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What are the symptoms of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis? | Foamy urine (from excess protein in the urine) Poor appetite Swelling, called generalized edema, from fluids held in the body Weight gain | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis? | The cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually unknown.
The condition affects both children and adults. Men and boys are affected slightly more often than women and girls, and it also occurs more often in African Americans. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causes about 20 - 25% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome.
Known causes include:
Heroin use HIV Inherited genetic problems Obesity Reflux nephropathy (a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidney) Sickle cell disease | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ? | You should call your doctor if you develop symptoms of this condition, especially if there is fever, pain with urination, or decreased urine output. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | More than half of those with focal or segmental glomerulosclerosis develop chronic kidney failure within 10 years. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Glomerulosclerosis? | Foamy urine (from excess protein in the urine) Poor appetite Swelling, called generalized edema, from fluids held in the body Weight gain | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Glomerulosclerosis? | The cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually unknown.
Known causes include:
Heroin use HIV Inherited genetic problems Obesity Reflux nephropathy (a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidney) Sickle cell disease | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Glomerulosclerosis ? | The condition affects both children and adults. Men and boys are affected slightly more often than women and girls, and it also occurs more often in African Americans. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causes about 20 - 25% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Glomerulosclerosis ? | You should call your doctor if you develop symptoms of this condition, especially if there is fever, pain with urination, or decreased urine output. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Glomerulosclerosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | More than half of those with focal or segmental glomerulosclerosis develop chronic kidney failure within 10 years. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Goodpasture syndrome? | Symptoms may occur very slowly over months or even years, but they often develop quickly over days to weeks.
Loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness are often seen at first.
Lung symptoms may include:
Dry cough, may cough up blood (bloody sputum) Difficulty breathing after activity
Kidney and other symptoms include:
Swelling (edema) in any area of the body Burning sensation when urinating Bloody urine High blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Pale skin | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Goodpasture syndrome? | Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Persons with this syndrome develop substances that attack a protein called collagen in the tiny air sacs in the lungs and the filtering units (glomureli) of the kidney.
These substances are called anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Glomerular basement membrane is a part of the kidneys that helps filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. Anti-glomerular basement membrane are antibodies against this membrane. They can lead to kidney damage.
Sometimes the disorder is triggered by a viral respiratory infection or by breathing in hydrocarbon solvents. In such cases, the immune system may attack organs or tissues because it mistakes them for these viruses or foreign chemicals.
The immune system's faulty response causes bleeding in the air sacs and inflammation in the kidney's filtering units. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Goodpasture syndrome ? | Men are eight times more likely to be affected than women. The disease most commonly occurs in early adulthood. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Goodpasture syndrome ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if the amount of urine you produce drops, or if you have any other symptoms of Goodpasture syndrome.
Never sniff glue or siphon gasoline with your mouth, which expose the lungs to hydrocarbon solvents and can cause the disease | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Goodpasture syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? | An early diagnosis is very important. The patient's outlook is much worse if the kidneys are already severely damaged when treatment begins. Lung damage can range from mild to severe.
Many patients will require dialysis or a kidney transplant. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Goodpasture's syndrome? | Symptoms may occur very slowly over months or even years, but they often develop quickly over days to weeks.
Loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness are often seen at first.
Lung symptoms may include:
Dry cough, may cough up blood (bloody sputum) Difficulty breathing after activity
Kidney and other symptoms include:
Swelling (edema) in any area of the body Burning sensation when urinating Bloody urine High blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Pale skin | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Goodpasture's syndrome? | Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Persons with this syndrome develop substances that attack a protein called collagen in the tiny air sacs in the lungs and the filtering units (glomureli) of the kidney.
These substances are called anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Glomerular basement membrane is a part of the kidneys that helps filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. Anti-glomerular basement membrane are antibodies against this membrane. They can lead to kidney damage.
Sometimes the disorder is triggered by a viral respiratory infection or by breathing in hydrocarbon solvents. In such cases, the immune system may attack organs or tissues because it mistakes them for these viruses or foreign chemicals.
The immune system's faulty response causes bleeding in the air sacs and inflammation in the kidney's filtering units. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Goodpastures syndrome ? | Men are eight times more likely to be affected than women. The disease most commonly occurs in early adulthood. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Goodpastures syndrome ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if the amount of urine you produce drops, or if you have any other symptoms of Goodpasture syndrome.
Never sniff glue or siphon gasoline with your mouth, which expose the lungs to hydrocarbon solvents and can cause the disease | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Goodpastures syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? | An early diagnosis is very important. The patient's outlook is much worse if the kidneys are already severely damaged when treatment begins. Lung damage can range from mild to severe.
