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Q: Is it possible to use scala objects in java file in android studio? I set up an android project to use java and scala. (android gradle scala plugin). Scala files are in src/scala directory and java files are in src/java directory.
Is there any way to use scala objects in java file?
A: The following works for me (though not Android, just JVM, Scala 2.11.8):
Scala:
object Simple {
val s = 3
def hello(sby: String) = s"Hello $sby"
}
Java:
//imports
public class X {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Simple$.MODULE$.hello("Ashwin"));
int s = Simple$.MODULE$.s();
System.out.println(s);
//This also works for recent Scala versions,
//though in this case you cannot use the singleton object references:
Simple.s();
Simple.hello("Ashwin");
}
}
A: Here is a cool tutorial on how to integrate scala into android app.
Of course, you must integrate scala code into java like specific API (e.g. it can be organized with using annotation like BeanPropety in scala and etc). You can integrate java into scala and vise versa, but in my opinion the first approach is more useful.
See this article.
I also received useful tips from Chapter 17: Interacting with java in this book about scala.
| RedPajamaStackExchange_7534674635245464289 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
James Akenhead (born 6 June 1983 in London, England) is a professional English poker player, sponsored by Genting Poker. and part of the London-based poker group The Hitsquad. He is best known for being a member of the November Nine in 2009.
World Series of Poker
At the 2008 World Series of Poker, he finished runner-up to Grant Hinkle in Event #2, a $1,500 No Limit Texas hold 'em tournament. He lost the heads-up battle when he managed to provoke Hinkle to put all his chips in with 10 4, an underdog to his AK, only to see the flop come 10 10 4. The fourth 10 on the turn sealed the victory for Hinkle and Akenhead settled for second place and a $520,000 payday.
Akenhead was the only British player to reach the November Nine final table at the 2009 World Series of Poker. He started the final table with the least amount of chips and was knocked out in ninth place by Kevin Schaffel. Akenhead won $1,263,602 for his performance.
In the same year, Akenhead was one of two November Nine members to reach the final table of the World Series of Poker Europe main event, the £10,000 No-Limit Hold 'Em championship, the other member being Antoine Saout. Akenhead was eliminated in ninth place, earning him £66,533 ($109,687).
Other Poker Accomplishments
Akenhead is a regular on the Grosvenor U.K. Poker Tour and finished fourth in the 888.com U.K. Open in 2008 after winning two preliminary heats.
In December 2009, Akenhead won the Poker Million 8 tournament, winning $500,000 in the process.
On 22 January 2012, Akenhead playing under the screen-name Asprin1 won the Pokerstars Sunday Million for $213,750.00. The tournament began with a field of 7,125 entries.
References
1983 births
Poker players from London
Poker After Dark tournament winners
Living people | RedPajamaWikipedia_7149626739409072549 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Moving current patient demographic and insurance data to a new system can be overwhelming and in some practices prevents them from making a needed change. Seguin Software offers a team of data specialists to move your data from the previous vendor and importing it into Seguin.
Good training is essential to you success with new software. Seguin offers many modes of training from online, phone, video conferencing, and/or live in person training (or any combination).
Whether it is at startup or after you have used Seguin Software, a Seguin Coach can look at your current processes and how you are using Seguin systems to help streamline operations, make sure users are properly trained, and you are making the best use of the system to improve efficiency. | RedPajamaC4_-3609016267919051343 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Who: Pastors, congregational leaders and coaches will gather for learning and collaboration 130 days into the appointment. Please invite 1 to 3 congregational leaders from your church to join us on November 10.
For your convenience, there is a 50 room block at the Hilton Garden Inn for November 9. Hotels are at your own expense. All unreserved rooms will be released back to the public on October 10, 2018.
This is an MU Football home game weekend. Do not wait to book a room. | RedPajamaC4_5389874670997849351 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
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Brothers-Grimm-Platz in Kassel: like tree nursery – culture
Nancy Stevens May 26, 2021 4 min read
In the end, the hero can escape from misery, the well, the witch and even the gallows – and on top of that he gets the princess and the kingdom. This is how the fairy tale "Blue Light" ends. Just like a fairy tale. Have a happy ending. The story comes from Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. It is a story about the path from dark depths to light. It belongs to the German cultural treasure. Hence also to Kassel, which was once a training center for the Grims. In the controversy that erupted there over the redesign of the centrally located Brüder-Grimm-Platz – this was the former residence of the fictional brothers – it is not entirely clear how it will turn out for Frank Fleur. Something between misery and the kingdom.
Flor is a partner at Club L94 Landscape Architects. On the phone he appears friendly, ready to talk, and optimistic. He believes in a happy ending in Kassel. Landscape Architects from Cologne won a great competition to redesign Grimm-Platz. But since city planning officer Christoph Nolda von den Gronen submitted a jury vote on – let's say, a stunning design – of the L94 to the public, the city of Hesse has been rumbling as ominously as in the witch's house.
Letter to the editor for the local newspaper explaining this. Grimm cultural scientist and expert Andrea Lynbach Wegener wrote, "You can't believe your eyes and your mind" in HNA über eine "die historischen Blickachsen verstellende, nierenförmige Anpflanzung von Kiefern (…), künstlich benebelt und mit Sternenlämpchen geschmückt – mehr ökologischer der. Please don't! "
Open the detail view
Fireflies dream: The lighting concept has to remind us of many of Grimm's fairy tales.
(Photo: Club L94 / Röver)
Your claim has not been answered. in this time. The city has already commissioned landscape architects (in a joint venture with Gütersloh's engineering firm Röver) to redesign the square. The construction of the project, estimated to be worth 10 million euros, is supposed to start at the end of next year. The plan thus far provided for the square, which had been a polygonal shape for more than a century, appears inconspicuous in an urban space and surrounded by Wilhelmshöher Allee, but is also surrounded by important buildings such as the Gate Keeper and the State Museum. The shape, which can roughly be described as a pentagonal – yet, despite an important link between the city center and Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a mixture of infrastructure and the remaining green grass – the designers planted a circular grove of a long stem of About 70 m in diameter is evergreen pine wood. It reminds us of the historic square, which was once round and long.
Can't you see the forest for pine trees?
The orchard – a pine tree not yet typical of the city – which forms an enigmatic crown at the top and is occupied by ferns at the bottom, is immediately a baffling idea. Are you in the city or are you standing in the woods? Or do you just not see them for pine trees? The animators did not make it easy for the audience by delivering visualizations that transform a forest into a fictional forest that are startlingly exaggerated in the supposed arrogant sense. The various lighting fixtures are designed to remind us of "Die Sterntaler," "Soul in Glass," or the fairy tale "Blue Light" mentioned at the beginning. The sprinkler spray mechanism will also ensure that the orchard will always appear slightly hazy. fairy tale. fog.
One can understand when dissatisfaction is expressed in Kassel about something that might approach "kitsch" in the letter from a Grimm expert. However, the design concept is not so simple. And above all, it isn't unhealthy either. Pine, a relatively heat-resistant staple root that also supplies itself from deeper layers, is relatively futuristic. Of course, it is worth considering an orchard instead of the usual monoculture in an insecticide lawn. With big trees.
It would be fatal if the lines of sight were obstructed. But this can be represented, discussed and corrected. This post – which is late – is required now. The result may be that the carpet-like lighting fixtures are either left to the world of German fairy tales or the tratters on the Tiber River in Rome. Then, in the case of blue light, one escapes from referring to the legendary Leni Riefenstahl of the same name from 1932. The Nazis were excited about Riefenstahl's debut in directing. It has been known since then that fairy tales are sometimes unhappy with mythological yearning. But should a pine grove with a modern interpretation take into account sight lines and manage them without a mysterious light imagination: Where, if not in the city of Bois "urban jungle," would the trees be more visible?
Nancy Stevens
"Tv expert. Hardcore creator. Extreme music fan. Lifelong twitter geek. Certified travel enthusiast. Baconaholic. Pop culture nerd. Reader. Freelance student."
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Astronomy: A time-lapse shows the trajectories of four exoplanets orbiting their star
January 31, 2023 Nancy Stevens | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_9203048676573361379 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
All Time Numerical Roster
Jeff McKnight
Archive for Met Mysteries
March 10, 2019 Met Mysteries, Opening Day, Wild Speculation 3 comments
So our old friend Carlos Gomez is in camp wearing No. 85, which happened to be the lowest number available, although roster cuts and reassignments should free up additional space as opening day nears. Already there's been 13 reassignments and yesterday news came that TJ Rivera had been cut and also released.
This is not a big surprise as Rivera was a one-tool longshot before he missed a year with an injury, but his release frees up No. 19 if anyone wants it. I assume it won't be long before Dilson Hererra is reassigned and coughs up No. 16; then there's Gregor Blanco (7) and Rajai Davis (11) who suddenly look more vulnerable now that Gomez is back. In case you've forgotten Gomez wore No. 27 in his first appearances as a Met back in 2007. His return suggests to me that Omar Minaya is possibly making the personnel decisions again and just relying on Brodie Van Wagenen to say the right things to the press about them. That's not a good feeling.
Among pitchers, keep an eye on No. 26, where nonroster invitee Arquimedes Caminero has a 16.20 ERA so far (in a really small sample) but appears to need to beat out one or more better-performing counterparts like Hector Santiago (46), Luis Avilan (43) and Rule 5er Kyle Dowdy (33) who's going to get every chance despite a Camineroesque ERA so far this spring.
February 9, 2019 Met Mysteries 14 comments
The Mets uniform assignments as they arrive at Spring Training are below. There's been some significant shuffling, with Jeff McNeil dropping 62 digits; new assignments for guys like Luis Guillorme; and a few returning guys resuming previous numerical identities like Gavin Cecchini, Dilson Herrera and Juerys Familia.
A few of the new guys we were wondering about got assignments (Keon Broxton, JD Davis, Justin Wilson, etc) and the Mets seem to be at least trying to restore order to the universe, getting their coaching staff largely in the 50s where they belong and dressing their just-in-camp-for-the-catching-equipment guys in the 70s. Clip and save!
Because you can never have enough infielders Danny Espinosa has been invited to camp and doesn't yet appear to be have been assigned a number — 25 is a good guess as its the only available between 1 and 69!
Number Name Notes
1 Amed Rosario, SS
2 Gavin Cecchini, INF NRI
3 Tomas Nido, C
4 Jed Lowrie, INF Was Wilmer Flores
5 vacant Was David Wright
6 Jeff McNeil, INF-OF Was coach Pat Roessler
7 Gregor Blanco, OF NRI; was Jose Reyes
8 Vacant Unassigned (Gary Carter)
9 Brandon Nimmo, OF
10 Gary DiSarcina 3rd base coach
11 Rajai Davis, OF NRI; Was Jose Bautista
12 Juan Lagares, OF
13 Luis Guillorme, INF Was Asbrubal Cabrera
14 Retired Gil Hodges
15 Tim Tebow, OF NRI; was Luis Guillorme
16 Dilson Hererra, 2B NRI; Was Austin Jackson
17 Vacant unassigned (Keith Hernandez)
18 Travis d'Arnaud, C
19 TJ Rivera, INF-OF Was Jay Bruce
20 Peter Alonso, 1B Was coach Ruben Amaro
21 Todd Frazier, 3B
22 Dominic Smith, 1B-OF
23 Keon Broxton, OF was Matt den Dekker
24 Robinson Cano, 2B Was unassigned (Willie Mays)
25 unassigned Was coach Ricky Bones
26 Arquimedes Caminero, P NRI; was Kevin Plawecki
27 Jeurys Familia, P
28 JD Davis, INF was Phillip Evans
29 Devin Mesoraco, C NRI
30 Michael Conforto, OF
31 Retired Mike Piazza
32 Steven Matz, P
33 Kyle Dowdy, P Was Matt Harvey
34 Noah Syndergaard, P
35 Jacob Rhame, P
36 Mickey Callaway manager
37 Retired Casey Stengel
38 Justin Wilson, P was Anthony Swarzak
39 Edwin Diaz, P Was Jerry Blevins
40 Wilson Ramos, C Was Jason Vargas
41 Retired Tom Seaver
42 Retired Jackie Robinson
43 Luis Avilan, P NRI; was Jamie Callahan
44 Jason Vargas, P was AJ Ramos
45 Zack Wheeler,P
46 Hector Santiago, P NRI; was Gerson Bautista
47 Drew Gagnon, P
48 Jacob deGrom, P
49 Tyler Bashlor, P
50 Jim Riggleman bench coach; was Rafael Montero
51 Paul Sewald, P
52 Yoenis Cespedes, OF
53 Glenn Sherlock 1st base coach
54 Chili Davis hitting coach; was TJ Rivera
55 Corey Oswalt, P
56 Tom Slater Assistant hitting coach
57 Dave Racianello Bullpen catcher
58 Dave Eiland Pitching coach
59 Chuck Hernandez bullpen coach; was Jose Lobaton
60 Luis Rojas "quality control coach"; was PJ Conlon
61 Walker Lockett, P was Bobby Wahl
62 Drew Smith, P
63 Tim Peterson, P
64 Chris Flexen, P
65 Robert Gsellman, P
66 Franklyn Kilome, P was Ty Kelly
67 Seth Lugo, P
68 Rymer Liriano, OF NRI; Was Jeff McNeil
69 Vacant
70 Eric Hanhold, P
71 Ryan O'Rourke, P NRI
72 Andres Gimenez, SS NRI; was Jack Reinheimer
73 Daniel Zamora, P
74 Ali Sanchez, C NRI
75 Colton Plaia, C NRI
76 Patrick Mazeika, C NRI
77 David Peterson, P NRI; Was Buddy Baumann
78 Eric Langill Bullpen catcher
79 Anthony Kay, P NRI
80 PJ Conlon, P NRI
81 Corey Taylor, P NRI
82 Joshua Torres, P NRI
83 Stephen Villines, P NRI
84 Ryder Ryan, P NRI
January 13, 2019 Met Mysteries, Uni Controversies, Wild Speculation 17 comments
Should Jed Lowrie get No. 8?
Let the debate begin. The Mets surprised the market by adding the veteran infielder on a two-year contract. In addition to figuring out where he'll fit on an infield with Amed Rosario, Todd Frazier, Robinson Cano, Jeff McNeil, JD Davis, Peter Alonso, Dominic Smith, Luis Guillorme, Gavin Cecchini and TJ Rivera, they need to give him a jersey.
Lowrie's been around the league a little, most often wearing No. 8, but also appearing in No. 12 and 4. The Mets quietly removed 8 from the rotation in 2003, when Gary Carter was elected to the Hall of Fame. Though it's never been officially expressed this way, I think the idea at that time was to hold out and see whether the Kid would "go into the Hall" as a Met. When he (rightly) was enshrined as an Expo, his health issues made the prospect of reissuing 8 distasteful and so in mothballs it has remained ever since.
I think it's more likely we see another Met 8 than see the club retire the number, and if it's what Lowrie wants I suppose I have no problem with it. As I've expressed here before, I'd prefer it were the Mets to judiciously reissue, give No. 8 to the next good young catcher, but simply to uphold a limbo ban seems like a dumb idea so if Jed wouldn't prefer to retake No. 4, I say let him have it.
I mentioned JD Davis above but haven't got to his signing yet here. He's a right-handed hitting corner infielder who tore it up as an Astros prospect and seems as though he could at the least challenge TJ Rivera to a roster spot, or perhaps replace Todd Frazier. Or maybe even pitch mop-up relief as he's said to have a big-league arm.
At any rate, it's a curious deal given the Mets coughed up three decent but young prospects for Davis. Is Brodie Van Wagenen addressing the criticism the Mets' system is too "bottom heavy" by rebalancing the system with "ready" prspects? Maybe. Is he ridding the system of the Alderson Regime's prize project? Perhaps. Is he really going to do something different here and reel in Bryce Harper? Probably not.
Davis wore 28 in a brief run in Houston but 26 is his twitter handle and minor-league assignment. That number became available when the Mets dumped Kevin Plawecki on the Indians in exchange for a fringe starting pitcher prospect, Walker Lockett, and a minor league infielder called Sam Haggerty. Lockett never pitched in Cleveland but instead passed through on paper from San Diego, which traded him with the idea they were to lose him in the Rule 5 draft anyhow. Lockett appeared in four games with the Padres last summer wearing No. 62: He's the Mets' problem now.
So long to Plawecki a 1st round Alderson draft choice who like his mate Travis D'Arnaud, simply seemed too nice to make it as a real starting catcher in the league; a forced promotion due to injuries probably got his career off to the wrong start anyway, so good luck on the reset in Cleveland.
And bye-bye, David Wright! The Mets gussied it up with a fake promotion to a fake front office job they but released him just the same.
Is This Scott Holman?
January 7, 2019 Met Mysteries 7 comments
Regarding the discussion below, is the guy on the far left Scott Holman? That jacket could say "28." The capture is from an 86 Mets vid I found here.
Revisiting Kingman's Revisiting
January 6, 2019 Met Mysteries, Uni Controversies 6 comments
Got a message from longtime reader Dave who asked in so many words, "What was Dave Kingman doing wearing No. 5 during spring training in 1981?"
It's a good question and one we have addressed before here, but I should mention a few things about that: One, we did it 10 years ago. Did you know this site is nearing its 20th birthday? I still run it, still make the rules, and there's none against reinvestigations. I actually like taking advantage of the archives (check out the impressive dropdown on the left!) and don't do it enough. Ask me anything!
Two, what we hashed out was mostly in the comments section, which has been cut and pasted from a couple generations of the web site since and is kind of hard to find or read.
Three, my access to historical data has gotten much better since then as evidenced by what I was able to find looking it over again:
So that's Dave upon his arrival at St. Petersburg on March 3, 1981, days after the Mets completed a trade bringing Kong back to blue-and-orange for the first time since departing in the Midnight Massacre of 1977. There's great stuff in there about his handing out monogrammed pens to writers as a signal of his willingness to rehab his image as a reporter-hater. In five years Kingman would be outed for sending a gift-wrapped live rat to Susan Fornoff, who then covered Kingman's Oakland A's for the Sacramento Bee. Nothing changes, even when it does, including the uni number!
Anyway, Kingman ironically arrived in a trade for Steve Henderson, who turned out to be the best of all we'd gathered on that bloody 1977 night, if you don't count Bobby Valentine's managerial career (Valentine as you know arrived for Kingman along with Paul Siebert; Henderson came in the booty for Tom Seaver). But yep, looks like they initially just did a straight-up Uni Swap, Hendoo for Kong.
The Mets between Kingman's departure and rearrival had issued 26 to pitchers Mike Bruhert (1978); Ray Burris (1979) and in late 1980, rookie callup Scott Holman. Holman was back training with the Mets when the Kingman deal was done.
Holman was considered something of a hot pitching prospect at the time but was already battling shoulder problems that would plague him for the duration of his career. He was also only 22 and a longshot to make the big club; he'd be reassigned to minor league camp March 25 and spend the entire 1981 season with AA Jackson, freeing up 26 for the Konger before regular-season play began.
Holman eventually made it back to New York in September of 1982, rejoining Kingman and the Mets wearing No. 28, which he also wore through 1983 with the big club. Holman ran out of minor-league options by 1984 but re-signed with AAA Tidewater; that freed up 28, ironically enough, for Bobby Valentine, who had retired but was rejoining the Mets as a third-base coach. Holman signed a minor-league deal with the Cubs in 1985 and spent the year in Class AAA Iowa. But here's another new thing I learned researching this: Some Mets fans spied a job-seeking Holman working out with the 1986 Mets during spring training, saying he's briefly visible in a highlight VHS tape I have but cannot play, perhaps that's out there on YouTube somewhere, if you see it and can identify what Holman's wearing, let me know!
Kingman would be released by the Mets following the 1983 season and was off to his rat-infested tenure in Oakland.
And that… is the rest of the story.
Hey, Joe
June 29, 2018 Met Mysteries, Uni Controversies 8 comments
Today my friend David passed along this photo on social media. It's Joe Sambito pitching for the Mets, and he's wearing No. 38.
This does not jibe with our records — and some others — listing Sambito having worn No. 35 for the entirety of his brief Mets career, which lasted a little more than six weeks in 1985.
Solving this mystery doesn't appear to be too difficult, but I'm calling on the MBTN readership to pull out the magnifying glasses and take a shot with me, and confirm it best we can.
Here's what we know about Joe, who by the way, turned 66 years old the other day. He was a Brooklyn-born and Long Island-raised lefty fireballer who established himself as one of the National League's strongest relief pitchers with the Houston teams of the late 1970s and early 80s before elbow and shoulder problems stalled his career in 1982. He wore 35 for the Astros. By the time 1985 came around Sambito was still struggling to get his stuff back. When the Astros asked the veteran to accept a minor league assignment he refused, becoming a free agent and fielding offers from several clubs before accepting a major-league minimum deal from the Mets.
The picture shows Sambito pitching in a day game at Shea. That helps narrow things considerably, as Sambito appeared in just two of those. The guess here is that this was the first of those games, and also, Sambito's Mets debut, on April 28 against the Pirates.
That was a memorable day. Not for Joe Sambito, who quietly pitched a scoreless seventh inning in a 4-4 game — but because the game was only getting started then. It lasted 18 innings before Mookie Wilson scored on an error and the Mets walked off with a 5-4 victory. In the in between, 41-year-old Rusty Staub, who entered as a pinch hitter in the 12th inning, spent the next five innings in the outfield, switching corner outfield positions with Clint Hurdle depending on the handedness of the batter in a concession to Le Grand Orange's failing knees. Despite that, Rusty made a game-saving running catch in the top of the 18th to retire Pirate pinch-hitter Rick Rhoden who hit an opposite-field fly (if you don't remember Rhoden, he was one of the best hitting pitchers of his era). Reliable Rusty also had a double that could have won the game in the 12th, but the inning died on a Ray Knight double-play and a bases-loaded popout by Gary Carter. I remember that game well, as it helped to cement my image of Davey Johnson as a master strategist.
The starting right fielder in that game was John Christensen, who was double-switched out in the 12th when Staub entered. And until that day, Christensen was wearing 35. Our records show Christensen wore No. 7 from that point on, so likely lost in the excitement of that thriller was news that Christensen set aside 35 for Sambito.
Sambito struggled mightily in 35, by the way, was sent to Tidewater in June, and released by the Tides that August. The Mets would see him next in Game 3 of the 1986 World Series, pitching ineffective relief for Boston.
So that's our working theory, thanks to this picture: Sambito wearing 38 for 1 game; 35 for his other seven Mets appearances. Anyone have further observations or concluding proof? Let us know. And happy birthday, Joe!
June 12, 2018 Met Mysteries, Uni Controversies, Wild Speculation 6 comments
So the time has come to move on from Adrian Gonzalez, who more or less did what was expected of him, providing the Mets with evidence of a long but steadily declining career while giving prospects like Dominic Smith and Peter Alonso a little more time to bake in the oven. I said it before the Mets would be lucky if either of those prospects crafts a career nearly as good as the one Gonzalez had, and if weren't for the fact that Yoenis Cespedes will be missing even more time than expected we might be seeing Jay Bruce as the new first baseman beginning tonight.
Instead Dom Smith gets a new chance and hopefully he runs with the opportunity this time. You may remember Dom as having worn No. 22 last year and very briefly this year.
Coming up along with him is the switch-hitting utility player Ty Kelly, whom I like and have advocated for previously. Sure he's not not exactly lighting the world on fire in Vegas, and he won't up here, but he's understanding of his role and oozes with regular-guy appeal that I want to think will help light up a morose clubhouse where there's a failure virus infecting half the lineup.
What number will Ty wear? The Mets haven't said. He's previously worn 55, 56 then 55 again and upon his return to the organization this spring was issued No. 11 — a designation I'd argued for in the past. The Mets in the meantime issued 11 to Jose Bautista. He's sort of out of uniform himself, preferring No. 19.
So here's my suggestion. Let's get Jay Bruce out his slump, Jose Bautista back in familiar clothing and Ty Kelly into his preferred No. 11 with a three-way trade putting Kelly in 11, and Bautista in 19 while Bruce moves to occupy the No. 23 left behind by Gonzalez. For Bruce it could mix up the mojo while also reflecting a spin on the 32 he wore previously with the Reds.
May 9, 2018 Met Mysteries, Uni Controversies, Wild Speculation 5 comments
So maybe it's all connected, and P.J. Conlon got No. 60 instead of No. 29 because the Mets were secretly working on a Matt Harvey-for-Devin-Mesorasco deal all along, and had a guy already stitching a 29 jersey with his name on it. Until last night, when he made his Mets debut as a pinch hitter, Mesorasco had worn 39 for the Reds.
Anyway, Mesorasco, like Harvey, is a former top draft pick who'd become somewhat worthless for their clubs but still have contracts to play out. It practically goes without saying that Tomas Nido, whom Mesorasco pinch-hit for last night, will go back to the minor leagues and work on his game.
There more to this as well. Todd Frazier is on the disabled list with a hamstring and it's widely speculated that Luis Guillorme will be up. That's significant inasmuch as Guillorme — not Conlon — wore No. 60 in Spring Training. Conlon by the way was swapped out for Corey Oswalt following his appearance.
Here's my thought, with Guillorme due to arrive and Nido likely in for a long spell of seasoning, let's put Guillorme in the newly available No. 3, which befits his middle-infielder profile and isn't far off from his Las Vegas No. 13 jersey.
Finally we'd like to wish chubby Matt Harvey all the luck he has coming with the last-place club and lifeless downtown he deserves in Cincinnati. He might not even get No. 33 there, as Jesse Winker wears it, and he has a promising future.
May 7, 2018 Met Mysteries 5 comments
Unless you're talking about winning, there is much to digest since our last update.
I don't have a whole lot of sympathy for Matt Harvey, who was a dingbat ever since pulling up to his first Spring Training in an Escalade and becoming Mike Francesca's favorite player. Never learned the difference between actually working on his craft and bullshit bravado and undermined his teammates over and over again.
His polar opposite, Jacob deGrom, in the meantime is taking a seven-day break on the disabled list necessitating tonight's Mets debut for P.J. Conlon. The Ireland-born righty wore No. 80 during Spring Training but the club hasn't announced a jersey for him yet. I'd like to remind them that 33 is very available.
PJ's Twitter handle and Las Vegas number was 29. That's available now, and was last worn by Tommy Milone, another Irish Met.
You don't need me to tell you this but the Mets look just awful: Michael Conforto is slumping like he did back in 16; and the team is following the pattern of the '15 group but coming apart on the heels of a big winning streak that included a Travis d'Arnaud injury. It's pretty plain the Mets desperately need a more capable catcher than Jose Lobaton or Tomas Nido – the latter wearing No. 3 these days.
Oh, and Cespedes is hurt. Go Mets!
February 16, 2018 Met Mysteries 10 comments
I was traveling for work and missed the reliable and alert Matt B passing along the following comment:
10 – Gary DiSarcina
20 – Ruben Amaro Jr.
21 – Todd Frazier
23 – Adrian Gonzalez
36 – Mickey Callaway
38 – Anthony Swarzak
56 – Tom Slater
58 – Dave Eiland
59 – Jose Lobaton
83 – Tim Tebow
Little we hadn't guessed already except for the Swarzak reveal. All these years, all those guys, and I still think No. 38 is Skip Lockwood (and Buzz Capra) which I suppose is better than thinking of Victor Zambrano and Vic Black. Dan Warthen was the last guy to wear it. The Mets still haven't published an official roster yet so I'll fill in the blanks when they do that or when I take my next trip — to Florida in a couple of weeks to see some Spring Training games for the first time in a while.
There may still be a few more guys showing up. The Mets resigned Matt den Dekker to a minor league deal. You might recall he wore No. 6 in his previous tour of duty, that belongs now to hitting coach Pat Roessler. Yesterday came more indication the Mets are looking at Jason Vargas, the lefty given away when Omar Minaya uselessly moved heaven and earth to acquire JJ Putz. Vargas wore 43 in his last tour.
Mets by the Numbers // Est. 1999
@Springer66 January 20, 2021
What's next for the black-eyed, brain-drained Mets and why Neil Allen, Ollie Perez and Dallas Green shall celebrate: mbtn.net/?p=3357
Impressed with @MarcCarig's interview fundies. Strong body language, expression that says "you have to answer for this."
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Beat ALS
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That Actually Happened
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Aaron Heilman Anderson Hernandez Asdrubal Cabrera Brodie Van Wagenen Carlos Beltran Daniel Murphy David Wright Fred Wilpon Gary Carter Heath Bell Jae Seo Jason Bay Jason Vargas Jay Bruce Jerry Blevins Jerry Manuel Joe Smith John Maine Jose Reyes Kaz Matsui Kevin Plawecki Lastings Milledge Lucas Duda Luis Castillo Marlon Anderson Matt Harvey Mickey Callaway Mike DiFelice Mike Pelfrey Mike Piazza Moises Alou Neil Walker Nick Evans Noah Syndergaard Oliver Perez Omar Minaya Pedro Feliciano Ramon Castro Sandy Alderson Terry Collins TRavis d'Arnaud Ty Kelly Victor Diaz Willie Randolph Yoenis Cespedes | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_3031726113898051334 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Testing</title>
<meta name="description" content="A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML">
<meta name="author" content="Hakim El Hattab">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
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<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section id="introduction" data-transition="concave" data-background="#3d4a9d">
<h1>Testing 123...</h1>
<h3>How I learned to code without ever writing a test</h3>
<img class="fragment" width="400" data-src="./images/bugfeature.jpg">
</section>
<!-- Example of nested vertical slides -->
<section class="concave">
<section id="currentstatus" data-transition="concave" data-background="#4d7e65">
<h2>Staðan í dag</h2>
<a href="#" class="navigate-down">
<img width="178" height="238" data-src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/hakim-static/reveal-js/arrow.png" alt="Down arrow">
</a>
</section>
<section id="groundzero" data-background="./images/groundzero.jpg">
<h1>Ground zero</h1>
<p>Engar sjálfvirkar prófanir</p>
</section>
<section id="wayup" data-background="./images/cry.gif">
<h2 class="fragment">Getum við gert betur?</h2>
<div class="fragment fade-in">
<p>Ekki spurning...</p>
<br>
<a href="#/2">
<img width="178" height="238" data-src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/hakim-static/reveal-js/arrow.png" alt="Up arrow" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(180deg);">
</a>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="poll">
<h2>Smá könnun...</h2>
<p class="fragment">Hversu margir hafa skrifað test?</p>
<p class="fragment">Hversu mörgum fannst það <strong>tefja</strong> þróun?</p>
</section>
<section id="sportscar" data-background="./images/ferrari.jpg">
<h3>Hvaða gera prófanir fyrir okkur?</h3>
<blockquote class="fragment dark" cite="http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/definition/Our-Favorite-Technology-Quotations">
<q>“A code that cannot be tested is flawed.”</q> – Anonymous
</blockquote>
<h4 class="fragment">Sjálfvirkar prófanir eru eins og bremsur á bíl</h4>
<h4 class="fragment">Bremsur gera okkur kleyft að fara hraðar</h4>
</section>
</section>
<section id="version" data-background="#043c7a">
<img data-src="./images/logo.png" style="border:none; background-color:transparent; box-shadow:none">
<h3>iofive - stöðug útgáfa</h3>
<blockquote class="fragment dark">
<q>“If debugging is the process of removing bugs, then programming must be the process of putting them in.”</q> - Edsger Dijkstra
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Hvenær erum við með stöðuga útgáfu?</li>
<li class="fragment">Hverju skila handvirkar prófanir?</li>
<li class="fragment">Nýr kóði brýtur gamlan kóða</li>
<li class="fragment">Hvað er til ráða?</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="tools">
<div style="margin: 0 auto">
<img style="background:transparent; border:none; box-shadow:none" data-src="./images/angular.png">
</div>
<div style="width:100%; clear:both; float:left">
<div style="width:50%; float: left;">
<h3>Protractor</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment"><strong>e2e test</strong></li>
<li class="fragment">Jasmine syntax</li>
<li class="fragment">Keyrir á Selenium</li>
<li class="fragment">Hægt að testa t.d. í Chrome, Firefox</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="width:50%; float: left;">
<h3>Karma</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment"><strong>Unit test</strong></li>
<li class="fragment">Jasmine syntax</li>
<li class="fragment">Hægt að testa: services, controllers, filters og directives</li>
<li class="fragment">Seperation of concerns</li>
<li class="fragment">Dependency injection</li>
<li class="fragment">Angular mocks</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="e2ecode" data-markdown data-background="#cb0000">
<script type="text/template">
<h3>Protractor e2e tests</h3>
```
describe('angularjs homepage todo list', function() {
it('should add a todo', function() {
browser.get('http://www.angularjs.org');
element(by.model('todoText')).sendKeys('write a protractor test');
element(by.css('[value="add"]')).click();
var todoList = element.all(by.repeater('todo in todos'));
expect(todoList.count()).toEqual(3);
expect(todoList.get(2).getText()).toEqual('write a protractor test');
});
});
```
</script>
</section>
<section id="unittestcontroller" data-markdown data-background="#ffc30f">
<script type="text/template">
<h3>Karma unit test (controller)</h3>
```
angular.module('app', [])
.controller('PasswordController', function PasswordController($scope) {
$scope.password = '';
$scope.grade = function() {
var size = $scope.password.length;
if (size > 8) {
$scope.strength = 'strong';
} else if (size > 3) {
$scope.strength = 'medium';
} else {
$scope.strength = 'weak';
}
};
});
describe('PasswordController', function() {
beforeEach(module('app'));
var $controller;
beforeEach(inject(function(_$controller_){
// The injector unwraps the underscores (_) from around the parameter names when matching
$controller = _$controller_;
}));
describe('$scope.grade', function() {
it('sets the strength to "strong" if the password length is >8 chars', function() {
var $scope = {};
var controller = $controller('PasswordController', { $scope: $scope });
$scope.password = 'longerthaneightchars';
$scope.grade();
expect($scope.strength).toEqual('strong');
});
});
});
```
</script>
</section>
<section id="goals">
<h2>Code coverage</h2>
<p>Setjum okkur markmið:</p>
<dl>
<div class="fragment">
<dt>Hvað getum við gert á einni viku?</dt>
<dd class="fragment highlight-green">Forgangsröðun -> prófa fyrst critical features?</dd>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<dt>Hvar viljum við standa eftir mánuð?</dt>
<dd class="fragment highlight-green">Scrum -> sjálfvirkar prófanir hluti af þróunarferli?</dd>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<dt>Hvar viljum við standa eftir 6 mánuði?</dt>
<dd class="fragment highlight-green">Integration testing -> handvirkar prófanir í lágmarki</dd>
</div>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="testlocation" data-background="#db6826">
<h2>Hvar keyrum við testin?</h2>
<ol>
<li class="fragment">localhost</li>
<li class="fragment">Master í GIT?</li>
<li class="fragment">Production vél?</li>
<li class="fragment">Continuous Integration server?</li>
</ol>
<div class="fragment">
<div style="width:100%; margin-bottom:-10px">
<img width="300" style="box-shadow:none; border: none; background-color:transparent" data-src="./images/jenkins.png">
</div>
<div style="width:100%">
<img width="300" style="box-shadow:none; border: none; background-color:transparent" data-src="./images/bamboo.png">
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="thankyou">
<h1>Takk fyrir</h1>
<h2 class="fragment highlight-current-blue">Spurningar?</h2>
</section>
<div style="display:none" data-state="customevent">
<h2>State Events</h2>
<p>
Additionally custom events can be triggered on a per slide basis by binding to the <code>data-state</code> name.
</p>
<pre><code class="javascript" data-trim contenteditable style="font-size: 18px;">
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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Reveal.initialize({
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history: true,
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| RedPajamaGithub_1621074885572871821 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Personnalité
Guillaume Edinger (1850-1926), éditeur, journaliste et écrivain français.
Ludwig Edinger (1855-1918), médecin allemand et pionnier de la neurologie.
Tilly Edinger (1897-1967), paléontologue américaine.
Claudio Edinger (né en 1952), photographe brésilien contemporain.
Paul Edinger (né en 1978), joueur américain de football américain.
Homonymie de patronyme | RedPajamaWikipedia_8404874682370780713 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Q: scala Either & Neither handling Not sure what to call this, Option would fit just as well as Either, I need to handle a 3rd case regardless.
Scalaz likely already provides something like this, but am curious to know how, without a separate library, one can concisely handle the following simple case:
I need to check if user session exists, both actual user and admin logged-in-as-user scenarios, the latter taking precedence over the former; if neither condition exists, show login screen.
The actual user session check looks like:
request.session.get(Security.username) map { id=>
f(Success(id.toInt, request))
} getOrElse( onFail(request) ) // onFail = show login
and I need to add in the admin impersonating user case:
request.session.get(Security.impersonate) map { id=>
f(Success(id.toInt, request))
} getOrElse( onFail(request) )
I could getOrElse it all together but would prefer to clean things up a bit, the operation is the same regardless of user or admin-as-user cases.
A: Not getOrElse, just orElse
scala> val userName : Option[String] = None
userName: Option[String] = None
scala> val impersonate = Some("Fred")
impersonate: Some[java.lang.String] = Some(Fred)
scala> userName orElse impersonate
res0: Option[String] = Some(Fred)
scala> val userName = Some("George")
userName: Some[java.lang.String] = Some(George)
scala> userName orElse impersonate
res1: Option[java.lang.String] = Some(George)
So in your case
request.session.get(Security.username) orElse request.session.get(Security.impersonate) map { id=>
f(Success(id.toInt, request))
} getOrElse( onFail(request) )
| RedPajamaStackExchange_-6973886500134096540 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Dear readers, In this page we are providing latest Amrutanjan Healthcare jobs, Amrutanjan Healthcare walk-in drives, Amrutanjan Healthcare off campus drives and Amrutanjan Healthcare referral drives. Candidates who want to get the latest information about Amrutanjan Healthcare recruitment drives must bookmark this page. We provide each and every update of Amrutanjan Healthcare, such as job openings for freshers and experienced professionals, Amrutanjan Healthcare syllabus, Amrutanjan Healthcare test pattern, Amrutanjan Healthcare interview questions and Amrutanjan Healthcare placement papers.
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Amrutanjan Healthcare Limited is an Indian pharmaceutical company established by Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao in Mumbai in 1893. Amrutanjan was established as a patent medicine business in Mumbai in 1893 by K. Nageswara Rao Pantulu who was a journalist, social reformer and freedom fighter. The headquarters were shifted to Chennai in 1914.
Hope the above-provided information about Amrutanjan Healthcare careers, syllabus and test pattern is useful to you. Keep visiting All India Exams for latest fresher job updates. All India Exams is a hub for latest freshers jobs, BPO jobs, IT jobs, interview tips, interview questions and placement papers.
0 on: "Amrutanjan Healthcare Job Openings For Freshers 2017 | Amrutanjan Healthcare Recruitment 2017" | RedPajamaC4_4219089229573522913 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Lyft Joins Media, Hollywood, Schools & Other Big Corporations To Promote Big Lie of "Systemic Racism" In US
George Floyd was killed by a bad cop who didn't get fired because Minneapolis had a corrupt and mismanaged city government run by Democrats. The police chief was black. Three years earlier, a white women was senselessly shot to death by a black police officer in that same police department. Civil service laws and public employee unions also make it almost impossible to fire bad cops. And bad teachers. And bad public health experts. Neither slavery nor "systemic racism" had anything to do with it.
And yet big corporations like Lyft repeat the lies of the media, Hollywood, and academics that "systemic racism" is causing violence, poverty, and misery in black communities. If they really wanted improve things, they would instead spend their money to teach real history instead of the fake history that has saturated the last three generations of Americans.
They would make young Americans aware of the freedom and opportunities blacks found when they escaped the Democrat South and found a "New Promised Land" in Atlantic City and other prosperous towns in the Republican North during the "Great Migration" of 1870 to 1930. They should teach of the achievements of the Harlem Renaissance and of the many successes in each black community in the North. Like Sarah Spencer Washington of Apex Beauty Supply in Atlantic City and John McKee who built McKee City in Egg Harbor Township.
They could help young Americans learn that the problems of blacks in America today are not the result of slavery or "systemic" or "institutional" racism. They are instead the predictable result of socialism. Until President John F. Kennedy was murdered in 1963, blacks in America were rapidly approaching equality with whites in every area.
Lyft and other big corporations the use their resources to each that today's violence, poverty and misery in many black communities comes not from slavery of the 1860's, but massive welfare, fraud, corruption, and open borders that the Democratic Party brought to America in the 1960's,
The only "institutional racism" we have in America today is when better qualified whites and Asians are denied opportunities so colleges and businesses can meet "diversity" quotas.
It also seems like black lives matter only when a needless death is caused by someone who is white or a police officer. There was no outrage last weekend when 80 blacks were shot in Chicago and 21 died because they were shot by other blacks. There was no praise for the white police officers who rushed into dangerous black neighborhoods to stop others from being shot.
Who will pay for Stockton?s borrowing and spending spree?
Leave a Comment / Seth Grossman, Stockton University / By Seth Grossman / 11/09/2010 10/26/2017
Stockton students pay the price for dubious property acquisitions
1 Comment / Seth Grossman, Stockton University / By Seth Grossman / 10/12/2011 10/26/2017
1 thought on "Lyft Joins Media, Hollywood, Schools & Other Big Corporations To Promote Big Lie of "Systemic Racism" In US"
Joanne Horn
I will post this to others. The truth will set us free. | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_-4107635226060745535 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
"""
Created on Thu 6 Apr 2017
author: Aiting Liu
"""
from __future__ import division
import os
import random
RAWDIR = './raw'
OUTPUT = './data'
if not os.path.exists(OUTPUT):
os.makedirs(OUTPUT)
file_list = ['0_simplifyweibo.txt', '1_simplifyweibo.txt', '2_simplifyweibo.txt', '3_simplifyweibo.txt']
output_file = 'all_simplifyweibo.txt'
data_set = ['train.txt', 'valid.txt', 'test.txt']
def process(file_path):
fw = open(os.path.join(RAWDIR, output_file), 'w')
for raw_file in file_path:
f = open(os.path.join(RAWDIR, raw_file), 'r')
lines = f.readlines()
f.close()
label_class = raw_file[0]
print(label_class)
if str(label_class) == '0':
label = '喜悦'
elif str(label_class) == '1':
label = '愤怒'
elif str(label_class) == '2':
label = '厌恶'
elif str(label_class) == '3':
label = '低落'
sents = []
poses = []
sent_length = []
for i in range(0, len(lines)):
line = lines[i].strip()
tmp = line.split(' ')
# print(tmp)
sent = []
pos = []
for pair in tmp:
tmp1 = pair.split('/')
if len(tmp1) == 2:
# print(tmp1)
sent_tmp = tmp1[0]
pos_tmp = tmp1[1]
sent.append(sent_tmp)
pos.append(pos_tmp)
sents.append(str(label) + ' ' + ' '.join(sent) + '\n')
poses.append(str(label) + ' ' + ' '.join(pos) + '\n')
sent_length.append(len(tmp))
print(sent_length)
print(max(sent_length))
print(sum(sent_length)/len(sent_length))
fw.writelines(sents)
fw.close()
def split_data(all_data):
"""split all data into train_set/valid_set/test_set."""
with open(os.path.join(RAWDIR, all_data), 'r') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
random.shuffle(lines)
print(len(lines))
train_number = len(lines) - 2000
valid_number = 1000
train_set = lines[:train_number]
print(train_number, valid_number)
valid_set = lines[train_number:train_number+valid_number]
test_set = lines[train_number+valid_number:]
fw = open(os.path.join(RAWDIR, 'train.txt'), 'w')
fw.writelines(train_set)
fw.close()
fw = open(os.path.join(RAWDIR, 'valid.txt'), 'w')
fw.writelines(valid_set)
fw.close()
fw = open(os.path.join(RAWDIR, 'test.txt'), 'w')
fw.writelines(test_set)
fw.close()
def get_data_set(data_set_path):
OUTPUTDIR = ''
if 'train' in data_set_path:
OUTPUTDIR = os.path.join(OUTPUT, 'train')
if not os.path.exists(OUTPUTDIR):
os.makedirs(OUTPUTDIR)
elif 'test' in data_set_path:
OUTPUTDIR = os.path.join(OUTPUT, 'test')
if not os.path.exists(OUTPUTDIR):
os.makedirs(OUTPUTDIR)
elif 'valid' in data_set_path:
OUTPUTDIR = os.path.join(OUTPUT, 'valid')
if not os.path.exists(OUTPUTDIR):
os.makedirs(OUTPUTDIR)
with open(os.path.join(RAWDIR, data_set_path), 'r') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
sents = []
labels = []
for line in lines:
tmp = line.strip().split(' ')
label = tmp[0]
sent = tmp[1:]
sents.append(' '.join(sent) + '\n')
labels.append(label + '\n')
fw = open(os.path.join(OUTPUTDIR, data_set_path.split('.')[0]+'_sent.txt'), 'w')
fw.writelines(sents)
fw.close()
fw = open(os.path.join(OUTPUTDIR, data_set_path.split('.')[0] + '_label.txt'), 'w')
fw.writelines(labels)
fw.close()
def main():
process(file_list)
split_data(output_file)
for d in data_set:
get_data_set(d)
print('Done.')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
| RedPajamaGithub_3210272571781823277 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Ziemetshausen es un municipio situado en el distrito de Gunzburgo, en el estado federado de Baviera (Alemania), con una población a finales de 2016 de unos .
Se encuentra ubicado al oeste del estado, en la región de Suabia, a poca distancia de la frontera con el estado de Baden-Wurtemberg y al sur del río Danubio.
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Localidades del distrito de Gunzburgo | RedPajamaWikipedia_-6722686234547190556 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Mysterious pterosaur fossil passed for a shark until its toothless jaws gave it away
November 14, 2020, 5:17 AM ET
By Elizabeth Rayne
The Land Before Time VII: The Stone of Cold Fire. Credit: Universal
The pterosaur bone fragment that was almost mistaken for an ancient shark spine. Credit: Roy Smith
Sometimes you don't have to go on a fossil dig to discover a new species that has eluded us—you only have to excavate something from an old museum collection.
When a strange and unidentified species of toothless pterosaur flew out of museum collections that had been gathering dust for at least a hundred years, it had been previously mistaken for a shark because its jaw appeared to be a spine from an ancient shark. That isn't unheard of. Jaws of toothless pterosaurs (some did have teeth) can get mistaken for shark fin spines—but wait. It was almost identified as the known species Ornithostoma until paleontologist Roy Smith noticed some unique features that told him it was something else.
"Paracestracion shark fin spines also have an enamel sheaf over their surface, which pterosaur jaws do not have," Smith, who led a study recently published in Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, told SYFY WIRE. "However, this had been abraded off in most of the specimens. There are some subtle differences in bone wall thickness (pterosaur is thinner) and also a special bone texture."
The fossil fragment up close. Credit: Roy Smith
Smith, a Ph. D. candidate from the University of Portsmouth in the UK, was studying collections from both the Sedgick Museum in Cambridge and the Booth Museum at Bridghton. These fossils had been nearly forgotten about since they were accidentally unearthed by 19th century phosphate miners who, not unlike those who fell into the mining frenzy during the California Gold Rush of 1849, started scouring the English Fens for phosphate several years later. It might have not been gold, but phosphate still meant pay dirt.
Other characteristics that distinguished the pterosaur jaw from a shark fin were tiny holes that allowed nerves to stay close to the surface of the bone. These gave pterosaurs an advantage in sensitivity when it came to seeking out prey. Ornithostoma (which literally means "bird-mouth"), which is what this specimen was thought to be until Smith took a closer look, is thought to have most likely fished or hunted beach-dwelling creatures. Whatever fragments of this new pterosaur that remained were not complete enough to determine a species, but there are some things that set it apart from Ornithostoma.
