Datasets:

legacy107

/

qa_wikipedia_augmented_sentence_transformer_negative_farming_128

like 0

[ "Joe Tex took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records. His mother's wish was that he graduate from high school first, and Glover agreed to wait a year before signing him at age 19. Music career Early recordings Tex recorded for King Records between 1955 and 1957 with little success.", "Yusuf Hazziez (born Joseph Arrington Jr.; August 8, 1935 – August 13, 1982), known professionally as Joe Tex, was an American singer and musician who gained success in the 1960s and 1970s with his brand of Southern soul, which mixed the styles of funk, country, gospel, and rhythm and blues. His career started after he was signed to King Records in 1955 following four wins at the Apollo Theater.", "Tex played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir. He entered several talent shows, and after an important win in Houston, he won $300 and a trip to New York City. Joe Tex took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records.", "Joe Tex was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017. Early life Joe Tex was born Joseph Arrington, Jr. in Rogers, Texas, in Bell County to Joseph Arrington and Cherie Sue (Jackson) Arrington. He and his sister Mary Sue were initially raised by their grandmother, Mary Richardson. After their parents divorced, Cheri Arrington moved to Baytown. Tex played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir.", "He went on to have four million-selling hits, \"Hold What You've Got\" (1965), \"Skinny Legs and All\" (1967), \"I Gotcha\" (1972), and \"Ain't Gonna Bump No More (With No Big Fat Woman)\" (1977). Joe Tex was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017.", "3 1966 The Love You Save (Dial/Atlantic 8124) – US No. 108 1966 I've Got to Do a Little Better (Dial/Atlantic 8133) 1967 The Best of Joe Tex (Dial/Atlantic 8144) 1968 Live and Lively (Dial/Atlantic 8156) – US No. 84 1968 Soul Country (Dial/Atlantic 8187) – US No. 154 1969 Happy Soul (Dial/Atlantic 8211) 1969 Buying a Book (Dial/Atlantic 8231) – US No.", "190 1970 With Strings and Things (Dial/Atlantic 8254) 1971 From the Roots Came the Rapper (Dial/Atlantic 8292) 1972 I Gotcha (Dial 6002) – US # 17 1972 Spill the Beans (Dial 6004) 1976 Have You Ever (Mercury Netherlands NL-6338.693) 1977 Bumps & Bruises (Epic 34666) – US No. 108 1978 Rub Down (Epic 35079) 1978 He Who Is Without Funk Cast the First Stone (Dial 6100) Chart singles See also Blues Southern soul Atlantic Records Notes References The New Musical Express Book of Rock, 1975, Star Books, External links Joe Tex – I Gotcha at superseventies.com Joe Tex – The New Boss: Dial Sessions And Dates at keepkey.yochanan.net Joe Tex becomes Muslim at Raresoul.com 1935 births 1982 deaths Ace Records (United States) artists African-American male dancers African-American dancers 20th-century African-American male singers African-American Muslims African-American male singer-songwriters American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters American funk singers American soul singers Atlantic Records artists Converts to Islam Epic Records artists People from Baytown, Texas People from Rogers, Texas Singer-songwriters from Texas People from Navasota, Texas 20th-century American dancers", "Success Tex recorded his first hit, \"Hold What You've Got\", in November 1964 at FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. He was unconvinced the song would be a hit and advised Killen not to release it. However, Killen felt otherwise and released the song in early 1965. By the time Tex got wind of its release, the song had already sold 200,000 copies.", "By then, Tex's use of rapping over his music was starting to become commonplace. In 1961, he recorded his composition \"Baby You're Right\" for Anna. Later that year, James Brown recorded a cover version, though with different lyrics and a different musical composition, gaining songwriting credit, making it a hit in 1962, and reaching number two on the R&B chart. During this time, Tex first began working with Buddy Killen, who formed the Dial Records label behind Tex." ]

[ "Tex played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir. He entered several talent shows, and after an important win in Houston, he won $300 and a trip to New York City. Joe Tex took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records.", "Yusuf Hazziez (born Joseph Arrington Jr.; August 8, 1935 – August 13, 1982), known professionally as Joe Tex, was an American singer and musician who gained success in the 1960s and 1970s with his brand of Southern soul, which mixed the styles of funk, country, gospel, and rhythm and blues. His career started after he was signed to King Records in 1955 following four wins at the Apollo Theater.", "After that, Tex withdrew from public life, settling at his ranch in Navasota, Texas, and watching football games by his favorite team, the Houston Oilers. Rivalry with James Brown The feud between Tex and fellow label mate James Brown allegedly originated sometime in the mid-1950s, when both artists were signed to associated imprints of King Records, when Brown reportedly called out on Tex for a \"battle\" during a dance at a local juke joint.", "Rivalry with James Brown The feud between Tex and fellow label mate James Brown allegedly originated sometime in the mid-1950s, when both artists were signed to associated imprints of King Records, when Brown reportedly called out on Tex for a \"battle\" during a dance at a local juke joint. In 1960, Tex left King and recorded a few songs for Detroit-based Anna Records; one of the songs he recorded was the ballad \"Baby, You're Right\".", "Joe Tex was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017. Early life Joe Tex was born Joseph Arrington, Jr. in Rogers, Texas, in Bell County to Joseph Arrington and Cherie Sue (Jackson) Arrington. He and his sister Mary Sue were initially raised by their grandmother, Mary Richardson. After their parents divorced, Cheri Arrington moved to Baytown. Tex played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir.", "He went on to have four million-selling hits, \"Hold What You've Got\" (1965), \"Skinny Legs and All\" (1967), \"I Gotcha\" (1972), and \"Ain't Gonna Bump No More (With No Big Fat Woman)\" (1977). Joe Tex was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017.", "Tex placed six top-40 charted singles on the R&B charts in 1965 alone, including two more number-one hits, \"I Want To (Do Everything For You)\" and \"A Sweet Woman Like You\". He followed that with two successive albums, Hold On To What You've Got and The New Boss. He placed more R&B hits than any artist, including his rival James Brown.", "Selected discography Albums 1964 Hold On! Selected discography Albums 1964 Hold On! It's Joe Tex (Checker Records LP-2993) 1965 Hold What You've Got (Dial Records 8106, distributed by Atlantic Records) – US Pop No. 124, US R&B No. 2 1965 The New Boss (Dial/Atlantic 8115) – US No. 142, US R&B No. 3 1966 The Love You Save (Dial/Atlantic 8124) – US No.", "By then, Tex's use of rapping over his music was starting to become commonplace. In 1961, he recorded his composition \"Baby You're Right\" for Anna. Later that year, James Brown recorded a cover version, though with different lyrics and a different musical composition, gaining songwriting credit, making it a hit in 1962, and reaching number two on the R&B chart. During this time, Tex first began working with Buddy Killen, who formed the Dial Records label behind Tex." ]

[ "Joe Tex took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records. His mother's wish was that he graduate from high school first, and Glover agreed to wait a year before signing him at age 19. Music career Early recordings Tex recorded for King Records between 1955 and 1957 with little success.", "Tex played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir. He entered several talent shows, and after an important win in Houston, he won $300 and a trip to New York City. Joe Tex took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records.", "Music career Early recordings Tex recorded for King Records between 1955 and 1957 with little success. He later claimed he sold musical rights to the composition \"Fever\" to King Records staff to get money to pay his rent. The song's credited songwriters, Otis Blackwell (who used the pseudonym John Davenport) and Joe Cooley, disputed Tex's claims. Labelmate Little Willie John had a hit with \"Fever\", which inspired Tex to write the first of his answer songs, \"Pneumonia\".", "Yusuf Hazziez (born Joseph Arrington Jr.; August 8, 1935 – August 13, 1982), known professionally as Joe Tex, was an American singer and musician who gained success in the 1960s and 1970s with his brand of Southern soul, which mixed the styles of funk, country, gospel, and rhythm and blues. His career started after he was signed to King Records in 1955 following four wins at the Apollo Theater.", "Joe Tex was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017. Early life Joe Tex was born Joseph Arrington, Jr. in Rogers, Texas, in Bell County to Joseph Arrington and Cherie Sue (Jackson) Arrington. He and his sister Mary Sue were initially raised by their grandmother, Mary Richardson. After their parents divorced, Cheri Arrington moved to Baytown. Tex played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir.", "Tex placed six top-40 charted singles on the R&B charts in 1965 alone, including two more number-one hits, \"I Want To (Do Everything For You)\" and \"A Sweet Woman Like You\". He followed that with two successive albums, Hold On To What You've Got and The New Boss. He placed more R&B hits than any artist, including his rival James Brown.", "By then, Tex's use of rapping over his music was starting to become commonplace. In 1961, he recorded his composition \"Baby You're Right\" for Anna. Later that year, James Brown recorded a cover version, though with different lyrics and a different musical composition, gaining songwriting credit, making it a hit in 1962, and reaching number two on the R&B chart. During this time, Tex first began working with Buddy Killen, who formed the Dial Records label behind Tex.", "By the time Tex got wind of its release, the song had already sold 200,000 copies. The song eventually peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Tex's first number-one hit on the R&B charts, staying on the charts for 11 weeks and selling more than a million copies by 1966.", "He went on to have four million-selling hits, \"Hold What You've Got\" (1965), \"Skinny Legs and All\" (1967), \"I Gotcha\" (1972), and \"Ain't Gonna Bump No More (With No Big Fat Woman)\" (1977). Joe Tex was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017." ]