Many patients will require dialysis or a kidney transplant. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis ? | Frequent sinusitis is the most common symptom. Other early symptoms include a fever that continues without an obvious cause, night sweats, fatigue, and a general ill feeling (malaise). Chronic ear infections are common. Other upper respiratory symptoms include nose bleeds, pain, and sores around the opening of the nose. Loss of appetite and weight loss are common. Skin changes are also common, but there is no one typical lesion associated with the disease. There may be symptoms of kidney disease. The urine may be bloody. Eye problems develop in many people with Wegener's granulomatosis. The eye problems range from mild conjunctivitis to severe swelling of the eye. Other symptoms include:
Chest pain Cough, with or without blood Joint pain Shortness of breath Weakness Wheezing | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the causes of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis ? | The cause is unknown. It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Granulomatosis with polyangiitis ? | Wegener's granulomatosis is most common in middle-aged adults. It is rare in children, but has been seen in infants as young as 3 months old. Whites are more likely to get it as compared to blacks. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Granulomatosis with polyangiitis ? | Call your health care provider if you develop chest pain, coughing up blood, blood in the urine, or other symptoms of this disorder. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Without treatment, people with this disease can die within a few months.
With treatment, the outlook for most patients is good. Studies have shown that most people who receive corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide get much better.
However, the disease may return in about half of all patients. In these cases, the disease usually comes back within 2 years of stopping treatment. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Hematuria? | Passing blood clots or urine appear red in color. Passing stones in urine. Occurring in the early morning void or whole day. Recent infection or a recent sore throat. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Hematuria? | Several conditions can cause hematuria, most of them not serious. For example, exercise may cause hematuria that goes away in 24 hours. Many people have hematuria without any other related problems. Often no specific cause can be found. But because hematuria may be the result of a tumor or other serious problem, a doctor should be consulted. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Hematuria ? | People of all age group including children can have hematuria. Certain factors increase the chances of getting hematuria
Recent infection: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis Exercise: Long distance runners are prone to exercise induced urinary bleeding. Age: An enlarged prostate in males older than 50 can cause hematuria. Sex: 50% of all women suffer from urinary tract infection at least once in their life time, which can also cause urinary bleeding. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hematuria ? | Blood in the urine should never be ignored. Tell your doctor about this symptom and get an appropriate evaluation, especially if you have unexplained weight loss, discomfort with urination, frequent urination, or urgent urination.
Call your doctor right away if:
You have fever, nausea, vomiting, shaking chills, or pain in your abdomen, side, or back You are unable to urinate You are passing blood clots in your urine
Also call your doctor if:
You have pain with sexual intercourse or heavy menstrual bleeding -- the problem may be related to your reproductive organs You have urine dribbling, nighttime urination, or difficulty starting your urinary flow -- the problem may be related to your prostate | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Hematuria (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The prognosis depends on the severity of the disease. Finding the cause is the main factor which determines the prognosis. | Answer this question truthfully |
Is on-line intermittent hemodiafiltration (IHDF) better than regular hemodialysis? | There is current controversy about whether intermittent on-line hemodiafiltration (IHDF) gives better results than hemodialysis in an outpatient setting. In Europe, several observational studies have compared outcomes in patients getting dialysis with those getting IHDF. These have suggested a lower mortality rate and other favorable outcomes in patients getting IHDF vs. those getting ordinary hemodialysis. However, the issue is not settled at this time, because the required randomized controlled clinical trials have not been done. Another problem has been that in several of the trials done, IHDF was compared to dialysis using low-flux (small pore) membranes, and the benefit found may have been due more to the use of a high-flux membrane than to the addition of convective transport (filtration) to dialysis. A recent Cochrane database review of available trials could not find a definite benefit of either IHF or IHDF vs. hemodialysis in terms of outcomes. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Metabolic alkalosis? | Patients suffering from Metabolic alkalosis usually appear restless, irritable. Patients with metabolic alkalosis is usually remarkable for tachycardia / dysrhythmia, Hypoxemia, Compensatory hypoventilation, Muscle cramps, Tremor, tingling and numbness in extremities, Weakness on clinical examination. