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What are the ten best restaurants in London?	Clerkenwell Clerkenwell is home to some of the best restaurants in London, including St John and the Michelin-starred Club Gascon. Bardot Brasserie Bardot Brasserie has a 4.5 out of 5 rating from Zagat. USA Today named it one of the top ten best restaurants on the Las Vegas Strip and one of the top ten French restaurants in Las Vegas. Gayot rates Bardot Brasserie 15 out of 20. Barbecue restaurant Some barbecue restaurants in London, England include London's Pitt Cue Co. and Barbecoa, the latter of which is owned by Jamie Oliver. Casa Tua Camden Casa Tua Camden is one of two Italian restaurants in London opened by Giuseppe Miggiano, native from Italy, Salento, Nociglia, (born 25 May 1985) and moved in London in 2009. Ten of the Best Ten of the Best was a boxed set of novels published by Penguin Books with the strapline Ten top novels from ten leading authors, () English cuisine In 2005, 600 food critics writing for the British Restaurant magazine named 14 British restaurants among the 50 best restaurants in the world, the number one being The Fat Duck in Bray, Berkshire, led by its chef Heston Blumenthal. The quality of London's best restaurants has made the city a leading centre of international cuisine. Masque (restaurant) Masque is best known for its 10-course tasting menu and is often counted among Asia's and India's best restaurants. In 2022, it was ranked #21 in the list of Asia's 50 Best Restaurants. The World's 50 Best Restaurants In 2019 the Best of the Best category was created, a hall of fame for restaurants that have reached the pinnacle of the No.1 position in The World’s 50 Best Restaurants list. With the creation of this list, No.1 winners are no longer eligible to be voted on new editions of the list. San Sebastián San Sebastián is renowned for its Basque cuisine. San Sebastián and the surrounding area is home to a high concentration of restaurants with Michelin stars, including Arzak (San Sebastián), Berasategi (Lasarte), Akelarre (district Igeldo) and Mugaritz (Errenteria). It is the city with the second most Michelin stars per capita in the world, after Kyoto, Japan. According to The World's 50 Best Restaurants ranking in 2013, two of the world's top ten best restaurants were in San Sebastian. As well as these restaurants, the city is known for pintxos (small-plate dishes similar to tapas) which are found in the bars of the Old Quarter and elsewhere in the city. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming.	- Behind; Dalston - Manteca; Shoreditch - Restaurant St. Barts; Smithfield - St. John; Farringdon - F.K.A.B.A.M; Highbury - Sabor; Mayfair - Blacklock; Soho - Planque; Haggerston - Cycene; Shoreditch - Brat; Shoreditch	brainstorming
Is it a gas, liquid, or solid	Liquefaction In physics and chemistry, the phase transitions from solid and gas to liquid (melting and condensation, respectively) may be referred to as liquefaction. The melting point (sometimes called liquefaction point) is the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid. In commercial and industrial situations, the process of condensing a gas to liquid is sometimes referred to as liquefaction of gases. Phase (matter) Distinct phases may be described as different states of matter such as gas, liquid, solid, plasma or Bose–Einstein condensate. Useful mesophases between solid and liquid form other states of matter. Superfluid helium-4 Figure 1 is the phase diagram of He. It is a pressure-temperature (p-T) diagram indicating the solid and liquid regions separated by the melting curve (between the liquid and solid state) and the liquid and gas region, separated by the vapor-pressure line. This latter ends in the critical point where the difference between gas and liquid disappears. The diagram shows the remarkable property that He is liquid even at absolute zero. He is only solid at pressures above 25 bar. Analytical nebulizer Present induction pneumatic nebulizer designs fit into 5 categories: 1. Concentric: Liquid flow surrounded by a Gas flow or Gas flow surrounded by a Liquid flow; 2. Cross Flow: Gas flow at right angles to the Liquid flow; 3. Entrained: Gas and Liquid mixed in the system and emitted as a combined flow. 4. Babington and V Groove: Liquid is spread over a surface to decrease the surface tension, and passed over a gas orifice; 5. Parallel Path: Liquid is delivered beside a gas orifice and induction pulls the liquid into the gas stream. Agamassan Acetylene can readily explode when in liquid or solid form or while being pressurized, if it is pure. Dalén himself was blinded in an acetylene explosion. Leak The matter leaking in or out can be gas, liquid, a highly viscous paste, or even a solid such as a powdered or granular solid or other solid particles. Triple point This table lists the gas–liquid–solid triple points of several substances. Unless otherwise noted, the data come from the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology). Wet gas The behavior of the gases and liquid in a flowing pipe will exhibit various flow characteristics depending on the gas pressure, gas velocity and liquid content, as well as orientation of the piping (horizontal, sloping or vertical). The liquid may be in the form of tiny droplets or the pipe may be filled completely with liquid. Despite the complexity of gas and liquid interaction, attempts have been made to categorize this behavior. These gas and liquid interactions are commonly referred to as flow regimes or flow patterns. Thermoacoustics Usually sound is understood in terms of pressure variations accompanied by an oscillating motion of a medium (gas, liquid or solid). In order to understand thermoacoustic machines, it is of importance to focus on the temperature-position variations rather than the usual pressure-velocity variations. Triple point The gas–liquid–solid triple point of water corresponds to the minimum pressure at which liquid water can exist. At pressures below the triple point (as in outer space), solid ice when heated at constant pressure is converted directly into water vapor in a process known as sublimation. Above the triple point, solid ice when heated at constant pressure first melts to form liquid water, and then evaporates or boils to form vapor at a higher temperature.	Stone, Cloud, oxygen, water, hydrogen, dirt, nitrogen, brick, concrete, lava	classification
Are plastic bags and containers bad for the environment?	Plastic bag Depending on the construction, plastic bags can be suited for plastic recycling. They can be incinerated in appropriate facilities for waste-to-energy conversion. They are stable and benign in sanitary landfills. If disposed of improperly, however, plastic bags can create unsightly litter and harm some types of wildlife. Plastic bags have low recycling rates due to lack of separation ability. Mixed material recycling causes contamination of the material. However, plastic bags are reused before discard at a rate of 1.6 times. Plastic bag Non-compostable plastic bags can take up to 1000 years to decompose. Plastic bags are not capable of biodegradation but rather they photodegrade, a process by which the plastic bags are broken down into smaller toxic parts. In the 2000s, many stores and companies began to use different types of biodegradable bags to comply with perceived environmental benefits. Plastic shopping bag Some modern bags are made of vegetable-based bioplastics, which can decay organically and prevent a build-up of toxic plastic bags in landfills and the natural environment. Bags can also be made from degradable polyethylene film or from polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer derived from lactic acid. However, most degradable bags do not readily decompose in a sealed landfill, and represent a possible contaminant to plastic recycling operations. In general, biodegradable plastic bags need to be kept separate from conventional plastic recycling systems. 2016 California Proposition 67 Those in favor of implementing Proposition 67 claim its passing will reduce litter, protect the ocean and wildlife, and reduce cleanup costs. Single-use plastic bags are one of the most common forms of litter and create environmental problems both on land and in water. An estimated 300 million plastic bags end up in the Atlantic Ocean, creating problems for sea-life. Build up of plastic bags on land lead to drainage problems resulting in floods. Plastic bags on land are slow to decompose, thus posing a continued threat to wildlife unless dealt with through human intervention and clean up. Julie Packard, Executive Director of the Monterey Bay Aquarium states: Plastic bags harm wildlife everyday. Sea turtles, sea otters, seals, fish, and birds are tangled by plastic bags; some mistake the bags for food, fill their stomachs with plastics and die of starvation. YES on 67 is a common-sense solution to reduce plastic in our ocean, lakes and streams, and protect wildlife. Plastic bag ban Plastic bags cause many minor and major ecological and environmental issues. The most general issue with plastic bags is the amount of waste produced. Many plastic bags end up on streets and subsequently pollute major water sources, rivers, and streams. Plastic bag ban Two primary kinds of direct damage to wildlife are entanglement and ingestion. Animals can become entangled and drown. Plastic bags are often ingested by animals that cannot distinguish them from food. As a result, they clog their intestines which results in death by starvation. Plastic bags can block drains, trap birds and kill livestock. The World Wide Fund for Nature has estimated that over 100,000 whales, seals, and turtles die every year as a result of eating or being trapped by plastic bags. In India, an estimated number of 20 cows die per day as a result of ingesting plastic bags and having their digestive systems clogged by the bags. It is also very common across Africa to have sewers and drain systems clogged by bags which cause severe cases of malaria due to the increased population of mosquitoes that live on the flooded sewers. The term white pollution has been coined in China to describe the local and global effects of discarded plastic bags upon the environment. Chemical industry in China China government has made efforts to fight the pollution. Free plastic shopping bags were banned in 2008. The production of plastic bags causes a waste of resource and energy and environmental pollution because plastic bags are non-recyclable. Reusable shopping bag First introduced in the US in 1977, plastic shopping bags for bagging groceries at stores flourished in the 1980s and 1990s, replacing paper bags. In 1990s, governments in some countries started to impose taxes on distribution of disposable plastic bags or to regulate the use of them. Some supermarkets have encouraged shoppers to stop using disposable plastic bags, by for example offering inexpensive reusable shopping bags or providing information on plastic bags environmental damage. The physical shape of reusable shopping bags is often different than was typical before the prevalence of plastic bags. The apparel industry promotes reusable shopping bags as sustainable fashion. Green Student Council A survey concerning the use of plastic bags on No Plastic Bags Day (NPBD) had been done in early July 2006. There were 1034 supermarket customers being interviewed at the door of supermarket outlets randomly in major districts in Hong Kong e.g. Tuen Mun, Wong Tai Sin, Wan Chai. Plastic bag ban The production of some non-plastic bags (e.g. paper, cotton, using virgin plastic such as plastic having thickness of 50 micron) can produce more greenhouse gas emissions than plastic bags, which means that greenhouse gas emissions may increase on net following plastic bag bans. Alternatives to plastic bags would need to be reused over a hundred times to make them more environmentally friendly than plastic bags. They are also viewed as less sanitary than plastic because they can bring germs from outside the store to high contact volume surfaces like carts and check out stands.	In short, yes. Surprisingly, though, that has not always been the consensus, and in some cases, it is not true. In the 1970s energy crisis, reducing the weight of materials, and increasing the shelf life of goods (which helps with optimizing transportation methods) were widely lauded as environmentally positive. In short, paper bags weigh more than plastic bags, and transportation requires fossil fuels, and of course fossil fuels impact the environment in widely documented ways. Also, some plastics like PET have great recycling track records. So if it reduces energy consumption, increases shelf life, and can be recycled it seems like a huge environmental win. However, plastics are very durable, and now micro-plastics are everywhere. They are in the deepest ocean trenches, accumulated in many species of animals and plants, and will be for our lifetimes. Their toxicity and negative impacts are just beginning to be understood. This has driven the removal of "single use plastics" from a lot of commerce, with further reductions called for by environmental groups worldwide.	creative_writing
What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of an idle mind?	Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow The foundation of bi-yearly British magazine The Idler was influenced by the title and the ideas expressed in Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow. Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, published in 1886, is a collection of humorous essays by Jerome K. Jerome. It was the author’s second published book and it helped establish him as a leading English humorist. While widely considered one of Jerome’s better works, and in spite of using the same style as Three Men in a Boat, it was never as popular as the latter. A second Idle Thoughts book, The Second Thoughts of An Idle Fellow, was published in 1898. Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow Lazy Thoughts of a Lazy Girl, a book by the pseudonymous Jenny Wren, was published in 1891. The actual author is still anonymous. The book has the same form as Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, but is from the point of view of a woman. Idleness Such a view is reflected in the proverb an idle mind is the devil's workshop. Also, the popular phrase killing time refers to idleness and can be defined as spending time doing nothing in particular in order that time seems to pass more quickly. These interpretations of idleness are not universal – they are more typically associated with Western cultures. Idleness was considered a disorderly offence in England punishable as a summary offense. Yukio Ishizuka Menninger KA. What is a healthy mind ?. In : The Healthy-Minded Child. Crawford NA, Menninger KA (eds.), NY : Coward-McCann, pp 3–17, 1930 Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Nan Chiau High School The SAP Flagship Programme forms a major part of Nan Chiau High's niche curriculum as a SAP school. It is designed with the incorporation of Howard Gardner’s Five Minds for the Future (Disciplined Mind, Synthesizing Mind, Ethical Mind, Creating Mind, Respectful Mind), with an additional sixth mind, the ‘Bi-cultural Mind’. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br>	1. An idle mind is like a garden waiting to be planted with the seeds of creative ideas. 2. An idle mind is like a blank canvas waiting to be filled with fresh and original thoughts. 3. An idle mind is like a time machine that can transport us to a different world of possibilities. 4. An idle mind is like a treasure chest full of hidden riches waiting to be unearthed. 5. An idle mind is like a garden hose that can irrigate us with ideas and solutions.	brainstorming
What is an actuary?	Prediction An actuary uses actuarial science to assess and predict future business risk, such that the risk(s) can be mitigated. For example, in insurance an actuary would use a life table (which incorporates the historical experience of mortality rates and sometimes an estimate of future trends) to project life expectancy. Actuary The profession has consistently been ranked as one of the most desirable. In various studies in the United States, being an actuary was ranked first or second multiple times since 2010 and in the top 20 for most of the past decade. Enrolled actuary An enrolled actuary is an actuary enrolled by the Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). Enrolled actuaries, under regulations of the Department of the Treasury and the Department of Labor, perform a variety of tasks with respect to pension plans in the United States under ERISA. As of July, 2020, there were approximately 3,500 enrolled actuaries. Government Actuary's Department The government actuary is the individual actuary that is responsible for the overall running and leadership of GAD. The holders of this role have been: Albert Quiquet Quiquet graduated from the École Normale Supérieure in 1883. He became in 1886 an actuary at one of the largest French insurance companies, La Nationale Compagnie d'Assurances sur la vie, and later became the chief actuary there, a position he held for nearly 30 years. He became a full member of the Institute of Actuaries of France in 1893. Joe Buff Joe Buff is an American author of naval techno-thrillers, including the bestseller Tidal Rip. Before becoming a full-time writer in 1997, he was an actuary for 20 years. Institute of Actuaries Upon completion of the university degree, students would then complete all remaining examinations through the Institute of Actuaries to qualify as an actuary and become a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries (FIA). Actuary An actuary is a business professional who deals with the measurement and management of risk and uncertainty. The name of the corresponding field is actuarial science. These risks can affect both sides of the balance sheet and require asset management, liability management, and valuation skills. Actuaries provide assessments of financial security systems, with a focus on their complexity, their mathematics, and their mechanisms. Actuarial credentialing and exams In Norway the education to become an actuary takes five years. The education usually consists of a bachelor's degree (three years) and a master's degree (two years). The bachelor's degree needs to contain a specific number of courses in mathematics and statistics. The master's degree usually consists of one year of courses and one year writing a master's degree about a topic related to the actuarial profession. The University of Bergen and The University of Oslo offer the education to become an actuary in Norway. Office of the Chief Actuary The Office of the Chief Actuary is a government agency that has responsibility for actuarial estimates regarding social welfare programs. In Canada, the Office of the Chief Actuary works with the Canada Pension Plan and the Old Age Security Program. In the United States, the Social Security Administration has an Office of the Chief Actuary that deals with Social Security, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have an Office of the Actuary that deals with Medicare and Medicaid. A similar agency in the United Kingdom is called the Government Actuary's Department (GAD).	An actuary is a specialist in the valuation of the financial impact of risk and uncertainty. They apply statistical techniques and expert industry knowledge. Actuaries usually work in the insurance and banking industries.	open_qa
Tell me wether these are cities, or states? IL, chicago, Texas, Fremont, Washington, Washington DC, san jose, bay area	Cena Barhaghi Cena was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area in Fremont, California where he attended Mission San Jose High School and San Jose State University. Fremont station (BART) Fremont is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station in central Fremont, California, United States. The station is served by the Berryessa/North San José–Richmond and Berryessa/North San José–Daly City lines. It was the terminus of both lines from September 11, 1972, until March 25, 2017, when Warm Springs/South Fremont station opened. Capitol Corridor The Capitol Corridor is a passenger train route in Northern California operated by Amtrak between San Jose, in the Bay Area, and Auburn, in the Sacramento Valley. The route is named after the two points most trains operate between, San Jose (which hosted the first state capitol of California) and Sacramento (which currently hosts the California State Capitol). The route runs roughly parallel to Interstate 880 and Interstate 80. Some trips run from Oakland to San Jose, while a single daily round trip runs all the way from San Jose to Auburn, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Capitol Corridor trains started in 1991. Fremont, California Fremont is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the East Bay region of the Bay Area, Fremont has a population of 230,504 as of 2020, making it the fourth most populous city in the Bay Area, behind San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland. It is the closest East Bay city to the high-tech Silicon Valley network of businesses, and has a strong tech industry presence. Media in the San Francisco Bay Area The San Francisco Bay Area is currently the fourth-largest radio market in the United States, with all of the major U.S. radio networks having affiliates serving the region. While most radio stations targeting the Bay Area originate in San Francisco, it also includes stations broadcasting from San Jose, mostly to South Bay listeners and other parts of the Bay Area depending on reception. The San Jose radio market ranks as the 37th largest, but is considered an embedded market within the Bay Area. Downtown San Jose Downtown is a major tech cluster in Silicon Valley. It is home to Adobe World Headquarters, Zoom HQ, BEA Systems HQ, and numerous facilities and offices of major tech companies, including Amazon Lab126 and Google. The Bay Area's largest news organization, the Mercury News is headquartered on St. James Park. Downtown San Jose has a large concentration of hotels and hospitality services in San Jose, including The Westin San Jose, the Hilton San Jose, Marriott San Jose, Sheraton San Jose, largely concentrated near the San Jose Convention Center. San Jose, California San Jose is located at . San Jose is located within the Santa Clara Valley, in the southern part of the Bay Area in Northern California. The northernmost portion of San Jose touches San Francisco Bay at Alviso, though most of the city lies away from the bayshore. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , making the fourth-largest city in California by land area (after Los Angeles, San Diego and California City). Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area Bay Wheels (launched as Bay Area Bike Share) is a regional public bicycle sharing system that serves the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Emeryville, and San Jose. Washington DC Sports Hall of Fame The Washington DC Sports Hall of Fame is a hall of fame celebrating sportspeople in the Washington, DC area. It is located in left field of Nationals Park. Jo Radner Joan Newlon Radner is an American folklorist, storyteller and oral historian. She is Professor Emerita at American University in Washington, DC.	Washington DC, Chicago, Freemont, San jose are cities, and IL, Texas, Washington are US states. Bay area is neither a state nor a city. It is referring to the area in northern CA which consists of multiple cities.	classification
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Sabar, Sharud	Kingri (string instrument) Kingri is a chordophone Indian bowed string instrument (string spike fiddle), similar to Rabab and Ravanastron. It has a resonator box of unglazed pottery, through which a stick is passed to function as the neck. Bladder fiddle On percussion instruments, the drum has been turned sideways on the instrument and the string runs across it like the sound-table on a spike lute. The string has been dropped in some cases, the bow stick becoming a drumstick and the instrument now a percussion instrument, called a boomba, stamp fiddle, stumpf fiddle, or pogo cello. Also called Devil's stick, Devil's violin, boom bass, hum strum, teufel stick or stomp stick. In the percussion instrument, the string may still have limited use as a chordophone, if it has been set up with a tuning peg to tighten the string; if used in this manner, the instrument is bowed with a notched stick, producing rough sounds. In some modern instruments, the string has been replaced by a long spring, solely a percussion instrument, and in other instruments the string has been dropped altogether. The Polish (Devil's fiddle) often has no string, but includes the memory of the instrument's past, by placing a violin-shaped piece of wood on the instrument. Sabar The sabar is a traditional drum from Senegal that is also played in the Gambia. It is associated with Wolof and Serer people. Pitched percussion instrument A pitched percussion instrument (also known as a melodic or tuned percussion instrument) is a percussion instrument used to produce musical notes of one or more pitches, as opposed to an unpitched percussion instrument which is used to produce sounds of indefinite pitch. Krachappi The Department of Cultural Promotion listed Krachappi as a cultural heritage in 2011. Krachappi is an ancient Thai instrument and has been with the Thai people for over a century. The appearance, playing method, and song of Krachappi are all associated with Thai history. Thai music instruments are divided into 4 groups, namely, strum, string, percussion, and brass. Sabar (river) The following towns and villages are situated along the river Sabar, from source to mouth: Bântău, Glâmbocata, Crângurile de Jos, Găești, Dragodana, Mătăsaru, Costeștii din Vale, Crovu, Potlogi, Florești, Stoenești, Palanca, Poenari, Bolintin-Vale, Mihai Vodă, Domnești, Bragadiru, Măgurele, Jilava, Vidra, Vărăști, Valea Dragului String instrument String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner. Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium There are many music rooms with string, percussion, woodwind and brass instruments, as well as pianos and keyboards. Additionally, pupils have to study music theory. Every student that plays an instrument like the piano, recorder or flute can join the school's Highschool Band. Gubguba The gubguba, also known as gabgubagub, guba, gopijantro, gubgubbi, ananda lahari, premtal, khamak, khomok, chonka, jamidika, jamuku and bapang is an Indian percussion string instrument. Rattle (percussion beater) A rattle is a percussion beater that is attached to or enclosed by a percussion instrument so that motion of the instrument will cause the rattle to strike the instrument and create musical sound.	Sharud is string, Sabar is percussion.	classification
What is the fastest car?	Max Verstappen Following Verstappen's maiden pole position at the 2019 Hungarian Grand Prix, former Formula One World Champion Nico Rosberg described him as the fastest driver in Formula One. Rosberg elucidated that Verstappen did not have the fastest car during the qualifying session in Hungary, emphasising that it was Verstappen's raw speed that allowed him to secure pole position: Mercedes still had the fastest car, and it's just Verstappen with his driving that put it up there in pole. Ascari A10 On 9 December 2007, the Ascari A10 was featured in the UK show Top Gear and driven around the track by The Stig in 1:17.3. This made it the fastest car at the time, and, as of 2015, the ninth fastest. 2006 Indianapolis 500 Sam Hornish Jr. (226.056 mph) was the fastest car of the day. The track closed early due to rain at 3:30 p.m. Fastest Car The series, which serves as Netflix's first global automotive series, was created by Scott Weintrob and produced by Conde Nast Entertainment and Large Eyes for the streaming service. Mercedes-Benz M06 engine The M06 has a supercharged, single overhead camshaft, 7-litre straight-6 engine that produces . Depending on state of tune, there is over 500lbs of torque, which made the SSK the fastest car of its day. A clutch operates the supercharger that is engaged by fully depressing the throttle pedal with an extra push, whereas letting off the throttle pedal disengages it. Fastest Car Fastest Car is a Netflix original series which premiered on April 6, 2018. It is a reality-show where drivers of stock exotic supercars go up against sleeper cars in a quarter-mile drag race. Supercars include a Lamborghini Aventador, Lamborghini Huracán, Ford GT, Ferrari 458, Ferrari 488, Dodge Viper, McLaren MP4, McLaren 675LT, McLaren 650S, and McLaren 720S. American Stock Car Challenge Next test was 3 weeks later at Laguna Seca. The high speeds attainable at Laguna Seca, played into the strengths of the truck. The Truck was the fastest car on the track. It was decided at the last minute to enter the 3 hour enduro that afternoon. 2015 Sylvania 300 Speaking on his third–place finish, Joey Logano said that he would take it. It was a blue collar day. It maybe wasn't the fastest car and maybe not even a top–five car at times, but we did a good job working on it. 2013 Fuji GT 300km The #1 MOLA Nissan GT-R was the fastest car in the GT500 class, while the #6 Team LeMans Lexus SC430 was 2nd fastest. In GT300 the #30 apr Nissan GT-R GT3 was fastest from two other Nissan GT-R's, the #3 NDDP Racing in 2nd and the #5 Team Mach in 3rd. The #50 Arnage Aston Martin V12 Vantage GT3 had suspension trouble during the session and only managed 23rd fastest. 2015 Goodwood Festival of Speed It was Patrick Friesacher's Toyota Camry NASCAR that also attracted the crowd's attention as the Camry caught fire whilst doing a burnout. The century-old Fiat S76 Record The Beast of Turin, unofficially the fastest car in the world in 1911, was restored by Duncan Pittaway for this event, and driven for the first time in more than one hundred years.	In 2017, the Koenigsegg Agera RS reached a top speed of 447.19 km/h (277.87 mph).	open_qa
When is India's independence day?	Nilesh Naik Naik is also remembered thrice a year when the national flag is hosted on India's Republic day (26 January), India's Independence day (15 August) and Goa Liberation Day (19 December) at his memorial in Bhoot Khamb plateau, Ponda. Independence Day (East Timor) East Timor's Independence Day or Independence Day on 28 November is a national holiday in East Timor held to celebrate independence of the country. Mangal Das Pakvasa In the first years after India's independence, leading politicians, including Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Mangal Das Pakvasa, as well as Scout leaders tried to unify India's Scouts and Guides. Republic Day (Philippines) Initially, the nation's Independence Day holiday (Araw ng Kalayaan) was held on July 4. President Diosdado Macapagal moved it to June 12, the date in 1898 on which Emilio Aguinaldo issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain. Philippine Republic Day was created in its place and kept as a holiday under Macapagal, coinciding with the United States's own Independence Day. Ranhera Ranhera is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in Ranhera and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom. The Republic Day Parade. Republic Day The Constitution of India came into force, and India declared itself a Republic on 26 January 1950, a day thereafter celebrated annually as Republic Day in India. The Constitution had been drafted by the Constituent Assembly headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar which was set up when India gained its independence from the British in 1947. This, in fact, was a deliberate act: The 26 January was initially India's Independence Day, one of Mahatma Gandhi's many symbolic acts during India's struggle for freedom against British colonial rule, and the adoption of the Constitution on this date was felt able to strengthen its initial meaning, one calling for Indians of all ages to declare their freedom from the British Raj by Mahatama Gandhi. It is one of three national holidays in India, the other two being the nation's Independence Day on 15 August (since 1947) and the birthday of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on 2 October. Independence Day (Botswana) Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, fairs, picnics, concerts, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of Botswana. Independence Day is the National Day of Botswana. New Delhi New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August), the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom. The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might. Shenxianwan Prior to India's independence, the British defined the northern border of Jammu and Kashmir along Aktagh and the Yarkand River. The location of Shenxianwan was thus included in India. Harrisburg Independence Day Celebration Harrisburg's Independence Day Celebration is an annual music and food festival that takes place in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on Fourth of July weekend. It is the state's largest Independence Day weekend music festival. Festivities take place along Riverfront Park and City Island and consist of street concerts, food and craft vendors, a wine/beer garden, amusement rides and a large fireworks display.	India celebrates her independence day on the 15th day of August every year. The prime minister hoists the national flag at red fort and gives a speech to the nation.	open_qa
Who won the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship?	1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship On 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first championship title since 1926. 1968 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship On 29 September 1968, Claughaun won the championship after a 2-09 to 2-05 defeat of Adare in the final. It was their eighth championship title overall and their first championship title in ten years. 1971 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship On 12 December 1971, Claughaun won the championship after a 6-06 to 2-13 defeat of South Liberties in the final. It was their ninth championship title overall and their first championship title in three years. 1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship The 1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. 1986 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship On 28 September 1986, Claughaun won the championship after a 1-09 to 0-09 defeat of Adare in the final. It was their 10th championship title overall and their first championship since 1971. It remains their last championship triumph. 1958 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship On 14 September 1958, Claughaun won the championship after a 2-09 to 1-04 defeat of Cappamore in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their second championship title in succession. 1960 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship On 11 September 1960, Kilmallock won the championship after a 4–05 to 0–04 defeat of Claughaun in the final. It was their first ever championship title. 1957 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship The 1957 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. Claughaun GAA The club won its first Limerick Senior Hurling Championship in 1914, and went on the claim the title again in 1915, 1916, 1918 and 1926. In all Claughaun have won the SHC on ten occasions, the most recent title coming in 1986. Leo O'Connor (hurler) In 1986 he was a member of the Claughaun senior hurling team that reached the championship decider. A 1-9 to 0-9 defeat of Adare gave O'Connor a Limerick Senior Hurling Championship medal.	The 1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. Cappamore were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by St. Patrick's. On 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first championship title since 1926.	summarization
Give me a list of 10 different SciFi movies and which year they were released	Time's List of the 10 Best Graphic Novels The Time<nowiki>'</nowiki>s List of the 10 Best Graphic Novels is an unranked list of the 10 best graphic novels published between 1938 and 2006. The list was compiled by Time Magazine critic Lev Grossman. 2010s The following is a list of the 10 best-selling books of the decade. Note that global data is unavailable and this is limited to the United States: Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. TV3 (Catalonia) TV3 produces a number of series and TV movies each year and these have won a number of international prizes, including the Los Angeles Critics Equus Stercoris Award. Some of these are: Hollywood Mogul Movies come in fifteen set genres, ranging from comedy to drama to science fiction, as well as six subgenres such as farce or slapstick. Movies can rise and fall depending on what genre they are and what time of year they are released. Brainstorming Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways.	Independence Day (1999) Dune (2021) Solaris (2002) Inception (2010) Gattaca (1997) Jurassic Park (1993) AI Artificial Intelligence (2001) The Matrix (1999) The Terminator (1994) Star Wars (1977)	brainstorming
When did Hungary gain its independence?	Bougainville Island The Autonomous Region of Bougainville is scheduled to gain independence from Papua New Guinea by 2027. Blaxit After World War II, when Ghana became the first sub-Saharan colonialized African nation to gain independence in 1957, the country became attractive to US Blacks for travel and emigration. Maya Angelou and W.E.B. Dubois moved there. Fezzan-Ghadames Military Territory Fezzan joined Tripolitania and Cyrenaica to form the Kingdom of Libya on 24 December 1951. It was the first country to achieve independence through the United Nations and one of the first former European possessions in Africa to gain independence. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Allied administration of Libya When Libya declared its independence on 24 December 1951, ending the Allied occupation of Libya, it was the first country to achieve independence through the United Nations and one of the first former European possessions in Africa to gain independence. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Human rights in Ghana Ghana is a sovereign country in West Africa. It was a British colony until 6th March 1957, when it became the first country, south of the Sahara to gain independence. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Hungary–Kosovo relations The Hungary–Kosovo relations are foreign relations between Hungary and Kosovo. Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Hungary recognised it on 19 March 2008. Hungary has an embassy in Pristina.	Hungary declared independence on October 17, 1918 and officially formed its government on November 1 of that year.	open_qa
Why do people enjoy surfing	Curl Girls Despite their differences, all the women enjoy surfing. They compete to win a trip to Hawaii, but the competition strains their relationships. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Rosebud (magazine company) Rosebud’s tagline was The Magazine for People Who Enjoy Good Writing, and is now The Biggest Little Literary Magazine in the World. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Johnsonville Foods In 2017, Johnsonville became the title sponsor for the American Cornhole League. Explaining why it sponsors cornhole, the company's director over strategic growth said the game is played, where people enjoy our products--in backyards during barbecues and tailgate parties. Red Triangle (Pacific Ocean) The Red Triangle is the colloquial name of a roughly triangle-shaped region off the coast of northern California, extending from Bodega Bay, north of San Francisco, out slightly beyond the Farallon Islands, and down to the Big Sur region, south of Monterey. The area has a very large population of marine mammals, such as elephant seals, harbor seals, sea otters and sea lions, which are favored prey of great white sharks. Around thirty-eight percent of recorded great white shark attacks on humans in the United States have occurred within the Red Triangle—eleven percent of the worldwide total. The area encompasses the beaches of the heavily populated San Francisco Bay Area, and many people enjoy surfing, windsurfing, swimming and diving in these waters. J-Pop Summit Ramen Summit* is where the top ramen restaurants gather to show off their best broth and noodles. People can enjoy ‘slurping’ a variety of ramen, including Tonkotsu (pork bone broth), Miso, Shoyu (soy broth), Tsuke-men and more. The list of ramen shops that have participated are: Orenchi Beyond, Hinodeya Ramen & Bar, Marufuku Ramen, YOROSHIKU, nojo ramen tavern, Naruto Ramen, Ramen TAKA, and Iza Ramen. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Shoulder surfing (surfing) In surfing, shoulder surfing (also known as shoulder hopping) is getting on a wave where another surfer is already riding. It is seen as poor etiquette. Walking Many people enjoy walking as a recreation in the mainly urban modern world, and it is one of the best forms of exercise. For some, walking is a way to enjoy nature and the outdoors; and for others the physical, sporting and endurance aspect is more important.	Surfing is enjoyable because it connects you with the ocean and can often be seen as therapeutic. Additionally surfing can often be a great form of exercise which helps maintain a healthy lifestyle. Lastly, surfing is done in the ocean and typically near a beach. People enjoy the atmosphere and joy the beach brings.	open_qa
What is the English Premier League?	Alexei Rojas Fedorushchenko As a youth player, Rojas Fedorushchenko joined the youth academy of English Premier League side Arsenal. Inside the premier league Inside the premier league is a TV program that airs Monday through Thursday on Abu Dhabi Sports Channel (Abu Dhabi Sports 3) that shows the latest news of the English Premier League. It is hosted by a number of former players, team managers (Darren Anderton, Peter Reid, Dietmar Hamann, among many) and the famous Moroccan reporter, Ali Alqarni. Hockey Victoria Clubs may only enter one team in the Premier League (PL), and this is treated as that club's First XI or highest-ranked team. Premier League (PL) is the premier competition in Victoria. After the renaming to Premier League at the end of 2012, the competition for premier league has two grades Premier League and Reserves. A club playing in premier league automatically has a team in reserves. The number of clubs in premier league in 2019 is sixteen. To gain promotion to premier league a club must satisfy League Entry Criteria published by Hockey Victoria. The lowest team on the ladder in premier league is subject to demotion. Premier League Productions Premier League Productions is an IMG produced company with studio shows and commentators for worldwide viewers of Premier League association football. Alan Green (broadcaster) Green has disputed the notion that the English Premier League is the greatest in the world. In 2013, he wrote an article in which he said: The Premier League I see week in, week out, isn't remotely as good as it thinks it is. In the article for the Belfast Telegraph, Green criticised what he called woeful defending, selfish, oafish behaviour and the underwhelming, overpaid footballers that populate the Premier League. Premier League Riders Championship The Premier League Riders Championship was a contest between the top riders (or two riders) with the highest average points total from each club competing in the Premier League in the United Kingdom. The championship was inaugurated in 1995, the same year that the Premier League was formed. For its first two years, the Premier League was the top league in Britain. From 1997 it was the second tier after the Elite League was formed. 2012 7s Premier League The 2012 7s Premier League (also known as the NBM 7s Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the first edition of the 7s Premier League tournament and was held at Outeniqua Park, George on 14 and 15 December 2012. Wightlink Raiders In the 1990s, they dominated the English National League (now called the English Premier League), winning the league a record five straight years, including winning the league's cup competition during that time as well. Premier League Cup (football) The Premier League Cup is an English football competition run by the Premier League for under–21 sides. Premier League (speedway) The Team that finished 1st in the League were crowned Premier League Champions, with the top 4 teams further competing in the Premier League Play-Offs.	The English Premier League is the top flight of men’s football in England. The 38 match season extends from August to May, during which each of 20 teams play a home and away match against each of the other teams. A win earns a team 3 points, a draw is 1 point, and a loss is 0 points. The team with the most points at the end of the season wins. Unlike American sports, there are no playoffs to determine a champion. The 3 teams with the least points are relegated to the second level of English football, The Championship. To fill those spots in the next season, the top 3 teams from The Championship are promoted to the Premier League.	general_qa
Who is the 'sole Survivor' on the TV Show Survivor?	Survivor (franchise) Survivor is a reality-competition television franchise produced in many countries around the world. The show features a group of contestants deliberately marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide basic survival necessities for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the Sole Survivor. Survivor NZ Following the basic premise of other international versions of the format, it features a group of contestants who are marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains and is given the title of Sole Survivor and awarded the grand prize. The first season's Sole Survivor received the prize of $100,000 New Zealand Dollars. By the second season, the prize for the winner got bumped up to $250,000. Survivor (Israeli TV series) Following the basic premise of other international versions of the franchise, it features a group of contestants who are marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants, until only one remains and is given the title of The Last Survivor and is awarded the grand prize of 1 million NIS. Survivor România Following the basic premise of other international versions of the format, it features a group of contestants who are marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game until only one remains and is given the title of Sole Survivor and awarded the grand prize. The first two seasons's Sole Survivor received the prize of €50.000. By the third season, the prize for the winner got bumped up to €100.000. Supraviețuitorul The show maroons a group of strangers in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants, until only one remains and is given the title of Sole Survivor and is awarded the grand prize of €100,000. Koh-Lanta Following the basic premise of other international versions of the Survivor format, it features a group of contestants who are marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains and is declared the winner and awarded the grand prize of €100,000. Survivor (American TV series) Survivor places a group of strangers in an isolated location, where they must provide food, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges including testing the contestants' physical ability like running and swimming or their mental abilities like puzzles and endurance challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains and is given the title of Sole Survivor and is awarded the grand prize of US$1,000,000 ($2,000,000 in ). Australian Survivor Australian Survivor is an Australian adventure reality game show based on the international Survivor format. Following the premise of other versions of the Survivor format, the show features a group of contestants, referred to as castaways as they are marooned in an isolated location. The castaways must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in various challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted off the island by their fellow castaways. The final castaway remaining is awarded the title of Sole Survivor and the grand prize of A$500,000. Survivor Croatia Survivor Croatia is a Croatian reality game show based on the international Survivor format. Following the premise of other versions of the Survivor format, the show features a group of contestants, referred to as castaways as they are marooned in an isolated location. The castaways must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in various challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted off the island by their fellow castaways, or eliminated through challenges. The final castaway remaining is awarded the title of Sole Survivor and the grand prize (700,000HRK in season 1, €50,000 in season 2). Survivor (British TV series) Survivor is a British competition television series based on the international reality franchise of the same name. The series aired for two series on ITV network in 2001 and 2002, before being revived in 2023 by BBC. Following the premise of other versions of the format, the show features a group of contestants become castaways as they are marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted off the island by their fellow castaways. The final castaway remaining is awarded the title of Ultimate Survivor and a monetary prize.	The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the "Sole Survivor".	closed_qa
Why do companies play dividends?	Dividend future From a risk profile perspective, dividends are unique. When a company's profit improve, dividends usually rise; when they fall dividends are cut. However, dividends are somewhat resilient because companies tend to smooth the variations of their dividend payments. For these reasons, research have highlighted that dividends are in between stocks and bonds in terms of risk-reward. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Ivar Kreuger Many of his financial schemes did indeed have some parallels with a Ponzi scheme in as much as he needed to raise more and more funds in order to finance the loans he extended to governments in exchange for match monopolies. It's obvious that it's impossible to have earnings in single digits (as these sovereign loans typically paid) and continue paying dividends in double digits. Dividends were as high as 20%. However, while paying high dividends was definitely one of the attractions of Kreuger's companies, paying dividends to his investors did not come exclusively from new investors, which is the case in Ponzi schemes. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Mind CTI From 2003 the company has issued both ordinary dividends under this policy and extraordinary dividends for a total of US$5.30 per share: Taxation in South Africa Dividends Tax is a policy tax imposed by government with the aim of encouraging companies to retain profits instead of giving out dividends. It takes the form of a 20% tax on receipt of dividends given by companies and closed corporations. With the imposition of a highest income tax bracket of 45% on individuals, dividends tax was increased at the same time to prevent capital gains tax vs dividends tax arbitrage situations involving high net worth individuals. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Alternative Investment Market As of 1 October 2018, just under a third of AIM-listed companies have paid shareholders a dividend within their most recent financial year. The largest companies to have paid dividends include: Fevertree Drinks PLC (FEVR), Burford Capital Ltd (BUR), and Abcam PLC (ABC). The smallest companies to have paid dividends include: Holders Technology PLC (HDT), Aeorema Communications PLC (AEO), and Stilo International (STL).	Companies will pay dividends out of their after tax earnings. It's generally done to signal to shareholders that the balance sheet is strong and that growth is expected without the need to reinvest all free cashflow back into the business.	open_qa