"The cross-section outline is more equilateral in Ornithostoma and isosceles in the new pterosaur," Smith said. "The lateral surfaces of Ornithostoma are also convex, but these same surfaces are flat in the new pterosaur. Also, the dorsal margin (top vertex of the triangle) is round in Ornithostoma but much sharper in the new pterosaurs. The angles of the beak are also different."
While the new specimen is not nearly complete enough for an identity, it probably looked something like Ornithostoma and other toothless pterosaurs that soared over what is now Cambridge. The closest species of pterosaur to whatever the bone came from is believed to be the North African Alanqa that lived during the Late Cretaceous, though not many remains of that flying lizard have been found, either. The Alanqa is thought to have looked something like the warped version of a heron, with a huge neck and head compared its torso, and had enough power in its jaws to crush the shells of the mollusks it fed on.
Smith can at least visualize the unknown pterosaur's head (not unlike renderings of the Alanqa) with the little evidence he has.
"It likely had a long pointed beak, probably used for precision feeding like a stork or heron," he said. "But it is quite difficult to say what this enigmatic animal was like, hopefully I will be able to find some more specimens in other collections."
Too bad it is unlikely any more of this mystery species will emerge from where it was initially discovered, since there are no more exposures of rock in that area, but it could still be hiding in the back room of another museum.
Extinct tardigrade species almost lost to time found trapped in 16-million-year-old amber
T. Rex and Triceratops frozen in combat may finally be telling the truth about a 67-million-year-old cold case
Naughty Dog says a future new Uncharted game isn't out of the question.
Nicolas Cage teases Dracula performance in Renfield
Fear is contagious and we pass it to our friends
Live-action Masters of the Universe film casts He-Man
Read the 1st issue of Resident Alien: The Suicide Blonde | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_-2660147745505904233 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
\section{Introduction}
Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are believed to be the sites where the bulk of Galactic Cosmic Rays (CRs) are accelerated
up to PeV energies ($1~ \rm PeV=10^{15}~\rm eV$) \citep[see, e.g, ][]{Hillas2013,blasi13}. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in a few directions of exploring the CR acceleration
in SNRs, in particular using the $\gamma$-ray\xspace observations in the MeV/GeV and TeV energy bands \citep[see, e.g., ][]{Aharonian2013}. In particular, the detection of the so-called
$\pi^0$-decay bump in the spectra of several mid-age SNRs, is considered as a substantial evidence of acceleration of protons and nuclei in SNRs.
Moreover, the detection of more than ten young (a few thousand years old or younger)
SNRs in TeV $\gamma$-rays highlights these objects as efficient particle accelerators, although the very origin of
$\gamma$-rays (leptonic or hadronic?) is not yet firmly established. More disappointingly, so far all TeV emitting SNRs do not show energy spectra which would continue as a hard power-law beyond 10 TeV. For a hadronic origin of detected $\gamma$-rays, the "early" cutoffs in the energy spectra of
$\gamma$-rays around or below 10 TeV imply
a lack of protons inside the shells of SNRs with energies significantly larger than 100 TeV, and, consequently, SNRs do not operate as PeVatrons. However, there are two possibilities
would allow us to avoid such a dramatic, for the current paradigm of Galactic CRs, conclusion:
\vspace{1mm}
\noindent
(i) The detected TeV gamma-rays are of
leptonic (Inverse Compton) origin. Of course, alongside with the relativistic electrons,
protons and nuclei can (should) be accelerated
as well, but we do not see the related $\gamma$-radiation because of their ineffective
interactions caused by the low density of ambient gas;
\vspace{2mm}
\noindent
(ii) SNRs do accelerate protons to PeV energies, however it occurs at early stages of evolution of SNRs when the shock speeds exceed 10,000 km/s; we do not see the corresponding radiation well above 10 TeV
because the PeV protons already have left the remnant.
\vspace{2mm}
Both these scenarios significantly limit the potential of gamma-ray observations for the search for CR PeVatrons. Fortunately, there is another radiation component which
contains an independent and complementary information about these extreme accelerators. It is related to the synchrotron radiation of accelerated electrons,
namely to the shape of the energy spectrum of radiation in the cutoff region
which can serve as a distinct
signature of the acceleration mechanism and its efficiency. In the shock acceleration
scheme, the maximum energy of accelerated particles, $E_0 \propto B \ v_{\rm sh}^2$. Therefore, the epoch of first several hundred years of
evolution of a SNR, when the shock speed $v_{\rm sh}$
exceeds 10,000 km/s and the magnetic field is large, $B \gg 10 \ \mu$G,
could be an adequate stage for operation of a SNR as a PeVatron,
provided, of course, that the shock acceleration proceeds close to the Bohm diffusion limit \citep[see, e.g., ][]{Misha}.
Remarkably, in this regime, the cutoff energy in the synchrotron radiation of the shock-accelerated
electrons is determined by a single parameter, $v_{\rm sh}^2$ \citep{AhAt99,zirakashvili07}. Therefore, for the known shock speed, the position of the cutoff contains an unambiguous information about the acceleration efficiency. For
$v_{\rm sh} \simeq 10,000$~km/s,
the synchrotron cutoff in the spectral energy distribution (SED)
is expected around 10~keV. Thus, the study of synchrotron radiation in
the hard X-ray band can shed light on the acceleration efficiency of electrons, and, consequently,
provide an answer whether these objects can operate as CR PeVatrons, given that in the shock acceleration scheme the acceleration of electrons and protons is expected to be identical. In this regard,
G1.9+0.3, the youngest known SNR in our Galaxy \citep{reynolds08, green08}, is a perfect object to explore this unique tool.
The X-ray observations
with the Chandra and NuSTAR satellites \citep{reynolds09, zoglauer15} cover a rather broad energy interval which is crucial for the study of the spectral shape of synchrotron radiation in the cutoff region. Such a study has been conducted by the team of the NuSTAR
collaboration \citep{zoglauer15}. However,
some conclusions and statements of that paper seem to us rather confusing and, to a certain extent, misleading.
In this paper we present the results of our own analysis of the NuSTAR and Chandra data
with an emphasis on the study of the SED of X-radiation
over two decades, from 0.3 keV to 30 keV. Using the synchrotron spectrum and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, we derive the energy distribution of electrons responsible for X-rays, and discuss the astrophysical implications of the obtained results.
\section{X-ray observations}\label{sec:data}
The recent hard X-ray observations of G1.9+0.3 by the NuSTAR satellite are unique for understanding of the acceleration and radiation processes of ultrarelativistic electrons
in SNRs at the early stages of their evolution. The detailed study of the NuSTAR data, combined with the Chandra observations at lower energies, have been comprehensively analysed by \citet{zoglauer15}. In particular, it was found that the source can be resolved into two bright limbs with similar spectral features. The combined Chandra and NuSTAR data sets have been claimed to be best described by the so-called
{\it srcut} model \citep{Reynolds2008} or by the power-law function with an exponential cutoff. The characteristic cutoff energies in these two fits have been found around 3 keV and 15 keV, respectively \citep{zoglauer15}.
To further investigate the features of the X-ray spectrum in the
cutoff region we performed an independent study based on the publicly available Chandra and NuSTAR X-ray data. For NuSTAR, we used the set of three observations with ID 40001015003, 40001015005, 40001015007, including both the
focal plane A (FPMA) and B (FPMB) modules. The data have been
analysed using the HEASoft version 6.16, which includes NuSTARDAS, the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software package (the version 1.7.1 with the NuSTAR CALDB version 20150123). For the Chandra data, we used the ACIS observations with ID 12691, 12692 and 12694. The Chandra data reduction was performed by using the version 4.7 of the CIAO (Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations) package.
In Fig.\ref{fig:map} we show the X-ray sky map above 3~keV based on the NuSTAR
40001015007 data set. In order to gain from the
maximum possible statistics, for the spectral analysis we have
chosen the entire remnant . The background regions were selected in a way to minimise the contamination caused by the
PSF wings as well as from the stray light.
The excess in the south of the FPMA image is the stray
light from X-rays that hit the detector without impinging on the optics \citep{wik14}. We use the same source regions for Chandra observations.
The results of our study of the the spatial distribution of X-rays appeared quite
similar the one reported by
\citep{zoglauer15}. Therefore, in this paper we do not discuss
the morphology of the source but focus on the
study of spectral features of radiation.
The spectral shape of synchrotron radiation in the cutoff region is sensitive to the spectrum of highest energy electrons which, in its turn, depends on the electron acceleration and energy loss rates. To explore a broad class of spectra, we describe the spectrum of X-rays in the following general form:
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}N}{{\rm d} \epsilon} =
A E^{-\Gamma} \exp[-(\epsilon/\epsilon_0)^\beta_{\rm e}] \ .
\label{spectrum}
\end{equation}
The change of the index $\beta$
in the second (exponential) term allows
a broad range of spectral behaviour in the cutoff region. For
example, $\beta=0$ implies a pure power-law distribution, while
$\beta=1$ corresponds to a power-law with a simple exponential cutoff.
In the fitting procedure, in addition to the three parameters $\epsilon_0, \Gamma$ and $\beta$, one
should introduce one more parameter, the column density $N_{\rm H}$,
which takes into account the energy-dependent absorption of X-rays.
We fix this parameter to the value found by \citet{zoglauer15} from the fit of data by their {\it srcut} spectral model . Strictly speaking, the best fit value of the column density should be different for different spectral model. To check the impact of different spectral models on the column density, we adopted different
functions leaving the column density as a free parameter in the fitting procedure.
We found that the difference of the best fit column density and the above fiducial value
is less than several percent. Therefore, in order to keep the procedure simple and minimise the number of free parameters, we adopt the value $N_{\rm H}=7.23 \times 10^{22}$ from the paper of \citet{zoglauer15}.
The results of our fit of the NuSTAR and Chandra spectral points
using the model ``power-law with exponential cutoff" in the general form of Eq.(1), i.e.
leaving $\beta$, $\Gamma$ and $\epsilon$ as free parameters,
are shown in Table 1. One can see that the best fit gives a rather narrow range of the index $\beta$ around 1/2. In Table we show separately also the results of the fits with three fixed values
of $\beta$: 0, 1/2, and 1. While the pure-power law spectrum ($\beta=0$) can be unambiguously excluded, the model
of power-law with a simple exponential cutoff ($\beta=1$) is not favourable either. It is
excluded at the $3 \sigma$ statistical significance level. In summary, the combined Chandra and NuSTAR data are best described by the index $\beta_{\rm e} \approx 0.5$ and $\epsilon_0 \approx 1.5$~keV.
Whereas $\beta=1/2$ seems to be a natural outcome (see below), the cutoff energy around 1.5 keV is a rather unexpected result.
Namely, it implies that the acceleration of electrons in G1.9+0.3 proceeds significantly slower than one would anticipate given the
very large, 14,000 km/s shock speed. This can be seen from the comparison of
of the SED of G1.9+0.3 with one of the most effective particle accelerators in our
Galaxy, $\approx$1600 year old SNR RX~J1713.4-3946 (see Fig.\ref{fig:sed1}).
The cutoff energy in the synchrotron spectrum of shock-accelerated electrons
is proportional to the square of shock speed $v_{\rm sh}^2$ \citep{AhAt99}. Therefore, in order to exclude the difference in the cutoff energies caused by the difference in the shock speeds,
we rescale the energies of the spectral points of RX~J1713.4-3946 by the factor $(v_{\rm sh}/14,000 \ \rm km/s)^2$, where the shock speed of RX~J1713.4-3946 is about
$v_{\rm sh} \simeq 4,000 \ \rm km/s$ \citep{Uchiyama07}.
After
such normalisation, the cutoff energy of
RX J1713.4-3946 becomes an order of magnitude higher than the cutoff in G1.9+0.3.
The acceleration of electrons in RX J1713.4-3946 proceeds close to the
Bohm diffusion limit thus provides an acceleration rate close to the maximum value\citep{Uchiyama07,zirakashvili10}.
Consequently, we may conclude that the current acceleration rate of electrons in
G1.9+0.3 is lower, by an order of magnitude, compared to the maximum possible rate.
It should be noted that the physical meaning of
Eq.(\ref{spectrum}) should not be overestimated. Namely, it
should be considered as a
convenient analytical presentation of the given set of
measured spectral points. Consequently,
the $\Gamma,\beta,\epsilon_0$) that enter into Eq.(\ref{spectrum}),
should be treated as a combination of formal fit parameters
rather than physical quantities.
For example, $\epsilon_0$ in the exponential term of
Eq.(\ref{spectrum}) should not necessarily coincide with the cutoff energy (or
maximum in the SED). Indeed, in different ($\Gamma,\beta,\epsilon_0$) combinations describing the same spectral points,
the parameter $\epsilon_0$ could have significantly different values.
Analogously, $\Gamma$ should not be treated as a power-law index but rather
a parameter which, in combination with $\Gamma$ and $\beta$, determines the slope
(the tangential) of the spectrum immediately before the cutoff region.
The maximum acceleration rate of particles is
achieved when it proceeds in the Bohm diffusion limit. In the energy-loss dominated regime, the spectra of synchrotron radiation can be expressed by
simple analytical formulae \citep{zirakashvili07}. Because of compression of the magnetic field,
the overall synchrotron flux of the remnant is dominated by the
radiation from the downstream region (see Fig.\ref{fig:sed2}). The SED of the latter can be presented in the following form \citep{zirakashvili07
\begin{equation}
\epsilon^2\frac{{\rm d}N}{{\rm d} \epsilon} \propto
\epsilon^2 (\epsilon / \epsilon_0)^{-1} [1+0.38 (\epsilon/\epsilon_0)^{0.5}]^{11/4}
\exp[-(\epsilon/\epsilon_0)^{1/2} \ .
\label{shape}
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}
\epsilon _0= \hbar \omega _0= \frac {\mathrm{2.2\ keV}}{\eta
(1+\kappa ^{1/2})^2}\left( \frac {u_1}{\mathrm{3000\ km\ }s^{-1}}
\right) ^2 \ ,
\label{e0}
\end{equation}
where $\eta$ takes into account
the deviation of the diffusion coefficient from its minimum value
(in the nominal Bohm diffusion limit $\eta =1$).
In the standard
shock acceleration theory, the momentum index of accelerated electrons
$\gamma_{\rm s}=4$, and the ratio of the upstream and downstream
magnetic fields, $\kappa=1/\sqrt{11}$.
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{fa.eps}\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{fb.eps}
\caption{Images from the observation 40001015007 for the FPMA (left) and FPMB (right) modules.
The source and background regions are indicated by the white and green contours, respectively.}
\label{fig:map}
\end{figure*}
In Fig.\ref{fig:sed2} the spectral points of G1.9+0.3
are compared with the theoretical predictions for synchrotron radiation in the
upstream and downstream regions \citep{zirakashvili07}. The calculations are performed for
two values of the parameter $\eta$ characterising the acceleration efficiency: $\eta=1$
(Bohm diffusion regime) and 20 times slower ($\eta=20$). The good (better than 20 \%) agreement of the spectral points with the theoretical curves
for $\eta=20$ tells us that in G1.9+0.3 electrons are accelerated
only at the 5 \% efficiency level.
Although in the paper of
\citet{zoglauer15} the spectral points are not explicitly presented, thus the direct
comparison with our results is not possible, the conclusions of our study on the energy spectrum of G1.9+0.3 seems to be in agreement with the results of
\citet{zoglauer15}. However, because of the incorrect interpretation of the process of
formation of the spectrum of synchrotron radiation, the statements in the paper by
\citet{zoglauer15} are misleading (see Appendix \ref{app:a}).
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.55\linewidth]{sed_vs.eps}
\caption{The spectral points of G1.9+0.3 (this work; black circles)
and RX~J1713.4-3946 (red square) from \citet{1713_suzaku}. The energies
of the points of RX~J1713.4-3946 are rescaled
by the factor of the square of the ratio of shock speeds of J1713.4-3946 and G1.9+0.3:
$\rm (14,000 \ km/s / 4000 \ km/s)^2=12.25$.
}
\label{fig:sed1}
\end{figure*}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.55\linewidth]{cur.eps}
\caption{The spectral points of G1.9+0.3 (this work) compared to the predictions of synchrotron radiation of the shock accelerated electrons in the downstream and upstream regions \citep{zirakashvili07} for two regimes of diffusion: Bohm diffusion $\eta=1$ and 20 times faster, $\eta=20$.
}
\label{fig:sed2}
\end{figure*}
\begin{table*}[htbp]
\caption{Spectral Fitting results for G1.9+0.3 } \label{tab:1} \centering
\begin{tabular}{lllllll}
\hline
model&\vline ~PL index&\vline ~cutoff (keV)&\vline ~$\beta$ &\vline $\chi ^2 /d.o.f.$&\\
\hline
\hline
PL &\vline ~2.54 (2.52 - 2.56) &\vline&\vline &\vline ~1089.4/666 &\\
\hline
PL+ecut &\vline ~2.04 (1.98 - 2.10) &\vline~11.8 (10.5 - 13.3)&\vline &\vline ~697.7/665 &\\
\hline
PL+ecut ($\beta$=0.5) &\vline ~1.65 (1.60 - 1.70)&\vline ~1.68 ( 1.50 - 1.90)&\vline ~0.5&\vline ~686.2/665\\
\hline
PL+ecut ($\beta$ free) &\vline ~1.62(1.48 - 1.75)&\vline ~ 1.41 (1.30-1.55)&\vline ~0.48 (0.40-0.56)&\vline ~685.8/664 &\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
\section{Relativistic electrons and magnetic fields}
The joint treatment of X-ray and $\gamma$-ray data, under the
simplified assumption that the same electron population is responsible for
the broad-band radiation through the synchrotron and inverse Compton channels,
provides information about the magnetic field and the total energy budget in relativistic electrons. G1.9+0.3 has been observed in VHE
$\gamma$-ray band with the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescope system. Although
no positive signal has been detected \citep{hessG1.9}, the $\gamma$-ray flux
upper limits allow meaningful constraints on the
the average magnetic field in the X-ray and $\gamma$-ray production region. For calculations of the broad-band SED, we adopt the same background radiation fields used in the paper \citet{hessG1.9}: the infrared component with temperature of $48~\rm K$ and energy density of $1.5~\rm eV cm^{-3}$, and the optical component with temperature of $4300~\rm K$ and the energy density of $14.6~\rm eV cm^{-3}$. The comparison of model calculations with observations (see Fig.\ref{fig:SEDmodeling}) give a
lower limit of the magnetic field, $B \geq 17 \rm \mu G$.
Under certain assumptions, the magnetic field can be constrained also based only
on the X-ray data. In the ``standard" shock acceleration scenario, electrons are accelerated with the power-law index $\alpha =2$. However
because of the short radiative cooling time, their spectrum of highest energy
electrons (the X-ray producers) becomes steeper, $\alpha=2 \to 3$. Consequently, in the downstream region, where the bulk of synchrotron radiation is produced,
X-rays have a photon index $\Gamma=2$. The synchrotron cooling time can be expressed through the magnetic field and the X-ray photon energy:
$t_{\rm synch} \simeq 50 (B/100 \rm \mu G)^{-3/2} (\epsilon/1~\rm keV)^{-1/2}$~years. Thus
for $\epsilon \sim 1 \rm \ keV$ and the age of the SNR $\sim 150$~yr, we find that the magnetic field should be larger than $50 \mu$G.
The combined Chandra and NuSTAR data cover two decades in energy,
from sub-keV to tens of keV. This allows derivation of the energy distribution
of electrons, $W(E)=E^2{\rm d}N_{\rm e}/{\rm d}E$ in the most interesting region around the cutoff.
The results shown in Fig.\ref{fig:ele} are obtained using the
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) code {\it Naima} developed by V. Zabalza
\footnote{\url{https://github.com/zblz/naima}}. It is assumed that the magnetic field is homogeneous both in space and time. The results shown in
in Fig.\ref{fig:ele} are calculated for the fiducial value of the magnetic field $B=100~\rm \mu G$, however they can be rescaled for any other value of the field. Note that while
the shape of the spectrum does not depend on the strength of the magnetic field, the energies of individual electrons scale as $E \propto B^{-1/2}$, and the total energy contained in electrons scales as $\propto B^{-2}$.
Since in the ``standard"
diffusive shock acceleration scenario the synchrotron X-ray flux is contributed mainly by the downstream region, the results in Fig.\ref{fig:ele} correspond to the range of the
energy distribution of electrons for the same region. For comparison we show
the energy distribution of electron calculated
using the formalism of \cite{zirakashvili07}.
Apparently, the good agreement between the derived electron spectrum
with the theoretical curve for $\eta$
naturally reflects the agreement between the X-ray observations and the theoretical predictions as demonstrated in Fig.\ref{fig:sed2}.
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth, height=0.3\linewidth]{sed_G19+03.eps}
\caption{X-ray SED as well as the VHE upper limit from \citet{hessG1.9}. The curves are the synchrotron and IC emissions fitted to derive the lower limit of the magnetic field.
}
\label{fig:SEDmodeling}
\end{figure*}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth, height=0.3\linewidth]{electrondis.eps}
\caption{Electron spectrum from the x-ray data points (black curve and shaded area) and theoretical predicted integrated electron spectrum in young SNR (red curve) assuming a fast diffusion, i.e., $\eta = 20$ in Eq.1. Also shown is the contribution from downstream region.
}
\label{fig:ele}
\end{figure*}
\section{Conclusions}
SNRs are believed to be the major contributors to the Galactic CRs. The recent
detections of TeV emission from more than ten young SNRs (of the age of a few thousand
years or younger), demonstrates the ability of
these objects to
accelerate particles, electrons and/or protons, to energies up to 100 TeV.
Yet, we do not have observational evidence of extension of hard
$\gamma$-ray spectra well beyond 10~TeV. Therefore one cannot claim
an acceleration of protons and nuclei by SNRs to PeV energies. On the other hand,
one cannot claim the opposite either, given the possibility that the acceleration of PeV protons and nuclei could happen at the early stages of evolution of SNRs when the shock speeds exceed 10,000~km/s.
Then, the escape of the highest energy particles
at later stages of evolution of SNRs can explain the spectral steepening of gamma-rays at multi-TeV energies from $\geq 1$ thousand years old remnants.
In this regard, the youngest known SNR in our Galaxy, G1.9+0.3, with the measured shock speed 14,000~km/s, seems to be a unique object in our Galaxy to explorer the
potential of SNRs for acceleration of protons and nuclei to PeV energies. Such measurements have been performed with the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes. Unfortunately, no positive signal has been detected. On the other hand,
the recent observations of G1.9+0.3 in hard X-rays by NuSTAR provide unique information about the acceleration efficiency of electrons. Together with Chandra data at lower energies, these data allow model-independent conclusions. Although the general shape of the energy spectrum of X-rays is in a very good agreement with predications of the diffusive shock-acceleration theory, the acceleration rate appears an order of magnitude slower relative to the maximum acceleration rate achieved in the nominal Bohm diffusion limit. To a certain extent, this is a surprise, especially when compared with young SNRs like Cas A and
RX~J1713.4-3946 in which the acceleration of electrons proceeds in the regime close to the Bohm diffusion. If the acceleration of protons and nuclei proceeds in the same manner as the electron acceleration, this result could have a negative impact on the ability of G1.9+0.3 to operate as a PeVatron. Apparently, the observations of G1.9+0.3 alone are not sufficient to conclude whether this conclusion can be generalised for other SNRs.
| RedPajamaArXiv_-7813358464850841121 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Posted on February 15, 2010 by Emma Jacobs
Fixing Up Foreclosures
Megan McNally in front of her home in Buffalo. She purchased the house for $3,800. (Photo by Emma Jacobs)
After being vacant for three years, the house needed a lot of repair. (Photo by Emma Jacobs)
Ken Hicks is a construction worker. He helps McNally with questions she has on things like plumbing and heating. (Photo by Emma Jacobs)
In many older cities, some
neighborhoods are known for
their abandoned houses. A
lot of these will decay beyond
repair and end up as debris
in landfills. Emma Jacobs
takes us to one hard-hit
neighborhood, where one house
has become a laboratory for
doing green construction:
http://environmentreport.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/feature_jacobs_021510.mp3
n many older cities, some
(sound of climbing steps)
Last year, at age 20, Megan McNally bought a house.
"This is the front room. Um, this is gonna be the bathroom. Doesn't look like much now. It'll get there."
Not just any house. She wanted to find a project in this neighborhood to tie to the environmental science she studied during the year.
While home from college for a summer, McNally had been working with a nonprofit, Buffalo Reuse. It works in a neighborhood of East Buffalo with rows of abandoned homes. She paid $3800 dollars at the city's foreclosure auction for a small, wood-frame house that had been vacant for three years.
"I really wanted to help some effort in Buffalo and so I was trying to brainstorm and I sat down with Michael and we sort of came up with this idea of buying a house."
(sound of truck)
Michael is–Michael Grainer, who runs Buffalo Reuse. We make a coffee run and he tells me this neighborhood is part of a city whose population has shrunk by half.
"What we're trying to do is to build a base of projects that are undergoing some kind of transformation and also lots that are undergoing a transformation."
McNally's house looks like it's in good shape, but it had also taken a lot of abuse.
"On the outside, it looks really great. You could move in tomorrow. But as I came in here the first weekend it was leaks that people didn't take care of. There was…this floor we had to cut out because it was all rotted from black mold."
McNally had no prior knowledge of home repair. Transforming this house soon escalated as she found she would be replacing the plumbing and heating. But in some way, she's also found her lack of experience to be an asset in recruiting help.
Ken Hicks is helping to measure out a part for a radiator in the front room. He turned up near dusk one day last winter. McNally was under the house checking the foundation, and Hicks, a construction worker was helping out the owner next door. He saw her feet sticking out from underneath. When she crawled out they started talking.
"It was a big joke, you know. We went back and forth and I said, you know, it was just so weird to see you in that situation and that situation and that predicament. And we just started from there,"
Slow work during a down economy means Hicks spends more time on volunteer jobs. He's become one of the main people McNally turns to with questions about plumbing and carpentry.
"Being really young, you can ask a lot of stupid questions, and people go, 'Oh man, this girl,' but then go on and like, answer it in a way where maybe they wouldn't be so open with somebody else."
"Anything you can possibly do wrong has been done has been done in this house. But all those things that I'm talking about are now corrected, and there's so much more knowledge here."
There's still months of work left, but McNally knows she will be living here soon. She has learned both a lot of construction skills and a lot about teaching, herself. She holds workshops to help the neighbors who are left take on their own properties. Her house, still unfinished, is a good training ground for beginners. McNally also realized people are less afraid to approach her with their questions than the experts she first had teaching.
"It's hard putting things together. And, I don't know, there's been times where you just want to sit down and you get so frustrated that you don't know how to do something that I think it's really important to have people there who say, whatever, it's ok and it's ok that you don't know everything, because you know, once you figure it out or ask questions, or just do it (laughs) and hope that things work out for the best, they usually do."
For The Environment Report, I'm Emma Jacobs.
Buffalo ReUse
TER's Greenovation stories
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Fergus(s)on of Moulin
including Adam, Forsaith, Macdonald, McColl, McInnes, Moodie, Morris and related Cumming, Paul, Sarre & Wicks families
Clan Fergusson?
Family Lines - Direct
Family Lines - Indirect
People's Gallery
A Royal Connection?
A Pictorialist in the Family
Events and Places
Who did what when
May Helen WARD1
Quick Family Chart
Father* Alfred WARD1 b. 1877, d. 1958
Mother* Florence Rosina BRITTAIN1 b. 1885, d. 1950
May Helen WARD was born on 11 May 1911 in Brisbane, Queensland.1,2
Charts Robinson descendant chart
Copyright © 2011-19 by Don Ferguson. You may copy this information and make derivative works as long as you credit www.fergusontree.com for the original materials.
[S237] Family Tree - A Agnew, "James Robinson descendants."
[S183] National Archives Film - Queensland BDM Indexes, Microfilm, Reg. No. 1911/B025536.
Percy Albert WARD1
Percy Albert WARD was born on 17 June 1917 in Queensland.1,2
[S488] Index - Queensland BDMs (online and fiche), at https://www.qld.gov.au/law/…, Birth Reg. No. 1917/C5376.
Herbert James WARDELL1
( - 1952)
He married Caroline Jean LUDBROOK, daughter of Edward Reginald LUDBROOK and Helen Whittle HEATH, in New Zealand on 28 December 1940.2,1,3
Herbert died on 19 June 1952.2,1
Caroline Jean LUDBROOK (1905 - 1983)
Charts Stephen Blomfield (c1750?-1809) descendancy
[S312] Electronic Files - A Robinson, and subsequent correspondence.
[S262] Book - Rex & Adriene Evans, Faith & Farming, p394.
[S443] CD - NZ Marriages, CD - NZ Marriages 1836-1956 V2, NZ Registrar General's Folio 15047.
Janet Muir WARDLAW1
Janet Muir WARDLAW was born in Cambusnethen, Lanarkshire, in 1889.2
She married Alfred William BRITTAIN, son of William Frank BRITTAIN and Ellen ROBINSON, in Brisbane, Queensland, on 1 January 1917.1,3,4
Janet died on 9 October 1943 in Queensland.5
Alfred William BRITTAIN (1888 - 1952)
Marion Ellen BRITTAIN1 (1920 - 2011)
Bruce WIlliam BRITTAIN1 (1922 - 1986)
Ralph Alfred BRITTAIN1 (1923 - 1995)
Lenard Andrew BRITTAIN (1925 - 2005)
Robert Percival BRITTAIN1 (1928 - 1993)
[S612] GRO Scotland, birth/bapt record, District of Cambusnethen, Statutory Births, GRO 628/00 0655.
[S488] Index - Queensland BDMs (online and fiche), at https://www.qld.gov.au/law/…, Marriage Reg. No. 1917/B19614.
[S183] National Archives Film - Queensland BDM Indexes, Microfilm, Reg. No. 1917/17B, 019614.
[S488] Index - Queensland BDMs (online and fiche), at https://www.qld.gov.au/law/…, Death Reg. No. 1943/B63631.
Lilian Kate WARHAM1
Lilian Kate WARHAM was born in Easington, Durham, on 17 October 1881.1,2
Lilian's marriage to Sidney Twynam Forsaith REES, son of William Davison Wood REES and Ellen FORSAITH, was registered between July 1913 and September 1913 in Easington, Durham.3
She was listed in the 1939 Register at 'Lynboline', Whitburn Rd in Boldon, Durham, with Sidney Twynam Forsaith REES; he was a bank cashier and ARP warden.2
Lilian's death was registered between July 1973 and September 1973 in Durham, Durham.4
Sidney Twynam Forsaith REES (1881 - 1980)
Charts Samuel Forsaith (c1702-1751) descendancy
[S190] Index - GRO and Office of National Statistics, England & Wales Civil Registration Qtrly Indexes, Birth: District of Easington, Vol 10a, p419, 4Q1881, mother's maiden name REED.
[S1044] Census - 29 Sep 1939, UK Register, RG101/2756C/008/44, Letter Code: FFGE, Schedule 74.
[S190] Index - GRO and Office of National Statistics, England & Wales Civil Registration Qtrly Indexes, Marriage: District of Easington, Vol 10a, p915, 3Q1913.
[S190] Index - GRO and Office of National Statistics, England & Wales Civil Registration Qtrly Indexes, Death: District of Durham NE, Vol 1a, p1080, 3Q1973, aged 91.
Edgar Ryder WARREN1,2
Edgar Ryder WARREN was born in Prestwich, Lancashire, on 9 May 1910.2,3,4
Edgar's marriage to Winifred Violet AGASS, daughter of William Joseph AGASS and Eliza Jane SNOW, was registered between July 1939 and September 1939 in Hammersmith, London, Middlesex.1
He was listed in the 1939 Register at 44 Drew Gardens in Ealing, Middlesex, with Winifred Violet AGASS; he was a motor fitter in a steel works, and she was a machinist in a tent works.4
Edgar's death was registered between October 1989 and December 1989 in Thanet, Kent.5
Winifred Violet AGASS (1906 - 1989)
Charts Snow descendant chart
[S190] Index - GRO and Office of National Statistics, England & Wales Civil Registration Qtrly Indexes, Marriage: District of Hammersmith, Vol 1a, p1243, 3Q1939.
[S190] Index - GRO and Office of National Statistics, England & Wales Civil Registration Qtrly Indexes, Birth: District of Prestwich, Vol 8d, p319, 2Q1910, mother's maiden name COWDREY.
[S190] Index - GRO and Office of National Statistics, England & Wales Civil Registration Qtrly Indexes, Death: District of Thanet, Vol 16, p2028, 4Q1989 gives this birth date.
[S1044] Census - 29 Sep 1939, UK Register, RG101/0716G/013/30, Letter Code: BCDM, Schedule 134.
[S190] Index - GRO and Office of National Statistics, England & Wales Civil Registration Qtrly Indexes, Death: District of Thanet, Vol 16, p2028, 4Q1989.
Anna Lawry WATERHOUSE1
Father* John WATERHOUSE1 b. 1852, d. 1940
Mother* Elizabeth Anna LAWRY1 b. 1858, d. 1938
Anna Lawry WATERHOUSE was born in 1902 at St Leonards in Sydney, New South Wales.1,2
Anna died on 10 October 1993 in Sydney, New South Wales.3
[S220] Family Tree - provided by L Marshall, "Lawry Family tree."
[S284] Index - New South Wales BDMs online, at http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au, Birth Reg. No. 6857/1902.
[S396] Ryerson Index to Australian Newspaper Death and Obituary Notices, at http://www.rootsweb.com/~nswsdps/dpsindex.htm, Sydney Morning Herald of 12 Oct 1993.
Hephzibah Marguerite Lawry WATERHOUSE
Father* John WATERHOUSE b. 1852, d. 1940
Mother* Hephzibah LAWRY b. 1853, d. 1894
Hephzibah Marguerite Lawry WATERHOUSE was born on 26 September 1891 in Dungog, New South Wales.1
Hephzibah died on 29 October 1894 at the wreck of the "Wairarapa" in Gt Barrier Island at age 3.2
[S284] Index - New South Wales BDMs online, at http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au, Birth Reg. No. 12569/1891.
[S542] Index - New Zealand BDMs online, at http://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/, Death Reg. No. 1894/5474, aged 3.
Jabez Leonard Lawry WATERHOUSE
Jabez Leonard Lawry WATERHOUSE was born on 28 April 1893 in Wallerawang, New South Wales.
John WATERHOUSE1
John WATERHOUSE was born in Campbelltown, Tasmania, on 3 March 1852.1,2
He married Hephzibah LAWRY, daughter of Henry Hassall LAWRY and Hephzibah FORSAITH, in New Zealand on 30 June 1880.3,4
He was widowed at age 42 on the death of his wife Hephzibah on 29 October 1894.1,5
John's second marriage was to Elizabeth Anna LAWRY, daughter of Henry Hassall LAWRY and Hephzibah FORSAITH, on 4 October 1901 in Auckland.1,6,7
He was widowed at age 86 on the death of his wife Elizabeth on 18 July 1938.1,8
John died on 19 March 1940 in Chatswood, Sydney, New South Wales, at age 88.1,9
Hephzibah LAWRY (1853 - 1894)
John Henry Lawry WATERHOUSE (1884 - 1942)
Lionel Lawry WATERHOUSE (1885 - 1972)
Walter Lawry WATERHOUSE10 (1887 - 1969)
Olive Lawry WATERHOUSE (1889 - 1978)
Hephzibah Marguerite Lawry WATERHOUSE (1891 - 1894)
Jabez Leonard Lawry WATERHOUSE (1893 - )
Elizabeth Anna LAWRY (1858 - 1938)
Anna Lawry WATERHOUSE1 (1902 - 1993)
Charts Samuel Forsaith (c1702-1751) descendancy (#1)
Samuel Forsaith (c1702-1751) descendancy (#2)
[S179] Tasmanian Archives & Heritage Office, including Colonial Tasmanian Family Links Database, at http://www.linc.tas.gov.au, shows a male born 1852 in Campbelltown (Lawry tree suspect in stating 1853); to Jabez Bunting Waterhouse and Maria Augusta Bode.
[S443] CD - NZ Marriages, CD - NZ Marriages 1836-1956 V2, NZ Registrar General's Folio 806.
[S542] Index - New Zealand BDMs online, at http://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/, Marriage Reg. No. 1880/1263.
[S542] Index - New Zealand BDMs online, at http://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/, Death Reg. No. 1894/5466, aged 41.
[S443] CD - NZ Marriages, CD - NZ Marriages 1836-1956 V2, NZ Registrar General's Folio 0169.
[S284] Index - New South Wales BDMs online, at http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au, Death Reg. No. 14022/1938.
[S284] Index - New South Wales BDMs online, at http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au, Death Reg. No. 609/1940.
[S518] Australian Dictionary of Biography, at http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/adbonline.htm
Based on family research since 1975, recorded in The Master Genealogist v9.05 (TMG) from Wholly Genes
Research by Don Ferguson (click to contact), Australia
Site updated on 4 Jan 2020; 3,553 people | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_6965133789827061338 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Once upon a time, fairytales were the province of storytellers. Then, briefly, they were the province of children. Now, they're the province of major studios and television networks. As if by magic, a surge of fairytale-inspired media has swept big and small screens alike, suddenly and simultaneously. ABC's "Once Upon a Time" and NBC's "Grimm"—two 2011 series featuring an assortment of characters and motifs culled from Grimm's fairytales—inaugurated the latest flurry. Then came Red Riding Hood, Snow White and the Huntsman, Mirror Mirror, Hansel and Gretel: Witchhunters, and, this past spring, Maleficent, a radical retelling of "Sleeping Beauty" from the villain's perspective. A film adaptation of Stephen Sondheim's Into the Woods is slated to come out this December, and two story collections, Told Again and The Witch and Other Tales Re-Told, will be published this fall. The former, a reprinting of a collection first published in the 1920s, is a reimagining of a reimagining, the re-repackaging of stories now twice repackaged.
These new fairy tales are more than just modern "updates" of their precursors: they go so far as to personalize stories that were once impersonal. Until now, fairytales have been a cultural resource, collective and anonymous, often repurposed but rarely reclaimed. But unlike the original "Sleeping Beauty," a folktale with no clear origin and no clear author, Maleficent bears the distinctive mark of its directors and writers. Like the other films in this most recent wave of retellings, it highlights the creativity of its authors by subverting a story we all know so well—by choosing a context where deviations from the norm are felt so acutely.
Fairytale spin-offs like Maleficent are poised to do particular violence to our expectations. Our familiarity with favorites like "Rapunzel" and "Cinderella" amounts to a sort of fluency: fairytales have an intuitive grammar, and we become conversant in the language of glass slippers, wishes, and magical transformations at an early age. It's no coincidence that structuralist scholars like Claude Lévi-Strauss and later Roland Barthes selected folktales and myths as their focus, breaking them into their component parts and deciphering the social practices that underwrote them. Many of the elements they isolated were loaded with ready-made, widely-acknowledged significance that affords fairytales a kind of communicative precision absent from other literatures. Usually, the symbolic meaning of literary imagery is up for debate, but years of telling and retelling have worn the significance of fairytales deep into the narrative woodwork: Archetypes like witches, stepmothers, and princesses take on an almost unambiguous valence.
Fairytales, then, are characterized less by their specific plot points than by their affect, their reliance on familiar tropes—their invocation of what fairytale scholar Marina Warner calls in her forthcoming history, Once Upon a Time: A Short History of Fairy Tale, the "form's symbolic language." This language relies on quaint yet curt surrealism: Fairytales are disturbing, even fantastic, but their tone is always simple, incredulous, bordering on childish.
New retellings like Snow White and the Huntsman are novel in that they represent a break with this familiar language, logic, and sensibility. Their tone is adult, and they are hard-hitting, even investigative: They promise to let us in on a secret, to complicate what always appeared so straightforward, to mature what always appeared so infantile. Many of the refurbished stories have a touch of exclusivity, of revelation, about them. Where their earlier iterations were stylized and sugar-coated—blonde, blue-eyed, and, in their most iconic forms, animated—recent retellings shock us by deviating from the standard scripts to expose the "facts." "You know the tale ... now find out the truth!" the Maleficent trailer proclaims, as if the film were relating a piece of scandalous gossip. And there is indeed something scandalous about unfamiliarity that takes such a familiar form, a wolf in grandmother's clothing. Adaptations are always implicitly paired with the stories that inspired them, always haunted by the ghosts of their originals, and it is for this reason that they manage to surprise us so thoroughly whenever they stray from their source material.
But more than tone, substance distinguishes these retellings.The new accounts are three-dimensional (sometimes literally—Maleficent and Hansel and Gretel: Witchhunters are both in 3D), and they realize a personal vision in place of an anonymous cultural imperative. Characters who once helplessly enacted their assigned roles are reclaiming some measure of agency. In earlier versions of "Sleeping Beauty," Maleficent is a caricature, less a character than a symbol. But in Maleficent, we learn her back-story—and come to find her sympathetic, even relatable. In Mirror Mirror and Snow White and the Huntsman, Snow White undergoes a similar transformation, this time from archetypal damsel in distress into an autonomous figure with no shortage of sword-fighting skills. Like the new Maleficent, the new Snow White is forward, intrepid, and assertive. She's real—a person, not a cookie cutter. Perhaps most striking are Hansel and Gretel, whom we know as helpless if clever children—and who become a physical force to be reckoned with in Hansel and Gretel: Witchhunters, where they make use of high-tech weapons in their fight against a league of evil witches.
These departures from the traditional stories highlight their author's originality because their genre accentuates each point of difference. Our sensitivity to deviations is heightened, and each small challenge to the established framework ripples throughout the narrative, shocking us at every turn.
This is a first for fairytales, where originality is a relatively recent virtue. The first big names associated with folklore saw themselves as collectors or historians, sometimes ethnographers, but rarely as creative agents. Their job was to give voice to collective fantasies, to report back from the dreamscape of the public psyche, not to invent or fabricate. They did not construct so much as transmit or transcribe.
Although the Children's and Household Tales are too violent for an audience of actual children, there remains a sense in which they live up to their name: They are primal and foundational, strange and brutal, and they read as if children wrote them. Flat, affectless, and unpretentious, proceeding with the certainty of a sleepwalker or the inevitability of a dream, they offer no explanations, no apologies. Warner writes that they are "one-dimensional, depthless, abstract, and sparse." Above all, they are atmospheric—they let an aesthetic dictate and direct their content.
Of course, this isn't the first time that fairy tale retellings have made their way into movie theaters or bookstores. French filmmaker Jean Cocteau's 1946 rendering of "Beauty and the Beast" is canonical, and Joyce Carol Oates's "Where Are You Going Where Have You Been" is a loose adaptation of "Little Red Riding Hood," to name just two prior examples. But those tales were isolated, and they were for the most part variations on a familiar theme: they were true to the aesthetic, if not to the literal content of the stories that inspired them. They meet matters of darkness and complexity with childish simplicity. Reading them or watching them, we have the sense that some inner drive, something dark and deeply ingrained, is their animating force—that someone has cast a spell on us, that we are victims of a magic too powerful to resist. The effect is seductive: We aren't its author but its object.
Maleficent and its cohort offer a refreshing contrast. These revamped stories are empowering. They deliver us from the curse of passivity, from the vulnerability of lost children, defenseless princesses, and magical events that we cannot control. They're explanatory: they help us parse characters whose motives eluded us, events we never understood. But they no longer play by the savage rules of a world where a wish is simultaneous with its fulfillment, a transgression with its just comeuppance. They're too practical, and they make too much sense.
If, as Warner argues, fairytales are defined not by the specifics of their content but by their approach to reality, by their graciously straightforward acceptance of suffering and their unflinching brutality, then these adaptations aren't fairytales at all. The original stories were dark and baffling but familiar and oddly comforting. They imagined a world of brutal justice that appealed to something primal in us. Rational retellings can engage us, but they cannot enchant us as thoroughly, cannot transport us back to our origins quite as powerfully. They can explain what we couldn't understand, but they cannot assail us with mystery—and they can't end quite so enigmatically, so magically, so happily, ever after. | RedPajamaC4_-6913203512626307037 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Poetry and Further Making
Scott Cairns
Poetry and the News: by James Matthew Wilson Hurry Up Please It's Time: by Remy Wilkins Good News from a Far Country: by Christian Leithart Poetry and Further Making: by Scott Cairns Andrew Young's Real Info: by Micah Mattix Smashing Poetry to Pieces: by Aaron Belz Poetry and the News: A Final Response: by James Matthew Wilson
Yes. I, too, witness in these famous utterances of Pound and Williams an efficacious wisdom being limned for our instruction: a worthy poem, duly engaged, avails for the reader uncommon access to what is the most necessary news—that news upon which we depend in our ongoing enterprise of meaning-making. My own sense of what that continuing enterprise involves—what that enterprise requires if it is ever to be realized as a useful enterprise—has undergone a good bit of change in the years since my undergraduate days when, frankly, I misunderstood poetry's purpose. Hobbled, perhaps, by the limiting errors of most of my teachers, I suffered under the still common impression that poets—and most writers—sought primarily to communicate information, opinions, emotions, experiences, or any number of circumstances that they already had in mind as they sat down to shape a text.
Granted, there are many sorts of texts whose primary purpose it is to deliver from one mind to another—or to many others—some previously understood matter. Technical manuals, legislation, assembly instructions, driving directions, and—come to think of it—conventional journalistic texts of the sort we most often have in mind when we say the news. Of course, we are grateful that these various texts can serve what I would call their referential and documentary operations. Even so, such a referential, documentary operation is not the kind of experience and activity that a poet seeks, nor is it the kind of experience and activity that any genuinely poetic operation of language offers to us as readers.
As most of us will acknowledge, theories of literary reception span a wide range of expressions. I pray that you will forgive my cutting to the chase as I suggest that the majority of those theories can be characterized in their undertakings as privileging one of two general dispositions towards what words are, and what words do—or what they can do, if given the chance. For simplicity's sake, I'll characterize the two dispositions as leaning toward either a neo-platonic or a rabbinic understanding of words, as such.
In her still pertinent 1983 book, The Slayers of Moses, Susan A. Handelman cites Hans Georg Gadamer as having articulated a very telling difference between certain Greek and Hebrew words for word, and observes in that distinction that reveals a priori dispositions regarding what a word does and what it doesn't.
She writes, "We must begin then, as usual, with the Greeks"; and, quoting Gadamer, she continues, "Greek philosophy more or less begins…with the insight that a word is only a name, i.e., that it does not represent true being." Handelman continues, "[i]ndeed the [commonplace] Greek term for word, onoma, is synonymous with name. By contrast, its Hebrew counterpart—davar—means not only word but also thing.
Well, there are, besides onoma, other Greek words that one might enlist in this discussion: lexis, epos, mythos, and the most familiar (to Christian Bible readers, at least) logos. Handelman's observation, however, applies without quibble to all but one of these cases; lexis, epos, and mythos all participate in an implicit dichotomy of name and thing; each is understood, in its activity, as a particular flavor of utterance, that is, as an expression of or reference to prior matter. The final case, logos, actually provides an instructive complication of Handelman's contention, for it illustrates that, were it not for Christendom's onetime acutely neo-platonic turn, general Christian attitudes towards words, even today, might have been far more suggestively Hebraic, and far less reductive, less likely to limit our terms to their acts of denotation.