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Metabolic alkalosis? | Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis are Vomiting, Diarrhea, Diuretics, Cystic Fibrosis, Primary Hyperaldosteronism, Secondary hyperaldosteronism, laxative use, CKD, electrolyte and nutritional imbalances, Milk-alkali syndrome, Blood transfusion, Genetic diseases for instances Bartter, Liddle, Gitelman syndrome etc. Among them, life threatening causes are loss of gastric acid, excessive use of loop and thiazide diuretics. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Metabolic alkalosis ? | Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include Vomiting, Milk-alkali syndrome, Severe hypokalemia, Primary hyperaldosterinism, Cushing syndrome, Diuretics use and genetic disease for instances- Bartter and gitelman Disease. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Metabolic alkalosis ? | When a individual is feeling restless, irritable. Patients with metabolic alkalosis is usually remarkable for tachycardia/dysrhythmia, hypoxemia, Hypoxemia, Compensatory hypoventilation, Muscle cramps, Tremor, tingling and numbness in extremities, Weakness on clinical examination. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Metabolic alkalosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Early stabilization of patient is associated with the most favorable prognosis. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Neurogenic bladder? | The specific symptoms depend on the underlying neurological disorder, and may include:
Symptoms of overactive bladder:
Having to urinate too often in small amounts Problems emptying all the urine from the bladder Loss of bladder control
Symptoms of underactive bladder:
Bladder becomes too full and you may leak urine Problems starting to urinate or emptying all the urine from the bladder Unable to tell when the bladder is full Urinary retention | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Neurogenic bladder? | Several muscles and nerves must work together for your bladder to hold urine until you're ready to empty it. Nerve messages go back and forth between the brain and the muscles that control bladder emptying. If these nerves are damaged by illness or injury, the muscles may not be able to tighten or relax at the right time.
Disorders of the central nervous system commonly cause neurogenic bladder. This can include:
Alzheimer's disease Meningomyelocele Brain or spinal cord tumors Multiple sclerosis Parkinson disease Spinal cord injury Stroke recovery
Damage or disorders of the peripheral nerves can also cause neurogenic bladder. This can include:
Alcoholic neuropathy Diabetic neuropathy Nerve damage due to pelvic surgery Nerve damage from a herniated disc Vitamin B12 deficiency | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Neurogenic bladder ? | The patient suffering from diseases mentioned above are at highest risk. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Neurogenic bladder ? | Call you health care provider if you:
Are unable to empty your bladder at all Have signs of a bladder infection (fever, burning when you urinate, frequent urination) Urinate small amounts, frequently | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Obstructive uropathy? | Symptoms associated with obstructive uropathy vary depending on whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, whether it is unilateral or bilateral, whether it is complete or partial, and what caused it. Common symptoms of obstructive uropathy include the following:
Flank pain Bilateral or unilateral Colicky or severe Urinary tract infection Fever Difficulty or pain while urinating Nausea or vomiting Renal failure Weight gain or swelling (edema) Decreased urine output Blood in the urine | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Obstructive uropathy? | Obstructive uropathy occurs when urine cannot drain through a ureter (a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder). Urine backs up into the kidney and causes it to become swollen (hydronephrosis).
Obstructive uropathy is grouped according to whether it affects one or both kidneys and whether it occurs suddenly or is long-term:
Chronic unilateral obstructive uropathy - Long-term uropathy that affects one kidney Chronic bilateral obstructive uropathy - Long-term uropathy that affects both kidneys Acute unilateral obstructive uropathy - Sudden uropathy that affects one kidney Acute bilateral obstructive uropathy - Sudden uropathy that affects both kidneys
Common causes of obstructive uropathy include the following:
Urinary tract stones Ureteral stones Bladder stones Urinary tract tumors Retroperitoneal fibrosis Benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) Tumors of nearby organs Bladder or ureteral cancer Colon cancer Cervical cancer Uterine cancer Any cancer that spreads Idiopathic hydronephrosis of pregnancy | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Obstructive uropathy ? | Presence of any of the above mentioned condition increases the risk for the patient. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Obstructive uropathy ? | Contact your health care provider if you have symptoms of obstructive uropathy or believe that you may be suffering from this condition. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Obstructive uropathy (Outlook/Prognosis)? | If an acute obstruction is rapidly diagnosed and repaired, kidney damage is minimal or reversible -- regardless of being unilateral or bilateral.
If chronic unilateral obstruction is not relieved promptly, there could be permanent damage to the kidney. Chronic unilateral obstruction usually does not cause kidney insufficiency or failure because most patients have normal function from the other kidney.