Which major league baseball season is considered Sid Gordon's breakout year?	Sid Gordon In 1948 Gordon was 3rd in the National League in slugging percentage (.537), 4th in RBIs (107), 5th in home runs (30; a career high) and at-bats per home run (17.4), 6th in runs (100; a career high) and total bases (280), 8th in batting average (.299), 9th in walks (74) and OBP (.390), and 10th in stolen bases (8). He was voted onto the All-Star team for his first time. The Giants held Sid Gordon Day at the Polo Grounds, and he received a new car, golf clubs, and a set of luggage. July 3 was also dubbed Sid Gordon Day at Ebbets Field, marking a rare honor for a visiting player. He finished 4th in voting for the 1948 National League MVP. Sid Gordon After his breakout 1948 season, Gordon held out in the spring of 1949. He signed for $2,500 ($ today) less than he wanted. In 1949 he was 4th in the league in at-bats-per-home run (18.8), 5th in home runs (26) and walks (95; a career high), 6th in OBP (.404), and 9th in slugging percentage (.505). In 1949 he homered twice in one inning, tying a major league record that still stands. He was voted onto the All-Star team for the second year in a row. He finished 30th in voting for the 1949 NL MVP. Sid Gordon In 1952 he finished 4th in the league in home runs (25) and at-bats per home run (20.9), 7th in obp (.384) and slugging percentage (.483), and 8th in walks (77). He finished 30th in voting for the 1952 NL MVP. Sid Gordon In 1951 he finished 2nd in the league in RBIs (109; a career high), 8th in the league in home runs (29), runs (96), and at-bats per home runs (19.0), and 9th in slugging percentage (.500) and walks (80). On August 11 he hit a home run in a doubleheader, the first major league games to be telecast in color. He finished 16th in voting for the 1951 NL MVP. Sid Gordon In 1950, he had a good year, finishing 4th in the league in slugging percentage (.557), 6th in at-bats per home runs (17.8), 7th in obp (.403), 8th in batting average (.304) and doubles (33), and 9th in home runs (27) and RBIs (103), and 10th in walks (78). He also hit 4 grand slams, tying what was then the major league record. While he hit only 5 home runs at home, he hit 22 on the road; the 17 home run disparity tied for the greatest disparity ever in one season at the time. He finished 22nd in voting for the 1950 NL MVP. Sid Gordon At Milford in 1938, Gordon was put at third base, an unfamiliar position, but responded with a .352 average and 25 homers, while playing every game. Gordon led the league in hits (145), total bases (256), and triples (9). Sid Gordon In 1939 Gordon played in Three-I League with the Clinton Giants. He batted .327 and hit 24 triples. In 1941 he hit .304 and stole 15 bases in the International League. Jack Daniels (baseball) Daniels appeared in 106 games, mostly as a right fielder, while sharing outfield duties with Sid Gordon (LF) and Sam Jethroe (CF). He posted a batting average of .187 (41-for-219) with two home runs and 14 runs batted in, scoring 31 runs, and collecting five doubles, one triple and three stolen bases. Sid Gordon Sidney Gordon (August 13, 1917 – June 17, 1975) was an American right-handed Major League Baseball two-time All-Star outfielder, third baseman, and first baseman. Stan Rojek He finished 10th in voting for the 1948 NL MVP for leading the league in Games (156), At Bats (641), Plate Appearances (713) and Singles (150). He also had 85 Runs, 186 Hits, 27 Doubles, 5 Triples, 4 Home Runs, 51 RBI, 24 Stolen Bases, 61 Walks, .290 Batting Average, .355 On-base percentage, .367 Slugging Percentage, 235 Total Bases and 8 Sacrifice Hits.	Sid Gordon during his second stint with the New York Giants in 1948 had one of the best all around hitting performance seasons in mayor league baseball history. Gordon finished in the top ten in ten National League offensive performance statistics including third in slugging percentage (.537), 4th in RBIs (107), 5th in home runs (30; a career high) and at-bats per home run (17.4), 6th in runs (100; a career high) and total bases (280), 8th in batting average (.299), 9th in walks (74) and OBP (.390), and 10th in stolen bases (8). Sid Gordon was also voted to the all-star team and finished 4th in voting for the National League most valuable player (MVP) award.	summarization
Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Gabon. Keren, Franceville, Asmara, Port-Gentil, Assab, Libreville	Roman Catholic Diocese of Port-Gentil The Roman Catholic Diocese of Port-Gentil () is a diocese located in the city of Port-Gentil in the Ecclesiastical province of Libreville in Gabon. Port-Gentil The city has an airport, Port-Gentil International Airport, serving as the main channel of transportation with the world. Regular flights connect it with Libreville, capital of Gabon. Eritrean Catholic Eparchy of Keren The Eritrean Catholic Eparchy of Keren () is a Roman Catholic eparchy centred in the city of Keren in Eritrea. It is a suffragan of the Archeparchy of Asmara, and a constituent eparchy of the Eritrean Catholic Church. Education in Gabon Gabon's main cities of Libreville, Port-Gentil, Franceville, Oyem, Mouila and Tchibanga account for more than 95% of all day care and pre-kindergarten schools in the country. As a result, there is a difference in skill and age among children introduced to C.P.1. This difference results in the average age of students from rural areas being higher per grade level than the average age of students from cities. Banking in Eritrea By the end of the Italian colonial period in 1941, there were four banks and one credit union operating in Eritrea. These banks were: Banca d'Italia, Banco di Napoli, Banco di Roma, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro and Cassa di Credito Agrario e Minerario. These banks had 13 branches in six Eritrean cities: Asmara, Massawa, Keren, Adikeyh, Decamahare and Assab. Keren Subregion Keren Subregion (Cheren Subregion) is a subregion in the northwestern Anseba region (Zoba Anseba) of Eritrea. Its capital lies at Keren (Cheren). JAC (football club) The Jeunesse Athlétique Club de Port-Gentil or simply JAC Port-Gentil is a Gabonese football club based in Port-Gentil, Ogooué-Maritime province. They play in the Gabon Championnat National D2. Eritrean Catholic Archeparchy of Asmara The cathedral of the sui iuris metropolitan see is Kidane Mehret Cathedral in Asmara, the capital city of Eritrea. Other Catholic churches in Asmara include Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, which was the former ecclesiastical seat of the Apostolic Vicariate of Eritrea. St. Michael's Cathedral, Keren St. Michael's Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral located in Keren, Anseba, Eritrea, the seat of the Eritrean Catholic Eparchy of Keren. Port-Gentil Port-Gentil () or Mandji is the second-largest city of Gabon, and it is a leading seaport. It is the center of Gabon's petroleum and timber industries. The city is located on a delta island in the Ogooue delta with no bridges to the mainland. Nearby Cape Lopez is Gabon's westernmost point. As of 2013 census, it had a population of 136,462.	Eritrea - Asmara, Keren, Assab Gabon - Libreville, Port-Gentil, Franceville	classification
What is Depreciation	Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Thung Chang district Neighboring districts are, from the east clockwise, Chaloem Phra Kiat, Pua, Chiang Klang and Song Khwae of Nan Province. To the north is Xaignabouli of Laos. Jiang Nan (novelist) Yang Zhi (; born 1977), better known by the pen name Jiang Nan (), is a Chinese fantasy writer and novelist. He is the CEO of Beijing Smart Dragon Cultural Development Co, Ltd. Nanjido Nanjido (Nan(lily) Ji(mushroom) Do(island)) (Korean: ) was an island on a branch of the Han River of Seoul, Korea. Webist Nan Tian, Yue Xu, Yuefeng Li, Ahmad Abdel-Hafez and Audun Josang. Product Feature Taxonomy Learning based on User Reviews King Nan of Zhou King Nan of Zhou (Ji Yan; ?–256 BC), less commonly known as King Yin of Zhou, was the 37th and last king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty, the son of King Shenjing of Zhou and grandson of King Xian of Zhou. He was king from 314 BC until his death in 256 BC, a reign of fifty-nine years, the longest in the Zhou Dynasty and all of pre-imperial China. By the time of King Nan's reign, the kings of Zhou had lost almost all political and military power, as even their remaining crown land was split into two states or factions, led by rival feudal lords: West Zhou, where the capital Wangcheng was located, and East Zhou, centred at Chengzhou and Kung. Therefore, Nan lacked any personal territory and was effectively under the control of the local feudal lords, essentially relying on their charity.	Depreciation is the drop in value of an asset due to wear and tear, age and obsolescence (going out of date) as recorded in an organization's financial records.	open_qa
Give me a list of the last five "Best New Artist" Grammy winners.	Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Best New Artist — North This is a list of the Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica winners and nominees for Best New Artist — North. Nella Rojas In 2019, she performed at the Latin Grammy Award ceremony along with Alejandro Sanz, Greecy and Aitana, where she later won the category Best New Artist. Lo Nuestro Award for Pop New Artist of the Year The award was first presented to French group Gipsy Kings. Kaoma won the following year, aided by their hit song Lambada which sold five-million units worldwide. American performer Christina Aguilera won both the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2000 and the Lo Nuestro for Pop New Artist the following year. Spanish singer David Bisbal, winner in 2004, is the only performer also being awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist; while 2008 nominee Alexander Acha also earned New Artist accolade at the 10th Latin Grammy Awards. Singer-songwriters Lena Burke, Alexandre Pires and Álex Ubago were nominated for New Artist of the Year as a solo performers and as the group Alex, Jorge y Lena and Só Pra Contrariar, respectively, losing on both instances. Enrique Iglesias, Jon Secada and Shakira won for Best New Artist at the Lo Nuestro Awards and also earned the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album. ILe In September 2016, The Recording Academy nominated Ile for her first Latin Grammy as Best New Artist. Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959. Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, for records released in the previous year. The award was not presented in 1967. The official guidelines are as follows: For a new artist who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist. Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist; for example, Shelby Lynne won the award in 2001 after having already released six albums over 13 years. Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Best New Artist award has a reputation for being given to artists whose music industry success ends up being short-lived; it is sometimes asserted, with varying degrees of sincerity, that the award itself brings a curse. This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders: We got two of the five Grammys – one was Best New Artist. So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who's gotten it since. Grammy Award for Best New Artist Eight artists who have been nominated for Best New Artist and have been later awarded with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award: The Beatles (1965, 2014), Chicago (1970, 2020), Cream (1969, 2006), Jefferson Airplane (1968, 2016), Antônio Carlos Jobim (1965, 2012), Led Zeppelin, (1970, 2005), Leontyne Price (1961, 1989), and John Prine (1972, 2020). Grammy Award records In 2009, Adele won Best New Artist, earned three other awards in both 2012 and 2017. She was the second artist to win all four accolades throughout her career, and the first to do so on separate occasions. Gander Flyers This is a list of the last three seasons completed by the Gander Flyers. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Gander Flyers seasons. Dove Award for New Artist of the Year Winners of the Gospel Music Association Dove Award for New Artist of the Year (or Most Promising New Gospel Talent from 1970–73) are the following:	1. Samara Joy, 2023 2. Olivia Rodrigo, 2022 3. Megan Thee Stallion, 2021 4. Billie Eilish, 2020 5. Dua Lipa, 2019	brainstorming
In a bingo game, which number is represented by the phrase “two little ducks”?	Five Little Ducks Five Little Ducks is a traditional children's song. The rhyme also has an associated finger play. Canadian children's folk singer Raffi released it as a single from the Rise and Shine album. Denise Fleming's 2016 picture book 5 Little Ducks tells a reimagined version of the song. Bingo (card game) Bingo (also bango) is a card game named by analogy to the game bingo. The game is played with a bridge deck of 52 cards. Panel Action Bingo The player's goal is to compete with a cat to navigate and claim squares on a Bingo card, with either numbers or letters pseudorandomly arranged in 1 to 25 or A to Z, respectively. This directly contradicts the number order of real Bingo where the numbers range from 1 to 75 (with each column getting fifteen numbers assigned to it). Also contrary to standard Bingo, the card is shared by both the cat and bird, and the squares are claimed by moving to the next square of numerical/alphabetical order and pressing the A button. Since the cat and bird cannot occupy the same square, the game is more about planning and strategy than flat out luck of ordinary Bingo. Claiming five numbers in a row, column, or main diagonal is a bingo; claiming the most numbers without making a bingo is also a win. In a single-player game, earning multiple simultaneous bingos will provide an extra chance for each extra line made. Two Little Dickie Birds Two Little Dickie Birds or Two Little Black Birds is an English language nursery rhyme and fingerplay. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 16401. 5 Little Ducks 5 Little Ducks is a 2016 children's picture book by Caldecott Honor recipient Denise Fleming based on the nursery rhyme of the same name. Over the course of a week, the ducks go off on a daily adventure with one less returning home each day. On Saturday, they respond to Papa Duck's call, so they can have a day of rest on Sunday, as decided by Mama Duck. DRG locomotive classification The class number was derived from the locomotive power. The number represented one-tenth of its power in PS. Bingo Blitz The winning patterns in the game are a vertical, horizontal or a diagonal line, or all four corners. Bingo Blitz contains Power-Ups that help you reach a bingo. The cards also contain Bonus Squares that award you with additional in-game prizes when you manage to mark them off. A full game of Bingo Blitz could have anywhere between 10 and 15 rounds. The players needs to use credits to buy more than one bingo card per round to amp up their chances of getting bingo. Generally the type of bingo on offer is the classic 75 ball bingo but there are other types that crop up with the changing seasons. Riviera (hotel and casino) In August 2011, the Riviera re-opened its bingo room, in an attempt to bring in new customers and compete against newer resorts on the Strip. At that time, it was the only casino on the Strip to offer bingo. The Riviera also had one of the largest bingo rooms in Las Vegas, and was voted the 'Best Bingo Room' by the Las Vegas Review-Journal. The Riviera later launched a marketing partnership with Buffalo Studios, a company that had created a Facebook bingo game titled Bingo Blitz. Beginning in May 2012, the game allowed players to play online bingo on a web page that featured an image of the Riviera, as a marketing move to attract customers. Zynga Bingo Friend Boost Power-Up allows a player to ask friends to help. Friends can offer help even when they're not signed in, and their Facebook profile picture will substitute as a Bingo chip on the board. Bingo Blitz In the game, each player picks a virtual room, and the play passes through multiple cities around the world. Players compete in an online bingo match when each game combines cases and stories related to the country in which players are located. To start playing you will need to choose a city in which you want to play (doesn't have to be your location) and then you will be entered into a bingo room in that city. The bingo cards at Bingo Blitz are made up of 24 random numbers across five rows and columns. When the game begins you need to keep an eye out for your numbers to appear so you can cross them off your card. To call bingo depends on what the winning pattern is for that particular round.	22	open_qa
What is knitting?	Spool knitting Spool knitting, corking, French knitting or tomboy knitting is a form of knitting that uses a spool with a number of nails around the rim to produce a narrow tube of fabric. The spool knitting devices are called knitting spools, knitting nancys, or French knitters. Combined knitting Other basic knitting techniques include English knitting (or throwing) and Continental knitting (or picking). Spool knitting Spool knitting is a traditional way to teach children the basic principles of knitting. According to Mary McCormack, author of Spool Knitting (published in 1909), Few elementary exercises have aroused more interest in the child than the toy knitting; due, perhaps, to its simplicity and his power to do it easily and well. Bead knitting Beaded knitting is a type of knitting in which the stitches are decorated with ceramic or glass beads. Vogue Knitting Vogue Knitting, also known as Vogue Knitting International, is a magazine about knitting published by SoHo Publishing LLC. It is published biannually and includes knitting designs, yarn reviews, and interviews with designers. Vogue International Knitting is a registered trademark of Advance Publications Inc. and is used under a license. English knitting Other Western knitting styles include continental knitting (also known as left-hand knitting) and combined knitting. Despite the names, choice of knitting style has nothing to do with the handedness of the knitter. Various non-Western styles also exist, many of which are substantially similar to these, but which twist each stitch, making for a subtly different-looking fabric. Hand knitting Increasingly popular Mega knitting is hand knitting using knitting needles greater than or equal to half an inch in diameter. Brioche knitting Brioche Stitch is included in Barbara G. Walker's A Treasury of Knitting Patterns and in Elizabeth Zimmermann's Knitting Without Tears. Nancy Marchant introduced several varieties of the brioche stitch to American knitters with her book Brioche Knitting, inspired by the brioche knitting she found very prevalent in the Netherlands. The brioche stitch can be used to knit any kind of garment or project that regular knitting can be used for, but will be double-thick. Nancy Marchant standardized brioche-knitting abbreviations and terminology so that knitters worldwide could share patterns and understand the abbreviations. Knitting pattern Knitting patterns can be sold as a means of income. Knitting pattern collections are sold in books and magazines, but web sites such as Ravelry allow sale of individual knitting patterns. Combined knitting Combined knitting or combination knitting is a knitting method that combines elements of Eastern-style knitting with the Western techniques. The name was suggested by Mary Thomas in her 1938 book Mary Thomas's Knitting Book, where she described the method as ..the better way to work in Flat Knitting. The resulting fabric is more even and closer in construction. By wrapping the yarn the opposite way while purling, the knitter changes the orientation of the resulting loops; then the next row's knit stitches can be formed by inserting the needle through the back leg (as in Eastern knitting), rather than through the front leg, without twisting the stitch. This method is suitable for all knitted fabrics from the basic Stockinette stitch, to any other technique, such as Fair Isle, circular knitting, or lace knitting.	Knitting is a craft process of working yarn in interlocking loops (called knit stitches and purl stitches) to create fabric items such as socks, scarves, blankets, hats, etc. Knitted items can be hand crafted or created on a knitting machine.	general_qa
Please summarize the timeline of the Chinese Exclusion Act.	Chinese Exclusion Act Passage of the law was preceded by growing anti-Chinese sentiment and anti-Chinese violence, as well as various policies targeting Chinese migrants. The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the U.S.–China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the U.S. to suspend Chinese immigration. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. These laws attempted to stop all Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years, with exceptions for diplomats, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers. They were widely evaded. Chinese Exclusion Act The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion and allowed 105 Chinese immigrants to enter the United States each year. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers, and later by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula. Chinese Exclusion Act The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law excluded merchants, teachers, students, travelers, and diplomats. Building on the earlier Page Act of 1875, which banned Chinese women from migrating to the United States, the Chinese Exclusion Act was the only law ever implemented to prevent all members of a specific ethnic or national group from immigrating to the United States. History of Chinese Americans The flow of immigration (encouraged by the Burlingame Treaty of 1868) was stopped by the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This act outlawed all Chinese immigration to the United States and denied citizenship to those already settled in the country. Renewed in 1892 and extended indefinitely in 1902, the Chinese population declined until the act was repealed in 1943 by the Magnuson Act. (Chinese immigration later increased more with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers, and later by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula. Chester A. Arthur A more contentious debate materialized over the status of Chinese immigrants; in January 1868, the Senate had ratified the Burlingame Treaty with China, allowing an unrestricted flow of Chinese into the country. As the economy soured after the Panic of 1873, Chinese immigrants were blamed for depressing workmen's wages; in reaction Congress in 1879 attempted to abrogate the 1868 treaty by passing the Chinese Exclusion Act, but President Hayes vetoed it. Three years later, after China had agreed to treaty revisions, Congress tried again to exclude working class Chinese laborers; Senator John F. Miller of California introduced another Chinese Exclusion Act that blocked entry of Chinese laborers for a twenty-year period. The bill passed the Senate and House by overwhelming margins, but this as well was vetoed by Arthur, who concluded the 20-year ban to be a breach of the renegotiated treaty of 1880. That treaty allowed only a reasonable suspension of immigration. Eastern newspapers praised the veto, while it was condemned in the Western states. Congress was unable to override the veto, but passed a new bill reducing the immigration ban to ten years. Although he still objected to this denial of entry to Chinese laborers, Arthur acceded to the compromise measure, signing the Chinese Exclusion Act into law on May 6, 1882. The Chinese Exclusion Act attempted to stop all Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years, with exceptions for diplomats, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers. It was widely evaded. History of immigration to the United States In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act. By excluding all Chinese laborers from entering the country, the Chinese Exclusion Act severely curtailed the number of immigrants of Chinese descent allowed into the United States for 10 years. The law was renewed in 1892 and 1902. During this period, Chinese migrants illegally entered the United States through the loosely guarded U.S.–Canadian border. The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed with the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943. Chinese Exclusion Act The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed by the 1943 Magnuson Act when China had become an ally of the U.S. against Japan in World War II, as the US needed to embody an image of fairness and justice. The Magnuson Act permitted Chinese nationals already residing in the country to become naturalized citizens and stop hiding from the threat of deportation. The act also allowed Chinese people to send remittances to people of Chinese descent living in mainland China, Macao, Hong Kong, and Taiwan and other countries or territories, especially if the funding is not tied to criminal activity. However, the Magnuson Act only allowed a national quota of 105 Chinese immigrants per year and did not repeal the restrictions on immigration from the other Asian countries. The crackdown on Chinese immigrants reached a new level in its last decade, from 1956 to 1965, with the Chinese Confession Program launched by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, that encouraged Chinese who had committed immigration fraud to confess, so as to be eligible for some leniency in treatment. Large-scale Chinese immigration did not occur until the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 The Act was eventually superseded in 1923 by the Chinese Immigration Act, 1923, also known as the Chinese Exclusion Act (not to be confused with the U.S. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882), which banned Chinese immigration entirely. Chinese Underground Railroad When the Chinese Exclusion Act was initially enacted in 1882, it allowed legal means for the Chinese to enter the United States. Those who came to travel, sell, or go to school were allowed to enter during the time of exclusion, and Chinese people already living in the United States were allowed to leave and come back so long as they had the proper certificate. However, when those who opposed Chinese immigration began to view the act as ineffective and ambiguous, violence against the Chinese rose. In order to placate the situation, Congress enacted the Scott Act of 1888, which no longer allowed Chinese workers to enter the United States with ease. After the Scott Act came the Geary Act in 1892, which extended the Chinese Exclusion Act for ten more years and mandated Chinese laborers receive certificates to prove their residence. While the Gresham-Yan Treaty of 1894 did allow Chinese laborers to leave and return to the United States if they had families, property, or debts in the United States, the exclusion law persisted until 1943. In order to get around the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese immigrants traveled to the United States through Canada and Latin America. United States v. Wong Kim Ark Chinese immigrants to the United States were met with considerable distrust, resentment, and discrimination almost from the time of their first arrival. Many politicians argued that the Chinese were so different in so many ways that they not only would never (or even could) assimilate into American culture, but that they represented a threat to the country's principles and institutions. In this climate of popular anti-Chinese sentiment, Congress in 1882 enacted the Chinese Exclusion Act, which placed limits on Chinese immigration to the United States. (The original Chinese Exclusion Act was amended several times—such as by the 1888 Scott Act and the 1892 Geary Act—and as a result, it is sometimes referred to in the plural as the Chinese Exclusion Acts.) Chinese already in the U.S. were allowed to stay, but they were ineligible for naturalization and, if they left the U.S. and later wished to return, they needed to apply anew and obtain approval again. Chinese laborers and miners were specifically barred from coming (or returning) to the United States under the terms of the law.	The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed on May 6, 1882. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion.	summarization
What are some foods to cook to celebrate St. Patrick's Day?	Byrne Dairy To celebrate St. Patrick's Day, Byrne Dairy sells a green minty milk from the end of February until March 17. Rock City (attraction) During March they host Shamrock City, turning the attraction into an Irish festival. The event includes Irish music, food, and games. They turn the falls green to celebrate St. Patrick's day. Sly Fox Brewery Dreamed up in 2003 by Corey Reid, the Phoenixville location's bar manager, the St. Patrick's Day Boot Camp is a nine- or ten-week program leading up to St. Patrick's Day that allows participants to earn raffle tickets for a drawing conducted on St. Patrick's Day. Starting in 2005, the grand prize is a trip for two to Ireland. Nagle Catholic College St Patrick's Day in 1943 was marked with sports and surfing, which was the origin of the popular St Patrick's Day tradition Nagle participates every year. Saint Patrick's Day In the mid-1990s the government of the Republic of Ireland began a campaign to use St Patrick's Day to showcase Ireland and its culture. The government set up a group called St Patrick's Festival, with the aims: Saint Patrick's Day Christian leaders in Ireland have expressed concern about the secularisation of St Patrick's Day. In The Word magazine's March 2007 issue, Fr Vincent Twomey wrote, It is time to reclaim St Patrick's Day as a church festival. He questioned the need for mindless alcohol-fuelled revelry and concluded that it is time to bring the piety and the fun together. St. Patrick's Day Parade Scranton The St. Patrick's Parade Day in Scranton or Parade Day is one of the largest Saint Patrick's Day parades in the United States. It is held in Scranton, Pennsylvania every year on the Saturday of the weekend before St. Patrick's Day - even if St Patrick's day falls on a Saturday or Sunday. For Example, in 2013, St. Patrick's Day was on a Sunday, and the Parade was held on the Saturday of the previous weekend - March 9. Shamrock Shake The Shamrock Shake is a seasonal green mint flavored milkshake dessert sold at some McDonald's restaurants during March to celebrate St. Patrick's Day in the US, Canada and Ireland. Hash (food) Corned beef and cabbage dinners are an Irish-American tradition from the 1800s that are now commonly held across the United States on St. Patrick's Day. Corned beef hash is also commonly served on St. Patrick's Day, as well as around American Thanksgiving and Christmas. Irish Channel St. Patrick's Day Club The Block Party is held at Annunciation Square Playground, usually on St. Patrick's Day (March 17). The Block Party benefits St. Michael's Special School.	Most people in Ireland and elsewhere like to celebrate St. Patrick's Day with traditional (or regionally adapted) Irish foods. These can include things like: corned beef and cabbage, potatoes, scotched eggs, shoulder bacon, soda bread, shepard's pie, beef stew, corned beef hash, colcannon.	brainstorming
Which is longest road or highway or motorway in the world	Pan-American Highway The Pan-American Highway passes through many diverse climates and ecological typesranging from dense jungles to arid deserts and barren tundra. Some areas are fully passable only during the dry season, and in many regions driving is occasionally hazardous. The Pan-American Highway system is physically mostly complete and extends in de facto terms from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, in North America, to the southernmost reaches of South America. Several southern highway termini are claimed, including the cities of Puerto Montt and Quellón in Chile, and Ushuaia in Argentina. Pan-American Highway The Pan-American Highway (; ; ) is a network of roads stretching across the Americas and measuring about in total length. Except for a break of approximately across the border between southeast Panama and northwest Colombia, called the Darién Gap, the roads link almost all of the Pacific coastal countries of the Americas in a connected highway system. According to Guinness World Records, the Pan-American Highway is the world's longest motorable road. It is only possible to cross by land between South America and Central America—the last town in Colombia to the first outpost in Panama—by a difficult and dangerous hike of at least four days through the Darién Gap, one of the rainiest areas of the planet. Chile Route 5 South of La Serena to Puerto Montt () it is a 4 lane divided highway and toll road for the most part. It is Chile's longest freeway. The speed limit on the freeway is and as of May 2007 drivers must travel with their lights on all day long. Pan-American Highway (North America) The Pan-American Highway unofficially begins in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska near Deadhorse. Traveling south to Fairbanks, Alaska, the Highway follows the length of the Dalton Highway (Alaska Route 11) and Alaska Route 2. (Dalton Highway was the subject of the BBC's first episode of World's Most Dangerous Roads.) From Fairbanks, Alaska's third largest city, the Pan-American Highway and the Alaska Highway are one and the same, following Alaska Route 2 southeast to the Canada–United States border southeast of Northway, Alaska, and adjacent to the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge. Transport in Himachal Pradesh The state boasts some of the longest road tunnels in the country namely the 3 km long Aut tunnel in Mandi on NH-21 and the under construction 8.8 km Atal tunnel which will create an all year round link between Manali and Lahaul Valley which otherwise remains isolated during its 8 month long winter period. Quellón A placard in Quellón marks a southern terminus of the Pan-American Highway, a network of roads spanning and 19 countries in the Americas. Its northern limit is in Anchorage, Alaska. Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina is also considered as an endpoint for the Panamerican Highway. The point also marks the southern endpoint of the Pacific Coastal Highway, which stretches from Lund, British Columbia. The southernmost reaches of continental Chile are not accessible by road except through neighboring Argentina due to the craggy Andes, fjords and the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. M5 highway (Moldova) The M5 highway (), during Soviet period referred to as the M14, is the longest road in Moldova, with a length of running from the north to the south-east. Having national road status, it is also one of the most important routes as it provides access to the three largest cities of Moldova within its internationally recognized borders: Bălți, Chișinău and Tiraspol. It forms part of the European routes E58, E581 and E583 of the International E-road network. Highways in Honduras The Panamerican Highway, the world's longest road, crosses the American continent from Alaska to Patagonia. The Honduran sector begins at the El Salvador frontier at El Amatillo and runs through Nacaome, Jícaro Galánwhere it meets the Carretera del Sur (CA-5)Choluteca, San Marcos de Colón to the Nicaraguan frontier at El Espino. Tremola San Gottardo The Tremola San Gottardo, located in the Canton of Ticino, is the longest road monument in Switzerland and is listed in the inventory of the historic Swiss roads (IVS). It connects the municipality of Airolo (1175 m a.s.l.) to the Gotthard Pass (2106 m a.s.l.). South America Brazil has more than 1.7 million km of roads, of which 215,000 km are paved, and about 14,000 km are divided highways. The two most important highways in the country are BR-101 and BR-116. Argentina has more than 600,000 km of roads, of which about 70,000 km are paved, and about 2,500 km are divided highways. The three most important highways in the country are Route 9, Route 7 and Route 14. Colombia has about 210,000 km of roads, and about 2,300 km are divided highways. Chile has about 82,000 km of roads, 20,000 km of which are paved, and about 2,000 km are divided highways. The most important highway in the country is the Route 5 (Pan-American Highway) These 4 countries are the ones with the best road infrastructure and with the largest number of double-lane highways.	the longest road in the world is in Americas. The longest road is a highway called Pan American highway. It spans 30000 Kilometers or 19000 miles. It starts from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska in United states and ends at Puerto Montt or Quellón, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina The pan american highway is registered as longest road in the world in guiness book of world records There are also other categories of longest road in the worlds like Asian highway which starts in Kapıkule, Turkey and ends in Tokyo, Japan. Asian highway is longest uninterrupted highway in the world. Length of the asian highway is 20557 Kilometers or 12774 miles Longest road within the single country is in Australia. The name of the road is Highway 1. This is loop road and legnth of the highway is 14500 Kilometers or 9000 miles	closed_qa
What is Jenkins?	Blinded (song) Blinded was written by Stephan Jenkins, Arion Salazar, and Tony Fredianelli and was produced by Jenkins. Conway Twitty Twitty was born Harold Lloyd Jenkins on September 1, 1933, in Friars Point, Mississippi. The Jenkins family were of Welsh descent. He was named by his great-uncle, after his favorite silent movie actor Harold Lloyd. The Jenkins family moved to Helena, Arkansas, when Jenkins was 10 years old. In Helena, Jenkins formed his first singing group, the Phillips County Ramblers. Andrea Jenkins Jenkins is a performance artist, poet, and writer who identifies as bisexual and queer. She is a grandmother. Her own mother now lives in Ward 8. She has a partner of eight years. Jenkins was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 2018. Jenkins Orphanage The Jenkins Orphanage, now officially known as the Jenkins Institute For Children, was established in 1891 by Rev. Daniel Joseph Jenkins in Charleston, South Carolina. Jenkins was a businessman and Baptist minister who encountered street children and decided to organize an orphanage for young African Americans. Sue Jenkins Jenkins has produced and directed major pantomimes in the UK and four studio productions at The Lowry Theatre. Toby Jenkins Jenkins is also an entrepreneur, CEO, author, speaker and podcaster. He co-founded his company Bluewire Media with Adam C Franklin in 2005. Jenkins Bridge, Virginia Jenkins Bridge is an unincorporated community in Accomack County, Virginia, United States. Jenkins Bridge is located on Holdens Creek north-northwest of Hallwood. Jenkins Bridge had a post office until January 20, 2007; it still has its own ZIP code, 23399. Jackie "Butch" Jenkins Born Jack Dudley Jenkins in Los Angeles, the son of actress Doris Dudley, Jenkins made his film debut at the age of six in The Human Comedy (1943) as Ulysses Macauley after an MGM talent scout saw him playing on a Santa Monica beach and admired his high spirits. His performance as Mickey Rooney's younger brother (The Human Comedy) was well received and Jenkins was cast in a succession of films. Jenkins's shrew Jenkins's shrew (Crocidura jenkinsi) is a critically endangered species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to South Andaman Island in India. Chris Jenkins (powerlifter) Jenkins also holds a WR deadlift in the International Strength Association with 352.5 kg (775.5 lbs) set at 90 kg (198 lbs) bodyweight in Fort Worth, Texas in 2007.	Jenkins is an open source automation server. It helps automate the parts of software development related to building, testing, and deploying, facilitating continuous integration and continuous delivery.	open_qa
What are common swimming strokes?	Swimming In non-competitive swimming, there are some swimming strokes including sidestroke. The sidestroke toward the end of the 19th century, this pattern was changed by raising one arm above the water first, then the other, and then each in turn. It is still used in lifesaving and recreational swimming. Bill Sweetenham Sweetenham has been a prolific contributor to swimming coaching. In 1998, he produced a nine-volume video collection titled Swimming in the 21st Century which covered all the swimming strokes. In 2003, with John Atkinson he wrote Championship Swim Training. Metrication in the United States Common swimming pool dimensions are 25-yard, 25-meter, and 50-meter. The Olympic-size swimming pool is specified solely in meters. High schools and the NCAA conduct 25-yard competitions. USA Swimming (USA-S) swims in both metric and non-metric pools. Rescue swimming Rescue swimming is the body of skills that enable an individual to attempt a rescue when a swimmer is in difficulty. These include a combination of communication skills, specific rescue swimming strokes, and release and evade techniques for self-preservation should the rescue go wrong. Breaststroke Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the frog stroke, as the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals.	The most common swimming strokes include the four strokes used in competition: freestyle (sometimes referred to as "the crawl"), breast stroke, back stroke and butterfly. In addition, some people swim using a side stroke or a doggy paddle (which looks a lot like the stroke dogs use when swimming).	brainstorming
Give me a bullet list of some popular dashboard and visualisation tools	EU Open Data Portal The visualisations catalogue offered a collection of visualisation tools, training and re-usable visualisations for all levels of data visualisation expertise, from beginner to expert. ICL cartridges The 7mm ICL is an improved .264 Winchester Magnum necked up to .7mm. Performance with a bullet is approximately and with a bullet is approximately . CatBoost In 2016 Machine Learning Infrastructure team led by Anna Dorogush started working on Gradient Boosting in Yandex, including Matrixnet and Tensornet. They implemented and open-sourced the next version of Gradient Boosting library called CatBoost, which has support of categorical and text data, GPU training, model analysis, visualisation tools. ICL cartridges The 6.5 ICL is an improved .264 Winchester Magnum but with a longer neck for easier handloading. Performance with a bullet is approximately and with a bullet is approximately . ICL cartridges The .270 ICL is an improved .264 Winchester Magnum necked up to .270. It's a relatively efficient cartridge for its class. Performance with a bullet is approximately and with a bullet is approximately . Bullet graph More information about bullet graphs can be found in the book Information Dashboard Design by Stephen Few. Popular Civic List The Popular Civic List (, CP) was a centrist coalition of political parties in Italy. Its leader is Beatrice Lorenzin, minister of Health from 2013 to 2018 and member of Popular Alternative. Bullet journal A bullet journal (sometimes known as a BuJo) is a method of personal organization developed by designer Ryder Carroll. The system organizes scheduling, reminders, to-do lists, brainstorming, and other organizational tasks into a single notebook. The name bullet journal comes from the use of abbreviated bullet points to log information, but it also partially comes from the use of dot journals, which are gridded using dots rather than lines. First shared with the public in 2013, it has become a popular organization method, garnering significant attention on Kickstarter, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and Pinterest. Bullet graph A bullet graph is a variation of a bar graph developed by Stephen Few. Seemingly inspired by the traditional thermometer charts and progress bars found in many dashboards, the bullet graph serves as a replacement for dashboard gauges and meters. Bullet graphs were developed to overcome the fundamental issues of gauges and meters: they typically display too little information, require too much space, and are cluttered with useless and distracting decorations. The bullet graph features a single, primary measure (for example, current year-to-date revenue), compares that measure to one or more other measures to enrich its meaning (for example, compared to a target), and displays it in the context of qualitative ranges of performance, such as poor, satisfactory, and good. The qualitative ranges are displayed as varying intensities of a single hue to make them discernible by those who are color blind and to restrict the use of colors on the dashboard to a minimum. Patent visualisation Patent visualisation is an application of information visualisation. The number of patents has been increasing steadily, thus forcing companies to consider intellectual property as a part of their strategy. Patent visualisation, like patent mapping, is used to quickly view a patent portfolio.	- Microsoft Power BI. It integrates very well with Microsoft office ecosystem and simple to use and get started - Tableau. Although having the same value proposition as that of Power BI, analysts generally prefer it when they need to create powerful and complex dashboards. Like Power Bi, it also supports tons of data connectors. - Metabase. It is an open-source BI and data visualization tool which is good for getting your team started with a baseline dashboard layer. - Datapad. This tool recently started to gain popularity for KPI dashboards. Thanks to its mobile-first KPI dashboard, it is ideal for small to medium enterprises and a lot of solopreneurs uses it to manage their business KPIs.	brainstorming
What do you think about the existence of alien lifeform?	Needle (novel) The Hunter, an alien lifeform (when not inside another being, resembling a four-pound green jellyfish) with the ability to live in symbiosis with and within another creature, is in hot pursuit of another of his kind. Both crash their ships into Earth, in the Pacific Ocean, and both survive the crashes. Extraterrestrials in fiction An extraterrestrial or alien is any extraterrestrial lifeform; a lifeform that did not originate on Earth. The word extraterrestrial means outside Earth. The first published use of extraterrestrial as a noun occurred in 1956, during the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Thomas Jane On February 1, 2017, Syfy began a two-episode debut of the second season of its critically acclaimed murder mystery in space, The Expanse. Jane portrays the lead role of Detective Joe Miller in this futuristic saga, in which humans have colonized both Mars and the Asteroid Belt, and discover an alien lifeform. The series premiered December 2015, and continued through six seasons, with Jane appearing in the first four of them. Alien (franchise) Alien is a science-fiction horror and action media franchise centered on the film series which depicts warrant officer Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver) and her battles with an extraterrestrial lifeform, commonly referred to as the Alien or Xenomorph. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Night's Black Agents (role-playing game) The types of vampire are divided into four major categories. The first two, supernatural (magical creatures from myth and legend), and damned (humans cursed by God or blessed by the Devil) are more like the conventional vampires that the players would expect. The last two, alien (a parasitic or predatory extraterrestrial lifeform), or mutant (an evolutionary offshoot or genetically-modified lifeform) are wildcards that throw the players off-balance or mislead them. There are also stats for different species of vampires from other cultures like the Greek Strigoi (winged female vampires that can turn into owls) and the Ghanaian Adze (a blood-sucking fly demon). Chryse Alien The Chryse Alien is a crater in the Chryse Planitia on Mars, named because of its resemblance to an alien head. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig.	Despite there is no direct evidence to support the existence of aliens, we human beings still put effort into finding them. Given the human nature I can see 3 outcomes. One is we eventually find one. Another is we continue searching until the end of humanity.Last one is we somehow prove we are the only life form in the universe. Yet either result is the final step. What would we do if we did find aliens? What would we do if we exhausted all methods yet still no results? What if there are things just not perceivable to human beings? I guess what matters is not the final result, but the progress and efforts we put into it. Given the universe is so huge, what else would you wanna search for?	general_qa
Was the Pixie Lott song "Mama Do" ever the #1 single?	Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, selling 58,840 downloads in its first week. Lott described her reaction upon learning the song reached number one: I was in bed at my mum and dad's, where I still live, in Brentwood, Essex. I was on the laptop, and I got a phone call from my A&R man. He really dragged it out. I said, 'Please put me out of my misery.' And he said, 'I'm really, really sorry but... you're No 1!' I spent the rest of the day running around the house, screaming. Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) The single was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 28 August 2009 for sales in excess of 200,000 copies. Exactly 11 years later, on 28 August 2020, the certification was upgraded to gold for sales and streams of over 400,000. As a result of the single's popularity at the time, the single's iTunes B-side, Use Somebody, debuted and peaked, during the single's release week, on the UK Singles Chart at number 52 on sales of 4,409 downloads. Pixie Lott Lott's debut single, Mama Do, was released on 8 June 2009. It spent one week at number one, 11 weeks within the top 40 and 18 weeks within the top 75. The single also had considerable success outside the UK, reaching the top 40 in 11 other countries, including top ten peaks of number eight in Denmark and number 10 in France. The single was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry on 28 August 2009 after selling over 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom. Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) The single also had considerable success outside the UK, reaching the top 10 in Denmark and France, and the top 20 in Ireland, Netherlands and New Zealand. Turn It Up (Pixie Lott album) Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) was released on 3 June 2009 as the album's lead single. It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, making Lott the second British female solo artist to have a debut single enter atop the chart without previously appearing on a reality television show, after Billie Piper. Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) Two different B-sides were recorded for the single's release; Want You appears on its CD single, whilst an acoustic cover of alternative rock band Kings of Leon's 2008 hit single Use Somebody was featured as the digital single's B-side. Due to the strong popularity of the single at the time, Use Somebody reached number fifty-two on the UK Singles Chart as well on non-single downloads only. The song is also featured on various album compilations, including Bravo Hits 67, Just Dance – The Biggest Pop and Dance Hits, Bravo Black Hits Vol. 21. Turn It Up (Pixie Lott album) Turn It Up is the debut studio album by English singer Pixie Lott, released on 11 September 2009 by Mercury Records. The album's first two singles, Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) and Boys and Girls, both topped the UK Singles Chart, while subsequent singles Cry Me Out, Gravity and Turn It Up all reached the top 20. Turn It Up peaked at number six on the UK Albums Chart and was certified double Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry, with sales in excess of 600,000 copies. Pixie Lott Victoria Louise Lott (born 12 January 1991), better known by her stage name Pixie Lott, is an English singer and songwriter. Her debut album, Turn It Up, released in September 2009, reached number six on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.5 million copies. It also spawned six consecutive top twenty singles on the UK Singles Chart, including two number-one singles, Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) and Boys and Girls. Her second album, Young Foolish Happy (2011), spawned the number-one hit All About Tonight, as well as the top ten singles What Do You Take Me For? and Kiss the Stars. Lott's self-titled third studio album, released in 2014, had the lead single Nasty, which peaked at number nine on the UK Singles Chart, making it her sixth Top 10 single in the United Kingdom. Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) (also known as Mama Do) is the debut single by English singer and songwriter Pixie Lott released as the lead single from her debut studio album, Turn It Up (2009). Written and produced by Mads Hauge and Phil Thornalley, the song was released digitally in the United Kingdom on 6 June 2009 and physically on CD 8 June 2009. It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart. Aged 18, Lott was one of the youngest singers to have a UK number-one single since Britney Spears in 1999. Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) received positive reviews from music critics. Pixie Lott discography English singer Pixie Lott has released three studio albums, one compilation album, two extended plays, 16 singles (including three as a featured artist), one promotional single and 18 music videos. Turn It Up, Lott's debut studio album, was released in September 2009 by Mercury Records to commercial success. It peaked at number six on the UK Albums Chart and was certified double Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Turn It Up spawned the UK number-one singles Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) and Boys and Girls, alongside the top 20 entries Cry Me Out, Gravity and Turn It Up. Later reissued as Turn It Up Louder in October 2010, the record encompassed Broken Arrow, which achieved similar success.	"Mama Do" debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart in its first week and also was successful outside the UK, appearing in the Top 10 in Denmark and France and the Top 20 in Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The British Phonographic Industry certified it as Silver the same year it was released and upgraded the certification to Gold eleven years later.	summarization