When the evangelist, theologian, and poet—Saint John—uttered Logos as his word for Word, he was making what I suspect to be a very Jewish point with a very Greek gesture. Until that moment, logos was generally consigned to the transcendent realm of Platonic Ideas, the realm of Real Things, of which the apparent world was supposed to be only a shadow. When Saint John wrested Logos from the ether and placed it in the muck among us, he was articulating a collision of realms, a collision whose concurrently disruptive and generative powers Christians appear to have all but forgotten, even if certain of the fathers and mothers of the Church intermittently have tried, without much success, to keep us cognizant of our inheritance.
Whichever Greek word for word we choose, its usage is similarly problematic; because the neo-platonic notion of the written word assumes it to be a name merely, it is, in practice, perceived as a sorry substitute for the spoken word, which is itself a sorry substitute for the thought, which is a sorry substitute for the very distant Idea—that objective reality to which we have no real access, save through this tortured ontology of diminishing returns—or by some act of transcendence, which skirts the matter at hand (and often discounts all matter in general) in favor of a purely intellectual apprehension of the allegedly real.
This overtly Gnostic model, of itself, poses no great hardship until one begins to suspect how it undermines the status, the intrinsic value, of whatever immediate body or body of text it's applied to. The human body, for instance, might be understood to be—as Plotinus understood it to be—an unfortunate prison house for the human spirit; the earth itself becomes little more than the vehicle of some cosmic allegory. Back in the realm of text, the difficult poem in the hand becomes little more than an encrypted message whose code must be cracked if we are to get at the thing, the prior and preferred event or idea or other experience it is able only to point toward, the thing it merely names, or gestures in the direction of. Once that code is cracked, once the poem delivers its directions to the ballpark, the poem itself can be discarded, for its message has been received and put to what passes for proper use.
On the other hand, the Hebraic notion of the written word ( דָּבָר / davar) presumes the word itself to be a thing, and even to be a power; it is a thing with generative agency. Recall the Genesis account of creation, during which all that we know is spoken into being. Duly apprehended, this perspective enables a consequent, Hebraic understanding of a text as a made thing capable of further making.
A made thing capable of further making—this will serve, at least for now, as my definition of any art worth pursuing.
The difference between such neo-platonic and Hebraic dispositions is perhaps helpfully demonstrated by comparing conventional, Christian habits of exegesis (whose tonal inflections are often strident, insistent, definitive) with traditional rabbinic habits of narrative commentary (whose tonal inflections are more often playful, speculative, and always provisional). For the commonplace Christian exegete (and please note that I'm not saying every Christian exegete), the scripture is revered for the Reality it allegedly points back to; the scriptural text is pored over and explicated, often in great detail, but its words are most often perceived as the static names for prior things, and the resulting exposition (being made of words, and worse, of subsequent words, belated words) will always remain distinctly referential to scripture, distinctly secondary, and valuable, if at all, only to the degree to which it avails the decoding of the prior, the scriptural text, which is itself understood as something of a gloss of the transcendent Real, which lies some distance behind even that scriptural language.
So, let's hurry back to the more generous other hand: the rabbinic writer (as well as—I should add—the Semitic writer of early Eastern Christendom) approaches the Torah as if its every word, its every letter, were a live and powerful thing, possessing live and powerful agency.
As a possessor of live and powerful agency, each word, each letter of Torah is capable of provoking endless response, generating endless new production, which, by its nature, also partakes in the holy, the inexhaustible. And which, by its nature, also carries the germ of reproductive power, and therefore also bears live and powerful agency. Any printed edition of Talmud manifests a useful illustration of the result.
At the center of the page rests a column of Torah, a column of sacred text.
This passage is framed by a surrounding layer of narrative explication, inscribed in response to the provocations of that scripture's suggestive phrases, words, letters.
Over time, this outer layer itself has provoked additional, subsequent layers of commentary.
Now, imagine this activity continuing until the generated power of Torah emanates outward, continuously infusing every layer of response with its own, original power to generate further text.
Our immediate interests—I'm told—have most to do with how poems work to deliver necessary news. The heart of the matter appears to pulse around the question of how meaning is made.
It seems safe to say that all cognitive activity begins with some such manner of reading—either the literal act of reading a text or, more figuratively speaking, the sentient reception of all that one encounters; this is also an act of reading, yes? Whenever we read, we make something of what we see; we participate either consciously or subconsciously in the constructions of our receptions and responses. This is what the rabbis know, it is what the "fathers" of our faith knew, and it is what most poets worthy of the name understand. None of this, of course, is to say that there is no objective reality that surrounds our every subjective construction; it is only to say that our only access to any provisional glimpse of that objective reality is our own subjective, participatory, and collaborative co-creation.
So, what is the news that the genuine poem makes manifest for our ken? It is the new made thing constructed at the point of our leaning into the text that lies before us and—bringing our current selves to the meeting place—our willingness to make with it. Poems are not the only texts that educe from us this new sense of things, but they are, perhaps, the texts most deliberately constructed to do so. Today's news will not be tomorrow's news, but we are obliged to receive today's news if we hope to be in position wisely to receive what follows tomorrow. This is why great poems—like our sacred scriptures—support and encourage return visits; this is why a familiar poem or familiar passage of scripture can be (and perhaps must be?) re-read to some advantage. Each is live and enlivening text; each is capable of serving as scene for our ongoing meaning-making—delivering, today, the news we need.
Scott Cairns is a poet and Program Director for Seattle Pacific University's MFA in Creative Writing.
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The best mirrorless cameras and DSLRs for video — 2021
These are the best DSLR and mirrorless cameras on the market right now, organized by use case.
The Videomaker Editors
The best mirrorless cameras and DSLRs dominate the video production scene thanks to their impressive image quality and relative affordability. Though these little cameras still look like photo-only tools, they have become increasingly capable video cameras with some big advantages.
At the end of this article, we'll go over some of the special considerations unique to this form factor. But first, here are the best DSLR and mirrorless cameras across several use cases.
The Editors' Choice award recognizes exceptional video production equipment, software and services. These products must help videographers be more effective storytellers while being affordable, easy to use and dependable. The products must also deliver a superior user experience.
Best all around camera
$1,596.95 at Amazon $1,596.95 at B&H Video $1,596.95 at Adorama
10-bit external capture
Great image quality
Single media card slot
Screen isn't fully articulating
The Nikon Z6 is one of two new full-frame mirrorless cameras from Nikon, the other camera being the pricier Z7. While the Z7 prioritizes photo resolution with a large 45.7-megapixel sensor, while the Z6 uses a sensor with an effective pixel count of 24.5MP. The Z6, however, supports a larger ISO range, from 100 – 51200.
As for video, the Z7 and Z6 both record in full-frame 4K UHD at 30p. The camera allows for capture in either the FX or DX format, so you have the option to crop your image at will, giving you more flexibility in your field of view. Along with 4K, the two cameras also shoot Full HD video at up to 120p. Plus, the cameras use the full-pixel readout for sharper 4K.
While several manufacturers launched new mirrorless systems at around the same time, Nikon's offerings stand out in part because of the affordability and quality of the initial lens offerings for the cameras' brand new Z Mount.
The Z6 and Z7 are also the first cameras to output in Nikon's N-Log picture profile. Pairing the Z6 with an external recorder enables both N-Log and 10-bit video recording.
Its full-frame sensor, flexible recording options and growing collection of Z Mount lenses work together to help the Nikon Z6 capture video of impressive quality.
Read the full review.
Budget all around camera
$898.00 at Amazon $898.00 at B&H Video $898.00 at Adorama
No record limit time
120fps in HD
No in-body image stabilization
The Sony a6400 is the follow up to the a6300 in Sony's lineup of compact, lightweight APS-C cameras. Sony claims the camera has the fastest autofocus in the world, with an acquisition time of just 0.02 seconds. That's is lighting fast. It also sports 4K video recording, "Real-time Eye AF" and "Real-time Tracking," and of course the 180-degree tiltable LCD touch screen.
The camera uses a 24.2 MP APS-C sized image sensor with an upgraded BIONZ X processor. With this combo and the same image processing algorithms as Sony's full-frame cameras, noise in the a6400 is greatly reduced.
This is also Sony's first APS-C mirrorless camera to include the Hybrid Log-Gamma picture profile. Both S-Log2 and S-Log3 are available, as well. Other handy tools include Zebra functionality, Gamma Display assists and proxy recording. That last feature should make editing large video clips in post much easier. Overall, the Sony a6400 is a feature-rich camera.
Watch the video review.
Best camera for online video
$1,699.95 at Amazon $1,699.00 at B&H Video $1,699.99 at Best Buy
10-Bit 4:2:2 DCI 4K
Eterna Bleach Bypass Film Simulation
The Fujifilm X-T4 comes with a lot of important features for online video creators. It has a newly designed IBIS system, a quiet shutter and a new vari-angle LCD screen that makes it easier for vloggers to shoot in selfie mode. Plus, it adds Eterna Bleach Bypass Film Simulation for that cinematic look. It can also record F-Log footage in 10-bit color, straight to the card.
Inside, the X-T4 has a 26.1 MP, back-side illuminated CMOS sensor and an X-Processor 4. The camera can record DCI 4K/60p and Full HD/240p super slow-motion video. Additionally, the AF-C subject tracking works in low-light conditions down to -6EV. Finally, it has a battery said to last quite a while and a form factor that's both compact and lightweight.
Budget option for online video
Canon M50
Good image quality
Flip out screen
Significant rolling shutter
2.56 times crop shooting 4K
The Canon EOS M50 sports a 24.1-megapixel APS-C sensor and can capture 4K video at 24fps, 1080p video at 60fps, and 720p video at 120fps. While one of the big features for the M50 is its 4K capabilities, 4K recording comes with a 1.6X crop. That's an additional crop to the existing 1.6X APS-C crop factor. The M50 uses Canon's Dual Pixel CMOS AF and a new "eye detection AF" that automatically locks focus to a subject's eyes, but unfortunately, you can't use phase-detection Dual Pixel AF in 4K.
The M50 has built-in Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and NFC connectivity. There's also a vari-angle, flippable touchscreen perfect for vloggers. Solid video functionality and an articulating screen makes the Canon EOS M50 a solid pick for vloggers on a budget.
Read the full review.
Best hybrid photo/video camera
Sony a7R IV
61 Megapixel sensor
Real-time Eye AF
240 MP Pixel Shift multi shooting
Poor menu system
No 4k 60p
No 10-Bit video
The Sony a7R IV offers more to hybrid shooters than any other camera before it. The a7R IV combines a 61 Megapixel resolution image sensor with 6K oversampled video for capturing UHD 4K. Plus, it has no record time limit. While the codec, frame-rate and resolution options for video haven't changed since the previous model, the added benefits to still shooters elevate the a7R IV to the level of hybrid shooter's dream camera.
If you are a hybrid shooter, meaning you want a strong video and stills camera, the Sony a7R IV is at the top of its class. Just looking for a high resolution stills camera? The a7R IV might still be for you, though you will pay a premium for the added resolution over the previous model a7R III. If you are a video only shooter and wouldn't be able to use the photo features, then the a7R IV might be a poor choice. You can get much more for less money from many other cameras on the market. In all, the video looks great, and with the addition of no record limit time with dual card slots, its ready for just about anything.
Budget option hybrid photo/video camera
$749.00 at B&H Video $749.00 at Adorama $749.99 at Best Buy
Accepts EF mount lenses
Record up to 60 fps
Flip-out screen
Shared headphone/mic jack
Limited external controls
The Canon Rebel T8i is a DSLR that accepts EF and EF-S mount lenses. That means it can use high-end EF lenses if you so wish. This camera has an APS-C sensor, on the larger side for its price. This will give you a 1.6 times crop factor, when shooting at up to UHD 4k at 4:2:0 8-Bit or any other resolution. making it a good choice for those who want a solid video camera and strong photo capabilities. Additionally, the T8i can shoot up to 60 frames per second in full HD — that's more than two times slow-mo when played back at 24p. Although this camera offers plenty of options, one of the most important for this price point is the flip out screen. The T8i isn't a ground-breaking camera, but for the money, it's a great buy.
Most cinematic camera
Panasonic GH5s
Included v-log L
Internal 10-bit 4:2:2 recording
No sensor stabilization
With a new 10.2-megapixel Digital MOS sensor, Dual Native ISO and a Venus Engine 10, the Panasonic LUMIX GH5s aims to correct one of our only issues with the GH5: its performance in low light. Though the two cameras share many similarities, Dual Native ISO technology borrowed from the VariCam line helps the GH5s shoot at higher ISOs with less noise.
The GH5s is also the first mirrorless camera to offer 4K 60p video recording in Cinema 4K — a pretty big milestone. And thankfully, just like the GH5, there isn't any record time limit for either Full HD or 4K video recording. In addition to 10-bit video recording, photo shooting in 14-bit RAW format is also possible. The GH5s shoots video in DCI 4K at up to 60 fps for a maximum 2.5x slow-mo. By contrast, resolution on the GH5 tops out at UHD 4K. The GH5s also ups the maximum HD frame rate to 240 fps for a maximum 10x slow-mo.
With its Multi-Aspect sensor, the GH5s also captures a wider field of view than that of other four-thirds sensor cameras. Less crop equals more field of view at the same resolution. This will give videographers the advantage using the maximum sensor area possible.
Absent from the GH5s is the 5-axis in-body stabilization of the GH5. If you're choosing between the GH5 and the GH5s, you'll be confronting a trade-off between sensor performance and image stabilization. However, cinematographers shooting in controlled environments where the camera properly supported likely won't miss the stabilization.
Best run-and-gun camera
Face-detect AF
Larger weight and size
Auto exposure in high speed video
The Sony a7S III is a full-frame mirrorless camera that can capture internally up to 10-bit 4:2:2 UHD 4K video in 120 frames per second. All that for $3500, one might ask, what other features you might want or need?
Special considerations for DSLR & mirrorless cameras
As with any type of camera, choosing the right DSLR or mirrorless camera means weighing a number of different factors against your budget and intended use. You can get an overview of the important tech specs to consider before any camera purchase in our article on How to buy a camera. However, there are a couple of considerations that are unique to this particular form factor.
DSLR or mirrorless camera?
One of the major differences between mirrorless and DSLR cameras is size. A DSLR has a mirror in front of the image sensor, allowing the user to look into an optical viewfinder and through the lens. When the shutter is released to take a still picture, the mirror drops, momentarily exposing the image sensor. When shooting video, the mirror remains down, and the video can be seen on the LCD screen in the same way as on a mirrorless camera.
Because of the mirror mechanism, DSLRs tend to be larger and heavier than mirrorless cameras. DSLRs, at their smallest, weigh around a pound and a half and can fit in a small bag. In contrast, mirrorless cameras can weigh as little as half a pound and can be pocket-sized with a small lens. If you're shooting on a tripod or a shoulder rig, the difference in size can be insignificant.
If you're shooting on a tripod or a shoulder rig, the difference in size can be insignificant.
Another common difference is in monitoring options. Some mirrorless cameras lack viewfinders, instead relying on rear display panels; those that have them necessarily use electronic viewfinders, or EVFs, which have a reputation for making it difficult to see detail. Fortunately, many come with the advantage of being able to digitally zoom from within the EVF for focus assist. When a DSLR is in video mode, the optical viewfinder is disabled, and the video is viewable on the LCD screen making it function much like a mirrorless camera.
When buying an interchangeable-lens camera, lens mount is also important — especially if you already have a collection of glass in your kit. This is typically tied to the sensor size. The larger the sensor, the larger the glass in the lens needs to be because the lens needs to be able to cover the whole sensor with light. That's why a full-frame lens can work with an adapter on a smaller sensor, but a small sensor lens will not work on a full-frame camera regardless of the adapter; it won't cast enough light to cover the whole sensor. If you already have a substantial lens collection, consider lens-mount compatibility before you have to put your old lenses on Craigslist.
DSLRs have the broadest selection of lenses, from macro lenses to super-telephoto to fully manual cinema lenses. You can find a lens for almost any application to fit your DSLR's mount. While the selection of lenses for mirrorless cameras is limited, the lenses are smaller and lighter than comparable DSLR lenses. You can often find adapters for mounting DSLR lenses on mirrorless cameras, but these adapters vary in quality, and some lens functions such as autofocus and iris control (aperture control) may not work.
Do you need a camera that's super compact and lightweight? If so, then a small, mirrorless camera might be right for you. Do you want an affordable camera with a huge variety of lenses and accessories? In that case, a larger DSLR might be the solution you're looking for.
Many of the newer models of mirrorless and DSLR cameras share similar features, making the difference between these two types of cameras minimal. Besides the mirror, the biggest difference is weight and size. On a tripod, that doesn't mean much. With the camera handheld, a little more weight and a larger body can make the camera easier to keep steady.
Above all, focus on the features that are important to you. Think about what you'll be shooting and the environment you'll be working in. Finding a camera that has the right features for the types of shoots you do is the first step in selecting the best gear for your productions.
Disagree with our picks? Think we missed something great? Tell us about it in the forums.
cinema camera
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Arjun Kapoor on family's pressure to tie the knot with Malaika Arora; Kartik Aaryan and Sara Ali Khan can't take their eyes off each other as they pose together, and more…
Updated : Jan 13, 2020, 19:12 IST2070 views
In a recent interview, Arjun Kapoor opened up about settling down with Malaika Arora. On being asked that if he faces family pressure to marry Malaika and settle down, Arjun went on to say that he listens to everyone but he does what he wants to do and that his family stops pushing him after a certain point. Furthermore he added that whenever he takes a decision of that proportion, he will keep his family in mind, and more updates from the world of entertainment…
Playing01:48Arjun Kapoor on family's pressure to tie the knot with Malaika Arora; Kartik Aaryan and Sara Ali Khan can't take their eyes off each other as they pose together, and more…
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Equipment controls
Cat D3K2, D4K2 and D5K2 dozers get factory-installed GRADE with 3D option
Marcia Doyle
Cat has added the GRADE with 3D system as a factory-installed option to its small D3K2, D4K2 and D5K2 dozer lineup. The automated grade control system uses GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) to position the blade without operator input from "from start to finish on the jobsite," says Joel Fritts, product applications specialist with Caterpillar.
The option also incorporates the Cat AccuGrade Ready Option, allowing the use of universal total station and laser references for automated control.
According to Cat, GRADE with 3D allows operators of all skill levels to achieve specified grades faster and more accurately, while reducing staking costs.
Integrated into the design of the machine, the system's antennas, receivers and data radio are positioned on top of the cab, eliminating the need to remove components at the end of the day. "With a lower profile antenna on the machine, it's more difficult to see that the technology is on the machine, and it lowers the risk of vandalism," Fitts says. Machine orientation is monitored by three inertial measurement units; position-sensing hydraulic cylinders track blade position.
Cat says the system can provide one-tenth foot-level accuracy while in the GNSS mode. It does this by using real time kinematic positioning technology, integrating multiple real time kinematic positioning technology with information from an on-site base station receiver or other corrections device. Comparing the machine's blade position with a downloaded site design plan, the system automatically positions the blade using an integrated electro-hydraulic valve module.
When activated, the system automatically controls both blade lift and tilt to conform to digital jobsite plans, requiring only that the operator steer the machine. Compared to manual controls, GRADE with 3D reduces manual input by 80 percent, Cat says.
Operators monitor their progress on a configurable 10-inch Android touchscreen display incorporated into the dash. "An operator can use multiple views on the screen, including a cross section profile and overhead view," Fitts says. In addition to touchscreen controls, there are control buttons for activating the system on the joysticks.
The three small dozer models can also be ordered with the AccuGrade Ready Option only, which includes the Cat Slope Assist system, sensors, processor and wiring harness. The machine can then be easily upgraded later to GRADE with 3D.
"Not everyone is ready for the full system," Fitts says. "Our objective is to give our customers what they want. They can just order an ARO machine and later on if they want to add GRADE with 3D they can, or they can use their older receivers."
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Q: Is it possible to run on heroku non web java application? I want to run a java application that is not webapp
I tried the worker process, but as I understand, this is just an additional process that works with the web process. On heroku I got Error H14 (No web processes running). But I DON'T HAVE A WEB PROCESS.
Too long to describe what kind of application I have. But let's say this is just an application with one App class and one main method, which will just output "Hello world!"
How to make only Hello world application work in a heroku project without any web part?
It is maven project
A: Your application should communicate through HTTP protocol as web API, then you will be able to publish it as a web service, otherwise, it's just a console application that should be downloaded as .jar file and runnable on the user's host machine
A: It turned out that this error pops up if you are visiting the webpage of your app. If you just don't visit your app's webpage, this error doesn't appear and your app works fine.
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Shortage prompts school boards to hire teachers who can speak French only slightly better than students, report says
Caroline AlphonsoEducation Reporter
Published February 13, 2019 Updated February 14, 2019
Growing demand from parents for French immersion has created a shortage of teachers in many parts of the country, with some school boards settling for educators who can speak French only slightly better than their students, according to a new report.
The study released Wednesday by the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, which reports to Parliament and whose mandate is to promote bilingualism, found in its survey of school districts that several boards kept language requirements low for fear of not filling teaching positions. One district reported that the linguistic skills teachers demonstrate when interviewing for a position were not always adequate for teaching conversational French and that because of a lack of qualified teaching candidates, some boards felt they had to "settle" for teachers with a slightly better grasp of the language than their students.
The report also found provincial ministries of education expressed concern about a French-language teacher shortage, and suggested positions are being filled, but sometimes with candidates who do not have adequate language or cultural competencies.
French immersion is popular with many parents who want their children to learn a second language or to give them a competitive edge. Enrolment in the program climbed about 20 per cent between 2011-12 and 2015-16, according to Statistics Canada, at a time when the total student body remained the same. Meanwhile, school boards said they have struggled with reconfiguring classrooms and finding qualified teachers.
In its report, the commissioner called on the federal government to work with provinces and territories to encourage greater standardization of teachers' required French-as-a-second language qualifications, and to implement measures that will support and improve their language proficiency and their linguistic and cultural confidence.
Raymond Théberge, the Commissioner of Official Languages, said in a release that Ottawa should look at establishing a national strategy to address the shortage of French-as-a-second-language teachers.
"More than ever, Canadians want their children to have access to the advantages that come with being bilingual, yet at the same time, there is a chronic and critical shortage of FSL teachers," he said, adding students should not be denied an opportunity to become bilingual.
French is taught in a variety of ways in school, including French immersion and core French, in which students learn the language as a subject.
Jeremy Ghio, a spokesman for Mélanie Joly, Minister of Official Languages, said the issue of a French-language teacher shortage has been raised with federal officials during consultations. The government, in its action plan to strengthen minority communities and promote bilingualism, has secured $62-million to help provinces, territories and organizations address this issue, Mr. Ghio said in an e-mail statement.
From the archives: Quality of French-immersion teachers questioned as demand soars in Canada
Opinion: French immersion could do with a dose of reality
Opinion: There's just one problem with French immersion ... well, several, actually
From the archives: Class divide: as French immersion booms, English classrooms shrink
The Commissioner of Official Languages report included a literature review, telephone interviews with provincial and territorial ministries of education and school boards across the country. It also involved interviews with French-as-a-second language teacher candidates and an online survey of teacher candidates.
Glyn Lewis, executive director for the Canadian Parents for French for B.C. & Yukon, said the report adds more evidence to what has become a critical issue.
In some B.C. school districts, parents have lined up outside school doors to ensure their children could get a spot in the French immersion program.
And in Ontario, where demand is high, school boards have reported difficulty in addressing demand because of teacher-shortage issues. Some boards have put a lottery system in place to contain the exploding growth.
Mr. Lewis said the report's call for a standardization of French-as-a-second-language teacher qualifications would be unlikely across the country because education is a provincial issue. But perhaps provincial governments would consider this, he said. Some school boards, meanwhile, have recently started implementing a standard minimum requirement, while others use in-house proficiency tests when hiring new teachers.
"There's an interesting conversation to have on how we create a benchmark for those standards," Mr. Lewis said. But he said a teacher shortage changes the dynamics. "When push comes to shove, they [school districts] sometimes need to bend on those standards."
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This work presents the results of different surface micromachining processes done on a chip from On Semiconductor 0.5 µm commercially available CMOS technology. The intended objective is to fabricate a MEMS inertial transducer in a monolithic substrate, as the electronics for signal processing are based on a Floating Gate MOS transistor, fully integrated in the electromechanical structure. According to the available layers and design rules from the foundry, an inertial sensor chip was designed and fabricated, except the last post–processing step, i.e., the removal of the sacrificial layer and thus releasing the inertial structure based on a surface micromachining process, allowing the completed device to behave as designed.
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TD – Can Canada's oil-rich Alberta capture a low-carbon future?
by Alex Lowe
in Banking
Home » TD – Can Canada's oil-rich Alberta capture a low-carbon future?
TORONTO (Thomson Reuters Foundation) – At a research site in rural Alberta, carbon dioxide is injected deep into the ground. Using remote sensors, scientists monitor its movement to ensure the planet-heating gas does not migrate upwards.
"Basically, think of ultrasound on bodies – we're doing ultrasound on the earth," said Don Lawton, director of the Containment and Monitoring Institute and a geophysics professor at the University of Calgary.
The research findings are shared with oil and gas companies exploring ways to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) during production before the greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere, and storing it underground or using it for other purposes.
"If you pick up a rock, it's not totally solid – it's like a sponge, right? It's got lots of little holes in it," Lawton said. "Those have held oil and gas for millions of years, so the conclusion is then they'll be able to hold CO2 as well."
The oil sands in the western Canadian province of Alberta contain one of the world's largest deposits of crude oil, with more than 165 billion barrels of bitumen in the ground, according to the Alberta Energy Regulator.
But Alberta's oil and gas industry has also contributed to making Canada the world's fifth-largest greenhouse gas emitter per capita, and the only G7 nation whose emissions have risen every year since the Paris Agreement came into force in 2016.
Aiming to change course, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau recently committed to almost halving the country's emissions by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.
For Alberta, capturing and storing carbon could prove a key tool for cutting those emissions and smoothing its transition from Canada's largest polluter to a lower-carbon economy.
The technology received a boost in April's federal budget, with Ottawa announcing a tax credit for capital invested in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) projects, to cut combined emissions by at least 15 megatons of CO2 annually.
The Alberta government is also collaborating on a CCUS working group with federal agency Natural Resources Canada.
EXPENSIVE TECHNOLOGY
Recognizing its unique geography for storing carbon, Alberta has invested in carbon capture projects since the 2000s and boasts two major projects out of just a few dozen large-scale operations globally.
Shell's Quest facility has stored 5 megatons of CO2 from oil sands operations since 2015, while the Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL), a 240-km (149-mile) CO2 pipeline, opened last year.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Storage Atlas, Alberta has the capacity to sequester an estimated 78 gigatons of CO2, such as in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.
But building facilities to capture carbon dioxide during production is extremely expensive.
"Capture has always been the big price monster," said Rick Chalaturnyk, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Alberta.
Quest, for example, got $865 million from the governments of Canada and Alberta to build and operate its facility, though it has said construction would cost 30% less today.
Uncertainty around government policies and carbon taxation has also made it hard for businesses to invest heavily in carbon capture, Chalaturnyk said.
"These projects are built based on 20-plus-year lives and long pay-backs, so regulation that has the risk of disappearing in four years is challenging," said Kevin Jabusch, chief executive of Enhance Energy, part of a consortium that owns and operates the ACTL.
The CO2 pipeline was built with government support to serve as a distribution system once more heavy industries in Alberta such as cement manufacturers start capturing carbon. It is currently at just 10-15% capacity, Jabusch said.
"If we look at the goals for 2030 and the carbon price, there is definitely a moment in the next decade when the economics work," said Alison Cretney, managing director of the Energy Futures Lab, a nonprofit research group.
Canada's federal carbon tax is set to rise gradually to $170 per ton by 2030 from $30 today, while the new CCUS incentive is inspired by a U.S. tax credit called 45Q which has encouraged U.S. oil companies to capture carbon.
Projects like the ACTL have been economically viable due to capturing carbon for "enhanced oil recovery", where pressurized CO2 is injected into oil fields to boost the amount of oil extracted.
However, Cretney said it should eventually be possible to fund emissions capture through storage or selling carbon for new uses, such as incorporating it into cement.
GETTING CLEAN
As Alberta looks to lower greenhouse gas emissions, calls have been growing to diversify the economy more quickly beyond oil and gas – particularly as depressed oil prices have caused significant economic pain since 2014.
"In the long-run, the demand for oil and gas is going to go down as countries start to very deliberately move away from using fossil fuels," said Chris Severson-Baker, Alberta regional director at the Pembina Institute, a think-tank.
A report released by TD Economics in April found that three-quarters of Canada's oil and gas sector workers – 450,000 people – could lose their jobs by 2050, most of whom work in Alberta.
"I think we only do ourselves harm if we don't recognize that and start planning for it," Severson-Baker said, adding that emerging industries like geothermal energy have struggled to get government attention due to the focus on oil and gas.
However, Alberta's Minister of Energy Sonya Savage said her government had moved fast since coming to power in 2019, including to develop a regulatory framework for geothermal energy and set up an advisory panel on mining minerals like lithium for batteries.
"What you're seeing in Alberta is a remarkable transformation of the energy sectors, and we have a strong future ahead in oil and gas," she said.
Savage argued continued global demand for oil and gas means stopping production in Alberta would only increase it elsewhere in the world under lower environmental standards.
"We would actually not be doing anything to reduce global emissions by phasing out oil and gas in Alberta," she said. "It's not the oil and gas that is a concern, it's the carbon emissions."
However, the oil sands industry is more carbon-intensive than other forms of oil extraction, including lighter and more accessible oils, and investors are putting more pressure on companies to publish decarbonization plans.
"Investors have chosen to leave more oil in the ground – that's already happening," said Jason Switzer, director of the Alberta Clean Technology Industry Alliance.
"I don't think we're going to see the kind of development that was originally forecast for the Canadian oil sands," he added.
Switzer has been mapping new clean technology projects such as for greener fuels like hydrogen, and said Alberta has "one of the densest clean tech ecosystems in the world".
According to a recent forecast by the Canada Energy Regulator, Alberta is expected to see the fastest growth in renewable energy capacity from 2018-2023 of all provinces.
Switzer said decarbonization efforts are being bolstered by Alberta's concentration of researchers, technical professionals and entrepreneurs who understand large industry and its needs.
"A lot of smart people have been working on these issues for a long time," he said.
Reporting by Jack Graham; Editing by Megan Rowling. Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers the lives of people around the world who struggle to live freely or fairly. Visit news.trust.org
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Coronavirus Vaccine - Where to get the COVID-19 vaccine in Nevada | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_103554005553768620 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
This probably isnt the only example of two medicines with similar names being mixed up.
What if medication scripts had a couple of little boxes the Dr checked off to help inform the pharmacist- 'Topical Use Only', 'Avoid Contact With Eyes', 'Don't Mix with Anti-Depressants', etc… but written in a more concise way. That way if a pharmacist though the doc meant one drug, but saw the checked box, the phram could call the doc or at least be forewarned not to give out the incorrect drug.
I wonder if there's a way to group prescription drugs in say 5- 10 major categories of most harm (Dont put these drugs in your eyes, Dont take these drugs at night,…), and then use those categories as sources for the med script box idea. | RedPajamaC4_6153187334366259272 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Cash-strapped entrepreneurs get creative
Got a great business idea but no money to finance it? It's the age old problem faced by would-be entrepreneurs. But a new generation of online funding platforms is taking the pain out of raising capital to get new ventures off the ground.
The platforms cater for everyone from starving artists to tech start-ups. They allow anyone with a business proposition to post an online pitch which goes straight into the offices and homes of potential investors and donors across the world.
When Los Angeles-based design students Jesse Genet, 22, and Stephan Angoulvant, 24, needed to raise $12,000 (£8,000) to launch Lumi Co, a printing and design company, they decided to bypass traditional avenues and cut out the middle men.
They registered with Kickstarter.com, a site aimed at anyone in the creative industries.
"Kickstarter seemed like a really good match for our product. It allows anyone with a creative dream to make it a reality," says Angoulvant.
Rewards system
The creators of every project must set a cash goal and a time limit, though there is no limit on how much people can raise. If they reach the goal within the time limit they get to keep the pledges. If they don't, all pledges are returned.
Kickstarter takes 5% commission on all projects which are successfully funded.
Continue reading the main story Perry Chen
It's not about philanthropy or charity. It's about patronage and commerce
Perry Chen Kickstarter co-founder
Crucially, the owners of all businesses and projects funded through the site keep 100% ownership of their ventures.
The incentive for backers is both altruistic and actual. "Everyone must offer a system of rewards," says Kickstarter co-founder Perry Chen. "It's not about philanthropy or charity. It's about patronage and commerce."
Genet and Angoulvant surpassed their fundraising goal, securing $13,598 from people who pledged anything from $1 to over $1,000. As an incentive they offered backers gifts from their range including wallets and bags.
The feedback the young entrepreneurs received from would-be investors enabled them to refine their products and gave them lots of ideas for their business going forward. It also provided them with a ready made group of potential customers.
The 650 projects which have so far succeeded in meeting their funding goals through Kickstarter include a woman who is circumnavigating the globe solo by boat, a band recording their first CD and a cartoonist travelling to Afghanistan to do political sketches.
Since Kickstarter was launched by five friends in April 2009, pledges have come in from 70,000 people around the world.
Feedthemuse.net is the brainchild of a group of Philadelphia-based music industry professionals. It is popular among musicians and other creatives who accept pledges from as little as $1. The majority of pledges to fund new CDs and tours have come from friends, families and fans.
Grow VC appealed to us because it is very international and it is for small companies
Eric Cheng Chief executive, Emagist
Taking a more traditional investor/entrepreneur approach is Grow VC. Founded in February by Jouko Ahvenainen and Valto Loikkanen, Grow VC bills itself as the first global crowdfunding tool for web and mobile start-ups. Through the site, start-ups can secure initial funding ranging from $10,000 to $1m.
The site has 2,500 registered users in 108 countries worldwide. Some 25% of Grow VC users are in the US, 11% in the UK and 7% in India.
"From the start we knew we wanted to make it very international so that investors and start-ups around the world could connect with each other," says Ahvenainen.
The total capital raised through the site so far is $12.8m.
Entrepreneurs using Grow VC include Eric Cheng, the chief executive of Hong Kong gaming company Emagist.
"Venture capitalists here are looking for big companies," says Cheng. "Grow VC appealed to us because it is very international and it is for small companies."
Petra Soderling Petra Soderling invests $20 a month through Grow VC
Within a few months, Emagist outgrew the site. But through Grow VC it made contact with venture capitalists in Europe, the US and mainland China.
Growth potential
Along with professional investors, a growing number of ordinary people with an interest in investing have been logging on to Grow VC.
Petra Soderling heard about Grow VC on Twitter and is making the minimum Grow VC investment of $20 a month. "For me it's about investing and hoping to see a profit but also about using a small amount of money to help small companies," she says.
Not everyone is successful.
Among those who failed are New York-based Englishman Toby Daniels. His business idea, Betacup, seeks to reduce the amount of landfill in the US resulting from disposable coffee cups. Although he did not reach his funding goal, Starbucks heard about what he was trying to do on Kickstarter and offered to donate the $20,000 needed to get his plans off the ground.
"This would never have happened if we hadn't made contact with a small but engaged group on the site who got our story out there," says Daniels.
Kickstarter co-founder Perry Chen believes these new funding tools have a lot of potential for growth. "You are reaching out to your audience in a very new way which is very involving and makes them feel a strong connection," he says. "We might not be ready for Avatar 2 but the scope is huge."
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Norwalk Fire Department Station Locations
Broad River Station #1
Station 1 is located on New Canaan Avenue at Silvermine Avenue. It was dedicated posthumously to Past Chief John Yost in 1998.
Station 1 houses Engine Company 1 and Truck Company 1 and serves the areas of town that boarder New Canaan and Wilton. The district is very diverse and is made up of mixed occupancies including residential, mercantile and manufacturing. Engine 1 is staffed with a Lieutenant and 3 fire fighters. Truck 1 is staffed with a Captain and 3 firefighters.
Address: 90 New Canaan Ave, Norwalk, CT 06851
(203) 854-0201 (Lieutenant)
(203) 854-0221 (Captain)
Station 2 is centrally located within the city and serves as fire headquarters for the City of Norwalk Fire Department. It is home to Engine 2, Truck 2, Rescue 2, and Car 2 (Shift Commander). It is consistently the busiest station in the city and encompasses a very diverse district with many different types of hazards including Interstate 95 and a large portion of Metro North Commuter Railroad.
Address: 121 Connecticut Ave, Norwalk, CT 06850
Engine Co. 3
East Norwalk Station
Engine Company 3 is located on Van Zant Street in the beloved "East Side" of the City. It is one of three single engine houses in Norwalk. It is often referred to as "The Pride of the East Side." Station 3 is a very traditional and historic fire house and was built in the 1800's and has all of the character and markings that it did when it served as "Mayflower Hook and Ladder."
Engine 3 protects a large portion of Norwalk's waterfront and a first-due district that is very densely populated with numerous multiple-family wood frame structures on very narrow streets. A large portion of Interstate 95 is served by this company as well as a train station and few miles of Metro North Commuter Railroad's New Haven Line.
Address: 56 Van Zant Street, Norwalk, Ct 06855
Station 4 is home to "The Post Road Express" and is located at 180 Westport Avenue.
Engine 4 covers a very large portion of the city which has many different types of occupancies. Some of these include single and multiple family residences, mercantile occupancies, "big box" stores, strip malls and manufacturing businesses. Engine 4 is one of three single-engine houses in the city and is consistently the busiest of those 3 companies with responses to many traffic accidents, EMS runs and working fires.
Address: 180 Westport Ave., Norwalk, CT 06851
Meadow Street
Station 5 is located in the historic South Norwalk area of the city. It is referred to by Norwalk Fire Fighters as "Meadow Street."
The response area is very densely populated and has a large amount of wood balloon-frame single and multiple family occupancies and several large apartment complexes. The streets are narrow, but rich in deep tradition and heritage. Some of the most ornate and vintage buildings in the city lie on these streets.
Address: 23 Meadow Street, Norwalk, CT 06851
The Norwalk Fire Department Division of Apparatus Maintenance is located on Fairfield Avenue, directly across from Central Fire Headquarters, divided by Interstate 95. It is supervised by Master Mechanic Scott Plank. Assistant Mechanic Alan DiPietro and Part-Time Mechanic Mike Hagar assist in maintaining a fleet of 8 pump apparatus, 4 ladder trucks, 3 rescue trucks, 1 Haz-Mat tractor-trailer apparatus and several different types of service vehicles such as Staff cars, shop trucks and specialized rescue/support vehicles.
NFD Apparatus Maintenance Division was featured in the July/August 2006 edition of Fire Apparatus Journal for their outstanding work in taking retired apparatus and turning them into front-line specialty apparatus, including a 1982 American LaFrance Pumper that was converted into a Trench/Technical Rescue rig. Other customized apparatus include a pumper that was converted into a tractor to pull a semi-trailer that serves as a Norwalk and Fairfield County Haz-Mat Response Truck.
To order a back-issue of the July/August 2006 Fire Apparatus Journal, click on the following link:
http://www.fire-police-ems.com/books/bf020607.shtml
Shown below: NFD Apparatus Maintenance Facility service bays.
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From "just-in-time" classes to customized courses and continuing education, our workforce staff collaborate with clients to coordinate, schedule, and oversee effective and results-oriented training and development.
If you don't see what you're looking for, ask us!
Contact our program manager at 847.635.1447 or workforcesolutions@oakton.edu to discuss your training needs. | RedPajamaC4_7625211585080059889 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
On a class of model Hilbert spaces
DCDS Home
On the Ornstein Uhlenbeck operator perturbed by singular potentials in $L^p$--spaces
November 2013, 33(11&12): 5059-5066. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.5059
Prey-predator models with infected prey and predators
J. Gani 1, and R. J. Swift 2,
Mathematical Sciences Institute, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768, United States
Received February 2012 Revised March 2012 Published May 2013
Some deterministic models for prey and predators are considered, when both may become infected, the infection of the prey being either of the SIS or SIR type. We also study a simplified model for surviving predators.
Keywords: non-homogeneous birth-death process., SIS and SIR epidemics, Deterministic and stochastic models, predator-prey models.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 92D25; Secondary: 34A3.
Citation: J. Gani, R. J. Swift. Prey-predator models with infected prey and predators. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2013, 33 (11&12) : 5059-5066. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.5059
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Hongxiao Hu, Liguang Xu, Kai Wang. A comparison of deterministic and stochastic predator-prey models with disease in the predator. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (6) : 2837-2863. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018289
Christian Kuehn, Thilo Gross. Nonlocal generalized models of predator-prey systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2013, 18 (3) : 693-720. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2013.18.693
Nhu N. Nguyen, George Yin. Stochastic partial differential equation models for spatially dependent predator-prey equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2020, 25 (1) : 117-139. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019175
Cheng-Hsiung Hsu, Jian-Jhong Lin. Existence and non-monotonicity of traveling wave solutions for general diffusive predator-prey models. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2019, 18 (3) : 1483-1508. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2019071
Benjamin Leard, Catherine Lewis, Jorge Rebaza. Dynamics of ratio-dependent Predator-Prey models with nonconstant harvesting. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2008, 1 (2) : 303-315. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2008.1.303
Wei Feng, Michael T. Cowen, Xin Lu. Coexistence and asymptotic stability in stage-structured predator-prey models. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2014, 11 (4) : 823-839. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.823
Wan-Tong Li, Yong-Hong Fan. Periodic solutions in a delayed predator-prey models with nonmonotonic functional response. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2007, 8 (1) : 175-185. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2007.8.175
Henri Berestycki, Alessandro Zilio. Predator-prey models with competition, Part Ⅲ: Classification of stationary solutions. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2019, 39 (12) : 7141-7162. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2019299
Aniello Buonocore, Luigia Caputo, Enrica Pirozzi, Amelia G. Nobile. A non-autonomous stochastic predator-prey model. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2014, 11 (2) : 167-188. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.167
Changrong Zhu, Lei Kong. Bifurcations analysis of Leslie-Gower predator-prey models with nonlinear predator-harvesting. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2017, 10 (5) : 1187-1206. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2017065
Seong Lee, Inkyung Ahn. Diffusive predator-prey models with stage structure on prey and beddington-deangelis functional responses. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2017, 16 (2) : 427-442. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017022
Guanqi Liu, Yuwen Wang. Stochastic spatiotemporal diffusive predator-prey systems. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2018, 17 (1) : 67-84. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2018005
Julián López-Gómez, Eduardo Muñoz-Hernández, Fabio Zanolin. On the applicability of the poincaré–Birkhoff twist theorem to a class of planar periodic predator-prey models. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2020, 40 (4) : 2393-2419. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020119
Hilla Behar, Alexandra Agranovich, Yoram Louzoun. Diffusion rate determines balance between extinction and proliferation in birth-death processes. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2013, 10 (3) : 523-550. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.523
Laurent Denis, Anis Matoussi, Jing Zhang. The obstacle problem for quasilinear stochastic PDEs with non-homogeneous operator. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2015, 35 (11) : 5185-5202. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2015.35.5185
Demetris Hadjiloucas. Stochastic matrix-valued cocycles and non-homogeneous Markov chains. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2007, 17 (4) : 731-738. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2007.17.731
P. Bai, H.T. Banks, S. Dediu, A.Y. Govan, M. Last, A.L. Lloyd, H.K. Nguyen, M.S. Olufsen, G. Rempala, B.D. Slenning. Stochastic and deterministic models for agricultural production networks. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2007, 4 (3) : 373-402. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2007.4.373
Miljana JovanoviĆ, Marija KrstiĆ. Extinction in stochastic predator-prey population model with Allee effect on prey. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2017, 22 (7) : 2651-2667. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017129
Yang Lu, Xia Wang, Shengqiang Liu. A non-autonomous predator-prey model with infected prey. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2018, 23 (9) : 3817-3836. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018082
Virginia Giorno, Serena Spina. On the return process with refractoriness for a non-homogeneous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck neuronal model. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2014, 11 (2) : 285-302. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.285
J. Gani R. J. Swift | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_-5391616844708178324 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Situated in a fully-renovated old canning factory in the heart of historical Lisbon, The Lisboans Apartments are a collection of 15 elegantly designed and tastefully decorated apartments.
The building was completely refurbished in 2016 after having been through a previous life as a canned and preserved goods factory. The owners did their best to work within the existing façade whilst keeping the buildings original architectural simplicity, and it is now living a new life as the home of 15 boutique serviced apartments, known as The Lisboans.
The Lisboans is a little piece of heaven, with all the amenities of a 5-star hotel, including an elegant but way cosier atmosphere. All units have an exclusive interior design, featuring both vintage and contemporary custom-made furniture, as well as handmade Portuguese tiles. Hand-picked antiques and hand-woven textiles by local artisans are also featured.
Each unit comes with a (private) comfortable lounge area and dining table, a kitchenette and a private bathroom. All apartments have the original finishes, high ceilings and unique floor-to-ceiling windows, some even feature views over the surrounding neighbourhood.
Lisbon is the stunning capital city of Portugal and is one of the most charismatic and vibrant cities in Europe. It is a city that effortlessly blends traditional heritage, with striking modernism and progressive thinking. As a holiday destination, Lisbon offers a rich and varied history, a buzzing nightlife and is blessed with a glorious year-round climate.
The Lisboans Apartment block is located on a quiet residential street that, whilst being very close to the busiest downtown streets, is just far enough removed to guarantee a village-like quietness. It's right across the Lisbon Cathedral, which is right in the heart of the city centre (or Baixa, as the locals call it) as well as within walking distance of most cultural landmarks, trendy dining spots and shopping attractions.
The apartments are around 20-minutes by taxi from the Lisbon Airport. If you prefer taking public transport, then we recommend taking the Metro Lisboa (subway). The nearest stop is Baixa-Chiado. From there, take Line A (blue) 4 stops north to Alameda where you'll need to change to Line D (red). It's a further 8 stops to the airport. Total time around 35-minutes.
The Lisbon Portela Airport is the main international gateway to Portugal and has regular connections to many European and North American cities. It is also the home of low-cost carrier TAP which means there are often fantastic deals if you are travelling from somewhere else in Europe. | RedPajamaC4_3667855627571650626 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
\section{Introduction}
The frustrated quantum spins at low temperatures are known to favor quantum-disordered phases
such as the spin-liquid, valence-bond-solid, nematic, or dimer and plaquette ordered non-magnetic states ~\cite{Caspers89, Bose01, Misguich11, Penc11, Iqbal2016}. The kagom\'e antiferromagnet is one such example of a highly frustrated spin system of great current interest. The spin-$1/2$ kagome antiferromagnetic materials, such as \ce{Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2} ~\cite{Olariu08,Mendels11} and \ce{BaCu3V2O8(OH)2}\cite{Okamoto2009}, show the absence of magnetic ordering down to very low temperatures, and are believed to realize some kind of a quantum spin-liquid state. But the true nature of the ground state of the spin-$1/2$ kagom\'e Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHA) is a topic of ongoing theoretical debate~\cite{Zeng1990, Marston1991, Chalker1992, Mila1998, Li2012, Iqbal2015, Hering2017}.
The spin-$1$ kagom\'e antiferromagnetic case, realized for instance in \ce{m-MPYNN.X}~\cite{Awaga1994, Wada1997, Awaga1999, Kambe2004, Kambe2004a, Matsushita2010}, \ce{NaV6O11}~\cite{Kato2001} and \ce{KV3Ge2O9}~\cite{Hara2012,Takagi2017}, has also been a subject of recent investigations. Of these materials, perhaps the most studied is the family of organic salts \ce{m-MPYNN.X} (m-N-methylpyridinium~$\alpha$-nitronyl nitroxide) with $\mathrm{X}=$\ce{I}, \ce{BF4}, \ce{ClO4}, etc. These organic materials consist of strongly ferromagnetic spin-1/2 pairs coupled antiferromagnetically, which at low temperatures behave as spin-1 moments forming an antiferromagnetic kagom\'e lattice. The susceptibility measurements down to $35$ mK on these organic spin-1 kagom\'e compounds show a clear spin-gapped behavior and no magnetic ordering.
