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“The most famous of these studies, published in 2010 by Paul Kench and Arthur Webb of the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission in Fiji, showed that of 27 Pacific islands, 14% lost area. | Paul Kench at the University of Auckland in New Zealand and Arthur Webb at the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission in Fiji released a study in 2010 on the dynamic response of atolls and reef islands in the central Pacific. | 1 | [
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"There are many urgent priorities that need the attention of Congress, and it is not for me as an invited guest in your country to say what they are. | This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers. | 0 | [
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Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet. | Increased concentrations of gases such as CO 2 (~20%), ozone and N 2O are external forcing on the other hand. | 0 | [
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Global warming' is a myth — so say 80 graphs from 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 2017. | Academic analysis of the peer-reviewed studies published at that time shows that most papers examining aspects of climate during the 1970s were either neutral or showed a warming trend. | 1 | [
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Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940. | The Little Ice Age was a period from about 1550 to 1850 when the world experienced relatively cooler temperatures compared to the time before and after. | 1 | [
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Droughts and floods have not changed since we’ve been using fossil fuels | The increased demands are contributing to increased environmental degradation and to global warming, with resultant intensification of tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, forest fires, and incidence of hyperthermia deaths. | 1 | [
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The majority of peer reviewed research at the time predicted warming due to increasing CO2. | Climate sensitivity is defined as the amount of global average surface warming following a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations. | 0 | [
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In other words, there is as yet no incontrovertible proof either of the greenhouse effect, or its connection with alleged global warming. | Play media Climate change denial, or global warming denial is denial, dismissal, or unwarranted doubt that contradicts the scientific consensus on climate change, including the extent to which it is caused by humans, its effects on nature and human society, or the potential of adaptation to global warming by human actions. | 1 | [
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Domino-effect of climate events could move Earth into a ‘hothouse’ state | Self-reinforcing feedbacks in the carbon cycle and planetary reflectivity could trigger a cascading set of tipping points that lead the world into a hothouse climate state. | 1 | [
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Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades. | On 22 April 2016 (Earth Day), 174 countries signed the agreement in New York, and began adopting it within their own legal systems (through ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession). | 0 | [
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In their worst-case scenario, the sea level could rise by six feet by the end of this century, and the pace could pick up drastically in the 22nd century. | Convection within the interior of the planet transports more energy to the poles, balancing out the temperatures at the cloud layer. | 0 | [
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The heat extremes were especially pervasive in the Arctic, with temperatures in the fall running 20 to 30 degrees Fahrenheit above normal across large stretches of the Arctic Ocean. | They typically occur when a layer of warm air hovers over a region, but the ambient temperature a few meters above the ground is near or below 0 °C (32 °F), and the ground temperature is sub-freezing. | 0 | [
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“We’ve known about [the greenhouse effect] for more than a century. | "Centennial-scale climate cooling with a sudden event around 8,200 years ago". | 0 | [
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the bushfires [in Australia] were caused by arsonists and a series of lightning strikes, not 'climate change' | "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive" (Tweet). | 0 | [
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Worst-case global heating scenarios may need to be revised upwards in light of a better understanding of the role of clouds, scientists have said. | The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) refers to the equilibrium change in global mean near-surface air temperature that would result from a sustained doubling of the atmospheric equivalent CO 2 concentration (ΔT2×). | 0 | [
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The PDO shows no trend, and therefore the PDO is not responsible for the trend of global warming. | The Antarctic Peninsula ( AP ) is often described as a region with one of the largest warming trends on Earth since the 1950s, based on the temperature trend of 0.54 °C / decade during 1951–2011 recorded at Faraday / Vernadsky station. | 1 | [
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More money is dedicated within the Department of Homeland Security to climate change than what's spent combating Islamist terrorists radicalizing over the Internet in the United States of America. | Terrorist Attacks in Kenya Reveal Domestic Radicalization. | 1 | [
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On a world scale coral reefs are in decline. | Global assessments of coral reefs of the world continue to report drastic and rapid rates of decline. | 1 | [
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“Sea level rise is global. | Since at least the start of the 20th century, the average global sea level has been rising. | 1 | [
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The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen. | Further examples include sea level rise, widespread melting of snow and land ice, increased heat content of the oceans, increased humidity, and the earlier timing of spring events, such as the flowering of plants. | 1 | [
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“As soon as renewables were introduced into the grid, electricity prices increased and delivery became unreliable. | By 2012, 10% of U.S. electricity shall come from renewable sources and 25% by 2025. | 0 | [