What language is HP GL	Hewlett-Packard Raster Transfer Language The Hewlett-Packard Raster Transfer Language (HP RTL) is a subset of the Printer Command Language (PCL) language. It is used to embed true raster images (bitmaps) into plotter files. Modern plotters (like HP DesignJets) are raster devices, so they need a raster-based language. For backward compatibility they also support the HP-GL/2 (formerly HP-GL) vector language, so the HP RTL language is designed for mixing with the HP-GL/2 language. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Mathilde Flögl Flögl used floral designs in her work in addition to more geometric patterns making pieces that were both abstract and linear. An example of this style is seen in a swatch called Fälter (butterfly), chosen for the bedspread of Karl Duldig and Slawa Horowitz-Duldig in 1924. It was block printed onto silk. This use of an artist's work as a bedspread also exemplified the Wiener Werkstätte's belief in art being incorporated into all areas of life. Flögl used abstract shapes and geometric lines, as was characteristic of her work, to produce columns of bright butterflies separated by colourful vertical lines. Flögl was partial to butterflies. In 1929, Swiss-German company, Salubra manufactured a wallpaper collection designed by Flögl. Copper Hewitt has an online collection featuring 59 pieces of her painted design work, most painted in gouache. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. OpenStack In May 2014, HP announced HP Helion and released a preview of HP Helion OpenStack Community, beginning with the IceHouse release. HP has operated HP Helion Public Cloud on OpenStack since 2012. HP Labs HP Labs is the exploratory and advanced research group for HP Inc. HP Labs' headquarters is in Palo Alto, California and the group has research and development facilities in Bristol, UK. The development of programmable desktop calculators, inkjet printing, and 3D graphics are credited to HP Labs researchers. HP OpenView The OpenView Forum International was an OpenView user group. It became Vivit (in early 2007) and organized the yearly HP Software Forum. In 2007, HP took over responsibility for the HP Software Forum and renamed it HP Software Universe. HP CloudSystem CloudSystem is supported by a partner program, which helps cloud computing services vendors to build Cloud Centers of Excellence. These have been described as demonstration clouds for HP CloudSystem and HP Converged Systems platforms. The centers can include products from HP Networking, HP TippingPoint and HP 3PAR storage. HP OpenView HP OpenView is the former name for a Hewlett-Packard product family that consisted of network and systems management products. In 2007, HP OpenView was rebranded as HP BTO (Business Technology Optimization) Software when it became part of the HP Software Division. The products are now available as various HP products, marketed through the HP Software Division. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium.	HP-GL, short for Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language and often written as HPGL, is a printer control language created by Hewlett-Packard (HP). HP-GL was the primary printer control language used by HP plotters. It was introduced with the plotter HP-8972 in 1977 and became a standard for almost all plotters. Hewlett-Packard's printers also usually support HP-GL/2 in addition to PCL.	open_qa
Classify each of the following animals as being domesticated or wild: dog, bear, dolphin, cat, cow, hippo, rhino	Eastern Agricultural Complex Another plant species at Riverton that can confidently be identified as domesticated was sunflower (Helianthus annuus). This is based on the larger size of the seed in the domesticated than in the wild varieties. Remains of plants that were used, but may or may not have been domesticated at Riverton, include bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), squash (C. pepo), wild barley (Hordeum pusillum) and marsh elder (Iva annua). Uga (mascot) Georgia officially claims the following animals as live mascots prior to the introduction of the Uga line in 1956. Wild Dog (character) Wild Dog is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Wild Dog is the superhero identity of Jack Wheeler. He first appeared in Wild Dog #1 (September 1987), and was created by Max Allan Collins and Terry Beatty. Time Crisis (video game) Wild Dog in a fast-and-loose gun battle across the rooftop, during which Wild Dog accidentally sets off his detonator, apparently killing himself in a fiery explosion. Richard collects the wounded Rachel and escapes in Wild Dog's chopper just as the rest of the castle goes up in flames. Wild silk There are more than 500 species of wild silkworms in the world, although only a few are used to produce cloth. They usually produce a tougher and rougher silk than that from domesticated B. mori. Wild silks are usually harvested after the moths have left the cocoons, cutting the threads in the process, so that there is not one long thread, as with domesticated silkworms. African wild dog The African wild dog is primarily threatened by habitat fragmentation, which results in human–wildlife conflict, transmission of infectious diseases and high mortality rates. African wild dog The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), also called the painted dog or Cape hunting dog, is a wild canine which is a native species to sub-Saharan Africa. It is the largest wild canine in Africa, and the only extant member of the genus Lycaon, which is distinguished from Canis by dentition highly specialised for a hypercarnivorous diet, and by a lack of dewclaws. It is estimated that about 6,600 adults (including 1,400 mature individuals) live in 39 subpopulations that are all threatened by habitat fragmentation, human persecution, and outbreaks of disease. As the largest subpopulation probably comprises fewer than 250 individuals, the African wild dog has been listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1990. Gandaki River The notable species of wild fauna include: tiger, leopard, wild dog, wild boar, bison, bear, peacock, partridge, hornbill, hill mynah, woolly-necked stork, python, crocodile, deer, sambar, blue bull, barking deer, hog deer. Bicolor cat Another type of black-and-white bicolor cat is referred to as a cow cat or moo cat and includes the magpie, cap-and-saddle and mask-and-mantle patterns. A cat cow does not have the solid black jacket of the tuxedo cat. Instead, it has large black patches over a mostly white body, often with a black mask over the head. Black-mask cats are so called because they look like they are wearing a black mask over their head. Dhrabi This domestic farming in the village of Dharabi includes the breeding, raising, gathering, and caring for poultry, domestic animals and domesticated wild animals, such as cattle, sheep, dogs, buffalo, and collecting their products, such as milk, wool, and eggs. People either sell these products or the off-springs produced by them.	Dog: Domesticated Bear: Wild Dolphin: Wild Cat: Domesticated Cow: Domesticated Hippo: Wild Rhino: Wild	classification
How do I optimize my Kafka consumption in Spark for low latency?	Market data Latency is the time lag in delivery of real-time data, i.e. the lower the latency, the faster the data transmission speed. Processing of large amounts of data with minimal delay is low latency. The delivery of data has increased in speed dramatically since 2010, with low latency delivery meaning delivery under 1 millisecond. The competition for low latency data has intensified with the rise of algorithmic and high frequency trading and the need for competitive trade performance. Low latency (capital markets) In capital markets, low latency is the use of algorithmic trading to react to market events faster than the competition to increase profitability of trades. For example, when executing arbitrage strategies the opportunity to arb the market may only present itself for a few milliseconds before parity is achieved. To demonstrate the value that clients put on latency, in 2007 a large global investment bank has stated that every millisecond lost results in $100m per annum in lost opportunity. Killer NIC More typically applications that benefit from low latency, such as Skype or SIP or older VoIP using USB devices (NetTalk, MagicJack) may benefit. As these increasingly use Ethernet directly to routers, however, which would generally be a much lower latency than using a PC and USB connection. Low latency (capital markets) Latency is largely a function of the speed of light, which is 299,792,458 meters/second (186,000 miles/second)(671,000,000 miles/hour) in a scientifically controlled environment; this would equate to a latency of 3 microseconds for every kilometer. However, when measuring latency of data we need to account for the fiber optic cable. Although it seems pure, it is not a vacuum and therefore refraction of light needs to be accounted for. For measuring latency in long-haul networks, the calculated latency is actually 4.9 microseconds for every kilometer. In shorter metro networks, the latency performance rises a bit more due to building risers and cross-connects that can make the latency as high as 5 microseconds per kilometer. Magerit All the nodes are interconnected with a low latency (2.6 – 3.2 μs) and high bandwidth network called Myrinet. This network is used only for MPI messages of users' tasks. Latency (audio) Latency can be a critical performance metric in professional audio including sound reinforcement systems, foldback systems (especially those using in-ear monitors) live radio and television. Excessive audio latency has the potential to degrade call quality in telecommunications applications. Low latency audio in computers is important for interactivity. RDMA over Converged Ethernet Network-intensive applications like networked storage or cluster computing need a network infrastructure with a high bandwidth and low latency. The advantages of RDMA over other network application programming interfaces such as Berkeley sockets are lower latency, lower CPU load and higher bandwidth. The RoCE protocol allows lower latencies than its predecessor, the iWARP protocol. There are RoCE HCAs (Host Channel Adapter) with a latency as low as 1.3 microseconds while the lowest known iWARP HCA latency in 2011 was 3 microseconds. Latency (engineering) Online games are sensitive to latency (or lag), since fast response times to new events occurring during a game session are rewarded while slow response times may carry penalties. Due to a delay in transmission of game events, a player with a high latency internet connection may show slow responses in spite of appropriate reaction time. This gives players with low latency connections a technical advantage. Low latency (capital markets) Reducing latency in the order chain involves attacking the problem from many angles. Amdahl's Law, commonly used to calculate performance gains of throwing more CPUs at a problem, can be applied more generally to improving latency – that is, improving a portion of a system which is already fairly inconsequential (with respect to latency) will result in minimal improvement in the overall performance. Another strategy for reducing latency involves pushing the decision making on trades to a Network Interface Card. This can alleviate the need to involve the system's main processor, which can create undesirable delays in response time. Known as network-side processing, because the processing involved takes place as close to the network interface as possible, this practice is a design factor for ultra-low latency systems. The Franz Kafka Videogame The Franz Kafka Videogame is an indie adventure game inspired by the writings of Franz Kafka. It was developed by Denis Galanin.	You can tune the batch size and processing time to ensure that your Spark job can keep up with the data volume and maintain low latency.	general_qa
Tell me about the football career of Adao	Adão (footballer) Adão signed with C.F. Os Belenenses for 1988–89. On 12 October 1988, in that campaign's UEFA Cup, he scored the game's only goal at home against Bayer 04 Leverkusen, as the Lisbon side ousted the title holders 2–0 on aggregate. Later in the season he also appeared in the final of the Portuguese Cup, won after beating S.L. Benfica. Adão (footballer) Born in Chaves, Vila Real District, Adão started his career with hometown club G.D. Chaves, moving to the Primeira Liga in 1980 with Varzim SC. He appeared in only eight games in his first season, which ended in relegation, but helped with 27 and three goals to an immediate promotion. Adão (footballer) In summer 1985, Adão joined Vitória de Guimarães. In his second year he played 30 matches as starter and scored twice – including once in 1–0 away win over S.C. Braga in the Minho derby – as his team finished in third position. Adão (footballer) Aged 30, Adão moved to F.C. Penafiel, spending his last three years (of five overall) in the second division. Over the course of 11 seasons, he amassed top-tier totals of 279 games and 16 goals. Adão (footballer) Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto (born 3 April 1960), commonly known as Adão, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central midfielder. João Manuel Pinto Pinto was born in Carcavelos, Cascais. During his career he represented Clube Oriental de Lisboa, S.C. Campomaiorense, C.F. Os Belenenses, FC Porto and S.L. Benfica, retiring in 2007 after abroad stints with Ciudad de Murcia (Spanish Segunda División) and FC Sion (Swiss Super League). In his country's Primeira Liga, he amassed totals of 191 games and 20 goals over the course of ten seasons. Francisco Palmeiro Palmeiro was born in Arronches, Portalegre District. During eight years of his senior career he played with Primeira Liga side S.L. Benfica, leaving in 1961 after the emergence of Eusébio. Over the course of nine seasons, he amassed competition totals of 136 games and 41 goals – he also represented Atlético Clube de Portugal in the top level of Portuguese football – and won three national championships and as many Portuguese Cups with his main club. Ricardo Sousa Sousa was born in São João da Madeira. Growing up as a footballer in FC Porto, he would play only three games for its first team – a 0–0 Primeira Liga draw against C.D. Santa Clara and two UEFA Champions League appearances, twice as a substitute – and went on to represent S.C. Beira-Mar, where he made his top-division debut in the second part of the 1998–99 season, Santa Clara and C.F. Os Belenenses in consecutive loans; on 16 June 1999, he scored arguably the most important goal of his career as the Aveiro club defeated S.C. Campomaiorense 1–0 to win the Taça de Portugal. Rolando (footballer) Rolando was born in São Vicente, Cape Verde. After beginning his career in the youth ranks of lowly S.C. Campomaiorense, he finished his development with Lisbon's C.F. Os Belenenses, which he joined at the age of 18. In his Primeira Liga debut, on 28 August 2004, he played 90 minutes and scored a goal in a 3–0 home win against C.S. Marítimo. Romeu Almeida Romeu was born in Feira (Santa Maria da Feira). Over the course of nine seasons, he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 184 games and 31 goals, mainly with C.S. Marítimo (two years) and Vitória de Guimarães (four). In 2002–03, he scored a career-best ten goals in 29 matches as the latter team finished fourth and nearly qualified to the UEFA Cup.	Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto (born 3 April 1960), commonly known as Adao, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central midfielder. Born in Chaves, Vila Real District, Adao started his career with hometown club G.D. Chaves, moving to the Primeira Liga in 1980 with Varzim SC. He appeared in only eight games in his first season, which ended in relegation, but helped with 27 and three goals to an immediate promotion. In summer 1985, Adao joined Vitoria de Guimaraes. In his second year he played 30 matches as starter and scored twice – including once in 1–0 away win over S.C. Braga in the Minho derby – as his team finished in third position. Adao signed with C.F. Os Belenenses for 1988–89. On 12 October 1988, in that campaign's UEFA Cup, he scored the game's only goal at home against Bayer 04 Leverkusen, as the Lisbon side ousted the title holders 2–0 on aggregate. Later in the season he also appeared in the final of the Portuguese Cup, won after beating S.L. Benfica. Aged 30, Adao moved to F.C. Penafiel, spending his last three years (of five overall) in the second division. Over the course of 11 seasons, he amassed top-tier totals of 279 games and 16 goals.	summarization
How can I learn to snowboard?	Garry John Martin ‘A writer who teaches: I don’t think that the two are incompatible. If I’m actively involved in the craft of writing, what I learn is useful in my teaching. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. We Ski & Snowboard We Ski & Snowboard, known as Family Ski: World Ski and Snowboard in Japan and Family Ski and Snowboard in Europe, is a video game for the Wii. It is a sequel to the 2008 title We Ski and utilizes the Wii Balance Board. Snowboard A Noboard is a snowboard binding alternative with only peel and stick pads applied directly to any snowboard deck and no attachment. Snowboard binding rotating device The rotating device is usually installed between snowboard and binding or integrated into the binding. There are two primary types of rotating bindings. Burton Snowboards Burton created the Learn to Ride program in 1998. It was the only snowboard company to focus on instruction methods and beginner-specific equipment. Its goal was to give beginner snowboarders the best initial snowboarding experience possible, so they would continue to snowboard. Burton has teamed up with the American Association of Snowboard Instructors, the Canadian Association of Snowboard Instructors, and major resorts around the world. Mr. Zog's Sex Wax A snowboard wax is sold by Mr. Zog's, which is applied to the bottom of a snowboard to reduce friction between the snowboard and the snow. One variety is melted and applied to the bottom of the snowboard, another variety is rubbed on as a cold wax. Snowboard binding rotating device Snowboard boot bindings are normally screwed onto the snowboard in a permanent orientation which is almost perpendicular to the direction of travel of the snowboard. When a snowboarder reaches the bottom of a run, the rear boot is typically released from its binding to allow the snowboarder to propel himself forward across relatively flat snow. Because the front foot in the snowboard binding is at an angle to forward motion, the snowboarder experiences discomfort and tension on his leg, knee and foot joint. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium.	Buying or renting a snowboard, snowboard boots, bindings, snowboard pants, and jacket at your favorite snowboard shop is the first step. Next, check the snow conditions and availability of lessons at the ski resort of your choice. Lift tickets and lessons can be purchased for the day online. Lastly, drive to the ski resort with your gear, and register to find your snowboard instructor, who will start with lesson basics on how to strap in, stand, stop, and carve your snowboard.	general_qa
Write a brief passage arguing for mandating Electric Vehicles (EVs) over gas combustion vehicles in the United States.	Non-exhaust emissions Electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles with regenerative braking still unsettle particles on the roadway and give off rubber and road pollution, and do so at a higher rate than lighter internal combustion vehicles, but do not emit the same level of brake wear compared to vehicles of the same type. Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States The fleet of hybrid electric vehicles in the United States, with 5.8 million units sold through December 2020, is the second largest in the world after Japan (7.51 million by March 2018). American sales of hybrid electric vehicles represented about 36% of the global stock of hybrids sold worldwide through April 2016. Plug-in electric vehicles in Pakistan The industry of electric vehicles faces serious challenges in Pakistan. The major problem is the lack of awareness among common car buyers about the advantages of EVs over the combustion engine vehicles. The shortfall of electricity and lack of charging infrastructure are the major reasons why electric vehicles are not considered by the public. Charging time required by the electric vehicles and the driving range that they offer are considered to be the negative factors that discourage the local consumers from buying EVs. Also given the amount of load shedding in Pakistan because of Water & Power Development Authority's massive circular debt due to which home and electric charging stations might not receive uninterrupted supplies of electricity. It is usually questioned whether Pakistan's electricity power generation capacity will be able to cater to increased demand from electric vehicles in the future. Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States Since 1998 Global Electric Motorcars (GEM), the market leader in North America, has sold more than 50,000 GEM battery-electric vehicles worldwide . Driving America Forward Act According to the Edison Electric Institute, the trade association for investor-owned utility companies, there were over 1.27 million electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads in the United States as of June 2019. Sales of EVs have grown: total sales of EVs in the U.S. in 2018 were 81 percent higher than in 2017. Around 85,000 EVs were purchase in the U.S. between April and June 2019. Plug-in electric vehicles in Rhode Island , there were about 4,900 electric vehicles (including plug-in hybrid vehicles) in Rhode Island, equivalent to 0.7% of all vehicles in the state. Motorcycle industry in Vietnam In 2015, the Vietnamese government announced the target to shift 100% motorized two-wheelers park from internal combustion engines (ICEs) to electric vehicles (EVs) by 2030. It was a part of the government's attempt to combat air pollution and reduce Green House Gas Pollution caused by the horning motorcycles on the streets. Plug-in electric vehicles in Iceland Iceland is well suited to the adoption of EVs as driving distances are relatively short, the country has cheap, surplus renewable energy (99.98% renewable electricity in 2022) and has to import all of its fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a key component of the country's environmental policy and compliance with the Paris Agreement, with road transport contributing 20% of Iceland's total greenhouse gas emssions. The Icelandic government plans to ban the import of petrol and diesel cars after 2030. Plug-in electric vehicles in Montana , the state government charges the same annual registration fees for gasoline-powered and electric vehicles. Automotive battery Electric vehicles (EVs) are powered by a high-voltage electric vehicle battery, but they usually have an automotive battery as well, so that they can use standard automotive accessories which are designed to run on 12 V. They are often referred to as auxiliary batteries.	Electric Vehicles (EVs) provide several key benefits to the United States over Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. Firstly, EVs are powered strictly by electricity, which can be produced by renewable methods such as solar or wind power. Secondly, EVs produce significantly less greenhouse gases than ICEs, which will help reduce our carbon footprint and help improve the effects of climate change. Thirdly, EVs are safer and require less maintenance than ICEs, as there is no engine and less moving parts, and there is not a flammable fuel in the vehicle.	creative_writing
From the passage provided, extract the low end in Celsius of the optimal coffee extraction temperature range.	Coffee Coffee beans must be ground and brewed to create a beverage. The criteria for choosing a method include flavor and economy. Almost all methods of preparing coffee require that the beans be ground and then mixed with hot water long enough to allow the flavor to emerge but not so long as to draw out bitter compounds. The liquid can be consumed after the spent grounds are removed. Brewing considerations include the fineness of the grind, the way in which the water is used to extract the flavor, the ratio of coffee grounds to water (the brew ratio), additional flavorings such as sugar, milk, and spices, and the technique to be used to separate spent grounds. Optimal coffee extraction occurs between . Ideal holding temperatures range from to as high as and the ideal serving temperature is . Coffee extraction Coffee extraction occurs when hot water is poured over coffee grounds, causing desirable compounds such as caffeine, carbohydrates, lipids, melanoidins and acids to be extracted from the grounds. The degree to which extraction occurs depends on a number of factors, such as water temperature, brewing time, grind fineness, and quantity of grounds. Coffee preparation Coffee preparation is the process of turning coffee beans into a beverage. While the particular steps vary with the type of coffee and with the raw materials, the process includes four basic steps: raw coffee beans must be roasted, the roasted coffee beans must then be ground, and the ground coffee must then be mixed with hot or cold water (depending on the method of brewing) for a specific time (brewed), the liquid coffee extraction must be separated from the used grounds, and finally, if desired, the extracted coffee is combined with other elements of the desired beverage, such as sweeteners, dairy products, dairy alternatives, or toppings (such as shaved chocolate). Coffee extraction Water temperature can affect the degree to which desirable solubles are extracted. A commonly recommended brewing temperature for traditional coffee beverages is 91–94 °C (195–202 °F), which facilitates full extraction of desired compounds. To achieve this temperature, water is often briefly let to come off the boil before brewing. Heat loss during brewing may also occur – in the manual pour-over method, the mixture of coffee grounds and water, or slurry, is notoriously prone to heat loss, and high temperatures can be difficult to maintain. Coffee preparation Even with the same roast, the character of the extraction is highly dependent on distribution of particle sizes produced by the grinding process, temperature of the grounds after grinding, freshness of the roast and grind, brewing process and equipment, temperature of the water, character of the water itself, contact time with hot water (less sensitive with cold water), and the brew ratio employed. Preferred brew ratios of water to coffee often fall into the range of 15–18:1 by mass; even within this fairly small range, differences are easily perceived by an experienced coffee drinker. The sensitivity and nuance of coffee extraction has resulted in the formation of a vast (and sometimes obsessive) artisanal brewing culture and community. Processes can range from extremely manual (e.g. hand grinding with manual pour-over in steady increments) to totally automated by a single appliance with a reservoir of roast beans which it automatically measures and grinds, and water, which it automatically heats and doses. Another common style of automated coffee maker is fed a single-serving pod of pre-measured coffee grounds for each beverage. French press Coffee is brewed by placing coarsely ground coffee in the empty beaker and adding hot—between —water, in proportions of about of coffee grounds to of water, more or less to taste. It is sometimes recommended that the grounds be pre-infused with a small amount of hot water. . Plunging slowly is purported to maximize the extraction of the oils and flavonoids from the ground bean. The mesh piston normally does not compress the coffee grounds, as most designs leave a generous space—about —below the piston in its lowest position. If the brewed coffee is allowed to remain in the beaker with the used grounds, the coffee may become astringent and bitter, though this is an effect that some users of the French press consider desirable. Coffee Drip brewers and automatic coffeemakers brew coffee using gravity. In an automatic coffeemaker, hot water drips onto coffee grounds that are held in a paper, plastic, or perforated metal coffee filter, allowing the water to seep through the ground coffee while extracting its oils and essences. The liquid drips through the coffee and the filter into a carafe or pot, and the spent grounds are retained in the filter. Technivorm The Moccamaster KBG 741 AO has 137 parts. This includes a water reservoir that drips into a heater located in the base, and when the water reaches the boiling point of , it bubbles up through a tube in the center of the reservoir. This delivers the hot water to a cone-shaped coffee grind holder, which drips into a carafe at 92 to 96 °C ( to ), considered an optimal temperature range. While the coffee enters the carafe, it passes through a destratification tube. The tube delivers the liquid coffee to the bottom of the carafe, so that weaker coffee (what is dripped through the beans at the end) is distributed evenly with the stronger coffee (that is pumped through the coffee first). Brewed coffee Brewed coffee is made by pouring hot water onto ground coffee beans, then allowing to brew. There are several methods for doing this, including using a filter, a percolator, and a French press. Terms used for the resulting coffee often reflect the method used, such as drip brewed coffee, filtered coffee, pour-over coffee, immersion brewed coffee, or simply coffee. Water seeps through the ground coffee, absorbing its constituent chemical compounds, and then passes through a filter. The used coffee grounds are retained in the filter, while the brewed coffee is collected in a vessel such as a carafe or pot. Coffee preparation Coffee in all these forms is made with roasted and ground coffee and hot water, the used grounds either remaining behind or being filtered out of the cup or jug after the main soluble compounds have been extracted. The fineness of grind required differs for the various brewing methods.	The low end of the optimal coffee extraction temperature range is 91 °C.	information_extraction
Tell me if these drinks are alcoholic or not: Coca-Cola, Mountain Dew, Budweiser, Rum, Vodka, Tomato Juice, Orange Juice, Sprite, Tequila, Margarita	Matador (cocktail) The Matador is a tequila-based cocktail. Less widely known than the margarita, its structure is similarly simple, with three primary ingredients: silver or blanco tequila, pineapple juice, and lime juice. Its chief coupling of pineapple and a single spirit resembles a Jackhammer, a variant of the Screwdriver which substitutes pineapple juice for orange juice to mix with vodka. Matadors are often presented differently, either in a martini glass or a champagne flute. Paloma (cocktail) A simple paloma is a two-ingredient cocktail consisting only of tequila and grapefruit-flavored soda. A more complex variant of the Paloma is the cantarito, which in addition to lime juice, also has lemon juice and orange juice. Tomato juice Tomato juice is used in the preparation of tomato juice agar, used to culture various species of Lactobacillus. Tomato juice Tomato juice was first served as a beverage in 1917 by Louis Perrin at the French Lick Springs Hotel in southern Indiana, when he ran out of orange juice and needed a quick substitute. His combination of squeezed tomatoes, sugar and his special sauce became an instant success as Chicago businessmen spread the word about the tomato juice cocktail. Orange Whip An Orange Whip is a sweet cocktail made with rum, vodka, cream and orange juice. It is typically blended to a froth like a milkshake, and poured over ice in a Collins glass. Juice Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating (sometimes referred to as cold pressing) fruit or vegetable flesh without the application of heat or solvents. For example, orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree, and tomato juice is the liquid that results from pressing the fruit of the tomato plant. Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruit and vegetables using a variety of hand or electric juicers. Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp, but high-pulp fresh orange juice is a popular beverage. Additives are put in some juices, such as sugar and artificial flavours (in some fruit juice-based beverages) or savoury seasonings (e.g., in Clamato or Caesar tomato juice drinks). Common methods for preservation and processing of fruit juices include canning, pasteurization, concentrating, freezing, evaporation and spray drying. Tomato juice In Canada and Mexico, tomato juice is commonly mixed with beer; the concoction is known in Canada as Calgary Red-Eye, and in Mexico as Cerveza preparada. Tomato juice is the base for the cocktails Bloody Mary and Bloody Caesar, and the cocktail mixer Clamato. In the UK tomato juice is commonly combined with Worcestershire sauce. In Germany, tomato juice is a base ingredient in the Mexikaner mixed shot. Orange juice On a molecular level, orange juice is composed of organic acids, sugars, and phenolic compounds. The main organic acids found in orange juice are citric, malic, and ascorbic acid. The major sugars found in orange juice are sucrose, glucose, and fructose. There are approximately 13 phenolic compounds in orange juice including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanones, hydroxybenzoic acids, hesperidin, narirutin, and ferulic acid. Cantarito A cantarito is a tequila-based highball, paloma-like cocktail, with more ingredients: orange juice, lemon juice, and lime juice,<ref name=acouplecooks/cantaritos></ref> served in a clay cup known as a jarrito de barro that helps keep the drink cold. It can contain ingredients such as lemon juice, lime juice, grapefruit juice, orange juice, sea salt, and grapefruit soda. It is from Jalisco,<ref name=brokebankvegan/cantaritos></ref> Mexico.<ref name=cookingwithjanica/cantarito></ref> Orange juice Orange juice is a liquid extract of the orange tree fruit, produced by squeezing or reaming oranges. It comes in several different varieties, including blood orange, navel oranges, valencia orange, clementine, and tangerine. As well as variations in oranges used, some varieties include differing amounts of juice vesicles, known as pulp in American English, and (juicy) bits in British English. These vesicles contain the juice of the orange and can be left in or removed during the manufacturing process. How juicy these vesicles are depend upon many factors, such as species, variety, and season. In American English, the beverage name is often abbreviated as OJ.	Budweiser, Rum, Vodka, Tequila and Margarita are alcoholic beverages	classification
Given this paragraph about WWII, how many fatalities happened?	World War II The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, rise of fascism in Europe and rising European tensions since World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their spheres of influence across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan (with other countries later). Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history. Political history of the world World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on the 3rd. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their spheres of influence across Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan (along with other countries later on). Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the UK, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history and trapping the Axis powers, crucially the German Wehrmacht, in a war of attrition. World War II World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders. World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. Causes of World War II The causes of World War II, a global war from 1939 to 1945 that was the deadliest conflict in human history, have been given considerable attention by historians from many countries who studied and understood them. The immediate precipitating event was the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, and the subsequent declarations of war on Germany made by Britain and France, but many other prior events have been suggested as ultimate causes. Primary themes in historical analysis of the war's origins include the political takeover of Germany in 1933 by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party; Japanese militarism against China, which led to the Second Sino-Japanese War; Italian aggression against Ethiopia, which led to the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and Germany's initial success in negotiating the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with the Soviet Union to divide the territorial control of Eastern Europe between them. Fascism and ideology In response, the United Kingdom, France, and their allies declared war against Germany, resulting in the outbreak of World War II. Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned Poland between them in late 1939 followed by the successful German offensive in Scandinavia and continental Western Europe in 1940. On 10 June 1940, Mussolini led Italy into World War II on the side of the Axis. Mussolini was aware that Italy did not have the military capacity to carry out a long war with France or Britain and waited until France was on the verge of imminent collapse before declaring war, on the assumption that the war would be short-lived. Mussolini believed that Italy could gain some territorial concessions from France and then concentrate its forces on a major offensive in Egypt. Plans by Germany to invade the United Kingdom in 1940 failed after Germany lost the aerial warfare campaign in the Battle of Britain. The war became prolonged contrary to Mussolini's plans, resulting in Italy losing battles on multiple fronts and requiring German assistance. In 1941, the Axis campaign spread to the Soviet Union after Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa. Axis forces at the height of their power controlled almost all of continental Europe, including the occupation of large portions of the Soviet Union. By 1942, Fascist Italy occupied and annexed Dalmatia from Yugoslavia, Corsica and Nice from France and controlled other territories. During World War II, the Axis Powers in Europe led by Nazi Germany participated in the extermination of millions of Jews and others in the genocide known as the Holocaust. Military history of Europe World War II was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, versus the Axis powers led by Nazi Germany and Japan. The war involved the mobilisation of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history. In a state of total war, the major participants placed their complete economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Over 70 million died, the majority of them civilians, making it the deadliest conflict in human history. World War II It is generally considered that in Europe World War II started on 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland and the United Kingdom and France's declaration of war on Germany two days later. Other dates for the beginning of the war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or the earlier Japanese invasion of Manchuria, on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously, and the two wars became World War II in 1941. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World WarII as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939. Others view the Spanish Civil War as the start or prelude to World War II. Historiography of World War II Blame as the driving force during World War II, is a widely known orthodox perspective. Especially directly after World War II, Nazi Germany was held to blame for starting the war. Orthodox historians cited several reasons for this. Germany was the one who initially invaded Poland against the recommendation of the allies, and also attacked the Soviet Union. Also, the system of alliances between the Axis Powers was one that was only meant for war. The Tripartite Pact stated that if any country declared war on one of the Axis countries, the other two would also declare war on those countries. Another reason, historians saw, is that the policies of Hitler were overly aggressive; not only did Hitler preach war with France and the Soviet Union, but he followed a careful pre-made plan of expansionism. Additionally, the events that took place in unveiling of the war such as the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, Anschluss, and the German involvement during the Spanish Civil War, showed that Hitler was anticipating the possibility of war and intentionally gearing up for it. Germany In August 1939, Hitler's government negotiated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact that divided Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland, beginning World War II in Europe; Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September. In the spring of 1940, Germany conquered Denmark and Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France, forcing the French government to sign an armistice. The British repelled German air attacks in the Battle of Britain in the same year. In 1941, German troops invaded Yugoslavia, Greece and the Soviet Union. By 1942, Germany and its allies controlled most of continental Europe and North Africa, but following the Soviet victory at the Battle of Stalingrad, the Allied reconquest of North Africa and invasion of Italy in 1943, German forces suffered repeated military defeats. In 1944, the Soviets pushed into Eastern Europe; the Western allies landed in France and entered Germany despite a final German counteroffensive. Following Hitler's suicide during the Battle of Berlin, Germany signed the surrender document on 8 May 1945, ending World War II in Europe and Nazi Germany. Following the end of the war, surviving Nazi officials were tried for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials.	World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945 and was by far the deadliest conflict in history. It is estimated that there were 70-85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides, starvation, assacres, and disease.	closed_qa
How to play a forehead in tennis	Nasal reconstruction using a paramedian forehead flap Most foreheads are at least 5 cm long, when measured from eyebrow to hairline. This is usually enough to resurface the entire nose using a vertical paramedian forehead flap design. Still, there are some short foreheads. A forehead is called short when it is shorter than 4.5 cm. When using the forehead flap on a short forehead, there are multiple ways to get the length that is needed. First, the turning point of the flap can be moved down, so that the base of the flap is closer to the nasal defect and a shorter flap can be used to reach the nasal defect. Second, the distal end of the flap can be placed within the hairline. The reconstructed nose will then have some hair on it, but it can be plucked, depilated or lasered. Forehead Pseudo-Aristotle, in Physiognomica, stated that the forehead is governed by Mars. A low and little forehead denoted magnanimity, boldness, and confidence; a fleshy and wrinkle-free forehead, litigiousness, vanity, deceit, and contentiousness; a sharp forehead, weakness and fickleness; a wrinkled forehead, great spirit and wit yet poor fortune; a round forehead, virtue and good understanding; a full large forehead, boldness, malice, boundary issues, and high spirit; and a long high forehead, honesty, weakness, simplicity, and poor fortune. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Forehead kiss The forehead kiss has been used in many different forms of media. In the film medium, the forehead kiss exists in horror, comedy, science thriller, and other genres. Likewise, if someone is in search of a meaningful quote regarding forehead kisses and what they can represent, searching on Pinterest will reveal a myriad of choices; all of which, seem to tackle a different sector of the forehead kiss. In its use here, sector is referring to the different meanings the kiss can have, like friendship, love, and non-sexual attachment. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Forehead In human anatomy, the forehead is an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond. However, the eyebrows do not form part of the forehead. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Frontal sinus The Type III forehead is the most common situation and occurs in more than 90% of patients. The forehead, in this situation, has a prominent bossing across the top of the brows, and that bossing is overly projected. A frontal sinus is present. The thinness of the sinus precludes using exclusively rotary instruments to thin the bone. An osteotomy and reconstruction are the only operations to provide the proper round shape to the forehead with the decreased prominence that is necessary for a soft forehead, which involves a setback of the anterior table of the frontal sinus. This procedure is described as Type 3 Forehead Cranioplasty. Forehead The movements of the muscles in the forehead produce characteristic wrinkles in the skin. The occipitofrontalis muscles produce the transverse wrinkles across the width of the forehead, and the corrugator supercilii muscles produce vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows above the nose. The procerus muscles cause the nose to wrinkle.	Let's assume you are an adult and a right-hand player: First, you do split steps, hold the racket with your left hand and put your right hand below your left hand on the racket Second, when the ball just left the racket of your opponent, you rotate yourself so your body faces the right side of the court. Keep looking at the ball and your body steady in the process. You should bend your legs a little bit to lower your center of gravity. You should find your racket on the right side of your body, now hold it loosely with your right hand using a semi-western grip, release your left hand and move it in the direction of the incoming ball. At the same time, step out using your left leg so the distance between your legs is a little bit wider than your shoulders, and keep your center of gravity on your right leg. Now the ball starts to bounce and reach its highest point, you are going to hit the ball. You push your right foot to the ground and move your body weight from bottom to front, lower the racket head, and turn your pelvis from right to left at the same time. All of these powers combine into the force toward the front and your right-hand uses it to pull your racket from back to front and hit the ball right at the sweet point of your racket, keep pushing the racket until it reaches a limit where you cannot push any more and then release your racket and let the racket‘s inertia lead you from right to left. You should keep turning your body from right to left as well as moving your body weight from back to front until you body is fully facing your opponent and your body weight stands on the front of your left foot. Your shoulder will touch your chin if you do it right. your racket will be on the left side of your body without your control.	general_qa
Which of the companies in this list are social media platforms: Twitter, Amazon, Instagram, Square, Venmo, Tiktok, Apple.	TubeMogul In 2016, TubeMogul announced partnerships and integrations with the social media platforms Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat. ANT1 Cyprus New, but solidified to this experience, is the expertise implementation and knowledge in the field of Digital Media. The proliferation of users using Social Media Platforms, arouse ANTENNA's desire to disseminate news, videos, events or everything that has to do with broadcasting and screening, engage with users and provide a trustworthy source of newscast through its various Social Media Platforms, like Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Messenger, Twitter etc. Fashion influencer Shortly after, new social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and YouTube spread. They enabled bloggers to reach a greater audience and have an even closer relationship with their existing readership. In fact, some bloggers closed their blogs as traffic moved to other platforms such as Instagram. According to researcher Emily Hund “Social media’s influencer economy has gained steam quickly in the last few years, particularly on platforms like Instagram and Pinterest, whose image-heavy nature easily lends itself to commerce”. Social media also gave rise to influencers who did not have a blog in the first place. Jenn Im became a fashion influencer due to her successful YouTube channel, German influencer due to her high reach on Instagram. Social media During the early 21st century, social media platforms became popular, first with the emergence of Friendster and Myspace, and later with the launch and popularization of Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok, among others. Flitto Popular SNS accounts ranging from celebrities to media groups are translated into different languages. Currently supported SNS platforms are Twitter, Instagram, and Weibo. Celebrities, such as K-pop star PSY and Brazilian author Paulo Coelho, have publicly endorsed the service. Public relations Social media platforms enable users to connect with audiences to build brands, increase sales, and drive website traffic. This involves publishing content on social media profiles, engaging with followers, analyzing results, and running social media advertisements. The goal is to produce content that users will share with their social network to help a company increase brand exposure and broaden customer reach. Some of the major social media platforms are currently Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, YouTube, and Snapchat. Social in the City Social in the City (often styled as SitC), formerly Summer in the City, is an annual three-day multi-genre online video event held in London, dedicated to content creators and community from a range of social media platforms such as YouTube, Twitch, TikTok and Instagram. Instapoetry Instapoetry is a style of written poetry that emerged after the advent of social media. Instapoetry is a term that can be used to describe poems written specifically for being shared online, most commonly on Instagram (but also other platforms including Twitter, Tumblr, and TikTok). Social media marketing Some examples of popular social networking websites over the years are Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, MySpace, LinkedIn, and SnapChat. Libs of TikTok Libs of TikTok is a far-right, anti-LGBT Twitter account owned by Chaya Raichik, a former real estate agent, that reposts content created by liberals, leftists, and LGBT people on TikTok and on other social media platforms with hostile, mocking, or derogatory commentary. The account, also known by the handle @libsoftiktok, has over 1.5 million followers as of November 2022, and has become influential among American conservatives and the political right. Raichik says she runs the account by herself full-time and lives in Los Angeles. Libs of TikTok's social media accounts have received several temporary suspensions and a permanent suspension from TikTok.	In this list, Twitter, Instagram, and Tiktok are social media platforms.	classification
what is the current location of Voyager 1 spacecraft in the cosmos?	Ithaca Chasma Ithaca Chasma was discovered by Voyager 1 spacecraft on 12 November 1980 during its flyby of Saturn. However its full extent was realized only in 1981 after the Voyager 2 flyby. It was named after the island of Ithaca, in Greece. Voyager 1 Voyager 1 became the first spacecraft to cross the heliopause in August 2012, then at a distance of from the Sun, although this was not confirmed for another year. Voyager 1 Voyager 1 was commanded to change its orientation to measure the sideways motion of the solar wind at that location in space in March 2011 (~33yr 6mo from launch). A test roll done in February had confirmed the spacecraft's ability to maneuver and reorient itself. The course of the spacecraft was not changed. It rotated 70 degrees counterclockwise with respect to Earth to detect the solar wind. This was the first time the spacecraft had done any major maneuvering since the Family Portrait photograph of the planets was taken in 1990. After the first roll the spacecraft had no problem in reorienting itself with Alpha Centauri, Voyager 1's guide star, and it resumed sending transmissions back to Earth. Voyager 1 was expected to enter interstellar space at any time. Voyager 2 was still detecting outward flow of solar wind at that point but it was estimated that in the following months or years it would experience the same conditions as Voyager 1. Voyager 1 On February 17, 1998, Voyager 1 reached a distance of from the Sun and overtook Pioneer 10 as the most distant spacecraft from Earth. Travelling at about , it has the fastest heliocentric recession speed of any spacecraft. Voyager 1 As part of the Voyager program and like its sister craft Voyager 2, the spacecraft's extended mission is to locate and study the regions and boundaries of the outer heliosphere and to begin exploring the interstellar medium. Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space on August 25, 2012, making it the first spacecraft to do so. Two years later, Voyager 1 began experiencing a third tsunami wave of coronal mass ejections from the Sun that continued to at least December 15, 2014, further confirming that the probe is indeed in interstellar space. Voyager program During the 1990s, Voyager 1 overtook the slower deep-space probes Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 to become the most distant human-made object from Earth, a record that it will keep for the foreseeable future. The New Horizons probe, which had a higher launch velocity than Voyager 1, is travelling more slowly due to the extra speed Voyager 1 gained from its flybys of Jupiter and Saturn. Voyager 1 and Pioneer 10 are the most widely separated human-made objects anywhere since they are travelling in roughly opposite directions from the Solar System. Raymond Heacock NASA's two robot spacecraft, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, were launched in the Summer of 1977 on their journeys to Jupiter of more than 625 million miles. A fitting tribute to the efforts and ingenuity of many engineers and scientists, the spacecraft have now completed the exploration of the outer Solar System. Voyager 1 reached Saturn in November 1981, and then left the Solar System. Nearly 10 years later Voyager 1 turned around to point its cameras towards Earth and took the famous Pale Blue Dot image. Voyager 2 reached Saturn in August 1981, then went on to Uranus in 1986, and Neptune in 1989. Voyager program Voyager 2 was the first to be launched. Its trajectory was designed to allow flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Voyager 1 was launched after Voyager 2, but along a shorter and faster trajectory that was designed to provide an optimal flyby of Saturn's moon Titan, which was known to be quite large and to possess a dense atmosphere. This encounter sent Voyager 1 out of the plane of the ecliptic, ending its planetary science mission. Had Voyager 1 been unable to perform the Titan flyby, the trajectory of Voyager 2 could have been altered to explore Titan, forgoing any visit to Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 1 was not launched on a trajectory that would have allowed it to continue to Uranus and Neptune, but could have continued from Saturn to Pluto without exploring Titan. Voyager Golden Record The Voyager 1 probe is currently the farthest human-made object from Earth. Both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 have reached interstellar space, the region between stars where the galactic plasma is present. Like their predecessors Pioneer 10 and 11, which featured a simple plaque, both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA with a message aboard—a kind of time capsule, intended to communicate to extraterrestrials a story of the world of humans on Earth. Heliophysics Science Division The Voyager missions (Voyager 1 and Voyager 2) are a part of NASA's Heliophysics System Observatory, sponsored by the Heliophysics Division of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The Voyager spacecraft were built and continue to be operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in Pasadena, Calif. On December 4, 2012, eleven billion miles from Earth, NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft has entered a magnetic highway that connects our Solar System to interstellar space. The magnetic highway is a place in the far reaches of the Solar System where the sun's magnetic field connects to the magnetic field of interstellar space. In this region, the sun's magnetic field lines are connected to interstellar magnetic field lines, allowing particles from inside the heliosphere to zip away and particles from interstellar space to zoom in. In recent years, the speed of the solar wind around Voyager 1 has slowed to zero, and the intensity of the magnetic field has increased.	As of the moment when this question was asked, Voyager 1 is 14,798,213,369 miles away from the earth, 14,825,446,288 miles away from the sun. It takes approximately 22 hours for the light to travel in one way direction from Voyager 1 to the planet earth.	general_qa