Recent theoretical studies on spin-1 KHA clearly find a spin-gapped non-magnetic ground state, but with somewhat differing details~\cite{Hida2000, Gotze2011, Li2014.RAL, Liu2015, Picot2015, Changlani2015, Ghosh2016}. The two serious candidates for this ground state are the hexagonal singlet solid (HSS) state and the trimerized singlet (TS) state. Of these two, the TS state is favoured by most studies (based on tensor network algorithms, DMRG, triplon analysis etc.) as the ground state of the spin-1 KHA~\cite{Liu2015, Picot2015, Changlani2015, Ghosh2016}. Notably, the TS ground state spontaneously breaks the lattice symmetry by having more singlet weight on either all up triangles or all down triangles of the kaogm\'e lattice. It is therefore twofold degenerate. The spin-1 KHA, thus, presents us with an interesting case of spontaneous trimerization in a frustrated quantum antiferromagnet, beyond the spontaneous dimerization that we are so familiar with.
The HSS state proposed by Hida \cite{Hida2000} breaks no lattice or spin symmetry. Its construction was inspired by the structure of \ce{m-MPYNN.BF4}, which is basically a spin-1/2 Heisenberg problem on a honeycomb lattice made of antiferromagnetic hexagons coupled ferromagnetically, as shown in Fig.~\ref{hidalattice}. Here, the intra-hexagon antiferromagnetic (AFM) interaction ($J_A>0$) is shown as red bonds, while the inter-hexagon ferromagnetic (FM) interaction ($J_F < 0$) is shown as blue bonds. This is how it was modeled by Hida~\cite{Hida2000}. Hence, we call it Hida model, which applies to the \ce{m-MPYNN.X} family. The HSS state can be constructed by first forming the direct product of the lowest energy singlet on every AFM (red) hexagon (as if they were independent of each other), and then symmetrizing the pair of spins on every FM (blue) bond. This is akin to the valence-bond solid state constructed by Affleck, Kennedy, Lieb and Tasaki for spin-1 chain~\cite{AKLT}. While the first step here tries to satisfy the AFM interaction locally on every hexagon, the second step forms a spin-1 out of two spin-1/2's on FM bonds. But as stated above, the HSS state turns out not to be the best choice for the ground state of spin-1 KHA, which is the large $|J_F|/J_A$ limit of the Hida model.
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{fig1-Lattice.pdf}
\caption{\label{hidalattice}The Hida model with ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange, $J_{F}$, shown as blue links, and the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction, $J_{A}$, shown in red color. The ${\bf a}_{1}=2\hat{x}$ and ${\bf a}_{2}=-\hat{x}+\sqrt{3}\hat{y}$ are two primitive vectors of the lattice. Moreover, we define ${\bf a}_{3}={\bf a}_{1}+{\bf a}_{2}$}
\end{figure}
Without the symmetrization, however, the direct product of the hexagonal singlets is the exact ground state of the Hida model for $J_F=0$. Let us call this as the hexagonal singlet (HS) state, to distinguish it from the (symmetrized) HSS state. The question which interests us is that how the HS state (with uniform singlet amplitude) evolves to become the symmetry-breaking TS ground state with increasing $|J_F|/J_A$. Or, restating it differently, how the HS state surprisingly does not become the HSS state in the large $J_F$ limit? In this paper, we address this question by doing triplon analysis and Schwinger boson mean-field theory of the Hida model. The key findings from our Schwinger boson mean-field calculations are as follows: The uniform HS state first undergoes a spontaneous dimerization transition at $|J_{F}|/J_{A} = 0.28$, while the moments still behave as spin-1/2. That is, a small inter-hexagonal FM coupling induces dimerization of the singlet amplitude on the bonds of the AFM hexagons, as shown in Fig.~\ref{figHSS-DHSS-TS}(b). We call it the dimerized-HS (D-HS) state, which survives for all larger values of $|J_F|/J_A$. Then, around $|J_{F}|/J_{A} = 1.46$, a second transition occurs, under which the spin-1/2 moments on FM bonds begin to behave as bound pairs whose total moment per FM bond rapidly grows to spin-1. Thus, the D-HS state with fully formed spin-1 moments for $|J_{F}|/J_{A}\gg 1.46$ in Hida model is the TS state of spin-1 KHA. It is in qualitative agreement with the triplon analysis which also finds a transition from the uniform to dimerized HS state that smoothly approaches the TS state for large $|J_{F}|/J_{A}$. Furthermore, we discuss how to experimentally differentiate the HS from the D-HS state, and suggest that the low temperature phase of \ce{m-MPYNN.BF4} salt would be the D-HS (and not the HSS as originally suggested by Hida).
This paper is organized as follows. In Sec.~\ref{sec:model}, we describe the Hida model of quantum spin-1/2's. We study the evolution of its ground state with increasing $|J_F|/J_A$ using triplon mean-field theory (TMFT) in Sec.~\ref{sec:triplon_method} and Schwinger boson mean-field theory (SBMFT) in Sec.~\ref{sec:SB_method}. Both of these calculations produce mutually agreeable physics. We then conclude in Sec.~\ref{sec:summary}.
\section{Hida Model}\label{sec:model}
The object of our study in this paper, the Hida model, is a quantum spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on a honeycomb looking lattice that has the symmetries of a kagom\'e lattice due to a particular choice of the exchange interactions (motivated by the organic salt, \ce{m-MPYNN.BF4}). As shown in Fig.~\ref{hidalattice}, it can be best described as a model of antiferromagnetic hexagons, coupled ferromagnetically. Here, the hexagons with nearest-neighbor AFM interaction, $J_A>0$, are shown in red color, and the thick blue bonds depict the inter-hexagonal FM interaction, $J_F<0$. The dotted green lines, joining the centers of the FM bonds, are drawn to indicate the underlying kagom\'e lattice. The unit-cell of the Hida model has six spins, as labeled in the figure. The Hamiltonian of the Hida model is given below.
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Hamil}
\hat{H} = J_{F} \sum_{{\langle i,j \rangle}}^{\fer} \vec{S}_{i} \cdot \vec{S}_{j}
+J_{A} \sum_{{\langle i,j \rangle}}^{\afer} \vec{S}_{i} \cdot \vec{S}_{j}
\end{equation}
Every $\vec{S}_{i}$ here is a spin-$1/2$ operator. Some experimental values of $J_F$ and $J_A$, estimated from the susceptibility measurements on the \ce{m-MPYNN.X} family of compounds~\cite{Awaga1994, Wada1997}, are presented in Table~\ref{tab:mpynn}.
\begin{table}[b]
\centering
\caption{The exchange interactions for $\mathrm{m-MPYNN^{+}\cdot X^{+}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} \mathrm{(acetone)}$ from Refs.~\onlinecite{Awaga1994, Wada1997}.}
\label{tab:mpynn}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
$\mathrm{X}$ & $\mathrm{I}$ & $\mathrm{BF_{4}}$ & $\mathrm{(BF_{4})_{0.72}I_{0.28}}$ & $\mathrm{ClO_{4}}$ \\
\hline
$J_A$ & $1.6$ K & $3.11$ K &$1.20$ K & $0.19$ K \\
\hline
$J_F$ & $-10.2$ K & $-23.26$ K &$-11.3$ K & $-10.5$ K \\
\hline
$J_{F}/J_{A}$ & $-6.375$ & $-7.479$ &$-9.416$ & $-55.263$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
In the limit $|J_{F}|/J_A \rightarrow \infty$, the Hida model exactly becomes the spin-$1$ KHA model, $\mathcal{H}_{KHA}=\widetilde{J}_{A}\sum_{\langle i,j \rangle}{\bf S}_{i}\cdot{\bf S}_{j} $, with the nearest-neighbor interaction, $\widetilde{J}_{A}=J_{A}/4$~\cite{Hida2000}.
The Hida model for $J_F=0$ is a model of independent hexagons with a trivial ground state in which every AFM hexagon is in its lowest energy singlet state. How this uniform HS (hexagonal singlet) ground state changes with $J_F$, and eventually becomes the TS ground state for large enough $J_F$, is the question that we address in the next two sections. By doing triplon mean-field theory (TMFT), we first compare the energies of the candidate states to see their relative tendencies as a function of $|J_F|/J_A$. Next, we do a Schwinger boson mean-field theory (SBMFT) of the Hida model, which gives us a clear understanding of the transition from the HS to the TS phase in the ground state.
\section{Triplon Mean-Field Theory}\label{sec:triplon_method}
The triplon mean-field theory is a low-energy bosonic theory of the triplet fluctuations for a given non-magnetic quantum state. In our previous work, we did such a theory of the TS state for spin-1 KHA~\cite{Ghosh2016}. This approach provides a simple means to study the renormalization and the stability of a reference state against its low-energy quantum fluctuations. For Hida model, we identify three singlet states plausible to be the ground state for different ranges of $|J_F|/J_A$. These are shown in Fig.~\ref{figHSS-DHSS-TS}.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{fig2-HS-DHS-TS.pdf}
\caption{\label{figHSS-DHSS-TS}
Three possible ground states of the Hida model. (a) The hexagonal singlet (HS) state with uniform singlet amplitude per bond on every antiferromagnetic (red) hexagon. (b) The D-HS state with dimerized AFM bonds (shown as thick and thin red bonds). (c) Trimerized Singlet (TS) state.
}
\end{figure}
The state depicted in Fig.~\ref{figHSS-DHSS-TS}(a) is the HS state, in which all the AFM (red) hexagons form the singlet (with uniform amplitude per bond). It preserves all the symmetries of the underlying lattice, and is expected to be the ground state for small $|J_F|/J_A$. For $J_F=0$, it is anyway the exact ground state. The state shown in Fig.~\ref{figHSS-DHSS-TS}(c) is the TS state (analogous to the spin-1 KHA), in which all up-oriented, $\afup$, (or all down-oriented, $\afdn$) hexagons with alternate red and blue bonds form the singlet. This state breaks the lattice symmetry exactly in the same way as the trimerized singlet state of the spin-1 KHA, and is expected to be the ground state when $|J_F|\gg J_A$. Upon a careful observation, we realize that this TS state can also be viewed as the HS state with dimerized singlet amplitudes (with alternate strong and weak red bonds in every antiferromagnetic hexagon). It presents us with an interesting third state shown in Fig.~\ref{figHSS-DHSS-TS}(b), which we call as the dimerized-HS or D-HS state. In this state, we do not bother about forming the lowest-energy singlet on a hexagon as a whole. Instead, we only form the dimer singlets on the alternate AFM bonds, as in Fig.~\ref{figHSS-DHSS-TS}(b). Using TMFT, we compute the energies of these three states as a function of $|J_F|/J_A$, and see how they compete to be the ground state.
For doing TMFT, we first derive the representation of the spin-1/2 operators in terms of the lowest energy singlet and triplet eigenstates of the individual elementary blocks on which the candidate state forms the singlet. For the HS state, the elementary blocks are the AFM hexagons, $\afer$; for the TS state, these blocks are, say, the up-oriented hexagons with alternate AFM-FM bonds, $\ahex$; and for the D-HS state, only the three AFM bonds on up-oriented AFM-FM hexagons, $\afup$, are individually treated as the elementary blocks. We find the eigenstates and eigenvalues of the corresponding block Heisenberg Hamiltonians separately for the three cases. Of these, we keep only the lowest lying singlet and the triplets immediately above it, and ignore the rest of the higher energy states, as we are interested in the minimal low-energy description of the system with respect to the three candidate states. Then, in this reduced basis, $\{|b_{k}\rangle\}$, we write the basic spin-1/2 operators on the hexagons as \( S_{j,\alpha}=\sum_{k,l}\mathcal{M}_{j,\alpha}^{k,l}|b_{l}\rangle\langle b_{k}| \), where $\mathcal{M}_{j,\alpha}^{k,l}=\langle b_{k}|S_{j,\alpha}|b_{l}\rangle$, $j=1$ to 6 is the spin label (as in Fig.~\ref{hidalattice}), $\alpha=x,y,z$ are the three components of the spin operators.
For further simplification, we approximate the singlet state on every elementary block by a mean singlet amplitude, $\bar{s}$. We treat the triplet states by associating to them the bosonic triplon operators, and keep in the representation of the spin-1/2 operators only those triplon terms that couple to $\bar{s}$. This latter approximation amounts to neglecting the triplon-triplon interaction in the full Hamiltonian. We then rewrite the full Hamiltonian, $\hat{H}$ of Eq.~\eqref{eq:Hamil}, in this triplon representation of the spin-1/2 operators. The constraint on the total number of bosons is satisfied via a mean Lagrange multiplier, $\lambda$. These steps lead to a Hamiltonian which is bilinear in the triplon operators, and describes the effective low-energy triplon dynamics of the Hida model. Below we formulate the TMFT separately for the HS, D-HS and TS states.
\subsection{Hexagonal Singlet (HS) State}
Using the convention given in Fig.~\ref{hidalattice}, we write the spin-$1/2$ block Hamiltonian of a single AFM hexagon as
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{H}_{\afer} & = &
J_{A} \left\{\vec{S}_{3}({\bf{r}})\cdot \left[\vec{S}_{2}({\bf{r}})+\vec{S}_{6}({\bf{r}}+{\bf a}_{1})\right]\right.\nonumber\\
&& +\left.\vec{S}_{1}({\bf{r}}+{\bf a}_{1}) \cdot \left[\vec{S}_{6}({\bf{r}}+{\bf a}_{1})+\vec{S}_{4}({\bf{r}}+{\bf a}_{3})\right]\right.\nonumber\\
&& +\left.\vec{S}_{5}({\bf{r}}+{\bf a}_{3}) \cdot \left[\vec{S}_{4}({\bf{r}}+{\bf a}_{3})+ \vec{S}_{2}({\bf{r}})\right]\right\}.
\end{eqnarray}
We use the sixfold rotational symmetry associated with an isolated AFM hexagon to write its eigenstates. The sixfold rotation operator, $R$, rotates the hexagon by $60^{\circ}$, and its eigenvalues are: $\lambda_{R}=\pm 1$, $\pm \omega$, $\pm \omega^{2}$. Its lowest energy eigenstate is a unique spin-singlet with energy $ E_{s}=-\frac{J_A}{2}\left(2+\sqrt{13}\right)$ and $\lambda_R=1$. The next higher energy eigenstate is a triplet of $m=-1,0,1$ (total $S_{z}$) with energy $E_{t}=-\frac{J_A}{2}\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)$ and $\lambda_{R}=-1$. To keep it minimal, we neglect the higher energy eigenstates of ${\afer}$, which reduces the local Hilbert space to one singlet $|s\rangle$ and a triplet, $\{|t_{m}\rangle\}$.
Similar to the bond-operator formalism \cite{Sachdev1990, Kumar2010, Kumar2008}, we write the spin-$1/2$ operators on an AFM hexagon in the reduced basis in terms of the hexagonal singlet and triplet operators, respectively $\hat{s}^{\dagger}$ and $\hat{t}^{\dagger}_{m}$, acting in a bosonic Fock space. The projection of the infinite dimensional Fock space onto the $4$-dimensional reduced Hilbert space spanned by $|s\rangle$ and $|t_{m}\rangle$ is done by the constraint, $ \hat{s}^{\dagger}\hat{s}+\sum_{m}\hat{t}^{\dagger}_{m}\hat{t}_{m}=1$, on the number of these bosons. In the reduced space, the local hexagonal block Hamiltonian can now be written as:
\begin{equation} \label{eq:unihex}
\mathcal{H}_{\afer}\approx E_{s}\hat{s}^{\dagger}\hat{s}+E_{t}\sum_{m}\hat{t}_{m}^{\dagger}\hat{t}_{m}.
\end{equation}
The spin-1/2 operators on an AFM hexagon can approximately be represented as:
\begin{equation} \label{eq:spinHSS}
S_{i, \alpha} \approx\mathcal{C}_{i}\bar{s}\hat{Q}_{\alpha}
\end{equation}
where for $i^\prime=1,2$ and $3$,
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{C}_{2 i^\prime-1}&=&-\sqrt{2}\langle t_{0}|S_{1}^{z}|s\rangle=2\langle t_{1}|S_{1}^{+}|s\rangle=2\langle t_{{\bar{1}}}|S_{1}^{-}|s\rangle\nonumber\\
&=&\frac{7\sqrt{5}+7\sqrt{13}+2\sqrt{65}+26}{6\sqrt{6\left(65+18\sqrt{13}\right)}} =-\mathcal{C}_{2 i^\prime}=-\mathcal{C}
\end{eqnarray}
Moreover, the ``coordinate" operator
\begin{equation}
\hat{Q}_{\alpha}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}^{\dagger}_{\alpha}+\hat{t}_{\alpha}\right)
\end{equation}
for
$\hat{t}^\dag_{x} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}^\dag_{{\bar{1}}}-\hat{t}^\dag_{1}\right)$,
$ \hat{t}^\dag_{y} = -\frac{i}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}^\dag_{{\bar{1}}}+\hat{t}^\dag_{1}\right) $ and
$ \hat{t}^\dag_{z} = -\hat{t}^\dag_{0} $.
The ``momentum'' operator conjugate to $\hat{Q}_{\alpha}$ is defined as $\hat{P}_{\alpha}=\frac{i}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}^{\dagger}_{\alpha}-\hat{t}_{\alpha}\right)$. Here, we have treated the singlet operator, $\hat{s}$, as mean-field, $\bar{s}$. Through $\bar{s}$, which measures the mean singlet amplitude per AFM hexagon, we describe in mean-field approximation the HS phase of the Hida model. For a general discussion on triplon mean-field theory, please take a look at the Refs.~\cite{Sachdev1990, Kumar2010, Kumar2008, Ghosh2016}.
By using Eqs.~\eqref{eq:unihex} and~\eqref{eq:spinHSS}, we turn the Hida model of Eq.~\eqref{eq:Hamil} into an effective theory of triplons with respect to the HS state. The effective triplon Hamiltonian has the following form in momentum space.
\begin{eqnarray} \label{eq:hamilHSS}
\hat{H}_{t}^{HS}=e_{0}N_{uc}&+&\frac{1}{2}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\left[\lambda\hat{P}_{\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\hat{P}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)\right.\nonumber\\
&+&\left.\left(\lambda- 2J_{F}\mathcal{C}^{2}\bar{s}^{2}\rchi_{{\bf k}}\right)\hat{Q}_{\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\hat{Q}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)\right]
\end{eqnarray}
Here, $N_{uc}$ is the total number of hexagonal unit-cells in the lattice, $e_{0}=\left(E_{s}-E_{t}\right)\bar{s}^{2}+\lambda\bar{s}^{2}-\frac{5}{2}\lambda+E_{t}$, and $\lambda$ is the Lagrange multiplier that is introduced to satisfy the local constraint, $\hat{s}^{\dagger}\hat{s}+\sum_{\alpha}\hat{t}_{\alpha}^{\dagger}\hat{t}_{\alpha}=1$, on average. The operator $\hat{Q}_{\alpha}({\bf k})$ is the Fourier transform of $\hat{Q}_{\alpha}({\bf{r}})$, where ${\bf{r}}$ denotes the position vector of the hexagonal unit cell of the lattice,
and ${\bf k}$ is the lattice-momentum vector in the first Brillouin zone of the corresponding reciprocal lattice. Likewise, $\hat{P}_{\alpha}({\bf{r}}) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{uc}}}\sum_{\bf k} e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf{r}}}\hat{P}_{\alpha}({\bf k})$. Since $\hat{Q}_{\alpha}({\bf{r}})$ and $\hat{P}_{\alpha}({\bf{r}})$ are Hermitian, therefore, $\hat{Q}^{\dagger}_{\alpha}({\bf k}) = \hat{Q}_{\alpha}(-{\bf k})$ and $\hat{P}^{\dagger}_{\alpha}({\bf k}) = \hat{P}_{\alpha}(-{\bf k})$. Moreover, $[\hat{Q}_{\alpha}({\bf k}),\hat{P}_{\alpha^\prime}({\bf k}^\prime)] = i\delta_{\alpha\alpha^\prime}\delta_{{\bf k}+{\bf k}^\prime=0}$, while the $\hat{Q}_{\alpha}({\bf k})$'s commute amongst themselves and the same for $\hat{P}_{\alpha}({\bf k})$'s. In Eq.~\eqref{eq:hamilHSS},
\begin{equation}
\rchi_{{\bf k}}=\cos{{\bf k}\cdot\bf{a}_{1}}+\cos{{\bf k}\cdot\bf{a}_{2}}+\cos{{\bf k}\cdot\bf{a}_{3}},
\end{equation}
where $\bf{a}_{1}$, $\bf{a}_{2}$ and $\bf{a}_{3}$ are as defined in Fig.~\ref{hidalattice}.
The Hamiltonian in Eq.~\ref{eq:hamilHSS} is essentially a problem of three coupled harmonic oscillators. In the diagonal form, the $\hat{H}_{t}^{HS}$ can be written as follows.
\begin{equation}
\hat{H}_{t}^{HS}=e_{0}N_{uc}+\sum_{k}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\omega_{\alpha,{\bf k}}\left[\hat{\gamma}^{\dagger}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)\hat{\gamma}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\right]
\end{equation}
Here, $\hat{\gamma}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)=\sqrt{\frac{\omega_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}{2\lambda}}\hat{Q}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)+i\sqrt{\frac{\lambda}{2\omega_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}}\hat{P}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)$ are the renormalized triplon operators, and
\begin{equation}
\omega_{\alpha,{\bf k}}=\sqrt{\lambda\left(\lambda-\bar{s}^{2}\xi_{\alpha,{\bf k}}\right)}
\end{equation}
are the triplon energy dispersions with $\xi_{\alpha,{\bf k}}=2J_{F}\mathcal{C}^{2}\rchi_{{\bf k}}$.
The ground state energy per unit-cell is
\begin{equation}
e^{HS}_{g}=e_{0}+\frac{1}{2N_{uc}}\sum_{k}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\omega_{\alpha,{\bf k}}.
\end{equation}
It is a function of two unknown mean-field parameters, $\lambda$ and $\bar{s}^2$. We determine them by minimizing $e_g$. The $\partial_\lambda e_g =0$ and $\partial_{\bar{s}^2} e_g =0$ give us the following mean-field equations, whose self-consistent solution gives the physical values of $\lambda$ and $\bar{s}^{2}$.
\begin{subequations} \label{sc-HSS}
\begin{align}
\bar{s}^2 &= \frac{5}{2}-\frac{1}{4N_{uc}}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\frac{2\lambda-\bar{s}^{2}\xi_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}{\omega_{\alpha,{\bf k}}} \label{eq:sbar} \\
\lambda &=\left(E_{t}-E_{s}\right)+\frac{\lambda}{4N_{uc}}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\frac{\lambda\xi_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}{\omega_{\alpha,{\bf k}}} \label{eq:lam}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
This formalism would present us with two physical solutions, viz., the gapped or the gapless triplons. When the minimum of the lowest of these dispersions in the Brillouin zone is strictly greater than zero, it means there is an energy gap that protects the HS ground state against triplon excitations. We surely expect this to happen when $J_F$ is near about zero.
\subsection{Dimerized Hexagonal Singlet (D-HS) State}
To describe the D-HS state of the Hida model, we start with the Heisenberg model for only the AFM bonds of an up-oriented hexagon with alternate AFM-FM bonds.
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:hamilhexDHSS}
\mathcal{H}_{\afup} &=& J_{A}\sum_{i=1,2,3}\vec{S}_{2i}\cdot\vec{S}_{2i+1}\\
&& \hspace{2cm} (\mbox{with} ~\vec{S}_{7}=\vec{S}_{1}) \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Using the well-known bond-operator representation~\cite{Sachdev1990, Kumar2010, Kumar2008}, we write the spin-1/2 operators on these three AFM bonds in terms of the singlet and triplet bosonic operators.
\begin{eqnarray}
S_{2i}^{\alpha}&\approx & \frac{\bar{s}}{2}\left(\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}+\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}^{\dagger}\right)\nonumber\\
S_{2i+1}^{\alpha}& \approx & -\frac{\bar{s}}{2}\left(\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}+\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}^{\dagger}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
Here, the $\bar{s}$ is the mean singlet amplitude on these AFM bonds. The block Hamiltonian of Eq.~\eqref{eq:hamilhexDHSS} now reads as:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:hamilhexDHSS1}
\mathcal{H}_{\afdhss}=-\frac{9}{4}J_{A}\sum_{i=\rom{1}}^{\rom{3}}\hat{s}_{i}^{\dagger}\hat{s}_{i}+\frac{3}{4}J_{A}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\sum_{i=\rom{1}}^{\rom{3}}\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}^{\dagger}\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}
\end{equation}
The roman numerals indicate the three AFM bonds [see Fig.~\ref{figHSS-DHSS-TS}(b)]. The three constraints to be satisfied on these AFM bond are:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:consDHSS}
\hat{s}_{i}^{\dagger}\hat{s}_{i}+\sum_{\alpha}\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}^{\dagger}\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}=1\ \ \forall i=\rom{1},\rom{2},\rom{3}.
\end{equation}
With the ``coordinate" operators defined as
\begin{equation}
\hat{Q}_{i,\alpha}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}^{\dagger}+\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}\right),
\end{equation}
the conjugate ``momentum'' operators as
\begin{equation}
\hat{P}_{i,\alpha}=\frac{i}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}^{\dagger}-\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}\right),
\end{equation}
and their commutation properties as: $\left[\hat{Q}_{j,\beta},\hat{P}_{i,\alpha}\right]=i\delta_{ji}\delta_{\beta\alpha}$ and $\hat{P}_{i,\alpha}^{2}+\hat{Q}_{i,\alpha}^{2}=2\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}^{\dagger}\hat{t}_{i,\alpha}+1$,
the bond-operator representation of the spins on an up-oriented AFM-FM hexagon can be written as follows.
\begin{subequations}\label{eq:spinDHSS}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:spinDHSS}
S_{2,\alpha}& = &\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\bar{s}\hat{Q}_{\rom{2},\alpha} = -S_{3,\alpha} \\
S_{4,\alpha}& = &\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\bar{s}\hat{Q}_{\rom{3},\alpha} = -S_{5,\alpha} \\
S_{6,\alpha}&=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\bar{s}\hat{Q}_{\rom{1},\alpha} = -S_{1,\alpha}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
In this representation, the Hida model with reference to the D-HS state reads as:
\begin{eqnarray} \label{hmfdhss}
\hat{H}_{t}^{D\mbox{-}HS} & = & \frac{1}{2}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha}\left[ \lambda \bf{\hat{P}}_{\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right) \bf{\hat{P}}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right) + \bf{\hat{Q}}_{\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\mathcal{V}_{{\bf k}}^{Q}\bf{\hat{Q}}_{\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)\right] \nonumber \\
& & + \, e_{0}\,N_{uc},
\end{eqnarray}
where $e_{0}=-3J_{A}\bar{s}^{2}+\frac{3}{4}J_{A}+3\lambda\bar{s}^{2}-\frac{15}{2}\lambda$, ${\bf{\hat{Q}}}_{\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)=\left[\hat{Q}_{\rom{1},\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\ \hat{Q}_{\rom{2},\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\ \hat{Q}_{\rom{3},\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\right]$ and ${\bf{\hat{P}}}_{\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)=\left[\hat{P}_{\rom{1},\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\ \hat{P}_{\rom{2},\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\ \hat{P}_{\rom{3},\alpha}^{\dagger}\left({\bf k}\right)\right]$. The Lagrange multiplier, $\lambda$, is introduced to satisfy the constraints in Eq. \ref{eq:consDHSS} on average. The Fourier transform of the operators is given as follows.
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{Q}_{i,\alpha}\left({{\bf{r}}}\right)&=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{uc}}}\sum_{{\bf k}}e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf{r}}}\hat{Q}_{i,\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)\\
\hat{P}_{i,\alpha}\left({{\bf{r}}}\right)&=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{uc}}}\sum_{{\bf k}}e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf{r}}}\hat{P}_{i,\alpha}\left({\bf k}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
In Eq.~\ref{hmfdhss},
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{V}_{{\bf k}}^{Q}=& \lambda & \mathbb{I}_{3\times3}-\bar{s}^{2}J_{F}\left[ \begin{array}{ccc}
0 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 0 & 1\\
1& 1 & 0 \end{array}\right]\nonumber\\
&-&\bar{s}^{2}J_{A}\left[ \begin{array}{ccc}
0 & e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{2}} & e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}} \\
e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{2}} & 0 & e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{1}}\\
e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}}& e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{1}} & 0 \end{array}\right]
\end{eqnarray}
is a Hermitian matrix. Here, $\mathbb{I}_{3\times 3}$ denotes the three-dimensional identity matrix.
The $\hat{H}_t^{D\mbox{-}HS}$ is a problem of three coupled oscillators for each $\alpha$ separately. Its ground state energy per unit cell is found to be
\begin{equation}
e^{D\mbox{-}HS}_{g}=e_{0}+\frac{1}{2N_{uc}}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha}\sum_{i=\rom{1}}^{\rom{3}}E_{i}\left({\bf k}\right), \end{equation}
with $E_{i}\left({\bf k}\right)=\sqrt{\lambda\left(\lambda-2\bar{s}^{2}\xi_{i}\left({\bf k}\right)\right)}$. Here,
\begin{align}
\xi_{i}({\bf k}) =& ~ \left\{ \sqrt[3]{\rchi_{{\bf k}}+\sqrt{\rchi_{{\bf k}}^{2}+(\zeta_{{\bf k}}/3)^{3}}} \right. \nonumber \\
& ~~~ + \left. \sqrt[3]{\rchi_{{\bf k}}-\sqrt{\rchi_{{\bf k}}^{2}+(\zeta_{{\bf k}}/3)^{3}}} ~ \right\}_i \label{eq:cubsol}
\end{align}
with
\begin{align*}
\rchi_{{\bf k}} & =\Re\left[\left(J_{A}+J_{F}e^{i{\bf k}.{\bf a}_{1}}\right)\left(J_{A}+J_{F}e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{2}}\right)\right.\\
& \hspace{100pt} \left.\left(J_{A}+J_{F}e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}}\right)\right]
\end{align*}
and
\begin{align*}
\zeta_{{\bf k}} = & ~ 2J_{F}J_{A}\left(\cos{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{1}+\cos{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{2}+\cos{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}\right) \\
& + 3\left(J_{F}^{2}+J_{A}^{2}\right).
\end{align*}
Here, $ \xi_{i}({\bf k})$'s are the three roots of the cubic equation: $x^{3} - \zeta_{{\bf k}}x - 2\rchi_{{\bf k}} =0$. See footnote~\footnote{Cardano's formula: The roots of the cubic equation $x^{3}+px+q=0$ (for $p,q\in\mathbb{C}$) are given by $x=\alpha+\beta$ with, $\alpha=\sqrt[3]{-\frac{q}{2}+\sqrt{\frac{q^{2}}{4}+(\frac{p}{3})^{3}}}$ and $\beta=\sqrt[3]{-\frac{q}{2}-\sqrt{\frac{q^{2}}{4}+(\frac{p}{3})^{3}}}$. The only three valid combinations of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are those for which $\alpha\beta=-p/3$ holds true.} on its solution of the allowed $\xi_i({\bf k})$'s as given in Eq.~\eqref{eq:cubsol}.
By minimizing $e^{\mbox{\footnotesize $D$-$HS$}}_g$, we get the following two equations which can be solved self-consistently for $\lambda$ and $\bar{s}^{2}$.
\begin{subequations} \label{sc-DHSS}
\begin{align}
& \bar{s}^{2} =\frac{5}{2}-\frac{1}{6N_{uc}}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha}\sum_{i=\rom{1}}^{\rom{3}}\frac{\lambda-\bar{s}^{2}\xi_{i}\left({\bf k}\right)}{E_{i}\left({\bf k}\right)}\\
& \lambda =J_{A}+\frac{\lambda}{6N_{uc}}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha}\sum_{i=\rom{1}}^{\rom{3}}\frac{\xi_{i}\left({\bf k}\right)}{E_{i}\left({\bf k}\right)}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
\subsection{Trimerized Singlet (TS) State}
In the TS state, we choose as reference the up-oriented hexagons (with alternate AFM-FM bonds) where the singlets are formed. The block Hamiltonian for each such up hexagon can be written (with $\vec{S}_{7}=\vec{S}_{1}$) as:
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{H}_{\ahex}=J_{F}\sum_{i=1,2,3}^{\fer}\vec{S}_{2i-1}\cdot\vec{S}_{2i}+J_{A}\sum_{i=1,2,3}^{\afup}\vec{S}_{2i}\cdot\vec{S}_{2i+1}.
\end{equation}
Unlike the AFM hexagon, this only has threefold rotational symmetry (as for a triangular unit cell in kagom\'e lattice). Using this threefold rotation symmetry, we write the eigenstates of the up AFM-FM hexagon in the basis of the rotation operator, which is defined in a way that it rotates the hexagon by an angle of $120^{\circ}$. The corresponding rotational eigenvalues are $1$, $\omega$, $\omega^{2}$, where $\omega^3=1$. The chirality quantum number $\nu=0,1,-1$ correspond to the rotational eigenvalues $1$, $\omega$, $\omega^{2}$ respectively.
The lowest energy state is a singlet with $\nu=0$. The next higher energy level is sixfold degenerate, and it consists of two triplets, represented as $|\hat{t}_{m,\nu}\rangle$, given by $m=1,0,{\bar{1}}$ and $\nu=1,{\bar{1}}$. We neglect all the other higher energy states in a low energy theory. However, there are 3 more triplets (with $\nu=0$) which at $J_{F}\rightarrow\infty$ becomes degenerate with the 6 chiral triplets discusses here. But for any finite value of $J_F$ the gap between the two remains finite, hence not included in the present calculation. For these lowest energy singlet and triplet block eigenstates, we employ the same strategy as in the previous two subsections, and define a singlet creation operator $\hat{s}^{\dagger}$ and six triplet operators $t_{m,\nu}^{\dagger}$ in the Fock space
with a constraint,
$ \hat{s}^{\dagger}\hat{s}+\sum_{m,\nu}t_{m,\nu}^{\dagger}t_{m,\nu}=1. $
In terms of these singlet and triplet operators, the block Hamiltonian of up hexagon reads as:
\begin{equation} \label{eq:uphexTS}
\mathcal{H}_{\ahex}\approx E_{s}\hat{s}^{\dagger}\hat{s}+E_{t}\sum_{m}\sum_{\nu=\pm 1}\hat{t}_{m,\nu}^{\dagger}\hat{t}_{m,\nu},
\end{equation}
where $E_{s}$ and $ E_{t}$ are respectively the lowest singlet and triplet eigen-energies of the block Hamiltonian.
With the block operators defined, we can now write the spin-$1/2$ operators on up hexagons as follows.
\begin{subequations} \label{eq:spinTS}
\begin{align}
S_{j}^{\alpha}&=-\sqrt{2}\bar{s}\left(\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{j}^{\alpha}\right]\hat{Q}_{\alpha 1}+\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{j}^{\alpha}\right]\hat{Q}_{\alpha {\bar{1}}}\right)~\mbox{for}~\alpha=x,y \\
S_{j}^{z}&=2\bar{s}\left(\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{j}^{z}\right]\hat{Q}_{z 1}-\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{j}^{z}\right]\hat{Q}_{z{\bar{1}}}\right)
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Here, $\Re\left[\mathcal{C}\right]$ and $\Im\left[\mathcal{C}\right]$ are the real and imaginary parts of of $\mathcal{C}$. The $\mathcal{C}_{j}^{\alpha}$ and $\mathcal{C}_{j}^{z}$, which depend on $|J_{F}|/J_A$, are
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{C}_{j}^{\alpha}&=&\langle s|S_{j}^{+}|t_{11}\rangle=\langle s|S_{j}^{+}|t_{{\bar{1}}\onebar}\rangle ~\mbox{and} \\
\mathcal{C}_{j}^{z}&=&\langle s|S_{j}^{z}|t_{01}\rangle=\langle s|S_{j}^{z}|t_{0{\bar{1}}}\rangle.
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
Moreover,
$Q_{\alpha\nu} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}_{\alpha\nu}^{\dagger}+\hat{t}_{\alpha\nu}\right)$,
$ P_{\alpha\nu} = \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}_{\alpha\nu}^{\dagger}-\hat{t}_{\alpha\nu}\right) $,
$\hat{t}_{x\nu} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}_{{\bar{1}}\nu}-\hat{t}_{1\nu}\right)$,
$\hat{t}_{y\nu} = \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}_{{\bar{1}}\nu}+\hat{t}_{1\nu}\right)$ and $ \hat{t}_{z\nu} = \hat{t}_{0\nu}$~\footnote{The $\hat{t}_{m\nu}$ operators used to define $t_{\alpha\nu}$ are obtained via a simple rotation performed on the old $\hat{t}_{m\nu}$ operators. This transformation goes as: $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}_{m{\bar{1}}}+\hat{t}_{m1}\right) \rightarrow \hat{t}_{m1}$ and $ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\hat{t}_{m{\bar{1}}}-\hat{t}_{m1}\right) \rightarrow \hat{t}_{m{\bar{1}}}$.}. This representation is very similar to the one derived recently in Ref.~\cite{Ghosh2016}. For $J_{F}\rightarrow -\infty$, it exactly becomes what is given in Ref.~\cite{Ghosh2016}. Moreover, the singlet operator on up-oriented hexagons is approximated by a mean-field $\bar{s}$, which describes the mean-field TS state.
Now in the full Hida model, we write all up hexagons as in Eq.~\ref{eq:uphexTS}, and the AFM bonds in the down hexagons using the spin representation of Eq.~\ref{eq:spinTS}. This turns the Hida model into the following triplon model:
\begin{eqnarray}{\label{eq:H-trip}}
\hat{H}_{t}^{TS}= e_{0}N_{uc} &+& \frac{1}{2}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}
\left[ \lambda\, {\bf \hat{P}}^{\dagger}_{\alpha}({\bf k}) {\bf \hat{P}}_{\alpha}({\bf k})\right.\nonumber\\
&+&\left. {\bf \hat{Q}}^{\dagger}_{\alpha}({\bf k})\,\mathcal{V}_{\alpha,{\bf k}}\,{\bf \hat{Q}}_{\alpha}({\bf k}) \right].
\end{eqnarray}
Here, $N_{uc}$ is the total number of hexagonal unit-cells in the lattice, $e_{0}=\left(E_{s}-E_{t}\right)\bar{s}^{2}+\lambda\bar{s}^{2}+E_{t}-4\lambda$, and $\lambda$ is the Lagrange multiplier that is introduced to satisfy the local constraint, $\bar{s}^{2} + \sum_{\alpha\nu}\hat{t}^{\dagger}_{\alpha\nu}\hat{t}_{\alpha\nu} =1 $, on average. Moreover,
\begin{equation}
{\bf \hat{Q}}_\alpha({\bf k}) = \left[\begin{array}{c} \hat{Q}_{\alpha1}({\bf k}) \\ \hat{Q}_{\alpha{\bar{1}}}({\bf k}) \end{array}\right]~~\mbox{and}~~{\bf \hat{P}}_\alpha({\bf k}) = \left[\begin{array}{c} \hat{P}_{\alpha1}({\bf k}) \\ \hat{P}_{\alpha{\bar{1}}}({\bf k}) \end{array}\right],
\end{equation}
where $\hat{Q}_{\alpha 1}({\bf k})$ and $\hat{Q}_{\alpha{\bar{1}}}({\bf k})$ are the Fourier components of $\hat{Q}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf{r}})$. That is, $\hat{Q}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf{r}}) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{uc}}}\sum_{\bf k} e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf{r}}}\hat{Q}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf k})$ for $\nu=1,{\bar{1}}$. Here, ${\bf{r}}$ denotes the position vector of the hexagonal units of the lattice, and ${\bf k}$ lies in the Brillouin zone of the corresponding reciprocal lattice. Likewise, $\hat{P}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf{r}}) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{uc}}}\sum_{\bf k} e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf{r}}}\hat{P}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf k})$. Since $\hat{Q}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf{r}})$ and $\hat{P}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf{r}})$ are Hermitian, therefore, $\hat{Q}^{\dagger}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf k}) = \hat{Q}_{\alpha\nu}(-{\bf k})$ and $\hat{P}^{\dagger}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf k}) = \hat{P}_{\alpha\nu}(-{\bf k})$. Moreover, $[\hat{Q}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf k}),\hat{P}_{\alpha^\prime \nu^\prime}({\bf k}^\prime)] = i\delta_{\alpha\alpha^\prime}\delta_{\nu\nu^\prime}\delta_{{\bf k}+{\bf k}^\prime=0}$, while the $\hat{Q}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf k})$'s commute amongst themselves and the same for $\hat{P}_{\alpha\nu}({\bf k})$'s.
The $\hat{H}^{TS}_t$ is a problem of two oscillators for each $\alpha$ described by $\hat{Q}_{\alpha1}({\bf k})$ and $\hat{Q}_{\alpha{\bar{1}}}({\bf k})$, and coupled via
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{V}_{\alpha,{\bf k}}=\left[\begin{array}{lcl} \lambda-2\bar{s}^2\epsilon_{\alpha1,{\bf k}} && \bar{s}^2\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}} \\
\bar{s}^2\eta^*_{\alpha,{\bf k}} && \lambda-2\bar{s}^2\epsilon_{\alpha{\bar{1}},{\bf k}} \end{array}\right].
\label{eq:V}
\end{equation}
The $\mathcal{V}_{\alpha,{\bf k}}$ is a Hermitian matrix, with $\eta^*_{\alpha,{\bf k}}$ as the complex conjugate of $\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}$. The $\epsilon_{\alpha\nu,{\bf k}}$ and $\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}$ are given below.
\begin{widetext}
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\epsilon_{\alpha 1,{\bf k}} =&~ 2J_{A}\big(\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{3}^{\alpha}\right]\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{6}^{\alpha}\right]\cos{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_2+\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\alpha}\right]\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{4}^{\alpha}\right]\cos{{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_1}+\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{2}^{\alpha}\right]\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{5}^{\alpha}\right]\cos{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}\big) \\
\epsilon_{\alpha{\bar{1}},{\bf k}} =&~ 2J_{A}\big(\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{3}^{\alpha}\right]\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{6}^{\alpha}\right]\cos{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_2+\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\alpha}\right]\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{4}^{\alpha}\right]\cos{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_1+\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{2}^{\alpha}\right]\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{5}^{\alpha}\right]\cos{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}\big) \\
\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}} =&~ J_{A}\big(\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{6}^{\alpha}\right]\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{3}^{\alpha}\right]e^{i{\bf k}\cdot\bf{a_{1}}}+\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{6}^{\alpha}\right]\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{3}^{\alpha}\right]e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot\bf{a_{1}}}+\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{4}^{\alpha}\right]\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\alpha}\right]e^{i{\bf k}\cdot\bf{a_{2}}}
+\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{4}^{\alpha}\right]\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\alpha}\right]e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot\bf{a_{2}}}\nonumber \\
&~ +\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{5}^{\alpha}\right]\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{2}^{\alpha}\right]e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}}+\Im\left[\mathcal{C}_{5}^{\alpha}\right]\Re\left[\mathcal{C}_{2}^{\alpha}\right]e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}}\big)
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
\end{widetext}
As in Ref.~\cite{Ghosh2016}, the $\hat{H}^{TS}_t$ can be diagonalized by a unitary rotation of $\hat{Q}_{\alpha 1}({\bf k})$ and $\hat{Q}_{\alpha{\bar{1}}}({\bf k})$ to the new operators, $\hat{Q}_{\alpha +}({\bf k})$ and $\hat{Q}_{\alpha-}({\bf k})$.
\begin{equation}
\left[\begin{array}{c} \hat{Q}_{\alpha+}({\bf k}) \\ \hat{Q}_{\alpha-}({\bf k}) \end{array}\right] = \mathcal{U}^{\dagger}_{\alpha,{\bf k}} \left[\begin{array}{c} \hat{Q}_{\alpha1}({\bf k}) \\ \hat{Q}_{\alpha{\bar{1}}}({\bf k}) \end{array}\right] \label{eq:UQ}
\end{equation}
The unitary matrix $\mathcal{U}_{\alpha,{\bf k}}$ is given as:
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{U}_{\alpha,{\bf k}}=\left[\begin{array}{lcr} \cos{\frac{\theta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}{2}} && - e^{-i\phi_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}\sin{\frac{\theta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}{2}} \\
e^{i\phi_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}\sin{\frac{\theta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}{2}} && \cos{\frac{\theta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}{2}} \end{array}\right],
\end{equation}
where $\theta_{\alpha,{\bf k}} = \tan^{-1}{\{|\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}|/(\epsilon_{\alpha{\bar{1}},{\bf k}}-\epsilon_{\alpha 1,{\bf k}})\}}$, and $\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}} = |\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}| e^{-i\phi_{\alpha,{\bf k}}}$ with $|\eta_{\alpha,-{\bf k}}|=|\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}|$ and $\phi_{\alpha,-{\bf k}} = -\phi_{\alpha,{\bf k}}$.
The $\hat{H}^{TS}_t$ in the diagonal form can be written as:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Ht-diagonal}
\hat{H}^{TS}_t=e_{0}N_{uc} + \sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\sum_{\mu=\pm}E_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}\left[ \hat{t}^{\dagger}_{\alpha\mu}({\bf k}) \hat{t}_{\alpha\mu}({\bf k})+\frac{1}{2} \right],
\end{equation}
where $ \hat{t}_{\alpha\mu}({\bf k}) = \sqrt{\frac{E_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}}{2\lambda}}\hat{Q}_{\alpha\mu}({\bf k}) + i\sqrt{\frac{\lambda}{2E_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}}}\hat{P}_{\alpha\mu}({\bf k}) $ are the renormalized triplon operators, and
$E_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}=\sqrt{\lambda(\lambda-2\bar{s}^2\xi_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}})}$ are the triplon energy dispersions with $ \xi_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}} = [(\epsilon_{\alpha{\bar{1}},{\bf k}} + \epsilon_{\alpha1,{\bf k}})-\mu\sqrt{(\epsilon_{\alpha{\bar{1}},{\bf k}}-\epsilon_{\alpha1,{\bf k}})^2+|\eta_{\alpha,{\bf k}}|^2}]/2$. The label, $\mu=\pm$, for new operators defined in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:UQ}), is analogous to, but different from, the old $\nu$. The ground state energy per unit-cell from Eq.~(\ref{eq:Ht-diagonal}) is given by
\begin{equation}
e^{TS}_g = e_{0}+\frac{1}{2N_{uc}}\sum_{\bf k}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\sum_{\mu=\pm} E_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}.\label{eq:eg}
\end{equation}
Again, by minimizing $e^{TS}_g$ with respect to $\lambda$ and $\bar{s}^2$, we get the following mean-field equations.
\begin{subequations} \label{sc-TS}
\begin{align}
\bar{s}^2 &= 4-\frac{1}{2N_{uc}}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\sum_{\mu=\pm}\frac{\lambda-\bar{s}^{2}\xi_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}}{E_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}} \label{eq:sbar} \\
\lambda &=\left(E_{t}-E_{s}\right)+\frac{\lambda}{2N_{uc}}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{\alpha=x,y,z}\sum_{\mu=\pm}\frac{\xi_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}}{E_{\alpha\mu,{\bf k}}} \label{eq:lam}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Having thus formulated the TMFT's for the Hida model with respect to the physically motivated HS, D-HS and TS states, we next discuss the results of these calculations, in particular, the competition between the three candidate states to be the ground state.