[ "Joe Tex was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017. Early life Joe Tex was born Joseph Arrington, Jr. in Rogers, Texas, in Bell County to Joseph Arrington and Cherie Sue (Jackson) Arrington. He and his sister Mary Sue were initially raised by their grandmother, Mary Richardson. After their parents divorced, Cheri Arrington moved to Baytown. Tex played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir.", "Brown was never charged for the incident. Brown was never charged for the incident. Tex later claimed that Brown stole his dance moves and his microphone stand tricks. In a few interviews he gave in the 1960s, Tex dismissed the notion of Brown being called \"Soul Brother No. 1\", insisting that Little Willie John was the original \"Soul Brother No. 1\".", "After that, Tex withdrew from public life, settling at his ranch in Navasota, Texas, and watching football games by his favorite team, the Houston Oilers. Rivalry with James Brown The feud between Tex and fellow label mate James Brown allegedly originated sometime in the mid-1950s, when both artists were signed to associated imprints of King Records, when Brown reportedly called out on Tex for a \"battle\" during a dance at a local juke joint.", "Yusuf Hazziez (born Joseph Arrington Jr.; August 8, 1935 – August 13, 1982), known professionally as Joe Tex, was an American singer and musician who gained success in the 1960s and 1970s with his brand of Southern soul, which mixed the styles of funk, country, gospel, and rhythm and blues. His career started after he was signed to King Records in 1955 following four wins at the Apollo Theater.", "Rivalry with James Brown The feud between Tex and fellow label mate James Brown allegedly originated sometime in the mid-1950s, when both artists were signed to associated imprints of King Records, when Brown reportedly called out on Tex for a \"battle\" during a dance at a local juke joint. In 1960, Tex left King and recorded a few songs for Detroit-based Anna Records; one of the songs he recorded was the ballad \"Baby, You're Right\".", "Tex challenged Brown to contest who \"the real soul brother\" was. Brown reportedly refused the challenge, telling the Afro-American, \"I will not fight a black man. You need too much help.\" While Tex moved on from his initial feud with Brown, Brown reportedly joked, \"Who?\" in his Bobby Byrd and Hank Ballard duet \"Funky Side of Town\" from his Get on the Good Foot album when Ballard mentioned Tex's name as one of the stars of soul music.", "Joe Tex took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records. His mother's wish was that he graduate from high school first, and Glover agreed to wait a year before signing him at age 19. Music career Early recordings Tex recorded for King Records between 1955 and 1957 with little success.", "Tex played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir. He entered several talent shows, and after an important win in Houston, he won $300 and a trip to New York City. Joe Tex took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records.", "Music career Early recordings Tex recorded for King Records between 1955 and 1957 with little success. He later claimed he sold musical rights to the composition \"Fever\" to King Records staff to get money to pay his rent. The song's credited songwriters, Otis Blackwell (who used the pseudonym John Davenport) and Joe Cooley, disputed Tex's claims. Labelmate Little Willie John had a hit with \"Fever\", which inspired Tex to write the first of his answer songs, \"Pneumonia\".", "Labelmate Little Willie John had a hit with \"Fever\", which inspired Tex to write the first of his answer songs, \"Pneumonia\". In 1958, he signed with Ace and continued to have relative failures, but he was starting to build a unique stage reputation, opening for artists such as Jackie Wilson, James Brown, and Little Richard. He perfected the microphone tricks and dance moves that defined the rest of his career." ]

[ "Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish On the Origin of Species.", "He was also a prolific author who wrote on both scientific and social issues; his account of his adventures and observations during his explorations in Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, The Malay Archipelago, was both popular and highly regarded. Since its publication in 1869, it has never been out of print. Biography Early life Alfred Russel Wallace was born on 8 January 1823 in Llanbadoc, Monmouthshire. He was the eighth of nine children born to Mary Anne Wallace (née Greenell) and Thomas Vere Wallace.", "His botanical contribution, from PlantsPeoplePlanet Wallace at 100 Welsh Heroes Wallace Online. The first complete online edition of the writings of Alfred Russel Wallace 1823 births 1913 deaths 19th-century British scientists 19th-century British writers 20th-century British writers Biogeographers British anti-vaccination activists English coleopterists British deists Charles Darwin English activists English anthropologists English biologists English naturalists English people of Scottish descent English socialists English spiritualists Evolutionary biologists Explorers of Amazonia Explorers of Indonesia Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society Fellows of the Royal Society Fellows of the Zoological Society of London Geometers Georgists English lepidopterists Botanical illustrators Members of the Order of Merit Natural history of Indonesia People associated with Birkbeck, University of London People educated at Hertford Grammar School People from Broadstone, Dorset People from Grays, Essex People from Kington, Herefordshire People from Usk Philosophical theists Recipients of the Copley Medal Royal Medal winners Victorian writers", "(2008). (2008). Natural Selection and Beyond: The Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace. Oxford: Oxford University Press References Sources Vol. 1 . Vol. 2 External links The A. R. Wallace Correspondence Project Homepage The Wallace Memorial Fund's gallery of Wallace-related images Alfred Russel Wallace. His botanical contribution, from PlantsPeoplePlanet Wallace at 100 Welsh Heroes Wallace Online.", "His death was widely reported in the press. His death was widely reported in the press. The New York Times called him \"the last of the giants belonging to that wonderful group of intellectuals that included, among others, Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Lyell, and Owen, whose daring investigations revolutionised and evolutionised the thought of the century.\"", "Despite this, his fame faded quickly after his death. For a long time, he was treated as a relatively obscure figure in the history of science. A number of reasons have been suggested for this lack of attention, including his modesty, his willingness to champion unpopular causes without regard for his own reputation, and the discomfort of much of the scientific community with some of his unconventional ideas.", "He received honorary doctorates and a number of professional honours, such the Royal Society's Royal Medal and Darwin Medal in 1868 and 1890, respectively, and the Order of Merit in 1908. Above all, his role as the co-discoverer of natural selection and his work on zoogeography marked him out as an exceptional figure. He was undoubtedly one of the greatest natural history explorers of the 19th century. Despite this, his fame faded quickly after his death.", "Wallace then moved to London to board with his older brother John, a 19-year-old apprentice builder. This was a stopgap measure until William, his oldest brother, was ready to take him on as an apprentice surveyor. While in London, Alfred attended lectures and read books at the London Mechanics Institute (current Birkbeck, University of London). Here he was exposed to the radical political ideas of the Welsh social reformer Robert Owen and of Thomas Paine.", "The New York Times called him \"the last of the giants belonging to that wonderful group of intellectuals that included, among others, Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Lyell, and Owen, whose daring investigations revolutionised and evolutionised the thought of the century.\" Another commentator in the same edition said: \"No apology need be made for the few literary or scientific follies of the author of that great book on the 'Malay Archipelago'.\"", "Assessment of Wallace's role in history of evolutionary theory In many accounts of the development of evolutionary theory, Wallace is mentioned only in passing as simply being the stimulus to the publication of Darwin's own theory. In reality, Wallace developed his own distinct evolutionary views which diverged from Darwin's, and was considered by many (especially Darwin) to be a leading thinker on evolution in his day, whose ideas could not be ignored." ]

[ "Wallace and other anti-vaccinationists pointed out that vaccination, which at the time was often done in a sloppy and unsanitary manner, could be dangerous. In 1890, Wallace gave evidence before a Royal Commission investigating the controversy. When the commission examined the material he had submitted to support his testimony, they found errors, including some questionable statistics. The Lancet averred that Wallace and the other anti-vaccination activists were being selective in their choice of statistics, ignoring large quantities of data inconsistent with their position.", "Another factor in Wallace's thinking was his belief that, because of the action of natural selection, organisms were in a state of balance with their environment, and that everything in nature, even disease-causing organisms, served a useful purpose in the natural order of things; he feared vaccination might upset that natural balance with unfortunate results. Wallace and other anti-vaccinationists pointed out that vaccination, which at the time was often done in a sloppy and unsanitary manner, could be dangerous.", "Years later, in 1898, Wallace wrote a pamphlet, Vaccination a Delusion; Its Penal Enforcement a Crime, attacking the commission's findings. It, in turn, was attacked by The Lancet, which stated that it contained many of the same errors as his evidence given to the commission. Legacy and historical perception As a result of his writing, at the time of his death Wallace had been for many years a well-known figure both as a scientist and as a social activist.", "Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish On the Origin of Species.", "Evidence of this can be seen in Wallace's letters dated 22 November and 1 December 1866, to Thomas Huxley asking him if he would be interested in getting involved in scientific spiritualist investigations which Huxley, politely but emphatically, declined on the basis that he had neither the time nor the inclination. Others, such as the physiologist William Benjamin Carpenter and zoologist E. Ray Lankester became openly and publicly hostile to Wallace over the issue." ]