Chronic bilateral obstruction may lead to kidney insufficiency or failure because both kidneys may become damaged and fail to function even after the obstruction is repaired. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Polydipsia? | Patient have a tendency to drink excess amount of water. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Polydipsia? | A recent salty or spicy meal Bleeding enough to cause a significant decrease in blood volume Diabetes Diabetes insipidus Drugs such as anticholinergics, demeclocycline, diuretics, phenothiazines Excessive loss of water and salt (possibly due to not drinking enough water, profuse sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting) Loss of body fluids from the bloodstream into the tissues due to: Conditions such as severe infections (sepsis) or burns Heart, liver, or kidney failure Psychogenic polydipsia, the result of a mental disorder | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Polydipsia ? | A patient having any of the above mentioned condition can develop Polydipsia. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Polydipsia ? | Excessive thirst is persistent and unexplained Thirst is accompanied by other unexplained symptoms, such as blurry vision and fatigue You are passing more than 5 quarts of urine per day | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Polydipsia (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Reflux nephropathy? | Some people have no symptoms of reflux nephropathy. The problem may be found when kidney tests are done for other reasons.
If symptoms do occur, they might be similar to those of:
Chronic kidney failure Nephrotic syndrome Urinary tract infection | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Reflux nephropathy? | Urine flows from each kidney through tubes called ureters and into the bladder. When the bladder is full, it squeezes and sends the urine out through the urethra. None of the urine should flow back into the ureter when the bladder is squeezing. Each ureter has a one-way valve where it enters the bladder that prevents urine from flowing back up the ureter.
But in some people, urine flows back up to the kidney. This is called vesicoureteral reflux.
Over time, the kidneys may be damaged or scarred by this reflux. This is called reflux nephropathy
Reflux can occur in people whose ureters do not attach properly to the bladder or whose valves do not work well. Children may be born with this problem or may have other birth defects of the urinary system that cause reflux nephropathy.
Reflux nephropathy can occur with other conditions that lead to a blockage of urine flow, including:
Bladder outlet obstruction, such as an enlarged prostate in men Bladder stones Neurogenic bladder, which can occur in people with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or other nervous system (neurological) conditions
Reflux nephropathy also can occur from swelling of the ureters after a kidney transplant or from injury to the ureter. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Reflux nephropathy ? | Risk factors for reflux nephropathy include:
Abnormalities of the urinary tract Personal or family history of vesicoureteral reflux Repeat urinary tract infections | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Reflux nephropathy ? | Call your health care provider if you:
Have symptoms of reflux nephropathy Have other new symptoms Are producing less urine than normal | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Reflux nephropathy (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The outcome varies, depending on the severity of the reflux. Some people with reflux nephropathy will not lose kidney function over time, even though their kidneys are damaged. However, kidney damage may be permanent. If only one kidney is involved, the other kidney should keep working normally.
Reflux nephropathy may cause kidney failure in both children and adults. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Renovascular hypertension? | People with renovascular hypertension may have a history of high blood pressure that is severe and hard to control with medication.
Symptoms of renovascular hypertension include:
High blood pressure at a young age High blood pressure that suddenly gets worse or is difficult to control Kidneys that are not working well, which often occurs suddenly Narrowing of other arteries in the body, such as to the legs, the brain, the eyes and elsewhere Sudden buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs (pulmonary edema)
If you have a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, bad headache, confusion, changes in your vision, or nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerous form of high blood pressure called malignant hypertension. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Renovascular hypertension? | When the arteries that carry blood to your kidneys become narrow, less blood flows to the kidneys. The kidneys mistakenly respond as if your blood pressure is low and make hormones that tell the body to hold on to more salt and water. This causes your blood pressure to rise.
Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing or blockage of the artery that supplies blood to the kidneys.
The most common cause of renal artery stenosis is a blockage in the the arteries due to high cholesterol. This problem occurs when a sticky, fatty substance called plaque builds up on the inner lining of the arteries. The plaque may slowly narrow or even block the renal (kidney) artery.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, heavy alcohol use, cocaine abuse, and increasing age.
Fibromuscular dysplasia is another cause of renal artery stenosis. It is often seen in women under age 50 and tends to run in families. It is caused by abnormal growth of cells in the walls of the arteries leading to the kidneys. This also leads to narrowing or blockage of these arteries. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Renal artery stenosis ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you think you have high blood pressure.
Call your health care provider if you have renovascular hypertension and symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment. Also call if new symptoms develop. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Urinary incontinence? | Frequent urination, in the daytime and at night Involuntary loss of urine Sudden and urgent need to urinate (urinary urgency) | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Urinary incontinence? | Urge incontinence may result from:
Bladder cancer Bladder inflammation Bladder outlet obstruction Bladder stones Infection Neurological diseases (such as multiple sclerosis) Neurological injuries (such as spinal cord injury or stroke)
In men, urge incontinence also may be due to:
Bladder changes caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Bladder outlet obstruction from an enlarged prostate
In most cases of urge incontinence, no specific cause can be identified.