\subsection{Results from Triplon Mean-Field Calculations}
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig3-Hida_energy-vs-Jf.pdf}
\caption{\label{hidaE}
The triplon mean-field energies of the HS (hexagonal singlet), D-HS (dimerized HS) and TS (trimerized singlet) states of the Hida model.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig4-Sq_HS_DHS_wide_triplon-analysis.pdf}
\caption{\label{Sq_HS_DHS}
The static structure factor, $S({\bf q})$, in the HS and D-HS ground states of the Hida model. The color-code bar on the bottom-left applies to the plots ($a$) and ($b$), and that on the bottom-right applies to ($c$) and ($d$). The extended Brillouin zone (upto 4th Brillouin zone) is shown in solid-black lines.}
\end{figure*}
We self-consistently solve Eqs.~\eqref{sc-HSS},~\eqref{sc-DHSS} and~\eqref{sc-TS} for the three cases as a function of the negative $J_F$, with $J_A=1$ in the calculations. This allows us to compute the energies, $e_{g}^{HS}$, $e_{g}^{D\mbox{-}HS}$ and $e_{g}^{TS}$, of the three states. A comparison of these energies would give us some understanding of the possible phase transitions with change in $J_F$ in the ground state of the Hida model.
The competition between one symmetry preserving (HS) and two symmetry breaking (D-HS and TS) phases is shown in Fig.~\ref{hidaE}. For small $J_F$, the HS state is expectedly the ground state of the system. However as $|J_F|/J_A$ increases, interestingly the symmetry-breaking (D-HS and TS) phases become lower in energy. In particular, it is the D-HS state which first becomes lower in energy than the HS state at $J_{F} \approx -1.26$. While the TS state also crosses the HS state at $J_F \approx -2.15$, but it never crosses the D-HS state. In fact, for large negative $J_F$, the TS asymptotically approaches the D-HS state. That is, the TS and D-HS represent the same physical state for large negative $J_F$. Thus, according to the triplon mean-field theory, the D-HS is the ground state of the Hida model for $|J_F|/J_A > 1.26$. For large negative $J_F$, the D-HS is same as the TS state. It is consistent with the fact that for spin-1 KHA, which is the large negative $J_F$ limit of the Hida model, the TS is the ground state.
To see the implications of our finding for real materials, we also indicate the positions of different \ce{m-MPYNN.X} salts (which motivated the Hida model in the first place) on $J_F/J_A$ axis in Fig.~\ref{hidaE}. Our triplon analysis clearly suggests that these organic salts at low temperatures would realize the symmetry-breaking D-HS phase, as opposed to the uniform HS phase proposed by Hida in his original paper. Notably, consistent with the known behavior of this family of materials, the D-HS ground state also has a finite spin-gap for the entire range of $J_F$.
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig4a-Sq_HS_DHS_cut.pdf}
\caption{\label{Sq_HS_DHS_cut}
The static structure factor, $S({\bf q})$, plotted along the high-symmetry lines of the first and the extended Brillouin zone in the HS and D-HS ground states of the Hida model. The high-symmetry lines are shown in blue over the Brillouin zones above the actual plots.}
\end{figure}
Since the HS, D-HS and TS states are all spin-gapped and non-magnetic, usual thermodynamics measurements can not distinguish between them. But neutron diffraction may tell us more precisely as to which of these is the low temperature phase of the \ce{m-MPYNN.X} salts. To this end, we calculate the static structure factor, $S({\bf q})$, of these three states for different values of $J_F$. It is defined as: $ S\left({\bf q}\right)=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i,j} \langle \vec{S}_{i}\cdot\vec{S}_{j} \rangle e^{-i{\bf q}.\bf{r}_{ij}}$, where $N$ is the total number of lattice sites, and $\vec{S}_{i}$ and $\vec{S}_{j}$ are two spins on the lattice sites separated by a distance $\bf{r}_{ij}$. The $i,j$ sum here runs over all the lattice sites.
\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=.95\textwidth]{fig5-Sq_DHS_TS_Kagome.pdf}
\caption{\label{Sq_DHS_TS_Kagome}
Comparing the $S({\bf q})$ in the D-HS and TS states of the Hida model (at $J_{F}/J_{A}=-10$) with that in the TS ground state of the spin-1 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet.}
\end{figure*}
In Fig.~\ref{Sq_HS_DHS}, we present the intensity contourplots of $S({\bf q})$ for such values of $J_F$ where either HS or D-HS forms the ground state of Hida model within TMFT (see Fig.~\ref{hidaE}). In all of these plots, the intensity maxima always occur at the corners of the fourth Brillouin Zone (BZ4) with $|{\bf q}|=4\pi/3$, while the intensity is minimum at the zone center. But there are some notable features that can visibly distinguish between HS and D-HS.
An important distinction between the two states comes from the curvature of the intensity contours around minima (zone center). For $S({\bf q})$ in the HS state, the contours enclosing the zone center become negatively curved (concave) as one moves away from the center, while they are always positively curved (convex) in the D-HS state. This distinction is further linked to the shape of intensity contours around the points of maxima (the corners of BZ4), which are curved triangles pointing away from the points of minima in the D-HS state, and pointing towards the points of minima in the HS state. These curved triangular contours form a kagom\'e like pattern in the $S({\bf q})$ of D-HS state but not in the HS state, while the points of maxima in both form a honeycomb lattice.
To make the distinguishing feature more precise, in Fig. \ref{Sq_HS_DHS_cut}, we plot the $S({\bf q})$ in the HS and D-HS phases along certain high-symmetry directions in the first and the extended Brillouin zones. The qualitative difference in $S({\bf q})$ between the two phases shows up along the $M_{1}M_{1}^{\prime}$ line in the first Brillouin zone and $M_{2}M_{2}^{\prime}$ line in the extended Brillouin zone. In the HS phase, the variation of $S({\bf q})$ along $M_{1}M_{1}^{\prime}$ is very small (mostly flat except near the two ends), while its variation along $M_{2}M_{2}^{\prime}$ is significant. Interestingly, it is exactly opposite in the D-HS phase, where the $S({\bf q})$ along $M_{2}M_{2}^{\prime}$ stays pretty flat, while it varies significantly along the $M_{1}M_{1}^{\prime}$ line. To quantify this relative variation, we define a quantity
\begin{equation*}
f_{v}=\frac{\max[S({\bf q})_{M_{1}M_{1}^{\prime}}]-\min[S({\bf q})_{M_{1}M_{1}^{\prime}}]}{\max[S({\bf q})_{M_{2}M_{2}^{\prime}}]-\min[S({\bf q})_{M_{2}M_{2}^{\prime}}]}
\end{equation*}
as the ratio of the difference between the maximum and minumum values of $S({\bf q})$ along $M_1M_1^\prime$ and $M_2M_2^\prime$ directions. We for instance get $f_{v}\sim 0.0789$ in the HS phase for $J_{F}=-0.1$, and $f_{v}\sim 8471.62$ for $J_{F}=-5.0$ in the D-HS phase. Clearly, for experiments, it suggests that if $f_v <1$, then the material is in the HS phase, and if $f_v >1$, then it's in the D-HS phase. We propose this relative variation of $S({\bf q})$ along $M_{1}M_{1}^{\prime}$ and $M_{2}M_{2}^{\prime}$ directions as a characteristic feature that can unambiguously differentiate between the HS and D-HS states in a neutron diffraction experiment.
Since the TS state for large negative $J_F$ approaches the D-HS state, in Fig.~\ref{Sq_DHS_TS_Kagome} we also compare the $S({\bf q})$ in the D-HS state with that in the TS state at $J_{F}/J_{A}=-10$, and also with the $S({\bf q})$ in the TS ground state of the spin-$1$ kagom\'e Heisenberg AFM model (studied in our earlier paper~\cite{Ghosh2016}). Well, they all look pretty much the same! This clearly implies that the TS ground state that we and others have found for the spin-1 KHA is essentially the D-HS ground state of the Hida model in the limit of large negative $J_F$. Or in other words, the TS ground state of the spin-1 KHA is adiabatically connected to the D-HS ground state of the spin-1/2 Hida model.
Clearly, the TMFT of Hida model has given us an important understanding of the ground state. But, as is the case with triplon analysis, it (like the spin-wave analysis) is based on an a-priori knowledge or insights about the possible ground state. That is why, we first motivated the three states (HS, D-HS and TS), and then studied their competition for the ground state by doing triplon analysis. However, it would be nice, if we could also arrive at the same or similar physical conclusions by some alternate method without much a-priori assumptions about the possible ground state. With this motivation, we further investigate the Hida model by doing Schwinger boson mean-field theory (SBMFT) in the next section. Interestingly, the results of SBMFT qualitatively agree with what TMFT has taught us, and also reveal some novel features of the HS (for small $J_F$) to TS (for large $J_F$) transition.
\section{Schwinger Boson Mean-Field Theory}\label{sec:SB_method}
The SBMFT (Schwinger boson mean-field theory) has been proven to be effective in describing the ordered and disordered phases of interacting quantum spins~\cite{Arovas1988, Auerbach1988, HRK-SBMFT, Auerbach-book}. It has been applied to the Heisenberg models on different lattices such as the square \cite{Wei1994}, triangular \cite{Sachdev1992, Wang2006} and kagom\'e lattices~\cite{Sachdev1992, Manuel1994, Wang2006, Li2007, Messio2010, Mondal2017}.
Here, we formulate the SBMFT for the Hida model of Eq.~\eqref{eq:Hamil}.
We start by writing the Schwinger boson representation of the spin operators in terms of the boson operators, $a_{i}$ and $b_{i}$ defined on every site, $i$, as:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}\label{orders}
& S^{+}_{i} = a^{\dagger}_{i}b_{i}\\
& S^{-}_{i} = b^{\dagger}_{i}a_{i}\\
& S^{z}_{i} = \frac{1}{2}\left(a^{\dagger}_{i}a_{i}-b^{\dagger}_{i}b_{i}\right)
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
with the constraint,
$ {a_{i}^{\dagger}} a_{i}+{b_{i}^{\dagger}} b_{i}=2S $,
for the spin quantum number, $S$. For the moment, we keep $S$ as general, but eventually, we will consider $S=1/2$.
To write the Heisenberg exchange interaction between the spins, $\vec{S}_i$ and $\vec{S}_j$,
we introduce the following two bosonic operators involving the sites $i$ and $j$.
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
& A_{ij}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(a_{i}b_{j}-b_{i}a_{j}\right) \\
& F_{ij}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left({a_{i}^{\dagger}} a_{j} +{b_{i}^{\dagger}} b_{j} \right)
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Physically, the $F_{ij}$ represents the hopping of the bosons and $A_{ij}^{\dagger}$ forms the singlet between $i$-th and $j$-th sites. Using these two operators, the Heisenberg exchange operator can be written as, $\vec{S}_i\cdot\vec{S}_j = \, :F^{\dagger}_{ij}F_{ij}: -A^{\dagger}_{ij}A_{ij} $, where $:\mathcal{O}:$ is the normal ordered form of the operator $\mathcal{O}$. Given this operator identity,
the Hida model of Eq.~\eqref{eq:Hamil} takes the following form.
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:H-SB}
H = &&\frac{J_{F}}{2} \sum_{{\langle i,j \rangle}}^{\fer} \left(:F^{\dagger}_{ij}F_{ij}:-A^{\dagger}_{ij}A_{ij}\right)\nonumber\\
&+&\frac{J_{A}}{2} \sum_{{\langle i,j \rangle}}^{\afer} \left(:F^{\dagger}_{ij}F_{ij}:-A^{\dagger}_{ij}A_{ij}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
Due to the local constraint on the number of bosons per site, the $A_{ij}$ and $F_{ij}$ are also constrained to satisfy the condition
\begin{equation}\label{cons2}
:F^{\dagger}_{ij}F_{ij}:+A^{\dagger}_{ij}A_{ij}=2S^{2}.
\end{equation}
Since Eq.~\eqref{eq:H-SB} is quartic in Schwinger bosons, we decouple the operators there by introducing the mean fields, $\alpha_F$, $\phi_F$, $\alpha$, $\phi$, $\alpha^{\prime}$ and $\phi^{\prime}$, which are defined as follows: on all FM bonds ($\fer$), $\alpha_{F}=\langle A_{ij} \rangle$ and $\phi_{F}=\langle F_{ij} \rangle$, on every AFM bond of the up-oriented hexagons ($\afup$), $\alpha_{A}=\langle A_{ij} \rangle$ and $\phi_{A}=\langle F_{ij} \rangle$, and on every AFM bond of the down-oriented hexagons ($\afdn$), $\alpha^{\prime}_{A}=\langle A_{ij} \rangle$ and $\phi^{\prime}_{A}=\langle F_{ij} \rangle$. This choice of mean-field parameters is the very minimal that would allow spontaneous symmetry-breaking (dimerization of the AFM hexagons), not by a-priori assumption, but by the self-consistent determination of $(\alpha_{A}, \phi_{A})$ and $(\alpha^{\prime}_{A}, \phi^{\prime}_A)$ through the mean-field dynamics of the Schwinger bosons. So, if it turns out that $(\alpha_{A}, \phi_{A})=(\alpha^{\prime}_{A},\phi^{\prime}_{A})$, then we have the uniform HS phase. But if $(\alpha_{A}, \phi_{A}) \ne (\alpha^{\prime}_{A},\phi^{\prime}_{A})$, then we have the D-HS phase. For simplicity, we treat these mean-field parameters as real.
Under this mean-field approximation, the Hamiltonian in Eq.~\eqref{eq:H-SB} takes the following form.
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:Hamil-SBMFT}
\mathcal{H}_{MF}^{SB}=&&\frac{J_F}{2}\sum_{{\langle i,j \rangle}}^{\fer}\left[\phi_{F}\left(F^{\dagger}_{ij}+F_{ij}\right)-\alpha_{F}\left(A_{ij}^{\dagger}+A_{ij}\right)\right]\nonumber\\
&+&\frac{J_A}{2}\sum_{{\langle i,j \rangle}}^{\afup}\left[\phi_{A}\left(F^{\dagger}_{ij}+F_{ij}\right)-\alpha_{A}\left(A_{ij}^{\dagger}+A_{ij}\right)\right]\nonumber\\
&+&\frac{J_A}{2}\sum_{{\langle i,j \rangle}}^{\afdn}\left[\phi^{\prime}_{A}\left(F^{\dagger}_{ij}+F_{ij}\right)-\alpha^{\prime}_{A}\left(A_{ij}^{\dagger}+A_{ij}\right)\right]\nonumber\\
&-&\frac{3J_F}{2}N_{uc}\left(\phi_{F}^{2}-\alpha_{F}^{2}\right)\nonumber\\
&-&\frac{3J_{A}}{2}N_{uc}\left[\left(\phi_{A}^{2}-\alpha_{A}^{2}\right)+\left({\phi^{\prime}_{A}}^{2}-{\alpha^{\prime}_{A}}^{2}\right)\right]\nonumber\\
&+&\lambda\sum_{i}\left({a_{i}^{\dagger}} a_{i}+{b_{i}^{\dagger}} b_{i}-1\right)
\end{eqnarray}
Here, the last term imposes the local number constraint, ${a_{i}^{\dagger}} a_{i}+{b_{i}^{\dagger}} b_{i}=2S$ for $S=1/2$, only on average through Lagrange multiplier, $\lambda$.
Although bilinear in Schwinger boson operators, the mean-field problem in Eq.~\eqref{eq:Hamil-SBMFT} needs to be handled carefully. To proceed, we first consider an isolated FM bond, say, the $1$-$2$ bond in Fig.~\ref{hidalattice}. The Hamiltonian of this FM bond in SBMFT reads as:
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{H}_{MF,12}^{SB}&=&\frac{J_F}{2}\left[\phi_{F}\left(F_{12}^{\dagger}+F_{12}\right)-\alpha_{F}\left(A_{12}^{\dagger}+A_{12}\right)\right.\nonumber\\
&-&\left.\phi_F^{2}+\alpha_F^{2}\right]+\lambda\sum_{i=1,2}\left({a_{i}^{\dagger}} a_{i}+{b_{i}^{\dagger}} b_{i}-1\right).
\end{eqnarray}
We diagonalize it by applying the Bogoliubov transformation,
\[ \left[ \begin{array}{c}
a_{1} \\
a_{2}\\
b_{1}^{\dagger} \\
b_{2}^{\dagger}\end{array} \right] = \mathcal{U}\left[
\begin{array}{c}
\tilde{a}_{-} \\
\tilde{a}_{+}\\
\tilde{b}_{-}^{\dagger} \\
\tilde{b}_{+}^{\dagger}\end{array}
\right]. \]
where,
\[ \mathcal{U} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left[ \begin{array}{cccc}
\cosh\eta & \cosh\eta & -\sinh\eta & \sinh\eta \\
\cosh\eta & -\cosh\eta & \sinh\eta & \sinh\eta \\
\sinh\eta & -\sinh\eta & \cosh\eta & \cosh\eta\\
-\sinh\eta & -\sinh\eta & \cosh\eta & -\cosh\eta\end{array}\right]\]
for $\tanh2\eta=-J_{F}\alpha_{F}/2\sqrt{2}\lambda$. Under this transformation, the FM bond Hamiltonian reads as:
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{H}_{MF,12}^{SB}&=& \omega_{-}\left(\tilde{a}_{-}^{\dagger}\tilde{a}_{-}+\tilde{b}_{-}^{\dagger}\tilde{b}_{-}\right)+\omega_{+}\left(\tilde{a}_{+}^{\dagger}\tilde{a}_{+}+\tilde{b}_{+}^{\dagger}\tilde{b}_{+}\right) \nonumber\\
&\ &-\frac{J_F}{2}\left(\phi_F^{2}-\alpha_F^{2}\right)+(\omega_{+}+\omega_{-})-4\lambda \label{eq:FMbond}
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
\omega_{\pm}=\pm \frac{|J_{F}|\phi_{F}}{2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{\lambda^{2}-\left(\frac{J_{F}\alpha_{F}}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^{2}}.
\end{equation}
Importantly, we recognize that the operators, $\tilde{a}_{-}$ and $\tilde{b}_{-}$, with energy $\omega_{-}$, will have to condense in order to form a bound moment (spin-1) in the ground state. Therefore, we treat the operators $\tilde{a}_{-}$ and $\tilde{b}_{-}$ as average amplitudes $\bar{a}$ and $\bar{b}$, respectively.
We do the same treatment of all the FM bonds of the Hida model, taking the same average amplitudes, $\bar{a}$ and $\bar{b}$. Moreover, we drop the subscript, $+$, from $\tilde{a}_{+}$ and $\tilde{b}_{+}$ (which is not essential anymore), and label these operators by the bond index, \rom{1}, \rom{2} and \rom{3} for the FM bonds 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6, respectively.
As a result of the above treatment, the full Hamiltonian in Eq.~\ref{eq:Hamil-SBMFT} will also acquire linear terms in $\tilde{a}_i$'s and $\tilde{b}_i$'s (for $i = \rom{1}$, $\rom{2}$ and $\rom{3}$), in addition to the bilinear terms. We get rid of these linear terms by making the following displacement transformation:
\[ \left[ \begin{array}{c}
\widetilde{a}_{i} \\
\widetilde{b}_{i}\end{array} \right] \rightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{c}
\tilde{a}_{i} + r \bar{b} \\
\tilde{b}_{i} + r \bar{a} \end{array} \right],\]
where
$
r =-\frac{J_{A}}{2\sqrt{2}} (\alpha_{A}+\alpha^{\prime}_{A})/[\omega_{+}-\frac{J_{A}}{2\sqrt{2}}(\phi_{A}+\phi^{\prime}_{A})] $.
Next we do the Fourier transformation as follows:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{a}_{i} ({\bf{r}}) &=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{uc}}}\sum_{{\bf k}} \tilde{a}_{i,{\bf k}} e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf{r}}},\\
\tilde{b}_{i} ({\bf{r}}) &=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{uc}}}\sum_{{\bf k}} \tilde{b}_{i,{\bf k}} e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf{r}}}.
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
The resulting SBMFT Hamiltonian in the momentum space can be written as:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:hamilmf}
\mathcal{H}_{MF}^{SB}=\sum_{{\bf k}}\left[ \begin{array}{cc}
\widetilde{\bf{a}}_{{\bf k}}^{\dagger} & \widetilde{\bf{b}}_{{\bf k}}\end{array}\right]\left[ \begin{array}{cc}
\mathcal{V}_{1{\bf k}} & \mathcal{V}_{2{\bf k}} \\
\mathcal{V}_{2{\bf k}}^{\dagger} & \mathcal{V}_{1{\bf k}} \end{array}\right]\left[ \begin{array}{c}
\widetilde{\bf{a}}_{{\bf k}}\\
\widetilde{\bf{b}}_{{\bf k}}^{\dagger} \end{array}\right]+e_{0}N_{uc},
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{\bf{a}}_{{\bf k}}^{\dagger}=\left[\tilde{a}_{\rom{1},{\bf k}}^{\dagger}\ \tilde{a}_{\rom{2},{\bf k}}^{\dagger}\ \tilde{a}_{\rom{3},{\bf k}}^{\dagger}\right]$, $\tilde{\bf{b}}_{{\bf k}}=\left[\tilde{b}_{\rom{1},{\bf k}}\ \tilde{b}_{\rom{2},{\bf k}}\ \tilde{b}_{\rom{3},{\bf k}}\right]$,
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{V}_{1{\bf k}}=\left[ \begin{array}{ccc}
\omega_{+} & \Delta+\Delta^{\prime} e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{2}} & \Delta+\Delta^{\prime} e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}} \\
\Delta+\Delta^{\prime} e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{2}} & \omega_{+} & \Delta+\Delta^{\prime} e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{1}}\\
\Delta+\Delta^{\prime} e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}}& \Delta+\Delta^{\prime} e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{1}} & \omega_{+}\end{array}\right]
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{V}_{2{\bf k}}^{\dagger}=\left[ \begin{array}{ccc}
0 & -t+t^{\prime}e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{2}} & t-t^{\prime}e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}} \\
t-t^{\prime}e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{2}} & 0 & -t+t^{\prime}e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{1}}\\
-t+t^{\prime}e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{3}} & t-t^{\prime}e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf a}_{1}} & 0\end{array}\right]
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}
t&=&\frac{J_{A}}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(-\alpha_{A}+\phi_{A}\sinh2\eta\right), \nonumber\\
t^{\prime}&=&\frac{J_{A}}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(-\alpha^{\prime}_{A}+\phi^{\prime}_{A}\sinh2\eta\right), \nonumber\\
\Delta&=&\frac{J_{A}}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(-\alpha_{A}\sinh2\eta-\phi_{A}\right) ~\mbox{and} \nonumber\\
\Delta^{\prime}&=&\frac{J_{A}}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(-\alpha^{\prime}_{A}\sinh2\eta-\phi^{\prime}_{A}\right). \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Here, ${\bf a}_{1}$ and ${\bf a}_{2}$ are lattice vectors as given in Fig.~\ref{hidalattice}.
In Eq.~\ref{eq:hamilmf}, the constant, $e_0$, is given by
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
e_{0}=3&&\left[-\omega_{+}-2\lambda(2S+1)-\frac{J_F}{2}\left(\phi_{F}^{2}-\alpha_{F}^{2}\right)
-\frac{J_{A}}{2}\left[\left(\phi_{A}^{2}-\alpha_{A}^{2}\right)+\left({\phi^{\prime}_{A}}^{2}-{\alpha^{\prime}_{A}}^{2}\right)\right]+2\sqrt{\lambda^{2}-\frac{1}{2}J_{F}^{2}\alpha_{F}^{2}}\right.\nonumber\\
&&+\left\{\omega_{+}+\frac{J_A}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\phi_{A}+\phi^{\prime}_{A}\right)-\frac{\left(\frac{J_A}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\alpha_{A}+\alpha^{\prime}_{A}\right)\right)^{2}}{\omega_{+}-\frac{J_A}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\phi_{A}-\phi^{\prime}_{A}\right)}\right\}\bar{\rho}^{2}\nonumber\\
&&\left.-\frac{J_A}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\alpha_{A}+\alpha^{\prime}_{A}\right)\sinh2\eta \left\{1+\left(\frac{\frac{J_A}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\alpha_{A}+\alpha^{\prime}_{A}\right)}{\omega_{+}-\frac{J_A}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\phi_{A}-\phi^{\prime}_{A}\right)}\right)^{2}\right\}\bar{\rho}^{2}\right].
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
The $\bar{\rho}^{2} = \bar{a}^2+\bar{b}^2$ is a measure of the moment formation per FM bond. For large negative $J_F$, which corresponds to having spin-1 moment per FM bond, the $\bar{\rho}^2$ must tend to the value of $2$ (which it does in our calculations).
We diagonalize Eq.~\eqref{eq:hamilmf} using Bogoliubov transformation. In the diagonal form, it reads as: \[\mathcal{H}_{MF}^{SB} = \sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{i=1}^{3}E_{i,{\bf k}}(\text{a}_{i,{\bf k}}^{\dagger}\text{a}_{i,{\bf k}}+\text{b}_{i,{\bf k}}\text{b}_{i,{\bf k}}^{\dagger})+e_{0}N_{uc},\] where $E_{i,{\bf k}}$'s are the six quasiparticle dispersions for six boson modes per unit-cell. Its ground state is the vacuum of the Bogoliubov quasiparticles, and the ground state energy per unit cell is given as:
\begin{equation}
e_{g}=\frac{1}{2N_{uc}}\sum_{{\bf k}}\sum_{i=1}^{6}E_{i,{\bf k}}+e_{0},
\end{equation}
which is a function of the mean-field parameters, $\alpha_{F}$, $\phi_{F}$, $\alpha_{A}$, $\phi_{A}$, $\alpha^\prime_{A}$, $\phi^\prime_{A}$, the Lagrange multiplier, $\lambda$, and $\bar{\rho}^{2}$. A physical solution for all these parameters would be the one that minimizes $e_{g}$.
We re-parameterize our mean-field parameters using the constraint in Eq.~\ref{cons2}.
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(\phi_{F},\alpha_{F}\right) &=& \sqrt{2}\,S\left(\cos\theta_{F},\sin\theta_{F}\right)\\
\left(\phi_{A},\alpha_{A}\right) &=& \sqrt{2}\,S\left(\cos\theta_{A},\sin\theta_{A}\right)\\
\left(\phi^\prime_{A},\alpha^\prime_{A}\right) &=& \sqrt{2}\,S\left(\cos\theta^\prime_{A},\sin\theta^\prime_{A}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
To solve for the physical values of the mean-field parameters, we minimise the following function using simplex method (see Ref.~\cite{Nelder65}).
\begin{align}\label{min_fn}
& \mathcal F(\lambda,\bar{\rho}^{2},\theta_{F},\theta_{A},\theta^\prime_{A}) = e_{g} + w_{\lambda}\left(\frac{\partial{e_g}}{\partial{\lambda}}\right)^{2}+w_{\bar{\rho}^{2}}\left(\frac{\partial{e_g}}{\partial{\bar{\rho}^{2}}}\right)^{2}\nonumber\\
& + w_{\theta_{F}}\left(\frac{\partial{e_g}}{\partial{\theta_{F}}}\right)^{2}
+ w_{\theta_{A}}\left(\frac{\partial{e_g}}{\partial{\theta_{A}}}\right)^{2} + w_{\theta^{\prime}_{A}}\left(\frac{\partial{e_g}}{\partial{\theta^\prime_{A}}}\right)^{2}
\end{align}
The tolerance of the standard deviation of the simplex is set to be $10^{-12}$. We set the weight, $w_{\lambda}$, to have a higher value than the other $w$'s. This ensures a faster convergence. It is also possible to get complex $E_{i{\bf k}}$ in the parameter space. This situation is avoided by adding a huge penalty to the function values. If the system becomes gapless then the minimization algorithm will not converge, or will give physically inconsistent results. In such cases, it will be required to introduce a condensation order-parameter for the gapless mode. This does not concerns us currently, as we find them to be gapped.
\subsection{Results from the SBMFT Calculations}\label{subsec:SBMFT}
The SBMFT formulated above allows us to investigate with increasing $J_{F}$ the following aspects of the problem: 1) spontaneous dimerization, if any, of the AFM bonds, and 2) the formation of spin-$1$ moments on the FM bonds.
Through the numerical minimization of the ground state energy, we compute the mean-field parameters as a function of $J_F$. On the FM bonds, we find $(\phi_F,\alpha_F)=(1/\sqrt{2},0)$ for all $J_F$. The other mean-field parameters are presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:hidaMF}. For the AFM bonds on the up-oriented hexagons, we find $(\phi_A,\alpha_A)=(0,1/\sqrt{2})$ for all $J_F$. The $\alpha^{\prime}_A$ and $\phi^{\prime}_A$ on the AFM bonds of the down-oriented hexagons, however, change with $J_F$ in an interesting way. For large negative $J_F$, the $\alpha^\prime_A$ is nearly zero, as opposed to $\alpha_A$. It clearly points to the dimerization of AFM bonds in Hida model. For very small values of $J_F$, $(\phi^\prime_A,\alpha^\prime_A)$ tends to become $(\phi_A,\alpha_A)$ [keeping ${\phi^{\prime}_A}^{2}+{\alpha^{\prime}_A}^{2}=1/2$, as per Eq.~\eqref{cons2}].
This suggests that for very small $J_F$, the dimerization tends to vanish and gives way to the uniform HS phase. In going from strong to weak negative $J_F$, the mean-field parameters vary continuously, but the slopes $d\phi^{\prime}_A/dJ_F$ and $d\alpha^{\prime}_A/dJ_F$ show a jump discontinuity at $J_{F}/J_{A}=-2.33$, which is an indication of a continuous quantum phase transition.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig6-Hida_MF2-vs-Jf.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:hidaMF}
Variation of the mean-field parameters on the AFM bonds with $J_{F}$. The $\alpha_A$ and $\phi_A$ stay constant at $1/\sqrt{2}$ and $0$, respectively, for all $J_F$. The $\alpha^{\prime}_A$ and $\phi^{\prime}_A$ compete to dominate each other with a marked change in their relative strengths across $J_F/J_A \sim -2.33$.
Notably, $\alpha^\prime_A \neq \alpha_A$ (except when $J_F/J_A$ is closer to zero), which implies spontaneous dimerization of the AFM bonds in Hida model.}
\end{figure}
For a more direct physical understanding of the SBMFT results, we calculate 1) the order parameter for the dimerization of the AFM bonds, and 2) the total spin moment per FM bond. The dimerization order-parameter, $O_D$, is defined as:
\begin{equation}
O_{D}=\frac{1}{3N_{uc}}\left|\sum_{\langle i,j\rangle}^{\afup}\langle\vec{S}_{i}\cdot\vec{S}_{j}\rangle-\sum_{\langle i,j\rangle}^{\afdn}\langle\vec{S}_{i}\cdot\vec{S}_{j}\rangle\right|.
\label{eq:OD}
\end{equation}
It distinguishes the singlet weight on the AFM bonds of the up-oriented hexagons from that of the down-oriented hexagons. The average total spin moment, $\widetilde{S}$, per FM bond is defined as follows:
\begin{align}
\widetilde{S}\left(\widetilde{S}+1\right)&=\frac{1}{3N_{uc}}\sum_{\langle i,j\rangle}^{\fer}\left\langle\left(\vec{S}_{i}+\vec{S}_{j}\right)^{2}\right\rangle\nonumber\\
&=\frac{1}{3N_{uc}}\sum_{\langle i,j\rangle}^{\fer}\left(\langle\vec{S}_{i}^2\rangle+\langle\vec{S}_{j}^{2}\rangle+2\langle\vec{S}_{i}\cdot\vec{S}_{j}\rangle\right).
\label{eq:moment}
\end{align}
To compute $O_D$ and $\widetilde{S}$, we rewrite Eqs.~\eqref{eq:OD} and~\eqref{eq:moment} in the Schwinger boson representation, and then calculate the expectation values in the ground state of $\mathcal{H}_{MF}^{SB}$.
The $O_D$ is found to be zero for very small values of $J_F$ implying a uniform HS phase. For $-J_F/J_A \gtrsim 0.28$, however, the $O_D $ takes non-zero values that grow continuously as shown in Fig.~\ref{hidaTri}. This implies ``spontaneous'' dimerization for the AFM bonds in Hida model. Thus, at $J_F/J_A = -0.28$, the SBMFT ground state of Hida model undergoes a symmetry-breaking transition from the HS to D-HS phase. Moreover, for large negative $J_F$, the $O_D$ is found to saturate to a value which is same as the ``trimerization" order-parameter value of the spin-1 KHA (see Appendix for the SBMFT calculation of the spin-1 KHA model). These findings are in qualitative agreement with what we learnt from TMFT.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig7-Hida_Lattice_Dim_vs_Jf_w_inset.pdf}
\caption{\label{hidaTri}
The dimerization order parameter, $O_D$, vs. $J_F/J_A$. The horizontal (dot-dashed) line at $0.05$ corresponds to the value of trimerization order parameter for spin-$1$ kagom\'e antiferromagnet (see Appendix). The inset zooms in to show the dimerization transition at $J_F/J_A = -0.28$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig8-Hida_ferro_moment.pdf}
\caption{\label{momJF}
The average total spin per FM bond vs. $J_F/J_A$. For large negative $J_F$, it approaches the value of a spin-1 moment. However, for $-J_F/J_A < 1.46$, it is (nearly) a constant at 1.5, which corresponds to having two uncorrelated spin-1/2's. It implies that only when $J_F/J_A$ is stronger than a critical value (-1.46) that the pair of spin-1/2's on a FM bond start to behave as a bound moment.}
\end{figure}
The moment per FM bond, $\widetilde{S}$, correctly tends to 1 for large negative $J_F$, as shown in Fig.~\ref{momJF}. It decreases continuously as $|J_F|/J_A$ decreases. But for $|J_F|/J_A \lesssim 1.46$, the $\widetilde{S}(\widetilde{S}+1)$ stops decreasing and stays put at a value of 1.5, which corresponds to having two uncorrelated spin-1/2's on every FM bond~\footnote{Ideally, $\tilde{S}(\tilde{S}+1)$ should be exactly 1.5 at $J_F=0$. But in Fig.~\ref{momJF}, it goes a little below 1.5 for $J_F$ very close to zero. This minor discrepancy, we believe, can be cured by including the quantum fluctuations of the condensed modes, $\tilde{a}_-$ and $\tilde{b}_-$ of Eq.~\eqref{eq:FMbond}. In the present ``minimal'' formulation, we have ignored these fluctuations (which is fine for $J_F$'s not so close to zero). }.
This is an interesting result. It says that the spin-1/2's on the FM bonds of Hida model require a critical strength of $J_F$ to form bound moments! Thus, when $\widetilde{S}(\widetilde{S}+1)$ starts to increase from 1.5, it marks a transition from a phase of spin-1/2 moments to a phase with bound spin-1/2's on FM bonds.
Therefore, according to our SBMFT calculations, two different quantum phase transitions occur in the ground state of Hida model. The first of these is the ``dimerization'' transition at $(J_F/J_A)_{c1} = -0.28$, across which the AFM bonds of Hida model undergo spontaneous dimerization. The second one is the ``moment-formation'' transition at $(J_F/J_A)_{c2} = -1.46$, under which the pair of spin-1/2's on every FM bond start expressing as a bound moment (that eventually becomes spin-1 for large $J_F$'s). This leads to the following three distinct phases:
\begin{enumerate}
\item the uniform HS phase of spin-1/2 moments below $(J_F/J_A)_{c1}$,
\item the D-HS phase of spin-1/2 moments between $(J_F/J_A)_{c1}$ and $(J_F/J_A)_{c2}$, and
\item the D-HS phase with bound moments on FM bonds above $(J_F/J_A)_{c2}$, which adiabatically continues to become the TS phase of spin-1 KHA for large negative $J_F$.
\end{enumerate}
In addition to this, as we noticed in Fig.~\ref{fig:hidaMF}, the jump discontinuities of the slopes of $\alpha^\prime_A$ and $\phi^\prime_A$ also suggest a quantum phase transition at $(J_F/J_A)_{c3}=-2.33$. But it is not clear how to interpret it, because $\alpha$'s and $\phi$'s are not physical observables. Besides, it has no particular bearing on the two physical transitions described above.
But it seems to mark the qualitative change from a phase with weak dimerization of AFM bonds and weakly bound spin-1/2's on FM bonds to a phase with strong dimerization and strongly bound moments.
Overall, the SBMFT of Hida model presents a very novel picture of its ground state. It also adds nicely to the understanding of spontaneous trimerization in the ground state of the spin-1 KHA model.
\section{Summary}\label{sec:summary}
Motivated by recent studies on spin-$1$ kagom\'e Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHA), we have investigated the Hida model, which is a spin-1/2 model of antiferromagnetic hexagons coupled via ferromagnetic bonds (on honeycomb lattice). We have employed triplon
and Schwinger
boson mean-field approaches to study the evolution of the ground state from the hexagonal singlet (HS) phase at small $J_F/J_A$ to the trimerized singlet (TS) phase at large negative $J_F/J_A$ (which is the ground state of spin-1 KHA).
From triplon mean-field theory we learnt that, at some intermediate value of $J_F/J_A$, the uniform HS ground state gives way to the dimerized hexagonal singlet (D-HS) state, which then remains the ground state of Hida model for all negative $J_F$'s. The TS ground state of spin-1 KHA is same as the D-HS ground state of Hida model at large negative $J_F$.
From the Schwinger boson mean-field theory, in an independent and unbiased way, we again found that the ground state of Hida model exhibits spontaneous dimerization at $J_F/J_A = -0.28$. It also revealed to us a second quantum phase transition at $J_F/J_A = -1.46$, under which the spin-1/2's of an FM bond begin to express as a bound moment, which gradually becomes spin-1 for stronger $J_F$. The dimerization order parameter in the ground state of Hida model approaches the same value as the trimerization order parameter for spin-1 KHA (see Appendix). Thus, both triplon and Schwinger boson methods produce a mutually consistent picture of the ground state of the Hida model, and tell us clearly about how trimerized singlet ground state is formed in a spin-1 KHA from the perspective of the Hida model.
In the light of our investigations of the Hida model, we predict that the \ce{m-MPYNN.X} organic salts (which historically motivated these studies) would realize the D-HS phase at low temperatures, as opposed to the hexagonal singlet solid (HSS) phase considered by Hida. The D-HS phase is both non-magnetic and spin-gapped, which is qualitatively consistent with the known experimental features of these materials. But the same is also true of the uniform HS (or HSS) phase. Therefore, we propose to ascertain the existence of dimerized hexagonal singlet phase in these organic salts by measuring the static structure factor using Neutron diffraction.
\begin{acknowledgments}
B.K. thanks Frederic Mila and Pierre Nataf for exciting discussions, and
acknowledges the financial support under UPE-II scheme of JNU, DST-PUSRE and DST-FIST support for the HPC facility in SPS, JNU. P.G. acknowledges CSIR (India) for financial support. We also acknowledge IUAC (India) for using their HPC facility.
\end{acknowledgments}
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We sat second from the front of the balcony and saw EVERYTHING! From our (cheap!) seats we could see baby Jesus batting their eyelashes!
The weather was Rainy/damp. I wore Velvet, sparkle, and shine— this is the chance to bring out all that glitters—go for it!.
Lots of restaurants all around the theatre.
Best to either take Bart, Uber, or park in the Sutter Stockton garage if you want to drive.
I wore A sweater, dress pants, and coat..
Parking on the weekend is expensive around the Curran so if you can enjoy a week night play you can usually find free metered parking within walking distance. There is a parking structure around the corner on Taylor that is $28 max, which is about 7-10 dollars cheaper than other garages. The Curran is newly renovated and is beautiful. One of my favorite theaters in the city.
Parking was typical big cities prices. Catch Bart if you can. There were several parking garages within walking distance. Due your homework and check them all out online.
Had a delicious dinner across the street from the Curran at Colibri Mexican Bistro. Really delicious food--ambiance not so much. Ask to sit in the back.
Sanraku on Sutter after the show. You'd do best to make a res..
Street parking is a bear in SF. Meters and parking tickets.
The weather was SF Foggy cool. I wore jeans a nice blouse and sweater.
I wore men's clothing and a fedora.
Try to get to the bathroom first, or you'll wait forever. One stall for the entire upper level.
You can't take open drinks into the venue. We were able to buy drinks at the bar right before the show started, but then when we went to go in they said we couldn't bring out drinks! So we had to quickly drink them/ditch them so we could make it in for the start. Very unhappy that the bar staff didn't mention that.
Bring binoculars or opera glasses if you sit in the mezzanine. Helps with closeup views during solos.
The weather was comfortable evening. I wore black dress and boots. I saw nice casual and dressy because of the holidays. Noticed that kids were dressed up for the show, which was really sweet.. | RedPajamaC4_-1033109315332437862 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
"I ought to be jealous of the tower. She is more famous than I am." – Gustave Eiffel.
Gustave Eiffel was born on 15 December 1832 in the city of Dijon, the historical capital of the Burgundy region of France. His family name is Bönickhausen and that is the name under which his birth was registered, but the family took the name Eiffel from the name of the mountains near to where they emigrated from in Germany. Gustave's surname though, was not formally changed until 1880.
Although close to his parents, his mother especially, due to their work commitments, Gustave lived with his grandmother. His mother sold her business in 1843 and retired.
Although fairly successful with his education, he didn't take it seriously enough in his early years as he found it boring. However, he learned a lot about chemistry and mining from Jean-Baptiste Mollerat who was his uncle, and who owned a large chemical works and his friend Michel Perret who was a chemist. Due to their influence and that of some of his teachers, Gustave went on to attend college at Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, specialising in chemistry. He graduated in 1855, and Gustave's mother bought him a season ticket to the World's Fair, the second of which took place in Paris that same year.
Gustave Eiffel's first paid job was as secretary to Charles Nepveu who was a railway engineer. Nepveu's business went bankrupt shortly afterward but some parts of it were acquired by other companies and as Nepveu became managing director of two factories in Paris, he gave Eiffel the job of heading up his research department. Nepveu won a contract to design and build a railway bridge over the river Garonne and Eiffel eventually took over the project when Nepveu resigned in 1860. As the project was completed on time, Eiffel started to make a name for himself and started to win promotions within the company, but unfortunately, it went into decline and Eiffel resigned in 1865.
He set himself up as an independent engineer and won a number of important contracts including the construction of two railway stations and a number of locomotives for the Egyptian government. He also worked on the iron work for the exhibition hall which was to be used for the 1867 Exposition Universelle. His work led to him learning a lot about the properties of cast iron.
He continued working on lucrative projects, some overseas and some in France, including two viaducts which were used on the line to Bordeaux from Lyon. One of his overseas contracts was for prefabricated sections of a building which was shipped over to Chile and became the Church of San Marcos in Arica.
Eiffel entered into a partnership in 1868 with Theophile Seyrig forming a company with him called Eiffel et Cie. The company worked on more lucrative and important contracts in the railway industry, including terminal buildings and bridges and in 1878 Gustave's reputation was firmly established at that year's Exposition Universelle as he was responsible for the construction of several buildings at the exposition as well as exhibiting models of work that he and his company had completed in the past.
The following year, Eiffel's partnership with Seyrig came to an end and Eiffel renamed the company Compagnie des, Etablissements Eiffel. The company worked on a number of bridges over the next couple of years and continued to further establish Eiffel's name in the field. It was during this time that he started to work with some of the people who would be involved in the Eiffel Tower project.
In 1881, Gustave Eiffel became involved in the construction of his first World renowned tourist attraction when he was contacted by Auguste Bartholdi, the designer of the Statue of Liberty. Eiffel designed a four-legged pylon structure which supported the main body of the statue which was made from copper sheeting. The whole thing was assembled in Eiffel's workshops in Paris before being disassembled again and shipped off to the USA.
In 1886, Eiffel designed what was the World's largest dome at the time, for the Astronomical Observatory in Nice. The dome was to form a part of the most important building in a complex designed by one of the most vocal critics of the Eiffel Tower, Charles Garnier. As it was a part of an observatory the dome was required to rotate, but Eiffel decided that wheels or rollers would not be suitable for the job. He instead used a system consisting of a ring-shaped hollow girder which floated in a solution of magnesium chloride in water, a process which had been patented by Eiffel in 1881.
Eiffel had already been involved in the design of the tower which would forever carry his name in 1884 and 1885, making recommendations for changes to the original design by Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier. When a new design was sent to him which incorporated some of his ideas, he bought the rights to the patent on the design. Not much happened after that until after the budget was approved for the 1889 Exposition Universelle in May 1886. A new competition was setup for the design and construction of the centrepiece to the exhibition which Eiffel won and a contract was signed on 8 January 1887. The contract he signed was as an individual rather than on behalf of his company, and it included provision for him to receive all income from the tower during the exhibition and for twenty years afterwards, something which resulted in Eiffel setting up a new company just to manage the tower. Work on the foundations for what would become the Eiffel Tower was started on 28 January 1887 and work was completed in March 1889.
During the time of the building of the Eiffel Tower, Gustave also was part of an effort to build a canal across the Panama isthmus. The company he was contracted to eventually folded and the directors of the company along with Eiffel, who was simply a contractor were found guilty of misappropriation of funds. Eiffel was sentenced to two years in prison in 1893. This was quashed on appeal, but Gustave Eiffel's reputation had been badly damaged. He had already resigned from the board of directors of the Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel. The company changed its name to La Societe Constructions Levallois-Perret as Eiffel had insisted his name be removed. The name of the company would be changed again in 1937 to Anciens Etablissements Eiffel.
After his resignation from his company, and from the construction industry as it turned out, Eiffel went on to do work in meteorology and aerodynamics, subjects he had gained interest in due to problems he had encountered during his varied construction projects. He built his first wind tunnel at the foot of the Eiffel Tower in 1909, although due to complaints about noise he moved his efforts to Auteuil in 1912 where he built a bigger wind tunnel.
Gustave Eiffel died on 27 December 1923 in his mansion at Rue Rabelais in Paris, whilst listening to Beethoven's 5th symphony. He is buried in Levallois-Perret Cemetary in the family tomb. | RedPajamaC4_1247006987029163364 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
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The economic damage to the state is estimated at $2 billion. McCrory has asked the federal government for $1 billion.
The governor also announced that he signed an executive order on Thursday waiving some size and weight restrictions and registration requirements on manufactured housing to be used for those who were displaced by the storm.
The counties where people are eligible for temporary mobile homes are Johnston, Harnett, Wayne, Bladen, Columus, Edgecombe, Robeson and Sampson. Additional counties might become eligible.
"The General Assembly looks forward to hearing the Governor's plan and assisting in any way that we can," House Majority Leader John Bell of Goldsboro said in a statement he released Friday.
Earlier this week, Bell said in a "What Matters in North Carolina" podcast interview that he wasn't convinced a special session was needed at this time, since fires in the western part of the state have caused damage that will also need relief. He said it might make sense to deal with both problems at the same time. | RedPajamaC4_-1987553505300224584 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Dr. André Koelewijn presently works as a specialist on research and development at the department of Dike Technology of Deltares.
He has about 20 years of experience in national and international geotechnical projects, with a focus on failure mechanisms of dams, dikes and levees. He has a broad experience on small-scale and full-scale failure tests, crisis management to avoid real dike failures, monitoring equipment and the incorporation of monitoring data into models and guidelines, development of models and software. He has been responsible for the geotechnical design and the execution of all field experiments of the IJkdijk.