[ "Anti-vaccination campaign In the early 1880s, Wallace was drawn into the debate over mandatory smallpox vaccination. Wallace originally saw the issue as a matter of personal liberty; but, after studying some of the statistics provided by anti-vaccination activists, he began to question the efficacy of vaccination. At the time, the germ theory of disease was very new and far from universally accepted. Moreover, no one knew enough about the human immune system to understand why vaccination worked.", "Moreover, no one knew enough about the human immune system to understand why vaccination worked. When Wallace did some research, he discovered instances where supporters of vaccination had used questionable, in a few cases completely phony, statistics to support their arguments. Always suspicious of authority, Wallace suspected that physicians had a vested interest in promoting vaccination, and became convinced that reductions in the incidence of smallpox that had been attributed to vaccination were, in fact, due to better hygiene and improvements in public sanitation.", "Years later, in 1898, Wallace wrote a pamphlet, Vaccination a Delusion; Its Penal Enforcement a Crime, attacking the commission's findings. It, in turn, was attacked by The Lancet, which stated that it contained many of the same errors as his evidence given to the commission. Legacy and historical perception As a result of his writing, at the time of his death Wallace had been for many years a well-known figure both as a scientist and as a social activist.", "Always suspicious of authority, Wallace suspected that physicians had a vested interest in promoting vaccination, and became convinced that reductions in the incidence of smallpox that had been attributed to vaccination were, in fact, due to better hygiene and improvements in public sanitation. Another factor in Wallace's thinking was his belief that, because of the action of natural selection, organisms were in a state of balance with their environment, and that everything in nature, even disease-causing organisms, served a useful purpose in the natural order of things; he feared vaccination might upset that natural balance with unfortunate results.", "The Lancet averred that Wallace and the other anti-vaccination activists were being selective in their choice of statistics, ignoring large quantities of data inconsistent with their position. The commission found that smallpox vaccination was effective and should remain compulsory, though they did recommend some changes in procedures to improve safety, and that the penalties for people who refused to comply be made less severe. Years later, in 1898, Wallace wrote a pamphlet, Vaccination a Delusion; Its Penal Enforcement a Crime, attacking the commission's findings.", "He sued Wallace and launched a campaign, which persisted for several years, of writing letters to various publications and to organisations of which Wallace was a member denouncing him as a swindler and a thief. Wallace won multiple libel suits against Hampden, but the resulting litigation cost Wallace more than the amount of the wager, and the controversy frustrated him for years. Anti-vaccination campaign In the early 1880s, Wallace was drawn into the debate over mandatory smallpox vaccination.", "Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish On the Origin of Species.", "Evidence of this can be seen in Wallace's letters dated 22 November and 1 December 1866, to Thomas Huxley asking him if he would be interested in getting involved in scientific spiritualist investigations which Huxley, politely but emphatically, declined on the basis that he had neither the time nor the inclination. Others, such as the physiologist William Benjamin Carpenter and zoologist E. Ray Lankester became openly and publicly hostile to Wallace over the issue." ]

[ "Anti-vaccination campaign In the early 1880s, Wallace was drawn into the debate over mandatory smallpox vaccination. Wallace originally saw the issue as a matter of personal liberty; but, after studying some of the statistics provided by anti-vaccination activists, he began to question the efficacy of vaccination. At the time, the germ theory of disease was very new and far from universally accepted. Moreover, no one knew enough about the human immune system to understand why vaccination worked.", "Moreover, no one knew enough about the human immune system to understand why vaccination worked. When Wallace did some research, he discovered instances where supporters of vaccination had used questionable, in a few cases completely phony, statistics to support their arguments. Always suspicious of authority, Wallace suspected that physicians had a vested interest in promoting vaccination, and became convinced that reductions in the incidence of smallpox that had been attributed to vaccination were, in fact, due to better hygiene and improvements in public sanitation.", "He sued Wallace and launched a campaign, which persisted for several years, of writing letters to various publications and to organisations of which Wallace was a member denouncing him as a swindler and a thief. Wallace won multiple libel suits against Hampden, but the resulting litigation cost Wallace more than the amount of the wager, and the controversy frustrated him for years. Anti-vaccination campaign In the early 1880s, Wallace was drawn into the debate over mandatory smallpox vaccination.", "Always suspicious of authority, Wallace suspected that physicians had a vested interest in promoting vaccination, and became convinced that reductions in the incidence of smallpox that had been attributed to vaccination were, in fact, due to better hygiene and improvements in public sanitation. Another factor in Wallace's thinking was his belief that, because of the action of natural selection, organisms were in a state of balance with their environment, and that everything in nature, even disease-causing organisms, served a useful purpose in the natural order of things; he feared vaccination might upset that natural balance with unfortunate results.", "The Lancet averred that Wallace and the other anti-vaccination activists were being selective in their choice of statistics, ignoring large quantities of data inconsistent with their position. The commission found that smallpox vaccination was effective and should remain compulsory, though they did recommend some changes in procedures to improve safety, and that the penalties for people who refused to comply be made less severe. Years later, in 1898, Wallace wrote a pamphlet, Vaccination a Delusion; Its Penal Enforcement a Crime, attacking the commission's findings.", "Years later, in 1898, Wallace wrote a pamphlet, Vaccination a Delusion; Its Penal Enforcement a Crime, attacking the commission's findings. It, in turn, was attacked by The Lancet, which stated that it contained many of the same errors as his evidence given to the commission. Legacy and historical perception As a result of his writing, at the time of his death Wallace had been for many years a well-known figure both as a scientist and as a social activist.", "He later wrote in his autobiography: According to his autobiography, it was while he was in bed with a fever that Wallace thought about Malthus's idea of positive checks on human population and had the idea of natural selection. His autobiography says that he was on the island of Ternate at the time; but historians have said that based on his journal he was on the island of Gilolo.", "Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish On the Origin of Species." ]

[ "Moreover, no one knew enough about the human immune system to understand why vaccination worked. When Wallace did some research, he discovered instances where supporters of vaccination had used questionable, in a few cases completely phony, statistics to support their arguments. Always suspicious of authority, Wallace suspected that physicians had a vested interest in promoting vaccination, and became convinced that reductions in the incidence of smallpox that had been attributed to vaccination were, in fact, due to better hygiene and improvements in public sanitation.", "Years later, in 1898, Wallace wrote a pamphlet, Vaccination a Delusion; Its Penal Enforcement a Crime, attacking the commission's findings. It, in turn, was attacked by The Lancet, which stated that it contained many of the same errors as his evidence given to the commission. Legacy and historical perception As a result of his writing, at the time of his death Wallace had been for many years a well-known figure both as a scientist and as a social activist.", "Wallace and other anti-vaccinationists pointed out that vaccination, which at the time was often done in a sloppy and unsanitary manner, could be dangerous. In 1890, Wallace gave evidence before a Royal Commission investigating the controversy. When the commission examined the material he had submitted to support his testimony, they found errors, including some questionable statistics. The Lancet averred that Wallace and the other anti-vaccination activists were being selective in their choice of statistics, ignoring large quantities of data inconsistent with their position.", "Another factor in Wallace's thinking was his belief that, because of the action of natural selection, organisms were in a state of balance with their environment, and that everything in nature, even disease-causing organisms, served a useful purpose in the natural order of things; he feared vaccination might upset that natural balance with unfortunate results. Wallace and other anti-vaccinationists pointed out that vaccination, which at the time was often done in a sloppy and unsanitary manner, could be dangerous.", "Always suspicious of authority, Wallace suspected that physicians had a vested interest in promoting vaccination, and became convinced that reductions in the incidence of smallpox that had been attributed to vaccination were, in fact, due to better hygiene and improvements in public sanitation. Another factor in Wallace's thinking was his belief that, because of the action of natural selection, organisms were in a state of balance with their environment, and that everything in nature, even disease-causing organisms, served a useful purpose in the natural order of things; he feared vaccination might upset that natural balance with unfortunate results.", "Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish On the Origin of Species.", "Evidence of this can be seen in Wallace's letters dated 22 November and 1 December 1866, to Thomas Huxley asking him if he would be interested in getting involved in scientific spiritualist investigations which Huxley, politely but emphatically, declined on the basis that he had neither the time nor the inclination. Others, such as the physiologist William Benjamin Carpenter and zoologist E. Ray Lankester became openly and publicly hostile to Wallace over the issue.", "The Lancet averred that Wallace and the other anti-vaccination activists were being selective in their choice of statistics, ignoring large quantities of data inconsistent with their position. The commission found that smallpox vaccination was effective and should remain compulsory, though they did recommend some changes in procedures to improve safety, and that the penalties for people who refused to comply be made less severe. Years later, in 1898, Wallace wrote a pamphlet, Vaccination a Delusion; Its Penal Enforcement a Crime, attacking the commission's findings." ]