Although urge incontinence may occur in anyone at any age, it is more common in women and the elderly. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Urinary incontinence ? | Presence of any of the above disease mentioned above increasing your frequency. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Urinary incontinence ? | Call your health care provider for an appointment if:
Your symptoms are causing you problems You have pelvic discomfort or burning with urination Your symptoms occur daily | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Urinary incontinence (Outlook/Prognosis)? | How well you do depends on your symptoms, an accurate diagnosis, and proper treatment. Many patients must try different therapies (some at the same time) to reduce symptoms.
Instant improvement is unusual. Perseverance and patience are usually required to see improvement. A small number of patients need surgery to control their symptoms. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Urinary urgency? | Urgent urination is a sudden, compelling urge to urinate, along with discomfort in your bladder. A frequent need to urinate at night is called nocturia. Most people can sleep for 6 to 8 hours without having to urinate. Middle aged and older men often wake to urinate once in the early morning hours. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Urinary urgency? | Together, frequent and urgent urination are classic signs of a urinary tract infection.
Diabetes, pregnancy, and prostate problems are other common causes of these symptoms.
Other causes include:
Anxiety Enlarged prostate Interstitial cystitis Medicines such as diuretics Overactive bladder syndrome Prostatitis (infection of the prostate gland) Stroke and other brain or nervous system diseases Tumor or mass in the pelvis Urinary incontinence Vaginitis
Less common causes:
Bladder cancer Bladder dysfunction Radiation therapy to the pelvis, used to treat certain cancers Drinking too much before bedtime, especially caffeine or alcohol, can cause frequent urination at nighttime. Frequent urination may also simply just be a habit.
Home Care Follow the therapy recommended by your doctor to treat the underlying cause of your urinary frequency or urgency. It may help to keep a diary of times and amounts of urine voided to bring with you to the doctor.
In some cases, you may experience some urinary incontinence for a period of time. You may need to take steps to protect your clothing and bedding. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Urinary urgency ? | Presence of any of the above disease mentioned above increasing your frequency | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Urinary urgency ? | Call your health care provider for an appointment if:
Your symptoms are causing you problems You have pelvic discomfort or burning with urination Your symptoms occur daily | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Urinary urgency (Outlook/Prognosis)? | How well you do depends on your symptoms, an accurate diagnosis, and proper treatment. Many patients must try different therapies (some at the same time) to reduce symptoms.
Instant improvement is unusual. Perseverance and patience are usually required to see improvement. A small number of patients need surgery to control their symptoms. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Varicocele? | Enlarged, twisted veins in the scrotum Infertility Painless testicle lump, scrotal swelling, or bulge within the scrotum
There may not be symptoms. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Varicocele? | A varicocele forms when valves inside the veins along the spermatic cord prevent blood from flowing properly. This causes the blood to back up, leading to swelling and widening of the veins. (This is essentially the same process that leads to varicose veins, which are common in the legs.) | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Varicocele ? | Varicoceles usually develop slowly. They are more common in men ages 15 - 25 and are most often seen on the left side of the scrotum. Varicoceles are often the cause of infertility in men.
The sudden appearance of a varicocele in an older man may be caused by a kidney tumor, which can block blood flow to a vein. This is more common on the left side than the right. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Varicocele ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you discover a testicle lump or need to treat a diagnosed varicocele. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Varicocele (Outlook/Prognosis)? | A varicocele is usually harmless and often requires no treatment. If surgery is required because of infertility or testicular wasting away (atrophy), the sperm count will likely improve but the ultimate pregnancy rate is unchanged. In most cases, testicular wasting (atrophy) does not improve unless surgery is done early in adolescence. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Wilms' tumor? | Abdominal pain Constipation Fever General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise) High blood pressure Increased growth on only one side of the body Loss of appetite Nausea Swelling in the abdomen (abdominal hernia or mass) Vomiting Abnormal urine color may also be associated with this disease. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Wilms' tumor? | Wilms tumor is the most common form of childhood kidney cancer. The exact cause of this tumor in most children is unknown.
A missing iris of the eye (aniridia) is a birth defect that is sometimes associated with Wilms tumor. Other birth defects linked to this type of kidney cancer include certain urinary tract problems and enlargement of one side of the body, a condition called hemihypertrophy. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Wilms%27 tumor ? | It is more common among some siblings and twins, which suggests a possible genetic cause.