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Scientists tried to 'hide the decline' in global temperature | The phrase hide the decline referred specifically to the divergence problem in which some post 1960 tree ring proxy data indicates a decline while measured temperatures rise. | 1 | [
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Polar bears are in danger of extinction as well as many other species. | A leap year (also known as an intercalary year or bissextile year) is a calendar year containing an additional day (or, in the case of lunisolar calendars, a month) added to keep the calendar year synchronized with the astronomical or seasonal year. | 0 | [
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If the same eruptions had happened near the more recent end of the dataset, they could have pushed the overall trend into negative numbers, or a long-term cooling,’ Christy said.” | The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue into the Cenozoic Era. | 1 | [
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IPCC overestimate temperature rise. | The TAR estimate for the climate sensitivity is 1.5 to 4.5 °C; and the average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 Celsius degrees over the period 1990 to 2100, and the sea level is projected to rise by 0.1 to 0.9 metres over the same period. | 1 | [
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CO2 limits won't cool the planet. | "Australia's extreme heat is sign of things to come, scientists warn". | 0 | [
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Less energy is escaping to space : Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time. | Examples of mitigation include reducing energy demand by increasing energy efficiency, phasing out fossil fuels by switching to low-carbon energy sources, and removing carbon dioxide from Earth's atmosphere. | 1 | [
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But when the Arctic warms up faster than the equator does […] the jet stream’s flow can become weakened and elongated. | The additional snowfall causes increased ice flow of the ice sheet into the ocean, so that the mass gain due to snowfall is partially compensated. | 0 | [
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Measurements indicating that 2017 had relatively more sea ice in the Arctic and less melting of glacial ice in Greenland casts scientific doubt on the reality of global warming. | Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice. | 1 | [
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When the Emergency Leaders for Climate Action approached the Federal Government in April they were drawing on decades of data showing that fire conditions are getting worse. | Uncertainty over feedbacks is the major reason why different climate models project different magnitudes of warming for a given amount of emissions. | 0 | [
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For instance, in the original hockey stick (ending 1980) the last 30-40 years of data points slightly downwards. | Others note that while the economy had stabilized and was growing by the late 1980s, inequality widened: nearly 45% of the population had fallen into poverty while the wealthiest 10% had seen their incomes rise by 83%. | 0 | [
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In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea level has risen at an average of 4 feet / century, though it is now rising much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone. | During the last glacial period the sea-level has fluctuated 20–30 m as water was sequestered, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. | 1 | [
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Short term cooling over the last few years is largely due to a strong La Nina phase in the Pacific Ocean and a prolonged solar minimum. | An example is absorption or emission of radio waves by antennas, or absorption of microwaves by water or other molecules with an electric dipole moment, as for example inside a microwave oven. | 0 | [
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The figure traditionally cited that suggests 97 per cent of climate scientists agree that global warming is man-made was also found to be flawed. | Climate is the statistics (usually, mean or variability) of weather: the classical period for averaging weather variables is 30 years in accordance with the definition set by the World Meteorological Organization.Instrumental temperature records have shown a robust multi-decadal long-term trend of global warming since the end of the 19th century, reversing longer term cooling in previous centuries as seen in paleoclimate records. | 0 | [
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The heatwave we now have in Europe is not something that was expected with just 1C of warming | June 2019 was the hottest month on record worldwide, the effects of this were especially prominent in Europe. | 1 | [
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temperatures were 6-10C above normal over most of France, Germany and northern Spain during the final days of the month, according to C3S. | The three main reasons warming causes global sea level to rise are: oceans expand, ice sheets lose ice faster than it forms from snowfall, and glaciers at higher altitudes also melt. | 0 | [
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None of these places, which today supply much of the world’s food, will be reliable sources of any. | Biodiversity is also important to the security of resources such as water, timber, paper, fiber, and food. | 1 | [
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It has occurred during the warmest year on record, which occurred in 2015, and the two most unusually mild months on Earth, which took place in January and February, respectively.” | Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade. | 0 | [
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Drought in the western U.S. pales in comparison to the mega-droughts tree rings tell us existed in centuries past. | During a 200-year mega drought in the Sierra Nevada that lasted from the 9th to the 12th centuries, trees would grow on newly exposed shoreline at Fallen Leaf Lake, then as the lake grew once again, the trees were preserved under cold water. | 1 | [
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An area of coastal ecosystems larger than New York City is destroyed every year, removing an important buffer from extreme weather for coastal communities and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. | The main reinforcing feedbacks are the water vapour feedback, the ice–albedo feedback, and probably the net effect of clouds. | 0 | [