[ "He was 30 years younger than she, and later changed his name to Paul Novak. He moved in with her, and their romance continued until her death in 1980 at age 87. Novak once commented, \"I believe I was put on this Earth to take care of Mae West.\" West was a Presbyterian. West would sometimes speak of \"Mae West\" as the entertainment character she had created. Death In August 1980, West tripped while getting out of bed.", "Mae West (born Mary Jane West; August 17, 1893 – November 22, 1980) was an American stage and film actress, playwright, screenwriter, singer, and sex symbol whose entertainment career spanned over seven decades. She was known for her breezy sexual independence, and her lighthearted bawdy double entendres, often delivered in a husky contralto voice. She was active in vaudeville and on stage in New York City before moving to Los Angeles to pursue a career in the film industry.", "In 1912, she appeared in the opening performance of A Winsome Widow as a \"baby vamp\" named La Petite Daffy. She was encouraged as a performer by her mother, who, according to West, always thought that anything Mae did was fantastic. Other family members were less encouraging, including an aunt and her paternal grandmother. They are all reported as having disapproved of her career and her choices.", "In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP (William Allen & Sons, publisher), and Pleasure Man (Dell publishers) based on her 1928 play of the same name. Her autobiography, Goodness Had Nothing to Do with It, was also updated and republished in the 1970s. Mae West was a shrewd investor, produced her own stage acts, and invested her money in large tracts of land in Van Nuys, a thriving suburb of Los Angeles.", "For her contributions as a stage actor in the theater world, she has been inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. West's was among that of hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire. Public image Mae West was noted for her \"voluptuous figure\". The Mae West look has been described as \"a figure-hugging floor-length gown with a very low neckline and the figure to fill it.\" Noted features were the fishtail train and feather trim.", "Nonetheless, Mae West went on to enjoy a record-breaking success in Las Vegas, swank nightclubs such as Lou Walters's The Latin Quarter, Broadway, and London. Middle years After appearing in The Heat's On in 1943, West returned to a very active career on stage and in clubs.", "Her father and brother were also entombed there before her, and her younger sister, Beverly, was laid to rest in the last of the five crypts less than 18 months after West's death. In popular culture In the 1937 film Stand-In, the stage mother (Anne O'Neal) who has her young daughter (Marianne Edwards) auditioning for Dodd (Leslie Howard) tells her: \"Now, do the Mae West number\".", "She bucked the system by making comedy out of conventional mores, and the Depression-era audience admired her for it. When her film career ended, she wrote books and plays, and continued to perform in Las Vegas and the United Kingdom, on radio and television, and recorded rock 'n roll albums. In 1999, the American Film Institute posthumously voted West the 15th greatest female screen legend of classic American cinema.", "A private service was held at the church in Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills, on November 25, 1980. Bishop Andre Penachio, a friend, officiated at the entombment in the family mausoleum at Cypress Hills Abbey, Brooklyn, purchased in 1930 when her mother died. Her father and brother were also entombed there before her, and her younger sister, Beverly, was laid to rest in the last of the five crypts less than 18 months after West's death." ]

[ "Mae West (born Mary Jane West; August 17, 1893 – November 22, 1980) was an American stage and film actress, playwright, screenwriter, singer, and sex symbol whose entertainment career spanned over seven decades. She was known for her breezy sexual independence, and her lighthearted bawdy double entendres, often delivered in a husky contralto voice. She was active in vaudeville and on stage in New York City before moving to Los Angeles to pursue a career in the film industry.", "In 1912, she appeared in the opening performance of A Winsome Widow as a \"baby vamp\" named La Petite Daffy. She was encouraged as a performer by her mother, who, according to West, always thought that anything Mae did was fantastic. Other family members were less encouraging, including an aunt and her paternal grandmother. They are all reported as having disapproved of her career and her choices.", "Nonetheless, Mae West went on to enjoy a record-breaking success in Las Vegas, swank nightclubs such as Lou Walters's The Latin Quarter, Broadway, and London. Middle years After appearing in The Heat's On in 1943, West returned to a very active career on stage and in clubs.", "For her contributions as a stage actor in the theater world, she has been inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. West's was among that of hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire. Public image Mae West was noted for her \"voluptuous figure\". The Mae West look has been described as \"a figure-hugging floor-length gown with a very low neckline and the figure to fill it.\" Noted features were the fishtail train and feather trim.", "He was 30 years younger than she, and later changed his name to Paul Novak. He moved in with her, and their romance continued until her death in 1980 at age 87. Novak once commented, \"I believe I was put on this Earth to take care of Mae West.\" West was a Presbyterian. West would sometimes speak of \"Mae West\" as the entertainment character she had created. Death In August 1980, West tripped while getting out of bed.", "She often won prizes at local talent contests. She often won prizes at local talent contests. She began performing professionally in vaudeville in the Hal Clarendon Stock Company in 1907 at the age of 14. West first performed under the stage name \"Baby Mae\", and tried various personas, including a male impersonator. She used the alias \"Jane Mast\" early in her career.", "Broadway stage Filmography Discography Albums: 1956: The Fabulous Mae West; Decca D/DL-79016 (several reissues up to 2006) 1960: W.C. Fields His Only Recording Plus 8 Songs by Mae West; Proscenium PR 22 1966: Way Out West; Tower T/ST-5028 1966: Wild Christmas; Dragonet LPDG-48 1970: The Original Voice Tracks from Her Greatest Movies; Decca D/DL-791/76 1970: Mae West & W.C. Fields Side by Side; Harmony HS 11374/HS 11405 1972: Great Balls of Fire; MGM SE 4869 1974: Original Radio Broadcasts; Mark 56 Records 643 1987/1995: Sixteen Sultry Songs Sung by Mae West Queen of Sex; Rosetta RR 1315 1996: I'm No Angel; Jasmine CD 04980 102 2006: The Fabulous: Rev-Ola CR Rev 181 At least 21 singles (78 rpm and 45 rpm) were released from 1933 to 1973. Written works (the novel on which The Constant Sinner was based) (novelization of play) See also References External links 1893 births 1980 deaths 20th-century American actresses 20th-century American comedians 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights 20th-century American singers 20th-century American women writers 20th-century American women singers Actresses from New York (state) American burlesque performers American contraltos American film actresses American people of English descent American people of German descent American people of Irish descent American people of Scottish descent American Presbyterians American stage actresses American television actresses American vedettes American women comedians American women dramatists and playwrights American women screenwriters Burials at Cypress Hills Cemetery Illeists Musicians from Brooklyn People from Woodhaven, Queens Paramount Pictures contract players Screenwriters from New York (state) Vaudeville performers 20th-century American screenwriters", "West explained, \"The city fathers begged me not to bring the show to New York because they were not equipped to handle the commotion it would cause.\" West was an early supporter of the women's liberation movement, but said she was not a \"burn your bra\" type of feminist. Since the 1920s, she was also an early supporter of gay rights, and publicly declared against police brutality that gay men experienced.", "In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP (William Allen & Sons, publisher), and Pleasure Man (Dell publishers) based on her 1928 play of the same name. Her autobiography, Goodness Had Nothing to Do with It, was also updated and republished in the 1970s. Mae West was a shrewd investor, produced her own stage acts, and invested her money in large tracts of land in Van Nuys, a thriving suburb of Los Angeles.", "At first she did not like her small supporting role in the drama, but was appeased when she was allowed to rewrite portions of her character's dialogue. One of several revisions she made is in her first scene in Night After Night, when a hat-check girl exclaims, \"Goodness, what beautiful diamonds\", and West replies, \"Goodness had nothing to do with it, dearie.\"" ]

[ "It starred Tom Hulce and was directed by Don Scardino. After opening in late 1989, it ran for 497 performances. Sorkin continued writing Making Movies and in 1990 it debuted Off-Broadway at the Promenade Theatre, produced by John A. McQuiggan, and again directed by Don Scardino. Meanwhile, Brown was producing for TriStar Pictures, and tried to interest them in adapting A Few Good Men into a film, but his proposal was declined due to the lack of star actor involvement.", "William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay. The film, directed by Reiner, starred Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson, Demi Moore and Kevin Bacon, and was produced by Brown. A Few Good Men was released in 1992 and was a box office success, grossing $243 million worldwide. Goldman also approached Sorkin with a story premise, which Sorkin developed into the script for the thriller Malice.", "In 1988, Sorkin sold the film rights for A Few Good Men to producer David Brown before it premiered, in a deal that was reportedly \"well into six figures\". Brown had read an article in The New York Times about Sorkin's one-act play Hidden in This Picture, and found out Sorkin had a play called A Few Good Men that was having Off Broadway readings. Brown produced A Few Good Men on Broadway at the Music Box Theatre. It starred Tom Hulce and was directed by Don Scardino.", "Sorkin later returned in the series finale for a cameo appearance as a member of President Bartlet's staff. Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip In 2005, Sorkin returned to theatre; he revised his play A Few Good Men for a production at London's West End. The play opened at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in the fall of the same year and was directed by David Esbjornson, with Rob Lowe of The West Wing in the lead role.", "In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\". Writing process and style Sorkin has written for the theater, film, and television, and in each medium his level of collaboration with other creators has varied.", "The musical was expected for release in 2013–14; Sorkin said: \"The chance to collaborate with Stephen Schwartz [the director], Jack O'Brien, and Hugh Jackman on a new Broadway musical is a huge gift.\" In January 2013, he quit the project, citing film and television commitments. In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\".", "When production on A Few Good Men was completed, Sorkin resumed working on Malice right through the final shooting script. Harold Becker directed the 1993 thriller, which starred Nicole Kidman and Alec Baldwin. Malice had mixed reviews; Vincent Canby in The New York Times described the film as \"deviously entertaining from its start through its finish\". Critic Roger Ebert gave it 2 out of 4 stars, and Peter Travers in a 2000 Rolling Stone review summarized it as having \"suspense but no staying power\".", "His works include the Broadway plays A Few Good Men, The Farnsworth Invention, and To Kill a Mockingbird, as well as the television series Sports Night (1998–2000), The West Wing (1999–2006), Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip (2006–07), and The Newsroom (2012–14). He wrote the film screenplay for the legal drama A Few Good Men (1992), the comedy The American President (1995), and several biopics including Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Moneyball (2011), and Steve Jobs (2015).", "He wrote the film screenplay for the legal drama A Few Good Men (1992), the comedy The American President (1995), and several biopics including Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Moneyball (2011), and Steve Jobs (2015). For writing 2010's The Social Network, he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay." ]