Give me 5 ways to use a ripe avocado	Avocado A ripe avocado yields to gentle pressure when held in the palm of the hand and squeezed. The flesh is prone to enzymatic browning, quickly turning brown after exposure to air. To prevent this, lime or lemon juice can be added to avocados after peeling. Papaya The fruit is a large berry about long and in diameter. It is ripe when it feels soft (as soft as a ripe avocado or softer), its skin has attained an amber to orange hue and along the walls of the large central cavity are attached numerous black seeds. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Avocado cake Avocado is a main ingredient in avocado cake, along with other typical cake ingredients. Many varieties of avocados can be used. Avocado cake may have a subtle avocado flavor imbued in the dish. Mashed avocado can be used as an ingredient in the batter and in cake frostings and toppings. Sliced avocado can be used to top or garnish it, as can other ingredients such as the zest of citrus fruits. Deep-fried avocado Deep-fried avocado is a dish prepared using avocado that has been breaded or battered and deep-fried. Panko bread crumbs are sometimes used. The dish can be stuffed with meats, cheese and other ingredients. The avocado inside the breading or batter may melt after the deep frying occurs. Deep-fried avocado with an egg placed inside the avocado is a breakfast dish. Deep-fried avocado is also used as a main ingredient in deep-fried avocado tacos, as an additional ingredient or topping in tacos, and sometimes as a hamburger topping. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Monroe (avocado) The Monroe avocado (Persea americana 'Monroe') is a commercial named cultivar of avocado that originated in south Florida. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Lula (avocado) The 'Lula' avocado (Persea americana 'Lula') is an avocado cultivar that originated in south Florida.	1. Avocado toast (if you’re feeling adventurous, add garlic oil and pepper and use sourdough bread) 2. Guacamole (possible additives include: garlic, salt, red onions, tomatoes and lime juice) 3. Diced on your favorite taco 4. Blended in a smoothie (you can also freeze avocado cubes and add to smoothies later) 5. Cubed or sliced with a little salt and pepper on a pretzel cracker	brainstorming
List the ten episode titles from the sixth season of "Game of Thrones" in broadcast order.	The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) The Winds of Winter is the final episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the sixtieth overall. It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik. Alcazaba of Almería The sixth season of the TV series Game of Thrones was shot in locations from Andalusia to Catalonia, including the Muralla de Jayrán, and the Alcazaba fortress, which is the capital of Dorne, the kingdom of the House Martell. ALF (season 2) The following is a list of episodes from the second season of ALF. Most episode titles are named after popular songs. Game of Thrones (season 2) The second season of Game of Thrones was broadcast on HBO in the United States from April 1, 2012 to June 3, 2012. Battle of the Bastards Battle of the Bastards is the ninth and penultimate episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones and its 59th episode overall. It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik. ALF (season 3) The following is a list of episodes from the third season of ALF. Most episode titles are named after popular songs. Game of Thrones: Seven Kingdoms Game of Thrones: Seven Kingdoms was a fantasy massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) under development by Bigpoint and Artplant. The game was based on the television series Game of Thrones. After the Thrones These episodes discuss season six of Game of Thrones. Starting from the first episode, The Red Woman. Nerdette In April 2016, a spin-off of Nerdette was launched in partnership with Peter Sagal, host of NPR’s Wait Wait...Don’t Tell Me! to recap season 5 of the HBO series Game of Thrones. Nerdette Recaps Game of Thrones with Peter Sagal continued with each Game of Thrones season until the final season aired in 2019. Nerdette Recaps continued beyond Game of Thrones with seasons including recaps of HBO's His Dark Materials in 2019 and reviews of 1990s movies in 2020. Dragonstone (Game of Thrones episode) Dragonstone is the seventh season premiere episode of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 61st overall. It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Jeremy Podeswa.	The Red Woman, Home, Oathbreaker, Book of the Stranger, The Door, Blood of My Blood, The Broken Man, No One, Battle of the Bastards, The Winds of Winter	open_qa
What is the largest airline in the world ?	Caribair Domestics destinations included all airports in Dominican Republic, making it the largest airline of the country. Czech Airlines ČSA is the fifth oldest airline in the world, after Dutch KLM (1919), Colombian Avianca (1919), Australian Qantas (1920), and Soviet/Russian Aeroflot (1923). It was the first airline in the world to fly regular jet-only routes (between Prague and Moscow). All American Aviation All American Aviation was an airline company founded by Lytle Schooler Adams in 1937. It evolved over the decades to become Allegheny Airlines, then USAir and subsequently US Airways, with the latter's merger with American Airlines in 2013 creating the largest airline in the world. Boeing 747 In 1979, Qantas became the first airline in the world to operate an all Boeing 747 fleet, with seventeen aircraft. Air France–KLM In 2008, it was the largest airline company in the world in terms of total operating revenues, and also the largest in the world in terms of international passenger-kilometres. History of Iberia (airline) Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A. (Iberia Airlines of Spain in English), usually shortened to Iberia, is the largest airline of Spain, based in Madrid. New South American Airlines Group, the largest airline in the world as of 2019, is headquartered in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in Fort Worth. Dallas is also home to many global corporations, including the largest energy company in the world ExxonMobil, the largest Telecommunication company in the world AT&T, and the company where the microchip was first invented Texas Instruments. The Dallas-Fort Worth metro area is also the largest metro area in the South. Emirates (airline) The airline was the third-largest airline in the world in terms of international passengers carried, and the largest in the world in terms of scheduled international passenger-kilometers flown. It is also the second-largest in terms of scheduled freight tonne-kilometers flown (first in scheduled international freight tonne-kilometers flown). Transportation in Texas Southwest Airlines, the largest domestic carrier in the United States began its operations at Dallas Love Field. and is still headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the second largest airline on the planet by number of passengers carried. Africa World Airlines It is the largest airline in Ghana with over 600,000 passengers booked in 2021, accounting for 65% of domestic passengers and 30% of all air passengers in the country. The airline has been consistently profitable since 2014.	The largest airlines in the world can be defined in several ways. As of 2022, Delta Air Lines is the largest by revenue, assets value and market capitalization, China Southern Air Holding by passengers carried, American Airlines Group by revenue passenger mile, fleet size, numbers of employees and destinations served, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Ryanair by number of routes, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served.	open_qa
Name 5 popular musicians	Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Redmi Note 5 The most popular of the color being Lake Blue, which was an instant hit among the users. Red is the next best; it was introduced at a later date. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Brainstorming According to a meta-analysis comparing EBS to face-to-face brainstorming conducted by DeRosa and colleagues, EBS has been found to enhance both the production of non-redundant ideas and the quality of ideas produced. Despite the advantages demonstrated by EBS groups, EBS group members reported less satisfaction with the brainstorming process compared to face-to-face brainstorming group members. Computer supported brainstorming In computer supported brainstorming, team members contribute their ideas through electronic means either synchronously or asynchronously. The brainstorming software selected by the team mediates the individual interactions and helps to organize and shape the products of the brainstorming session. Computer supported brainstorming can be implemented using a wide variety of electronic technologies. Brainstorming Following these two principles were his four general rules of brainstorming, established with intention to: Brainstorming Directed brainstorming is a variation of electronic brainstorming (described below). It can be done manually or with computers. Directed brainstorming works when the solution space (that is, the set of criteria for evaluating a good idea) is known prior to the session. If known, those criteria can be used to constrain the ideation process intentionally.	Taylor Swift, Vance Joy, The Script, Coldplay, Lady Gaga	brainstorming
From this summary, list three ways in which artificial intelligence systems show behavior misaligned human values, covered by Brian Christian in the three sections of his book "The Alignment Problem"?	The Alignment Problem In the first section, Christian interweaves discussions of the history of artificial intelligence research, particularly the machine learning approach of artificial neural networks such as the Perceptron and AlexNet, with examples of how AI systems can have unintended behavior. He tells the story of Julia Angwin, a journalist whose ProPublica investigation of the COMPAS algorithm, a tool for predicting recidivism among criminal defendants, led to widespread criticism of its accuracy and bias towards certain demographics. One of AI's main alignment challenges is its black box nature (inputs and outputs are identifiable but the transformation process in between is undetermined). The lack of transparency makes it difficult to know where the system is going right and where it is going wrong. The Alignment Problem The third section covers training AI through the imitation of human or machine behavior, as well as philosophical debates such as between possibilism and actualism that imply different ideal behavior for AI systems. Of particular importance is inverse reinforcement learning, a broad approach for machines to learn the objective function of a human or another agent. Christian discusses the normative challenges associated with effective altruism and existential risk, including the work of philosophers Toby Ord and William MacAskill who are trying to devise human and machine strategies for navigating the alignment problem as effectively as possible. The Alignment Problem In the second section, Christian similarly interweaves the history of the psychological study of reward, such as behaviorism and dopamine, with the computer science of reinforcement learning, in which AI systems need to develop policy (what to do) in the face of a value function (what rewards or punishment to expect). He calls the DeepMind AlphaGo and AlphaZero systems perhaps the single most impressive achievement in automated curriculum design. He also highlights the importance of curiosity, in which reinforcement learners are intrinsically motivated to explore their environment, rather than exclusively seeking the external reward. The Alignment Problem The book is divided into three sections: Prophecy, Agency, and Normativity. Each section covers researchers and engineers working on different challenges in the alignment of artificial intelligence with human values. Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence CHAI's approach to AI safety research focuses on value alignment strategies, particularly inverse reinforcement learning, in which the AI infers human values from observing human behavior. It has also worked on modeling human-machine interaction in scenarios where intelligent machines have an off-switch that they are capable of overriding. The Alignment Problem The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values is a 2020 non-fiction book by the American writer Brian Christian. It is based on numerous interviews with experts trying to build artificial intelligence systems, particular machine learning systems, that are aligned with human values. AI alignment Teaching AI systems to act in view of human values, goals, and preferences is a nontrivial problem because human values can be complex and hard to fully specify. When given an imperfect or incomplete objective, goal-directed AI systems commonly learn to exploit these imperfections. This phenomenon is known as reward hacking or specification gaming in AI, and as Goodhart's law in economics and other areas. Researchers aim to specify the intended behavior as completely as possible with “values-targeted” datasets, imitation learning, or preference learning. A central open problem is scalable oversight, the difficulty of supervising an AI system that outperforms humans in a given domain. Existential risk from artificial general intelligence In 2020, Brian Christian published The Alignment Problem, which details the history of progress on AI alignment to date. AI alignment The AI research community and the United Nations have called for technical research and policy solutions to ensure that AI systems are aligned with human values. AI alignment When training a goal-directed AI system, such as a reinforcement learning (RL) agent, it is often difficult to specify the intended behavior by writing a reward function manually. An alternative is imitation learning, where the AI learns to imitate demonstrations of the desired behavior. In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), human demonstrations are used to identify the objective, i.e. the reward function, behind the demonstrated behavior. Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning (CIRL) builds on this by assuming a human agent and artificial agent can work together to maximize the human’s reward function. CIRL emphasizes that AI agents should be uncertain about the reward function. This humility can help mitigate specification gaming as well as power-seeking tendencies (see § Power-Seeking). However, inverse reinforcement learning approaches assume that humans can demonstrate nearly perfect behavior, a misleading assumption when the task is difficult.	In the first section, Prophecy, the author talks about predictive models making decisions that are difficult to examine and may become discriminative or unfair. In the second section, Agency, about reinforcement learning systems, despite some remarkable achievements, are guided nearly exclusively by their objective function, not so much by curiosity to discover the world. In the third section, Normativity, inverse reinforcement learning techniques face the challenge of figuring out the objective function of humans.	summarization
How big is the universe?	Richard Massey He has featured in several TV documentaries, including BBC's Horizon documentary How Big is the Universe? in 2013 and online. Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking Episode 3: The Story of Everything (At least some portions of this episode were used for the premiere episode of Curiosity, entitled Did God create the universe?.) Brief Answers to the Big Questions The ten questions that are considered include: Is there a God? How did it all begin? What is inside a black hole? Can we predict the future? Is time travel possible? Will we survive on Earth? Is there other intelligent life in the universe? Should we colonise space? Will artificial intelligence outsmart us? How do we shape the future? Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Big Bang One of the common misconceptions about the Big Bang model is that it fully explains the origin of the universe. However, the Big Bang model does not describe how energy, time, and space were caused, but rather it describes the emergence of the present universe from an ultra-dense and high-temperature initial state. It is misleading to visualize the Big Bang by comparing its size to everyday objects. When the size of the universe at Big Bang is described, it refers to the size of the observable universe, and not the entire universe. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. My Pilot, Whale The film’s meaningful content is expressed through the narration, which conveys to the viewer the thoughts of a member of the expedition who interacts with dolphins in the ocean. The viewer is asked a lot of questions: “Why do whales and dolphins not seek contact with us? What happens to the ocean as a result of them living in it? As a result of the fact that they are the only ones on the planet that never sleep? What do they do to the world through their lives, woven from attention and love? Why do they not respond in kind when we cause them pain? Where does the contact zone lie? What would our civilization be like today if it were guided by different principles, such as that feelings are more important and more perfect than the mind? Does each of us have a direct and immediate opportunity to communicate with the Universe?” Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand.	While the entire size of the universe is unknown, scientists have estimated that the universe is approximately 93 billion light-years in diameter.	general_qa
Is it a good idea to have a protein shake after a gym workout? How do I make one?	Should I Really Do It? Should I Really Do It? (Bunu Gerçekten Yapmalı Mıyım?) is feature film by Ismail Necmi, starring Petra Woschniak and HEROLD. Date shake A date shake is a milkshake made with dates. The drink originated in, and is particularly associated with, the Coachella Valley in California. Gonzalo Suárez (director) In 1984 he acted as the married writer in Pedro Almodóvar's ¿Qué he hecho yo para merecer esto? (What Have I Done to Deserve This?). Billy Herrington The three most notable soramimi from Billy Herrington that comes from Workout: Muscle Fantasies 3, that would later make up the tag, are Huh? Like embarrassing me, huh? (あぁん?最近だらしねぇな?, aan? saikin darashi nee na? What? You are slacking off these days?); You got me mad now. (歪みねぇな, yugami nee na, You are not distorted.); and That's not right, man. (仕方ないね, shikata nai ne, It can't be helped.). Strength training A light, balanced meal prior to the workout (usually one to two hours beforehand) ensures that adequate energy and amino acids are available for the intense bout of exercise. The type of nutrients consumed affects the response of the body, and nutrient timing whereby protein and carbohydrates are consumed prior to and after workout has a beneficial impact on muscle growth. Water is consumed throughout the course of the workout to prevent poor performance due to dehydration. A protein shake is often consumed immediately following the workout. Glucose (or another simple sugar) is often consumed as well since this quickly replenishes any glycogen lost during the exercise period. The Craft of Science Writing The Craft of Science Writing presents more than 30 articles, some new, others previously published on The Open Notebook website, organized to answer five questions: Who is a science journalist and how do you become one? What makes a science story and how do you find one? How do you report a science story? How do you tell your story? How do you build expertise in science writing? Lauren Cooper Lauren is a 15-year-old schoolgirl with a surly attitude and was most widely known for her phrase Am I bovvered? (i.e. bothered - the v in the word takes the place of the th that should be there; see th-fronting). When feeling angry or embarrassed, she frequently replies with defensive responses such as Am I bovvered?, Do I look bovvered? or Are you disrespecting me?, among others. As demonstrated through her clothing and mannerisms, Tate portrays Lauren as a caricature of a chav. K-line (artificial intelligence) Whenever you 'get a good idea', solve a problem, or have a memorable experience, you activate a K-line to 'represent' it. A K-line is a wirelike structure that attaches itself to whichever mental agents are active when you solve a problem or have a good idea. Health shake Bodybuilders sometimes drink a protein shake to help muscular recovery and building. While some health shakes have more calories than a plate of pancakes or a cheese omelet, these extra calories are accompanied by nutrients and both may be required by athletes in training. Smoothies—particularly green smoothies—are arguably a type of health shake, except stereotypical health shakes often contain some processed ingredients rather than just raw fruit and vegetables. Factory-made products often contain sweeteners and other additives (e.g., antioxidants, preservatives). Mannum Mannum hosts a number of other sports during the year, most notably netball in the winter months (the netball club is also nicknamed the Roos), and cricket and tennis in the summer months. The local Community Complex hosts many various indoor sports, including basketball, squash, various martial arts and it contains a gym and other workout rooms.	Most health professionals agree that consuming extra protein with strength training is helpful. Some experts recommend one gram of protein per pound of body weight over the entire day, though there are a variety of studies on the subject with differing recommendations. The recent consensus view is a post-workout recovery meal is a good idea, typically within 30 minutes to two hours of completing strength training. A mix of carbohydrates and protein is recommended. To make one for yourself: 1. Get a good protein source, typically a protein powder. Casein and Whey proteins are popular choices. 2. Add the protein powder to a shaker. Some are small and handheld; other models use electricity. 3. Following the instructions on the protein powder, add water or milk. Typically, 4 to 8 oz of liquid for one scoop (30g) of powder. 4. Optionally add your favorite fruits, such as bananas or strawberries. 5. Shake things together for around a minute. Enjoy, but be sure to vary your protein sources as a part of a healthy and balanced diet!	general_qa
To which countries have The Netherlands borders with.	Netherlands The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's most populous city and the nominal capital. The Hague holds the seat of the States General, Cabinet and Supreme Court. The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe.<ref name=Ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20200402-2_2021-11-25></ref> Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands, and the third busiest in Europe. The Netherlands is a founding member of the European Union, Eurozone, G10, NATO, OECD, and WTO, as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts, many of which are centred in The Hague. Netherlands The Netherlands ( ), informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east, and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium in the North Sea. The country's official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch Low Saxon and Limburgish are recognised regional languages, while Dutch Sign Language, Sinte Romani and Yiddish are recognised non-territorial languages. Dutch, English and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean territories. Netherlands With a population of 17.7 million people, all living within a total area of —of which the land area is —the Netherlands is the 16th most densely populated country in the world and the second-most densely populated country in the European Union, with a density of . Nevertheless, it is the world's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products by value, owing to its fertile soil, mild climate, intensive agriculture, and inventiveness. Science and technology in the Netherlands The Netherlands is a founding member of NATO, the European Commission and its successor, the European Union. It is a small, flat country in north-western Europe with 18.5% is covered by water. Its eastern border is shared with Germany, southern border with Belgium and western and northern borders with the North Sea. The Netherlands is part of the larger Kingdom of the Netherlands (which also includes the countries of Aruba, Curacao and St Maarten as well as the territories of Bonaire, Saba and St Eustasius; all former colonies located in the Caribbean). Geography of the Netherlands The geography of the European Netherlands is unusual in that much of its land has been reclaimed from the sea and is below sea level, protected by dikes. It is a small country with a total area of and ranked 131st. With a population of 17.4 million and density of makes it the second most densely populated member of the European Union after Malta, and the 12th most densely populated country in the world, behind only three countries with a population over 16 million. Consequently, the Netherlands is highly urbanized. Geology of the Netherlands The geology of the Netherlands describes the geological sequence of the Netherlands. Large parts of the Netherlands today are below sea level and have in the past been covered by the sea or flooded at regular intervals. The modern Netherlands formed as a result of the interplay of the four main rivers (Rhine, Meuse, Schelde and IJssel) and the influence of the North Sea and glaciers during ice-ages. The Netherlands is mostly composed of deltaic, coastal and eolian derived sediments during the Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods. Urban area The Netherlands is the 30th most densely populated country in the world, with —or if only the land area is counted. The Randstad is the country's largest conurbation located in the west of the country and contains the four largest cities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht. The Randstad has a population of 7 million inhabitants and is the 6th largest metropolitan area in Europe. Demography of the Netherlands The Netherlands is the 16th most densely populated country in the world, and the 5th most densely populated country in Europe; the first four are mini states. The 17.4 million Dutch inhabitants are concentrated on an area of including water surface, the land surface being . This means that the country has a population density of . The density of 500 inhabitants/km was reached in the first half of 2014. South Holland South Holland ( ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.7 million as of October 2021 and a population density of about , making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of , of which is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland. Postage stamps and postal history of the Netherlands The postal region of the Netherlands is located in North-West Europe and comprises the whole territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Europe and until 2010 the full territory of the country the Netherlands. Four other postal regions exist in the kingdom: for Aruba, the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), Curaçao and Sint Maarten.	The Netherlands borders Germany to the east, and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium in the North Sea.	summarization
What are some plastic use reduction ideas	Computer supported brainstorming Electronic brainstorming has the ability to help group members spur new ideas when exposed to the ideas generated by others. However, when compared with non-electronic brainstorming, electronic brainstorming actually forces group members to spend additional time and cognitive resources reading, understanding, and interpreting ideas instead of coming up with new ideas of their own, creating a greater cognitive load that can increase time needed for brainstorming. Brainstorming According to a meta-analysis comparing EBS to face-to-face brainstorming conducted by DeRosa and colleagues, EBS has been found to enhance both the production of non-redundant ideas and the quality of ideas produced. Despite the advantages demonstrated by EBS groups, EBS group members reported less satisfaction with the brainstorming process compared to face-to-face brainstorming group members. Plastic pollution Some supermarkets charge their customers for plastic bags, and in some places more efficient reusable or biodegradable materials are being used in place of plastics. Some communities and businesses have put a ban on some commonly used plastic items, such as bottled water and plastic bags. Some non-governmental organizations have launched voluntary plastic reduction schemes like certificates that can be adapted by restaurants to be recognized as eco-friendly among customers. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Brainstorming This method of brainstorming works by the method of association. It may improve collaboration and increase the quantity of ideas, and is designed so that all attendees participate and no ideas are rejected. Brainstorming In other words, brainstorming is a situation where a group of people meet to generate new ideas and solutions around a specific domain of interest by removing inhibitions. People are able to think more freely and they suggest as many spontaneous new ideas as possible. All the ideas are noted down without criticism and after the brainstorming session the ideas are evaluated. Electronic meeting system In an electronic brainstorming, the group creates a shared list of ideas. In contrast to paper-based brainstorming or brain-writing methods, contributions are directly entered by the participants and immediately visible to all, typically in anonymous format. By overcoming social barriers with anonymity and process limitations with parallelized input, more ideas are generated and shared with less conformity than in a traditional brainstorming or brain-writing session. The benefits of electronic brainstorming increase with group size. Computer supported brainstorming In computer supported brainstorming, team members contribute their ideas through electronic means either synchronously or asynchronously. The brainstorming software selected by the team mediates the individual interactions and helps to organize and shape the products of the brainstorming session. Computer supported brainstorming can be implemented using a wide variety of electronic technologies. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals.	Plastic is a pollutant that won't easily degrade. However; its versatility can't be dismissed and its not easy to get away from its usage in our day to day lives. We can however optimize and reduce the usage. 1) Invest in a solid reusable grocery bag made out of non plastic material 2) If you don't have your own reusable grocery bag please insist your grocery store to bag your groceries in paper bags 3) This may be a surprise to you but the inner lining of canned beverages is plastic. So getting canned beverages may not be a 100% plastic free experience it's a much effective one than having the same beverage in a plastic bottle 4) Offices can install filter based water machines rather than storing plastic water bottles. 5) Invest in a reusable water jug or water bottle to avoid use and throw plastic water bottles	brainstorming
What is guitar amp modeling?	Distortion (music) Guitar amp modeling devices and software can reproduce various guitar-specific distortion qualities that are associated with a range of popular stomp box pedals and amplifiers. Amp modeling devices typically use digital signal processing to recreate the sound of plugging into analogue pedals and overdriven valve amplifiers. The most sophisticated devices allow the user to customize the simulated results of using different preamp, power-tube, speaker distortion, speaker cabinet, and microphone placement combinations. For example, a guitarist using a small amp modeling pedal could simulate the sound of plugging their electric guitar into a heavy vintage valve amplifier and a stack of 8 X 10 speaker cabinets. Amplifier modeling Amplifier modeling (also known as amp modeling or amp emulation) is the process of emulating a physical amplifier such as a guitar amplifier. Amplifier modeling often seeks to recreate the sound of one or more specific models of vacuum tube amplifiers and sometimes also solid state amplifiers. Paul Phillips (guitarist) Paul Phillips picked up guitar when he was 11. His father played guitar in a cover band. His first guitar and amp was a Squier Strat and a small Peavey combo amp, I don't remember what the name or model it was; I remember it was a small combo thing. Phillips said. Bass amplifier While electric bass players have used regular guitar amplifiers in large concerts since the 1960s, this is usually just for the higher register; a bass amp is still typically used for the low register, because regular guitar amps are only designed to go down to about 80 Hz. One of the reasons bassists split their signal into a bass amp and an electric guitar amp is because this arrangement enables them to overdrive the higher-register sound from the electric guitar amp, while retaining the deep bass tone from the bass amp. Naturally-produced overdrive on bass obtained by cranking a tube amplifier or solid-state preamplifier typically results in a loss of bass tone, because when pushed into overdrive, a note goes to the upper octave second harmonic. Line 6 (company) Though Line 6 began with a modeling guitar amp, their breakthrough product line was arguably the POD guitar processor line and its later variants, but this modeling technology has been the foundation for most of Line 6's products, from guitar amps to software and computer audio interfaces. Line 6 has an active user community, and provides software that allows users to easily download and share patches or device settings for many of Line 6's products. Guitar amplifier The use of full range, flat response (FRFR) amplification systems by electric guitarists has received an extra impetus from modeling amplifiers. Before widespread availability of modeling, guitarists did not commonly plug electric guitars straight into PA systems or powered speakers because most genres relied on the tonal coloration of a regular guitar amplifier setup—from the preamplifier, equalization filters, power amp, guitar speakers, and cabinet design. The FRFR approach assumes the tone is shaped by sound processors in the signal chain before the amplifier and speaker stage, so it strives to not add further coloration or dedicated combo-style amplifiers with a broad frequency range. Such processors can be traditional guitar effects, a modeling amplifier (without power amplifier), or a computer running tone-shaping software. Using a modeling amp or a multi-effects pedal used with line level output, a guitarist can plug in the guitar into a flat response mic input or into a keyboard amplifier. Open ModelSphere Open ModelSphere has SILVERRUN PerfectO for an ancestor, proprietary software developed by Computer Systems Advisers and released in 1996. PerfectO was part of the SILVERRUN suite of modeling tools, known in the modeling community since the 1990s; PerfectO was used to support object-oriented modeling (limited to class modeling at that time) and object-relational modeling. Line 6 (company) Digital modeling attempts to recreate the unique characteristics of musical instruments and pro audio gear. Early Line 6 products used digital modeling to emulate the signature tone of a guitar amp/speaker combination. Further development of Line 6's modeling technology has extended the emulation to include numerous guitar amplifier / guitar cabinet combinations, guitar effects, microphones, and even different guitars and other fretted instruments themselves. Digital modeling offers countless virtual combinations of a variety of music gear, but only as emulations, however convincing as they may be. General-purpose modeling General-purpose modeling (GPM) is the systematic use of a general-purpose modeling language to represent the various facets of an object or a system. Examples of GPM languages are: Shade 3D Shade 3D supports polygon modeling, however all versions of Shade support curved surface modeling based on bezier based lines - a unique modeling method similar to bezier based vector editing tools such as Adobe Illustrator and not available in some other 3D modeling applications. Shade also supports NURBS based modeling. Modeling in Shade is done with Metric or Imperial measurements selected making Shade useful for architecture.	Guitar amp modeling is a digital technology for reproducing the sound and feel of playing guitar through physical amplifiers. This technology may be embodied in a piece of outboard gear, or as a software plugin for a digital audio workstation. In recent years, guitar amp modeling has advanced to the point of being difficult to discern by ear from the sound of the amplifiers being modeled. Some brands associated with advanced guitar amp modeling include Line 6, Fractal Audio, and Neural DSP.	open_qa
Classify each of the following as "heavy" or "light": elephant, feather, hippo, paper, whale	Pamona language Ethnologue lists the following as dialects: Laiwonu (Iba), Pamona (Poso), Rapangkaka (Aria), Taa (Topotaa, Wana), Tobau (Bare’e, Tobalo, Tobao), Tokondindi, Tomoni, and Topada. Wildcat In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force revised the taxonomy of the Felidae, and recognized the following as valid taxa: Emilie Boon Ziefert and Boon have collaborated on a series of Little Hippo books, the first of which was published in 1988 by Viking Penguin. The books have been written for children between 1 1/2 to 5 years-of-age. They are intended to help children deal with change, like the addition of a new baby to the family or moving to a new house. The hippo is drawn distinctively with stylized features, smudged outlines and light-gray coloring. In 1997, Boon saw a new series of Little Hippo books published by Scholastic, Inc. and claims that the characters are a take-off of her distinctive illustrations, use Little Hippo for its name and dress the hippo as she has. Further, Scholastic sought to trademark the image of the hippo for a line of books. Some of the titles of the little hippo books are: Daddy Can You Play With Me? Little Hippo's New Baby, Little Hippo's New House, and Mummy Where Are You? Bronze-winged jacana Nematode parasites, Gongylonema indica and Stellocaronema alii and the feather louse Rallicola indicus have been described from specimens of the bronze-winged jacana. Norman Feather Feather was born in 1904 to Samson and Lucy (Clayton) Feather in Pecket Well, Yorkshire, Northern England. His father was headmaster of Pecket Well. When Feather was still an infant, his father became headmaster of Holme Primary School in Yorkshire, which Feather later attended. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pennaceous feather The pennaceous feather is a type of feather present in most modern birds and in some other species of maniraptoriform dinosaurs. Fauna of Maine The large baleen whales of Maine include the blue whale, Bryde's whale, finback whale, humpback whale, minke whale, north atlantic right whale, and the sei whale Fauna of Maine The large toothed whales of Maine include the beluga, beaked whale, false killer whale, grampus, killer whale, northern bottlenose whale, pygmy sperm whale, short-finned pilot whale, sperm whale, and the long-finned pilot whale. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry.	Elephant: Heavy Feather: Light Hippo: Heavy Paper: Light Whale: Heavy	classification
Where should I live in Indiana?	Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Toledot Reading the words of , why do I live, Robert Alter wrote that Rebekah's cry of perplexity and anguish over her difficult pregnancy was terse to the point of being elliptical. Alter suggested that Rebekah's words might even be construed as a broken-off sentence—Then why am I . . . ? Thierry Jonquet Tarantula was filmed by Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, under the title The Skin I Live In, which was entered in competition in May 2011 for the Cannes Film Festival. Kanchana 3 Film Companion South wrote, In theory, I am a fan of mixing humor and horror. I just wish they worked more on the writing. I can live with the non-existent craft in these films, but is it too much to ask a horror-comedy to have some quality horror and some quality comedy? Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Orthodox International Youth Festival "Bratya" The lectures are built in the format of general conversation () and mini-conversation (), and not only listening to the lecture, but also asking the listeners questions. As noted in the Moscow Diocesan Gazette, the fathers help find answers to many questions, and sometimes, on the contrary, think and ask themselves a question: do I live, do I do the right thing?. Conversations can be conducted not only by priests and bishops, but also by well-versed laypeople. These activities are held in the morning and in the daytime. Homeless: The Motel Kids of Orange County In interviews, Pelosi said that her motivation for making the film came from her children, I live in Manhattan, I was walking down the street with my son, he said to me, “Mommy, why is that person sleeping on the street?” “Because he doesn’t have a home.” “Why doesn’t he have a home?” And I couldn’t come up with an answer.	There are many great places to live in Indiana. It depends on what is most important to you. If living near a body of water is important to you, you may want to look in northern Indiana near many lakes and Lake Michigan. If great schools are important to you, you might want to look at Zionsville, Indiana. This city has the best public school system in the state. Lastly, if you want to live near a college campus, you might enjoy a town like Bloomington or West Lafayette to be near Indiana University or Purdue University, respectively.	creative_writing
Who was Cleopatra's first husband	One of Cleopatra's Nights and Other Fantastic Romances Cleopatra's Night, a short opera in two acts by American composer Henry Kimball Hadley with a libretto by Alice Leal Pollock based on One of Cleopatra's Nights, premiered at the Metropolitan Opera on January 31, 1920. The opera was revived the following season, and was broadcast on NBC radio in 1929. Henry T. Finck proclaimed it the best of ten American operas that had so far appeared at the Met. Julio-Claudian family tree Octavia the Younger's first husband was a Claudius from the Marcelli family. Claudia, descending from Claudii, became the first wife of Octavian, who by then was adopted in the Julii Caesares family by the testament of his uncle Julius Caesar. After her first husband's death, Octavia married Mark Antony, who besides the offspring of his first three marriages had had children by Cleopatra. Cleopatra's Second Husband Cleopatra's Second Husband is a 1998 psychological drama written, produced and directed by Jon Reiss. Paul Hipp (The Funeral) and Bitty Schram (Kissing a Fool) play Robert and Hallie Marrs, a young LA couple, who go on vacation, leaving their house in the hands of strangers. They return to find their fish as dead as the plants, everything in disarray, and housesitters, clad in the couple's clothes, refusing to leave. Zack (Boyd Kestner) and Sophie (Radha Mitchell), the charismatic house sitting couple, soon infuse the repressed Robert with their erotically perverse irresponsibility. Robert, browbeaten and seemingly devoid of personality (with even his sex life regulated by his domineering wife's ovulation cycle), is easily seduced by the sexy Sophie. When Hallie discovers the dalliance and leaves, Robert literally becomes the couples slave. He gives them control of his home, his credit cards, practically his entire identity, until one day, driven to the darkest edge of his psyche, he snaps. Partially inspired by a true incident, this gripping thriller is equal parts black comedy and psychological power play. The film's title Cleopatra's Second Husband, derives from Hallie and Robert's relationship which is a parallel to that of Cleopatra and Marc Antony. Cleopatra's Needles Cleopatra's Needles: After this famous monument, the oldest and most curious in modern Alexandria are these two Needles, or Obelisks, which are attributed to Cleopatra, without anyone knowing too well on what basis. One is now overturned, and almost buried under the sands; the other still remains upright. Titus (usurper) Also noteworthy is Titus's equally fictitious wife, Calpurnia of the gens Caesonia, and who it was claimed had been a priestess, whose statue, in marble and golden bronze, was located in the Temple of Venus. She reportedly owned the pearls that had belonged to Cleopatra VII of Egypt, and a famous one hundred-pound silver platter, with the histories of her noteworthy family - the implication being that she was a descendant of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, the Roman consul of 148 BC, and a distant relation of Calpurnia, the wife of Julius Caesar. This link is further developed in two ways; firstly, her statue is described as being placed in the Temple of Venus Genetrix, where Caesar had once placed a statue of Cleopatra. Secondly, her possession of Cleopatra's pearls also reinforces her role as a female figure representing traditional Romanitas, compared against the previous owner who was traditionally represented as everything that was contrary to Roman values. Her possession of Cleopatra's pearls is also fictitious, as Pliny the Elder recounts that one of Cleopatra's pearls was dissolved in vinegar and drunk by Cleopatra in front of Marc Antony, while the other was made into earrings for the statue of Venus that stood in the Temple of Venus Genetrix. Death of Cleopatra In other modern visual arts, Cleopatra has been depicted in mediums such as paintings and sculptures. In her 1876 sculpture The Death of Cleopatra, African American artist Edmonia Lewis, despite championing the non-white female form in artworks, chose to depict Cleopatra with Caucasian features, perhaps in keeping with Cleopatra's recorded lineage as a Macedonian Greek. Lewis' Neoclassical sculpture offers a post-mortem view of Cleopatra dressed in Egyptian regalia and sitting on her throne, which is decorated with two sphinx heads that represent the twins she bore with Mark Antony: Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II. An 1880 , now found in Lille, France, was once thought to be a work by Albert Darcq, but restoration and cleaning of the sculpture revealed the signature of Charles Gauthier, to whom the work is now attributed. The 1874 painting Death of Cleopatra by Jean-André Rixens depicts a dead Cleopatra with very light skin, accompanied by maidservants with rather dark skin, a combination frequently found in modern artworks portraying the scene of Cleopatra's death. Orientalist paintings by Rixens and others influenced the hybrid Ancient-Egyptian and Middle-Eastern decor found in the J. Gordon Edwards' film Cleopatra starring Bara, seen standing on a Persian carpet but with Egyptian wall paintings in the background. Cleopatra Octavian entered Alexandria, occupied the palace, and seized Cleopatra's three youngest children. When she met with Octavian, Cleopatra told him bluntly, I will not be led in a triumph (), according to Livy, a rare recording of her exact words. Octavian promised that he would keep her alive but offered no explanation about his future plans for her kingdom. When a spy informed her that Octavian planned to move her and her children to Rome in three days, she prepared for suicide as she had no intentions of being paraded in a Roman triumph like her sister Arsinoe IV. It is unclear if Cleopatra's suicide on 10 August 30 BC, at age 39, took place within the palace or her tomb. It is said she was accompanied by her servants Eiras and Charmion, who also took their own lives. Octavian was said to have been angered by this outcome but had Cleopatra buried in royal fashion next to Antony in her tomb. Cleopatra's physician Olympos did not explain her cause of death, although the popular belief is that she allowed an asp or Egyptian cobra to bite and poison her. Plutarch relates this tale, but then suggests an implement (, , 'spine, cheese-grater') was used to introduce the toxin by scratching, while Dio says that she injected the poison with a needle (, ), and Strabo argued for an ointment of some kind. No venomous snake was found with her body, but she did have tiny puncture wounds on her arm that could have been caused by a needle. Serpent of the Nile The film opens in 44 BC, just after the assassination of Julius Caesar, and tells the story of the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra (Fleming) and her relationship with the Roman general Mark Antony (Burr) from that time until their mutual suicide in 30 BC. Lucilius, having previously accompanied Julius Caesar to Egypt and having been a close witness to Caesar's romance with Cleopatra, believes that Cleopatra is a woman highly skilled in besotting men to promote her own agenda, in this case to bind Mark Anthony to her desire to become queen of Rome and to make her son by Caesar the eventual ruler of the Roman Empire. In the meantime, as Lucilius becomes aware, Cleopatra is beguiling Anthony with continuous showings of feasting and luxury while the vast population of Egypt is suffering in hunger and poverty. When Lucilius reveals his concerns to Cleopatra, she makes an unsuccessful attempt to seduce him, in order to win him to her side. Cleopatra persuades Anthony that all this disaffection is the work of her younger half-sister, Arsinoe, and Lucilius is sent on an expedition against her in which she is (unhistorically) killed. Lucilius returns from this trip wounded by Cleopatra's own soldiers and even more distrustful of her, and is confined to his apartments as an honored prisoner, while Anthony continues to have his judgment clouded with constant feasting and drinking (and, although this is not mentioned, some sort of physical contact with Cleopatra's person). But Anthony dimly realizes that he has failed in his duties to Rome, most specifically in his role as a member of the ruling triumvirate, and that Cleopatra is scheming to use him to conquer Rome to make himself king and herself queen and Caesar's son the next absolute ruler of Rome, but he knows that Romans will never accept such a development; so he enables Lucilius to escape, with instructions to return to Rome and warn Octavius of what is happening in Egypt. (Unlike the Elizabeth Taylor version, this Cleopatra is not madly in love with Anthony, but is merely using him as a stepping stone). Soon enough Octavius brings Roman armies to Egypt to subdue this incipient mutiny. In this movie it would appear that a conscience-stricken Anthony stays in Cleopatra's palace, refusing to lead an Egyptian army against his beloved Rome. As Octavius closes in, Anthony stabs himself, Lucilius breaches the palace gates in time to bring a dying Anthony to Cleopatra's chamber, and Cleopatra, in despair of the complete frustration of her ambitions, uses a snake to kill herself. This brings the movie to its end before we see Cleopatra die. Death of Cleopatra The character of Cleopatra had appeared in forty-three films by the end of the 20th century. Georges Méliès' Robbing Cleopatra's Tomb (), an 1899 French silent horror film, was the first to depict the character of Cleopatra. Following the Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912), the 1913 Italian film Marcantonio e Cleopatra by Enrico Guazzoni depicted Cleopatra as the embodiment of the cruel Orient, a queen who had defied Rome, while the actions of her lover Antony, after his suicide, are forgiven by Octavian. In cultivating a stage persona for her character in the 1917 US film Cleopatra, actress Theda Bara was seen in public petting snakes while the Fox Film Corporation posed her in front of Cleopatra's alleged mummified remains in a museum, where she announced that she was the reincarnation of Cleopatra, having received hieroglyphic tributary offerings from a reincarnated servant. Fox Studios also had Bara dress as a leader of the occult and associated her with perverse death and sexuality. The 1963 Hollywood film Cleopatra by Joseph L. Mankiewicz contains a dramatic scene where the Egyptian queen, portrayed by Elizabeth Taylor, is engaged in a slap-fight with her lover Mark Antony, portrayed by Richard Burton, inside the tomb where they would be interred. Cleopatra the Physician Cleopatra's work is known from six fragments of her writing, probably all from Cosmetics. Four of these fragments are quoted by the 2nd–3rd century CE physician Galen, and the other two by the Byzantine physicians Aetius of Amida and Paulus of Aegina. Nothing is known about her life, but her work can be dated to the late 1st century as she refers to a weight standard which was only in use after 64 CE, and she is known to have been cited in another work entitled Cosmetics by the late 1st-century physician Crito, from which Galen took his quotations of Cleopatra's writing. The identification of the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII (died 30 BCE) as the author of this work, made by some ancient writers (including Aetius), is therefore incorrect. It has, however, been argued that Cleopatra may have chosen this name as a pseudonym in reference to Queen Cleopatra. She is also to be distinguished from Cleopatra the Alchemist.	Ptolemy Dionysus – her brother	open_qa