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If the same eruptions had happened near the more recent end of the dataset, they could have pushed the overall trend into negative numbers, or a long-term cooling,’ Christy said.” | For example, Ross McKitrick and Patrick J. Michaels conducted a statistical study of surface-temperature data regressed against socioeconomic indicators, and concluded that about half of the observed warming trend (for 1979–2002) could be accounted for by the residual UHI effects in the corrected temperature data set they studied—which had already been processed to remove the (modeled) UHI contribution. | 0 | [
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Sea level rise is now increasing faster than predicted due to unexpectedly rapid ice melting. | Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century. | 0 | [
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Big rooftop solar's plan forces Nevada families who don't have solar panels to pay higher power bills to subsidize rooftop solar. | Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009. | 0 | [
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[ … ]until we develop a practical, cost-competitive alternative to fossil fuels, it is unlikely that renewable energy will ever make up more than 15-20% of global energy requirements. | The production of cellulosic ethanol represents not only a step toward true energy diversity for the country, but a very cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. | 1 | [
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"The solubility of carbon dioxide in water is listed in the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics as a declining function of temperature. ... | Radiative forcing is a measure of how various factors alter the energy balance of the Earth's atmosphere. | 0 | [
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The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970. | The Sun is gradually becoming hotter during its time on the main sequence, because the helium atoms in the core occupy less volume than the hydrogen atoms that were fused. | 1 | [
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But the observed warming as monitored by satellites ( our only truly global monitoring system ) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening. | It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming. | 1 | [
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The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880. | Between 1993 and 2018, thermal expansion of the oceans contributed 42% to sea level rise; the melting of temperate glaciers, 21%; Greenland, 15%; and Antarctica, 8%. | 1 | [
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By 2080, without dramatic reductions in emissions, southern Europe will be in permanent extreme drought, much worse than the American dust bowl ever was. | A drought in the 1930s known as the Dust Bowl affected 50 million acres of farmland in the central United States. | 1 | [
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By regulating the Earth’s cloud cover, the Sun can turn the temperature up and down. ... | Without the Earth's atmosphere, the Earth's average temperature would be well below the freezing temperature of water. | 1 | [
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the bushfires [ in Australia ] were caused by arsonists and a series of lightning strikes, not 'climate change' | Man-made events include arcing from overhead power lines, arson, accidental ignition in the course of agricultural clearing, grinding and welding activities, campfires, cigarettes and dropped matches, sparks from machinery, and controlled burn escapes. | 1 | [
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While volcanic eruptions are natural events, it was the timing of these that had such a noticeable effect on the trend | The Little Ice Age was a period of several centuries during the last millennium during which global temperatures were depressed; the cooling was associated with volcanic eruptions. | 1 | [
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Ocean levels have been rising for the last 20,000 years[…] No climate scientist can tell you when natural sea level rise stopped and man-made sea level rise began. | The effects of climate change have been projected to make heat waves in places such as Europe up to five times more likely to occur. | 0 | [
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When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower. | Less direct geological evidence indicates that CO2 values have not been this high for millions of years. | 1 | [
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Sending oscillating microwaves from an antenna inside a vacuum through an electromagnetic field through a dielectric material, such as water, creates radio frequency heating at the molecular level | An example is absorption or emission of radio waves by antennas, or absorption of microwaves by water or other molecules with an electric dipole moment, as for example inside a microwave oven. | 1 | [
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Global human emissions are only 3 per cent of total annual emissions. | In 2008, countries with a Kyoto cap made up less than one-third of annual global carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. | 1 | [
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But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material. | The enormous weight of this ice caused the surface of the Earth's crust to deform and warp downward, forcing the viscoelastic mantle material to flow away from the loaded region. | 1 | [
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the cascading effects of climate change contributed to the rise of ISIS. | Field evidence for a rapidly cascading underground food web. | 1 | [
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Burning fuel to produce fertiliser to grow feed, to produce meat and to transport it - and clearing vegetation for grazing - produces 9 per cent of all emissions of carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas. | One liter of gasoline, when used as a fuel, produces 2.32 kg ( about 1300 liters or 1.3 cubic meters ) of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. | 1 | [
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The actual data show high northern latitudes are warmer today than in 1940. | It is, however, expected that future warming will follow a similar geographical pattern to that seen already, with greatest warming over land and high northern latitudes, and least over the Southern Ocean and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean. | 1 | [
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More than 500 scientists and professionals in climate and related fields have sent a 'European Climate Declaration' to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. | The Arctic is affected by current global warming, leading to Arctic sea ice shrinkage, diminished ice in the Greenland ice sheet, and Arctic methane release as the permafrost thaws. | 0 | [