[ "Sorkin wrote several drafts of the script for A Few Good Men in his Manhattan apartment, learning the craft from a book about screenplay format. He then spent several months at the Los Angeles offices of Castle Rock, working on the script with director Rob Reiner. William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay.", "It starred Tom Hulce and was directed by Don Scardino. After opening in late 1989, it ran for 497 performances. Sorkin continued writing Making Movies and in 1990 it debuted Off-Broadway at the Promenade Theatre, produced by John A. McQuiggan, and again directed by Don Scardino. Meanwhile, Brown was producing for TriStar Pictures, and tried to interest them in adapting A Few Good Men into a film, but his proposal was declined due to the lack of star actor involvement.", "In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\". Writing process and style Sorkin has written for the theater, film, and television, and in each medium his level of collaboration with other creators has varied.", "He and his roommates had purchased a Macintosh 512K; when he returned home, he would transcribe the story and notes onto the computer, forming a basis from which he wrote many drafts for A Few Good Men. In 1988, Sorkin sold the film rights for A Few Good Men to producer David Brown before it premiered, in a deal that was reportedly \"well into six figures\".", "Producer John A. McQuiggan saw the production of Hidden in This Picture and commissioned Sorkin to turn the one-act into a full-length play called Making Movies. Sorkin was inspired to write his next play, a courtroom drama called A Few Good Men, from a phone conversation with his sister Deborah, who had graduated from Boston University Law School and signed up for a three-year stint with the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps.", "Rob Reiner, a Castle Rock producing partner, opted to direct. 1991–1997: Writing for Castle Rock Entertainment Sorkin worked under contract for Castle Rock Entertainment, where he befriended colleagues William Goldman and Rob Reiner, and met his future wife Julia Bingham, who was one of Castle Rock's business affairs lawyers. Sorkin wrote several drafts of the script for A Few Good Men in his Manhattan apartment, learning the craft from a book about screenplay format.", "In 1988, Sorkin sold the film rights for A Few Good Men to producer David Brown before it premiered, in a deal that was reportedly \"well into six figures\". Brown had read an article in The New York Times about Sorkin's one-act play Hidden in This Picture, and found out Sorkin had a play called A Few Good Men that was having Off Broadway readings. Brown produced A Few Good Men on Broadway at the Music Box Theatre. It starred Tom Hulce and was directed by Don Scardino.", "Sorkin expressed hesitation for tackling the film, saying \"it was a little like writing about the Beatles—that there are so many people out there who know so much about him [Jobs] and who revere him that I just saw a minefield of disappointment. [...] Hopefully, when I'm done with my research, I'll be in the same ball park of knowledge about Steve Jobs\".", "Sorkin later returned in the series finale for a cameo appearance as a member of President Bartlet's staff. Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip In 2005, Sorkin returned to theatre; he revised his play A Few Good Men for a production at London's West End. The play opened at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in the fall of the same year and was directed by David Esbjornson, with Rob Lowe of The West Wing in the lead role.", "The musical was expected for release in 2013–14; Sorkin said: \"The chance to collaborate with Stephen Schwartz [the director], Jack O'Brien, and Hugh Jackman on a new Broadway musical is a huge gift.\" In January 2013, he quit the project, citing film and television commitments. In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\"." ]

[ "In 1988, Sorkin sold the film rights for A Few Good Men to producer David Brown before it premiered, in a deal that was reportedly \"well into six figures\". Brown had read an article in The New York Times about Sorkin's one-act play Hidden in This Picture, and found out Sorkin had a play called A Few Good Men that was having Off Broadway readings. Brown produced A Few Good Men on Broadway at the Music Box Theatre. It starred Tom Hulce and was directed by Don Scardino.", "William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay. The film, directed by Reiner, starred Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson, Demi Moore and Kevin Bacon, and was produced by Brown. A Few Good Men was released in 1992 and was a box office success, grossing $243 million worldwide. Goldman also approached Sorkin with a story premise, which Sorkin developed into the script for the thriller Malice.", "Sorkin later returned in the series finale for a cameo appearance as a member of President Bartlet's staff. Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip In 2005, Sorkin returned to theatre; he revised his play A Few Good Men for a production at London's West End. The play opened at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in the fall of the same year and was directed by David Esbjornson, with Rob Lowe of The West Wing in the lead role.", "The musical was expected for release in 2013–14; Sorkin said: \"The chance to collaborate with Stephen Schwartz [the director], Jack O'Brien, and Hugh Jackman on a new Broadway musical is a huge gift.\" In January 2013, he quit the project, citing film and television commitments. In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\".", "In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\". Writing process and style Sorkin has written for the theater, film, and television, and in each medium his level of collaboration with other creators has varied.", "His works include the Broadway plays A Few Good Men, The Farnsworth Invention, and To Kill a Mockingbird, as well as the television series Sports Night (1998–2000), The West Wing (1999–2006), Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip (2006–07), and The Newsroom (2012–14). He wrote the film screenplay for the legal drama A Few Good Men (1992), the comedy The American President (1995), and several biopics including Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Moneyball (2011), and Steve Jobs (2015).", "He and his roommates had purchased a Macintosh 512K; when he returned home, he would transcribe the story and notes onto the computer, forming a basis from which he wrote many drafts for A Few Good Men. In 1988, Sorkin sold the film rights for A Few Good Men to producer David Brown before it premiered, in a deal that was reportedly \"well into six figures\".", "When production on A Few Good Men was completed, Sorkin resumed working on Malice right through the final shooting script. Harold Becker directed the 1993 thriller, which starred Nicole Kidman and Alec Baldwin. Malice had mixed reviews; Vincent Canby in The New York Times described the film as \"deviously entertaining from its start through its finish\". Critic Roger Ebert gave it 2 out of 4 stars, and Peter Travers in a 2000 Rolling Stone review summarized it as having \"suspense but no staying power\".", "Meanwhile, Brown was producing for TriStar Pictures, and tried to interest them in adapting A Few Good Men into a film, but his proposal was declined due to the lack of star actor involvement. Brown later received a phone call from Alan Horn at Castle Rock Entertainment who was anxious to make the film. Rob Reiner, a Castle Rock producing partner, opted to direct." ]

[ "William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay. The film, directed by Reiner, starred Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson, Demi Moore and Kevin Bacon, and was produced by Brown. A Few Good Men was released in 1992 and was a box office success, grossing $243 million worldwide. Goldman also approached Sorkin with a story premise, which Sorkin developed into the script for the thriller Malice.", "Meanwhile, Brown was producing for TriStar Pictures, and tried to interest them in adapting A Few Good Men into a film, but his proposal was declined due to the lack of star actor involvement. Brown later received a phone call from Alan Horn at Castle Rock Entertainment who was anxious to make the film. Rob Reiner, a Castle Rock producing partner, opted to direct.", "Sorkin later returned in the series finale for a cameo appearance as a member of President Bartlet's staff. Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip In 2005, Sorkin returned to theatre; he revised his play A Few Good Men for a production at London's West End. The play opened at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in the fall of the same year and was directed by David Esbjornson, with Rob Lowe of The West Wing in the lead role.", "Sorkin wrote several drafts of the script for A Few Good Men in his Manhattan apartment, learning the craft from a book about screenplay format. He then spent several months at the Los Angeles offices of Castle Rock, working on the script with director Rob Reiner. William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay.", "Producer John A. McQuiggan saw the production of Hidden in This Picture and commissioned Sorkin to turn the one-act into a full-length play called Making Movies. Sorkin was inspired to write his next play, a courtroom drama called A Few Good Men, from a phone conversation with his sister Deborah, who had graduated from Boston University Law School and signed up for a three-year stint with the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps.", "When production on A Few Good Men was completed, Sorkin resumed working on Malice right through the final shooting script. Harold Becker directed the 1993 thriller, which starred Nicole Kidman and Alec Baldwin. Malice had mixed reviews; Vincent Canby in The New York Times described the film as \"deviously entertaining from its start through its finish\". Critic Roger Ebert gave it 2 out of 4 stars, and Peter Travers in a 2000 Rolling Stone review summarized it as having \"suspense but no staying power\".", "The musical was expected for release in 2013–14; Sorkin said: \"The chance to collaborate with Stephen Schwartz [the director], Jack O'Brien, and Hugh Jackman on a new Broadway musical is a huge gift.\" In January 2013, he quit the project, citing film and television commitments. In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\".", "Rob Reiner, a Castle Rock producing partner, opted to direct. 1991–1997: Writing for Castle Rock Entertainment Sorkin worked under contract for Castle Rock Entertainment, where he befriended colleagues William Goldman and Rob Reiner, and met his future wife Julia Bingham, who was one of Castle Rock's business affairs lawyers. Sorkin wrote several drafts of the script for A Few Good Men in his Manhattan apartment, learning the craft from a book about screenplay format." ]