The disease occurs in about 1 out of 200,000 to 250,000 children. It usually strikes when a child is about 3 years old. It rarely develops after age 8. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Wilms%27 tumor ? | Call your health care provider if you discover a lump in your child's abdomen, blood in the urine, or other symptoms of Wilms tumor.
Call your health care provider if your child is being treated for this condition and symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop, particularly cough, chest pain, weight loss, or persistent fevers. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Wilms%27 tumor (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Children whose tumor has not spread have a 90% cure rate with appropriate treatment. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the causes of Amnesia ? | There are many areas of the brain that help you create and retrieve memories. Damage or malfunction of any of these areas can lead to memory loss.
Memory loss due to problems with specific brain areas may be different. It may involve only memory of recent or new events, passed or remote events, or both. the amnesia may be only for specific events or for all events. The problem may involve learning new information or forming new memories.
Mental or thinking abilities may still be present or may have been lost. Filling in the details with imagined events (confabulation), and disorientation to time and place may occur.
Memory loss may be for words and thoughts only, or for motor memory (the body can no longer perform specific actions). Memory loss may also be partial, meaning failing to remember only a selected group of items.
Memory loss may be short-term (called transient).
Causes of memory loss include:
Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxication An event in which not enough oxygen was going to the brain (heart stopped, stopped breathing, complications from receiving anesthesia) Brain growths (caused by tumors or infection) Brain infections such as Lyme disease, syphilis, or HIV / AIDS Brain surgery, such as surgery to treat seizure disorders Cancer treatments, such as brain radiation, bone marrow transplant, or after chemotherapy Certain medications Certain types of seizures Dementia Depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia when symptoms have not been well controlled Dissociative disorder (not being able to remember a major, traumatic event; the memory loss may be short-term or long-term) Drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines Electroconvulsive therapy (especially if it is long-term) Encephalitis of any type (infection, autoimmune disease, chemical/drug induced) Epilepsy that is not well controlled with medications Head trauma or injury Heart bypass surgery Illness that results in the loss of, or damage to nerve cells (neurodegenerative illness), such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or multiple sclerosis Long-term alcohol abuse Migraine headache Mild head injury or concussion Nutritional problems (vitamin deficiencies such as low vitamin B12) Permanent damage or injuries to the brain Transient global amnesia Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Amnesia ? | The cause determines whether amnesia comes on slowly or suddenly, and whether it is temporary or permanent. Normal aging may lead to trouble learning new material or requiring a longer time to remember learned material. However, it does not lead to dramatic memory loss unless diseases are involved. Memory loss can be seen with impaired concentration, such as with depression. It can be hard to tell the difference. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Amnesia ? | Call your health care provider if you have any unexplained memory loss. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Amnesia? | There are many areas of the brain that help you create and retrieve memories. Damage or malfunction of any of these areas can lead to memory loss.
Memory loss due to problems with specific brain areas may be different. It may involve only memory of recent or new events, passed or remote events, or both. the amnesia may be only for specific events or for all events. The problem may involve learning new information or forming new memories.
Mental or thinking abilities may still be present or may have been lost. Filling in the details with imagined events (confabulation), and disorientation to time and place may occur.
Memory loss may be for words and thoughts only, or for motor memory (the body can no longer perform specific actions). Memory loss may also be partial, meaning failing to remember only a selected group of items.
Memory loss may be short-term (called transient).
Causes of memory loss include:
Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxication An event in which not enough oxygen was going to the brain (heart stopped, stopped breathing, complications from receiving anesthesia) Brain growths (caused by tumors or infection) Brain infections such as Lyme disease, syphilis, or HIV / AIDS Brain surgery, such as surgery to treat seizure disorders Cancer treatments, such as brain radiation, bone marrow transplant, or after chemotherapy Certain medications Certain types of seizures Dementia Depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia when symptoms have not been well controlled Dissociative disorder (not being able to remember a major, traumatic event; the memory loss may be short-term or long-term) Drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines Electroconvulsive therapy (especially if it is long-term) Encephalitis of any type (infection, autoimmune disease, chemical/drug induced) Epilepsy that is not well controlled with medications Head trauma or injury Heart bypass surgery Illness that results in the loss of, or damage to nerve cells (neurodegenerative illness), such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or multiple sclerosis Long-term alcohol abuse Migraine headache Mild head injury or concussion Nutritional problems (vitamin deficiencies such as low vitamin B12) Permanent damage or injuries to the brain Transient global amnesia Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Amnesia? | The cause determines whether amnesia comes on slowly or suddenly, and whether it is temporary or permanent.
