water filtration , soil formation , erosion control, flood protection, and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value. The word "ecology" ("Ökologie") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel . Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. [2] Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history . Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory . |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126211214id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_p2 | Contents 1 Levels, scope, and scale of organization 1.1 Hierarchy 1.2 Biodiversity 1.3 Habitat 1.4 Niche 1.5 Niche construction 1.6 Biome 1.7 Biosphere 1.8 Population ecology 1.9 Metapopulations and migration 1.10 Community ecology 1.11 Ecosystem ecology 1.12 Food webs 1.13 Trophic levels 1.14 Keystone species 2 Ecological complexity 2.1 Holism 3 Relation to evolution 3.1 Behavioural ecology 3.2 Cognitive ecology 3.3 Social ecology 3.4 Coevolution 3.5 Biogeography 3.5.1 r/K selection theory 3.6 Molecular ecology 4 Human ecology 4.1 Restoration and management 5 Relation to the environment 5.1 Disturbance and resilience 5.2 Metabolism and the early atmosphere 5.3 Radiation: heat, temperature and light 5.4 Physical environments 5.4.1 Water 5.4.2 Gravity 5.4.3 Pressure 5.4.4 Wind and turbulence 5.4.5 Fire 5.4.6 Soils 5.4.7 Biogeochemistry and climate 6 History 6.1 Early beginnings 6.2 Since 1900 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Levels, scope, and scale of organization [ edit ] The scope of ecology contains a wide array of interacting levels of organization spanning micro-level (e.g., cells ) to a planetary scale (e.g., biosphere ) phenomena . Ecosystems, for example, contain abiotic resources and interacting life forms (i.e., individual organisms that aggregate into populations which aggregate into distinct ecological communities). Ecosystems are dynamic, they do not always follow a linear successional path, but they are always changing, sometimes rapidly and sometimes so slowly that it can take thousands of years for ecological processes to bring about certain successional stages of a forest. An ecosystem's area can vary greatly, from tiny to vast. A single tree is of little consequence to the classification of a forest ecosystem, but critically relevant to organisms living in and on it. [3] Several generations of an aphid population can exist over the lifespan of a single leaf. Each of those aphids, in turn, support diverse bacterial communities. [4] The nature of connections in ecological communities cannot be explained by knowing the details of each species in isolation, because the emergent pattern is neither revealed nor predicted until the ecosystem is studied as an integrated whole. [5] Some ecological principles, however, do exhibit collective properties where the sum of the components explain the properties of the whole, such as birth rates of a population being equal to the sum of individual births over a designated time frame. [6] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126211214id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_p3 | The main subdisciplines of ecology, population (or community ) ecology and ecosystem ecology , exhibit a difference not only of scale, but also of two contrasting paradigms in the field. The former focus on organisms' distribution and abundance, while the later focus on materials and energy fluxes. [7] Hierarchy [ edit ] See also: Biological organisation and Biological classification System behaviors must first be arrayed into different levels of organization. Behaviors corresponding to higher levels occur at slow rates. Conversely, lower organizational levels exhibit rapid rates. For example, individual tree leaves respond rapidly to momentary changes in light intensity, CO 2 concentration, and the like. The growth of the tree responds more slowly and integrates these short-term changes. O'Neill et al. (1986) [8] : 76 The scale of ecological dynamics can operate like a closed system, such as aphids migrating on a single tree, while at the same time remain open with regard to broader scale influences, such as atmosphere or climate. Hence, ecologists classify ecosystems hierarchically by analyzing data collected from finer scale units, such as vegetation associations, climate, and soil types, and integrate this information to identify emergent patterns of uniform organization and processes that operate on local to regional, landscape , and chronological scales. To structure the study of ecology into a conceptually manageable framework, the biological world is organized into a nested hierarchy , ranging in scale from genes , to cells , to tissues , to organs , to organisms , to species , to populations , to communities , to ecosystems , to biomes , and up to the level of the biosphere . [9] This framework forms a panarchy [10] and exhibits non-linear behaviors; this means that "effect and cause are disproportionate, so that small changes to critical variables, such as the number of nitrogen fixers , can lead to disproportionate, perhaps irreversible, changes in the system properties." [11] : 14 |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126211214id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_p4 | Biodiversity [ edit ] Main article: Biodiversity Biodiversity refers to the variety of life and its processes. It includes the variety of living organisms, the genetic differences among them, the communities and ecosystems in which they occur, and the ecological and evolutionary processes that keep them functioning, yet ever changing and adapting. Noss & Carpenter (1994) [12] : 5 Biodiversity (an abbreviation of "biological diversity") describes the diversity of life from genes to ecosystems and spans every level of biological organization. The term has several interpretations, and there are many ways to index, measure, characterize, and represent its complex organization. [13] [14] [15] Biodiversity includes species diversity , ecosystem diversity , and genetic diversity and scientists are interested in the way that this diversity affects the complex ecological processes operating at and among these respective levels. [14] [16] [17] Biodiversity plays an important role in ecosystem services which by definition maintain and improve human quality of life. [15] [18] [19] Conservation priorities and management techniques require different approaches and considerations to address the full ecological scope of biodiversity. Natural capital that supports populations is critical for maintaining ecosystem services [20] [21] and species migration (e.g., riverine fish runs and avian insect control) has been implicated as one mechanism by which those service losses are experienced. [22] An understanding of biodiversity has practical applications for species and ecosystem-level conservation planners as they make management recommendations to consulting firms, governments, and industry. [23] |
http://web.archive.org/web/20191126211214id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_p5 | Habitat [ edit ] Main article: Habitat Biodiversity of a coral reef . Corals adapt to and modify their environment by forming calcium carbonate skeletons. This provides growing conditions for future generations and forms a habitat for many other species. [24] Long-tailed broadbill building its nest The habitat of a species describes the environment over which a species is known to occur and the type of community that is formed as a result. [25] More specifically, "habitats can be defined as regions in environmental space that are composed of multiple dimensions, each representing a biotic or abiotic environmental variable; that is, any component or characteristic of the environment related directly (e.g. forage biomass and quality) or indirectly (e.g. elevation) to the use of a location by the animal." [26] : 745 For example, a habitat might be an aquatic or terrestrial environment that can be further categorized as a montane or alpine ecosystem. Habitat shifts provide important evidence of competition in nature where one population changes relative to the habitats that most other individuals of the species occupy. For example, one population of a species of tropical lizard ( Tropidurus hispidus ) has a flattened body relative to the main populations that live in open savanna. The population that lives in an isolated rock outcrop hides in crevasses where its flattened body offers a selective advantage. Habitat shifts also occur in the developmental life history of amphibians, and in insects that transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. Biotope and habitat are sometimes used interchangeably, but the former applies to a community's environment, whereas the latter applies to a species' environment. [25] [27] [28] |