[ "It starred Tom Hulce and was directed by Don Scardino. After opening in late 1989, it ran for 497 performances. Sorkin continued writing Making Movies and in 1990 it debuted Off-Broadway at the Promenade Theatre, produced by John A. McQuiggan, and again directed by Don Scardino. Meanwhile, Brown was producing for TriStar Pictures, and tried to interest them in adapting A Few Good Men into a film, but his proposal was declined due to the lack of star actor involvement.", "Sorkin later returned in the series finale for a cameo appearance as a member of President Bartlet's staff. Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip In 2005, Sorkin returned to theatre; he revised his play A Few Good Men for a production at London's West End. The play opened at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in the fall of the same year and was directed by David Esbjornson, with Rob Lowe of The West Wing in the lead role.", "William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay. The film, directed by Reiner, starred Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson, Demi Moore and Kevin Bacon, and was produced by Brown. A Few Good Men was released in 1992 and was a box office success, grossing $243 million worldwide. Goldman also approached Sorkin with a story premise, which Sorkin developed into the script for the thriller Malice.", "The musical was expected for release in 2013–14; Sorkin said: \"The chance to collaborate with Stephen Schwartz [the director], Jack O'Brien, and Hugh Jackman on a new Broadway musical is a huge gift.\" In January 2013, he quit the project, citing film and television commitments. In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\".", "In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\". Writing process and style Sorkin has written for the theater, film, and television, and in each medium his level of collaboration with other creators has varied.", "Sorkin wrote several drafts of the script for A Few Good Men in his Manhattan apartment, learning the craft from a book about screenplay format. He then spent several months at the Los Angeles offices of Castle Rock, working on the script with director Rob Reiner. William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay.", "Meanwhile, Brown was producing for TriStar Pictures, and tried to interest them in adapting A Few Good Men into a film, but his proposal was declined due to the lack of star actor involvement. Brown later received a phone call from Alan Horn at Castle Rock Entertainment who was anxious to make the film. Rob Reiner, a Castle Rock producing partner, opted to direct.", "His works include the Broadway plays A Few Good Men, The Farnsworth Invention, and To Kill a Mockingbird, as well as the television series Sports Night (1998–2000), The West Wing (1999–2006), Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip (2006–07), and The Newsroom (2012–14). He wrote the film screenplay for the legal drama A Few Good Men (1992), the comedy The American President (1995), and several biopics including Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Moneyball (2011), and Steve Jobs (2015).", "Producer John A. McQuiggan saw the production of Hidden in This Picture and commissioned Sorkin to turn the one-act into a full-length play called Making Movies. Sorkin was inspired to write his next play, a courtroom drama called A Few Good Men, from a phone conversation with his sister Deborah, who had graduated from Boston University Law School and signed up for a three-year stint with the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps." ]

[ "It starred Tom Hulce and was directed by Don Scardino. After opening in late 1989, it ran for 497 performances. Sorkin continued writing Making Movies and in 1990 it debuted Off-Broadway at the Promenade Theatre, produced by John A. McQuiggan, and again directed by Don Scardino. Meanwhile, Brown was producing for TriStar Pictures, and tried to interest them in adapting A Few Good Men into a film, but his proposal was declined due to the lack of star actor involvement.", "Sorkin later returned in the series finale for a cameo appearance as a member of President Bartlet's staff. Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip In 2005, Sorkin returned to theatre; he revised his play A Few Good Men for a production at London's West End. The play opened at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in the fall of the same year and was directed by David Esbjornson, with Rob Lowe of The West Wing in the lead role.", "William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay. The film, directed by Reiner, starred Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson, Demi Moore and Kevin Bacon, and was produced by Brown. A Few Good Men was released in 1992 and was a box office success, grossing $243 million worldwide. Goldman also approached Sorkin with a story premise, which Sorkin developed into the script for the thriller Malice.", "The musical was expected for release in 2013–14; Sorkin said: \"The chance to collaborate with Stephen Schwartz [the director], Jack O'Brien, and Hugh Jackman on a new Broadway musical is a huge gift.\" In January 2013, he quit the project, citing film and television commitments. In March 2016, it was announced that Sorkin would adapt A Few Good Men for a live production on NBC, originally slated to air in 2017; , \"Sorkin is still mulling the project\".", "Producer John A. McQuiggan saw the production of Hidden in This Picture and commissioned Sorkin to turn the one-act into a full-length play called Making Movies. Sorkin was inspired to write his next play, a courtroom drama called A Few Good Men, from a phone conversation with his sister Deborah, who had graduated from Boston University Law School and signed up for a three-year stint with the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps.", "Meanwhile, Brown was producing for TriStar Pictures, and tried to interest them in adapting A Few Good Men into a film, but his proposal was declined due to the lack of star actor involvement. Brown later received a phone call from Alan Horn at Castle Rock Entertainment who was anxious to make the film. Rob Reiner, a Castle Rock producing partner, opted to direct.", "Sorkin wrote several drafts of the script for A Few Good Men in his Manhattan apartment, learning the craft from a book about screenplay format. He then spent several months at the Los Angeles offices of Castle Rock, working on the script with director Rob Reiner. William Goldman (who regularly worked under contract at Castle Rock) became his mentor and helped him to adapt his stage play into a screenplay.", "The film, also directed by Reiner, was critically acclaimed; Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times described it as \"genial and entertaining if not notably inspired\", and believed its most interesting aspects were the \"pipe dreams about the American political system and where it could theoretically be headed\". A Few Good Men, Malice and The American President grossed approximately $400 million worldwide. In the second half of the 1990s, Sorkin worked as a script doctor." ]

[ "Other participants at the Rodenstock tastings included Jancis Robinson, Robert M. Parker, Jr., and the then-owner of Château d'Yquem, Alexandre de Lur-Saluces. Alleged Thomas Jefferson wine bottles Finding and sales of the bottles Rodenstock had not just served wines at his annual tasting, but also bought and sold at wine auctions. In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance.", "Hardy Rodenstock (7 December 1941 in Marienwerder (Kwidzyn) – 19 May 2018 in Oberaudorf; legal name Meinhard Görke) was a publisher and manager of pop and Schlager music in Germany and a prominent wine collector, connoisseur, and trader, with a special interest in old and rare wines. He became famous for his allegedly uncanny ability to track down old and very rare wines, and for arranging extravagant wine tastings featuring these wines. It has been alleged that Rodenstock was the perpetrator of an elaborate wine fraud.", "In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance. According to Rodenstock's own account, in early 1985 he received a telephone call about a discovery of old wine bottles in Paris. The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century.", "Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented. Later the same year, on 5 December 1985, Rodenstock put one of the \"Th. J.\" bottles up for auction at Christie's in London: a bottle of 1787 Château Lafite, engraved \"1787 Lafitte Th. J.\".", "The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century. This had in itself been an interesting find for a collector of old wines, but the bottles also were engraved with the initials \"Th. J. \", which was taken as an indication that they had belonged to Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented.", "When Koch's staff couldn't find anything except Michael Broadbent's authentification of the bottles to confirm their provenance, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia was contacted. The foundation's curator replied that based on Jefferson's records, the foundation did not think that the bottles had been in the possession of Thomas Jefferson. Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock.", "It has been alleged that Rodenstock was the perpetrator of an elaborate wine fraud. In 1992, a German court found that Rodenstock had \"knowingly offered adulterated wine\" for sale. On appeal, the case was settled out of court. Rare wine tastings From 1980, Rodenstock arranged annual high-profile wine tastings of old and rare wines from his collections to which he invited friends and other prominent people.", "It is most likely the most extensive Yquem tasting to that date and it has been the subject of a book. The exclusive nature of the wine selection featured at Rodenstock's tastings is indicated by the fact that Michael Broadbent, who was considered to be the world's leading authority on old wines, had tasted many of the rarest and oldest wines at Rodenstock's tastings, in particular, most eighteenth-century wines he has tasted.", "The exclusive nature of the wine selection featured at Rodenstock's tastings is indicated by the fact that Michael Broadbent, who was considered to be the world's leading authority on old wines, had tasted many of the rarest and oldest wines at Rodenstock's tastings, in particular, most eighteenth-century wines he has tasted. Other participants at the Rodenstock tastings included Jancis Robinson, Robert M. Parker, Jr., and the then-owner of Château d'Yquem, Alexandre de Lur-Saluces.", "In May 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that the claims against Christie's were time-barred and affirmed the dismissal of the case. References Further reading Keefe, Patrick Radden, The Jefferson Bottles, The New Yorker, September 3, 2007 - How could one collector find so much rare fine wine? Stern.de: Entkorkt! Der große Weinschwindel, from Stern issue 12/2007 1941 births 2018 deaths German music publishers (people) Wine tasting German record producers People from Kwidzyn People from West Prussia Schlager musicians" ]