He has been the initiator of several international cooperation networks with France, UK, USA and China, and was involved in various research projects for the European Union. He has written over fifty scientific papers. In 2013, he received the Dutch Keverling Buisman prize for the best geotechnical paper.
In connection to the new approach to dike safety assessments for the Netherlands, effective from 2017, a suitable set of dike design instruments needs to be developed and applied to dike improvement works to be carried out after 2016.
A first test on full scale to create flow slides, without scale effects as present in laboratory tests in large and smaller flumes. This test was executed alongside a sand bar in the Western Scheldt, close to the shipping lane, employing three vessels with multibeam and other measurement techniques. Five smaller flow slides occurred during the ten days of the test.
The Urban Flood project is part of the ICT-programme of the EU funded 7th framework programme, demonstrating the possibilities of ICT 'from sensor to end user'. The sensors were placed in levees in Amsterdam, Emmerich (Germany) and Boston (England), this had to be done at the right positions in order to obtain meaningful data.
Advisor R&D Dike Technology, quality control.
Following the IJkdijk tests (see below), the applicability of sensor technology is tested on real, 'live' levees. This is done on locations in the Netherlands and abroad.
In a consortium comprising a multitude of parties, including landscape architects and a sociologist, feasible alternatives for levee improvement were invented for three locations. At the Streefkerk location this alternative has been inserted in the on-going selection procedure. It is under construction since 2014.
Advisor R&D Dike Technology, coordination of all matters related to geotechnics, design, construction and execution of wave overtopping test levee, review of design of levee stability test, execution of levee stability test, design and execution of piping (underseepage) failure tests, design and execution of a multi-failure mode experiment (executed in 2012).
The IJkdijk ('Calibration levee') is an international collaboration platform for testing new sensor technologies on both full scale levees tested to failure and 'live' levees.
Initiator, innovator and project leader.
The GeoBrain development aims at the incorporation of practical experience in geotechnical design, which may be achieved by use of artificial intelligence techniques and visualisation methods to extract and present otherwise inaccessable geotechnical information.
Pilot projects related to flood embankments, soil remediation and foundation engineering.
Design, execution, analysis and evaluation of a full scale field test at Bergambacht (near Rotterdam): uplift-induced stability failure of an eight centuries old river embankment.
Assistant, project leader, advisor, supervisor, auditor.
Stability, seepage and settlement calculations for design, evaluation and reinforcement of various larger and smaller levees and (rail)road embankments on soft deposits in the Netherlands.
A.R. Koelewijn (2001), Ph.D. thesis, TU Delft. ISBN 90-9014355-6.
André R. Koelewijn (2002), In: 'Learned and Applied – Soil Mechanics out of Delft', Frans B.J. Barends & Paola M.P.C. Steijger (eds), pp. 107-114. Lisse: Balkema.
A.R. Koelewijn & M.A. Van (2003), Proc. 13th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Prague, August, Volume 1, pp. 755-760.
M.A. Van, A.R. Koelewijn & F.B.J. Barends (2005), Int. J. Geomechanics 5(2):98-106.
André R. Koelewijn (2007), Proc. 10th International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics – NUMOG X, G.N. Pande & S. Pietruszczak (eds), Rhodes, April, pp. 659-664. London: Taylor & Francis.
André R. Koelewijn & Micheline W.A. Hounjet (2007), Proc. 14th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, V. Cuéllar et al. (eds), Madrid, September, pp. 845-849. Rotterdam: Millpress.
A.R. Koelewijn & A.M.J. Mens (2008), 6th Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, Arlington, August, 6 pp. Rolla: Missouri University of Science and Technology.
V. Bennett, T. Abdoun, M. Zeghal, A. Koelewijn, M. Barendse & R. Dobry (2011), Advances in Civil Engineering, volume 2011, article ID 870383, 12 pp. Hindawi Publishing.
C. Zwanenburg, E.J. den Haan, G.A.M. Kruse & A.R. Koelewijn (2012), '', Géotechnique 62(6):479-490. London: Institute of Civil Engineers.
A.R. Koelewijn, G. de Vries & H. van Lottum (2013), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris, 2-6 September, pp. 931-934.
A.R. Koelewijn, G. de Vries, H. van Lottum, U. Förster, V.M. van Beek & A. Bezuijen (2014), 8th International Conference on Physical modelling in Geotechnics, Perth, 14-17 January, pp. 891-897, CRC Press.
J.B. Rittgers, A. Revil, T. Planes, M.A. Mooney & A.R. Koelewijn (2015), Geophysical Journal International 200(2):758-772. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zeitabhängigkeit bei rückschreitender Erosion unterhalb von Deichen, 2015, André Koelewijn & Ulrich Förster, 38. Dresdner Wasserbaukolloquium, Dresden, 5-6 March, 10 pp.
A.R. Koelewijn & F.P.W. van den Berg (2015), 16th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 13-17 September, Edinburgh, 6 pp. | RedPajamaC4_1006998067665780739 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
JV has through the close involvement related to legal metrology and supporting reference standards for the large petroleum industry gained insight and cooperation with some of the predominant stakeholders in the field of petroleum metering in Europe. During 2004 JV applied to the Research Council of Norway for a nationally funded project on the topic of metering of LNG. It was an increased national focus on these issues, and the project was to be collaborated with national stakeholders. As a result of this effort the article "Challenges and Uncertainties with Fiscal Metering of LNG" was presented at Metrologie 2005 in Lyon. Since the LNG industry related to production and distribution has grown large, and the national legislation covers both static and dynamic measurement of LNG, JV have been focusing on the metrological capabilities in the measuring systems.
As a result of these activities, we will participate within the project in WP 2 and 5 related to field testing of both static and dynamic measurement solutions, uncertainty evaluations and recommendations for standardization. | RedPajamaC4_-3158116480618876310 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
You are at:Home»Latest news»MPs warned of sharp rise in poverty and homelessness over loss of welfare mitigations package in Northern Ireland
MPs warned of sharp rise in poverty and homelessness over loss of welfare mitigations package in Northern Ireland
By Brian Pelan June 10, 2019 No Comments
Kilcooley Women's Centre client Sabrina Lilley who talked to the inquiry at Stormont today about her experiences claiming Universal Credit. She was accompanied by her support worker Roberta Gray from Kilcooley Women's Centre
By Una Murphy, VIEWdigital
Northern Ireland welfare experts have warned of a "toxic combination" of Bedroom Tax and Universal Credit causing a sharp rise in poverty and homelessness next year.
They were giving evidence to MPs from two Westminster committees at Stormont today (June 10). Women from the Kilcooley area of Bangor, Co Down also gave MPs first-hand accounts of their experiences claiming benefits, including the controversial Universal Credit.
Professor Eileen Evason former Chair, Welfare Reform Mitigations Working Group told MPs that people on benefits in Northern Ireland faced a "toxic combination" of the loss of the mitigations package – which has saved many households from paying Bedroom Tax – and claiming Universal Credit. She told MPs that: "compassion has been washed out of the system".
MPs from the Northern Ireland Affairs and Work and Pensions Committees heard that Northern Ireland faced additional problems due to the legacy of The Troubles with a high suicide rate, a higher level of poverty than other parts of the UK and a higher level of disabilities. The two-child benefit cap would also have a bigger impact on women in Northern Ireland due to lack of abortion services and bigger families, the MPs were told.
Kelly Andrews Vice Chair, Belfast Area Domestic & Sexual Violence and Abuse Partnership and Chief Executive, Belfast and Lisburn Women's Aid said women make up 92% of lone parents in Northern Ireland. She said one woman who had escaped domestic abuse and came to a refuge had put in a claim for Universal Credit in January this year and the first payment did not come until May,
She told MPs: "The woman had no money to feed her children for four months and had to get help from food-banks and charities such as St Vincent de Paul". She added: "If the charitable services weren't there would the children have had to be taken into care.?"
Ms Andrews told MPs that a victim of domestic abuse faced isolation and coercive control which could make it difficult to access welfare benefits.
Kevin Higgins, Head of Policy, Advice NI added that local people "would be in a worse position than when mitigations were put in place". He warned that in addition to those who had claimed and faced delays receiving Universal Credit that was another group of people who gave up and did not complete the process because they found it too difficult and both these groups were going to foodbanks for help.
Kate McCauley, Policy and Practice Manager, Housing Rights said 17% of people of Northern Ireland lived in the private rented sector and 40% of the calls to the charity's helpline were from tenants in the private rented sector who were finding rents too expensive.
The mitigations package – which stopped some UK welfare cuts being introduced to Northern Ireland – is due to end next March. The Northern Ireland Council for Voluntary Action (NICVA) has estimated that 34,000 households will immediately have to pay the Bedroom Tax and lose support totalling £22million. There will also be 1,500 families with children from Northern Ireland hit by a Benefit Cap next March; they are set to lose support of £3million.
Voluntary sector organisations have launched a campaign to extend the mitigations package for people on welfare benefits in Northern Ireland. They warned that people on welfare benefits, particularly those living in the private rented sector, could fell into debt and face eviction and homelessness.
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In 2001, South Africa, like many other countries, introduced capital gains tax aimed at levying capital gains tax on the gain made from the disposal of certain assets. When a South African tax resident company redomiciles abroad and changes its tax residency to another tax jurisdiction, such a company ceases to be a tax resident for South African income tax purposes (regardless of whether the assets of such a company are still located in South Africa or whether the company still continues to do business in South Africa or not).
Generally, the cessation of South African tax residency is deemed to be a disposal for capital gains tax purposes and triggers capital gains tax. The Act deems the South African tax resident company to have disposed of all its assets for a consideration equal to their market value. As a result, the deemed disposal is subject to CGT at the prevailing tax rates.
In 2003, South Africa introduced so-called "participation exemptions", which exempts any foreign dividends declared by non-resident companies to a South African tax resident holding at least 10 per cent of the equity shares and voting rights in such companies from income tax, and includes the exemption from CGT gain on the disposal of equity shares held by a South African tax resident holding a least 10 per cent of the equity shares and voting rights in a non-resident company. The policy rationale for participation exemptions is where a South African tax resident has a meaningful interest in the non-resident company paying the dividend was to encourage capital inflows and to provide an incentive for South African tax residents to repatriate foreign dividends to South Africa.
Government has noticed an increased use of participation exemptions by South African tax resident shareholders. These erode the South African tax base in instances where a South African tax resident company changes its tax residency to another tax jurisdiction and shares in that company are subsequently sold by South African shareholders, which qualify for a participation exemption. Allowing South African resident shareholders to benefit from a participation exemption on disposal of the shares in a non-resident company that was a resident company when the shares were acquired is against the intended purpose of the participation exemption. It was aimed at encouraging capital inflows and to provide an incentive for South African tax residents to repatriate foreign dividends or capital gains back to South Africa on a tax neutral basis.
Proposed amendments effective 1 January 2021
It is proposed that changes be made in section 9H of the Act to deem a South African tax resident shareholder who holds shares in a South African tax resident company that changes its tax residency to another tax jurisdiction to be deemed to have disposed of all its assets at market value on the day before it ceased to be a South African tax resident and to have reacquired the assets at market value on the day of the exit.
It is currently unknown how the Government proposes to monitor compliance in this regard.
This article is a general information sheet and should not be used or relied on as legal or other professional advice. No liability can be accepted for any errors or omissions nor for any loss or damage arising from reliance upon any information herein. Always contact your legal adviser for specific and detailed advice. Errors and omissions excepted (E&OE)
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Flutist FRANCES SHELLY enjoys an active career as soloist, orchestral and chamber musician, performing in major venues throughout the United States and Europe. The Washington Post recently described her playing as "powerful and evocative." Originally from Dearborn, Michigan, Shelly earned her Bachelor's, Master's and Doctorate of Music degrees in flute performance from the University of Michigan where she was a student of Keith Bryan. After graduation she was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to study in West Berlin, Germany. While in Europe she studied with James Galway, Jean Pierre Rampal, and Frans Vester. Professor Shelly was awarded the College of fine Arts "Excellence in Teaching" Award in 1996. She was also selected to be the first recipient of the "Anita Jones Faculty Fellowship" in 2005. As Principal flute in the Wichita Symphony she has been featured on several occasions, including a performance of Cimarosa's Concerto for Two Flutes with world renowned flutist, Jean Pierre Rampal. Most recently Shelly collaborated with Maestro Andrew Sewell in a performance of Carl Nielsen's Concerto for Flute and Orchestra. Shelly performs extensively with, the Lieurance Woodwind Quintet, Wichita State University's resident woodwind quintet and 1989 recipient of the Governor's Arts Award. In Collaboration with organist Steven Egler, Shelly has commissioned, premiered, and recorded several new works for flute and organ. The Shelly/Egler Duo has performed throughout the United States, Canada and Norway. Recordings of the Shelly/Egler Duo and the Lieurance Quintet are on the Summit and Morning Star Record Labels. In October of 2003 Dr. Shelly performed with New York Metropolitan Opera mezzo-soprano, Joyce DiDonato, on an intercontinental tour, which included concerts at Lincoln Center in New York City, Kennedy Center in Washington DC, Academy of Vocal Arts in Philadelphia, and Wigmore Hall in London. Shelly also performed with Ms. DiDonato at the Ravinia Festival in Chicago. An award winning recording of Shelly with Ms. DiDonato is on the Eloquentia Record Label. | RedPajamaC4_5384999292370282936 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
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Workplace hazardous materials information system has been developed so as to enhance the safety of both the employers as well as the employees in the place of work. Handling if hazardous materials in the wrong way or without the right safety equipment as well as extreme caution can result in disastrous consequences in the work environment. WHIMS assist in the reinforcement of the right of the workers to understanding the hazardous materials which they can be exposed at the time of carrying out that duties. For many years, people have been learning in different manners though the online mode in nowadays gaining a lot of popularity. There are so many companies which are now days offering WHMIS training online. There are so many benefits that you will get by choosing to have the whmis Training online. In this article, you are provided with some of the benefits that you will get taking the WHMIS online.
The first reason why you will need to consider enrolling for the WHMIS course online is since you will have a personalized experience as well as an improved tracking. WHMIS online training makes it possible for employers to develop a more personalized experience for training their employees. In the conventional form of training, all the employees will have to take the same kind of training and they will also have to sit through it. In some cases, the material is sometimes not relevant to their tasks or the position they are handling. Online training will ensure that all those materials which have been included in the training are those which are relevant to the employee. This will assist engage employees and even tracking as well as reporting will eb easier through an online training as the employer can establish the employee who has receive the training and the one who require one. Be sure to click for more info!
Another benefit that is offered by WHMIS is the convenience. Online WHMIS provides a more convince as well as ease for employees since they can be able to attest he training on their own time and this implies that they will not have to disrupt their important schedule as well as task to attend to. Employees can even take the WHMIS training at the comfort of their home. This implies that three will also be reduction of cost which would otherwise be used for travel.
Flexibility is another great benefit that is offered by the online WHMIS training. You may further read about jobs, visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career. | RedPajamaC4_7188663400741568688 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Members > Awards > Meritorious Service Awards > Doug Schmitt - 2008
Doug Schmitt - 2008
CSEG Meritorious Service Award Recipient Citation for Doug Schmitt
by Jon Downton
For 2009 the CSEG is awarding Doug Schmitt the Meritorious Service Award. The Meritorious Service Award is given to members of the CSEG who have made a prominent and/or lengthy contribution to the Society and/or the industry as a whole. In his role as the Canada Research Chair in Rock Physics at the University of Alberta Doug has made significant contributions to the industry through his research and through his teaching and mentorship of many students over the years. Further, Doug has been active in the CSEG making technical contributions and serving as an Ambassador for the CSEG in Edmonton promoting our society.
Doug grew up on a farm near Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park in South Eastern Alberta. At the age of 4, he became interested in science and geophysics when he heard the low frequency rumble originating from large bombs exploding 80 miles away at Suffield. When he asked his mom what the sounds were, she replied that "scientists" were doing it and from that moment on Doug wanted to be a scientist. Doug went to a four-room country school with 8 grades. Along with graduating Doug, this school also produced one of Canada's Nobel Prize winners – Dr. Brockhouse. Doug received his B.Sc. from the University of Lethbridge in 1980. He then worked briefly as an exploration geophysicist for Texaco till going back to university to do his M.Sc. and Ph.D. at the Seismological Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. His thesis was on the "I. Application of double exposure holography to the measurement of in situ stress and the elastic moduli of rock from boreholes, II. Shock temperatures in fused quartz and crystalline NaCl to 35 GPa". He then did post-doctorate work related to hydraulic fracturing at Stanford with Mark Zoback.
Doug then joined the University of Alberta as an Assistant Professor of Geophysics in 1989. At this point in time there was a large number of retirements of geophysics professors from the University of Alberta. Together with Mauricio Sacchi, Doug helped rebuild the geophysics program into one of the finest in Canada. Today, Doug is Canada Research Chair in Rock Physics at the University of Alberta. Over the last 20 years Doug has supervised many Ph.D.'s and M.Sc.'s. An indication of their quality is the frequency of CSEG convention technical awards that he and his students have received over the years. The CSEG membership has also benefited from Doug's teaching ability as he has taught a short course on rock physics at the Doodletrain. I can attest that Doug is an excellent teacher. A number of years ago I had the opportunity to take a rock physics course from Doug via video conference. It was an excellent course and deepened my understanding of the relationship between the rock properties and their seismic response.
Doug has made important contributions addressing Canadian geophysical problems. Of particular note is the work that he and his students have done trying to add to our understanding of the geophysics of heavy oil reservoirs in Northeast Alberta. Here they have performed a series of experiments showing the applicability of 4D for the monitoring of enhanced oil recovery from these reservoirs. Doug is recognized as an expert in this area and recently co-organized a SEG workshop in Alberta on this topic. In the past he has organized a CSEG workshop on this same topic.
In conclusion, I believe Doug is a most worthy recipient of the CSEG Meritorious Service Award. He has made a prominent contribution to our society and industry through his teaching, research and ambassadorial service to our society. | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_4970101882066365074 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Q: JavaScript: Can I skip the complex re-sizing of a div to get the "full width block, no vertical overlap" behavior I want? I'm asking this because there may be a much simpler way to do what I'd like to do, but I don't know enough to ask the right question about particular components.
What I want seems simple enough: I have a series of divs that are sequentially adjacent (next rows in the file) in an HTML file and I want to use the insertHTML capability to plunk an image and some related text into each of the divs. The divs should be full width of the current browser window, and I'd like the vertical size dynamically adjust with content such that there's no overflow above or below the div. And, no vertically wasted space to speak of.
I thought this could be done in a simple manner and have been proven wrong, but the most simple thing I found that worked was to vertically re-size the divs in the code that also runs insertHTML(). My code is already posted here, when I asked why that resizing wasn't working. (And the answer was that the example I'd followed didn't specify units, so neither did I, but as soon as it got units, it worked.)
The only part of the code not presented there that may be pertinent is this bit, the code that's inserted into the divs via insertHTML:
html = '<hr><a href="'+link+'"><img src="'+image+'" width="60%" align="right"></img><h1>'+title+'</h1></a>'+summary;
target.style.height = height+"px";
target.innerHTML = html;
OK, so I now have something that's SOMETIMES pretty good, but the vertical height comes from the original height of the image, but that's sometimes not the real height because I'll need to re-size big images to 60% of display width in order to keep the formatting sane. Meanwhile, the text also sometimes overflows the height of the image, so even if I knew the actual height of the image - I presume I get this via a function called via an "onLoad" directive in the <img> tag - that's not always enough.
So, even if I have the image size after loading, I still don't know the ultimate size the div should be set to due to the text.
In my long carrier I have found that if the solution seems complicated, it's safe to presume "I'm just doing it wrong." What's the correct way?
If this IS the correct way, then, what are the best steps to complete this more complex method? For example, is there a way to get the "preferred" size of the div, including image and text? Is there a way to get the actual height of the current image in the code that did the insertHTML (I presume not since the image hasn't loaded yet)? Or, what else am I not considering?
A: And the answer was...
...YES, I was doing it wrong!
I had overlooked the CSS feature of div called overflow: auto; Adding this and it suddenly worked!
So, the code for the divs now looks like this:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<style>
.mydivs { display:block; width:100%; margin:auto; overflow:auto; }
</style>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#E3FBFF" text="#000000" onload="loadImages();">
<script type = "text/javascript">
function loadImages()
{
// ...Function omitted for brevity...
// But it gets to this line where html
// contains the <img src> tag, etc, and
// target is already pointed at my div
// object:
target.innerHTML = html;
}
</script>
<div id=d0 class="mydivs"></div>
<hr>
<div id=d1 class="mydivs"></div>
<hr>
<div id=d2 class="mydivs"></div>
<hr>
<div id=d3 class="mydivs"></div>
<hr>
</body>
</html>
Simple!
| RedPajamaStackExchange_-844517889811994220 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
For those of you who have been kind enough to drop by my new web-series, "The 51st Percentile Adventures of Satis the Good Enough," (I thought about making the title longer, but decided against it), I assure you Season 2 to be far more interesting than Season 1 was.
Yes, I know the first few episodes (well, up to 8 or so) are little dry. It picks up. I promise.
For those of you who haven't stopped by, please do. If you're looking for a synopsis first well, it's not unlike most other gaming fan-fiction, except this main character isn't capable of those really obnoxious "when everything is going wrong, here's the perfect solution." No, Satis is average, exceptionally average.
What kind of world does he live in? Well, it's some crazy blend of dot.hack, Elder Scrolls, Minecraft, Omnitopia, and Ragnarok Online, with a generous helping of international mythology and artistic license thrown in. They're all mixed together so thoroughly I can legitimately call it original; after all, all MMOs are pretty much based off of each other anyways.
Now, for WeSeWriMo, I posted every day until I hit the Season 1 Finale, which went live on the 22nd, but season 1 episodes were rather bite-sized. Season 2 episodes will be longer, and therefor, be posted less often. I haven't decided on a posting schedule yet, but if you want to be notified when new episodes go up, we're on Facebook, twitter, and Google+. If you don't like any of those subscription services and want updates through something else? Let me know, and I'll do my best to accommodate you. | RedPajamaC4_-1013133186522492483 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Global business expansion should be simple. A company sees an opportunity in a new market, or finds talent in a new market, and opens a sales channel there. Done.
It's what happens in between that makes this sort of global growth a prohibitive challenge. To get even one sales person on the ground overseas, a U.S.-based human resources staff has to navigate the myriad laws, local regulations, tax implications, bank accounts, and payroll hurdles unique to the locale. As a result, the process often fails before it ever had a chance to begin. This scenario is especially true for companies without the infrastructure, expertise, and bandwidth to investigate these challenges abroad.
Until now, there was no reliable model on which HR (or any segment of an organization; legal, finance, etc.) could rely to handle what amounts to the most nuanced and important portion of expanding to a new country: the technical ability to hire.
There has been a need for a new model, and one is beginning to emerge. It's called the "Global Professional Employer Organization" or Global PEO model. It borrows from an age-old concept in the U.S. described most commonly as co-employment—when one organization outsources its back office human resources to another organization for a variety of reasons.
But the U.S. is way ahead of the rest of the world in terms of this model. Which is why Global PEO must take an entirely different approach to co-employment than what exists in the United States.
There are three key ways in which a Global PEO model sets itself apart from the relative simplicity of co-employment HR has relied on for years: established foreign subsidiaries, built-in data compliance, and a strong understanding of local norms (ie. benefits).
Popular countries in which Globalization Partners has active professionals (or, people on our payroll but who work for our client companies, hence, co-employment) working today are the United Kingdom, Singapore, Mexico, China, and Canada. We are prepared to get anyone working in those countries with relative ease. The reason: recognized business subsidiaries.
In fact, about 75 percent (and rising) of all professionals on our platform are working through our established subsidiaries in locations the world over.
This is the gold rush of the Global PEO industry. The more land we can grab, the better it is for everyone: us, our clients, the professionals, and the in-house HR staff responsible, ultimately, for managing those professionals.
In the European Union, beginning in May 2018, a new set of rules will take effect known as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The regulation provides sweeping changes to how employee data is shared, stored, and ultimately protected by corporations.
Consequences for not adhering to GDPR could result in a company being forced to pay out up to 2 percent of total global revenue or 10 million euros in fines (whichever is higher), or 4 percent of total global revenue or up to 20 million euros in fines (whichever is higher), depending on the infraction.
The Global PEO model fits into this in two ways: Global PEOs (should) have a compliant workforce management software (built with the legal standard of "privacy-by-design" as a template), and an experienced in-house legal staff with international labor law expertise, specifically.
Expanding to new countries is all about following the procedures put in place by local governments, or, as plainly evidenced through the GDPR-penalty example, the costs—if HR hits a legal or regulatory snag—far outweigh the benefits of opening up shop in the new country.
Each country has its own set of unique benefit requirements, making offering benefit programs to international professionals a distinct challenge for HR. For example, Germany uses a "top up" system, which means the government provides adequate benefits to professions (typically including medical, dental, and vision coverage), but companies may be expected to add supplementary benefits often depending on seniority or other factors.
It's this way in much of Europe, with many countries offering state-provided health care entirely. In fact, high-end medical benefits are a point of continental pride in the EU. And in Asia, there is a set of culture norms which a U.S. company must learn. In the Philippines, it is typical for an employer to offer a monthly allotment of rice to the employee, for example.
Technically, the Global PEO should provide a wide range of solutions to this most challenging of international HR problems. This is a country-specific problem; but the Global PEO is a worldwide solution.
There is no one-size fits all approach to the problems facing HR when it comes to global expansion—largely due to the sheer volume of territorial rules and regulations concerning business. But it is in this morass in which the Global PEO industry will continue to thrive in the decades to come.
Andrea Dumont is Vice President of Marketing at Globalization Partners, a Global Professional Employer Organization which helps companies expand internationally without having to set up their own subsidiaries overseas. Andrea has over two decades of experience in human resources marketing; Her passion for international expansion and digital marketing has led her to accelerate growth at startups as well as Fortune 500 companies. | RedPajamaC4_4501924517952608691 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
#include "../window_conf.h"
#include "DX_Engine.h"
#include "windows.h"
#include "../Game.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
/* Instantiation of variables */
/* Direct X */
namespace Graphics_Engine {
LPDIRECT3D9 pd3d;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pd3ddev;
std::map<std::wstring, Image*> loadedTextures;
int drawLayer; /*current layer to draw on*/
bool batchDrawingStarted; /*Flag to tell if in middle of drawing*/
char* currentTexture; /*current Texture that has been set for drawing*/
LPD3DXEFFECT colourModulator;
D3DXHANDLE shaderTechnique;
LPD3DXBUFFER errorLog;
/*Seperate Sprite Implementation*/
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* vertexBuffer;
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* vertexBatchBuffer;
IDirect3DIndexBuffer9* indexBatchBuffer;
int numBatchVerts;
IDirect3DSurface9* backbuffer;
TLVERTEX* batchVertices;
float batchTexHeight, batchTexWidth;
D3DXMATRIX matOrtho;
D3DXMATRIX matIdentity;
TLVERTEX* vertices;
/* Struct to store all the properties for the image */
struct Record {
Record(std::wstring file_name, bool* col_mask) {
num_ref = 1;
fileName = file_name;
mask = col_mask;
}
void setMask(bool* col_mask) {
mask = col_mask;
}
~Record() {
SAFE_DELETE(mask); /*destructor for the mask pointer*/
}
unsigned int num_ref; /*number of file references to image file*/
std::wstring fileName; /*Filename of the image in use*/
bool* mask; /*pointer to the collision mask for the image*/
};
/*Map that will store information about the images in use*/
std::map<Image*, Record*> properties;
/*Destructor*/
void clean() {
if (pd3d != NULL) {
HRESULT hr = pd3d->Release();
if (FAILED(hr))
std::cerr << "ERROR! Cant release pd3d!" << std::endl;
}
if (pd3ddev != NULL) {
HRESULT hr = pd3ddev->Release();
if (FAILED(hr))
std::cerr << "ERROR! Cant release pd3ddev!" << std::endl;
}
pd3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, NULL, 0, 0);
if (vertexBuffer != NULL)
vertexBuffer->Release();
if (vertexBatchBuffer != NULL)
vertexBatchBuffer->Release();
if (indexBatchBuffer != NULL)
indexBatchBuffer->Release();
colourModulator->Release();
}
/*Directx Inititalisation Function*/
/*Creates Devices and prepares Program for a Directx environment.*/
void initialize(HWND hWnd, HINSTANCE hInst) {
pd3d = NULL;
pd3ddev = NULL;
/*Initialize devices*/
pd3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
/*Code to find out size of client area of window*/
RECT win_client_size;
GetClientRect(hWnd, &win_client_size);
d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = CLIENT_WIDTH; /*win_client_size.right;*/
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = CLIENT_HEIGHT; /*win_client_size.bottom;*/
d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;
d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
HRESULT hr = pd3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp,
&pd3ddev);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
std::cerr << "ERROR! Failed to initialize a Direct3D Device" << std::endl;
throw(hr);
}
/*Set Vertex Format*/
pd3ddev->SetFVF(D3DFVF_TLVERTEX);
/*Create the vertex buffer*/
pd3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(TLVERTEX) * 4, NULL, D3DFVF_TLVERTEX, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &vertexBuffer, NULL);
pd3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(BATCH_BUFFER_SIZE * sizeof(TLVERTEX), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, D3DFVF_TLVERTEX, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &vertexBatchBuffer, NULL);
pd3ddev->CreateIndexBuffer(BATCH_BUFFER_SIZE * 3, D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, D3DFMT_INDEX16, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &indexBatchBuffer, NULL);
pd3ddev->SetIndices(indexBatchBuffer);
numBatchVerts = 0;
/*Set render and texture stage state*/
pd3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, true);
pd3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_SELECTARG1);
pd3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE);
pd3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
pd3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_ALPHAOP, D3DTOP_SELECTARG1);
pd3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_ALPHAARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE);
pd3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_ALPHAARG2, D3DTA_TEXTURE);
pd3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
pd3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
pd3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_BLENDOP, D3DBLENDOP_ADD);
/*set up orthographic projection matrix*/
D3DXMatrixOrthoLH(&matOrtho, CLIENT_WIDTH, CLIENT_HEIGHT, 1.0f, 10.0f);
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&matIdentity);
/*Load the shader File*/
D3DXCreateEffectFromFile(pd3ddev, L"Fx/ColourModulation.fx", 0, 0, D3DXSHADER_ENABLE_BACKWARDS_COMPATIBILITY, 0, &colourModulator, &errorLog);
colourModulator->FindNextValidTechnique(NULL, &shaderTechnique);
/*fill index buffer*/
FillIndexBuffer();
batchDrawingStarted = false;
}
/*DirectX Display Function*/
void display() {
/*clear the backbuffer and set the colour to black*/
pd3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0);
/*initialize drawing sequence*/
pd3ddev->BeginScene();
/*initialise the shader called colour modulator*/
colourModulator->Begin(NULL, NULL);
/*draw the entire level*/
Game::level->drawLevel();
/*ends draw sequence*/
colourModulator->End();
pd3ddev->EndScene();
pd3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); /*Displays the backbuffer to the screen*/
}
void drawSprite(Sprite *sprite) {
D3DXMATRIX matObj, matRot, matFinal, matTrans;
pd3ddev->SetFVF(D3DFVF_TLVERTEX);
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&matObj);
float X, Y, destWidth, destHeight;
/*Calculate Coordinates*/
X = sprite->position.x - ((float)(CLIENT_WIDTH) / 2);
Y = sprite->position.y - ((float)(CLIENT_HEIGHT) / 2);
destWidth = (float)sprite->width;
destHeight = (float)sprite->height;
/*set coordinates of 4 vertices for our quad*/
TLVERTEX verts[] = {
{ X, Y, sprite->layer, D3DCOLOR_ARGB(sprite->colour.v1.a, sprite->colour.v1.r, sprite->colour.v1.g, sprite->colour.v1.b), sprite->source_rect.left, sprite->source_rect.top,},
{ (X + destWidth), Y, sprite->layer, D3DCOLOR_ARGB(sprite->colour.v2.a, sprite->colour.v2.r, sprite->colour.v2.g, sprite->colour.v2.b), sprite->source_rect.right, sprite->source_rect.top,},
{ (X + destWidth), (Y - destHeight), sprite->layer, D3DCOLOR_ARGB(sprite->colour.v3.a, sprite->colour.v3.r, sprite->colour.v3.g, sprite->colour.v3.b), sprite->source_rect.right, sprite->source_rect.bottom,},
{ X, (Y - destHeight), sprite->layer, D3DCOLOR_ARGB(sprite->colour.v4.a, sprite->colour.v4.r, sprite->colour.v4.g, sprite->colour.v4.b), sprite->source_rect.left, sprite->source_rect.bottom,},
};
/*Setup vertices in buffer*/
VOID* pVoid;
vertexBuffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVoid, 0);
memcpy(pVoid, verts, sizeof(verts));
vertexBuffer->Unlock();
if (sprite->rotation) {
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matTrans,(-X) - sprite->width/2, (-Y) + sprite->height/2, 1.0f);
D3DXMatrixRotationZ(&matRot, sprite->rotation);
D3DXMatrixMultiply(&matFinal, &matTrans, &matRot);
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matTrans, (((X)+ sprite->width/2)), (((Y - sprite->height/2))), 1.0f);
D3DXMatrixMultiply(&matFinal, &matFinal, &matTrans);
colourModulator->SetMatrix("World", &matFinal);
} else
colourModulator->SetMatrix("World", &matObj);
colourModulator->SetMatrix("View", &matOrtho);
colourModulator->CommitChanges();
pd3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, vertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(TLVERTEX));
pd3ddev->SetTexture(0, (IDirect3DTexture9*)sprite->image->id.p);
colourModulator->BeginPass(0);
/*draw quads in the buffer*/
pd3ddev->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN, 0, 2);
colourModulator->EndPass();
}
/*returns the supported layers of the engine*/
const int supportedLayers() {
return 11;
}
/*sets the drawing layer to the argument*/
void useLayer(int arg) {
try {
if (arg < drawLayer)
throw arg;
else
drawLayer = arg;
}
catch (int arg) {
std::cerr << "Can not draw to a a lower z-axis after a higher z-axis layer is drawn. " << arg << " is lower then " << drawLayer << std::endl;
}
}
/*Loads asset to Surface Object*/
Image* loadImageFromFile(std::wstring* filename) {
try {
/*declare iterator to find record in map*/
std::map<std::wstring, Image*>::iterator iter;
iter = loadedTextures.find(*filename);
if (iter != loadedTextures.end()) {
Image* img = loadedTextures[*filename];
properties[img]->num_ref++;
return img;
} else {
D3DXIMAGE_INFO imageInfo; //creates an Object that takes in the image information from the jpg
HRESULT hr = D3DXGetImageInfoFromFile(filename->c_str(), &imageInfo); //Loads that info to the Object
if (FAILED(hr)) {
std::wcerr << "ERROR! Failed to get bitmap info from the source image file... " << filename->c_str() << std::endl;
throw (hr);
}
/*create temp texture and load the image into memory*/
IDirect3DTexture9* tempTexture;
hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(pd3ddev, filename->c_str(), 0, 0, 1, 0, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_FILTER_BOX, D3DX_DEFAULT, 0, &imageInfo, NULL, &tempTexture) ; //Loads the image to that surface
if (FAILED(hr)) {
std::cerr << "Failed to load texture: " << filename << " ERROR: " << __FILE__ << " at Line " << __LINE__ << std::endl;
throw(hr);
}
/*Add texture to loadedTextures and set the Record*/
Image* image = new Image((char*)tempTexture, imageInfo.Width, imageInfo.Height);
loadedTextures[*filename] = image;
properties[image] = new Record(*filename, NULL);
/*return the new Image*/
return loadedTextures[*filename];
}
} catch (HRESULT hr) {
std::cerr << "ERROR CODE: " << hr << std::endl;
return NULL;
}
}
/*Fill Index Buffer*/
void FillIndexBuffer() {
int index = 0;
short* indices = NULL;
/*lock index Buffer*/
indexBatchBuffer->Lock(0, BATCH_BUFFER_SIZE * 3, (void**) &indices, 0);
for (int vertex = 0; vertex < BATCH_BUFFER_SIZE; vertex +=4) {
indices[index] = vertex;
indices[index + 1] = vertex + 2;
indices[index + 2] = vertex + 3;
indices[index + 3] = vertex;
indices[index + 4] = vertex + 1;
indices[index + 5] = vertex + 2;
index += 6;
}
/*Unlock index buffer*/
indexBatchBuffer->Unlock();
}
void beginBatchDrawing(IDirect3DTexture9* texture, Sprite *sprite) {
D3DXMATRIX matIdentity;
D3DSURFACE_DESC surfDesc;
/*lock the batching vertexBuffer*/
numBatchVerts = 0;
vertexBatchBuffer->Lock(0, BATCH_BUFFER_SIZE * sizeof(TLVERTEX), (void**) &batchVertices, 0);
/*Gettexture dimensions*/
texture->GetLevelDesc(0, &surfDesc);
batchTexWidth = (float) surfDesc.Width;
batchTexHeight = (float) surfDesc.Height;
/*Set Texture*/
pd3ddev->SetTexture(0, texture);
pd3ddev->SetFVF(D3DFVF_TLVERTEX);
D3DXMATRIX matRotate;
D3DXMATRIX matWorld;
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&matWorld);
/*Set world translation matrix*/
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&matIdentity);
colourModulator->SetMatrix("View", &matOrtho);
colourModulator->SetMatrix("World", &matIdentity);
colourModulator->CommitChanges();
/*Set stream source to batch buffer*/
pd3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, vertexBatchBuffer, 0, sizeof(TLVERTEX));
batchDrawingStarted = true;
}
void addQuad(Sprite *sprite) {
float X, Y, destWidth, destHeight;
/*Calculate Coordinates*/
X = sprite->position.x - ((float)(CLIENT_WIDTH) / 2);
Y = sprite->position.y - ((float)(CLIENT_HEIGHT) / 2);
destWidth = (float)sprite->width;
destHeight = (float)sprite->height;
/*Setup vertices in buffer*/
batchVertices[numBatchVerts].colour = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(sprite->colour.v1.a, sprite->colour.v1.r, sprite->colour.v1.g, sprite->colour.v1.b);
batchVertices[numBatchVerts].x = X;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts].y = Y;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts].z = sprite->layer;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts].u = sprite->source_rect.left;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts].v = sprite->source_rect.top;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 1].colour = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(sprite->colour.v2.a, sprite->colour.v2.r, sprite->colour.v2.g, sprite->colour.v2.b);
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 1].x = X + destWidth;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 1].y = Y;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 1].z = sprite->layer;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 1].u = sprite->source_rect.right;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 1].v = sprite->source_rect.top;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 2].colour = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(sprite->colour.v3.a, sprite->colour.v3.r, sprite->colour.v3.g, sprite->colour.v3.b);
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 2].x = X + destWidth;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 2].y = Y - destHeight;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 2].z = sprite->layer;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 2].u = sprite->source_rect.right;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 2].v = sprite->source_rect.bottom;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 3].colour = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(sprite->colour.v4.a, sprite->colour.v4.r, sprite->colour.v4.g, sprite->colour.v4.b);
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 3].x = X;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 3].y = Y - destHeight;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 3].z = sprite->layer;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 3].u = sprite->source_rect.left;
batchVertices[numBatchVerts + 3].v = sprite->source_rect.bottom;
/*increase vertex count*/
numBatchVerts += 4;
/*Flush buffer if its full*/
if (numBatchVerts == BATCH_BUFFER_SIZE) {
/*unlock vertex Buffer*/
vertexBatchBuffer->Unlock();
colourModulator->BeginPass(0);
/*draw quads in the buffer*/
pd3ddev->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, numBatchVerts, 0, numBatchVerts / 2);
colourModulator->EndPass();
/*reset vertex count*/
numBatchVerts = 0;
/*Lock vertex Buffer Again*/
vertexBatchBuffer->Lock(0, BATCH_BUFFER_SIZE * sizeof(TLVERTEX), (void**) &batchVertices, 0);
}
}
void endBatchDrawing() {
/*unlock vertex buffer*/
vertexBatchBuffer->Unlock();
colourModulator->BeginPass(0);
/*draw quads in the buffer*/
pd3ddev->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, numBatchVerts, 0, numBatchVerts / 2);
colourModulator->EndPass();
/*reset vertex count*/
numBatchVerts = 0;
batchDrawingStarted = false;
}
/*creates the bitmask for an imagae based off of the alpha values*/
bool* createBitmask(Sprite* sprite) {
D3DLOCKED_RECT rect;
IDirect3DTexture9* temptexture = (IDirect3DTexture9*)sprite->image->id.p;
HRESULT hr = temptexture->LockRect(0, &rect, NULL, D3DLOCK_READONLY);
if (FAILED(hr))
std::cerr << "ERROR!! MAKING BITMASK" << std::endl;
bool *bits = new bool[(DWORD)sprite->image->getWidth() * (DWORD)sprite->image->getHeight()];
for (DWORD y = 0; y < (DWORD)sprite->image->getHeight(); y++) {
DWORD* Bits = (DWORD*)((BYTE*)rect.pBits + y*rect.Pitch);
for (DWORD x = 0; x < (DWORD)sprite->image->getWidth(); x++) {
DWORD pixel = Bits[x];
bits[y*(DWORD)sprite->image->getWidth() + x] = (pixel&0xff000000) != 0x00;
}
}
temptexture->UnlockRect(0);
return bits;
}
/*clears the textureSet of all textures*/
void clearTextureList() {
std::map<std::wstring, Image*>::iterator iter;
iter = loadedTextures.begin();
/*iterate through the map deleteing all the textures stored*/
while (iter != loadedTextures.end()) {
IDirect3DTexture9* d3dex = (IDirect3DTexture9*)iter->second->id.p;
if (d3dex != NULL)
d3dex->Release();
/*delete the Image* pointer stored in the map*/
SAFE_DELETE((Image*)iter->second);
/*delete the reference to the image in the map*/
loadedTextures.erase(iter);
iter++;
}
}
/*remove a texture if the references are less then 2 or decrements the ref counter*/
void unload(Image *image) {
std::map<Image*, Record*>::iterator iter;
iter = properties.find(image);
/*check if passed in arguement exists within the map*/
if (iter == properties.end()) {
std::cerr << "Error unloading Image. " << __FILE__ << "at line: "
<< __LINE__ << " Image not in memory" << std::endl;
return;
}
/*If it exists then check to see if its reference is more then 1*/
Record *record = iter->second;
if (record->num_ref > 1)
/*If it is then decrement the reference*/
record->num_ref--;
else {
/*otherwise release the DirectX texture*/
IDirect3DTexture9* dxtex = (IDirect3DTexture9*)loadedTextures[record->fileName];
if (dxtex != NULL)
dxtex->Release();
else
std::cerr << "Error unloading Image. " << __FILE__ << "at line: "
<< __LINE__ << " DirectX texture is NULL" << std::endl;
/*delete the record and reference to the object within the maps*/
loadedTextures.erase(record->fileName);
properties.erase(iter);
/*Delete the local declarations*/
SAFE_DELETE(record);
SAFE_DELETE(image);
}
}
void drawCircle( float x, float y, float radius, float r, float g, float b ) {
}
void drawLine( float x, float y, float x_end, float y_end ) {
}
};
| RedPajamaGithub_8399385515653639511 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
This new Heart Shake Booster supplement is designed to be added to your daily IsaLean shake to help support a heart-healthy lifestyle.
It's super easy to use, and comes unflavored so it won't affect the taste of the already delicious Isalean shakes!
It's never been easier to help to support overall cardiovascular health. There are no additional pills or capsules to swallow: simply add a scoop to your shake and you are ready to go!
Plant Sterols are powerful phytonutrients found in most plant cell membranes. When you eat nuts, legumes and vegetables, you naturally obtain the health benefits of plant sterols, however you are only receiving these nutrients in small amounts.
Made from plant sterols and other science-supported ingredients, the Isagenix Heart Shake Booster is best used twice daily in your Isalean shake.
It has been designed to help people on the journey towards a heart-healthy lifestyle, and to assist in achieving and maintaining healthy blood cholesterol levels.
It is not intended to replace or be used as a substitute for medication. Please talk to your Doctor before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle.
Mix one scoop into your favorite Isalean shake 2 times per day. For Adults (over 18 years).
Support your heart-healthy lifestyle with this convenient and scentifically formulated shake booster. Order online directly from Isagenix today using the link below (we are an independent Isagenix Associate).
Who Benefits Most From Heart Shake Booster?
How Is Heart Shake Booster Used?
As plant sterols and their phytonutrients are assimilated better when consuming foods, Heart Shake Booster is best used as an addition to your already existing Isalean Shake system. In order to receive optimum benefits from the booster, mix one scoop of the powder into your meal replacement shake twice daily. Consuming this 2 times per day will help to ensure that you are getting the optimum levels of plant sterols.
Can I Use Heart Shake Booster If I Am On Cholesterol Medications?
As with any supplements, it is always strongly recommended to discuss them your medical practitioner first to make sure that there are no contra-indications when taking cholesterol or heart medications. Always check with your doctor before making changes to your diet or exercise program. The Heart Shake Booster provides 0.65g of plant sterols per serving (repeated twice a day). | RedPajamaC4_4127340170716631548 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
package org.n3r.idworker;
import org.n3r.idworker.strategy.DefaultWorkerIdStrategy;
public class Id {
private static WorkerIdStrategy workerIdStrategy;
private static IdWorker idWorker;
static {
configure(DefaultWorkerIdStrategy.instance);
}
public static synchronized void configure(WorkerIdStrategy custom) {
if (workerIdStrategy == custom) return;
if (workerIdStrategy != null) workerIdStrategy.release();
workerIdStrategy = custom;
workerIdStrategy.initialize();
idWorker = new IdWorker(workerIdStrategy.availableWorkerId());
}
public static long next() {
return idWorker.nextId();
}
public static long getWorkerId() {
return idWorker.getWorkerId();
}
}
| RedPajamaGithub_4577233584987629228 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Massachusetts restaurants allowed to seat 10 people per table and use bar seating starting Monday amid COVID-19 pandemic
Quinn's Irish Pub in Worcester reopened with outdoor dining on Monday.
Seating restrictions for restaurants issued in response to the coronavirus pandemic will be loosened starting Monday.
Gov. Charlie Baker announced last week that restaurants in the commonwealth would be permitted to expand seating to up to 10 people per table beginning Monday. Guidelines previously limited restaurants' seating to no more than six people per table.
Restaurants will now be able to use bar seating as well, though bars and nightclubs will stay closed. The governor also noted that patrons at restaurants' bars must sit in bar areas and not stand around bars.
The new rules apply to both indoor and outdoor seating. Tables must remain socially distanced at least 6 feet apart.
"We want to help restaurants use their space more effectively," Baker said. "The evidence from other states with respect to this issue is clear, restaurants can use bar seating for regular food service with appropriate distance in place."
Baker's announcement Wednesday was met with applause at Mill City BBQ and Brew in Lowell, where he was holding a press conference.
The COVID-19 public health crisis has proven particularly detrimental for the food service industry, with numerous restaurants and bars, including multiple beloved pubs in Boston, shutting down.
The governor's loosening of seating restrictions for restaurants marks a significant easing of strict social distancing rules, which have altered business' operations across Massachusetts and the United States as a whole.
However, the governor on Wednesday pointed out that "COVID is still with us" and that until a vaccine is developed or there is another medical breakthrough, officials have to work with the food service industry to ensure restaurants and other businesses remain safe.