What is the difference between a bass guitar and a normal guitar?`	Contrabass guitar A classical contrabass guitar is tuned E–A–D–G–B–E, like the classical guitar, but one octave lower. It is popular in Fado bands in Portugal and South America. In this sense, it may actually be considered as an acoustic bass guitar, for it shares the same low-end range. Although called a contrabass guitar, the fact that it is tuned only an octave lower than a normal guitar makes it—in modern terminology—more an acoustic bass guitar than a contrabass instrument. Its strings are much thinner than a conventional acoustic bass guitar, so it lacks the thick tone of those instruments. Contrabass guitar A contrabass guitar is a low-register bass guitar with four, five or six strings. It is often called, simply, a six string bass guitar. The five string bass guitar is rarely called a contrabass guitar, even though it typically has the same lowest note. Red Special A bass guitar called the Bri-Bass was announced on May's website and is available. It looks like his normal guitar but with four bass strings. It features a bound mahogany body and 31.5 scale neck, topped with a 20-fret ebony fingerboard. Pickups are a Gibson EB-0 type chrome-covered humbucking neck pick-up and a rear-position single coil pick-up hooked up to a passive volume/volume/tone circuit. Guitar The acoustic bass guitar is a bass instrument with a hollow wooden body similar to, though usually somewhat larger than, that of a 6-string acoustic guitar. Like the traditional electric bass guitar and the double bass, the acoustic bass guitar commonly has four strings, which are normally tuned E-A-D-G, an octave below the lowest four strings of the 6-string guitar, which is the same tuning pitch as an electric bass guitar. It can, more rarely, be found with 5 or 6 strings, which provides a wider range of notes to be played with less movement up and down the neck. Guitar tech Bass guitar technicians (or bass techs) perform the same functions for a bass guitar player. The bass guitar is a variety of electric guitar pitched below a regular electric guitar, typically by one octave. Many basic elements of the two types of instruments are similar enough—magnetic pickups routed to an electronic amplifier—that a guitar technician is usually able to work as a bass guitar technician if they become familiar with the unique aspects of the electric bass. The electric bass differs from the electric guitar in several respects. To become a bass tech, a person must learn how to set up the string action (height) and adjust the height of the pickups so that the bassist is able to create the tones associated with different bass styles. Depending on the band, these styles might include such as slap and pop, tapping, or upright bass-style playing with the thumb. Guitar controller The bass guitar which was designed like a normal bass guitar, with a legacy design of having 5 fret buttons and a strum bar, had 2 strum bars since many bass guitar players would play with two fingers when they strum. Also, there is no whammy bar since bass players don't use a whammy. The bass guitar would also be offered in 3 different colors. Those being a seafoam green, candy apple red, and white. Guitar Acoustic guitars form several notable subcategories within the acoustic guitar group: classical and flamenco guitars; steel-string guitars, which include the flat-topped, or folk, guitar; twelve-string guitars; and the arched-top guitar. The acoustic guitar group also includes unamplified guitars designed to play in different registers, such as the acoustic bass guitar, which has a similar tuning to that of the electric bass guitar. Acoustic bass guitar The acoustic bass guitar (sometimes shortened to acoustic bass or initialized ABG) is a bass instrument with a hollow wooden body similar to, though usually larger than a steel-string acoustic guitar. Like the traditional electric bass guitar and the double bass, the acoustic bass guitar commonly has four strings, which are normally tuned E-A-D-G, an octave below the lowest four strings of the 6-string guitar, which is the same tuning pitch as an electric bass guitar. Guitar The bass guitar (also called an electric bass, or simply a bass) is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G). The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds (as is the double bass) to avoid excessive ledger lines being required below the staff. Like the electric guitar, the bass guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker for live performances. Eight-string bass guitar An eight-string bass guitar is a type of bass guitar with double course strings normally tuned in octaves, with both strings in a course usually played simultaneously. As on a 12-string guitar, this produces a natural chorus effect due to the subtle differences in string timbre.	A bass guitar typically has four strings which are tuned to G, D, A and E in the standard tuning. A standard guitar, on the other hand, has six strings which are tuned to E, B, G, D, A and E in the standard tuning.	open_qa
How is data engineering different from data science?	Data engineering Data engineering refers to the building of systems to enable the collection and usage of data. This data is usually used to enable subsequent analysis and data science; which often involves machine learning. Making the data usable usually involves substantial compute and storage, as well as data processing and cleaning. Data hub A data hub is a center of data exchange that is supported by data science, data engineering, and data warehouse technologies to interact with endpoints such as applications and algorithms. Data engineering The design of data systems involves several components such as architecting data platforms, and designing data stores. Ben Baumer Baumer has written a textbook for use in data science courses, Modern Data Science with R. He has several highly cited papers on pedagogical techniques for undergraduate data science education. He has taught online data science courses for DataCamp. He is a member of the national organizing committee for DataFest, a weekend-long data hackathon for undergraduate students. Baumer has also organized the FiveCollege Data Fest since 2014. The Data Incubator The Data Incubator is a data science education company. It offers corporate data science training and placement services. It is best known for an 8-week educational fellowship preparing students with Master's degrees and PhDs for careers in big data and data science. C. F. Jeff Wu He popularized the term data science and advocated that statistics be renamed data science and statisticians data scientists. C. F. Jeff Wu In 1985, in a lecture given to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, he used the term Data Science for the first time as an alternative name for statistics. Later, in November 1997, he gave the inaugural lecture entitled Statistics = Data Science? for his appointment to the H. C. Carver Professorship at the University of Michigan. Data science The modern conception of data science as an independent discipline is sometimes attributed to William S. Cleveland. In a 2001 paper, he advocated an expansion of statistics beyond theory into technical areas; because this would significantly change the field, it warranted a new name. Data science became more widely used in the next few years: in 2002, the Committee on Data for Science and Technology launched Data Science Journal. In 2003, Columbia University launched The Journal of Data Science. In 2014, the American Statistical Association's Section on Statistical Learning and Data Mining changed its name to the Section on Statistical Learning and Data Science, reflecting the ascendant popularity of data science. Document warehouse This is different from data warehouses that focuses on structured data, such as tabularized sales reports. Data engineering Data scientists are more focused on the analysis of the data, they will be more familiar with mathematics, algorithms, statistics, and machine learning.	Data Engineering occurs before data science in the data lifecycle. Data can be generated from various sources and this raw data may be structured, semi structured or even unstructured. To make sense of this data, data has to be ingested and transformed. This is when data engineering comes into picture. Data engineering includes the process of extracting the raw data, ingesting data into a system like a data lake, transforming the data for business needs and finally loading it into a table. This is commonly known as ELT (Extract-Load-Transform). ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) is also possible where transformation happens before the loading stage. Data Science and Analytics is the next step in the data lifecycle. Once the data needed for specific business need is available, data scientists use this data to run machine learning models to find the most accurate model. This data is available to the data scientists in the form of tables. Data analysts also use this data to do some exploratory analysis and create dashboards. In essence, the data lifecycle would look as follows: Raw data from different sources -> Data Engineering -> Data Science and Analytics	open_qa
Who was Paramahansa Yogananda?	Paramahansa Yogananda Paramahansa Yogananda (born Mukunda Lal Ghosh; January 5, 1893March 7, 1952) was an Indian Hindu monk, yogi and guru who introduced millions to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his organization Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) / Yogoda Satsanga Society (YSS) of India, and who lived his last 32 years in America. A chief disciple of the Bengali yoga guru Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, he was sent by his lineage to spread the teachings of yoga to the West, to prove the unity between Eastern and Western religions and to preach a balance between Western material growth and Indian spirituality. His long-standing influence in the American yoga movement, and especially the yoga culture of Los Angeles, led him to be considered by yoga experts as the Father of Yoga in the West. Ananda Yoga Ananda Yoga, or Ananda Yoga for Higher Awareness is a system of Hatha Yoga established by Kriyananda, a Western disciple of Paramahansa Yogananda, and is based on Yogananda's Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) and Yogoda Satsanga Society of India (YSS) teachings. Ananda Yoga emphasizes inner awareness; energy control; and the experience of each asana as a natural expression of a higher state of consciousness, which is enhanced by the use of affirmations. Kriya Yoga school The lineage of Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF)/Yogoda Satsanga Society of India (YSS), founded by Paramahansa Yogananda includes Jesus Christ, Bhagavan Krishna, Mahavatar Babaji, Lahiri Mahasaya, Sri Yukteswar Giri and Paramahansa Yogananda. According to SRF, Yogananda stated, before his passing, that it was God's wish that he be the last in the SRF line of Gurus. When questioned about the succession of SRF/YSS leadership, Yogananda answered, “There will always be at the head of this organization men and women of realization. They are already known to God and the Gurus. They shall serve as my spiritual successor and representative in all spiritual and organizational matters.” Missionary Paramahansa Yogananda, an Indian yogi and guru, introduced many westerners to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his book, Autobiography of a Yogi. Satyananda Giri Satyananda Giri () (17 November 1896 – 2 August 1971), is the monastic name of Manamohan Mazumder, an Indian monk and a chief monastic disciple of Kriya Yoga guru Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri. He was a close childhood friend of, and brother-disciple to, Paramahansa Yogananda. In his later monastic life, he served as the leader of several yoga training institutions in east India. Kriya Yoga school Kriya Yoga was brought to international awareness by Paramahansa Yogananda, a disciple of Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, with his book Autobiography of a Yogi and through Yogananda's introductions of the practice to the west from 1920. Dihika In 1920, Sri Yogananda was sent by his Guru Sri Yukteswar Giri to share with the West the philosophy of Yoga and its tradition of meditation. It was then that he founded Self-Realization Fellowship(SRF), the sister organization to YSS. He was the first Hindu teacher of yoga to make his permanent home in America, living there from 1920—1952. Ananda Yoga Ananda Yoga was established by Kriyananda taking from one of the oldest Hatha Yoga systems in the West. Its roots are the 1940s/1950s, when Kriyananda was with Self-Realization Fellowship, he was taught these postures by Yogananda. Yogananda, founder of SRF and YSS, asked Kriyananda (then Donald Walters) and other young monks, to demonstrate the postures for visiting guests, as well as for public events, such as the SRF Lake Shrine Dedication. Kriyananda and other monks also posed for photos, for articles on the yoga postures in Yogananda's Self-Realization Magazine. From 1965 Kriyananda through his own organization started to teach Ananda Yoga publicly in California. The director of Ananda Yoga, Gyandev Rich McCord, is a co-founder of Yoga Alliance and a member of its board of directors. Yoga as exercise In 1925, Kuvalayananda's rival Paramahansa Yogananda, having moved from India to America, set up the Self-Realization Fellowship in Los Angeles, and taught yoga, including asanas, breathing, chanting and meditation, to tens of thousands of Americans. In 1923, Yogananda's younger brother, Bishnu Charan Ghosh, founded the Ghosh College of Yoga and Physical Culture in Calcutta. Hatha yoga Yoga as exercise, of the type seen in the West, has been greatly influenced by Swami Kuvalayananda and his student Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, who taught from 1924 until his death in 1989. Both Kuvalayananda and Krishnamacharya combined asanas from Haṭha yoga with gymnastic exercises from the physical culture of the time, dropping most of its religious aspects, to develop a flowing style of physical yoga that placed little or no emphasis on Haṭha yoga's spiritual goals. Among Krishnamacharya's students prominent in popularizing yoga in the West were K. Pattabhi Jois famous for popularizing the vigorous Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga style, B. K. S. Iyengar who emphasized alignment and the use of props in Iyengar Yoga, and by Indra Devi and Krishnamacharya's son T. K. V. Desikachar. Krishnamacharya-linked schools have become widely known in the Western world. Examples of other branded forms of yoga, with some controversies, that make use of Haṭha yoga include Anusara Yoga, Bikram Yoga, Integral Yoga, Jivamukti Yoga, Kundalini Yoga, Kripalu Yoga, Kriya Yoga, Sivananda Yoga and Viniyoga. After about 1975, yoga has become increasingly popular globally, in both developed and developing countries.	Paramahansa Yogananda was an Indian Hindu monk who introduced large populations of people to the meditation and Kriya Yoga. He organized Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) / Yogoda Satsanga Society (YSS) of India and was sent by his Guru Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri to the United States to speak the knowledge of Yoga to the West. He was known as "Father of Yoga in the West."	information_extraction
Based on the text below, please summarise in a few lines	Cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are out). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. Dismissal (cricket) In cricket, a dismissal occurs when a batter's innings is brought to an end by the opposing team. Other terms used are the batsman being out, the batting side losing a wicket, and the fielding side taking a wicket. The ball becomes dead (so no further runs can be scored off that delivery), and the dismissed batter must leave the field of play for the rest of their team's innings, to be replaced by a team-mate. A team's innings ends if ten of the eleven team members are dismissed. Players bat in pairs so, when only one batter is not out, it is not possible for the team to bat any longer. This is known as dismissing or bowling out the batting team, who are said to be all out. Plaquita Two teams of two players take turns fielding and batting. There are two wickets which are license plates (called placas in Spanish), with one fielder behind and one batter in front of each wicket. Batters run between the wickets to score runs, with one run scored for each swap of the batters, though they can be put out if a fielder runs them out by hitting a wicket with the ball while they are away from it. One of the fielding team's players throws the ball to the batter at the opposite wicket, who may then try to hit it. The fielding team's goal is to bowl the batter out by knocking over the wicket with the ball. Whichever team has more runs at the end of the game wins. Cricket ball A cricket ball is a hard, solid ball used to play cricket. A cricket ball consists of a cork core wound with string then a leather cover stitched on, and manufacture is regulated by cricket law at first-class level. The trajectory of a cricket ball when bowled, through movement in the air, and off the ground, is influenced by the action of the bowler and the condition of the ball and the pitch, while working on the cricket ball to obtain optimal condition is a key role of the fielding side. The principal method through which the batsman scores runs is by hitting the ball, with the bat, into a position where it would be safe to take a run, or by directing the ball through or over the boundary. Cricket balls are harder and heavier than baseballs. Stumped Stumping is the fifth most common form of dismissal after caught, bowled, leg before wicket and run out, though it is seen more commonly in Twenty20 cricket because of its more aggressive batting. It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket. It is usually seen with a medium or slow bowler (in particular, a spin bowler), as with fast bowlers a wicket-keeper takes the ball too far back from the wicket to attempt a stumping. It often includes co-operation between a bowler and wicket-keeper: the bowler draws the batsman out of his ground (such as by delivering a ball with a shorter length to make the batsman step forward to hit it on the bounce), and the wicket-keeper catches and breaks the wicket before the batsman realises he has missed the ball and makes his ground, i.e. places the bat or part of his body on the ground back behind the popping crease. If the bails are removed before the wicket-keeper has the ball, the batsman can still be stumped if the wicket-keeper removes one of the stumps from the ground, while holding the ball in his hand. The bowler is credited for the batsman's wicket, and the wicket-keeper is credited for the dismissal. A batsman may be out stumped off a wide delivery but cannot be stumped off a no ball as bowler is credited for the wicket. Bat and trap The bowling side stand behind and between the posts. If any of them catches the ball before it hits the ground the batsman is out. The batsman is also out if he or she fails to hit the ball between the posts at a height not exceeding . After each successful hit, one fielder (the one whose turn it is to bowl next), returns the ball to the batting end by hurling, tossing, or bowling it back towards the trap, attached to the front of which is a square target, or wicket, hinged at the bottom. If the bowler hits the wicket with the ball so as to knock it flat, the batsman is bowled out. If the bowler does not succeed, the batsman scores one run and continues to play. Once all the members of the first batting team are out, the batting and bowling teams change places and the game continues until all players on both sides have batted. Cricket field Within the boundary and generally as close to the centre as possible will be the square which is an area of carefully prepared grass upon which cricket pitches can be prepared and marked for the matches. The pitch is where batsmen hit the bowled ball and run between the wickets to score runs, while the fielding team tries to return the ball to either wicket to prevent this. Fielding (cricket) Fielding in the sport of cricket is the action of fielders in collecting the ball after it is struck by the striking batter, to limit the number of runs that the striker scores and/or to get a batter out by either catching a hit ball before it bounces, or by running out either batter before they can complete the run they are currently attempting. There are a number of recognised fielding positions, and they can be categorised into the offside and leg side of the field. Fielding also involves preventing the ball from going to or over the edge of the field (which would result in runs being scored by the batting team in the form of a boundary). Baseball The principal objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely; this generally occurs either when the batter hits the ball and reaches first base before an opponent retrieves the ball and touches the base, or when the pitcher persists in throwing the ball out of the batter's reach. Players on the batting team who reach first base without being called out can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner, either immediately or during teammates' turns batting. The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners out, which forces them out of the field of play. The pitcher can get the batter out by throwing three pitches which result in strikes, while fielders can get the batter out by catching a batted ball before it touches the ground, and can get a runner out by tagging them with the ball while the runner is not touching a base. The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding; the batting team's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for each team constitutes an inning. A game is usually composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. Most games end after the ninth inning, but if scores are tied at that point, extra innings are usually played. Baseball has no game clock. Wicket The dismissal of a batsman is known as the taking of a wicket. The batsman is said to have lost his wicket, the batting side is said to have lost a wicket, the fielding side to have taken a wicket, and the bowler is also said to have taken his (i.e. the batsman's) wicket, if the dismissal is one of the types for which the bowler receives credit. This language is used even if the dismissal did not actually involve the stumps and bails in any way (for example, a catch). The other four of the five most common methods of dismissal (bowled, LBW, run out, and stumped) involve the stumps and bails being put down (in the case of LBW, theoretically).	Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams with eleven players each. The game is played in a field with a pitch at the center with wickets at either end. There is a batting team and a bowling team. The game is adjudicated by two on-field umpires, a third umpire, and a referee. There are various forms of the game, starting from Twenty20, which generally lasts up to 3 hours to test cricket, played over 5 days.	summarization
What was Freddie Mercury's real name?	Barry George George has also used in the name Barry Bulsara and claimed to be the cousin of Freddie Mercury, Bulsara being Mercury's real surname. 17473 Freddiemercury On 4 September 2016, one day before what would have been Freddie Mercury's 70th birthday, the International Astronomical Union and the Minor Planet Center named the asteroid after Mercury, as it was discovered the same year as Mercury's death, () and its provisional designation included his initials, FM. The approved naming was announced by Mercury's Queen bandmate Brian May at Montreux Casino to mark Mercury's 70th birthday. KylieX2008 Minogue described the show as being a show within a show, stating that each act is dramatically different from one another. Minogue stated she was inspired by Queen frontman, Freddie Mercury. I'm releasing my inner Freddie Mercury. It's hard to explain but parts of the show are so over the top. When I sing 'Your Disco Needs You', it's a real Freddie moment. Death of Freddie Mercury On 24 November 1991, British musician and Queen frontman Freddie Mercury died from bronchial pneumonia at his home in Kensington. He had exhibited HIV/AIDS symptoms as early as 1982 and was diagnosed with AIDS in 1987. Freddie Mercury On 1 September 2016, an English Heritage blue plaque was unveiled at Mercury's home in 22 Gladstone Avenue in Feltham, west London by his sister, Kashmira Cooke, and Brian May. Attending the ceremony, Karen Bradley, the UK Secretary of State for Culture, called Mercury one of Britain's most influential musicians, and added he is a global icon whose music touched the lives of millions of people around the world. On 24 February 2020 a street in Feltham was renamed Freddie Mercury Close during a ceremony attended by his sister Kashmira. On 5 September 2016, the 70th anniversary of Mercury's birth, asteroid 17473 Freddiemercury was named after him. Issuing the certificate of designation to the charismatic singer, Joel Parker of the Southwest Research Institute added: Freddie Mercury sang, 'I'm a shooting star leaping through the sky' — and now that is even more true than ever before. In an April 2019 interview, British rock concert promoter Harvey Goldsmith referred to Mercury as one of our most treasured talents. Freddie Mercury: The Great Pretender Freddie Mercury: The Great Pretender is an Emmy/Rose d'Or award-winning 2012 feature-length documentary film about Queen singer Freddie Mercury and his attempt to forge a solo career. The film is a British venture co-produced by EMP and Mercury Songs for Eagle Rock Entertainment with Eagle Rock serving as distributor. Freddie Mercury On 24 November 1997, a monodrama about Freddie Mercury's life, titled , opened in New York City. It presented Mercury in the hereafter: examining his life, seeking redemption and searching for his true self. The play was written and directed by Charles Messina and the part of Mercury was played by Khalid Gonçalves (né Paul Gonçalves) and then later, Amir Darvish. Billy Squier opened one of the shows with an acoustic performance of a song he had written about Mercury titled I Have Watched You Fly. Freddie Mercury Mercury appeared as a supporting character in the BBC television drama Best Possible Taste: The Kenny Everett Story, first broadcast in October 2012. He was portrayed by actor James Floyd. He was played by actor John Blunt in The Freddie Mercury Story: Who Wants to Live Forever, first broadcast in the UK on Channel 5 in November 2016. Although the programme was criticised for focusing on Mercury's love life and sexuality, Blunt's performance and likeness to the singer did receive praise. Death of Freddie Mercury Mercury's funeral service was conducted on 27 November 1991 by a Zoroastrian priest at West London Crematorium, where he is commemorated by a plinth under his birth name. In attendance at Mercury's service were his family and 35 of his close friends, including Elton John and the members of Queen. His coffin was carried into the chapel to the sounds of Take My Hand, Precious Lord/You've Got a Friend by Aretha Franklin. In accordance with Mercury's wishes, Mary Austin took possession of his cremated remains and buried them in an undisclosed location. The whereabouts of his ashes are believed to be known only to Austin, who has said that she will never reveal them. Freddie Mercury Some believe Mercury was bisexual; for example, regarding the creation of Celebrate Bisexuality Day, Wendy Curry said: We were sitting around at one of the annual bi conventions, venting and someoneI think it was Gigisaid we should have a party. We all loved the great bisexual, Freddie Mercury. His birthday was in September, so why not Sept? We wanted a weekend day to ensure the most people would do something. Gigi's birthday was September 23rd. It fell on a weekend day, so, poof! We had a day. The Advocate said in May 2018, Closeted throughout his life, Mercury, who was bisexual, engaged in affairs with men but referred to a woman he loved in his youth, Mary Austin, as 'the love of his life,' according to the biography Somebody to Love: The Life, Death, and Legacy of Freddie Mercury. Additionally, according to an obituary Mercury was a self-confessed bisexual. The 2018 biopic of Mercury, Bohemian Rhapsody, received criticism for its portrayal of Mercury's sexuality, which was described as sterilized and confused, and was even accused of being dangerous.	Farrokh Bulsara	open_qa
Who were the major players in the Watergate conspiracy?	Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's continual attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972, break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C., Watergate Office Building. Richard Nixon's resignation speech Nixon's resignation was the culmination of what he referred to in his speech as the long and difficult period of Watergate, a 1970s federal political scandal stemming from the break-in of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate Office Building by five men during the 1972 presidential election and the Nixon administration's subsequent attempts to cover up its involvement in the crime. Nixon ultimately lost much of his popular and political support as a result of Watergate. At the time of his resignation the next day, Nixon faced almost certain impeachment and removal from office. Watergate complex In 1972, the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, then located on the sixth floor of the Watergate Office Building, was burglarized; private campaign documents were photographed and telephones were wiretapped. The U.S. Senate investigation into the burglary revealed that high officials in the administration of President Richard Nixon had ordered the break-in and later tried to cover up their involvement. Additional crimes were also uncovered. The Watergate scandal, named after the complex, resulted in Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974. Impeachment process against Richard Nixon The Watergate scandal began with the June 17, 1972, break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate Office Building in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement. In January 1973, the same month in which President Nixon began his second term, the burglars each went on trial separately before U.S. District Judge John Sirica; all pleaded or were found guilty. That February, the United States Senate voted to create a special investigative committee to look into the scandal. The resultant Senate Watergate hearings, led by Sam Ervin, commenced in May 1973. Broadcast gavel-to-gavel nationwide by PBS and (alternately) by the three U.S. commercial networks—ABC, CBS and NBC, the hearings aroused and held great public interest through that summer. Senators heard testimony that the president had approved plans to cover up administration involvement with the Watergate break-in, and learned of the existence of a voice-activated taping system in the Oval Office. United States v. Nixon The case arose out of the Watergate scandal, which began during the 1972 presidential campaign between President Nixon and his Democratic challenger, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota. On June 17, 1972, about five months before the election, five men broke into Democratic National Committee headquarters located in the Watergate Office Building in Washington, D.C.; these men were later found to have ties with the Nixon administration. Timeline of the Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal refers to the burglary and illegal wiretapping of the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, in the Watergate complex, by members of President Richard Nixon's re-election campaign and the subsequent cover-up of the break-in resulting in Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, as well as other abuses of power by the Nixon White House that were discovered during the course of the scandal. 1972 United States presidential election On June 17, 1972, five months before election day, five men broke into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate hotel in Washington, D. C.; the resulting investigation led to the revelation of attempted cover-ups of the break-in within the Nixon administration. What became known as the Watergate scandal eroded President Nixon's public and political support in his second term, and he resigned on August 9, 1974, in the face of probable impeachment by the House of Representatives and removal from office by the Senate. Impeachment process against Richard Nixon The impeachment process against Richard Nixon began in the United States House of Representatives on October 30, 1973, following the series of high-level resignations and firings widely called the Saturday Night Massacre during the course of the Watergate scandal. The House Committee on the Judiciary set up an impeachment inquiry staff and began investigations into possible impeachable offenses by Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States. The process was formally initiated on February 6, 1974, when the House granted the Judiciary Committee authority to investigate whether sufficient grounds existed to impeach Nixon of high crimes and misdemeanors under , of the United States Constitution. This investigation was undertaken one year after the United States Senate established the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities to investigate the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex during the 1972 presidential election, and the Republican Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement; during those hearings the scope of the scandal became apparent and the existence of the Nixon White House tapes was revealed. Watergate Babies Watergate Babies is a term referring to Democrats first elected to the United States Congress in the 1974 elections, after President Richard Nixon's resignation over the Watergate scandal, on August 9, 1974. George H. W. Bush During Bush's tenure at the RNC, the Watergate scandal emerged into public view; the scandal originated from the June 1972 break-in of the Democratic National Committee, but also involved later efforts to cover up the break-in by Nixon and other members of the White House. Bush initially defended Nixon steadfastly, but as Nixon's complicity became clear he focused more on defending the Republican Party.	The list begins with the President of the United States, Richard Nixon. John Dean served as the Counsel to the President, and was a lead witness whose testimony blew the case wide open, naming many top presidential aides as being closely involved. H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and John Mitchell were all senior members of the administration who resigned in disgraced and were convicted. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy played major roles in the Watergate break-in. A major figure in the conspiracy was Daniel Ellsberg, but not for any wrongdoing. Rather, he was a target of the Nixon White House, and an attempted burglary of his psychiatrist's office was just one of the illegal acts that the White House covered up.	summarization
Which of Shakespeare’s plays is the longest?	Shakespeare's plays Shakespeare's plays are a canon of approximately 39 dramatic works written by English poet, playwright, and actor William Shakespeare. The exact number of plays—as well as their classifications as tragedy, history, comedy, or otherwise—is a matter of scholarly debate. Shakespeare's plays are widely regarded as being among the greatest in the English language and are continually performed around the world. The plays have been translated into every major living language. Shakespeare's plays Shakespeare's plays are also notable for their use of soliloquies, in which a character, apparently alone within the context of the play, makes a speech so that the audience may understand the character's inner motivations and conflict. The Plays of William Shakespeare Johnson began reading Shakespeare's plays and poetry when he was a young boy. He would involve himself so closely with the plays that he was once terrified by the Ghost in Hamlet and had to have people about him. Johnson's fascination with Shakespeare continued throughout his life, and Johnson focused his time on Shakespeare's plays while preparing A Dictionary of the English Language, so it is no wonder that Shakespeare is the most quoted author in it. Love's Labour's Lost The play also features the single longest word in all of Shakespeare's plays: honorificabilitudinitatibus, spoken by Costard at 5.1.30. Shakespeare's plays Shakespeare's writing (especially his plays) also feature extensive wordplay in which double entendres and rhetorical flourishes are repeatedly used. Humour is a key element in all of Shakespeare's plays. Although a large amount of his comical talent is evident in his comedies, some of the most entertaining scenes and characters are found in tragedies such as Hamlet and histories such as Henry IV, Part 1. Shakespeare's humour was largely influenced by Plautus. Shakespeare's sonnets Shakespeare's sonnets are considered a continuation of the sonnet tradition that swept through the Renaissance from Petrarch in 14th-century Italy and was finally introduced in 16th-century England by Thomas Wyatt and was given its rhyming metre and division into quatrains by Henry Howard. With few exceptions, Shakespeare’s sonnets observe the stylistic form of the English sonnet—the rhyme scheme, the 14 lines, and the metre. But Shakespeare’s sonnets introduce such significant departures of content that they seem to be rebelling against well-worn 200-year-old traditions. Charlotte Shakespeare Charlotte Shakespeare was a professional, non-profit theatre company in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company specialized in intimate and accessible performances of traditional and modern classics, with an emphasis on the plays of William Shakespeare and with a mission of presenting plays that reflect timeless truths about the human condition and honor Shakespeare’s genius for storytelling and language. Shakespeare Writing "Julius Caesar" Méliès himself plays Shakespeare in the film. The film was his last cinematic work derived from the plays of William Shakespeare; earlier in the same year, Méliès had filmed a film adaptation of Shakespeare's Hamlet. Shakespeare in Action The company focuses on demystifying Shakespeare’s language by the characters in today’s world and encouraging students to attach themselves to the stories within the play. The company’s main stage productions use Shakespeare’s original text, and their workshops and youth programs help students to work through the text, often through group performance, inspiring them to think about the historical background of the plays and the process behind production. The company's workshops and other programmed use Shakespeare's language as an opportunity for students to learn by doing. Shakespeare's plays During Shakespeare's lifetime, many of his greatest plays were staged at the Globe Theatre and the Blackfriars Theatre. Shakespeare's fellow members of the Lord Chamberlain's Men acted in his plays. Among these actors were Richard Burbage (who played the title role in the first performances of many of Shakespeare's plays, including Hamlet, Othello, Richard III and King Lear), Richard Cowley (who played Verges in Much Ado About Nothing), William Kempe, (who played Peter in Romeo and Juliet and, possibly, Bottom in A Midsummer Night's Dream) and Henry Condell and John Heminges, who are most famous now for collecting and editing the plays of Shakespeare's First Folio (1623).	Hamlet.	open_qa
What are some ways to care for a new tree	Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Brainstorming According to a meta-analysis comparing EBS to face-to-face brainstorming conducted by DeRosa and colleagues, EBS has been found to enhance both the production of non-redundant ideas and the quality of ideas produced. Despite the advantages demonstrated by EBS groups, EBS group members reported less satisfaction with the brainstorming process compared to face-to-face brainstorming group members. Brainstorming Directed brainstorming is a variation of electronic brainstorming (described below). It can be done manually or with computers. Directed brainstorming works when the solution space (that is, the set of criteria for evaluating a good idea) is known prior to the session. If known, those criteria can be used to constrain the ideation process intentionally. Computer supported brainstorming In computer supported brainstorming, team members contribute their ideas through electronic means either synchronously or asynchronously. The brainstorming software selected by the team mediates the individual interactions and helps to organize and shape the products of the brainstorming session. Computer supported brainstorming can be implemented using a wide variety of electronic technologies. Brainstorming Following these two principles were his four general rules of brainstorming, established with intention to: Computer supported brainstorming Electronic brainstorming has the ability to help group members spur new ideas when exposed to the ideas generated by others. However, when compared with non-electronic brainstorming, electronic brainstorming actually forces group members to spend additional time and cognitive resources reading, understanding, and interpreting ideas instead of coming up with new ideas of their own, creating a greater cognitive load that can increase time needed for brainstorming.	There are many ways to care for a young tree to ensure its future health and success. Some ways you may want to care for a young tree include: - Frequent watering. The amount of water and frequency will vary depending on the tree and climate but frequent, deep watering is essential for early development. - Nutrients. Fertilizers may aid in the early stages. Be sure to read the manufacturers label and instructions before application. - Mulch. Applying mulch to the base of the tree aids in weeds suppression and moisture retention. - Remove nearby weeds/plants. Weeds and plants can provide competition to your tree for important resources. Remove any near the root system of your tree. These are just some ways you can ensure a healthy start to your tree!	brainstorming
From the passage provided, extract the programming languages supported by Flink. Separate them with a comma.	Apache Flink Flink provides a high-throughput, low-latency streaming engine as well as support for event-time processing and state management. Flink applications are fault-tolerant in the event of machine failure and support exactly-once semantics. Programs can be written in Java, Scala, Python, and SQL and are automatically compiled and optimized into dataflow programs that are executed in a cluster or cloud environment. Apache Flink Apache Flink is an open-source, unified stream-processing and batch-processing framework developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The core of Apache Flink is a distributed streaming data-flow engine written in Java and Scala. Flink executes arbitrary dataflow programs in a data-parallel and pipelined (hence task parallel) manner. Flink's pipelined runtime system enables the execution of bulk/batch and stream processing programs. Furthermore, Flink's runtime supports the execution of iterative algorithms natively. Apache Flink Flink Forward is an annual conference about Apache Flink. The first edition of Flink Forward took place in 2015 in Berlin. The two-day conference had over 250 attendees from 16 countries. Sessions were organized in two tracks with over 30 technical presentations from Flink developers and one additional track with hands-on Flink training. Apache Flink Apache Flink includes two core APIs: a DataStream API for bounded or unbounded streams of data and a DataSet API for bounded data sets. Flink also offers a Table API, which is a SQL-like expression language for relational stream and batch processing that can be easily embedded in Flink's DataStream and DataSet APIs. The highest-level language supported by Flink is SQL, which is semantically similar to the Table API and represents programs as SQL query expressions. Apache Flink Flink programs run as a distributed system within a cluster and can be deployed in a standalone mode as well as on YARN, Mesos, Docker-based setups along with other resource management frameworks. Flink Flink (full name: The Misadventures of Flink according to the title screen) is a 2D scrolling platform video game developed by former members of Thalion and published by Psygnosis. Apache Flink Flink offers ready-built source and sink connectors with Apache Kafka, Amazon Kinesis, HDFS, Apache Cassandra, and more. Flink (company) Flink was founded at the end of 2020 in Berlin by Christoph Cordes, Oliver Merkel and Julian Dames as a start-up. Flink has raised around 750 million US dollars in financing rounds, including from the investor group around DoorDash and from REWE. By the end of 2021, Flink was valued at US$2.1 billion. Carl Flink Flink's work has also been featured in television and video projects, including: TPT MNO Duet for Wreck (2012) – A Twin Cities Public Television Minnesota Original segment that received a 2012 Regional Emmy Award. The video features a duet choreographed by Flink that he performed with his wife Emilie Plauché Flink. The work features an original composition by composer Mary Ellen Childs. Mattias Flink Flink was born and raised in Falun, Sweden. His mother was a housewife and his father and grandfather worked as gunsmiths with their own shop. At the age of seven Flink joined the Scout Movement. His parents divorced when he was nine years old and the divorce is described as having been calm and sensible. Flink chose to stay with his father in the family house while his mother moved to an apartment just a couple of hundred meters from the house. According to psychological evaluations his mother's departure left deep scars within Flink. It is said that Flink developed some kind of alienation towards women.	Java, Scala, Python, SQL	information_extraction
Can you recommend 3 diverse National Parks in California worth a visit?	National parks in California There are nine national parks located in the state of California managed by the National Park Service. National parks protect significant scenic areas and nature reserves, provide educational programs, community service opportunities, and are an important part of conservation efforts in the United States. There are several other locations inside of California managed by the National Park Service, but carry other designations such as National Monuments. Many of the national parks in California are also part of national forests and National Wildlife Refuges, and contain Native American Heritage Sites and National Monuments. National parks in California Kings Canyon National Park is located in the southern Sierra Nevadas, in Fresno and Tulare counties. Currently the park covers . National parks in California The Joshua Tree National Park is in southeastern California, east of Los Angeles and San Bernardino, near Palm Springs, California. It takes its name from the Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia) native to the Mojave Desert. National parks in California Notable areas protected inside Yosemite include: Tunnel View, El Capitan, Sentinel Dome and Half Dome, Tuolumne Meadows, Dana Meadows, Clark Range, Cathedral Range, and Kuna Crest. National parks in California Humboldt Redwoods State Park and Big Basin Redwoods State Park are California state Redwood parks which are part of the Northern California coastal forests, but are not a part of the Redwood National and State Parks complex. Sölvesborg During the summer period, a visit to one of the many beaches is well worth. Notable beaches are Sandviken, Tredenborg and Hällevik. National parks in California In addition to protecting the redwoods, the ecosystem of the parks protect a number of threatened species such as the tidewater goby, Chinook salmon, northern spotted owl, and Steller's sea lion, while providing educational programs and recreation facilities and numerous hiking and walking trails throughout the park. National parks in California The Kings Canyon National Park and Sequoia National Park adjoin each other and are administered together by the National Park Service as Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. National parks of the United Kingdom The UK's national parks are members of National Parks UK, which works to promote them, and to facilitate training and development for staff of all the parks. National parks in California The Redwood National and State Parks are one of twentyfour World Heritage Sites in the United States; the committee overseeing the evaluation noted the existence of over fifty prehistoric archaeological sites and the research on the area by Humbolt State University. The park is also a part of the California Coast Ranges International Biosphere Reserve.	California is home to several top tier National Parks. Yosemite would be at top of many lists for its natural beauty, including granite formations like Half Dome and El Capitan, lofty waterfalls like Yosemite and Bridalveil and distinctive landscapes like Tuolumne Meadows and the Mariposa Grove of giant sequoias. Lassen National Park is hidden gem in the northeast corner of the state. One can day hike to the top of the namesake volcano and explore active signs of vulcanism such as the fumaroles and mudpots of Bumpass Hell. Joshua Tree National Park, in the southeast part of the state, is fairly distinct from both Yosemite and Lassen with desert flora and fauna, include the namesake tree which is actually a succulent.	general_qa
In 64th Annual Grammy Awards, best album of the year award was given to	Emma Langford In October 2021, it was announced that Langford has been included on the longlist for the 64th Annual Grammy Awards in two categories; Album of the Year and Song of the Year. King's Disease II The album received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards. A Holly Dolly Christmas A Holly Dolly Christmas was nominated for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards. Steve Fallone Steve Fallone is a New York-based mastering engineer. He won at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards for his work on Love For Sale. Laura Sullivan (composer) Laura Sullivan is an American composer, arranger, pianist, producer, author, and a New-age, World, Spoken Word, Native American, and Pop music artist. She has worked with leading musicians of the industry and Grammy award winners including Eric Sullivan, Nancy Rumbel, Jeff Oster, Eugene Friesen, and Will Ackerman. She is best known for her album, Love's River, which won the Grammy Award for Best New Age Album in the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. Love’s River was recognized as one of the best commercial productions by Will Ackerman after 2009. Sullivan's album Pieces of Forever was nominated for Best New Age Album in the 64th Annual Grammy Awards. 36th Annual Grammy Awards The 36th Annual Grammy Awards were held on March 1, 1994. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. Whitney Houston was the Big Winner winning 3 awards including Record of the Year and Album of the Year while opening the show with I Will Always Love You. 29th Annual Grammy Awards Paul Simon won Album of the Year for Graceland, and Burt Bacharach and Carole Bayer Sager won Song of the Year for That's What Friends Are For. Call It Art The album was nominated for 2014 Grammy Awards in the Best Album Notes and Best Historical Album categories. Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim At the 10th Annual Grammy Awards in 1968, Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, but lost to the Beatles Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Sinatra had won the previous two Grammy awards for album of the year, in 1967 and 1966. Liner notes A Grammy Award for Best Album Notes has been given annually since the 6th Annual Grammy Awards, May 12, 1964.	Jon Batiste was awarded the best album of the year in 64th Annual Grammy Awards	open_qa