[ "The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century. This had in itself been an interesting find for a collector of old wines, but the bottles also were engraved with the initials \"Th. J. \", which was taken as an indication that they had belonged to Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented.", "Other participants at the Rodenstock tastings included Jancis Robinson, Robert M. Parker, Jr., and the then-owner of Château d'Yquem, Alexandre de Lur-Saluces. Alleged Thomas Jefferson wine bottles Finding and sales of the bottles Rodenstock had not just served wines at his annual tasting, but also bought and sold at wine auctions. In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance.", "bottles were sold, via other auction houses. bottles were sold, via other auction houses. Concerns about authenticity In 2005, U.S. art and wine collector Bill Koch, who had bought some of the bottles attributed to Thomas Jefferson, prepared to exhibit items from his collection at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, including the Jefferson bottles. The museum asked for provenance of the items to be displayed.", "Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented. Later the same year, on 5 December 1985, Rodenstock put one of the \"Th. J.\" bottles up for auction at Christie's in London: a bottle of 1787 Château Lafite, engraved \"1787 Lafitte Th. J.\".", "Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years. The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined.", "The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined. Book on the controversy In May 2008, a book about the controversy was published under the title The Billionaire's Vinegar, written by Benjamin Wallace.", "In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance. According to Rodenstock's own account, in early 1985 he received a telephone call about a discovery of old wine bottles in Paris. The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century.", "Hardy Rodenstock (7 December 1941 in Marienwerder (Kwidzyn) – 19 May 2018 in Oberaudorf; legal name Meinhard Görke) was a publisher and manager of pop and Schlager music in Germany and a prominent wine collector, connoisseur, and trader, with a special interest in old and rare wines. He became famous for his allegedly uncanny ability to track down old and very rare wines, and for arranging extravagant wine tastings featuring these wines. It has been alleged that Rodenstock was the perpetrator of an elaborate wine fraud." ]

[ "bottles were sold, via other auction houses. bottles were sold, via other auction houses. Concerns about authenticity In 2005, U.S. art and wine collector Bill Koch, who had bought some of the bottles attributed to Thomas Jefferson, prepared to exhibit items from his collection at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, including the Jefferson bottles. The museum asked for provenance of the items to be displayed.", "When Koch's staff couldn't find anything except Michael Broadbent's authentification of the bottles to confirm their provenance, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia was contacted. The foundation's curator replied that based on Jefferson's records, the foundation did not think that the bottles had been in the possession of Thomas Jefferson. Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock.", "The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century. This had in itself been an interesting find for a collector of old wines, but the bottles also were engraved with the initials \"Th. J. \", which was taken as an indication that they had belonged to Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented.", "Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented. Later the same year, on 5 December 1985, Rodenstock put one of the \"Th. J.\" bottles up for auction at Christie's in London: a bottle of 1787 Château Lafite, engraved \"1787 Lafitte Th. J.\".", "Other participants at the Rodenstock tastings included Jancis Robinson, Robert M. Parker, Jr., and the then-owner of Château d'Yquem, Alexandre de Lur-Saluces. Alleged Thomas Jefferson wine bottles Finding and sales of the bottles Rodenstock had not just served wines at his annual tasting, but also bought and sold at wine auctions. In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance.", "bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim. bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim. He never revealed the name of the person who sold the bottles to him, the address in Paris where the bottles were purportedly found, nor the exact number of bottles found. Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years.", "Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years. The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined.", "The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined. Book on the controversy In May 2008, a book about the controversy was published under the title The Billionaire's Vinegar, written by Benjamin Wallace." ]

[ "bottles were sold, via other auction houses. bottles were sold, via other auction houses. Concerns about authenticity In 2005, U.S. art and wine collector Bill Koch, who had bought some of the bottles attributed to Thomas Jefferson, prepared to exhibit items from his collection at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, including the Jefferson bottles. The museum asked for provenance of the items to be displayed.", "The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century. This had in itself been an interesting find for a collector of old wines, but the bottles also were engraved with the initials \"Th. J. \", which was taken as an indication that they had belonged to Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented.", "When Koch's staff couldn't find anything except Michael Broadbent's authentification of the bottles to confirm their provenance, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia was contacted. The foundation's curator replied that based on Jefferson's records, the foundation did not think that the bottles had been in the possession of Thomas Jefferson. Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock.", "Other participants at the Rodenstock tastings included Jancis Robinson, Robert M. Parker, Jr., and the then-owner of Château d'Yquem, Alexandre de Lur-Saluces. Alleged Thomas Jefferson wine bottles Finding and sales of the bottles Rodenstock had not just served wines at his annual tasting, but also bought and sold at wine auctions. In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance.", "Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years. The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined.", "Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented. Later the same year, on 5 December 1985, Rodenstock put one of the \"Th. J.\" bottles up for auction at Christie's in London: a bottle of 1787 Château Lafite, engraved \"1787 Lafitte Th. J.\".", "The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined. Book on the controversy In May 2008, a book about the controversy was published under the title The Billionaire's Vinegar, written by Benjamin Wallace.", "In 1988, Koch had bought four bottles of Château Lafite and Branne-Mouton (present-day Château Mouton-Rothschild) of the 1784 and 1787 vintages, at a U.S. wine auction house (Chicago Wine Company) and a UK rare wine dealer (Farr Vintners), and paid a total of about 500,000 U.S. dollars for them. When Koch's staff couldn't find anything except Michael Broadbent's authentification of the bottles to confirm their provenance, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia was contacted.", "In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance. According to Rodenstock's own account, in early 1985 he received a telephone call about a discovery of old wine bottles in Paris. The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century.", "bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim. bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim. He never revealed the name of the person who sold the bottles to him, the address in Paris where the bottles were purportedly found, nor the exact number of bottles found. Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years." ]

[ "Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock. After initial attempts at contacts with Rodenstock gave no significant results, Koch hired a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent to form a team to start private investigations into Rodenstock's sales of wine.", "Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years. The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined.", "bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim. bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim. He never revealed the name of the person who sold the bottles to him, the address in Paris where the bottles were purportedly found, nor the exact number of bottles found. Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years.", "When Koch's staff couldn't find anything except Michael Broadbent's authentification of the bottles to confirm their provenance, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia was contacted. The foundation's curator replied that based on Jefferson's records, the foundation did not think that the bottles had been in the possession of Thomas Jefferson. Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock.", "Görke) in a New York federal court, claiming that he had been the victim of fraud. The reason that Rodenstock personally was named as defendant, rather than Chicago Wine Company or Farr Vintners, was that Koch claimed that Rodenstock had orchestrated an ongoing scheme to defraud wine collectors. Koch's lawsuit included many results from his team's forensic investigations. This lawsuit was then the subject of many legal turns during 2007 and 2008, primarily focused on procedural and statutory issues.", "In a statement read out in open court, Random House apologised unreservedly for making the allegations, and accepted that they were untrue. It gave an undertaking not to repeat the allegations and paid Broadbent undisclosed damages. It removed the book from sale in the United Kingdom. It also was reported that Wallace was not a party to the lawsuit or settlement, that Random House would be making no changes to the book, and that it would continue to publish the book in all territories except the UK.", "Sometime later, Koch claimed to have obtained evidence that nine additional bottles in his possession, dated from 1737 to 1936, also were fakes or \"highly suspect\" and they had originated with Rodenstock. Therefore, in June 2008, Koch asked the court's permission to file a second, amended complaint. Rodenstock's position To media covering the trial, Rodenstock presented various arguments to support the authenticity of the \"Th. J.\" bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim.", "The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined. Book on the controversy In May 2008, a book about the controversy was published under the title The Billionaire's Vinegar, written by Benjamin Wallace.", "The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century. This had in itself been an interesting find for a collector of old wines, but the bottles also were engraved with the initials \"Th. J. \", which was taken as an indication that they had belonged to Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was an active œnophile and wine collector, who spent much time in France during the 1780s and whose interest in wine is well documented." ]

[ "Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock. After initial attempts at contacts with Rodenstock gave no significant results, Koch hired a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent to form a team to start private investigations into Rodenstock's sales of wine.", "bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim. bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim. He never revealed the name of the person who sold the bottles to him, the address in Paris where the bottles were purportedly found, nor the exact number of bottles found. Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years.", "Sometime later, Koch claimed to have obtained evidence that nine additional bottles in his possession, dated from 1737 to 1936, also were fakes or \"highly suspect\" and they had originated with Rodenstock. Therefore, in June 2008, Koch asked the court's permission to file a second, amended complaint. Rodenstock's position To media covering the trial, Rodenstock presented various arguments to support the authenticity of the \"Th. J.\" bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim.", "After initial attempts at contacts with Rodenstock gave no significant results, Koch hired a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent to form a team to start private investigations into Rodenstock's sales of wine. David Molyneux-Berry, former head of Sotheby's wine department was hired as a consultant, and several forensic investigations were conducted on the wines, bottles, and engravings; Koch alleges that the engravings were made with an electric power tool, which would not have been possible in the eighteenth century and would indicate modern forgery.", "When Koch's staff couldn't find anything except Michael Broadbent's authentification of the bottles to confirm their provenance, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia was contacted. The foundation's curator replied that based on Jefferson's records, the foundation did not think that the bottles had been in the possession of Thomas Jefferson. Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock.", "When Rodenstock still refused to take part in the proceedings after the lawsuit was refiled, Koch argued on 27 March 2008 that Rodenstock should be found in default. At the same time, Koch filed a lawsuit in Chicago against the Chicago Wine Company and the Chicago-based Julienne Importing Company. Sometime later, Koch claimed to have obtained evidence that nine additional bottles in his possession, dated from 1737 to 1936, also were fakes or \"highly suspect\" and they had originated with Rodenstock.", "David Molyneux-Berry, former head of Sotheby's wine department was hired as a consultant, and several forensic investigations were conducted on the wines, bottles, and engravings; Koch alleges that the engravings were made with an electric power tool, which would not have been possible in the eighteenth century and would indicate modern forgery. On 31 August 2006 Koch filed a civil lawsuit against Rodenstock (a.k.a. Görke) in a New York federal court, claiming that he had been the victim of fraud.", "Koch was given 30 days to refile his lawsuit if he was dissatisfied with the court's ruling. He did so on 11 February 2008. The refiled lawsuit attempted to address the issue of the court's jurisdiction over Rodenstock. When the case was refiled, it was not known when the court would next respond to it. When Rodenstock still refused to take part in the proceedings after the lawsuit was refiled, Koch argued on 27 March 2008 that Rodenstock should be found in default.", "In a statement read out in open court, Random House apologised unreservedly for making the allegations, and accepted that they were untrue. It gave an undertaking not to repeat the allegations and paid Broadbent undisclosed damages. It removed the book from sale in the United Kingdom. It also was reported that Wallace was not a party to the lawsuit or settlement, that Random House would be making no changes to the book, and that it would continue to publish the book in all territories except the UK." ]