The cities of Worcester and Boston have both decided to keep seating the stricter restaurant restrictions in place and have seating remain at six people per table.
As of Sunday, at least 128,426 residents in the commonwealth have tested positive for the coronavirus, according to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. The statewide death toll stands at 9,191, but when including probable cases, that number climbs to 9,404.
Massachusetts reports 594 new COVID cases, 13 more deaths Sunday, a day before state eases restaurant restrictions
Restaurants in Massachusetts can seat 10 people per table, use bar seating starting Sept. 28
'It's the survival of the fittest:' Massachusetts breweries innovate to stay afloat by adding outdoor space, expanding reach | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_7142675126170692444 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Tag Archives | Paterson
I Get Ink
By Roderick on December 14, 2019 0
[cross-posted at BHL, POT, and Facebook (1, 2, 3)]
A good thing just arrived by mail – a first edition of Francis Dashwood Tandy's 1896 free-market anarchist classic Voluntary Socialism, autographed by the author. And for only $25! Usually those go for over $400, even if not autographed. I've grossly exploited some online bookseller, and I'm fine with that.
Full disclosure: I'd intended this as a gift (I won't say for whom) but I've selfishly decided to keep it. (Tandy, as a Tuckerite egoist, would no doubt approve.)
"W. Irving Way" might be Washington Irving Way, founder of Way and Williams Publishers. (And he has an Oz connection.)
This Tandy volume is now one of my three favourite autographed-libertarian-classics-by-dead-authors in my possession. (I specify "dead authors" because if I own an autographed copy of one of YOUR works, dear reader, then naturally I cherish it far more. Possibly.)
The other two are this very pro-mercantile mediaeval-era historical novel by Isabel Paterson …
(The "John Farrar" to whom Paterson signs the book is presumably the one mentioned here.)
… and this copy of Gustave de Molinari's book on compulsory education:
(It's not by Napoleon III. It's just bound together with Molinari's book on Napoleon III, for no obvious reason. But the autograph occurs at the opening of the education book – a debate with Frederic Passy, who is incidentally useful as an answer to the trick trivia question "who was the first libertarian economist to win a Nobel Prize?" – a trick question because it wasn't the economics prize.) (I don't think the seller noticed it was autographed, since it's not at the beginning.)
I can't quite make out to whom Molinari has signed the book. First name Henry, but what is that last name? Logh?
(Sorry for title page blurring, but at least no autograph blurring.)
Paterson Lives!
By Roderick on October 18, 2012 0
Jeff Tucker on Isabel Paterson's God of the Machine.
More from Jeff Tucker on Isabel Paterson's God of the Machine.
Doug French on Isabel Paterson's God of the Machine.
Wendy McElroy on Isabel Paterson's Never Ask the End.
IMP in The American Conservative
By Roderick on May 5, 2009 9
Stephen Cox teaches conservatives about Isabel Paterson.
(Though it's a gentle introduction; Cox spares them the Paterson who attacked the corporate elite, condemned the U.S. for perverting science to "fry Japanese babies in atomic radiation," and told Ayn Rand that garden-variety collectivist ideas came from liberals and really godawful collectivist ideas from conservatives.)
Boring Review Now Online!
By Roderick on January 25, 2009 4
[cross-posted at Liberty & Power]
I've found another review of Isabel Paterson's The Shadow Riders – this one by Wilson Follett in the October 1916 Atlantic Monthly. (See my discussion of a previous review.) Follett says absolutely nothing of any interest in the review, but I've posted it anyway.
Anarchy on the Airwaves
By Roderick on November 14, 2008 8
Lew Rockwell interviewed me for a couple of brief podcasts this (Thursday) morning; the first one, on anarchism, is up now. (The second one, on the Giant Squid Menace, will be released when the public is ready for it ….)
The Memory of Shadows
By Roderick on August 17, 2008 1
I've been a fan of Lord Dunsany's haunting novel The Charwoman's Shadow since I was about nine. (I read it in the edition pictured at right – click on it to see more detail. The beautiful cover has not much to do with the book's contents [apart from the central figure's being deficient in shadow] but is inextricably associated for me with the story's feel – as well as with San Diego, which is where I was living when I first read it.)
But I only recently discovered and read the prequel, Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley. And although I can see why it's not as famous as its successor – it's just not in the same league artistically – it's still quite charming, and there are a number of references in The Charwoman's Shadow that one won't pick up on unless one has read Don Rodriguez first.
But to come to my topic – reading Don Rodriguez led me to speculate on the book's possible influence on Tolkien (who is known to have read some Dunsany). Now regular readers of my blog know that I tend to detect possible Tolkien sources everywhere (see here, here, and here), so take this for however little it may be worth, but ….
To begin with, the Rodriguez/Morano pair – the noble if sometimes hapless hero and his faithful, more practical, less high-minded servant – reminded me strongly of the Frodo/Samwise pair. I suspect Dunsany modeled the Rodriguez/Morano pair on the Quixote/Sancho pair (especially given the common setting of Renaissance Spain), but Rodriguez/Morano stand halfway between Quixote/Sancho and Frodo/Samwise, just as a blue triangle stands halfway between a red triangle and a blue square. In other words, if one continues developing Quixote/Sancho in the same direction that Dunsany did, one would plausibly end up with a pairing something like Frodo/Samwise.
But what most struck me was the following passage in which several characters are passing through a great forest, searching for the elusive Green Bowmen of Shadow Valley:
They passed afterwards by the old house in the wood, in which the bowmen feasted …. They knocked loud on the door as they passed but the house was empty. They heard the sound of a multitude felling trees, but whenever they approached the sound of chopping ceased. Again and again they left the track and rode towards the sound of chopping, and every time the chopping died away just as they drew close. They saw many a tree half felled, but never a green bowman. And at last they left it as one of the wonders of the forest and returned to the track lest they lose it, for the track was more important to them than curiosity, and evening had come and was filling the forest with dimness, and shadows stealing across the track were beginning to hide it away. In the distance they heard the invisible woodmen chopping. (Don Rodriguez, ch. 10.)
This passage should remind any Tolkien fan of the passage in The Hobbit when Bilbo and the dwarves are passing through Mirkwood and stumble off the track in search of the ever-disappearing wood-elves. (There's also a similar incident, though less directly so, in Tolkien's poem "The Sea Bell.")
I also wonder about the possible influence of Dunsany's 1922 Don Rodriguez on Isabel Paterson's 1924 novel The Singing Season: A Romance of Old Spain, which in addition to its similar milieu and similarly-named protagonist also contains Paterson's most Dunsanyesque prose. | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_5992493745990221794 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
January [Х]
St. John's Port Authority [Х]
St. John's Port Authority (2)
Administrative Tribunals Support Service of Canada (4)
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (15)
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (3)
Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board (1)
Canada Border Services Agency (55)
Canada Development Investment Corporation (3)
Canada GEN Investment Corporation (1)
Canada Revenue Agency (80)
Canada TMP Finance Ltd. (1)
Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (4)
Canadian Commercial Corporation (5)
Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (1)
Canadian Food Inspection Agency (24)
Canadian Human Rights Commission (3)
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (64)
Canadian Security Intelligence Service (24)
Canadian Transportation Agency (4)
Correctional Service of Canada (44)
Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (33)
Department of Finance Canada (126)
Elections Canada (7)
Employment and Social Development Canada (80)
Export Development Canada (3)
Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (3)
Fisheries and Oceans Canada (29)
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (141)
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (9)
Marine Atlantic Inc. (1)
Military Police Complaints Commission of Canada (4)
National Capital Commission (10)
National Defence (103)
National Energy Board (13)
Natural Resources Canada (64)
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (1)
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada (5)
Parks Canada (35)
Patented Medicine Prices Review Board Canada (1)
Prince Rupert Port Authority (1)
Public Health Agency of Canada (9)
Public Prosecution Service of Canada (4)
Public Service Commission of Canada (8)
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (61)
Shared Services Canada (9)
Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund (1)
Statistics Canada (7)
Transportation Safety Board of Canada (7)
Vancouver Fraser Port Authority (4)
Veterans Affairs Canada (17)
Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Board (1)
Organization: St. John's Port Authority | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_572666082000909509 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
İrem Helvacıoğlu (born 2 February 1990) is a Turkish actress. She is best known for her role in Sen Anlat Karadeniz as Nefes Kaleli.
Career
Helvacıoğlu was born on 2 February 1990 in Germany. Her family is originally from Ankara. Her father is a colonel in Turkish army. During the Ottoman Empire, her grandfather is of Albanian descent who immigrated from Thessaloniki. She took acting lessons at Müjdat Gezen Art Center and had her first role on stage at the age of 11. In 2014, she had her first cinematic experience with a role in the movie Aşkın Dili. She made her television debut with a supporting role in the TV series Behzat Ç. Bir Ankara Polisiyesi. She was later cast in popular series such as Muhteşem Yüzyıl, Kurtlar Vadisi Pusu and Güneşin Kızları. Meanwhile, she continued her career in cinema with leading roles Organik Aşk Hikâyeleri, Babası and Kızım ve Ben. In 2016, she portrayed the character of Pelin Su in the series No 309. She had her first leading role on TV in the series Sen Anlat Karadeniz, for which she won a Golden Butterfly Award with Ulaş Tuna Astepe as the Best TV Couple. In 2020, she was cast as the leading character in the series Seni Çok Bekledim and portrayed the character of Ayliz. In 2021, Helvacıoğlu went on to star as a leading character alongside Seçkin Özdemir in the romantic comedy Baş Belası, where she played crime psychologist Dr. İpek Gümüşçü. In 2022, she shared the leading role in the Disney+ series Kaçış with Engin Akyürek.
Filmography
References
External links
Living people
1990 births
Turkish film actresses
Turkish television actresses
Turkish people of Albanian descent
German film actresses
German television actresses
German people of Turkish descent
21st-century Turkish women artists | RedPajamaWikipedia_-2271090310051764136 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Jose P. and the "Stranger" - Incredible and Unbelievable story!
Home Podcast Jose P. and the "Stranger" – Incredible and Unbelievable story!
In this episode, we have one of our most popular and inspirational tapes in our archives. It is from an NA speaker named Jose P. If you do not have about thirty five to forty minutes of time available, it is probably best that you find another one of our awesome speakers, because this tape you will want to listen through until the end. It is one of the most amazing stories we have ever heard, and I promise, at some point your jaw is going to drop. This is inspirational, emotional, and powerful!
In our "Recovery Today" segment, we talk about whether it is necessary to make recovery your entire life when you get clean and sober, or if there is a way to have a good balance in life and still very active in recovery. Many people early in recovery can be overwhelmed and feel that their entire life will have to consist of going to meetings and participating in recovery events in order to be successful. We delve in to this subject and provide insight in to this common concern for those in the beginning stages of the recovery process.
We love hearing from you so feel free to comment here, or on our Facebook page, or Twitter page. Its an honor and a blessing to be a part of your recovery journey!
Odomtology 12 Step Recovery Media has earned a large following by providing only the best recovery material, and now it's available in podcast form. Odomtology lets hope and healing shine through by making great recovery material available for alcoholics and addicts. When we first launched, the internet was a different place. Now, to keep up with the changing times, we're offering material as a convenient podcast, so be sure to subscribe to always receive the latest episodes! | RedPajamaC4_-7446690631490257421 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Jordanus av Osnabrück, född omkring 1220 i Osnabrück, död där 15 april 1284, var en tysk statsvetare av den teologiska och historiska skolan, känd för sina teorier om "translatio imperii".
Med sin korta skrift De praerogativa Romani imperii bildade Jordanus teorin om den teokratiska monarkin av Det Heliga Romerska riket som spreds under hög- och senmedeltiden, och som kommit att kallas translatio imperii. Enligt Jordanus berodde den tysk-romerske kejsarens legitimitet på att hans kejsardöme bebådades i Gamla testamentet, hade emanerat ur Rom, och genom Karl den store var det den östliga delen av riket som var arvsberättigad makten. Han studie, som på alla sätt tillbakavisas bestämt av Inge Jonsson, föranleddes av de komplicerade relationerna mellan Frankrikes och Tysklands kungadömen.
Källor
Inge Jonsson, "Karl den store och Parisuniversitet", Vetenskapens träd : Idéhistoriska studier tillägnade Sten Lindroth, red. Gunnar Eriksson, Tore Frängsmyr och Magnus von Platen, Wahlström och Widstrand Stockholm 1974
Heinrich Koch, artikel i Biographish-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon Band III (1992)
Tyska filosofer
Födda 1220
Avlidna 1284
Män
Personer från Osnabrück | RedPajamaWikipedia_-6253225590445659030 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Comment Separation Processes. Extracting gold without cyanide. By Paul Grad . October 1, 2018. The first gold using a process without cyanide and without . New technologies can provide competitive advantages.
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Goodbye to Cyanide: Green Technique for Metals Separation .
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The technology he used is called placer mining but what may come as a surprise is that the technique has not evolved much over the last two centuries.
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After retiring from the high tech industry in San Diego, the couple moved to the . One of his first inventions is a gold separator and concentrator, which floats .. A1 . Published on August 19, 2016 . Last Modified on August 18, 2016 at 2:40 pm.
Nov 21, 2018 . New Mercury Free Mining Resource from UN ENvironment . some of the techniques in mercury free artisanal and small scale gold mining. . by a motor to agitate the material and aid in the separation of gold particles.
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Apr 18, 2017 . The new method uses ammonia cyanide leaching to extract gold and is a . so the separation of metal compounds is more efficient in comparison to the . The new technology reduced the cost of production by 30 40 per cent.
Oct 19, 2017 . The process used to extract gold is largely dependent upon the ore . air separation from the liquid contributes to air binding within the eye of the impeller. . through the on going development of new and improved reagents,.
. of separating particles of greater specific gravity (especially gold) from soil or . of the principal techniques of the individual prospector for recovering gold and.
Gravity separation equipment for alluvial gold mining and mineral separation. . Our technology is chemical free and allows you to run your business in a way.
Gold extraction refers to the processes required to extract gold from its ores. This may require a combination of comminution, mineral processing, hydrometallurgical, and pyrometallurgical processes to be performed on the ore. Gold mining from alluvium ores was once achieved by techniques . By suspending the crushed ore in a cyanide solution, a separation of up to.
Following the discovery of platinum in the Viceroyalty of New Granada at the beginning of the 18th Century, its use to degrade gold forced the colonial. | RedPajamaC4_3590864164011447068 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Police video shows officer pepper spraying Maryland girl, 15
By DAVID DISHNEAU, HAGERSTOWN, Md. (AP) 09/18 — Police in Maryland released body-camera video late Wednesday that shows an officer pepper-spraying a 15-year-old girl inside a police cruiser until she complies with orders to move her feet so that they can close the door.
Hagerstown Police Capt. Paul Kifer said the officer had to subdue her so that they could drive her to the police station after she tried to leave the scene where her bicycle collided with a car on Sunday.
The video shows the white officers repeatedly trying to question the mixed-race girl and get contact information for her parents, in part to authorize her refusal to receive medical treatment from the paramedics who responded to the accident. She repeatedly refuses, swears and struggles to get free.
"All we want to do is make sure she's OK," one officer tells a concerned bystander.
The family's attorney, Robin Ficker, said the girl was briefly knocked unconscious by the collision, but had recovered by the time officers arrived, about five minutes later. The girl shows no visible injuries in the videos and tells the officers she wasn't hurt.
Ficker said the police videos clearly show the officers overreacted.
"This is a grab from the get-go. It's aggression from the get-go," the lawyer said.
"If someone has been knocked out and then wants to go home, instead of going with strangers, and then is grabbed physically by some huge guy and her hands shoved up behind her back so it's painful — this is not a gentle, 'Here, sit here, we want to talk to you about this, call your parents,'" he observed.
Ficker said the girl has a white mother and black father. Kifer declined to identify them or their daughter, citing privacy concerns.
On the nearly 15 minutes of police body camera recordings, the girl can be seen and heard becoming hysterical as she's being detained. Finally, two officers cuff the girl's hands behind her back and hold her down by her shoulders as they tell her to stop resisting.
"Get off of me, stop touching me!" she screams, and an officer responds, "I'm not going to stop touching you, because you wanted to leave."
"We're trying to help you," one officer says, explaining that they need to contact her parents, since she's a minor. She refuses to give them more information, saying she will get in trouble.
Finally, two officers pick her up by the shoulders and legs. She kicks one of their body cameras, stopping the recording, the department explained. A second officer's recording then shows her continuing to resist as they put her in the cruiser.
"Put your feet in, you're going to get sprayed," an officer says. Another tells other officers, "I'll just spray her if you want to step back." He then sprays for several seconds through the partially open window as another officer shuts the door.
The girl then coughs and screams, "I can't breathe."
Kifer said investigators determined the girl was to blame for the collision. In the video, the car's driver tells an officer that she rode through a red light and points out several scratches on his car door.
She was charged as a juvenile with assault and disorderly conduct, as well as failure to obey a traffic device and marijuana possession.
Ficker, retained by the mother, posted a bystander's cell phone video of the arrest on social media Tuesday before the police video was released.
"This little girl, 5 ft. 105 lbs, was brutalized by Hagerstown police after, she, on her bike, was hit by a car, but refused medical treatment. They slammed her against a wall, arrested her for refusing treatment, maced her 4 times in the police car while handcuffed, and took her to the police station instead of the hospital!" Ficker posted on Facebook.
Kifer denied that the girl was slammed against a wall; it's not clear from the police video.
Ficker told The Associated Press that her father did take her to a hospital after picking her up at the station. Ficker said she was treated and released with sprained muscles and soreness everywhere, including her wrists from being handcuffed.
"I think the soreness is not caused by the car so much as it was caused by the police," he said.
https://www.apnews.com/search/Police%20video%20shows%20officer%20pepper%20spraying%20Maryland%20girl,%2015
Posted in: Non-Lethal Alternatives, Police, Tactics, Use of Force
14 + twenty = | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_8896112274832689764 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
[. . .] The current revenues of $26 billion are expected to rise to $36 billion by 2012, continuing a trajectory of 13% growth from the past several years (The Economist, 2010). This is significantly faster than the growth in the remainder of the industry, which has stagnated during the economic downturn (The Economist, 2010). However, the online gaming industry is not known for rapid growth or innovation; the majority of innovation that occurs is limited to back-end processing and management activities, with most firms retaining known games and gambling activities in their front-facing operations (The Economist, 2010).
The top ten online gambling sites according to Alexa rankings are shown below, along with their daily traffic rates. Although this is not directly connected to the revenues grossed (which is often unavailable due to many firms being private), it does allow for understanding the size and scope of the industry. (State lotteries and sites of primarily offline lotteries have been excluded from this list, because these sites do not represent online gambling.) All sites except for one (Free Lotto) showed a primarily male audience aged 25-34, which confirms the academic research discussed above in regard to the demographic characteristics of the industry's customers. The majority of these sites also showed increasing visitors during the past three months, which is consistent with arguments that the interest in online gambling is increasing (The Economist, 2010). Ultimately, however, these sites do not generally rank as any of the top sites, and receive extremely small portions of overall Internet traffic, showing that online gambling is still a minority pursuit among Internet users.
In order to consider competition and strategy issues, two common strategic frameworks have been considered for this industry. The five forces model of competition identifies five underlying conflicts that can determine the competitive environment of a given industry (Porter, 1998). The Ansoff matrix identifies the ways in which a firm can compete given its current marketing environment (Meldrum & McDonalds, 2007). These two frameworks have been used to compare the potential for outcomes within this industry, as well as consider the competitive conditions the industry operates under.
The five forces competitive framework considers five elements of competition, including buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute products, threat of new entrants, and overall competition within the industry, to determine where a given industry's competitive position is. The five forces model is shown in the figure below.
The online gambling industry acts as a service provider for an intangible service and as such is a primary supplier; the supplier power levied by providers of support technologies is negligible.
The buyer power, on the other hand, is extremely high, due to lack of effective marketing strategies (discussed below) as well as broad choice of substitute products.
Threat of substitute products is encompassed in the division of the gambling industry into online and offline components and the fierce competition from land-based competitors (as discussed below).
Given the low entrance barriers and the number of jurisdictions that allow registration of online gambling companies, the threat of new entrants is high.
With a large worldwide market and a large number of mostly small competitors, the overall industry environment of the online gambling industry is very competitive, but it is not dominated by a single company or set of companies.
The second tool used to understand the industry is the Ansoff matrix, which identifies opportunities for market growth in a given industry (Meldrum & McDonalds, 2007). The Ansoff matrix identifies four market growth opportunities based on characteristics including new or existing products and new or existing markets (Meldrum & McDonalds, 2007). The figure below shows the Ansoff matrix and its relationship to product and market development. As will be discussed, the online gambling industry does not tend to innovate on products it offers consumers, instead sticking to known games and betting opportunities (The Economist, 2010). Furthermore, there is little evidence that the industry goes out of its way to seek out new markets, instead relying on existing gamblers for new customers (LaBrie, Kaplan, LaPlante, Nelson, & Shaffer, 2008). This indicates that the product strategy most consistent with the industry is market penetration using a new distribution channel.
In addition to general competition, there are a number of potential dangers within the online gambling industry that can affect how well individual firms operate, as well as the industry as a whole. Many of these challenges, as with the land-based gambling industry, are related to organized crime (McMullan & Rege, 2010). McMullan and Rege (2010) have found evidence of different levels of organized crime syndicates at work in the online gambling arena.
Some of the criminal activities found in the gambling industry included hackers and malware that steals players' financial information, inside theft of data by the companies and their employees, phishing and identity fraud, and money laundering (McMillen, 2000; McMullan & Rege, 2010; McMullan & Rege, 2007; Schopper, 2002). This is a significant concern and one that has led to much stricter regulation than might have otherwise been seen had the industry not been such a significant target for abuse.
Marketing in the online gambling industry is inherently problematic. It is governed by the marketing rules of other gambling practices, which are routinely highly restricted and must comply with government requirements (Zangeneh, Griffiths, & Parke, 2008). Of particular concern is the impact of gambling marketing on children and adolescents, who do not possess the critical thinking faculties of adults and thus may be excessively influenced by marketing (Monaghan, Derevensky, & Sklar, 2008). The problem with management of gambling advertisements is that it is difficult to directly target consumers that may be appropriate targets (such as adults that are not problem gamblers) while still avoiding targeting marketing to underage individuals and other unsuitable targets (Monaghan, Derevensky, & Sklar, 2008). However, marketing also provides governments with revenues (through taxes and in some cases, such as lotteries, direct revenues from the game sales) (Zangeneh, Griffiths, & Parke, 2008). Thus, there is a conflict in achieving effective marketing for online gambling practices, which has impeded its general development. There are further problems in online marketing of gambling, particularly the issue of cross-border laws regarding gambling marketing and the technological challenges of restricting marketing activities from specific jurisdictions based on those laws (Hornle & Zammit, 2010). Given these conditions, it is perhaps not surprising that many online gambling sites do not engage in significant non-Internet marketing, choosing instead to stay with traditional Internet-based marketing techniques such as site optimization, keyword search and banner advertisements, and word of mouth or viral marketing techniques (Wesley & Barczak, 2010).
"Internet Gambling: Consumers, Industry." 8 May 2011. Web. 22 April 2019. <https://www.essaytown.com/subjects/paper/internet-gambling-consumers-industry/9818453>.
"Internet Gambling: Consumers, Industry." Essaytown.com. May 8, 2011. Accessed April 22, 2019. | RedPajamaC4_320531043060420436 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Will growth of shared mobility make people more willing to share their own cars?
This originally appeared at Mobility Lab.
As many as 95 percent of trips in big cities could be shared with no more than a 5-minute inconvenience for riders, according to a recent report co-authored by Carlo Ratti of MIT's SENSEable City Lab.
Back in 2010, the Albany Times Union did some interesting reporting to delve into why New York State residents seemed incapable adopting a sharing mindset when it comes to driving. (Granted, 2010 was before the Uber craze, but even that kind of ride-hailing more often has a taxi feel than a carpooling one.) The paper's own surveying found very few people carpooling and this articlegives a range of the unlimited excuses people can make for their lack of enthusiasm about sharing.
In conversations about mobility these days, sharing is understood as a necessary part of the solution for fixing overwhelming demand on transportation systems. Even (and especially) car companies are beginning to lean heavily on shared rides or shared vehicles as an important component in their future share of the transportation market.
While one kind of shared mobility question may still remain – will people eventually grow accustomed to sharing their private vehicles? – sharing a common, company-owned vehicle does seem to have a growing place.
Walter Rosenkrantz, senior business-development manager at car2go, itself owned by German automaker Daimler, spoke at the Association for Commuter Transportation's Public Policy Summitlast week in Washington, D.C. (which Mobility Lab co-sponsored).
"Carsharing has exploded. It's kind of here to stay. The more there is out there, the more personal vehicles are going to be shared. Pretty soon it's not going to make sense to have a car. It's just going to be easier to get around without a car, so why have one?"
The numbers indeed look impressive. Car2go's membership surpassed 2 million in 2016. But looking more closely, those are global numbers, and people in the U.S. haven't always behaved like those in other countries, especially when it comes to transportation. In fact, carsharing revenue in North America is expected to drop – given faster growth in international markets – to just 23 percent of the global total by 2024. And numbers for projected U.S. growth in carsharing can be difficult to come by.
Further, think anecdotally. When I have conversations with residents of the D.C. region and mention the concept of sharing – even in a place as traffic-clogged as the nation's capital, where there are tons of alternatives to driving alone – I get blank stares. They may as well be saying to me, "I spent $30,000 for my nice car, why would I let someone else tag along on my commute?"
Surprisingly, it appears we have little understanding regarding the fundamental question of whether or not people are even willing to share their own vehicles in the first place.
And if people are willing to share, is that number going up or down? Does "shared mobility" include being in a small, non-transit vehicle with strangers? The pieces of the sharing economy and shared mobility that are working fabulously – AirBnB for home rentals, bikesharing – are not shared at the same time but rather used continuously.
"I'm not sure people think about their transportation [as shared resources]" said the Shared-Use Mobility Center's Sharon Feigon, who also presented at ACT's conference. "People join carsharing programs when their car is broken down, they have a major break up [in a relationship], or have just moved to a new city. They try it as temporary thing and it ends up working for them."
She's right: it often takes a major life change to get people to think about not just sharing, but the overall way that they move around. A brief survey from PricewaterhouseCoopers found that, in 2015, only 44 percent of U.S. adults were familiar with the sharing economy. More specifically:
According to our data, 8 percent of all adults have participated in some form of automotive sharing. 1 percent have served as providers under this new model, chauffeuring passengers around or loaning out their car by the hour, day or week. Of all the categories we examined, this is the one in which consumers would most like to see the sharing economy succeed.
Today, many people simply don't share their vehicles, for any number of reasons, despite the emergence of some rental-like services like GetAround. But there is hope, because even though nobody wants to share their cars, they all want other people to share their cars.
"Unless you raise parking prices or make it prohibitively difficult to drive, you can't change the balance," Feigon added. "[The Shared-Use Mobility Center is] not fixated on whether people do or don't like to share. There is something healthy about it, given the rise of [sprawl- and auto-driven] loneliness, and land use that promotes pedestrian activity is inherently social and also involves physical activity. Setting up the conditions for that is really good.
"In my own experiences, taking the train, I catch up with people I know. And you don't have to deal with anybody if you don't want to. [Taking transit or sharing] can make you more accepting of different kinds of people," she said.
Other than focusing on people who are making major life changes, one demographic Feigon suggested could be ripe for more sharing is women with school-age children, who drive the most of any category of people and make lots of short trips that conflict with the poor ways we've designed our communities.
"That was not the biggest category of drivers 50 years ago," she laughed.
We often hear how technology alone won't change behavior; rather, it takes true willingness of people. But with getting people to share, technology may currently be a helpful motivator.
Along with that hope, it's a safe bet that more research about the willingness of people to share and, specifically, what could make them share seats in their own cars, is equally critical.
Photo, top: car2go cars parked outside of a light rail station in Austin, Texas (Lars Plougmann, Flickr, Creative Commons).
Labels: Mobility Lab, Sharing Economy, Transportation
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Covid-19 in Leicester: 'racism fears' let sweatshops go unchecked
Posted by admin978 on July 12, 2020 · Leave a Comment
According to a front page story in today's Sunday Times, senior ministers believe that police and local authorities – concerned above all to avoid allegations of 'racism' – allowed blatant abuses in Leicester's garment industry. Poor working conditions in the city's 'sweatshops' have been blamed for a new outbreak of the Covid-19 virus, forcing a renewed Leicester lockdown.
The Home Secretary is said to have argued that "police and other government agencies have turned a blind eye to exploitation in Leicester's textile warehouses and factories in the same way as the grooming scandal in Rotherham was ignored for years."
Sunday Times journalists were briefed by a source close to the Home Office who said: "This scandal has been hiding in plain sight and there are concerns cultural sensibilities could be in part to blame for why these appalling working practices haven't been properly investigated."
Boohoo co-founders Mahmud Kamani (above, far left) and Carol Kane (second right) with rapper Snoop Dogg and Kamani's son Samir
Many of these sweatshops are said to work for the highly successful bargain fashion brand Boohoo, which buys about 80% of all clothing produced in the Leicester area. The billionaire owners of Boohoo are the Kenyan Asian Kamani family, who came to north-west England in the late 1960s and started selling handbags on a Manchester market stall.
In partnership with designer Carol Kane, who started working with the Kamanis in Manchester in 1993, Boohoo was launched in 2006, targeting girls in their teens and early 20s who were looking for fashion bargains. It also operates the brand PrettyLittleThing and in 2017 bought the American retailer Nasty Gal.
£1bn has been wiped off the company's share value in the past week, following belated revelations about Leicester working practices.
Filed under British News, Coronavirus, Economy, In The News · Tagged with | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_-172243983580898591 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
The two officers involved in the fatal shooting of Alton Sterling on Monday have been investigated — and cleared — five times between them in their collective seven years working for the Baton Rouge police department, the New Orleans Advocate reported on Thursday.
The Advocate also reported, citing an unidentified source, that it was Salamoni who shot and killed Sterling after pinning him to the ground outside a local convenience store. Police have said that Salamoni and Howie Lake II were investigating a report identifying Sterling as the person threatening passers-by with a gun, but footage of the shooting runs counter to their argument that the victim had a gun in his hand when he was shot.
Lake, who has been with the department since 2013, has been investigated twice for excessive force in connection with two incidents in 2014. In August, he was accused of injuring a 15-year-old boy while arresting him. Lake was also investigated in connection with the shooting that December of 28-year-old Kevin Knight, who opened fire on Lake and other officers after crashing his car during a pursuit. Knight survived the incident.
Both officers have also received several commendations during their tenures. The New Orleans Advertiser reported that they received a "life saving" award this past April. | RedPajamaC4_-3546191938566274974 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Also referred to as the "the high Calabrian Ionian coast", between Cape Spulico to the north and and Cape Trionto to the south, the Coast of the Achaeans is one of Calabria's coastal areas highest archeological importance, thanks to the presence of many excavation areas located mainly in the large plain of Sybaris.
The Coast of the Achaeans, a clear reference to the presence in the area of the Achaean's ancient colony of Sybaris, is approximately 150 Km of coastline in the plain of Sybaris, embraced by the mighty mountains of the Pollino Massif to the north and the last buttresses Sila Greca south, and crossed by a myriad of streams of torrential character.
The beaches surmounted by the massive Pollino, offer a spectacular backdrop. The whole area of the Plain of Sybaris is affected by excavations that have allowed to recover valuable evidence of the past.
One of the most importants are the ancient Cossa in the locality known as Paludi (swamps) the site of indigenous Enotri of Francavilla Marittima, and Greek colony of magno-greco in Sybaris.
Rocca Imperiale, with almost 7 km of golden sand beach, alternating with rocks, pebbles, is just 4 km from the historical center, and is preferred destination for tourists.
Historically significant is the massive warehouse, built in 1731 by Duke Fabio Crivelli, a testimony of the maritime and commercial importance of Rocca Imperiale, and the Torre di Guardia (watch-tower dating from the sixteenth century.
Roseto is known for the "Castrum Petrae Roseti," a fortified imposing castle dating back to Norman times overlooking the sea.
Sybaris is among the most known location on the Coast . Home to numerous resorts offering numerous activities and services.
The fine sand alternate, every few miles, with gravel and stones; local characteristic near the sea are the cool pine forests.
Other PoI in the area are : Sibari's lakes, Schiavonea and Rossano Scalo, with the great and famous water park resort in Zolfara, the historic factory Amarelli licorice and its museum.
By car - SS106 Ionica - A3 Salerno - Reggio Calabria motorway.
By train - Stazione di Sibari - Distanze 4 Km.
Accomodations - 163 structures, 32,007 beds. | RedPajamaC4_6268947990030132628 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
01 Jul 2022 4:12 PM +00:00 UTC
WB Reportedly Reveals Reason Why The Flash Film Can't be Canceled
The real reason why WB is determined to release The Flash reportedly revealed.
By Bri Constantino
Credit: WB
The Ezra Miller drama continues to heat up as the actor is currently facing new allegations in relation to his violent behavior. Multiple "victims" have come out to testify against the 29-year-old star who is reportedly being hunted down by authorities at the moment.
For months, Warner Bros. and DC Films have maintained their silence regarding the matter but several reports surfaced over the last couple of weeks claiming that Ezra's DC Extended Universe career is done.
However, despite the backlash, WB is still determined to release The Flash next year and the possible reason behind it has reportedly been revealed.
According to a report from Variety which is centered on Ezra's victim from the viral 2020 choking incident, WB is still committed to releasing the film despite all of the negative publicity the project has been getting, all thanks to the lead star's behavior off-camera.
The outlet says that the studio can't afford to give The Flash a direct-to-HBO Max release, potentially re-shoot Miller's scenes with a new actor, or even scrap the film altogether simply because they've invested a ton of money on the project.
Also Read: Ezra Miller's Victim from 2020 Choking Incident Breaks Her Silence
When you think about it, WB's reported reason does make a ton of sense, especially from a business standpoint. However, as Ezra's personal troubles become more public, the actor's image is getting a lot more tainted. It's also quite evident that the fan interest surrounding the film has significantly decreased and truth be told, we don't even know if it will actually live up to its box office potential.
The Flash is currently scheduled for release on June 23, 2023.
Shazam! Fury of the Gods Sets Unexpected Milestone for Rachel Ziegler
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John Muir Clock | Photograph | Wisconsin Historical Society
John Muir Clock
Photograph of clock made by John Muir while a student at the University of Wisconsin in 1860. Children are looking at the John Muir clock in the museum at The State Historical Society. John Muir (1838-1914) was America's most famous and influential naturalist and conservationist. He is one of California's most important historical personalities. He has been called "The Father of our National Parks," "Wilderness Prophet," and "Citizen of the Universe."
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Q: Using CoreData with an object? this is a beginner's question: Every tutorial I've seen on CoreData focusses on database-backed storage. They all start out with drawing an object model with relationships and whatnot.
But my app will be like a simple drawing app, think Illustrator light or OmniGraffle. I have an object in memory for the page and then several child object for the drawn elements. How would you use CoreData for this?
I don't need finished code just pointers or ideas.
Thank you!
A: Every program design starts (or should start) with the data model. The data model stores not only the data for the program but the logical relationships between pieces of data. The data model is the guts of the program and everything else is one or more interfaces that displays the data model in some manner.
Take the example of a simple drawing program that draws polygons. Logically, the program would start with a document. In core data this would be represented by a document entity in the data model and probably a NSManagedObject subclass. The document in turn would contain (relationship) one or more pages. The pages would also have an entity and a subclass. The pages would hold data about a physical page such as margins, footers, headers etc. A page would also hold the polygons. Each poly entity-subclass would hold have the information necessary to draw the polygon e.g. the points of the vertices.
As the user drew, the controller layer would convert the commands and screen positions into data in the data model and then back out again as needed.
There are many advantages to using core data to build the data model.
*
*Core data automatically manages very complex logically relationships that are hard to track by hand.
*It creates an automatic undo system
*It makes it easier to transfer data (drawing in this case) between different parts of the program or to export subpart of a drawing.
*It decouples the data from any particular interface. For example, you could output a drawing to LaTex or flash simply by writing another controller.
*It makes it easy to script the application. Simply have the script interface programmatically with the data model instead of the user interface.
It is my understanding the Omnigraffle is based on Core Data so if you want an app like that Core Data is definitely the way to go.
A: Core Data requires defining a model of your object graph whether you're using a persistent store or an in-memory store. You should definitely read the Core Data Programming Guide.
| RedPajamaStackExchange_7135259506231488235 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Yes. Power over ethernet (POE) will only power the unit so long as there is enough voltage to power the unit at the end of the cable run.
The maximum distance you can power a device will vary depending on the access point and its voltage required, as well as the voltage provided by the power supply, and the quality of the cable. Cat6 cable is recommended for long POE runs.
For passive POE you should use a 24V power supply. 24V passive POE will power an OM series AP up to about 50 meters or 100-150 feet.
48V 802.3af standard POE can usually go about 100 meters/300 feet.
Legacy Open Mesh: What Is the Difference Between the 12 Volt and 24 Volt Power Supply?
Legacy Open Mesh: How Does PoE Work? | RedPajamaC4_-4281892074289643327 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Corndale Farm, Northern Ireland's free range pork chorizo specialist, was established in 2012 by Alastair Crown, with the aim of producing top–quality pork products from his herd of rare–breed, free–range pigs.
Located 20 minutes outside Derry City in the picturesque area of Myroe, Alastair is producing two varieties of chorizo, original and chilli, the first handmade chorizo in Northern Ireland.
In March 2017, Corndale launched a Tuscan–style sausage product. The Tuscan–style sausage is produced from free range pork from the farm's saddleback pigs blended with fennel, garlic, coriander, nutmeg, cayenne, oregano, salt, black pepper and chopped, sundried tomatoes.
The pork comes from his herd of around 60 saddleback pigs which are free to graze the fertile farmland around his small holding in county Derry and processed nearby in a modern and EU approved factory unit.
In May 2017, Corndale launched a range of sliced products for greater convenience including 110g packs with 12 slices RRP £5 and in February 2018, a Tuscan styled salami. | RedPajamaC4_3057515088184359648 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Why can't we use Rustom-I for that role for small area ops, armed with APKWS rockets can become a game changer. Even Porkis use Burraq armed with 2 ATGMS each. Porkis are buying 48 WingLoong-II considering the experience of other countries I don't think Porkis will get low quality ones as these will be used against India so China will not sell low quality wingloongs like it did to other nations which were crashing every fucking day. Our UCAV capability needs a boost as it will decide fate of war as our Kamikaze drones can take our long range and medium range SAM's easily. But again indigenous systems hardly get order.
L&T Drone can be armed with APKWS a great platform.
Reactions: NAMICA, SKC, ezsasa and 4 others
L&T Drone can be armed with APKWS a great platform
Is there any actually prototype ? Or its just on drawing board. As far as ik its in very early development stages. Anyway i agree with Rustom-I part why we aren't using it is not something i can think. It has issues but those can be fixed.
Reactions: Killbot
N4tsula67 said:
No it doesn't have issues, it is completely matured tech, IAF didn't buy it because of its small size and less range.
Then why IAF want amreekk Mini UAV for lease now. Do IAF too have phoren maal syndrome?
Hand held Raven UAV is different from Rustom-I.
Shame we can't even make Rustom-II on time.
Reactions: SKC, Floydian and N4tsula67
Seriously we don't even have handheld version of rustom-i. We have a small handheld prototype of Ghatak then I'm pretty sure we can make handheld Rustom too.
Reactions: FalconSlayers
Which Indian drone do we have operational? Ghatak has first fligh scheduled for 2025, Rustom-II is still in testing far from production.
Reactions: N4tsula67
USD 51 BN ORDERS LIKELY TO BE EXECUTED BY NAVY FOR SURFACE SHIPS SUBMARINES IN 10 YRS GOVT
Panaji: Union Minister of State for Defence Shripad Naik on Friday said expected orders for surface ships and submarines to be executed from 2020 to 2030 by the Indian Navy are to the tune of USD 51 billion.
Naik was addressing a virtual meet on opportunities at Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) and Mazagao Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDSL), organised by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
The union minister said that more than 60 per cent of the Indian Navy's budget is dedicated to capital expenditure and nearly 70 per cent of this capital budget has been spent on indigenous sourcing, amounting to nearly Rs. 66,000 crore in the last five years.
He said that with more than 60 major surface and sub-surface platforms being built for mainly the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard at Goa Shipyard Limited, Mazagon Docks Shipbuilders Limited, Garden Reach Shipbuilder and Engineers (GRSE), Hindustan Shipyards Limited (HSL) and Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), the potential for MSMEs is vast.
Naik said "expected orders for surface ships and submarines to be executed from 2020 to 2030 are to the tune of USD 51 billion".
Speaking during the event, CII Goa State Council Chairman Blaise Costabir said that with India's maritime interests growing at a fast pace in line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of a USD 5 trillion economy by 2025, the country's shipbuilding will see increased focus and demand.
The country's vast coastline and the evolving geopolitical situation in India's neighbourhood has also put a greater thrust on maritime safety and security, he added.
Chairman and Managing Director of GSL said the defence shipbuilding sector will continue to see robust growth.
There was 9.3 per cent growth in the defence budget in 2019-20, he said and added that the country expects to see the same trend for the next 10 years.
Panaji: Union Minister of State for Defence Shripad Naik on Friday said expected orders for surface ships and submarines to be executed fro...
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Beautiful 360 degree video of INS Vikramaditya. Flight deck, Bridge, Internal Hanger, Bakery, Gym, Museum etc
Comparison between Indian Rustom-1 vs Turkish Bakhtiyar Tb2
Rustom-1 Bakhtiyar-Tb2
Length 5.12m 6.5m
Wingspan 7.9m 12m
MTOW 720kg 650kg
Max/Cruise Speed 225kmph/125-175kmph 220kmph/130kmph
Communication range 250km 150km
Service ceiling 22,000ft 27,500ft
Endurance 12-15hrs 24hrs
Payload 90kg 150kg
Powerplant 150hp 100hp
I have seen picture of Rustom-1 with twin ATGM launcher. Bakhtiyar TB2(UCAV) is a improved version of Bakhtiyar 1.
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Prashant12
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Prashant12 said:
View attachment 68165View attachment 68165
With addition of folding blades and tail boom, naval version of Dhruv can fulfill Navy's NUH requirement.
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Indian MoD Signed A Contract With Turkey's TAIS Shipyards For 5 Fleet Support Vessels
The TAIS consortium, in partnership with HSL, won the Indian Ministry of Defence's tender to design and build five FSVs (also known as Fleet Support Ship – FSS) for the Indian Navy in May 2019, but the contract was significantly delayed for cost and political reasons, including the Indian authorities' dissatisfaction with Turkey's active military and technical cooperation with Pakistan.
Prior to the selection of the Turkish TAIS project, HSL offered the Indian Navy to build FSVs in partnership with South Korea's Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI), but eventually the HHI proposal was rejected by the Indian authorities for cost reasons.
The value of the contract signed back in February is 160 billion rupees (about $2.1 billion). The supply vessels will be built by HSL with the assistance of Turkish shipyards.
The TAIS consortium includes Turkish shipbuilding companies Anadolu Shipyard (ADiK, lead developer of the project), Istanbul Shipyard, Sedef Shipyard and Selah Shipyard. The construction of the first FSV is to begin at HSL in Visakhapatnam at the end of 2020 with the delivery to the Indian fleet in 2024, with the remaining four units to be delivered at 10-month intervals.
The TAIS consortium, in partnership with HSL, won the Indian Ministry of Defence's tender to design and build five FSVs (also known as Fleet Support Ship – FSS) for the Indian Navy in May 2019, but the contract was significantly delayed for cost and political reasons, including the Indian...
www.defencenews.in
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Cruise missile
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The very first MH-60 Romeo for Indian Navy. Will be revealed on Navy Day.
3 Romeos are coming to India this year.
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INDIA TEST-FIRES ANTI-SHIP NAVAL VERSION OF BRAHMOS, WEEK AFTER TESTING LAND-ATTACK VERSION: REPORT
The supersonic cruise missile, according to the report, was test-fired from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands territory as part of the trials being conducted by the Indian Navy
Continuing with its recent tests of BrahMos, India on Tuesday test-fired an anti-ship version of the supersonic cruise missile, news agency ANI reported quoting sources. The missile, reported ANI, was test-fired from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands territory as part of the trials being conducted by the Indian Navy.
"During the test held around 0925 hours, the DRDO-developed BrahMos supersonic cruise missile with a strike range of 300 km was launched from the Indian Navy's INS Ranvijay and it successfully hit its target ship near the Car Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal," it further quoted sources as saying.
This latest test comes as a part of a series of tests carried out by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in the last two months. On November 24, a land-attack version of BrahMos was test-fired, also from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands territory. The missile had "successfully" hit its target, located on another island, in a test that was carried out by the Indian Army.
The recent missile tests come in the backdrop of ongoing tensions with China across the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh, which started in May and intensified in the subsequent months. There has also been a spate of ceasefire violations by Pakistan across the Line of Control (LoC) in recent days and a fighter jet of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) was reportedly spotted near the LoC on Monday.
Jointly developed by the DRDO and Russia's NPO Mashinostroyeniya, BrahMos is the world's fastest supersonic cruise missile. A missile which can be launched from submarines, ship, aircraft or land, BrahMos is also the fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation. A hypersonic version, called BrahMos-II, is currently under development.
The name 'BrahMos' has been derived from India's Brahmaputra and Russia's Moskva rivers.
A file photo of the naval BrahMos supersonic cruise missile being test fired from INS Chennai The supersonic cruise missile, according to th...
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Arihant Roy said:
Why wait for Navy Day.
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BlackViking
Can anyone tell me which variant of MiG 29 is used by Indian navy?
BlackViking said:
MiG-29K Fulcrum and MiG-29KUB Fulcrum. | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_1969016946594147710 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Posted by Dianne in Nevada on April 17, 2013 at 1:33pm in Open area -- discuss anything you want. Start a topic? Sure!
Here's a spot where Campers can post photos and share what they've learned in the workshops, so those who aren't here with us can share the experience.
dianne we so are going to have to say at least a night longer next year!
All that we learned, felt, experienced it truly was a gift!
I'm very new here. What is the Plan A and the Plan B speech? If I'm missing a post, please point me in the right direction. I lost my husband three years ago and I could certainly use a new approach.
It was from this past weekend at Camp Widow. I believe some ladies may have recorded it. Not sure.
Welcome Hatshepsut. Yes, the speech being referenced is Michele Neff Hernandez's keynote address at Camp Widow East in Myrtle Beach last weekend. She's an amazing speaker ... every one of her keynotes that I've heard has been inspirational.
I missed most of this speech, but I believe the reference to Plan A and Plan B was basically this: Our Plan A was what we saw for our future life before we experienced our loss. We grieve the loss of what our future was supposed to hold right along with grieving the physical loss of our loved one. Plan B is what we need to come up with now that we can't have our Plan A. We can still have a full and beautiful life ... it just can't be the life we originally envisioned with our loved one. Fully realizing that is hard, but so very important. It will allow you to think of things that you used to want to do but didn't have the time to do when busy with your spouse and job and kids, etc. Recall those little things and do them. Write them down. Check them off a list. Perhaps some will no longer appeal to you. But you may find something that you feel passionate about, something that will fill those extra hours in your days, something that gives you purpose, something that provides that first step toward your Plan B.