What are the top attractions to visit in Cancun?	Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Cozumel Carnival Cozumel Carnival (Spanish: Carnaval de Cozumel) is one of the top carnivals in Mexico. It is held within the Corridor Riviera Maya - Cozumel - Cancun. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. The Real Cancun (original soundtrack) The Real Cancun is an original soundtrack for 2003 American reality film The Real Cancun, released by Thrive on May 13, 2003. The album consists of such popular names as Simple Plan, Trick Daddy and the Kottonmouth Kings among others. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Brainstorming According to a meta-analysis comparing EBS to face-to-face brainstorming conducted by DeRosa and colleagues, EBS has been found to enhance both the production of non-redundant ideas and the quality of ideas produced. Despite the advantages demonstrated by EBS groups, EBS group members reported less satisfaction with the brainstorming process compared to face-to-face brainstorming group members. Computer supported brainstorming In computer supported brainstorming, team members contribute their ideas through electronic means either synchronously or asynchronously. The brainstorming software selected by the team mediates the individual interactions and helps to organize and shape the products of the brainstorming session. Computer supported brainstorming can be implemented using a wide variety of electronic technologies.	Cancun is divided into two areas. Downtown, also known as Ciudad Cancun — and Cancun Island, also known as The Hotel Zone or “Zona Hotelera”. The Hotel Zone is the primary tourist area, synonymous with resorts, catamarans, wild nightlife and beaches. It’s a 15-mile strip of sand shaped like the number seven. This is where most people stay. As the name implies, there are tons of hotels as well as most of the nightlife and beaches. Restaurants and bars line the only road, Kulkukan Boulevard, which runs from one side of the Hotel Zone to the other. Apart from the Hotel Zone, the other visiting places are: 1. Any of the All inclusive resorts like XCaret, Hotel Ziva and Grand Sirenis etc. 2. Visit Downtown Cancun to explore local culture and delicious street food 3. Snorkeling or Paragliding near Cancun 4. Exploring amazing Cenotes- Cenotes are natural sinkholes filled with water formed in limestone caves 5. Explore Chichen Itza Maya Ruins - Chichen Itza Maya Ruins are amazing ancient pyramids dates back to 5th century. 6. Day Trip to Isla Mujeres - Isla Mujeres, which translates to “The Island of Women”, gets its name from the temple of Ixchel, the Maya goddess of fertility. This small island is only 20 minutes from Cancun by ferry from Hotel Zone.Isla Mujeres offers stunning views thanks to its rocky coast and gorgeous bays. It is also the first spot where you can see the sunrise in Mexico. This sleepy fishing village offers a well-deserved pause from the crazy nightlife of Cancun	brainstorming
Give me a list of the most recent Men's Indian Cricket Team captains in ODIs	Indian cricket team in England in 1979 The Indian team was captained by Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan and included notable players such as Sunil Gavaskar, Gundappa Viswanath, Dilip Vengsarkar, Bhagwat Chandrasekhar and Kapil Dev. West Indian cricket team in England in 1988 The West Indian cricket team played 16 first-class cricket matches in England in 1988, under the captaincy of Viv Richards. They enjoyed considerable success during the tour, while England endured a disastrous summer of continuous change. Brothers Union cricket team The List A captains have been Suhrawadi Shuvo in 2013–14, Nazimuddin in 2014–15, Tushar Imran in 2015-16 and Alok Kapali in 2016-17 and 2017–18. Mobile Premier League In November 2020 MPL Sports, a merchandise brand which is a part of MPL became the official kit sponsor of the Indian Men's Cricket Team, Indian Women's Cricket Team, and Indian Under-19 Cricket Team till 2023. The deal also gives the company the rights to sell official Team India merchandise. Mumbai cricket team The team is known for its batting and spin bowling and has produced many of the Indian cricket team's top batsmen over the years. Players who have appeared in the national team include: Captain (sports) The team captain, in some sports, is selected by the team coach, who may consider factors ranging from playing ability to leadership to serving as a good moral example to the team. Coaches may also choose to change team captains from time to time, or to have a rotation of team captains. Rohit Sharma Rohit Gurunath Sharma (born 30 April 1987) is an Indian international cricketer and the current captain of the Indian cricket team. Widely considered as one of the best opening batter of all time, he plays as a right-handed batsman for Mumbai Indians in IPL and for Mumbai in domestic cricket. Rohit Sharma also captains Mumbai Indians in IPL and the team has won 5 tittles under his leadership, most by any team. West Indian cricket team in India in 2011–12 The West Indies cricket team toured India from 6 November to 11 December 2011. The tour consisted of three Test matches and five One Day Internationals (ODIs). On day three of the First Test, Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar became the first cricketer to pass 15,000 runs in Test cricket. Sourav Ganguly Sourav Chandidas Ganguly (; natively spelled as Gangopadhyay; born 8 July 1972), affectionately known as Dada (meaning elder brother in Bengali), is an Indian cricket administrator, commentator and former national cricket team captain who served as the 35th President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). He is popularly called as Maharaja of Indian Cricket. During his playing career, Ganguly established himself as one of the world's leading batsmen and also one of the most successful captains of the Indian national cricket team. While batting, he was especially prolific through the off side, earning himself the nickname God of the Off Side for his elegant stroke play square of the wicket and through the covers. Indian cricket team in England in 1971 The Indian team was captained by Ajit Wadekar. Besides Wadekar and Chandrasekhar, the team included other notable players in Dilip Sardesai, Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan, Gundappa Viswanath, Bishan Singh Bedi and the young Sunil Gavaskar. Farokh Engineer, who had a contract with Lancashire, was made available for the Tests and a few other matches.	- Hardik Pandya - KL Rahul - Shikhar Dhawan - Rohit Sharma - Ajinkya Rahane - Virat Kohli - Gautam Ganbhir - Suresh Raina - MS Dhoni	brainstorming
What are the starting Pokemon in Pokemon Red and Blue?	Charizard IGN editor Pokémon of the Day Chick called Charizard certainly the most popular and perhaps the most well-balanced of any of the current starting Pokemon. GamesRadars Brett Elston described Charizard as hands-down one of the coolest Pokémon out there, heavily praising its character design and calling it one of the coolest designs of the entire series. GamesRadar editor Raymond Padilla stated Charizard was an awesome Pokemon back in the day and still an excellent choice more than a decade after it was introduced. UGO.com described Charizard as a winged, dragon-like creature which is able to breathe fire and smash opponents into red-tinged goo, but states that in Brawl, it is as slow as Bowser and lacks the coolness factor of Mario's arch-nemesis. Ben Skipper of the International Business Times praised the designs of Charizard, and calling it a great design, but not good as Blastoise. Charizard was ranked 19th in Complexs The 50 Best Pokemon Up to Pokemon Crystal, with Elijah Watson saying that Charizard is one of the best out there. IGN readers voted Charizard as one of the best pocket monster, receiving 86.3% of win percentage. Lillie (Pokémon) Lillie appears in the Pokemon anime, as a companion of Ash Ketchum and a student of the Pokemon School. Lillie first appeared in 's episode Alola to New Adventure! as well as many subsequent episodes in the series. In the anime, she has a fear of Pokemon, but slowly grows to become used to them. She partners with an Alolan Vulpix nicknamed Snowy, which hatched from a Pokemon egg, as her main Pokemon companion. She also appears in the second episode of Pokémon Evolutions, which recounts the events that took place at the Altar on Poni Island as they are depicted in the Ultra games. Kiryū, Gunma Unofficial sources state that in the Pokemon franchise, Route 3 in the Kanto Region was modeled after Kiryū. Godzilla in popular culture The Pokémon series features Tyranitar, a Pokémon directly influenced by Godzilla. Its powered-up form, Mega Tyranitar, bears an even greater resemblance to the King of Monsters, with similar body proportions. In addition, the Pokemon Baxcalibur evolves from Frigibax at Level 54, unlike other pseudo-legendary Pokemon, as it is a reference to how the first Godzilla movie came out in 1954. Bulbasaur Bulbasaur made its video game debut on February 27, 1996, in the Japanese-language games Pocket Monsters Red and Green. Along with Charmander and Squirtle, Bulbasaur is a starter Pokémon the player can choose from at the beginning of the games. Bulbasaur's dual typing of Grass and Poison type is in contrast to Charmander's Fire type and Squirtle's Water type. Bulbasaur is the only starter in Red, Blue, and Green that has a dual typing. Bulbasaur and the other starters from Red and Blue are replaced by Pikachu in Pokémon Yellow, the only starter available in it. Instead, they are obtained throughout the game from several NPCs. In Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen, remakes of Red and Blue, Bulbasaur is selectable as a starter Pokémon once again, along with Charmander and Squirtle. In Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver, after obtaining all sixteen badges and defeating Red, the player can choose to obtain either Bulbasaur, Charmander, or Squirtle. You can also find them in the Pal Park field in Pokemon Diamond and Pearl, Pokemon Platinum and Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver. In Pokémon X and Y, players can also choose between Bulbasaur, Charmander, and Squirtle near the start of the game shortly after having chosen the games' new starter Pokémon. In , you can find one in the Master Dojo. Jigglypuff Jigglypuff first appears as one of the 151 species of Pokémon in the Pokémon Red and Blue Versions. When a Jigglypuff is exposed to a Moon Stone, it evolves into Wigglytuff. In Pokémon Gold and Silver, a pre-evolution, Igglybuff, was introduced, which evolves when it reaches a certain point of happiness. It later appeared in several sequels, including Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire, Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen, Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, and Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver. Since Pokémon X and Y, it is a dual Normal/Fairy type. A Paradox Pokemon heavily resembling Jigglypuff, named Scream Tail, appears in Pokémon Scarlet and Violet. Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow The games are widely credited with starting and helping pave the way for the successful multibillion-dollar series. Five years after Red and Blue's initial release, Nintendo celebrated its Pokémonniversary. George Harrison, the senior vice president of marketing and corporate communications of Nintendo of America, stated that those precious gems [Pokémon Red and Blue] have evolved into Ruby and Sapphire. The release of Pokémon Pinball kicks off a line of great new Pokémon adventures that will be introduced in the coming months. The series has since sold over 300 million games, all accredited to the enormous success of the original Red and Blue versions. Symbols of the Department of Magdalena The colors of the flag, red and blue, have different meanings, one of these is that red is for the blood spilled by the patriots throughout its history in the pursuit of freedom, and blue for the waters that surrounds it. Red and blue also represent integrity and firmness of the Magdaleniense’s soul. Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow As the finished Red and Blue versions were being prepared for release, Nintendo allegedly spent over 50 million dollars to promote the games, fearing the series would not be appealing to American children. The western localization team warned that the cute monsters may not be accepted by American audiences, and instead recommended they be redesigned and beefed-up. Then-president of Nintendo Hiroshi Yamauchi refused and instead viewed the games' possible reception in America as a challenge to face. Despite these setbacks, the reprogrammed Red and Blue versions with their original creature designs were eventually released in North America on September 28, 1998, over two and a half years after Red and Green debuted in Japan. The games were received extremely well by the foreign audiences and Pokémon went on to become a lucrative franchise in America. The same versions were later released in Australia sometime later in 1998 and in Europe on October 5, 1999 being the second-to-last video game released for the original Game Boy in Europe with Pokemon Yellow Version: Special Pikachu Edition being the last. A.S.D. Campobasso 1919 The official home colours are red and blue. The home kit usually features red and blue stripes. The official away colours are white, red and blue. Their kit manufacturer is the Italian sportswear supplier Erreà.	The grass type Pokemon Bulbasaur, the water type Pokemon Squirtle, and the fire type Pokemon Charmander.	general_qa
Classify the eight planets of Earth's solar system as rocky or gaseous, according to their primary composition.	Planetary series Weinbaum's Solar System corresponds to the scientific Solar System as envisioned in the mid-1930s, with details supplied from Weinbaum's imagination. By 1934, the Solar System was known to consist of the Sun, nine planets, 26 moons, and a few thousand asteroids and comets. Unlike the Solar System as known today, Weinbaum's Solar System was full of life-forms, many of them intelligent; however, only the humans of Earth possessed the capacity for spaceflight (though there is evidence the Martians may have had it in the past). Weinbaum limited himself to planets and moons as settings, naming the following: Carl Sagan Institute Institute scientists have catalogued the spectral emissions and albedo of Solar System objects, including all eight planets, nine moons, and two dwarf planets. They have also modeled Earth's atmosphere throughout geological history. Exoplanets with similar conditions to early Earth are considered candidates for emerging life forms. Solar System Compared to many extrasolar systems, the Solar System stands out in lacking planets interior to the orbit of Mercury. The known Solar System also lacks super-Earths, planets between one and ten times as massive as the Earth, although the hypothetical Planet Nine, if it does exist, could be a super-Earth beyond the Solar System as we understand it today. Uncommonly, it has only small rocky planets and large gas giants; elsewhere planets of intermediate size are typical—both rocky and gas—so there is no gap as seen between the size of Earth and of Neptune (with a radius 3.8 times as large). As many of these super-Earths are closer to their respective stars than Mercury is to the sun, a hypothesis has arisen that all planetary systems start with many close-in planets, and that typically a sequence of their collisions causes consolidation of mass into few larger planets, but in case of the Solar System the collisions caused their destruction and ejection. Planet According to the IAU definition, there are eight planets in the Solar System, which are (in increasing distance from the Sun): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Jupiter is the largest, at 318 Earth masses, whereas Mercury is the smallest, at 0.055 Earth masses. Nu2 Lupi With a minimum mass of about 5 Earth masses, the innermost planet falls into the regime of Super-Earths, and was confirmed to be mostly rocky with density 7.8 g/cm in 2020. Outer planets straddle the commonly accepted upper limit between Super-Earths and Neptunes at , so it could be either predominantly rocky or gaseous. The middle planet Nu2 Lupi c with density 3.5 g/cm is expected to have a large gaseous envelope. All three planets orbit within 0.5 AU and are likely too hot to maintain liquid water. Chemical element The abundance of the chemical elements on Earth varies from air to crust to ocean, and in various types of life. The abundance of elements in Earth's crust differs from that in the Solar System (as seen in the Sun and heavy planets like Jupiter) mainly in selective loss of the very lightest elements (hydrogen and helium) and also volatile neon, carbon (as hydrocarbons), nitrogen and sulfur, as a result of solar heating in the early formation of the solar system. Oxygen, the most abundant Earth element by mass, is retained on Earth by combination with silicon. Aluminum at 8% by mass is more common in the Earth's crust than in the universe and solar system, but the composition of the far more bulky mantle, which has magnesium and iron in place of aluminum (which occurs there only at 2% of mass) more closely mirrors the elemental composition of the solar system, save for the noted loss of volatile elements to space, and loss of iron which has migrated to the Earth's core. Exoplanet interiors However, there are types of planets that are not seen in the Solar System, such as low-density hot Jupiters, which are hotter and larger than the Solar System's gas giants. Observers have also found many super-Earths or sub-Neptunes, i.e. planets with a radius between that of Earth and Neptune, whose radius is 4 times that of Earth. The existence of planet types not represented in the Solar System suggests the existence of planetary interiors that are likewise not represented in the Solar System. Some proposed interior types include tiny cores, massive mantles, and an ocean surface with no continents: or, a massive core and mantle, or perhaps there can be planets with an ice layer between its mantle and surface, both above a core. Orbiter (simulator) The Solar System as presented in Orbiter consists of the Sun, the eight planets and their major moons. Many dwarf planets, asteroids (except Vesta), and comets not included in the simulator are available as add-ons. Although Orbiter contains a database of over 100,000 stars, these are for display purposes only and interstellar travel is currently not possible in the simulator. The simulator also includes a planetarium mode that allows ecliptic and celestial grids to be overlaid onto the star map, along with labels of the constellations and other celestial markers. The planetarium mode can also display labels indicating the location and identity of objects in the Solar System, such as planets, moons, or vessels, that appear within a certain proximity based on their type. This mode can also display labels on the celestial bodies in the Solar System at certain coordinates on their surface for indicating cities, historical markers, geological formations, and other interesting sites. Super-Earth The Solar System contains no known super-Earths, because Earth is the largest terrestrial planet in the Solar System, and all larger planets have both at least 14 times the mass of Earth and thick gaseous atmospheres without well-defined rocky or watery surfaces; that is, they are either gas giants or ice giants, not terrestrial planets. In January 2016, the existence of a hypothetical super-Earth ninth planet in the Solar System, referred to as Planet Nine, was proposed as an explanation for the orbital behavior of six trans-Neptunian objects, but it is speculated to also be an ice giant like Uranus or Neptune. A refined model in 2019 constrains it to around 5 Earth masses; planets of this mass are probably mini-Neptunes. Wonders of the Solar System The first episode illustrates how the formation and behaviour of the Sun affects each planet in the Solar System. During this episode, Cox visits India to view and explain the workings of a total solar eclipse and the partial eclipses that occur on other planets. He travels to the Iguazu Falls to relate the causality between river levels, and sunspot fluctuations. An explanation of the Earth's exposure to the power of the Sun occurs in Death Valley, California, US, with an experiment inspired by John Herschel's actinometer. He also travels to Norway to observe and explain the defensive role of the Earth's magnetosphere against the Sun's solar wind and its role in forming the Aurora Borealis. Cox then relates the Voyager missions and their continuing exploration of the massive reach of the Sun's gravitational forces on objects in the farthest regions of the Solar System. Finally, in the clear skies of the Atacama Desert, at the Paranal Observatory he is able to observe, with the naked eye, the myriad of stars on the Milky Way and relates the meaning of their diverse colours as mapped on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.	Mercury - rocky Veuns - rocky Earth - rocky Mars - rocky Jupiter - gaseous Saturn - gaseous Uranus - gaseous Neptune - gaseous	classification
How reliable is public transportation?	DART First State DART was awarded the prestigious Public Transportation System Outstanding Achievement Award by the American Public Transportation Association in 2003. American Public Transportation Association APTA's advocacy, outreach and education campaign titled Where Public Transportation Goes, Community Grows was designed to promote benefits of public transportation by highlighting the industry's impact on economic development, sustainability and improving a higher quality of life in communities. Public transport Public transportation also provides an arena to test environmentally friendly fuel alternatives, such as hydrogen-powered vehicles. Swapping out materials to create lighter public transportation vehicles with the same or better performance will increase environmental friendliness of public transportation vehicles while maintaining current standards or improving them. Informing the public about the positive environmental effects of using public transportation in addition to pointing out the potential economic benefit is an important first step towards making a difference. Individual action on climate change Reliable public transportation is one of the most viable alternatives to driving personal vehicles. While there are efficiency problems associated with public transportation (waiting times, missed transfers, unreliable schedules, energy consumption), they can be improved as funding and public interest increases and technology advances. A case study from Auckland, New Zealand found that the global warming potential (GWP) of a bus system decreased by 5.6% when a system used increased efficiency methods compared to a system with no controls implemented. Goiânia Due to this lack of planning and reliable public transportation, Goiânia is the metropolis with the highest number of cars per capita in the country; there are 1,000,000 registered motor vehicles in the city. The many vehicles on the roads cause major congestion during peak times. History of Bay Area Rapid Transit In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. Vineyard Haven, Massachusetts The most reliable source of public transportation from Vineyard Haven to the rest of the island is the Martha's Vineyard Regional Transit Authority (VTA). Almost all of the buses stop at the Vineyard Haven Steamship Authority bus terminal and it is the most used in the summer time and year-round. The VTA is the only Island-wide public transportation system on Martha's Vineyard, which makes it the best choice for traveling around the Vineyard for tourists who do not have cars and do not want to pay for a taxi. Public transportation benefit area A public transportation benefit area, abbreviated as PTBA, is a type of public-benefit corporation for public transit operators in the U.S. state of Washington. Public transportation in the United States Public transportation in the United States refers to publicly financed mass transit services across the nation. This includes various forms of bus, rail, ferry, and sometimes, airline services. Most established public transit systems are located in central, urban areas where there is enough density and public demand to require public transportation. In more auto-centric suburban localities, public transit is normally, but not always, less frequent and less common. Most public transit services in the United States are either national, regional/commuter, or local, depending on the type of service. Furthermore, sometimes public transportation in the United States is an umbrella term used synonymously with alternative transportation, meaning any form of mobility that excludes driving alone by automobile. This can sometimes include carpooling, vanpooling, on-demand mobility (i.e. Uber, Lyft, Bird, Lime), infrastructure that is fixated toward bicycles (i.e. bike lanes, sharrows, cycle tracks, and bike trails), and paratransit service. Transport divide Public transportation in transport-deprived areas can improve mobility, economic opportunity, reduce household costs, and generally improve communities. Some scholars argue that investing more in public transportation only helps those who are transport disadvantaged if public transportation is targeted at specific groups and provides flexible services.Transportation is essential to the livelihood of all people; everyone needs transportation. It is a universal issue that policymakers may be able to find common ground on should it become a larger issue.	Reliability of public transportation varies drastically depending on which city you are in and depends on investment and maintenance of existing infrastructure. For example, the public transportation network in Switzerland spans a wide network that comprises of trains, trams, busses, and ferries, runs timely on a schedule to the minute, and is used as a primary mode of transportation for many residents. In contrast, it can be challenging to get around many cities in the United States without a car. Public transportation ridership often depends on reliability, which in turn often determines the availability of investments in the required infrastructure. This creates an unfortunate cycle making it very difficult for public transportation to become more reliable without external investments where the system is funding itself.	open_qa
What are some ways to inculcate practice based learning in kids?	Jessica Valenti In 2012, Valenti published Why Have Kids? A New Mom Explores the Truth About Parenting and Happiness. Why Have Kids? Why Have Kids?: A New Mom Explores the Truth About Parenting and Happiness is a 2012 book by feminist writer Jessica Valenti. Already the author of four books, Valenti wrote the book during her first year of motherhood, after giving birth to her first child via C-section three months before her due date. The book discusses motherhood from Valenti's third-wave feminist perspective, diving into gender roles and increased individualism in parenting. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Webist Nan Tian, Yue Xu, Yuefeng Li, Ahmad Abdel-Hafez and Audun Josang. Product Feature Taxonomy Learning based on User Reviews Westbrook Van Voorhis One of his last appearances was in a circa-1966 series of TV commercials for Quaker Life Cereal, where he moderated the great Quaker Life debate...is it for adults or kids?. He ended each commercial with his stentorian voice proclaiming Quaker Life. It must be for everybody! Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry.	Learning by doing is one of the best ways a kid can learn a concept. One way to do this is by using STEM based home kits that complement what a kid learns at school. For every concept the kid learns at school they should be exposed to application of the concept in the real world. Additionally, modern technology like virtual reality and augmented reality can fill the gap to an extent. Using Virtual Reality kids can see and visit places such as factories, landmarks which are hard to visit. Using Augmented Reality kids can see things right in from of them and can interact deeply with the 3D object closely. the learning curriculum must be comprehensive and emphasize experiential learning.	brainstorming
Which is a species of fish? Nurse or Nurse shark	Tawny nurse shark The tawny nurse shark (Nebrius ferrugineus) is a species of carpet shark in the family Ginglymostomatidae, and the only extant member of the genus Nebrius. Short-tail nurse shark The short-tail nurse shark (Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum) is a nurse shark in the family Ginglymostomatidae, the only member of the genus Pseudoginglymostoma. It is found in the tropical western Indian Ocean between latitudes 0° and 27° S, and reaches a length of 75 cm. Tawny nurse shark Compared to the nurse shark, the tawny nurse shark has a more placid disposition and will often allow divers to touch and play with it. However, it should be accorded respect due to its powerful jaws and sharp teeth. This species is caught by commercial fisheries across most of its range for meat, fins, liver oil, leather, and fishmeal. It is also esteemed as a game fish off Queensland, Australia, and is known for its habit of spitting water in the faces of its captors. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the tawny nurse shark as Vulnerable, with subpopulations in several areas already diminished or extirpated. Tawny nurse shark The tawny nurse shark has few natural predators; attacks on this species have been reported from bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) and great hammerheads (Sphyrna mokarran), while the related nurse shark has been known to fall prey to tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris). Known parasites of this species include five species of tapeworms in the genus Pedibothrium, which infest the shark's spiral intestine. Tawny nurse shark It is found widely along coastlines in the Indo-Pacific, preferring reefs, sandy flats, and seagrass beds from very shallow water to a depth of . With a cylindrical body and a broad, flattened head, the tawny nurse shark is quite similar in appearance to the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) of the Atlantic and East Pacific, from which it can be distinguished by its pointed-tipped dorsal fins and narrow, sickle-shaped pectoral fins. The maximum recorded length of the tawny nurse shark is . Pacific nurse shark Ginglymostoma unami, also known as the Pacific nurse shark is a nurse sharks of the family Ginglymostomatidae. It is found in southeastern coast of Baja California, Mexico to Costa Rica including Gulf of California. It is 2.8 meters long. This species differs from Ginglymostoma cirratum between posterior end of the second dorsal fin and the beginning of the caudal lobe, both being shorter; the new species also differs by the position of the insertion of the first dorsal fin with regard to the pelvic fins and in the form and number of keels on the dermal denticles and teeth morphology. Nurse shark Nurse sharks are an important species for shark research. They are robust and able to tolerate capture, handling, and tagging extremely well. As inoffensive as nurse sharks may appear, they are ranked fourth in documented shark bites on humans, likely due to incautious behavior by divers on account of the nurse shark's calm, sedentary nature. Ginglymostomatidae The largest species, called simply the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum, may reach a length of ; the tawny nurse shark Nebrius ferrugineus is somewhat smaller at , and the short-tail nurse shark Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum is by far the smallest at just in length. The first of the three species may reach a weight of 110 kg. Yellowish to dark brown in colour, nurse sharks have muscular pectoral fins, two spineless dorsal fins (the second of which is smaller) in line with the pelvic and anal fins, and a tail exceeding one quarter the shark's body length. Nurse shark American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) and American crocodiles may occasionally prey on nurse sharks in some coastal habitats. Photographic evidence and historical accounts suggest that encounters between species are commonplace in their shared habitats. Nurse shark The nurse shark genus Ginglymostoma is derived from Greek language meaning hinged mouth, whereas the species cirratum is derived from Latin meaning having curled ringlets. Based on morphological similarities, Ginglymostoma is believed to be the sister genus of Nebrius, with both being placed in a clade that also include species Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum, Rhincodon typus, and Stegostoma fasciatum.	Nurse shark	classification
Who invented the radio?	Invention of radio The invention of radio communication was preceded by many decades of establishing theoretical underpinnings, discovery and experimental investigation of radio waves, and engineering and technical developments related to their transmission and detection. These developments allowed Guglielmo Marconi to turn radio waves into a wireless communication system. Radio receiver The first person to use radio waves for communication was Guglielmo Marconi. Marconi invented little himself, but he was first to believe that radio could be a practical communication medium, and singlehandedly developed the first wireless telegraphy systems, transmitters and receivers, beginning in 1894–5, mainly by improving technology invented by others. History of radio In 1894, the young Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi began working on the idea of building long-distance wireless transmission systems based on the use of Hertzian waves (radio waves), a line of inquiry that he noted other inventors did not seem to be pursuing. Marconi read through the literature and used the ideas of others who were experimenting with radio waves but did a great deal to develop devices such as portable transmitters and receiver systems that could work over long distances, turning what was essentially a laboratory experiment into a useful communication system. By August 1895, Marconi was field testing his system but even with improvements he was only able to transmit signals up to one-half mile, a distance Oliver Lodge had predicted in 1894 as the maximum transmission distance for radio waves. Marconi raised the height of his antenna and hit upon the idea of grounding his transmitter and receiver. With these improvements the system was capable of transmitting signals up to and over hills. Marconi's experimental apparatus proved to be the first engineering-complete, commercially successful radio transmission system. Marconi's apparatus is also credited with saving the 700 people who survived the tragic Titanic disaster. History of electrical engineering During the development of radio, many scientists and inventors contributed to radio technology and electronics. In his classic UHF experiments of 1888, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the existence of electromagnetic waves (radio waves) leading many inventors and scientists to try to adapt them to commercial applications, such as Guglielmo Marconi (1895) and Alexander Popov (1896). Crystal detector Guglielmo Marconi developed the first practical wireless telegraphy transmitters and receivers in 1896, and radio began to be used for communication around 1899. The coherer was used as detector for the first 10 years, until around 1906. During the wireless telegraphy era prior to 1920, there was virtually no broadcasting; radio served as a point-to-point text messaging service. Until the triode vacuum tube began to be used around World War I, radio receivers had no amplification and were powered only by the radio waves picked up by their antennae. Long distance radio communication depended on high power transmitters (up to 1 MW), huge wire antennas, and a receiver with a sensitive detector. Wireless telegraphy Radiotelegraphy was the first means of radio communication. The first practical radio transmitters and receivers invented in 1894–1895 by Guglielmo Marconi used radiotelegraphy. It continued to be the only type of radio transmission during the first few decades of radio, called the wireless telegraphy era up until World War I, when the development of amplitude modulation (AM) radiotelephony allowed sound (audio) to be transmitted by radio. Beginning about 1908, powerful transoceanic radiotelegraphy stations transmitted commercial telegram traffic between countries at rates up to 200 words per minute. Radio wave Radio waves are generated artificially by an electronic device called a transmitter, which is connected to an antenna which radiates the waves. They are received by another antenna connected to a radio receiver, which processes the received signal. Radio waves are very widely used in modern technology for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and radio navigation systems, communications satellites, wireless computer networks and many other applications. Different frequencies of radio waves have different propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves can diffract around obstacles like mountains and follow the contour of the earth (ground waves), shorter waves can reflect off the ionosphere and return to earth beyond the horizon (skywaves), while much shorter wavelengths bend or diffract very little and travel on a line of sight, so their propagation distances are limited to the visual horizon. Archie Frederick Collins An unusual example were his experiments in using brain tissue to detect radio waves. The first radio receivers prior to 1904 used a primitive device called a coherer to detect the radio waves. The poor performance of the coherer led to much research to find a better radio wave detector. Collins was intrigued by reports of people predicting weather by aches and pains in their body, and examples of lightning strikes, which were strong sources of radio waves, causing convulsions in nearby people who were not actually struck. Since the brain was known to operate electrically, Collins thought it might be sensitive to radio waves. He applied DC current from a battery to two electrodes in dissected animal brains, causing a small current through the tissue, as in a coherer. Then he radiated the brain with pulses of radio waves from a Hertzian spark radio transmitter, and listened with earphones to the circuit. If the radio waves caused changes in the conductivity of the neural tissue, it would cause transient changes in the current, which would be audible as clicks in the earphones. His research culminated in experiments on a fresh human brain from a cadaver. Collins claimed that the brain had a 'cohering' effect, its conductivity changed when irradiated. However other researchers were unable to reproduce the effect. Crystal detector During the first three decades of radio, from 1888 to 1918, called the wireless telegraphy or spark era, primitive radio transmitters called spark gap transmitters were used, which generated radio waves by an electric spark. These transmitters were unable to produce the continuous sinusoidal waves which are used to transmit audio (sound) in modern AM or FM radio transmission. Instead spark gap transmitters transmitted information by wireless telegraphy; the user turned the transmitter on and off rapidly by tapping on a telegraph key, producing pulses of radio waves which spelled out text messages in Morse code. Therefore, the radio receivers of this era did not have to demodulate the radio wave, extract an audio signal from it as modern receivers do, they merely had to detect the presence or absence of the radio waves, to make a sound in the earphone when the radio wave was present to represent the dots and dashes of Morse code. The device which did this was called a detector. The crystal detector was the most successful of many detector devices invented during this era. Seatooth In comparing wireless technologies subsea radio waves prefer shallow water and can cross the air/water/seabed boundaries easily. Subsea radio communication is generally limited to under through seawater. Subsea radio waves are unaffected by turbidity, salinity and pressure gradients and also has a notable difference between acoustic and optical technologies, in that radio waves can pass through the water-air and water-seabed boundaries easily. Subsea acoustics are efficient at long-range of up to and have relatively low power consumption for their range. Acoustic communication systems generally perform poorly in shallow water and complex environments and has a limited bandwidth. Subsea optical has an ultra-high bandwidth and a very short range. Subsea optical communication does not cross the water/air boundary and is susceptible to turbidity. Most underwater sensor networks choose acoustics as the medium for wireless transmission. Electromagnetic waves offer great merits for transmission in special underwater environments. Applications for subsea wireless sensor technologies can include subsea wireless sensor networks (WSN) for production monitoring, or oil and gas pipeline monitoring within a wireless linear sensor network (LSN).	The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi, which allowed the harnessing of radio waves into a wireless communication system. This invention did not happen in a vacuum. It was enabled by investigating radio waves and understanding how to detect and transmit them.	closed_qa
Which city are Stroopwafels from?	Stroopwafel After 1870 stroopwafels began to appear in other cities, and in the 20th century, factory-made stroopwafels were introduced. By 1960, there were 17 factories in Gouda alone, of which four are still open. Today, stroopwafels are sold at markets, by street vendors, and in supermarkets, and since 2016 United Airlines has been serving Daelmans Stroopwafels as a breakfast snack on its domestic flights. Stroopwafel According to Dutch culinary folklore, stroopwafels were first made in Gouda either during the late 18th century or the early 19th century by bakers repurposing scraps and crumbs by sweetening them with syrup. One story ascribes the invention of the stroopwafel to the baker Gerard Kamphuisen, which would date the first stroopwafels from somewhere between 1810, the year he opened his bakery, and 1840, the year of the oldest known recipe for syrup waffles. Stroopwafels were not found outside Gouda until 1870, by which point the city was home to around 100 syrup-waffle bakers. Amazing Stroopwafels The Amazing Stroopwafels have released 18 studio albums and 5 compilation albums, one live LP and three DVDs. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Amazing Stroopwafels The Amazing Stroopwafels is a Dutch band originating from Rotterdam. They started as a duo in 1979, performing as street musicians. During the election campaign period they performed often at street demonstrations for the SP, the Dutch socialist party. The group now consists of Wim Kerkhof (vocals, double bass and piano), Arie van der Graaf (electric guitar) and Rien de Bruin (acoustic guitar and accordion). They're one of the busiest-performing groups in the Netherlands with more than 6000 concerts in thirty years. The predominantly Dutch-language group also toured widely in Denmark. King Nan of Zhou King Nan of Zhou (Ji Yan; ?–256 BC), less commonly known as King Yin of Zhou, was the 37th and last king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty, the son of King Shenjing of Zhou and grandson of King Xian of Zhou. He was king from 314 BC until his death in 256 BC, a reign of fifty-nine years, the longest in the Zhou Dynasty and all of pre-imperial China. By the time of King Nan's reign, the kings of Zhou had lost almost all political and military power, as even their remaining crown land was split into two states or factions, led by rival feudal lords: West Zhou, where the capital Wangcheng was located, and East Zhou, centred at Chengzhou and Kung. Therefore, Nan lacked any personal territory and was effectively under the control of the local feudal lords, essentially relying on their charity.	Stroopwafels are a type of Dutch waffle-like cake made with ground or shredded wheat and a variety of fillings. They are most commonly found in the city of Haarlem, Netherlands.	open_qa
What is System Thinking	Thinkin' Things Thinkin' Things is a series of educational video games by the Edmark Corporation and released for Windows and Mac in the 1990s. Entries in the series include Thinkin' Things Collection 1 (Formerly Thinkin Things) (1993), Thinkin' Things Collection 2 (1994), Thinkin' Things Collection 3 (1995), the adventure game Thinkin' Things: Sky Island Mysteries (1998), Thinkin’ Things Galactic Brain Benders (1999), Thinkin' Things: All Around Frippletown (1999) and Thinkin' Things: Toony the Loon's Lagoon (1999). What Was I Thinkin' What Was I Thinkin' is Bentley's highest charting single on the Billboard Hot 100 as of 2022, peaking at number 22. It reached its peak position of number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts dated for the week ending September 27, 2003. The song succeeded Alan Jackson and Jimmy Buffett's duet It's Five O'Clock Somewhere at this peak. Deric Ruttan Ruttan has written and co-written songs for prominent country musicians including Dierks Bentley (What Was I Thinkin' and Lot of Leavin' Left to Do), Aaron Pritchett (Hold My Beer and My Way), Jason Aldean (Any Ol' Barstool), Eric Church (Guys Like Me and Hell on the Heart), and Blake Shelton (Mine Would Be You and Came Here to Forget). Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Grid-tied electrical system When batteries are used for storage, the system is called battery-to-grid (B2G), which includes vehicle-to-grid (V2G). ZFS (z/OS file system) z/OS File System (zFS) is a POSIX-style hierarchical file system for IBM's z/OS operating system for z System mainframes, a successor to that operating system's HFS. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. NetWare File System In computing, a NetWare File System (NWFS) is a file system based on a heavily modified version of FAT. It was used in the Novell NetWare operating system. It is the default and only file system for all volumes in versions 2.x through 4.x, and the default and only file system for the SYS volume continuing through version 5.x. Novell developed two varieties of NWFS: Atari System Atari System refers to two arcade system boards introduced in 1984 for use in various arcade games from Atari Games. Two versions of the board were released, Atari System 1 and Atari System 2.	Systems thinking is a way of making sense of complexity by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than splitting it into parts. It is based on the idea that all critical processes in an organization are interrelated and work together to achieve a common goal.	open_qa
What is the difference between a paint and a pinto?	C. A. Pinto Fonseca Carlos Alberto Pinto Fonseca (1933–2006) was a Brazilian musician. He was born in Belo Horizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais. Pinto horse A pinto differs from a Paint solely by breeding. Horses with pinto coloring and verifiable pedigrees tracing to Quarter Horses or Thoroughbreds have been named the American Paint Horse, and are recorded in a separate registry, the American Paint Horse Association. While a pinto may be of any breed or combination of breeds, and some registries for pintos may have additional restrictions (some do not register draft horses or mules, for example), a horse that is registered as an American Paint Horse must have at least one parent recorded with the APHA, and both parents must be only of registered American Quarter Horse, American Paint Horse, or Thoroughbred bloodlines. Therefore, most Paint horses may also be registered as pintos, but not all pintos are qualified to be registered as Paints. Equine coat color A pinto has large patches of white over any other underlying coat color. Sometimes called Paint in the western United States, a word that which technically refers to the American Paint Horse, a specific breed of mostly pinto horses with known Quarter Horse and/or Thoroughbred bloodlines. Other regional terms for certain pinto spotting patterns include blagdon in the UK. Pinto spotting is produced by a large number of genetic mechanisms, with dozens now mapped and identifiable through DNA testing. Pinto horse A pinto horse has a coat color that consists of large patches of white and any other color. The distinction between pinto and solid can be tenuous, as so-called solid horses frequently have areas of white hair. Various cultures throughout history appear to have selectively bred for pinto patterns. Pinto horse Thus, while referring to a horse with a nonleopard spot pattern as a pinto is always correct, a spotted horse should only be called a Paint if its ancestry is known or if it displays conformation that is clearly akin to that of an American Quarter Horse. A leopard-spotted horse is usually called an Appaloosa, whether it is a registered Appaloosa or not. However, paint or painted was also an archaic word used by 19th-century writers for assorted spotted horses bred by various Plains Indian tribes, thus is occasionally used in this context when describing all types of spotted mustangs. Skewbald In British equestrian use, skewbald and piebald (black-and-white) are together known as coloured, and the white markings are called patches. In North American equestrian usage, the term for all large-spotted colouring is pinto, and the markings are called spots, The specialized term paint refers specifically to a breed of horse with American Quarter Horse or Thoroughbred bloodlines in addition to being spotted, whereas pinto refers to a spotted horse of any breed. Americans usually describe the colouration of a pinto literally: black-and-white, chestnut-and-white, or bay-and-white. American Paint Horse The terms paint and pinto are sometimes both used to describe paint horses. But Paint horses are the breed and Pinto is actually the coloring of the horse Surfactants in paint Paint has four major components: pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. Pigments serve to give paint its color, texture, toughness, as well as determining if a paint is opaque or not. Common white pigments include titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Binders are the film forming component of a paint as it dries and affects the durability, gloss, and flexibility of the coating. Polyurethanes, polyesters, and acrylics are all examples of common binders. The solvent is the medium in which all other components of the paint are dissolved and evaporates away as the paint dries and cures. The solvent also modifies the curing rate and viscosity of the paint in its liquid state. There are two types of paint: solvent-borne and water-borne paints. Solvent-borne paints use organic solvents as the primary vehicle carrying the solid components in a paint formulation, whereas water-borne paints use water as the continuous medium. The additives that are incorporated into paints are a wide range of things which impart important effects on the properties of the paint and the final coating. Common paint additives are catalysts, thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, texturizers, biocides to fight bacterial growth, etc. Pinto horse A number of words describe the various color and spotting patterns of pinto horses. Essentially, a pinto horse is genetically created when an allele for a spotting pattern is present. The genes that create the underlying base coat color are not related to the genes that create white spotting. The precise mechanisms that create spotting are not all fully understood, but those that are known often have human parallels, such as piebaldism. What horse terminology describes as pinto or coloured has been called leucism or partial albinism by pigment researchers. Common terms for describing different types of pinto horses include: Jylian Gustlin The disorder can take multiple forms and visually change the experience of the change. An artist can squeeze paint from a tube, and it forms a spot on the canvas. If a brush is run through the paint, the paint spreads and is intense in color in some places on the canvas and minimized on in other places. When water is added to the paint, the paint expands across the canvas and becomes lighter in color. With all of the uses of the paint, the paint can never be returned to the original system—the tube. All aspects have changed the paint into a disordered or changed system.	A paint horse is a breed called the "American Paint Horse" with bloodlines from registered Quarter Horses, Thoroughbreds or Arabian horses with bold two-color markings and a pinto is a loose term used to describe any horse with bold white markings on its coat but can be any breed.	open_qa