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The most vulnerable parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet could raise the sea level by 10 to 15 feet, inundating many of the world’s coastal cities, though most scientists think that would take well over a century, or perhaps longer. | It has been hypothesised that this disintegration could raise sea levels by approximately 3.3 metres ( 11 ft ). | 1 | [
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This means that the world is now 1C warmer than it was in pre-industrial times | Near- and long-term trends in the global energy system are inconsistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. | 1 | [
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Increased CO2 makes more water vapor, a greenhouse gas which amplifies warming | Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century. | 1 | [
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“Warm weather worsened the most recent five-year drought, which included the driest four-year period on record in terms of statewide precipitation. | This could lead to changing, and for all emissions scenarios more unpredictable, weather patterns around the world, less frost days, more extreme events (droughts and storm or flood disasters), and warmer sea temperatures and melting glaciers causing sea levels to rise. | 0 | [
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But that conclusion holds true only if there are no other sources of c12 increases which are not human caused. | The reasoning in this argument is valid, because there is no way in which the premises, 1 and 2, could be true and the conclusion, 3, be false. | 1 | [
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CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend. | The Integrated Carbon Observation System ( ICOS ) continuously releases data about CO 2 emissions, budget and concentration at individual observation stations. | 1 | [
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Last year’s warmth was manifested across the planet, from the warm tropical ocean waters off the coast of northeastern Australia, where the Great Barrier Reef experienced its worst coral bleaching event on record and large scale coral death, to the Arctic, where sea ice hit regular monthly record lows and overall temperatures were also the warmest on record, at least from January through September 2016. | Marine extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago ( H ) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S Sea ice, and the cold conditions it sustains, serves to stabilize methane deposits on and near the shoreline, preventing the clathrate breaking down and outgassing methane into the atmosphere, causing further warming. | 1 | [
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Global sea level data shows that sea level rise has been increasing since 1880 while future sea level rise predictions are based on physics, not statistics. | This network was used, in combination with satellite altimeter data, to establish that global mean sea-level rose 19.5 cm ( 7.7 in ) between 1870 and 2004 at an average rate of about 1.44 mm / yr ( 1.7 mm / yr during the 20th century ). | 1 | [
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Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today. | Much of the Northern Hemisphere showed significant cooling during the Little Ice Age ( defined in the study from 1400 to 1700 ), but Labrador and isolated parts of the United States appeared to be approximately as warm as during the 1961–1990 period. | 1 | [
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“The most famous of these studies, published in 2010 by Paul Kench and Arthur Webb of the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission in Fiji, showed that of 27 Pacific islands, 14% lost area. | As the Earth's climate warms, we are seeing many changes: stronger, more destructive hurricanes; heavier rainfall; more disastrous flooding; more areas of the world experiencing severe drought; and more heat waves." | 0 | [
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The IPCC blames human emissions of carbon dioxide for the last warming. | The global warming observed over the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced emissions of heat-trapping gases. | 1 | [
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Electricity rates are 40 percent higher in states that have required utility companies to use a certain amount of renewable energy such as solar power. | Research shows that the Arctic may become ice-free in the summer for the first time in human history by 2040. | 0 | [
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The last time the planet was even four degrees warmer, Peter Brannen points out in The Ends of the World, his new history of the planet’s major extinction events, the oceans were hundreds of feet higher. | In the early and middle Ordovician, temperatures were mild, but at the beginning of the Late Ordovician, from 460 to 450 Ma, volcanoes along the margin of the Iapetus Ocean spewed massive amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere, turning the planet into a hothouse. | 1 | [
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This small warming is likely a result of the natural alterations in global ocean currents which are driven by ocean salinity variations. | In the deep ocean, the predominant driving force is differences in density, caused by salinity and temperature variations ( increasing salinity and lowering the temperature of a fluid both increase its density ). | 1 | [
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More than 500 scientists and professionals in climate and related fields have sent a 'European Climate Declaration' to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. | The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is an international synthesis by over 1000 of the world's leading biological scientists that analyzes the state of the Earth's ecosystems and provides summaries and guidelines for decision-makers. | 1 | [
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Newspaper Article from 1922 Discusses Arctic Ocean Climate Change | Both the terms global warming and climate change were used only occasionally until 1975, when Wallace Smith Broecker published a scientific paper on the topic, Climatic Change : Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?. | 1 | [
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As a result, the polar ice caps were quite likely more extensive than they had been since at least the 1920s. | However, the incineration and burning of forest plants to clear land releases large amounts of CO2, which contributes to global warming. | 0 | [