Normal aging may lead to trouble learning new material or requiring a longer time to remember learned material. However, it does not lead to dramatic memory loss unless diseases are involved.
Memory loss can be seen with impaired concentration, such as with depression. It can be hard to tell the difference. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Amnesia? | Call your health care provider if you have any unexplained memory loss. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Cerebral hypoxia? | Symptoms of mild cerebral hypoxia include:
Change in attention (inattentiveness) Poor judgment Uncoordinated movement
Symptoms of severe cerebral hypoxia include:
Complete unawareness and unresponsiveness (coma) No breathing No response of the pupils of the eye to light | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Cerebral hypoxia? | In cerebral hypoxia, sometimes only the oxygen supply is interrupted. This can be caused by:
Breathing in smoke (smoke inhalation), such as during a fire Carbon monoxide poisoning Choking Diseases that prevent movement (paralysis) of the breathing muscles, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) High altitudes Pressure on (compression) the windpipe (trachea) Strangulation
In other cases, both oxygen and nutrient supply are stopped, caused by:
Cardiac arrest (when the heart stops pumping) Cardiac arrhythmia Complications of general anesthesia Drowning Drug overdose Injuries to a newborn that occurred before, during, or soon after birth (cerebral palsy) Stroke Very low blood pressure
Brain cells are extremely sensitive to a lack of oxygen. Some brain cells start dying less than 5 minutes after their oxygen supply disappears. As a result, brain hypoxia can rapidly cause severe brain damage or death. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Cerebral hypoxia ? | Cerebral hypoxia is a medical emergency. Call 911 immediately if someone is losing consciousness or has other symptoms of cerebral hypoxia. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Cerebral hypoxia (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The outlook depends on the extent of the brain injury. This is determined by how long the brain lacked oxygen, and whether nutrition to the brain was also affected.
If the brain lacked oxygen for only a very brief period of time, a coma may be reversible and the person may have a full or partial return of function. Some patients recover many functions, but have abnormal movements such as twitching or jerking, called myoclonus. Seizures may sometimes occur, and may be continuous (status epilepticus).
Most people who make a full recovery were only briefly unconscious. The longer a person is unconscious, the higher the risk for death or brain death, and the lower the chances of recovery. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of a cluster headache? | A cluster headache begins as a severe, sudden headache. The headache most commonly strikes 2 to 3 hours after you fall asleep. However, the headache may occur while you are awake. The headache tends to occur at the same time of day.
The pain occurs on one side of the head. It may be described as:
Burning Sharp Steady
The pain may occur in, behind, and around one eye. It may:
Involve one side of the face from neck to temples Quickly get worse, peaking within 5 to 10 minutes
The strongest pain may last 30 minutes to 2 hours.
The eye and nose on the same side as the head pain may also be affected. Symptoms can include:
Swelling under or around the eye (may affect both eyes) Excessive tearing Red eye Rhinorrhea (runny nose) or one-sided stuffy nose (same side as the head pain) Red, flushed face
Cluster headaches may occur daily for months, alternating with periods without headaches (episodic), or they can recur for a year or more without stopping (chronic). | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes a cluster headache? | Cluster headaches are a fairly common form of chronic, repeated headaches. They are four times more common in men than women. The headaches can occur at any age but are most common in adolescence and middle age. They tend to run in families, passed down through genes.
Scientists do not know exactly what causes cluster headaches, but they appear to be related to the body's sudden release of histamine or serotonin. A problem in a small area at the base of the brain called the hypothalamus may be involved.
The following may trigger cluster attacks:
Alcohol and cigarette smoking High altitudes (trekking, air travel) Bright light (including sunlight) Exertion Heat (hot weather, hot baths) Foods high in nitrites (such as bacon and preserved meats) Certain medications Cocaine | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Cluster headache ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:
Cluster headaches do not respond to treatment Headaches disturb your sleep You get headaches whenever you are active Headaches occur with other symptoms
Danger symptoms require immediate medical care. Some of these symptoms include:
Changes in alertness Changes in movement or sensation Drowsiness Nausea or vomiting Seizures Vision changes | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Cluster headache (Outlook/Prognosis)? | If prone to cluster headache, stop smoking. Alcohol use and any foods that are associated with cluster headache may need to be avoided. Medications may prevent cluster headaches in some cases. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Concussion? | Symptoms of a concussion can range from mild to severe. They can include:
Altered level of consciousness (drowsy, hard to arouse, or similar changes)
Confusion, feeling spacey, or not thinking straight
Headache
Loss of consciousness
Memory loss (amnesia) of events before the injury or immediately after
Nausea and vomiting
Seeing flashing lights
Feeling like you have "lost time"
The following are emergency symptoms of a concussion. Seek immediate medical care if there are:
Changes in alertness and consciousness
Convulsions (seizures)
Muscle weakness on one or both sides
Persistent confusion
Persistent unconsciousness (coma)
Repeated vomiting
Unequal pupils
Unusual eye movements
Walking problems
Head injuries that result in concussion often are associated with injury to the neck and spine. Take particular care when moving patients who have had a head injury.