Which is more important, Nature or Nurture?	Nature Nurture Nature Nurture has received mostly positive. Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, gave the album an average score of 68, which indicates generally positive reviews. Nature versus nurture Nature versus nurture is a long-standing debate in biology and society about the balance between two competing factors which determine fate: genetics (nature) and environment (nurture). The alliterative expression nature and nurture in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French. Le Roman de Silence Nature and Nurture appear as two allegorical characters fighting for the mind and body of Silence. Nurture urges Silence to continue life as a man, addressing her as Silencius, while Nature tells her to pursue her true identity as a woman, addressing her as Scilencia. Nature versus nurture The strong dichotomy of nature versus nurture has thus been claimed to have limited relevance in some fields of research. Close feedback loops have been found in which nature and nurture influence one another constantly, as seen in self-domestication. In ecology and behavioral genetics, researchers think nurture has an essential influence on nature. Similarly in other fields, the dividing line between an inherited and an acquired trait becomes unclear, as in epigenetics or fetal development. Le Roman de Silence Nature and nurture were portrayed as comical, personified characters who act as part of Silence's conscience. They showed up around the time when Silence was twelve and at odds with her identity. Nature scolded Silence for conducting herself like a man and ruining the special mold that she used for Silence, almost convincing Silence to reveal her true sex. After Nurture arrived, she successfully undid Nature's arguments and, using reason, managed to return Silence to her former way of thinking. After thinking about women's pastimes, Silence saw how much more freedom men had. It would be a waste to throw away his high position just to become a wife in someone's bed( a sentiment which becomes ironic in Silence's returning to womanhood and becoming the wife of the king). Though Nature and Nurture both played a part in how exceptional Silence was, it was Nurture who made him see how much better it was for him to pose as a man. But regardless of Silence's new certainty of gender through the arguments of Nurture, he is never able to fully immerse himself in manhood because of the permanent physical attributes bestowed by Nature, which cannot be undone by Nurture. Society at the time defined gender in regards to aspects of biological sex- genitalia and the ability to reproduce- as well as aspects of behavior- clothing, and daily activities. Though, because the former could not be known to anyone but Silence, they directly affected no one but him. Developmental psychology A significant debate in developmental psychology is the relationship between innateness and environmental influence in regard to any particular aspect of development. This is often referred to as nature and nurture or nativism versus empiricism. A nativist account of development would argue that the processes in question are innate, that is, they are specified by the organism's genes. What makes a person who they are? Is it their environment or their genetics? This is the debate of nature vs nurture. Instinctive drift The nature vs. nurture controversy is a major topic discussed in psychology and pertains to animal training as well. Both sides of the nature vs. nurture debate have valid points and this controversy is one of the most debated in psychology. A common question asked today by many experts in various fields is if behaviour is due to life experiences or if it is predisposed in DNA. Today, partial credit is given to both sides and in many cases nature and nurture are given equal weight. With animal training it is often questioned if the training and shaping is the cause of a behaviour exhibited by an animal (nurture), or if the behaviour is actually innate to the species (nature). Instinctive drift centers around the nature of behaviour more so than learning being the sole cause of a behaviour. Species are obviously capable of learning behaviours, this is not denied in instinctive drift. Instinctive drift says that animals often revert to innate (nature) behaviours that can interfere with conditioned responses (nurture). Probabilistic epigenesis Probabilistic epigenesis draws from this model in that it emphasizes the importance of factors that could be categorized as nature and/or nurture. However, it expands upon and complicates the idea that it is either nature or nurture that causes a person to act a certain way. In probabilistic epigenesis, nature and nurture interact so that every variable is both a cause and an effect. As developmental and neurological understandings have progressed, the idea that intrinsic and extrinsic factors interact with one another rather than independently, as suggested in the probabilistic epigenesis model, has become the predominant way of understanding behavior. Nurture (album) Along with the name Nurture, Robinson had also considered the name Only Hope for the album, though Nurture was more appealing to him. The name Nurture was chosen for its similarity with the word nature, as Robinson hoped to give people the feeling of nature, as well as the nature versus nurture problem, to make [people] feel like they can change the way they think of themselves and improve themselves. Graham Wallas Wallas argued in Great Society (1914) that a social-psychological analysis could explain the problems created by the impact of the Industrial Revolution on modern society. He contrasted the role of nature and nurture in modern society, concluded that humanity must depend largely on the improvements in nurture and put his faith in the development of stronger international operation.	The Nature vs Nurture argument has existed for as long as humans have been able to consider complex thought. The debate as to whether the nature (the intrinsic nature, the attitude, or the predisposition), or the nurture (the care, the teachings, or the conditioning) of a child is more responsible for who or what they become in adult life. Largely it is considered that humans are a product of context (Nurture). The situations in which we are raised have a considerable bearing on who we become in later life. But, it's not necessarily so black and white. There are countless examples of children having been born into extremely difficult circumstances, who have grown to be well rounded, high contributing members of society. As a result, It would be reasonable to assume that Nature is a strong factor, regardless of the Nurture (the environment) in which a person is raised. After all, there's no guarantee that someone growing up in an abusive household will then abuse others themselves. So then is Nature more important? The difficulty with the debate is that no one individual is the same as another. Experiments to establish the efficacy of Nature vs Nurture are difficult to perform. Not only from a human rights perspective, but additionally from a variable standpoint as well. Really there are far too many variables to control with regards to human nature, that any imposition of control on the Nurture element would be imbalanced. When considering this question, it's important to recognise that developmental psychology is still in its early stages, and to understand that both Nature AND Nurture are necessary factors in human development.	creative_writing
What to do in Mexico City?	Embassy of North Korea, Mexico City The Embassy of North Korea in Mexico City is the diplomatic mission of North Korea to Mexico, located in the capital Mexico City. Greater Mexico City Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, officially called Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico (). It encompasses Mexico City itself and 60 adjacent municipalities of the State of Mexico and Hidalgo. Mexico City megalopolis The Mexico City megalopolis, also known as the Megalopolis of Central Mexico (), is a megalopolis containing Greater Mexico City and surrounding metropolitan areas. Mexico City Greater Mexico City is formed by Mexico City, 60 municipalities from the State of Mexico and one from the state of Hidalgo. Greater Mexico City is the largest metropolitan area in Mexico and the area with the highest population density. , 21,804,515 people live in this urban agglomeration, of which 9,209,944 live in Mexico City proper. In terms of population, the biggest municipalities that are part of Greater Mexico City (excluding Mexico City proper) are in the State of Mexico: Mexico City (former administrative division) Mexico City was formed by merging the Central Department (itself formed from the municipalities of Mexico, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac) and the delegación of General Anaya. In 1970, Mexico City was split into the four delegaciones of Miguel Hidalgo, Benito Juárez, Cuauhtémoc and Venustiano Carranza. Fuente de Cibeles (Mexico City) The fountain was donated by the community of Spanish residents in Mexico and was erected as a symbol of brotherhood between both metropolises, Mexico City and Madrid. Who's Your City? The reviewer in The Chronicle of Higher Education found the chapter that examined the Big Five personality traits to be the best part of the book. In The Globe and Mail, reviewer Joe Berridge wrote, Like all self-help books, it suffers from the assertive blandness of soft psychologizing, but called Who's Your City? an informative, insightful, imaginative book. Reviewer Nathan Glazer in The New Republic commented on the inappropriate urban area conglomerations like Delhi–Lahore, and geographical scales such as metropolitan areas. Nezahualcóyotl Region The region is within the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. It borders Mexico City to the east, and is part of the Greater Mexico City area. Is There Still Sex in the City? Is There Still Sex in the City? is a novel written by Candace Bushnell and published in August 2019 by Grove Press. It is based on Bushnell's real-life experiences after divorcing at the age of 50. The title of the book references Sex and the City, a book by Bushnell first published in 1997. Zona Rosa, Mexico City Zona Rosa () is a neighborhood in Mexico City which is known for its shopping, nightlife, gay community and its recently established Korean community. The neighborhood is officially part of the Colonia Juárez colonia or official neighborhood, located just west of the historic center of Mexico City.	Mexico City also known as CDMX is the capital of Mexico. It is becoming an attraction to tourists all over the world. The downtown area was built on top of pre-hispanic temples. You can see this by visiting Templo Mayor, which was discovered while doing an excavation for new construction. The main plaza is called Zócalo, where you can see the Presidential Palace and the cathedral. You can also visit Palacio de Bellas Artes and some museums in this area. One of the most popular streets is Paseo de la Reforma, modeled after Champs-Élysées. And now it is where a lot of modern and tall buildings have been developed. The Museo Nacional de Antropología is located nearby, and it's one of the most popular museums in the city. Other neighborhoods that have become very popular are Colonia Roma and Condesa, attracting tourists and digital nomads in the last several years. These neighborhoods are well known for the variety of restaurants and nightlife. Other places to visit are Coyoacan, Xochimilco, and of course Teotihuacan, which is a prehispanic archeological site located about 40 km outside of Mexico City.	general_qa
Give me a list of the best movies I've never seen.	Son of the 100 Best Movies You've Never Seen Son of the 100 Best Movies You’ve Never Seen is the eighth book by Canadian author and film critic Richard Crouse. Published in September, 2008 by ECW Press, the book is a sequel to the author's best selling 2003 book The 100 Best Movies You’ve Never Seen. The new book's check list of the best overlooked and under appreciated films of the last 100 years caters to fans of offbeat cinema, discriminating renters and collectors, and movie buffs. The Best Film You've Never Seen The Best Film You've Never Seen: 35 Directors Champion the Forgotten or Critically Savaged Movies They Love is a book by the journalist and editor Robert K. Elder. Natasha (monkey) The zoo's veterinarian, Yigal Horowitz, remarked: I've never seen or heard of this before... One possible explanation is brain damage from the illness. I've Never Seen Star Wars (radio series) The series has a mixed reception. Critics have praised the format. Chris Campling said I've Never Seen Star Wars is, one of the most invigorating new comedy series of the 21st century. I've Never Seen Star Wars (radio series) I've Never Seen Star Wars is a comedy talk show broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Hosted by comedian Marcus Brigstocke, each episode features a celebrity guest trying out experiences that are new to them, but common to many others. The title comes from the show's producer and creator, Bill Dare, having never seen the Star Wars films. The series has been the subject of controversy due to the questionable taste of some of the experiences. Bad Habits (2009 film) Scaryminds.com gave it a perfect 10 out of 10 and said, One of the best movies I've seen all year, full recommendation to anyone who loves them some quality cinema. Bad Habits will provide the fix true movie fans have been waiting on all year. This Whole World In 1978, Beach Boys supporting keyboardist Daryl Dragon commented on the song's various key changes: From a harmony standpoint, I've never heard a song like that since I've been in pop music. I've never heard a song go through that many changes and come back. Outwood Academy City Fields “I’ve never seen anything like it. They were shouting in the faces of any children that were slouching. Ken Strong Walter Steffen, also a member of the College Football Hall of Fame, said: I'll tell you he is easily the greatest football player I ever saw – and I've been around over twenty-five years ... I can tell you honestly that since 1905 I've never seen a football player in his class for all-around stuff. Pin (film) Pin was featured in Fangoria magazine's 101 Best Horror Movies You've Never Seen. It has since become a cult film, and a remake, to be directed by Stern, was announced in 2011.	I would definitely recommend to watch Lord of the Rings. It is a great fantasy movie about friendship and how in the end, the good always prevails. The scale and grandeur, also the cast of the movie was superb. Any film where Tom Hanks is in the lead role should also be watched, as an actor he is simply amazing, and comes across so natural and convincing. If you like action movies, I can heartily recommend all the James Bond movies with Daniel Craig in the lead role. The cinematography, tension, music all play together so well. Speaking of cinematography, one would be amiss to not watch the latest movies of David Villeneuve, for example Inception or Dune. Timothee Chalamais, who is leading role in Dune, also did a great performance in 'The King' - if you liked the character in Dune for example. Other movies would be Interstellar, a great Sci-Fi movie, the Hunger Games trilogy and so many more.	brainstorming
Give me a list of the 3 best activities to do with your kids when the weather is bad outside	Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Tempestas In ancient Roman religion, Tempestas (Latin : season, weather; bad weather; storm, tempest) is a goddess of storms or sudden weather. As with certain other nature and weather deities, the plural form Tempestates is common. Cicero, in discussing whether natural phenomena such as rainbows and clouds should be regarded as divine, notes that the Tempestates had been consecrated as deities by the Roman people. Brainstorming Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Challenge International de Tourisme 1934 On September 13 the weather was bad, but all but two crews reached Prague (7924 km). The fastest that day was Theo Osterkamp (Bf 108), but other two Bf 108 pilots had forced landings near Trieste due to weather and spent night at Zagreb, what lowered their cruise speed. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Bucket List (EP) Hwang Duha of Rhythmer rated Bucket List 3 out of 5 stars. According to him, Big Naughty showed that he can make sophisticated and witty songs. However, there is still room for improvement as the featuring artists steal the spotlight in each song. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 12 hour race The day was cold, windy, and rainy, with snow on the mountains. The weather was bad enough to cancel the rowing events scheduled for the same day as the race.	Build a fort in the living room with blankets, pillows and chairs. Watch nostalgic movies like The Goonies, Sandlot and Honey, I Shrunk the kids. Build a lego castle.	brainstorming
Provide a brief summary of the reaction to the creation of LIV Golf	LIV Golf On 22 June 2022, a group of nearly 2,500 survivors of family members killed or injured during the September 11 attacks wrote an open letter to golfers who have remained loyal to the PGA Tour thanking them for not defecting to LIV Golf. The letter read in part: Thank you for standing up for decency. Thank you for standing up for the 9/11 Families. Thank you for resisting the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's efforts to cleanse its reputation by buying off professional athletes...To those of you who have chosen what is right over blood money from a corrupt, destructive sports entity and its Saudi backers, please continue to stand strong. On 17 July 2022, a group of September 11 victims' family members condemned former U.S. President Donald Trump for hosting the LIV Golf tour at his Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey; the group's letter to Trump noted that he himself had blamed Saudi Arabia for the 9/11 attack during a 2016 interview on Fox News. LIV Golf Greg Norman has been accused of aiding the repressive Saudi government for his own financial gain. In 2021, Norman denied that he was being used for sportswashing and said he works for LIV because of his passion for the sport. Later, in May 2022, Norman defended the involvement of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman with Jamal Khashoggi’s murder, saying, “Look, we've all made mistakes, and you just want to learn from those mistakes and how you can correct them going forward.” His statement drew extensive criticism. Khashoggi’s fiancée, Hatice Cengiz, said it was hurtful that “Jamal's brutal killing is brushed off as a 'mistake' and that we should just move on”. LIV Golf Human rights groups have criticized LIV Golf as sportswashing, a political strategy by Saudi Arabia to cleanse its repressive global image through sport. Human Rights Watch, for example, called the Saudi endeavor “an effort to distract from its serious human rights abuses by taking over events that celebrate human achievement”. Public Investment Fund LIV Golf was also condemned as another sportswashing tool of Saudi Arabia, which is accused of several human rights violations, including the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi. The CEO Greg Norman and star players had to face questions about their association with LIV Golf, despite the Kingdom’s abysmal human rights records. Norman dismissed the questions saying, “We’ve all made mistakes” and that Saudi wanted “to move forward”. Bryson DeChambeau In February 2022, amid speculation that he was joining the Saudi-backed LIV Golf tour, DeChambeau released a statement committing to the PGA Tour. After missing the cut in the Memorial Tournament, DeChambeau was again asked about LIV Golf, in which his answer suggested he would be sticking with the PGA Tour. However, on June 8, The Daily Telegraph reported that DeChambeau would be joining LIV Golf. On June 10, LIV Golf confirmed that DeChambeau had joined the tour. As a result of joining LIV Golf, Rocket Mortgage ended its sponsorship deal with DeChambeau. 911familiesunited.org, a coalition of families and survivors of the 2001 terrorist attacks, sent a scathing letter to representatives of DeChambeau as well as other LIV Golf members, expressing their outrage toward the golfers for participating in LIV Golf and accusing them of sportswashing and betraying the United States. LIV Golf LIV Golf () is a professional golf tour financed by the Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. The name LIV refers to the Roman numerals for 54, the score if every hole on a par-72 course were birdied and the number of holes to be played at LIV events. The first LIV Golf Invitational Series event started on 9 June 2022, at the Centurion Club near London, England. The Invitational Series is to become the LIV Golf League in 2023. Phil Mickelson Mickelson told a journalist that despite Saudi Arabians being scary motherfuckers who had murdered journalist Jamal Khashoggi and executed gay people, he supported the Saudi-backed LIV Golf because it offered an opportunity to reshape the PGA Tour. In response to these comments, Mickelson lost sponsors Amstel Light and KPMG. Mickelson announced he would be stepping away from golf to spend time with his family and would miss the 2022 Masters Tournament. In May, he also decided to withdraw from the PGA Championship which he won in 2021. On June 6, 2022, LIV Golf CEO Greg Norman announced that Mickelson will play in the first event on the LIV Golf Invitational Series beginning on June 9, 2022. On June 9, 2022, the first day of the LIV Golf Invitational London, the PGA Tour suspended Mickelson and 16 other current and former tour members for participating in a conflicting event without permission from the tour. Paul Casey In July 2022, Casey joined the LIV Golf tour and placed sixth at his first tournament at Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey, winning $648,000 in the process. Casey competes for Crushers GC in LIV Golf. Casey then finished 21st at LIV Golf Invitational Boston, played at The International Golf Club in Bolton, Massachusetts, talking home $171,200. Greg Norman In May 2022 when asked on Sky Sports News about Saudi Arabia's extensive human rights violations and how Norman felt about working for such people he stated: No they're not my bosses. We're independent, I do not answer to Saudi Arabia, I do not answer to MBS. LIV Golf Investments is on the public record as being under the majority ownership of Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund (PIF). This fund has been controlled by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia’s de facto ruler since 2015. LIV Golf Invitational London The LIV Golf Invitational London is a golf tournament that is held at the Centurion Club near Hemel Hempstead, England. The inaugural tournament was held in June 2022 as part of the LIV Golf Invitational Series, a golf series led by Greg Norman and funded by the Saudi Arabian Public Investment Fund. The 2022 48-player field included Phil Mickelson, Dustin Johnson, Sergio García, and Kevin Na.	Overall, the reaction to the creation of the LIV Golf has been negative. For example, human rights groups have criticized LIV Golf as sportswashing, a group of 2500 survivors of family members killed during the September 11 attacks wrote a letter to golfers who stayed with the PGA Tour thanking them staying, and Tiger Woods said he thinks that the players who went to LIV Golf turned their back on what has allowed them to get to this position.	summarization
Why do some people select private schools over public schools?	City of Stonnington Australia has a system of public (state government) and private (independent) schools. Most public schools are co-educational. Most private schools are administered by their own boards and receive a government subsidy besides having their own fee structure. Education in South Australia Schools are run by the government (public schools), or by private concerns (private schools). Many private schools are run by churches. Public education is free, and while government funding is provided to private schools, parents must generally pay additional fees for their child's attendance at school. Educational inequality in the United States There are several differences in how private schools operate when compared to public schools. Public schools are funded by federal, state and local sources with nearly half of their funding coming from local property taxes. Private schools are funded from resources outside of the government, which typically comes from a combination of student tuition, donations, fundraising, and endowments. Private school enrollment makes up about 10 percent of all K-12 enrollment in the U.S (about 4 million students), while public school enrollment encompasses 56.4 million students. Education in the Dominican Republic Public schools are often overcrowded, lacking in textbooks and other instructional resources. The buildings themselves often have broken light fixtures, cracked walls, and other damage to the physical building. Polytechnic schools are considered public, however, they are also aided by another organization, usually a religious group. Polytechnic schools generally have higher quality facilities than public schools not linked to a secondary organization. Many schools in rural areas lack more infrastructure than public schools. Additionally, many schools in rural areas do not teach grades past the 6th grade. Private schools in general are of higher quality than public schools and often have resources and advantages that are not available to public schools. Private schools are able to pay their teachers a higher salary and provide higher quality learning resources such as textbooks for the students. These private schools generally serve students with parents from the upper middle class. Patball It is very popular among London public schools, most notably, private schools such as Dulwich College and Dulwich Hamlet. Single-sex education In Syria, private schools are coeducational, while public schools are mostly, but not exclusively, segregated. Universities are all coeducational. Education in South Korea Education in South Korea is provided by both public schools and private schools. Both types of schools receive funding from the government, although the amount that the private schools receive is less than the amount of the state schools. Joam-ri Joam has several public and private schools. Public schools include elementary schools, both boys' and girls' middle schools and a high school. The town also has several private academies. Students attending these receive extra education in subjects ranging from math and music to taekwondo and English. Special school (Netherlands) Particular schools differ from both public and private schools in the way they are funded and run. While privately run, particular schools are not altogether outside the control of the Dutch Ministry of Education, as they are subsidized on equal footing with public schools, and cannot charge tuition over the statutory rate. They are therefore also distinct from private schools—of which there are a small but increasing number in the country—which get no subsidies and can charge market tuition. Secondary education in Singapore Most students in Singapore are educated at public schools. A minority are home-schooled or educated in private schools. The Ministry of Education prohibits students who are Singapore citizens from being educated in private schools without prior permission. Admission to public schools for international students is not guaranteed and is based on aptitude and school vacancies.	Some of the typical reasons people select private schools over public schools are 1. They can afford private school and believe they can get marginal advantages 2. Private schools offer a smaller student to teacher ratio 3. Private schools have connections to some of the niche colleges 4. The curriculum is usually ahead of the public school for the same grade.	open_qa
What is the nickname for West Ham United?	Hoxton Tom McCourt McCourt was born in Hoxton, and was given the nickname Hoxton Tom by West Ham United supporters, at a time when a number of key people from outside West Ham's natural recruiting ground were given tags after the area they came from. He was and still is a Tottenham Hotspur F.C. supporter, but went to West Ham United matches with friends, many of whom were part of the Inter City Firm (ICF), which he became associated with. West Ham United F.C. Under-23s and Academy 'The Academy of Football' , or just 'The Academy', is a nickname of West Ham United. The title pays homage to the success of the club in coaching talented young players. The title, originally attributed to the club by the press, has since been officially adopted by the club and is displayed in several prominent places around the stadium such as being printed beside the club crest on the artificial surface surrounding the pitch at Upton Park. West Ham United F.C. in international football The following is a list of West Ham United's goalscorers in official UEFA competitions (not to include Anglo-Italian Cup statistics): East Ham Prior to West Ham United's relocation to the London Stadium in 2016, they were based at the Boleyn Ground, just inside East Ham's Green Street border with West Ham. East Ham United merged into Barking & East Ham United in 2001, with the merged club dissolved in 2006. History of West Ham United F.C. In June 1900, Thames Ironworks was wound up but was immediately relaunched on 5 July 1900 as West Ham United Football Club. Potential names of Canning Town, West Ham and Borough of West Ham were all considered, before West Ham United was decided upon. The club secretary was Lew Bowen. Despite the shift in team name, the club and its fans are to this day referred to as The Irons and The Hammers due to the original connection and still retains many rivalries (both friendly, and competitive) and community associations from these formative years. In particular, they are perceived to have retained many working class values, even with the rapid changes in the footballing climate. History of West Ham United F.C. West Ham United had joined the Western League for the 1901 season in addition to continuing playing in the Southern Division 1. In 1907, West Ham were crowned the Western League Division 1B Champions, and then defeated 1A champions Fulham 1–0 to become the Western Leagues Overall Champions. Fairfield, Derbyshire George Kitchen, the Everton, West Ham United and Southampton goalkeeper, was born in Fairfield in 1876. He died in 1965. 1975–76 West Ham United F.C. season In the 1975–76 season, West Ham United finished in 18th position in the First Division and reached the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup. West Ham United F.C. West Ham United joined the Western League for the 1901 season while also continuing to play in the Southern Division 1. In 1907, West Ham were crowned the Western League Division 1B Champions, and then defeated 1A champions Fulham 1–0 to become the Western League Overall Champions. The reborn club continued to play their games at the Memorial Grounds in Plaistow (funded by Arnold Hills) but moved to a pitch in the Upton Park area in the guise of the Boleyn Ground stadium in 1904. West Ham's first game in their new home was against fierce rivals Millwall (themselves an Ironworks team, albeit for a rival company) drawing a crowd of 10,000 and with West Ham running out 3–0 winners, and as the Daily Mirror wrote on 2 September 1904, Favoured by the weather turning fine after heavy rains of the morning, West Ham United began their season most auspiciously yesterday evening; when they beat Millwall by 3 goals to 0 on their new enclosure at Upton Park. Ownership of West Ham United F.C. West Ham United F.C. is a football club based in London. It was founded in 1900 by Arnold Hills, owner of Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company. The club's forerunner, Thames Ironworks F.C. ceased to exist in 1900 with West Ham United being formed to take its place.	West Ham United, a UK Premier League soccer team based in East London, are known as both the Irons and the Hammers. Both names refer to the origins of the club as the team of the Thames Ironworks. The club's badge includes a pair of crossed hammers. Whilst many know West Ham as the Hammers most fans tend to refer to them as the Irons particularly in the chant "Come on You Irons".	general_qa
Who are the top 5 non-fiction writers of all time?	Party Time? Party Time? is an EP by rapper Kurtis Blow, released in 1983 on Mercury Records. The title track and the song Got to Dance were both party-themed, but the other songs struck a sociopolitical tone. Norwegian Non-Fiction Writers and Translators Association NFF has collected remuneration for public lending right (PLR) since 1979 and remuneration for the reproduction of non-fiction works since 1980. The revenue from these remuneration schemes is deposited in the Non-fiction Literary Fund. The purpose of the fund is to support the production of Norwegian non-fiction, primarily through grant schemes for non-fiction authors and translators. No Questions Asked (film) Sidney Sheldon, the screenwriter, would go on to become one of the top-10 best selling fiction writers of all time. Stacy Aumonier The Nobel Prize winner (and Forsyte Saga author) John Galsworthy described Aumonier as one of the best short-story writers of all time and predicted that, through the best of his stories, he would outlive all the writers of his day. Say Kids What Time Is It? Say Kids What Time Is It? is the debut single of British dance music duo Coldcut. It is renowned as one of the first tracks to be built entirely around music sampling. Can I Have 5 Minutes of Your Time? Can I Have 5 Minutes Of Your Time? is a 2009 non fiction by American author Hal Becker. It explores sales from Xerox's former #1 salesperson in the USA. Business Week describes it as a fast read because Becker knows what he is talking about”, and All Business calls the book a great training manual for anyone involved in sales. Who Am I This Time? Who Am I This Time? is a short story written by Kurt Vonnegut, published in the Saturday Evening Post in 1961. The story was collected in Vonnegut's famous anthology Welcome to the Monkey House. It was originally titled My Name is Everyone. Texas literature Two seminal writers who wrote about Texas in the Western tradition are J. Frank Dobie and Walter Prescott Webb. Other non-fiction writers about Texas include Tom (Thomas Calloway) Lea, Paul Horgan, and J. Evetts Haley. Hồ Tràm Ho Tram Beach is mentioned by Lonely Planet Guide as the #3 of the Top 5 Places to visit around Ho Chi Minh City Lonely Planet Top 5 Around HCMC. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals.	1) Margaret Atwood 2) James Baldwin 3)Mark Bowden 4) Ta-Nehisi Coates 5) Robin Cook	open_qa
What is Angel Falls?	Angel Falls It is the world's tallest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of and a plunge of . The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auyán-tepui mountain in the Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima), a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bolívar State. The height figure, , mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about of sloped cascade and rapids below the drop and a plunge downstream of the talus rapids. Angel Falls Angel Falls (; Pemon language: Kerepakupai Merú meaning waterfall of the deepest place, or Parakupá Vená, meaning the fall from the highest point) is a waterfall in Venezuela. Tugela Falls The starting altitude of Angel Falls is often given as , from which the falls plunge a vertical , then proceed to cascade for approximately with relatively little altitude loss, before a final drop of below the Talus Rapids, near the famous viewpoint known as Mirador Laime. After this the Rio Gauja flows with very little altitude loss, with nothing approaching a waterfall or even cascade before it empties into the Río Churún. However, the altitude of Mirador Laime is usually given as approximately , which would suggest that Angel Falls is only about in total height (roughly the height of the first drop). Angel Falls (Maine) Angel Falls is a waterfall on Mountain Brook in Township D – northwest of Houghton – in the White Mountains of Franklin County, Maine. The remarkably scenic Angel Falls is a set of plunging tiers totaling in height, and with surrounding cliffs of in height. Flowing out of a in the cliff, it is thought by many to be the tallest waterfall in Maine, tied for height with Moxie Falls, though this is not the case; as Katahdin Falls, also in Maine, is some taller. Angel Falls is so named as, when the water flow is right, the falls appear as an angel. Cuquenan Falls Kukenan Falls (or Salto Kukenan, Kukenaam, Cuquenan or similar) is the second tallest major waterfall in Venezuela after Angel Falls. It is also the second tallest free-leaping waterfall in the world. Overall, it is usually cited as the 11th highest waterfall in the world. The falls drop in a single leap of around and the final portion of the falls trickles down towards the base of the Kukenan Tepui. Angel Falls (Georgia) Angel Falls is the second of two waterfalls on the Angel Falls Trail in Rabun County, Georgia. The first waterfall on the trail is Panther Falls. Waterfall There are thousands of waterfalls in the world, though no exact number has been calculated. The World Waterfall Database lists 7,827 as of 2013, but this is likely incomplete; as noted by Hudson, over 90% of their listings are in North America. Many guidebooks to local waterfalls have been published. There is also no agreement how to measure the height of a waterfall, or even what constitutes one. Angel Falls in Venezuela is the tallest waterfall in the world, the Khone Phapheng Falls in Laos are the widest, and the Inga Falls on the Congo River are the biggest by flow rate, while the Dry Falls in Washington are the largest confirmed waterfalls ever. The highest known subterranean waterfall is in Vrtoglavica Cave in Slovenia. The largest known oceanic waterfall is the Denmark Strait cataract. Cascada de Ventisquero Colgante Cascada de Ventisquero Colgante, also known as Hanging Glacier Falls, is a veiling plunge waterfall in Queulat National Park, in Chile's Aysén region, 10 miles south of the town of Puyuhuapi. The waterfall consists of a single vertical (i.e.: 90 degree) drop that the meltwaters of the Ventisquero Colgante glacier fall down before sliding along an angled layer of bedrock, flowing into the Témpanos river and eventually the Puyuhuapi Channel and Pacific Ocean. The waterfall is at an elevation of 2,850 feet ASL and is a part of the Rio Queulat watershed. The average width of the falls is 100 ft, and its horizontal run is 50 ft. The waterfall's height is conservatively estimated to be 1,800 feet, but due to the lack of reliable measurements, may be as much as 2,000 feet—however, even using the conservative measurement, it is among the five tallest waterfalls in South America. Yutaje Falls The Yutaje Falls is the third-highest waterfall in Venezuela. It is 2,200 ft (671 m) in height. It is a system of two identical cascades which are located in northern Amazonas state. Jimmie Angel James Jimmie Crawford Angel (August 1, 1899December 8, 1956) was an American aviator after whom Angel Falls in Venezuela, the tallest waterfall in the world, is named.	Angel Falls (Spanish: Salto Ángel; Pemon language: Kerepakupai Merú meaning "waterfall of the deepest place", or Parakupá Vená, meaning "the fall from the highest point") is a waterfall in Venezuela. It is the world's tallest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 metres (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft). The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auyán-tepui mountain in the Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima), a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bolívar State. The height figure, 979 m (3,212 ft), mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about 400 metres (1,300 ft) of sloped cascade and rapids below the drop and a 30-metre-high (100 ft) plunge downstream of the talus rapids. The falls are along a fork of the Río Kerepacupai Merú which flows into the Churún River, a tributary of the Carrao River, itself a tributary of the Orinoco River.	information_extraction
Given this paragraph about bicycle manufacturer Colnago, what Italian automobile company did Colnago work with to develop new carbon fiber technology?	Colnago Since the 1980s, while Colnago continued to produce high-end steel bikes, they began to produce cycle frames using material other than steel, including titanium, aluminum, carbon fiber and mixed materials. One unique frame from this period, the Bititan, has a dual titanium down tube. Crimped and oversize tubes were used on the Tecnosone of the lightest production steel bikes produced. Similarly crimped oversized aluminum tubes were used on the Dream frame. In 1981 Colnago prototyped the CX Pistaa full monocoque carbon fiber cycle with disc wheels, which was shown at the Milan bike show. Subsequently, Colnago worked with Ferrari to develop new carbon fiber technology, and Ernesto also credits their engineers for challenging him regarding fork design, which led to Colnago's innovative Precisa straight-bladed steel fork (1987). Colnago also experimented with multi-material frames, including the CT-1 and CT-2 constructed with titanium main tubes, carbon fiber forks and rear stays, and a similarly constructed (although short-lived) Master frame constructed with steel main tubes, carbon forks and stays. Colnago Colnago's early attempts at carbon fiber frames were not commercially successful, but the lessons learned were embodied in their flagship frames, such as the C-40, the most sought after bicycle (1994), and its successor, the C-50 (2004)respectively named for Colnago's 40th and 50th years in bike building. These carbon fiber frames set new standards of excellence. They were built using a modified form of traditional cycle frame construction, substituting carbon fiber lugs for microinfusion cast steel, and carbon fiber tubes for the complex steel tubes used for steel frame construction. Similar building techniques are used in the latest design, the C59, named (as before) for its year of production. While we take for granted the spread of carbon frames, their success was not a foregone conclusion: Colnago Despite this denial, since 2007 Colnago's carbon monocoque CLX frame has been manufactured in Taiwan. In 2008, a second Colnago carbon fiber model, the CX-1 was also sourced in Taiwan. Colnago In response to criticism that his frames were not stiff enough, next Colnago experimented with ways to change the behavior of frame components. In 1983, he introduced the Oval CX with an oval section top tube to add stiffness. He then experimented with various crimped-tube frames which became production models as their top of the range frames, beginning with the Super Profil and Master. Later Master-Light, Master Olympic and Master Più extended the range. Colnago built a frame from Columbus tubing used by Giuseppe Saronni to win the world professional road race championship in 1982, and afterwards a short-lived collection of bikes were badged with the Saronni name. In 1983, Giuseppe Saronni would go on to win the Giro d'Italia stage race on a Colnago bicycle. Steel frames winning races made Colnago's reputation: Between them, Eddy Merckx and Giuseppe Saronni won 719 races from 1965 to 1988, and the bulk of those victories were aboard a steel Colnago. Ernesto Colnago first designed the Master frame in 1982 as a replacement for the Mexico, which was named after Eddy Merckx’s successful Hour record in Mexico city. Over the course of 17 years in the pro peloton, the Master was ridden to hundreds of wins, and there are few bikes that have such a palmarès.: Colnago While Ernesto was the head mechanic of the Molteni team riders such as Gianni Motta raced on Colnago cycles. A win on a Colnago in the 1970 Milan-San Remo race by Michele Dancelli for the Molteni team inspired Colnago to change his logo to the now-famous 'Asso di Fiori' or Ace of Clubs. After the demise of the Faema team, Eddy Merckx joined the Molteni team, and what ensued was mutual innovation—as Colnago describes it: Merckx was an up and coming champion, and I was an up and coming bike builder. So it was a real honour to work for a great champion like Merckx. It helped us to grow... when we made special forks, and special bikes. This included the super-light steel frame used by Merckx in 1972 to break the world one-hour record. Colnago Colnago has sponsored at least one professional team every year since 1974, often sponsoring more than one. In addition, other teams in the peloton have competed on Colnago bikes. Probably the most famous was the Molteni team which included Eddy Merckx, but the world champion, Giuseppe Saronni also rode Colnago bikes throughout his career, from 1977 with Scic, later with Gis Gelati and with Colnago-Del Tongo. Colnago was well known as a sponsor of the legendary Mapei cycling team throughout the 1990s. For 2005, Colnago sponsored the professional cycling team Rabobank. Colnago has also been the bike sponsor for the American domestic team, Navigators for whom the Australian sprinter Hilton Clarke was a member 2005–2008. Colnago One of the first big victories on a Colnago frame was in 1957, when Gastone Nencini won the 1957 edition of the Giro d’Italia bicycle race on a Colnago bicycle. In 1960, Colnago achieved more recognition as Luigi Arienti rode to a gold medal at the Rome Olympics on a Colnago bicycle. By the late 1960s, Colnago was generally regarded as one of the builders of the world's best steel road race frames. Colnago Colnago Ernesto & C. S.r.l. or Colnago is a manufacturer of high quality road-racing bicycles founded by Ernesto Colnago near Milano in Cambiago, Italy. It remained a family-controlled firm until May 4, 2020, when it was announced that the UAE-based investment company, Chimera Investments LLC, had acquired a majority of the Colnago shares from Ernesto Colnago, although the headquarters will remain located in Italy after the acquisition. Racing bicycle Carbon fiber has also become more popular for components. Shimano, Campagnolo and SRAM have introduced carbon fiber for their high-end shifters and brake levers, cranks, and parts of their derailleurs. Carbon fiber stems, handlebars, shoe soles, forks and seatposts are also more commonplace, including integrated stem/handlebar combinations. The advantages of carbon fiber are low weight as well as increased vibration damping leading to a more comfortable ride. Bicycle frame Carbon fiber composite is a popular non-metallic material commonly used for bicycle frames. Although expensive, it is light-weight, corrosion-resistant and strong, and can be formed into almost any shape desired. The result is a frame that can be fine-tuned for specific strength where it is needed (to withstand pedaling forces), while allowing flexibility in other frame sections (for comfort). Custom carbon fiber bicycle frames may even be designed with individual tubes that are strong in one direction (such as laterally), while compliant in another direction (such as vertically). The ability to design an individual composite tube with properties that vary by orientation cannot be accomplished with any metal frame construction commonly in production. Some carbon fiber frames use cylindrical tubes that are joined with adhesives and lugs, in a method somewhat analogous to a lugged steel frame. Another type of carbon fiber frames are manufactured in a single piece, called monocoque construction.	Colnago worked with Ferrari to develop new carbon fiber technology.	closed_qa
Plan a weekend long vacation to Madrid, and mention multiple specific places you would visit and how you would travel in the city	GiveCamp A GiveCamp is a weekend long event where developers, database administrators, designers and other technologists volunteer their time to create web sites, small applications or training courses for local charities who otherwise would not be able to afford them. Travel plan A framework travel plan may be used for speculative development such as a business park where the occupiers of buildings are not known or where there will be multiple occupiers (such as a shared office block). Lale Gül Gül was raised in a strict Islamic-religious family in Amsterdam-West. During the week she would attend regular school, and during the weekend she would visit an Islamic school in the Milli Görüş community. She studies Dutch literature at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. Mars cycler The astronauts would meet up with the cycler in Earth orbit and later Mars orbit in specialised craft called taxis. One cycler would travel an outbound route from Earth to Mars in about five months. Another Mars cycler in a complementary trajectory would travel from Mars to Earth, also in about five months. Taxi and cargo vehicles would attach to the cycler at one planet and detach upon reaching the other. The cycler concept would therefore provide for routine, safe, and economical transport between Earth and Mars. The Rihla From Aden, Ibn Battuta embarked on a ship heading for Zeila on the coast of Somalia. Later he would visit Mogadishu, the then pre-eminent city of the Land of the Berbers (بلد البربر Balad al-Barbar, the medieval Arabic term for the Horn of Africa). People We Meet on Vacation People We Meet on Vacation follows Poppy and Alex, two best friends who are opposites in every way. She is a wild child with insatiable wanderlust while he is laidback and would rather stay home with a book. Every summer they come together for a week long vacation. Until one trip where everything is ruined and they stop speaking for two years. Now, in order to find happiness Poppy convinces Alex to take one last vacation, in order to fix everything between them. Travel plan A travel plan is a package of actions designed by a workplace, school or other organisation to encourage safe, healthy and sustainable travel options. By reducing car travel, travel plans can improve health and wellbeing, free up car parking space, and make a positive contribution to the community and the environment. Every travel plan is different, but most successful plans have followed a structured process in their development: Mildred L. Batchelder Mildred's mother provided the “cultural and literary stimulus” for Mildred and her sisters. They would travel to Boston where they experienced theatre and films and would stock up on books before leaving the city. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 1991–92 Adam Sandler portrayed a man from Cajun country in Louisiana who dressed like Huckleberry Finn and spoke in a heavily exaggerated Cajun French dialect. When interviewed he would simply respond with one or two word answers, all rhyming with cajun. For example, when asked where his girlfriend is, he would answer long vacation and then being asked how he occupies his time, would answer masturbation. The character is essentially a send-up of TV chef Justin Wilson who specialized in Cajun cuisine, and would frequently enunciate the second syllable in the word onion. Debuted February 8, 1992.	On Saturday we would start off by visiting the Reina Sofia museum, which we would get to by taking the metro system. We would then continue to the Prado art museum in the afternoon, which we would also get to by metro and walking from the Reina Sofia. We'd then grab a late lunch at a nearby cafe, before walking over to the nearby Parque Retiro, which is one of the main parks in Madrid. We'd spend the afternoon there and take out a boat for a row on the lake, and then in the evening we'd grab empanadas for dinner from a bakery. The next day, we'd start off the day with a casual coffee and slow morning breakfast. We'd then check out the botanical gardens, and then the National Anthropological Museum in the afternoon. Finally, we'd finish our weekend with a visit to the Madrid Opera house.	creative_writing