Actually, Michele said that you don't need a plan B, you can have another Plan A that will be different than your original Plan A, but every bit as wonderful. There is no reason to settle for Plan B. You need to go out and make a new Plan A that is the best and greatest life (in whatever sense) you can have - not less, just different. You do not need to settle.
Thanks much, Liz! I should have had the patience to wait for someone who actually heard Michele's speech to explain what it was for Hatshepsut - duh!
I agree that Michele's keynote, Plan A not Plan B speech was inspirational and was one of my favourite parts of the weekend. I also loved meeting everyone in person. The walk on the beach was wonderful and I agree that Kellie Lynn's presentation was hilarious.
I think the CWE banquet dance floor crasher from the wedding reception deserves a special shout out - apparently we widows know how to party!
That man was HILARIOUS! I couldn't stop laughing!
I agree! The party crasher certainly was ... ummm ... entertaining ... a rather unique dance style. I figured he heard our music and then heard it was a room full of widows and he just HAD to join us.
Camp Widow was amazing. Intense, and at times hard, but overall, amazing. There were so many wonderful things, like meeting people from this forum, and new folks, attending workshops, the beautiful setting, being able to laugh, and dance...and cry...but one of the biggest things was the TLC that I got from all of the organizers and the attendees there. It made me realize how much I needed it, how good it felt to be cared for. Because it was so special to go, a true gift, I wish for others in WV who perhaps couldn't afford it, or feel left out, to also have the opportunity, so l plan to "pay forward" for someone else to be able to attend. Michelle also stated that they offer assistance...so this is just my plug for an amazing experience that I'd love others to have as well. Of course my loss is still here, coming home to the empty house has been heart-breaking. But there's also a small flame of inspiration in me now. To crawl out of this hole, bloody knuckles and all, to do the best I can, using what little strength I have left, to keep trying to live the best life I can. Others are doing it. So can I. It's a choice I still have. I need to do it to honor his life, and I need to do it to honor mine.
Sorry, trying to connect real names with online names, but if this Katyia ( sorry probably spelling it wrong) it was a pleasure to meet you. We crossed paths several times. You commented on my colorful tops. We sat next to each other in the energy workshop. I think you have a lot of internal strength. Draw on it. If you need someone to talk to, message me. | RedPajamaC4_8700117453769792379 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Being resident outside of Australia makes a difficult process - the selection and purchase of a house or apartment - even more demanding than usual. Expatriates are clearly hampered by being outside the market in terms of assessing market trends and investigating properties exhaustively, and there is the impact of fluctuating exchange rates to consider. In practice, given the importance of the purchase, you should probably at least consider using a buyer's agent to assist in terms of shortlisting, if not negotiating the complete purchase, of any real estate.
Local media reports and various indices will provide you with a general feel for how the market is currently moving within a capital city or region, if not within precise localities or suburbs. The links below provide access to a range of property reports. They include the most recent Westpac Residential Property Reports and the Australian Bureau of Statistics Capital City Index of Housing Prices.
Both Australian expatriates and overseas investors have a range of options available when it comes to seeking a mortgage or home loan for the purchase of a property in Australia. These include applying for either a Foreign Currency Loan (FCL) or an Australian (AUD) mortgage. Temporary residents in Australia also have relatively easy access to mortgage finance.
Exfin provides access to home loan finance for Australian expats, new migrants to Australia, temporary residents and offshore investors. For Australians expatriates and offshore investors who wish to purchase an investment property while overseas, access is also available to complete professional advice on the selection, management and financing of property.
You should be aware that some special issues do apply in relation to these sorts of loans, and while a number of lenders have now adopted a more flexible approach, it is recommended that you utilize a mortgage broker who is experienced in dealing with expatriate/offshore loans. Processes differ between the various lenders, and you can waste a considerable amount of time pursuing a loan with a provider who is not a good match for your circumstances.
In most situations, no cost attaches to the use of a mortgage broker, and in our case you gain access to almost all mortgages in the Australian market. | RedPajamaC4_-2267499833449483134 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
B.C. enacts ministerial order to create overdose prevention sites
B.C. enacts ministerial order to combat overdoses
Dec. 12, 2016 7:00 p.m.
The province is doubling down on overdose prevention.
VANCOUVER — British Columbia has enacted a ministerial order to support the creation of overdose-prevention sites, a move the province's health minister describes as an "extraordinary measure."
Terry Lake said the order gives provincial emergency health services and regional health authorities the power to provide overdose-prevention treatment as necessary on an emergency basis.
"We know we were on good legal ground to do that," Lake told reporters Monday. "Having the ministerial order in place really just makes it a little more solid in terms of any criticism or concern that the federal government might have."
B.C.'s announcement last week that it would be opening a string of overdose-prevention sites across the province without applying for federal permission has drawn little flak from Ottawa.
Asked Monday about the province's latest move to combat the deadly opioid crisis, federal Health Minister Jane Philpott described B.C.'s situation as exceptional, pointing out that more than 600 people have fatally overdosed in the province since the beginning of the year.
"It's very clear that British Columbia is facing extraordinary circumstances," Philpott said after announcing in Ottawa that the government was changing the law to make it easier to set up supervised-drug-injection sites as part of its approach to fighting a dramatic rise in overdoses across the country.
"Extraordinary realities like that require extraordinary measures. That's, I suspect, behind the decisions in British Columbia."
Lake commended the federal government for its action, adding that overdose-prevention sites would hopefully lessen the need for more supervised-injection facilities.
He said Philpott understood why the province felt the need to move forward.
"I said, 'Jane, we have to save lives. We can't wait. We have to do something. And she as a physician understood that," said Lake, who was touring a portable emergency room that has been deployed to Vancouver's Downtown Eastside to help alleviate pressure on first responders and a nearby hospital.
"She believes in harm reduction. That's why I think they were working towards the decrease in the barriers to supervised-consumption sites," he added. "But we simply couldn't wait."
B.C.'s ministerial order was enacted on the advice of provincial health officer Dr. Perry Kendall and will last for the duration of the opioid-related public health emergency, Lake said.
Several overdose prevention sites were established in B.C. last week, including three in Vancouver and one in Prince George, with more planned for Victoria and Surrey this week.
The sites allow people to inject illicit drugs while monitored by trained professionals equipped with naloxone, which reverses the effects of opioid overdoses.
Kendall has said supervised-injection sites are different because they are specifically designed for people to inject drugs under medical supervision, to receive training on safe injection and to be linked with health care and addiction services. Supervised-injection sites, like Vancouver's Insite, have also required an exemption to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act from the federal government.
— Follow @gwomand on Twitter
Geordon Omand, The Canadian Press
Updated: Alex Fraser Bridge open after Monday closure
Teddy bear among items retrieved after Tri-Cities crime spree | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_2296358601726170954 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Mowgli is a charity that exists to promote job creation, business growth and leadership capability through mentoring programmes for entrepreneurs in the Middle-East and North Africa as well as the United Kingdom.
The web site explains the mentoring process and provides a clear single point of contact for entrepreneurs, mentors, volunteers and potential partners and sponsors.
A content management system allows Mowgli to continuously add new content including news articles, press releases, publications and amend existing content as needed. Social Media links are a key aspect and where appropriate are integrated with site content. | RedPajamaC4_-5996499862468127820 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
The Bottega Verde conceptual stores were opened in Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Orel, Smolensk, and Penza. Besides, Moscow's and Saint Petersburg's sales can be conducted via the Bottega online stores. The merchandise is usually retailed at the average prices from 200 to 500 rubles. | RedPajamaC4_8515473557261096311 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Knowing the best possible software licensing contract and cloud subscription to meet your needs is important. The experts at Quexcel are happy to help you determine a compliant but also future proof and cost efficient solution. With the recommended solution you are able to reach out to the market for a supplier for your Software License or Cloud Agreement. But you can also let Quexcel handle the provision of the Agreement. This comes with a benefit. By then, we do understand your business, know your IT lay-out and have the recommended solution at hand. We can make entering into an Agreement a smooth experience. Quexcel will confer with Microsoft or any other software vendor and set-up the Agreement. We will assist you with the administrative tasks and help you set-up any Software Assurance benefits.
For a complete overview and your special request, please do contact us.
These are all just examples. Please reach out to our licensing and cloud specialists and request a quote for your solution. We are happy to assist and make absolutely sure you get the most cost efficient and absolute compliant solution.
Do you want your software licenses and cloud subscriptions fully managed with additional monthly services and a compliant statement? Maybe our Managed Software Asset Management services is something for you.
Or just try our knowledge driven consulting services. Worried about security? We can help you with that too. | RedPajamaC4_-3877643007915349337 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Real Estate Services>Development
MANCHESTER DEVELOPMENT STEPS UP TO BAT
David Sokol | Jun 01, 2003
When fans in Manchester, N.H., come to watch their new hometown team, a Toronto Blue Jays Double A affiliate, they'll have more than baseball souvenirs to buy after the game.
To coincide with the 2005 arrival of the team — now known as the New Haven Ravens — at a new 6,500-seat stadium, Manchester Downtown Visions (MDV) is developing an adjacent lifestyle center with as much as 200,000 square feet of shopping space. MDV is also building the stadium.
In April, MDV retained Chicago-based Urban Retail Properties as the project's retail consultant. Urban Retail Executive Vice President Paul Grant wants tenants that will support a lifestyle experience and are independent of the sports venue. High on his list is a bookstore that would act as a second anchor; the ballpark the first.
"We want to create a lot of synergy on the site and be able to transfer a lot of the audience of the ballpark into the retail and restaurant component of the project," says MDV Principal Kurt Sanborn. The lifestyle streetscape will provide an alternative to the shopping experience that the nearby Mall of New Hampshire offers.
Urban Retail has commissioned architecture firm Cooper Carry to help develop the plan, which will also include an ice-skating rink. Cooper Carry principal Angelo Carusi says the design will probably reflect the "vivid history and architecture of Manchester," a former mill town.
The stadium and urban lifestyle center are just two components of a 35-acre mixed-use plan that Sanborn estimates will cost as much as $150 million. The development is part of the city's drive to become an entertainment destination.
Ohio: A Lifestyle Hotbed
The Buckeye State will be home to 17 percent of the 2003-2004 batch of new lifestyle centers, according to ICSC research. In 2002, median home prices were up 8 percent in Dayton, 6.5 percent in Cleveland and 3.5 percent in Cincinnati, according to Economy.com.
Lifestyle additions include: Cleveland's Legacy Village, a 615,000-square-foot project by First Interstate Properties; Cincinnati's The Streets of Westchester, 350,000-square-feet by Continental Real Estate; Cincinnati's Deerfield Town Center, 415,472-square-foot by Jeffrey R. Anderson Real Estate Inc.; and Dayton's The Greene Town Center, 500,000-square-foot by Steiner + Associates. | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_-3857640753020330081 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
If your application requires electric forklifts running on more than one shift, you may be able to greatly reduce your lift truck fleet operating costs with the fast battery charge option. A popular alternative to conventional charging, fast charge technology applies high power, specialized chargers to restore electric lift truck battery charge levels while eliminating the need for battery changes throughout the day.
What Is Fast Charge Technology?
Fast charging allows you to recharge your electric forklift's batteries at high charge rates at any time for any duration during a work shift. When an operator takes a break or changes shifts, the forklift is idle and the battery is charged. The high charge rates provided by the fast charger during charging periods replace energy used during work operations, creating a balance that allows the forklift to run on a single battery all day in many applications.
What are the Benefits of Fast Charge Technology for Forklifts?
Faster Charge Time. With conventional charging, restoring a forklift's battery from a 20 percent to a 100 percent state of charge on average takes about eight hours. Using fast charge technology, this can be accomplished in approximately one hour to an hour and a half during the operator's scheduled break times and shift rotations.
Reduced Overall Cost. With a fast charger, there may be no need for a battery changing room, battery change machine, battery charging personnel or extra batteries for each forklift.
Increased Production Time. With fast charge technology, operators save time that was previously spent driving the forklift to and from the battery change area and on performing the battery change. This frees up the operator's time to focus on other productive work that adds to the bottom line.
Temperature-Sensitive Design. Fast charge batteries have a thermistor placed near the center cell to monitor temperature. When the temperature reaches a pre-determined level, the charge rate is reduced or even stopped to keep the forklift's battery from overheating.
Easier Refills. Fast charge batteries generally have a single-point watering system, resulting in often easier refills since the battery doesn't have to be removed from the forklift to water it. This helps simplify the process and time involved.
Improved Working Conditions. Fast charge technology promotes a more productive work environment with less battery handling, eliminating additional cross-plant traffic for battery recharge and change-outs.
Will The Fast Charge Option Work For Your Business?
Potential to operate each forklift on one battery. | RedPajamaC4_-2270694942632045666 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
The goal of a solar power system is to efficiently convert energy from the sun into electric power that you can use in your home or business. Over time, the money you save on lower electric bills–or by eliminating your electric bill completely–may pay for the original cost of the solar power system. And unlike fluctuating utility rates, with some financing like PACE, the payments for your solar power system can be fixed over time, which is especially important if you're on a fixed income or are trying to stabilize cash flow.And then there's the environmental perspective. Power generated by your clean solar power system is power not generated by polluting, coal-fired utility plants. A solar power system can be a great opportunity for you to contribute to a cleaner environment while saving money at the same time.
Solar power financing options can make this form of renewable energy more financially realistic. Solar panels can last up to 40 years, and the system's inverter should last at least 10 years with replacement warranties available. Solar panel financing programs take this into account by offering longer-term payback periods with manageable payments.
With financing options out to 30 years and break even in six to nine years, anyone can see how solar can save a lot of money over the life of the system. Homeowners who want to take advantage of these savings can even find solar energy financing options in some states that provide them positive cash flow over the entire life of their solar system.
Now could be the ideal time to take advantage of financing options to go solar. Over the past 20 years, the cost of solar equipment has declined significantly, making solar installations far more affordable. A new way to finance solar, called property assessed clean energy or PACE offers long terms (up to 30 years in some states), fixed-rates and 100 percent financing. PACE makes it easier and more realistic financially since approval is tied to the property, not the owner's creditworthiness.
Purchasing a renewable energy system with solar panel financing may bring about unexpected benefits as well. A recent study by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that home values in California increased by four percent or more when equipped with a solar power system.
The Federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) allows purchasers of solar power systems to deduct 30 percent of the cost of the system dollar-for-dollar from their federal taxes. For homeowners with substantial tax liability, this can mean real savings on a solar power system. The benefits of the Federal ITC start to decline at the end of 2019, so it may make financial sense to find a source for solar energy financing sooner rather than later. Consult your tax advisor for details about the Federal ITC. Other state and local incentives related to Solar can be found here.
Solar energy financing usually covers materials and installation. What equipment do you install when you buy or lease a solar energy system?
Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels that convert solar energy into direct current (DC) electrical energy.
Inverters that convert the direct current (DC) that comes out of the PV panels into alternating current (AC) used in our homes and businesses.
Balance of system (BOS) components: wires, connectors, DC power optimizers, etc. BOS also includes the racking that holds the PV panels on the roof or in ground-mounts.
A fourth component–an energy storage battery and associated energy management software–is becoming more economical and common. Homeowners can check with their solar energy financing program administrator to see if storage is included in the program.
Some buildings are more hospitable to solar power systems than others. To generate power most efficiently, solar PV systems should face south and should not be shaded by trees, buildings or other obstacles.
If you're curious about the idea of property assessed clean energy (PACE) financing for your solar project, contact Ygrene. We can we help you with the solar panel financing process. All Ygrene authorized independent solar contractors are licensed, insured, pre-screened and have been in the solar business for a year or more. Quality installers offer workmanship warranties and are transparent about when and how they use sub-contractors. Solar power is still unfamiliar technology for most homeowners, so don't hesitate to ask your contractor how they plan to achieve a quality solar installation, or any other questions you may have. And if you don't have a solar contractor yet, click on the button below and we can help you find local Ygrene authorized contractors close to your home. | RedPajamaC4_-4406847103619709756 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
We will be holding our next Wedding Fayre on Sunday 8th April 2018 & Sunday 7th October 2018.
Come and visit us, see the venue, meet our suppliers and find out what we can do for you to make your big day extra special.
We'll be open from 11am til 3pm. | RedPajamaC4_1169370310091409234 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
The Islamic State group has welcomed a pledge of allegiance to it made by the Nigerian jihadist organisation Boko Haram, according to an audiotape Thursday purportedly from its spokesman. "We announce to you to the good news of the expansion of the caliphate to West Africa because the caliph... has accepted the allegiance of our brothers of the Sunni group for preaching and the jihad," IS spokesman Mohammed al-Adnani said in the message, using the Arabic name for Boko Haram.
Itself a radical Sunni Muslim movement, IS has seized large swathes of Iraq and Syria and declared an Islamic "caliphate" there, and has also drawn expressions of allegiance from jihadists in Egypt and Libya. On Saturday, an audiotape attributed to Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau said "we announce our allegiance to the Caliph of the Muslims, Ibrahim ibn Awad ibn Ibrahim al-Husseini al-Qurashi," referring to IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.Shekau has previously mentioned Baghdadi in video messages yet stopped short of pledging formal allegiance.
But there have been increasing signs that the Nigerian militants, whose six-year insurgency has claimed more than 13,000 lives and left 1.5 million people homeless, have been seeking a closer tie-up.
IS spokesman Adnani urged Muslims to join militants in West Africa and insisted that the caliphate was growing.
"Our caliphate is resisting and it is advancing in the right direction. We are fighting the Crusaders and the rafidah (Shiites) and day by day the Islamic State is becoming strong," he said.
He insisted that the jihadist group is "sure of its victory" regardless of the challenges it is facing.
For months, IS has been targeted with air strikes from a coalition led by the United States and suffered territorial setbacks in Syria and Iraq. | RedPajamaC4_3656183769937363268 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Hall directors build on-campus communities with caution
By Will Mulligan and Austin Thompson | September 14, 2021 11:55am
Pilot prevent signs on the front doors of Shipstad Hall.
Media Credit: Marek Corsello / The Beacon
Even in the best years, being a hall director can be hard work. From planning community events, to crisis response, to mentoring students, the job comes with a variety of responsibilities. Hall directors hired over the past year are settling into their roles, finally with full dorms.
While masks are still required in any non-personal spaces, events like hall mass, movie and game nights are still happening.
"Though students are required to wear masks in public spaces within the dorm and outside, the community of Mehling and West Quad has still been able to bond and grow together," Paige Patterson, Mehling Hall director, said in an email. "It's always great to overhear laughter coming from lobby spaces and outside."
Mehling Hall Hall Director Paige Patterson. Photo courtesy Paige Patterson.
The constraints of last semester made it difficult for dorms to foster a sense of community. Because of that, new hall directors felt students missed out on a lot of the typical college experience. For them, the campus finally feels alive, a stark contrast to the experience of last semester.
"I love to see the students laughing and spending time together," said Pablo Quan Lopez, Shipstad's new hall director. "That's just something that we didn't hear much of last semester."
Fostering student communities is the goal of dorm living, and mask wearing hasn't obstructed that goal. But this new environment continues to raise new questions.
"My personal philosophy is that everything can be framed within the context of community," said Michael Ricker, director of Corrado Hall. "So much of life in the residence halls is trying to build a community, but also asking that question, 'What does living in a community really look like?'"
"Over the past 18 or so months that question has an entirely new variable," Ricker continued. "We've had to ask, `What does living in a community look like in this new world?'"
Shipstad Hall Hall Director Pablo Quan Lopez (right) and Assistant Hall Director Jenna Morgan. Photo courtesy Pablo Quan Lopez.
While building a community has been important, hall directors are equally committed to maintaining a safe environment. Ricker, one of many hall directors hired during the pandemic, was surprised at how responsive students have been to the regulations.
"After the last year and a half there's such a strong desire to be on campus again and to be together again and to be doing these events," Ricker said. "And if we have to wear a mask to do that, then great. We're gonna do that because we've missed out on so much over the last 18 months."
The Office of Residence Life provides ongoing guidance to its employees regarding student health and best practices, all in line with information from the CDC.
Patterson echoed Ricker's excitement for in-person learning, but expressed that students' situations are still as nuanced and varied as ever.
"Each situation is different depending on different student needs," Patterson said. "Generally, if a student doesn't respond to several reminders about our mask policy, it is my responsibility to follow up with them in a more formal conversation where I get to know them, understand their context, and explain the importance of wearing masks in our community."
Though they are excited about the new sense of life around campus, hall directors are still aware of the challenges posed by the pandemic and expressed their concerns.
"It's a constant worry," said Quan Lopez. "As a world, we're not really over this yet. For me personally, it's frustrating. Whenever I read the news, there's more COVID or another strain. So, as a world, we're not over this and so that means for us here at UP we also have to always keep that in mind."
Austin Thompson is a reporter with the Beacon. He can be reached at thompsau22@up.edu.
Will Mulligan is a reporter with the Beacon. He can be reached at mulligan22@up.edu.
Submission: Welcome from the ASUP president
by Emma Fuller
What's UP with the return to campus?
by Carlos Fuentes
Celebrating Women of Color in the Class of 2021
by Jennifer Ng | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_3153066976454257363 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
The Walking Dead returns this Sunday, but did you miss an episode? Forget something about Season 1? What was it that the doctor said to Rick before they left?
AMC is showing love for this Valentines Day weekend and will host a marathon of both seasons so far. Starting today at 8pm Eastern, they will show Season 1 through Sunday up until 1:30am Eastern at which time there will be a break after the episode is complete. The marathon will then continue on with a single episode at 4:30am Eastern and then another single episode at 1:30pm Eastern. After a half hour break the marathon starts back up again at 3pm leading up to the highly anticipated mid-season premiere at 9pm Eastern.
We've gotten some teasers so far for the return of 'The Walking Dead'. We've been waiting patiently for 'Nebraska' to premiere. Now we can start all over again, from the beginning to remind ourselves exactly what we are waiting for. Gather your friends, its time for a zombie gore fest!
Guess Who's Coming Back To 'Doctor Who'… Spoilers Sweetie! | RedPajamaC4_-457794128771246924 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Today we're featuring the talent behind the exclusive Sydney Fringe 2018 print, as seen on our Fringe faces Emily and Josh.
Sydney is a city of bold colours and big identities. The raving sapphire of our coastal waters on a sunny day, the blazing rouge of Kings Cross's iconic Coca-Cola sign, and the fresh mint green of our many parks, their trees fist-pumping to the sky: these are the primary hues of the Harbour City's kaleidoscope. And there, sashaying and bopping through the rainbow landscape is artist and fashion designer Stavroula Adameitis aka Frida Las Vegas. Her works are a visual, tactile love ode to Sydney, toasting its glamour with a humour-like-champagne while also celebrating its odd, shabbier eccentricities. Like the ibis.
The Frida Las Vegas collection references the bin chicken adoringly in a number of items, starting with perspex earrings back in 2014 and currently available as a limited run 'glamour sack'. This is in aid of championing the PR of the ibis, a misunderstood bird doing everything it can to survive in rapidly developing urban spaces. "Long may they rummage!" cheers Adameitis.
But, she does point out that "this was a time when Australia proudly marketed itself to the rest of the world with colour, humour and flamboyancy. I find nostalgia a powerful lens by which to ask questions about what Australian popular culture and identity means today." Rather than a yearning for a time past, Adameitis's nostalgia comes across as serious play, standing up to unethical fast fashion and global homogenisation by brands like H&M, Topshop, Zara and Uniqlo, and hailing the unique quirks of local identities.
Some of these unique quirks are fully embraced in the Frida Las Vegas print for this year's Sydney Fringe: the Coke sign, the Opera House, the pests of restricted parking and, of course, the ibis.
"I'm really excited for Sydney-siders to come out from winter hibernation and explore different spaces they might not usually make the effort to visit, in the spirit of discovering new experiences and creating a cultural fabric we can all be proud of," says Adameitis, and her colourful calls to action are not restricted to those buying tickets. | RedPajamaC4_1287949419491595481 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Das Gebiet Bodenseeufer (Gmk. Öhningen) ist ein mit Verordnung vom 19. Januar 1961 ausgewiesenes Naturschutzgebiet (NSG-Nummer 3.058) im Gebiet der Gemeinde Öhningen im baden-württembergischen Landkreis Konstanz in Deutschland.
Lage
Das 106,4 Hektar große Naturschutzgebiet gehört naturräumlich zum Hegau. Es besteht aus zwei, vornehmlich landwirtschaftlich genutzten Teilgebieten am Bodensee als Reste des noch unbebauten Ufers auf Gemarkung Öhningen mit einem Uferstreifen von durchschnittlich 400 Meter Breite.
Schutzzweck
Wesentlicher Schutzzweck ist die Erhaltung des Uferbereichs mit Schilfröhricht, Großseggenrieden, und den artenreichen Pfeifengraswiesen mit Übergängen zu Kopfbinsenrieden.
Siehe auch
Liste der Naturschutzgebiete im Landkreis Konstanz
Liste der Naturschutzgebiete in Baden-Württemberg
Literatur
S. 305–310
Weblinks
Schutzgebiet (Umwelt- und Naturschutz) in Europa
Naturschutzgebiet im Landkreis Konstanz
Schutzgebiet in Öhningen
Geographie (Bodensee)
Schutzgebiet im Hegau | RedPajamaWikipedia_7681658418518586324 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Fresh Faces: An Update on Penn State Basketball's New Look Coaching Staff
Story posted April 12, 2021 in Sports, CommRadio by Logan Bourandas
Newly hired head coach Micah Shrewsberry has made quick work in rounding out his coaching staff. Shrewsberry hasn't been with Penn State long, but the former Purdue assistant coach has created a well-rounded coaching staff with experience at the college and professional level.
Shrewsberry started his work by hiring Penn State alumnus Adam Fisher as an associate head coach. Fisher had previously graduated from Penn State in 2006 and is best known for his time as an assistant at Miami where he was a part of a team that made the NCAA Tournament four straight seasons.
Next, Shrewsberry added a coach with NBA experience by bringing in Aki Collins as his assistant coach. Collins has over 20 years of coaching experience and has scouting experience as well with his last job being an ameteur evaluation scout for the Oklahoma City Thunder. Collins also served as an assistant coach at Memphis and Marquette.
Those two hirings took place a few weeks ago, but Shrewsberry did the majority of his coaching staff restructuring Monday.
Shrewsberry started by hiring Mike Farrelly, who brings head coaching experience to the Nittany Lions. Farrelly had been at Hofstra University for the past eight years and served as the team's acting head coach last season. During that time, Farrelly led the Pride to an upset win over No. 23 Richmond on the road. Farrelly had been a part of Hofstra teams that had won back-to-back CAA regular season championships. The team had earned a berth into the 2020 NCAA Tournament after winning the conference tournament championship before COVID-19 ended the season.
The last of Shrewsberry's work to the staff came when he decided to keep two members around: Talor Battle and Nick Colella. Battle, Penn State's all-time leading scorer, made his coaching debut last season while working closely with former interim head coach Jim Ferry. Battle will stay on as the team's assistant to the head coach.
Colella comes back with a little more experience under his belt as he will be spending his ninth season as a contributor to the Blue and White's coaching staff. He worked as the director of basketball operations last season and before that had worked as the program's director of on-campus recruiting. For this season, Colella will have a new role, as he will serve as the chief of staff.
Whether or not Shrewsberry decides to make more additions to the coaching staff is unclear, but they all will have a huge job ahead of them. With the recent announcements of Myreon Jones and Trent Buttrick to leave the program coupled with Jamari Wheeler's decision a few weeks ago, the 2021-22 roster will look very different compared to last season.
EDIT: In other news, former Penn State interim head coach Jim Ferry was hired by UMBC on Monday to be the program's new head coach for the 2021-22 season. He replaces Ryan Odom, who left to become Utah State's new head coach. Odom led UMBC to its famous 16-over-1 upset of Virginia in the 2018 NCAA Tournament.
Logan Bourandas is a sophomore majoring in broadcast journalism. To contact him, email lxb5412@psu.edu.
micah shrewsberry , penn state basketball
Logan Bourandas is a third-year broadcast journalism major from Long Island, NY. He is a the news director for CommRadio and the host of Ducks on the Pond, which is an all-baseball talk show on CommRadio. He is also a sports writer, broadcaster and podcaster for CommRadio. He got his start as the station manager for his high school radio station WPOB in his hometown of Plainview, NY, where he hosted numerous radio shows and was involved in sports broadcasts. You can contact him at .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address).
NFL Draft 2021: AFC North Team Needs
Tim Frazier Returns to NBA, Signs 10-Day Contract with Memphis Grizzlies
Story posted 15 minutes ago in Sports, CommRadio by Christian Smith | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_5871701211636335130 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
(I Like) The Way You Love Me
Paroles (I Like) The Way You Love Me
I was alone in the dark when I met ya
Oh ooh
You took my hand and you told me you loved me
I was alone, there was no love in my life
(I was alone, there was no love in my life)
I was afraid of life and you came in time
(I was afraid of life and you came in time)
You took my hand and we kissed in the moonlight
(You took my hand and we kissed in the moonlight)
Ooh ooh
I like the way how you're holdin' me
It doesn't matter how you're holdin' me
I like the way you're lovin me'
It doesn't matter how you are lovin' me
I like the way how you're touchin' me
It doesn't matter how you are touchin' me
I like the way how you're kissin' me
It doesn't matter how you are kissin' me
You'll see
It won't be long 'til we make vows, I bet ya
I thank the Heavens above that I met ya
I like the way how you're lovin' me
(It doesn't matter how you are holdin' me)
(It doesn't matter how you're lovin' me)
(It doesn't matter how you are touchin' me)
(It doesn't matter how you are kissin' me)
The world's a better place
(The world's a better place)
'Cause you came in time,
('Cause you came in time)
You took away the rain and brought the sunshine,
(You took away the rain and brought the sunshine)
I was afraid 'cause I was hurt the last time,
(I was afraid 'cause I was hurt the last time)
Uh uh
I like the way how you're holdin' me,
I like the way how you're lovin' me,
(It doesn't matter how you are lovin' me)
I like the way how you're touchin' me,
I like the way how you're kissin' me,
You'll see.
Lyrics © Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC, Warner/Chappell Music, Inc., Kobalt Music Publishing Ltd.
TAURA STINSON, DEANDRE GRIFFIN, ALONZO JACKSON
Top 10 des artistes engagés
MATT POKORA
DUA LIPA - ANGELE
FRERO DELAVEGA
DONNA LEWIS
JUSTIN NOZUKA | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_6110119068061576552 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
With over 80,000 chemicals in the environment there's no doubt we are living in a toxic world. It's a topic renowned blogger Anna Rodgers knows only too well.
Her book, "Toxic World, Toxic People—The Essential Guide to Health, Happiness, Parenting and Conscious Living" is receiving international acclaim for its spotlight on toxins and what's essential for healthy living today.
Anna shares how you can thrive in a toxic world.
It came from my journey of almost 2 decades of extremely poor health. I suffered from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and severe depression.
Mainstream medical care did not make me better, it often made me worse. I only healed after I included natural and holistic therapies, detoxing, and a good diet into my life.
It made me realize just how many other people are stuck, seeing doctors and coming away with treatments for symptoms instead of solving the root cause.
I am most concerned about our children. They are at greater risk because of their low body weight, and are born into a time in history where toxicity is at an all-time high.
My book is about making people understand the risks from toxins.
When I was about 5 or 6 years old I put some very toxic lead paint on my body 'for fun'!
Lead accumulates in the body and can weaken bones through displacing calcium. By the age of 26 I had broken 4 bones!
I also discovered I had a lot of mercury in my body, which I believe was from vaccinations. Throughout adolescence I suffered from severe concentration problems at school.
I took anti-depressants for years and I never got better, in fact my very low times were always when I was on those medications.
Is it possible to avoid toxins today?
People have a false sense of security. I see this in the raw food community, where they eat only organic food and do a lot of juicing and think that means they won't ever get sick.
Yes eating well, and changing your beauty products is super important, but you must include daily, effective detoxing supplements in your routine.
This is the most important key.
Mercury: Found in vaccines, mercury fillings and other medications.
Aluminum: Found in water, personal care products, medications, food, air and vaccines.
Lead: Found in air pollution, old houses, lead pipes and soil.
Endocrine Disrupters: We now have an epidemic of hormonal problems, thyroid problems and cancers from the broad spectrum of chemicals in personal care products, plastics, and food packaging.
You point to the accumulation of toxins as a big concern.
Without a doubt, accumulation is incredibly worrying. The average cancer can take up to 10 years to grow before being noticed by an individual.
So we have to ask ourselves, why did this start growing, what triggered it, what could we have done to avoid it growing in the first place?
This is where our health care providers are going very wrong. They are looking in all the wrong places. They are ignoring the biggest cause of disease—accumulation of toxicity.
Much of this is to do with their medical training, they simply aren't being told to test their patients for heavy metals when they are at Medical School.
You share some of the steps you've taken to restore wellness. You give particular attention to the natural mineral zeolite.
I must say, answering this question gets me a bit emotional because before I took zeolites, I was still not well. I felt like I was 80 but I was only in my early 30s!
I had begun healing, but I still had a daily problem of poor concentration, brain fog, and 'heavy' legs. It was difficult to walk up stairs without holding onto the railings.
After 2 weeks on zeolites ALL of these things went away! To say that it was a life changing product is an understatement.
I am very thankful that Pure Body Extra Strength is available to help families.
Your book has received national and international press coverage.
Is now the tipping point for toxin awareness?
The UK's Sun Newspaper, which has a readership of over 2 million people each day, published a full-page story about my book, highlighting the dangers of toxins.
"People have a false sense of security. You must include daily detoxing in your routine." | RedPajamaC4_7310398211177313411 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Yesenia G. Ayala
2018-2019 Public Policy Fellows
CHCI-Coca-Cola Public Policy Fellow
Hometown: Panorama City, California
School: Grinnell College
Degree: B.A. in Sociology and Spanish
Placement 1: Postsecondary National Policy Institute
Placement 2: U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, Subcommittee on Education
Yesenia Ayala was born and raised in San Fernando, California. She is the daughter of Salvadoran immigrants and spent part of her childhood in El Salvador with her grandparents. Her experience navigating the Los Angeles public school system as an English Language Learner shaped the way she thinks about education and the effect of education policies in communities of color. Despite the challenges she faced during her primary and secondary education, she had mentors that guided her through her journey. During her senior of high school, Yesenia was awarded the Posse Foundation scholarship, a merit leadership full-tuition scholarship that enabled her to attend her dream school Grinnell College, in the state of Iowa. Moving to Iowa introduced Yesenia to the challenges Latinos face in rural America, and the role higher education plays in empowering these communities.
Yesenia graduated from Grinnell with a double major in Sociology and Spanish, and a concentration in Latin American studies. Throughout her college career, she engaged students around education-inequity issues in the United States through her work with organizations such as Al Éxito in Iowa, Breakthrough in New York, and Belen Educa in Santiago, Chile. These organizations strive to mentor and support underrepresented, low-income youth to cross barriers beyond their socio-economic status and circumstances. Working with the Latino communities in these regions broadened Yesenia's understanding of education policy in both rural and urban areas and gave her the ability to identify the intersectionality of issues that are present in the field of education such as food insecurity, housing, immigration, etc. Yesenia is passionate about supporting initiatives that help Latino communities move forward and allow them to become self-sustainable.
As a CHCI Public Policy Fellow, Yesenia wants to gain an understanding of the way policy, law, and government function to ensure she is informed of the processes that best help advance education and immigration policy affecting the Latino community. After the fellowship, Yesenia hopes to attend law school and work in the education or immigration field. | RedPajamaCommonCrawl_6835978880154651927 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Classes 1M and 4D joined their forces against bullying on during Anti-Bullying Week when they experienced their first Buddy Assembly. Both classes enjoyed reading and discussing a poem by Kate Fleming: 'The Hurt Feelings' and talking about how being hurt inside takes a long time to heal. During the joint assembly children from 1M shared their 'Bystander' positive touch spiral with the pupils from 4D and the children from Year 4 read their own amazing poems about bullying. By the end of their Buddy Assembly they all agreed that they will try to be the Brave Befrienders and not the Shy Bystanders!
As part of their learning about Anti-Bullying Week, 1D and 5GH also held a paired assembly on 15th November 2018. Class 1D have been learning about the phrases "being unkind," "teasing" and "bullying," and discussing what makes a good friend. They have learned the Bystander poem, which talks about being a bystander or a befriender, along with some positive touch moves, which they shared with 5GH as part of their assembly.
Class 5GH also learned the Bystander poem and looked at cyber bullying, which does become more of a risk to pupils as they grow older and begin to use electronic devices. The children learnt what it is and ways to protect themselves from it. They also dramatised a cyber bullying situation which explained how it may happen and what they should do if they witness it.
The assembly was a great opportunity to share their learning and see how other classes have been embracing Anti-Bullying Week.
Class 3OS and The Bluecoat Group paired up for their assembly and performed the 'Choose Respect' anti-bullying song that Andy from CBBC performed> They also read the Bystander poem and discussed its meaning and finally said some prayers written by the children about kindness and respect. | RedPajamaC4_-5542535937394854805 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Sister Lauren- there was so much truth in your words. Thank you for articulating the complexity of this; I catch myself saying yes to too much (ask Bryan) and then resenting it every step of the way. I think #1 is really the place it starts – what is the state of my heart in all things?
Previous PostPrevious How do you sell God? | RedPajamaC4_675523790856534408 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Are your eyes getting hungry for bright colors?
Mine do around this time of the year. Maybe if your eyes are craving something specific, your body is telling you to find the inherent plant magic: the Traditional Medicinal.
A couple of years ago, it was Dandelions and II designed a fragrance that captured the spicy, sun-shiny color of dandelions.
Later, I was delighted to learn that the craving for the color started around the end of that stagnant winter season, just before the time when little green dandelion greens were beginning to think of pushing up through the earth. Those richly nutritious leaves that detox the liver in time for the spring.
Reflecting on the fact that our ancestors would be nearing the end of their food stores and looking to harvest the earliest shoots in spring - - and how the dandelions and other cold-crops would have been a welcome source of nutrition.
And nature, in her infinite wisdom, has the weedy puffs ready for us when our bodies are ready to begin to move again in spring. Those tender leaves detox the dormant body and prepare it for activity - whether on the move to forage, or to prep the earth for planting.
So what did the craving for yarrow mean? Partly the color, I'm sure.
But also, Yarrow is full of a chemical when distilled into essential oils that help maintain a balanced immune system. The high azulene-content makes the oil desirable for skincare as well as keeping a cheerful disposition. It's the same blue-tinted oil that give 'Blue Chamomile' the characteristic color.
Azulene is an anti-oxidant when means it protects the tissues of the body from damage due to the environment and aging: protection from blemishes and wrinkles. It conditions and soothes the skin.
So maybe it's my dry, itchy skin that needs the love of the yarrow. Possibly a little pick me up to combat the winter blahs. I'm going to give it a try.
and the herb is used for treating everything from cradle cap (I know this first hand) to treat fevers and bruises (Mother Earth News).
Also know as milfoil, yarrow is referenced as a medicinal herb from the first century AD - this makes my witchy heart happy - and I've hung a sprig along the door jamb of our front door. Just in case. | RedPajamaC4_-436841684690815805 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Designed to provide all the benefits that can be derived from high performance, modern materials, the vertical slider provides a long term, cost effective solution for period style properties. Advanced technology works in harmony with traditional design, to provide extra comfort and practical features for modern living, without any compromise to character or appearance.
The PVC-U window frames are designed to provide optimum strength, superior thermal properties and excellent weathering performance and will retain their pristine appearance year after year with the minimum of maintenance. The vertical slider has been designed to be suitable for commercial and domestic buildings, in both replacement and new build markets.
Profiles are manufactured to the highest standards, from a formulation which includes a high impact modifier to withstand cold weather and a UV light resistant pigment to maintain colour and appearance for years to come. It is this formulation which prevents the PVC profile from degrading, bending or warping.
Structural strength is enhanced through the use of steel and aluminium reinforcement through the internal chambers of the profile.
Years of engineering experience mean that you have total confidence in the durability and longevity of the window frames, without having to cover the cost of high maintenance or spoiling the appearance of the property.
Much thought has gone into the design to ensure that the attractive style of the vertical slider is retained, whilst providing all the benefits that modern technology can provide.
For ease and cost effective fabrication, each sash option is post co-extruded. Thermal properties are enhanced through the use of 24mm glazing as standard. Excellent weathering performance is increased with a Pile seal detail on the sash edges and outer frame and air flow specification can be achieved through the use of trickle or glazed in vents to suit particular applications as required.
A wide variety of decorative options and colour choices are available, designed to the finest detail for a perfect finish. Tilting sashes are a major feature, allowing ease of cleaning. Tilt restrictors ensure the tilt mechanism works smoothly and safely. The vertical slider provides a blend of advanced technology with the craftsmanship of old. It is a simple solution in long term, cost effective, window maintenance, with all the benefits and comfort of modern living, whilst retaining the charm and appearance of a past era.
You can rest assured that your Allerton Glass and Glazing window comes with the highest quality assurance, with all materials manufactured under the strictest quality controls. Safety and security are of prime importance and every detail has been considered to ensure that all hardware and locking options exceed requirements.
Choosing a PVC-U window will mean the end of costly, time consuming painting every two to three years. A damp, soft cloth is all it takes to clean a PVC-U frame. The vertical slider is even easier, with the use of the pivot bar. This allows the window to tilt, so that the exterior glass can actually be cleaned from the inside. Maintenance simply couldn't be easier.
An attractive ovolo shaped bead comes together with a choice of 2 cill sizes (150mm & 210mm), 3 sash options to allow a variation of application styles, including an equal sightline option for the top and bottom sashes, plus a deep bottom rail for a truly traditional appearance. In addition, you can choose a Georgian bar option to add a decorative horn. And for those who prefer a true timber appearance, the vertical slider is available in a mahogany, rosewood or light oak finish. You can even choose a timber appearance on the external face, with a white finish on the internal to maintain a light airy appearance to the inside of the room. White and cream woodgrain finishes are also available. To create the perfect finish, white, brass or chrome hardware options are available as well as end caps for both the cill and the sash stop.
Choosing a vertical slider fitted by Allerton Glass & Glazing will give you all the benefits of a modern window with all the charm and character of a traditional vertical sliding window. Excellent thermal properties and weathering performance will conserve heat and save on heating costs. Combine these benefits with the charm and character of a traditional vertical slider and you have the best of both worlds. | RedPajamaC4_-432822001104759287 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Be sure to make reservations by noon on Wednesday, January 20th to our first GCC Family Night of the year! Italian Buffet and BINGO – what a combination. Call 256-546-0451 or email: Natalie@thegadsdencountryclub.com for reservations. We hope to see you at the Club!!
What are you doing New Year's…….
By Michael Cook December 31st, 2015 Uncategorized Comments Off on What are you doing New Year's…….
Please join us tonight for New Year's Eve!! We will be serving Dinner 5-10 pm, the weekly drawing will be in the Bar at 7 pm, and our first New Year's Eve Party in years will kick off at 10 with live music from Teenage Daddy! The College Football Play-Off game will be Live in the Bar and in the Ballroom on the big screen. If you would like to make dinner reservations please call 256-546-0451 or email me. We hope to have a big crowd tonight to ring in 2016!!!
Looking for something to do New Year's Eve??? Tired of the limited options??
By Michael Cook December 8th, 2015 Uncategorized Comments Off on Looking for something to do New Year's Eve??? Tired of the limited options??
Join us at the Gadsden Country Club for our New Year's Eve Party!!
Congratulations to Stephan Cordi, winner of the $200 Dining Credit for taking our GCC Club Survey. Thank you to all of our members that participated and provided great feedback. We are working everyday to provide superior service to our membership and hope to make the Gadsden Country Club a place we can all be proud of!!
Calling all GCC Kids….Pumpkin Painting Party – Sunday, October 25th 3:00 p.m.
By Michael Cook October 8th, 2015 Uncategorized Comments Off on Calling all GCC Kids….Pumpkin Painting Party – Sunday, October 25th 3:00 p.m.
Please join us for our first annual Pumpkin Painting Party. $15 per pumpkin – Includes pumpkin, supplies and a special treat! Email Natalie@thegadsdencountryclub.com to sign-up and please specify how many pumpkins you would like to paint. Reservations required by Tuesday, October 20th for planning purposes. We hope you and your family will join us!
Wine and Beer Tasting at the Tennis Pavilion – Tuesday, September 29th 6-9 p.m.
By Michael Cook September 24th, 2015 Uncategorized Comments Off on Wine and Beer Tasting at the Tennis Pavilion – Tuesday, September 29th 6-9 p.m.
Be sure to join us Tuesday, September 29th from 6-9 p.m. at the Tennis Pavilion for a Wine and Beer Tasting paired with Heavy Hors d'Oeuvres. Don't miss this opportunity to hang out upstairs at our lovely Tennis Pavilion while sampling 5 Beer and 5 Wines. Selections for Wine includes – MacRostie Sonoma Coast Chardonnay, Brancott Sauvignon Blanc, Lincourt Pinot Noir, Joseph Carr Merlot, and The Counselor AV Cabernet. Selections for Beer includes – Florida Beer Company Southernmost Wheat, Sierra Nevada Pale Ale, Spaten Optimator, Woodchuck Granny Smith Cider, and Harpoon UFO Pumpkin. Bring a friend and come enjoy a nice evening. $25 Per Person, Wine Club Members may attend at a 20% discount.
~BRIDAL SHOW AT THE GADSDEN COUNTRY CLUB~ Sunday, September 27th 2-5 p.m.
By Michael Cook September 17th, 2015 Uncategorized Comments Off on ~BRIDAL SHOW AT THE GADSDEN COUNTRY CLUB~ Sunday, September 27th 2-5 p.m.
Please join us on Sunday, September 27th from 2-5 for the Gadsden Country Club's Bridal Show. Open to all prospective Brides. Come mingle with venders and imagine what it would be like to have your reception at our beautiful facility! Vendors including Attalla Florist, Top Notch Rentals, Tuxedo Inn, Back Forty Beer Company, Rodan & Fields, Class Act Photo Booth, Ryan Sherrod Photography, Alabama Event Group, Maraella Wines, Weddings, Pageants & Proms, What a Whirl Event Planning and many others. Mark your calendars and be sure to attend!
Calling all Brides to Be….
By Michael Cook September 10th, 2015 Uncategorized Comments Off on Calling all Brides to Be…. | RedPajamaC4_8083819301117861603 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |
Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited recently releases an employment notification to hire 01 eligible and capable aspirants for Chief General Manager Posts. Candidates who are looking for govt jobs in APGCL can apply for this recruitment notification by submitting offline application form before the closing date i.e.(16th July 2018). Candidates can download format of application of through official website www.apgcl.org & fill all information into form and attach the copies of all the necessary documents with the application form Send the application to the address given below in the post along with the required documents.
Educational Qualifications For APGCL Jobs 2018: Candidates who have completed Graduation Degree, Chartered Accountant or a Cost Accountant from the recognized university or institution with required minimum marks can apply for APGCL jobs 2018.
General/ OBC & MOBC Category candidates have to pay Rs. 500/-.
The age of candidate who is willing to apply for APGCL must be between 50 to 57 Years (For Internal), 50 to 55 Years (For Others) As on 01-06-2018.
Pay Scale: Qualified Candidates for APGCL vacancies will get a pay scale of Rs. 42,000 - 1,16,000/- with 20,000/- Per month.
Contenders for Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited Jobs 2018 are selected based on their performance in .
How to Apply for APGCL Vacancy?
First of all you have to logon to the Official website of organization that is www.apgcl.org. | RedPajamaC4_7167565743498758475 | Slimpajama627bTrain/chunk1 |