While recovering from a concussion, you may:
Be withdrawn, easily upset, or confused
Have a hard time with tasks that require remembering or concentrating
Have mild headaches
Be less tolerant of noise | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Concussion? | A concussion may result when the head hits an object or a moving object strikes the head.
A concussion can result from a fall, sports activities, and car accidents. Significant movement of the brain (called jarring) in any direction can cause you to lose alertness (become unconscious). How long you remain unconscious may be a sign of the severity of the concussion.
However, concussions don't always involve a loss of consciousness. Most people who have a concussion never black out. You can have a concussion and not realize it. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Concussion ? | Call your health care provider if a head injury causes changes in alertness or produces any other worrisome symptoms.
If symptoms do not go away or are not improving after 2 or 3 weeks, talk to your doctor.
Call the doctor if the following symptoms occur:
Changes in behavior or unusual behavior
Changes in speech (slurred, difficult to understand, does not make sense)
Confusion
Difficulty waking up or becoming more sleepy
Double vision or blurred vision
Fever
Fluid or blood leaking from the nose or ears
Headache that is getting worse, lasts a long time, or does not get better with over-the-counter pain relievers
Problems walking or talking
Seizures
Vomiting more than three times | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Concussion (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Healing or recovering from a concussion takes time. It may take days, weeks, or even months. You may be irritable, have trouble concentrating, be unable to remember things, have headaches, dizziness, and blurry vision. These problems will probably go away slowly. You may want to get help from family or friends before making important decisions. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Deafness? | Symptoms of hearing loss may include:
Certain sounds seem too loud Difficulty following conversations when two or more people are talking Difficulty hearing in noisy areas Hard to tell high-pitched sounds (such as "s" or "th") from one another Less trouble hearing men's voices than women's voices Problems hearing when there is background noise Voices that sound mumbled or slurred
Other symptoms include:
Feeling of being off-balance or dizzy (more common with Meniere's disease and acoustic neuroma) Pressure in the ear (in fluid behind the eardrum) Ringing or buzzing sound in the ears (tinnitus) | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Deafness? | Conductive hearing loss (CHL) occurs because of a mechanical problem in the outer or middle ear.
The three tiny bones of the ear (ossicles) may not conduct sound properly. Or, the eardrum may not vibrate in response to sound.
Causes of conductive hearing loss can often be treated. They include:
Buildup of wax in the ear canal Damage to the very small bones (ossicles) that are right behind the eardrum Fluid that stays in the ear after an ear infection Foreign object that is stuck in the ear canal Hole in the eardrum Scar on the eardrum from repeat infections
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when the tiny hair cells (nerve endings) that detect sound in the ear are injured, diseased, do not work correctly, or have died. This type of hearing loss often cannot be reversed.
Sensorineural hearing loss is commonly caused by:
Acoustic neuroma Age-related hearing loss Childhood infections, such as meningitis, mumps, scarlet fever, and measles Meniere's disease Regular exposure to loud noises (such as from work or recreation) Use of certain medicines
Hearing loss may be present at birth (congenital) and can be due to:
Birth defects that cause changes in the ear structures Genetic conditions (more than 400 are known) Infections the mother passes to her baby in the womb (such as toxoplasmosis, rubella, or herpes)
The ear can also be injured by:
Pressure differences between the inside and outside of the eardrum, often from scuba diving Skull fractures (can damage the structures or nerves of the ear) Trauma from explosions, fireworks, gunfire, rock concerts, and earphones | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Deafness ? | Call your health care provider if:
Hearing problems interfere with your lifestyle Hearing problems do not go away or become worse The hearing is worse in one ear than the other You have sudden, severe hearing loss or ringing in the ears (tinnitus) You have other symptoms, such as ear pain, along with hearing problems You have new headaches, weakness, or numbness anywhere on your body | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Disequilibrium? | Patients with disequilibrium may experience one or more following symptoms. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Disequilibrium ? | See your doctor immediately if you experience disequilibrium with any of the following: | Answer this question truthfully |