Based on the text, please give me a brief summary of the history of the DTES neighbourhood in Vancouver	Downtown Eastside Around the beginning of the 20th century, the DTES was the political, cultural and retail centre of Vancouver. Over several decades, the city centre gradually shifted westwards and the DTES became a poor, although relatively stable, neighbourhood. In the 1980s, the area began a rapid decline due to several factors including an influx of hard drugs, policies that pushed sex work and drug-related activity out of nearby areas, and the cessation of federal funding for social housing. By 1997, an epidemic of HIV infection and drug overdoses in the DTES led to the declaration of a public health emergency. As of 2018, critical issues include opioid overdoses, especially those involving the drug fentanyl; decrepit and squalid housing; a shortage of low-cost rental housing; and mental illness, which often co-occurs with addiction. Downtown Eastside Both homelessness and substandard housing are major issues in the DTES, that compound the neighbourhood's problems with addiction and mental illness. In 2012, there were 846 homeless people in the greater DTES area, including 171 who were not in some form of shelter. The DTES homeless made up approximately half of the city's total homeless population, over a third of whom are Indigenous. Downtown Eastside The Downtown Eastside (DTES) is a neighbourhood in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. One of the city's oldest neighbourhoods, the DTES is the site of a complex set of social issues including disproportionately high levels of drug use, homelessness, poverty, crime, mental illness and sex work. It is also known for its strong community resilience, history of social activism, and artistic contributions. Downtown Eastside Without the presence of a viable retail economy, a drug economy proliferated, with an accompanying increase in crime, while police presence decreased. Crack cocaine arrived in Vancouver in 1995, and crystal methamphetamine started to appear in the DTES in 2003. In 1997 the local health authority declared a public health emergency in the DTES: Rates of HIV infection, spread by needle-sharing amongst drug users, were worse than anywhere in the world outside Sub-Saharan Africa, and more than 1000 people had died of drug overdoses. Efforts to reduce drug-related deaths in the DTES included the opening of a needle exchange in 1989, the opening of North America's first legal safe injection site in 2003, and treatment with anti-retroviral drugs for HIV. A shift among users from injected cocaine to crack cocaine use may have also slowed the spread of disease. Rates of HIV infection dropped from 8.1 cases per 100 person-years in 1997 to 0.37 cases per 100 person-years by 2011. Downtown Eastside In 2016, a board member of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users said that in the previous year, Vancouver's supply of heroin had virtually disappeared and been replaced by fentanyl, which is cheaper and more potent. At the end of 2014, the DTES saw a dramatic rise in fentanyl overdoses. In 2016 the surge in drug overdose deaths led to the declaration of a public health emergency across the province. Downtown Eastside The DTES has a history of attracting migrants with mental health and addiction issues from across B.C. and Canada, with many drawn by its drug market, affordable housing, and services. Between 1991 and 2007, the DTES population increased by 140%. Downtown Eastside In the early 1980s, the DTES was an edgy but still relatively calm place to live. The neighbourhood began a marked shift before Expo 86, when an estimated 800 to 1,000 tenants were evicted from DTES residential hotels to make room for tourists. With the increased tourist traffic of Expo 86, dealers introduced an influx of high-purity cocaine and heroin. In efforts to clean up other areas of the city, police cracked down on the cocaine market and street prostitution, but these activities resurfaced in the DTES. Within the DTES, police officers gave up on arresting the huge numbers of individual drug users, and chose to focus their efforts on dealers instead. Downtown Eastside In a 2008 survey of SRO residents in the greater DTES, 32% self-reported as being addicted to drugs, 20% were addicted to alcohol, 52% smoked cigarettes regularly, and 51% smoked marijuana. In 2003, the DTES was home to an estimated 4,700 injection drug users. Most live in unstable housing or are homeless, and approximately 20% are sex workers. In 2006, DTES residents incurred half of the deaths from illegal drug overdoses in the entire province. Between 1996 and 2011, there have been large fluctuations in drug usage, with the most recent trend being an overall decline in illicit drug use between 2007 and 2011. However, between 2010 and 2014, hospitalizations related to addictions increased by 89% at St. Paul's Hospital. Downtown Eastside Since Vancouver's real-estate boom began in the early 21st century, the area has been increasingly experiencing gentrification. Some see gentrification as a force for revitalization, while others believe it has led to higher displacement and homelessness. Numerous efforts have been made to improve the DTES at an estimated cost of over $1.4 billion as of 2009. Services in the greater DTES area are estimated to cost $360 million per year. Commentators from across the political spectrum have said that little progress has been made in resolving the issues of the neighbourhood as a whole, although there are individual success stories. Proposals for addressing the issues of the area include increasing investment in social housing, increasing capacity for treating people with addictions and mental illness, making services more evenly distributed across the city and region instead of concentrated in the DTES, and improving co-ordination of services. However, little agreement exists between the municipal, provincial and federal governments regarding long-term plans for the area. Downtown Eastside A 2010 BBC article described the DTES as home to one of the worst drug problems in North America. In 2011, crack cocaine was the most commonly used illicit hard drug in Vancouver, followed by injected prescription opioids (such as fentanyl and OxyContin), heroin, crystal methamphetamine (usually injected rather than smoked), and cocaine (also usually injected). Alcoholism, especially when it involves the use of highly toxic isopropyl alcohol, is a significant source of harm to residents of the DTES.	The DTES has transformed from the focal point of Vancouver’s cultural and commercial life at the start of the 20th Century to an impoverished neighbourhood with many socio-economic problems by the 1980s. Since the 1990s, the DTES has been home to a public health emergency due to drug overdoses, HIV infection, a housing crisis, and mental health problems.	summarization
What are your favorite musical instruments?	Tiwa musical instruments Musical Instruments of the Tiwa tribe add to the rhythm of the festivals of the Tiwa tribe. Traditional musical instruments plays a major role in enrichment of the Tiwa culture. Through Tiwa musical instruments every Tiwa celebrates all the colourful Tiwa festivals or occasion. A list of some of the popular musical instruments of the Tiwa people are given below; Bertitik The musical instruments used in Bertitik are gendang, gongs, bebandil, and kulintangan. These four musical instruments serve as one ensemble in the ceremony. If any of these musical instruments are not used, the ensemble will not produce a pleasant sound. This musical instrument will be played by those who are skilled in using it only. Microsoft Musical Instruments Microsoft Musical Instruments is a 1992 educational software for Windows 3.1 which is an interactive encyclopedia of musical instruments. It contains 203 musical instruments from around the world, including pictures and audio samples of every instrument. Instruments are categorized by type, region, and are also shown in alphabetical order. Notable musical ensembles are also included. Traditional Korean musical instruments Traditional Korean musical instruments comprise a wide range of string, wind, and percussion instruments. Many traditional Korean musical instruments (especially those used in Confucian ceremonies) derive from Chinese musical instruments. Menchey Music Service Band and orchestra instrument brands sold by Menchey Music include Gemeinhardt, Buffet Crampon, Yamaha, Accent Musical Instruments, Eastman Music Company, Vincent Bach, Jupiter Band Instruments, Cannonball Musical Instruments, Haynes, Conn-Selmer, King Musical Instruments, and Henri Selmer Paris. Guitar and amplifier brands include Fender Musical Instruments, Alvarez Guitars, C. F. Martin & Company, Line 6, Zoom, Audio-Technica, Ibanez, and Jay Turser. Traditional French musical instruments Traditional French musical instruments, known as instruments traditionnels in French, are musical instruments used in the traditional folk music of France. They comprise a range of string, wind, and percussion instruments. Museum of Musical Instruments (Milan) The Museum of Musical Instruments of Milan exhibits over 700 musical instruments from the fifteenth to twentieth centuries with particular attention to Lombard instruments. The collection contains plucked instruments, Lombard and Cremonese violins, hunting horns, numerous wood instruments (e.g. flutes, oboes, clarinets, English horns), bassoons, pianos and some ancient organs. In particular the Cremonese lutherie (from Cremona in low Lombardy) is appreciated all over the world for the high quality of its musical instruments. The museum also displays the equipment of the former Studio di fonologia musicale di Radio Milano. Lingnan culture The set of musical instruments used in Cantonese opera styles and music has much overlapping with those used by other Han Chinese groups. There are, however, instruments distinctly Cantonese, with the gaohu (gou wu) being the most representative. Aside from this, qinqin (cheon kum) and erxian (yi yun) are other musical instruments associated with Cantonese music. Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments are the musical instruments used in the traditional and classical musics of Vietnam. They comprise a wide range of string, wind, and percussion instruments, used by both the Viet () majority as well as the nation's ethnic minorities. Alexei Rezepkin Previously, the oldest musical instruments (the Lyres of Ur) were reported by Leonard Woolley from the excavations of Ur.	Guitar, flute, bagpipes, cello, saxophone.	brainstorming
When was Rhual constructed?	Rhual Rhual is a Grade I listed building in Flintshire. This small mansion has medieval origins and is surrounded by a large landscaped park. The present building was constructed in 1634 by Evan Edwards, a member of a well established Flintshire family which traced its descent from the Welsh king Hywel Dda. He most likely incorporated an older medieval house into the north wing of the current building. The house has since been built upon further, and the east and south entrances were created in the 19th century. Ancient House, Clare The Ancient House is a medieval timber-framed building located in Clare in Suffolk, England. It is a Grade I listed building. Court House, East Quantoxhead The original manor house was constructed around 1273, adjacent to the Church of St Mary. The only remaining section of the medieval house is the four-storey tower with battlements which was dated in a survey during 2003 by Historic England as coming from the late 14th or early 15th century. The rest of the current building was constructed in the 17th century. Restoration House Although essentially a private home, the house and garden are open to the public during the summer. The house is protected as a Grade I listed building. Gawsworth Old Rectory Gawsworth Old Rectory is a medieval house in the village of Gawsworth, Cheshire, England. It is known for the rare survival of its open hall and the notable 1873 restoration by Richard Norman Shaw, and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. Winnington Hall Winnington Hall is a former country house in Winnington, now a suburb of Northwich, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. The building is in effect two houses joined, an older modest timber-framed house, and a newer, more elegant, stone house. Cringley House Cringley House (also known as Skeldale House) is an historic building in the English village of Askrigg, North Yorkshire. Standing on the south side of Market Place, it was built in the early-to-mid 19th century, and is now a Grade II listed building. Its railings are also of listed status. Waterston Manor Waterston Manor, Puddletown, Dorset is a manor house with 17th century origins, that was extensively rebuilt after a fire in 1863 and remodelled in 1911. The manor was the inspiration for Weatherbury Farm in Thomas Hardy's novel, Far from the Madding Crowd. It is a Grade I listed building. Peckforton Castle Peckforton Castle is a Victorian country house built in the style of a medieval castle. It stands in woodland at the north end of Peckforton Hills northwest of the village of Peckforton, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. The house was built in the middle of the 19th century as a family home for John Tollemache, a wealthy Cheshire landowner, estate manager, and Member of Parliament. It was designed by Anthony Salvin in the Gothic style. During the Second World War it was used as a hostel for physically disabled children. Wentworth Woodhouse Wentworth Woodhouse is a Grade I listed country house in the village of Wentworth, in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, England. It is currently owned by the Wentworth Woodhouse Preservation Trust. The building has more than 300 rooms, although the precise number is unclear, with of floorspace ( of living area). It covers an area of more than , and is surrounded by a park, and an estate of .	Rhual was constructed in 1634 by Evan Edwards.	closed_qa
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Purussaurus, Albacore Tuna	Escolar Oceana claims that escolar has been mislabeled or otherwise confused with the following fish: Atlantic cod, oilfish (related to escolar but in a different genus), rudderfish, blue cod, black cod, king tuna, grouper, orange roughy, sea bass, gemfish, Chilean sea bass, albacore tuna, and white tuna. Yellowfin tuna Yellowfin is often marketed as ahi, from the Hawaiian , a name also used there for the closely related bigeye tuna. The species name, albacares (white meat) can also lead to confusion: in English, the albacore (Thunnus alalunga) is a different species, while yellowfin is officially designated albacore in French and referred to as albacora by Portuguese fishermen. Albacore The albacore (Thunnus alalunga), known also as the longfin tuna, is a species of tuna of the order Perciformes. It is found in temperate and tropical waters across the globe in the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones. There are six distinct stocks known globally in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, as well as the Mediterranean Sea. The albacore has an elongate, fusiform body with a conical snout, large eyes, and remarkably long pectoral fins. Its body is a deep blue dorsally and shades of silvery white ventrally. Individuals can reach up to in length. Banksia Woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain Animal species include Dasyurus geoffroii, Calyptorhynchus latirostris, Calyptorhynchus banksii, Banksia aurantia, Caladenia huegelii, Drakaea elastica, and Pelagic fish The highly migratory species include: tuna and tuna-like species (albacore, Atlantic bluefin, bigeye tuna, skipjack, yellowfin, blackfin, little tunny, Pacific bluefin, southern bluefin and bullet), pomfret, marlin, sailfish, swordfish, saury and oceangoing sharks, as well as mammals such as dolphins, and other cetaceans. Blackfin tuna The blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) is a species of tuna in the family Scombridae. It is occasionally referred to as the bermuda tuna, blackfinned albacore, or deep bodied tunny. They are the smallest tuna species in the genus Thunnus, generally growing to a maximum of in length and weighing 21 kg (46 lb). Purussaurus Purussaurus is one of the largest known crocodyliformes ever to have existed. Three other extinct crocodyliformes, Sarcosuchus, Deinosuchus, and Rhamphosuchus had similar body sizes. Sarcosuchus and Deinosuchus had similar proportions, but both were geologically much older, dating from the Early and Late Cretaceous, respectively. One study also indicates that Purussaurus may have been heavier than either Sarcosuchus or Deinosuchus, as it had a much broader, shorter snout and this would require a thicker, stronger neck to support the larger head. Rhamphosuchus lived around the same time as Purussaurus, but was slightly smaller, had a more gharial-like snout and lived in India. During the summer of 2005, a Franco-Peruvian expedition (the Fitzcarrald expedition) found new fossils of Purussaurus in the Peruvian Amazon (600 km from Lima). Culture of Barbados In addition to flying fish, many other varieties of fish are found in the waters surrounding Barbados, including kingfish, swordfish, red snapper, yellow-fin tuna, albacore tuna, marlin, shark and mahi-mahi commonly called dolphin. Staples include sweet potato, yam, breadfruit, cassava, rice, English potato, pasta and cou-cou. Purussaurus Purussaurus is an extinct genus of giant caiman that lived in South America during the Miocene epoch, from the Friasian to the Huayquerian in the SALMA classification. It is known from skull material found in the Brazilian and Peruvian Amazon, Colombian Villavieja Formation, Panamanian Culebra Formation and the Urumaco and Socorro Formations of northern Venezuela. Land-based game fishing The billfish (swordfish, marlin and sailfish) and the larger tuna (bluefin, yellowfin) are the main target species; smaller game fish are also sought, such as Spanish mackerel, dolphinfish, wahoo, and smaller tuna species such as albacore, skipjack or longtail, etc.	Albacore Tuna is alive, Purussaurus is extinct.	classification
What is the difference between a chihuaha and a golden retriever?	Golden Retriever The Golden Retriever is still used as a gundog by sportsmen, both as a hunting companion in the field and for competing in field trials. It is used more for retrieval of land-based gamebirds such as grouse and partridge than for wildfowl hunting. Those used as gundogs are usually from working lines specifically bred for field use; dogs from pet or show lines are rarely suitable. A Golden Retriever with a traditional dense double coat is well suited to working in cold and wet conditions, as the coat provides water resistance and insulation. Compared to other retriever breeds, the Golden Retriever is not a strong swimmer; its long coat causes it to sit low in the water when swimming. Golden Retriever In the early days Golden Retrievers were called the 'Flat-coated Retriever, Golden', Initially the Golden Retriever was considered a colour variety of the former breed. In 1903 the Kennel Club recorded the first examples, listing them in the same register as Flat-coats. In 1904 a Golden Retriever won a field trial and in 1908 the first examples were exhibited at conformation shows. In 1911 a breed club was formed for the breed in England, the Golden Retriever Club, and they were given a new name, the 'Yellow or Golden Retriever'; from this point they were increasingly seen as a separate breed from the Flat-coated Retriever. It was not until 1913 that the Kennel Club began recording them on a separate breed register from the Flat-coated Retriever and in 1920 the 'Yellow or' was dropped from the breed name and they were officially called the 'Golden Retriever'. Golden Retriever The Golden Retriever is much less commonly used by sportsmen as a hunting companion than the Labrador Retriever. One reason is that the breed is generally quite slow to mature, particularly compared to the Labrador; often when a Golden Retriever is still in basic training a Labrador of the same age has already completed a season of hunting. Another is its long coat, which requires more maintenance and grooming than that of the Labrador, particularly after working in muddy conditions or close cover, as their long hair is more prone to picking up dirt and burrs. More Golden Retrievers are bred as pets or for the show ring than for hunting, so it can be hard for sportsmen to find pups bred from proven working lines. Golden Retriever The breed usually retains many of their gundog traits and instincts including an excellent sense of smell and a strong instinct to retrieve; even among those not trained as gundogs it is typical for Golden Retrievers to present their owners with toys or other objects. Compared to other retriever breeds the Golden Retriever is typically quite slow to mature. Golden Retriever The Golden Retriever is a powerfully built, medium-sized breed of dog; according to the Kennel Club breed standard, dogs stand from and bitches from . Healthy adult examples typically weigh between . Golden Retriever In the 1860s Marjoribanks set out to create what to his mind was the ultimate breed of retriever at his Scottish estate Guisachan. He started by acquiring a yellow-coloured Flat-coated Retriever dog called Nous; Nous had been whelped in June 1864 and was the only yellow pup in an otherwise all black-coloured litter. Whilst uncommon, occasionally liver, brown, golden or yellow-coloured purebred Flat-coated Retriever pups are whelped to matings of two black parents. It is the pedigree of Nous that was the source for the romantic tales of the heritage of the Golden Retriever. One early account claimed Nous was purchased from a Russian circus trainer in Brighton, another claimed he was bought from a cobbler, and yet another claimed a gypsy. The stud book states that Nous was a Flat-coated Retriever bred by Lord Chichester on his Stanmer Park estate near Brighton. Golden retriever egg challenge The Golden retriever egg challenge is a viral video phenomenon where people put a raw egg in a dog's mouth to see if it can hold it without cracking it. Golden Retriever The Golden Retriever is a Scottish breed of retriever dog of medium size. It is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and a striking golden coat. It is commonly kept as a pet and is among the most frequently registered breeds in several Western countries. It is a frequent competitor in dog shows and obedience trials; it is also used as a gundog, and may be trained for use as a guide dog. Golden Retriever (band) Jonathan Sielaff (formerly of Au) and Matt Carlson both played in the experimental music community in the Pacific Northwest in the mid-2000s. Sielaff played with Carlson's band Parenthetical Girls. They founded Golden Retriever in 2008 and began releasing albums on cassette and CD-R. In 2012, the group signed with Thrill Jockey and released Occupied with the Unspoken; Seer followed in 2014. Golden Retriever The Golden Retriever was developed in Scotland in the nineteenth century by Sir Dudley Marjoribanks (later to become Baron Tweedmouth) from Flat-coated Retrievers judiciously crossed with Tweed Water Spaniels and some other British dog breeds. Prior to the 1952 publication of the very detailed stud book which had been meticulously maintained by Marjoribanks, a number of romantic tales were published about the origins of the breed.	Chihuahas are a breed of dog and they are generally smaller in size. They can be long or short haired. Their temperament is that they like to bark a lot and are easily agitated. Regardless, Chihuaha dogs make great companions and lap dogs. Golden retrievers are a breed of dog and they are generally larger in size. They are very intelligent dogs and can be easily trained. They are used as service dogs to help people, for example they can be a guide dog for the blind. Their temperament is that they are calm and focused. Golden retrievers are also great companion dogs.	open_qa
Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Domra, Xaphoon	Xaphoon The xaphoon ( ) is a chromatic keyless single-reed woodwind instrument. It has a closed cylindrical bore and a very slightly flared bell. The xaphoon has a full chromatic range of two octaves, and overblows at the twelfth like the clarinet. Xaphoon While the popularity of the xaphoon has led to frequent use of the word xaphoon to denote any type of small single-reed keyless woodwind instrument, the term remains a registered trade name. Only those instruments produced by Brian Wittman (Maui Xaphoon), Indiana Plastics (Xaphoon Pocket Sax), and Sans Luthier (Xaphoon de Catalunya) are allowed to be called xaphoons. Domra The domra (Cyrillic: до́мра, ) is a long-necked Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian folk string instrument of the lute family with a round body and three or four metal strings. Domra The modern domra is typically played with a plectrum, although some performers strum the instrument like a balalaika, but this is uncommon. Domra In 1896, a student of Vasily Vasilievich Andreyev found a broken instrument in a stable in rural Russia. It was thought that this instrument may have been an example of a domra, although at that time no illustrations or examples of the traditional domra were known to exist (the traditional domra was only known through numerous mentions in folklore, though examples existed of the dombra, a related Turkic instrument). A three-stringed version of this instrument was later redesigned in 1896, patented, and introduced into the orchestra of Russian folk instruments. Xaphoon The xaphoon's tone sounds like a clarinet or a saxophone, and is suitable for playing music in similar genres such as jazz or klezmer, although it has also been used to play music of other traditions. It uses a standard tenor saxophone reed. The xaphoon has nine tone holes: eight holes in front, and one hole in back for the left thumb, superficially resembling those of a recorder. The xaphoon's fingerings, however, are significantly different from those of either a saxophone or recorder. Kingri (string instrument) Kingri is a chordophone Indian bowed string instrument (string spike fiddle), similar to Rabab and Ravanastron. It has a resonator box of unglazed pottery, through which a stick is passed to function as the neck. Domra Today, it is the three-stringed domra that is used almost exclusively in Russia. It is played with a plectrum, and is often used to play the lead melody in Russian balalaika ensembles. The four-stringed domra is primarily widespread in Ukraine. Dili tuiduk The woodwind instrument is also transcribed dilli düdük, dilli tuyduk , dili tüidük, dilli tüidük and дилли туйдук. Bladder fiddle On percussion instruments, the drum has been turned sideways on the instrument and the string runs across it like the sound-table on a spike lute. The string has been dropped in some cases, the bow stick becoming a drumstick and the instrument now a percussion instrument, called a boomba, stamp fiddle, stumpf fiddle, or pogo cello. Also called Devil's stick, Devil's violin, boom bass, hum strum, teufel stick or stomp stick. In the percussion instrument, the string may still have limited use as a chordophone, if it has been set up with a tuning peg to tighten the string; if used in this manner, the instrument is bowed with a notched stick, producing rough sounds. In some modern instruments, the string has been replaced by a long spring, solely a percussion instrument, and in other instruments the string has been dropped altogether. The Polish (Devil's fiddle) often has no string, but includes the memory of the instrument's past, by placing a violin-shaped piece of wood on the instrument.	Xaphoon is woodwind, Domra is string.	classification
What is the best way to define a data&AI strategy?	Angelo Dalli Angelo has been a vocal proponent of ethical AI that impacts society positively and believes that AI should be properly regulated. Angelo has been appointed by the Government of Malta on the taskforce that produced Malta's new AI regulation and national AI strategy, and is an active member of the AAAI, ACM and the ACL. Filter (mathematics) While the above definition is the most general way to define a filter for arbitrary posets, it was originally defined for lattices only. In this case, the above definition can be characterized by the following equivalent statement: Business intelligence BI applications use data gathered from a data warehouse (DW) or from a data mart, and the concepts of BI and DW combine as BI/DW Gabriela de Queiroz In addition to her work with R-Ladies, de Queiroz is an expert in machine learning and leads IBM's AI Strategy and Innovations team. Her team contributes to projects such as TensorFlow. Ahmed K. Elmagarmid At QCRI, Elmagarmid started the Qatar Computing Research Institute-CSAIL research collaboration with MIT in 2012 with the objective of exchange of expertise between QCRI and MIT-CSAIL scientists and joint knowledge creation. Building up on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) expertise developed through this QCRI-CSAIL collaboration and various other AI projects at QCRI, he started a new center for AI within the institute. Under Elmagarmid's oversight and leadership, Qatar Center for AI (QCAI) has produced a blueprint for the National AI Strategy for Qatar. Realizing the potential of AI and data science to impact all aspects of life and society, Elmagarmid has been promoting the transformation of higher education towards more AI/data science based education. Charles Rob Rob died of heart disease while visiting relatives on 26 July 2001 in Montpellier, Vt. Apart from his medical innovations, he has been remembered for his saying on the treatment of a gangrenous limb: The best treatment for the condition is rest. The best way to rest is sleep. The best way to get sleep is to relieve pain, and the best way to relieve pain is to give whiskey. Artificial intelligence Most EU member states had released national AI strategies, as had Canada, China, India, Japan, Mauritius, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, US and Vietnam. Others were in the process of elaborating their own AI strategy, including Bangladesh, Malaysia and Tunisia. Sublanguage SQL (Structured Query Language) statements are classified in various ways, which can be grouped into sublanguages, commonly: a data query language (DQL), a data definition language (DDL), a data control language (DCL), and a data manipulation language (DML). Penrose tiling Points with the same label define a tiling by Robinson triangles while points with the numbers 3 and 4 on them define the vertices of a Tie-and-Navette tiling. Data model A data model explicitly determines the structure of data. Data models are typically specified by a data specialist, data librarian, or a digital humanities scholar in a data modeling notation. These notations are often represented in graphical form.	Translate your business and digital strategy into your data and AI vision and strategy highlighting the biggest opportunity areas optimizing your current business as well as new innovative businesses utilizing AI and data. Identify the business processes (product development, production, sales & marketing, supply chain, pricing, HR, finance, etc.) where you want to use data and AI. Understand the current state of your data and AI capabilities. Describe the target state for your business processes once data and AI capabilities have been deployed. Define new data-driven business and product ideas. Define your execution roadmap, including investments. Execute the first data and AI use cases by creating your AI playbook, aiming at production readiness. Automate and scale up operations	brainstorming
Classify each of the following whether they help or hurt vision: glasses, binoculars, blindfold, sleep mask, telescope	Electronic glasses The term electronic glasses is often used to refer to low vision glasses, which are wearable, assistive technology medical devices for improving eyesight in people who are visually impaired. Binoculars Binoculars or field glasses are two refracting telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. Most binoculars are sized to be held using both hands, although sizes vary widely from opera glasses to large pedestal-mounted military models. Refracting telescope Refracting telescope is a technology that has often been applied to other optical devices, such as binoculars and zoom lenses/telephoto lens/long-focus lens. Optics and vision Glasses (also called eyeglasses or spectacles) are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes, normally for vision correction, eye protection, or for protection from UV rays. Blindfold A blindfold (from Middle English ) is a garment, usually of cloth, tied to one's head to cover the eyes to disable the wearer's sight. While a properly fitted blindfold prevents sight even if the eyes are open, a poorly tied or trick blindfold may let the wearer see around or even through the blindfold. Glasses Glasses can also provide magnification that is useful for people with vision impairments or specific occupational demands. An example would be bioptics or bioptic telescopes which have small telescopes mounted on, in, or behind their regular lenses. Newer designs use smaller lightweight telescopes, which can be embedded into the corrective glass and improve aesthetic appearance (mini telescopic spectacles). They may take the form of self-contained glasses that resemble goggles or binoculars, or may be attached to existing glasses. Image-stabilized binoculars Image-stabilized binoculars are binoculars that have a mechanism for decreasing the apparent motion of the view due to binocular movement. Binoculars Eyeglasses wearers who intend to wear their glasses when using binoculars should look for binoculars with an eye relief that is long enough so that their eyes are not behind the point of focus (also called the eyepoint). Else, their glasses will occupy the space where their eyes should be. Generally, an eye relief over 16 mm should be adequate for any eyeglass wearer. However, if glasses frames are thicker and so significantly protrude from the face, an eye relief over 17 mm should be considered. Eyeglasses wearers should also look for binoculars with twist-up eye cups that ideally have multiple settings, so they can be partially or fully retracted to adjust eye relief to individual ergonomic preferences. Binoculars One variant form was called trench binoculars, a combination of binoculars and periscope, often used for artillery spotting purposes. It projected only a few inches above the parapet, thus keeping the viewer's head safely in the trench. James A. Leonard By late 1861, Leonard was giving simultaneous exhibitions of blindfold chess, commonly on eight boards. Hazeltine referred to Leonard's wonderful blindfold séances in the Fall of 1861, the Winter and Spring of 1862. The most blindfold games that Leonard ever played simultaneously was apparently ten, in New York on November 16, 1861. He scored four wins, two draws, and four losses. The number of boards played by Leonard was close to the world record, which was then held by Louis Paulsen, who had played as many as 12 blindfold games simultaneously.	Glasses: Help Vision Binoculars: Help Vision Blindfold: Hurt Vision Sleep Mask: Hurt Vision Telescope: Help Vision	classification
Give me a comma separated list of all the organizations Henry Holst worked for based on this article.	Henry Holst String Quartet Ernest Element (2nd violin) and Frank Venton (viola) also sometimes played for the quartet. Herbert Downes left to lead his own quartet in 1935. Charles Taylor also left to found his own quartet and was replaced by Reginald Stead as second violin. Reginald Stead later became the leader of the BBC Northern Orchestra. Anthony Pini joined the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1932 and was replaced by John C Hock as cellist. The Henry Holst Quartet finally disbanded when Henry Holst formed the Philharmonia Quartet in 1941 at the instigation of Walter Legge to record for Columbia Records. Henry Holst String Quartet The move to Manchester led to the formation of the Henry Holst String Quartet with Charles Taylor (second violin), Herbert Downes (viola) and Anthony Pini (cello). The ensemble was recognised as fine quartet, touring extensively in the UK and broadcasting on BBC Radio. They played a number of times in Liverpool for the Rodewald Concert Society in the 1934 and 1937 seasons. Henry Holst String Quartet The Henry Holst String Quartet was founded by the Danish violinist Henry Holst in 1931. Holst had studied at the Royal Danish Conservatory under Axel Gade and Carl Nielsen. In 1923, he was appointed leader of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, but in 1931 he moved to Manchester as a Professor at the Royal Manchester College of Music. Philharmonia Quartet The gathering of these four very distinguished musicians resulted in some of the most dynamic chamber concertizing immediately at the end of the war. Henry Holst (b. 1899), a pupil of Axel Gade, had been leader of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra from 1923 to 1931. By 1931, Herbert Downes (1909-2004), a student of Paul Beard and Carl Flesch, held the viola desk in the Henry Holst Quartet. In 1935, Downes was leading his own quartet. Anthony Pini (1902-1989) had recorded the Schubert C major Quintet and the Brahms B flat major Sextet (No. 1) with the Pro Arte Quartet (for HMV) during the 1930s. In 1940 Herbert Downes moved to the BBC Scottish Orchestra and from there to the Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, and from 1945-1974 became principal viola of the Philharmonia Orchestra. Henry Holst and Anthony Pini were together with Louis Kentner in a 1941 Columbia Records account of the Dvořák Dumky Trio, and again with Solomon in the Beethoven Archduke Trio in 1943. The Philharmonia Quartet was performing at Manchester in 1945 (the year in which Holst began teaching at the Royal College of Music). It gave the premiere of the William Walton A minor Quartet at the Prague Spring Festival in 1947, and thereafter repeated it at home (e.g. Aberdeen Chamber Society, February 1948). Its performance in the Brahms F minor Quintet with Clifford Curzon was considered 'exhilarating'. Its 1945 Columbia Records 78rpm recording of the Mozart clarinet quintet with Reginald Kell (the earlier of Kell's versions) was highly praised. Henry Holst Holst moved to England in 1931. He founded the Henry Holst String Quartet and took up the post of professor of violin at the Royal Manchester College of Music, a position once held by his former teacher, Hess. Holst accepted invitations to play as a soloist with the Hallé and other orchestras. In a profile written in 1948 the author referred to: Ernest Element For nine years he was a member of the Philharmonia String Quartet with Henry Holst, Herbert Downes and Anthony Pini. The Quartet recorded, travelled frequently and were the first musicians to venture behind the Iron Curtain after the war, playing in the British Embassy in Prague in 1947. William Walton accompanied them. Henry Holst In addition to his work as a soloist and teacher, Holst led the Philharmonia Quartet, which was formed in 1941 to make recordings for Columbia. In 1945 he moved from Manchester to London to take up a professorship at the Royal College of Music. Henry Holst Henry Holst (25 July 1899 – 19 October 1991) was a Danish violinist. In his early career he was leader of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under Wilhelm Furtwängler. From the 1930s to the mid-1950s he was based in England, as a soloist and teacher. He held professorships at the Royal Manchester College of Music and the Royal College of Music in London. After 1954 he was based in his native Denmark, where he was professor of violin at the Royal Danish Academy of Music. Henry Holst Holst was born in Sæby, Denmark, the son of Jens Christian Holst (1856–1907) and Elvira Kath Inga Alexandra, née Jakobsen (1864–1943). Holst senior was a schoolmaster and organist, and the household was a highly musical one. In 1913 Holst was admitted to the Royal Danish Academy of Music where he studied the violin with Axel Gade and the piano and harmony under Carl Nielsen. He made his concert debut at the age of 18 playing Vieuxtemps' first violin concerto and Brahms's first violin sonata. At Gade's instigation he then studied for a year with Emil Telmányi. He moved to Berlin to study with Willy Hess. Harold Sumberg Born in Rochester, New York, he studied violin with Carl Markees, Henry Holst, and Willy Hess at the Hochschule für Musik in Berlin (now the Berlin University of the Arts). Sumberg taught for many years at the Royal Conservatory of Music (Toronto) and founded the Conservatory String Quartet in 1929.	Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Royal Manchester College of Music, Columbia Records	information_extraction
Please list the main dog predators according to the passage	Dog Although dogs are the most abundant and widely distributed terrestrial carnivores, feral and free-ranging dogs' potential to compete with other large carnivores is limited by their strong association with humans. For example, a review of the studies in dogs' competitive effects on sympatric carnivores did not mention any research on competition between dogs and wolves. Although wolves are known to kill dogs, they tend to live in pairs or in small packs in areas where they are highly persecuted, giving them a disadvantage facing large dog groups. Dog Wolves kill dogs wherever they are found together. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed. Although the numbers of dogs killed each year are relatively low, it induces a fear of wolves entering villages and farmyards to take dogs and losses of dogs to wolves have led to demands for more liberal wolf hunting regulations. Dog Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. In particular, leopards are known to have a preference for dogs and have been recorded to kill and consume them, no matter what their size. Siberian tigers in the Amur River region have killed dogs in the middle of villages. This indicates that the dogs were targeted. Amur tigers will not tolerate wolves as competitors within their territories, and the tigers could be considering dogs in the same way. Striped hyenas are known to kill dogs in their range. Wolf A review of the studies on the competitive effects of dogs on sympatric carnivores did not mention any research on competition between dogs and wolves. Competition would favour the wolf, which is known to kill dogs; however, wolves usually live in pairs or in small packs in areas with high human persecution, giving them a disadvantage when facing large groups of dogs. Guard dog Guard dogs are not restricted to mastiffs. Other dogs, like some shepherd dogs, Spitz dogs, cattle dogs and some catch dogs are also great guard dogs as well as being useful as multifunctional dogs, acting as attack dogs, personal protection dogs, police dogs, sport dogs such as schutzhund dogs, etc. Wolf Wolves kill dogs on occasion, and some wolf populations rely on dogs as an important food source. In Croatia, wolves kill more dogs than sheep, and wolves in Russia appear to limit stray dog populations. Wolves may display unusually bold behaviour when attacking dogs accompanied by people, sometimes ignoring nearby humans. Wolf attacks on dogs may occur both in house yards and in forests. Wolf attacks on hunting dogs are considered a major problem in Scandinavia and Wisconsin. The most frequently killed hunting breeds in Scandinavia are Harriers, older animals being most at risk, likely because they are less timid than younger animals, and react to the presence of wolves differently. Large hunting dogs such as Swedish Elkhounds are more likely to survive wolf attacks because of their better ability to defend themselves. Evolution of the wolf The tails of domestic dogs tend to curl upwards, which is not found in other canid. Dogs possess a domed forehead, which is easy to see in a profile view with a bulge above the orbit (the bony socket) of the eye. The temporalis muscle that closes the jaws is more robust in wolves. Compared with equally sized wolves, dogs possess 20% smaller skulls, and compared with equally weighted wolves dogs possess 20% smaller brains. The tympanic bullae are large, convex, and almost spherical in wolves, while the bullae of dogs are smaller, compressed, and slightly crumpled. Dogs have a distinctive stop between the forehead and nose. Domestic dogs are distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. Companion dog Toy dogs and companion dogs have a large overlap. However, companion dogs are not limited by size, whereas all toy dogs are small. Wolf hunting with dogs The fighting styles of wolves and dogs differ significantly; while dogs typically limit themselves to attacking the head, neck and shoulder, wolves will attack the extremities of their opponents. Bankhar Dog Bankhar dogs are a large, formidable breed with either a short or long coat in red, black, and black and tan. Darker dogs with light spots above the eyes are preferred, these are known as Mongolian Four Eye Dogs. The distinct markings help to distinguish dogs from wolves in low light conditions and Mongolian legend states that these dogs can see into the spirit world. Despite their size, they should be athletic, fast, cheerful, energetic, courageous and tireless dogs. In Buryat, they are called hotosho, which means yard wolf, and in Mongolian they are called bankhar meaning chubby, fat, fluffy. Despite this name, Bankhar dogs are not a fat breed, just big a 50-60 kilograms (110-132 lbs) with a height of up to 75 centimeters (29.5 inches.) Bankhar dogs have low calorie needs for their size. Despite their appearances, Bankhar dogs are only distantly related to the larger Tibetan Mastiff.	wolves, Coyotes, leopards, Siberian tigers, Striped hyenas	summarization
Given a reference text about the Spellenspektakel, tell me where it takes place and what games are played.	Spellenspektakel The Spellenspektakel is the largest board game convention in the Netherlands, featuring game demonstrations, tournaments and other game related activities. It focusses on traditional strategy boardgames, collectible card games, pen-and-paper role-playing games and miniatures wargames. Game publishers participate by showing and demonstrating their new releases to the public. Additionally, the Spellenspektakel hosts numerous game stores and player communities. Visitors can try any game on display and buy the ones they prefer. During the 2019 edition at the Jaarbeurs venue in Utrecht, the Spellenspektakel welcomed over 14,000 people Spellenspektakel In 2007 the Spellenspektakel was sold to Libéma and moved to the IJsselhallen in Zwolle. But after three editions with declining visitor numbers, it was cancelled in 2009. The ownership returned to 999 Games, who didn't initiate any new editions. The Spellenspektakel was acquired by Qdose B.V., subsidiary of Castlefest organiser Vana Events, and moved back to Eindhoven in 2012. As the Eindhoven venue closed down, the Spellenspektakel relocated to the Jaarbeurs in Utrecht in 2019. Spellenspektakel Established in 1992 as a small wargaming event in Eindhoven, the Spellenspektakel experienced fast-paced growth as part of Dutch game publisher 999 Games. This company invested heavily in the new collectible card game, which dominated the Spellenspektakel in the early years. After the Dutch release of Catan, boardgames enjoyed newfound popularity in the Netherlands which shifted the focus of the convention to board games as well. Gen Con Gen Con is the largest tabletop game convention in North America by both attendance and number of events. It features traditional pen-and-paper, board, and card games, including role-playing games, miniatures wargames, live action role-playing games, collectible card games, and strategy games. Gen Con also features computer games. Attendees engage in a variety of tournament and interactive game sessions. In 2019, Gen Con had nearly 70,000 unique attendees. Gaming convention A gaming convention is a gathering centered on role-playing games, collectible card games, miniatures wargames, board games, video games, or other types of games. These conventions are typically two or three days long, and often held at either a university or in a convention center hotel. Deck-building game A deck-building game is a card game or board game where construction of a deck is a main element of gameplay. Deck-building games are similar to collectible card games (CCGs) in that each player has their own deck. However, unlike CCGs, the cards are not sold in randomized packs, and the majority of the deck is built during the game, instead of before the game. Moonbreaker Moonbreaker is an upcoming turn-based strategy video game developed by Unknown Worlds Entertainment and published by Krafton. The game was released via early access on September 29, 2022 for Microsoft Windows. The game was described by the team as a digital miniatures game, as it was heavily inspired by both tabletop role-playing games and collectible card games. The game is set in an original universe created by Brandon Sanderson. Video game industry The game industry employs those experienced in other traditional businesses, but some have experience tailored to the game industry. Some of the disciplines specific to the game industry include: game programmer, game designer, level designer, game producer, game artist, and game tester. Most of these professionals are employed by video game developers or video game publishers. However, many hobbyists also produce computer games and sell them commercially. Game developers and publishers sometimes employ those with extensive or long-term experience within the modding communities. Card game A card game is any game using playing cards as the primary device with which the game is played, be they traditional or game-specific. Games Research Inc Diplomacy is a board game created by Allan B. Calhamer in 1954. Calhamer had sought unsuccessfully to have multiple board game publishers including Parker Brothers accept Diplomacy, after which he used his own money to create 500 copies of the game in 1959. He mailed copies of Diplomacy to customers, charging $6.95 for each one. Between three and seven people play the game. The game is set in Europe in 1914 with players acting as different countries' delegates who attempt to take over Europe. Games Research licensed Diplomacy in 1960 and released it in 1961. Diplomacy initially did not sell many copies. John Boardman, who enjoyed playing the game, found it challenging to find other people to play the game with. To remedy this, he made a science-fiction fanzine ad asking for people to play the game by mail with him. He played a Diplomacy game by mail in August 1963 in the inaugural Diplomacy fanzine Graustark. Four years later, 32 zines were organizing Diplomacy games by mail, which led to Games Research's beginning to advertise postal Diplomacy Games. The company inserted the zine editors' names and addresses with its copies of Diplomacy. Diplomacy had steadily mounting sales in 1972. In 1973, owing to its reputation as a classic in the adult game field, Diplomacy had annual sales of 15,000 with a cost of $8.95 per game even though Games Research did not spend money to advertise it. Diplomacy was believed to be Henry Kissinger's favorite game and included John F. Kennedy and Walter Cronkite among its enthusiast players.	The Spellenspektakel takes place in the Netherlands where board games are played.	closed_qa
Jokic or Embiid for the MVP?	Efficiency (basketball) In the 2021–22 NBA season, three players achieved this feat : Nikola Jokić (32.85), Giannis Antetokounmpo (32.05) and Joel Embiid (31.16). Jokić broke Chamberlain's record of 32.08, kept for 60 years. Philadelphia 76ers On February 10, 2022, the 76ers acquired James Harden and Paul Millsap from the Brooklyn Nets in exchange for Simmons, Andre Drummond, Seth Curry, and two first-round picks. The 2021–22 season finished with a 51–31 record, led by Embiid, Harden, and second-year shooting guard Tyrese Maxey. Embiid won the scoring title averaging 30.6 points per game. In a repeat of the previous season's MVP race, Embiid finished second in the 2021–22 NBA Most Valuable Player Award contest behind Nikola Jokić. Joel Embiid Embiid is known for his playful personality and social media presence, particularly for his trolling. He is a teetotaler. Alan Horwitz Horwitz is still friends with many former 76ers players including Andre Iguodala and Evan Turner. Horwitz is also close with Joel Embiid's family including Embiid's father and sister. Horwitz was invited by Embiid to attend the 2018 NBA All-Star Game in Los Angeles, California with Embiid's father and sister. Horwitz sometimes travels on the team's airplane to away games. Đorđe Jokić Jokić began playing football with Bane, before transferring to OFK Beograd in the 2000–01 season. In early 2005, Jokić moved to Russia and signed a three-year contract with Torpedo Moscow. Nikola Jokić Jokić is considered by many to be the greatest passing big man in NBA history. As a playmaker, Jokić uses his size and vision to set up his teammates for scores, often through a variety of no looks and unique deliveries. His techniques, in particular his one-handed passes, have drawn comparisons to those of a water polo player. Playing at a slow and deliberate pace, Jokić often pauses upon receiving the ball to survey the floor for defensive mistakes and potential openings. Nikola Jokić On May 12, Jokić was named the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for the second year in a row, beating finalists Joel Embiid and Giannis Antetokounmpo. He became the 13th player to win the award in consecutive seasons, as well as the second European player to win the award more than once, joining Antetokounmpo. On May 24, Jokić was selected to his third All-NBA First Team. He became the first player in club history to earn All-NBA team honors in four straight seasons and to have three career first-team selections, passing Hall of Fame guard David Thompson for the most in franchise history. Petar Jokić (basketball) Petar Jokić (, born 12 July 1991) is a Serbian professional basketball player who last played for KK Strumica. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Nikola Jokić For his regular season performance, Jokić won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award; in doing so, he became the first center to win the award since Shaquille O'Neal in 2000 as well as the first player in Denver Nuggets franchise history. He also became the first Serbian player, third European player overall, and sixth international player to ever win the award. Having been selected 41st overall in the 2014 NBA draft, Jokić became the lowest-drafted player in NBA history to be named MVP, as well as the first-ever player to be drafted in the second round of the common draft era (since 1966) to win the award. In addition, Jokić and Vasilije Micić became the first-ever pair of players from the same country to be awarded both NBA MVP and EuroLeague MVP honors in the same season.	I would give the MVP award to Nikola Jokic.	open_qa