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Consequently, CO2 levels at around 1,000 to 2,300 ppm were actually low enough to promote glaciation in the southern continent of Gondwana. | Concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphere were as high as 4,000 parts per million ( ppm, on a molar basis ) during the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 ppm during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years. | 1 | [
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The rate of renewable energy installations in the EU in 2018 was less than half the maximum level achieved in 2010. | In January 2014, the EU agreed to a 40% emissions reduction by 2030, compared to 1990 levels, and a 27% renewable energy target, which is expected to provide 70,000 full-time jobs and cut €33bn in fossil fuel imports. | 1 | [
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Pluto's climate change over the last 14 years is likely a seasonal event. | The remainder of the additional energy has melted ice and warmed the continents and the atmosphere. | 0 | [
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The most recent ocean measurements show consistent warming. | The IR estimates have rather low skill at short time and space scales, but are available very frequently (15 minutes or more often) from satellites in geosynchronous Earth orbit. | 0 | [
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When the internal variability is removed from the temperature record, what we find is nearly monotonic, accelerating warming throughout the 20th Century. | One argument is that of global warming occurring due to human-caused emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels. | 1 | [
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The IPCC simply updated their temperature history graphs to show the best data available at the time. | This graph extended the similar graph in Figure 3.20 from the IPCC Second Assessment Report of 1995, and differed from a schematic in the first assessment report that lacked temperature units, but appeared to depict larger global temperature variations over the past 1000 years, and higher temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period than the mid 20th century. | 1 | [
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The decline refers to a decline in northern tree-rings, not global temperature, and is openly discussed in papers and the IPCC reports. | Several scientific sources state that the decline being referred to is a decline in tree ring climate proxy metrics, not temperature. | 1 | [
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Global warming leads to much quicker spread of the Zika virus because the increased temperature, makes mosquitoes mature faster, . . . | Flooding creates more standing water for mosquitoes to breed; as well, shown that these vectors are able to feed more and grow faster in warmer climates. | 1 | [
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In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming. | Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.". | 0 | [
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While the greenhouse effect is a natural occurence, too much warming has severe negative impacts on agriculture, health and environment. | The impact on the environment, ecosystems, the animal kingdom, society and humanity depends on how much more the Earth warms. | 1 | [
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Overall, about 90% of the global warming occurs after the CO2 increase. | Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide. | 0 | [
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At four degrees, the deadly European heat wave of 2003, which killed as many as 2,000 people a day, will be a normal summer. | A temperature interval of 1 °F is equal to an interval of 5⁄9 degrees Celsius. | 0 | [
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For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields. | "Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils". | 0 | [
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Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization ( WHO ), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet. | Issues that affect water supply in the United States include droughts in the West, water scarcity, pollution, a backlog of investment, concerns about the affordability of water for the poorest, and a rapidly retiring workforce. | 1 | [
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Greenland on the whole is losing ice, as confirmed by satellite measurement. | Findings show that Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough to raise sea levels by almost 11mm ( 1.06cm ). | 1 | [
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Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, droughts and other natural disasters have yet to show any obvious long-term change.” | Not only does this increase the absorption of sunlight, it also increases melting and sea level rise. | 0 | [
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Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30 percent.13,14 | In some scenarios emissions continue to rise over the century, while others have reduced emissions. | 0 | [
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Consequently, CO2 levels at around 1,000 to 2,300 ppm were actually low enough to promote glaciation in the southern continent of Gondwana. | However, strong evidence exists of glaciation during the Carboniferous to Permian time, especially in South Africa. | 1 | [
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Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978. | Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change. | 0 | [
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“Today climate scientists are obsessed with the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, a very very small part of the overall picture. | The world's most important greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, a by-product of the burning of fossil fuels. | 1 | [
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more than 100 per cent of the warming over the past century is due to human actions. | The view that human activities are likely responsible for most of the observed increase in global mean temperature ( global warming ) since the mid-20th century is an accurate reflection of current scientific thinking. | 1 | [
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Because current climate change is so rapid, the way species typically adapt (eg - migration) is, in most cases, simply not be possible. | As the hurricane passed through the Gulf Coast region, the city's federal flood protection system failed, resulting in the worst civil engineering disaster in American history. | 0 | [
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