[ "Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock. After initial attempts at contacts with Rodenstock gave no significant results, Koch hired a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent to form a team to start private investigations into Rodenstock's sales of wine.", "After initial attempts at contacts with Rodenstock gave no significant results, Koch hired a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent to form a team to start private investigations into Rodenstock's sales of wine. David Molyneux-Berry, former head of Sotheby's wine department was hired as a consultant, and several forensic investigations were conducted on the wines, bottles, and engravings; Koch alleges that the engravings were made with an electric power tool, which would not have been possible in the eighteenth century and would indicate modern forgery.", "In a statement read out in open court, Random House apologised unreservedly for making the allegations, and accepted that they were untrue. It gave an undertaking not to repeat the allegations and paid Broadbent undisclosed damages. It removed the book from sale in the United Kingdom. It also was reported that Wallace was not a party to the lawsuit or settlement, that Random House would be making no changes to the book, and that it would continue to publish the book in all territories except the UK.", "Görke) in a New York federal court, claiming that he had been the victim of fraud. The reason that Rodenstock personally was named as defendant, rather than Chicago Wine Company or Farr Vintners, was that Koch claimed that Rodenstock had orchestrated an ongoing scheme to defraud wine collectors. Koch's lawsuit included many results from his team's forensic investigations. This lawsuit was then the subject of many legal turns during 2007 and 2008, primarily focused on procedural and statutory issues.", "Figures ranging from \"a dozen or so\" to thirty have been quoted throughout the years. The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined.", "Details of legal turns during 2007 and 2008 Rodenstock maintained that as a German citizen living in Germany, the court had no jurisdiction over him, especially since the bottles were bought from third parties, and, that the statute of limitation should bar the case. Thus, he refused to take part in the proceedings.", "Koch was given 30 days to refile his lawsuit if he was dissatisfied with the court's ruling. He did so on 11 February 2008. The refiled lawsuit attempted to address the issue of the court's jurisdiction over Rodenstock. When the case was refiled, it was not known when the court would next respond to it. When Rodenstock still refused to take part in the proceedings after the lawsuit was refiled, Koch argued on 27 March 2008 that Rodenstock should be found in default.", "Sometime later, Koch claimed to have obtained evidence that nine additional bottles in his possession, dated from 1737 to 1936, also were fakes or \"highly suspect\" and they had originated with Rodenstock. Therefore, in June 2008, Koch asked the court's permission to file a second, amended complaint. Rodenstock's position To media covering the trial, Rodenstock presented various arguments to support the authenticity of the \"Th. J.\" bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim.", "The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined. Book on the controversy In May 2008, a book about the controversy was published under the title The Billionaire's Vinegar, written by Benjamin Wallace.", "When Rodenstock still refused to take part in the proceedings after the lawsuit was refiled, Koch argued on 27 March 2008 that Rodenstock should be found in default. At the same time, Koch filed a lawsuit in Chicago against the Chicago Wine Company and the Chicago-based Julienne Importing Company. Sometime later, Koch claimed to have obtained evidence that nine additional bottles in his possession, dated from 1737 to 1936, also were fakes or \"highly suspect\" and they had originated with Rodenstock." ]

[ "Thus, he refused to take part in the proceedings. Therefore, on 14 August 2007 the magistrate judge supervising the pretrial procedures recommended that the court should enter a default judgment against Rodenstock, provided that the case was not thrown out by the trial judge because of Rodenstock's procedural defences. On 11 January 2008 the case was thrown out of court by the judge because the court was lacking personal jurisdiction over Rodenstock as defendant. Koch was given 30 days to refile his lawsuit if he was dissatisfied with the court's ruling.", "This lawsuit was then the subject of many legal turns during 2007 and 2008, primarily focused on procedural and statutory issues. A default judgment was entered against Rodenstock in May 2010. Rodenstock refused to participate in the trial. Details of legal turns during 2007 and 2008 Rodenstock maintained that as a German citizen living in Germany, the court had no jurisdiction over him, especially since the bottles were bought from third parties, and, that the statute of limitation should bar the case.", "In a statement read out in open court, Random House apologised unreservedly for making the allegations, and accepted that they were untrue. It gave an undertaking not to repeat the allegations and paid Broadbent undisclosed damages. It removed the book from sale in the United Kingdom. It also was reported that Wallace was not a party to the lawsuit or settlement, that Random House would be making no changes to the book, and that it would continue to publish the book in all territories except the UK.", "Auctioneer Michael Broadbent, on the other hand, was unhappy with how his relationship to Rodenstock was portrayed in the book. In July 2009 it was announced that Michael Broadbent would sue Random House, the publishers of The Billionaire's Vinegar, for libel and defamation of character, on claims that the book made allegations that suggested that Broadbent had behaved in an unprofessional manner in the way in which he had auctioned some of these bottles and that his relationship and dealings with Hardy Rodenstock was suspected of being improper.", "In July 2009 it was announced that Michael Broadbent would sue Random House, the publishers of The Billionaire's Vinegar, for libel and defamation of character, on claims that the book made allegations that suggested that Broadbent had behaved in an unprofessional manner in the way in which he had auctioned some of these bottles and that his relationship and dealings with Hardy Rodenstock was suspected of being improper. The suit was filed in the United Kingdom, whose libel laws are more favourable to the defendant as the plaintiff has to demonstrate the infraction.", "The German magazine Stern, which ran a story on the Jefferson bottle controversy in March 2007, has offered Rodenstock to have bottles still in his possession analysed by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (which determined the Hitler Diaries to be faked) at their expense, but Rodenstock has declined. Book on the controversy In May 2008, a book about the controversy was published under the title The Billionaire's Vinegar, written by Benjamin Wallace.", "Sometime later, Koch claimed to have obtained evidence that nine additional bottles in his possession, dated from 1737 to 1936, also were fakes or \"highly suspect\" and they had originated with Rodenstock. Therefore, in June 2008, Koch asked the court's permission to file a second, amended complaint. Rodenstock's position To media covering the trial, Rodenstock presented various arguments to support the authenticity of the \"Th. J.\" bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim.", "Koch was given 30 days to refile his lawsuit if he was dissatisfied with the court's ruling. He did so on 11 February 2008. The refiled lawsuit attempted to address the issue of the court's jurisdiction over Rodenstock. When the case was refiled, it was not known when the court would next respond to it. When Rodenstock still refused to take part in the proceedings after the lawsuit was refiled, Koch argued on 27 March 2008 that Rodenstock should be found in default.", "Details of legal turns during 2007 and 2008 Rodenstock maintained that as a German citizen living in Germany, the court had no jurisdiction over him, especially since the bottles were bought from third parties, and, that the statute of limitation should bar the case. Thus, he refused to take part in the proceedings.", "Book on the controversy In May 2008, a book about the controversy was published under the title The Billionaire's Vinegar, written by Benjamin Wallace. In the book a tritium test and two carbon-14 tests date the wine circa 1962. Later, a cesium-137 test gave similar results. Rodenstock was not available for comments on the publication of the book. Auctioneer Michael Broadbent, on the other hand, was unhappy with how his relationship to Rodenstock was portrayed in the book." ]

[ "It has been alleged that Rodenstock was the perpetrator of an elaborate wine fraud. In 1992, a German court found that Rodenstock had \"knowingly offered adulterated wine\" for sale. On appeal, the case was settled out of court. Rare wine tastings From 1980, Rodenstock arranged annual high-profile wine tastings of old and rare wines from his collections to which he invited friends and other prominent people.", "Hardy Rodenstock (7 December 1941 in Marienwerder (Kwidzyn) – 19 May 2018 in Oberaudorf; legal name Meinhard Görke) was a publisher and manager of pop and Schlager music in Germany and a prominent wine collector, connoisseur, and trader, with a special interest in old and rare wines. He became famous for his allegedly uncanny ability to track down old and very rare wines, and for arranging extravagant wine tastings featuring these wines. It has been alleged that Rodenstock was the perpetrator of an elaborate wine fraud.", "Other participants at the Rodenstock tastings included Jancis Robinson, Robert M. Parker, Jr., and the then-owner of Château d'Yquem, Alexandre de Lur-Saluces. Alleged Thomas Jefferson wine bottles Finding and sales of the bottles Rodenstock had not just served wines at his annual tasting, but also bought and sold at wine auctions. In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance.", "Inquiries at Chicago Wine Company and Farr Vintners came up with the result that all four of Koch's bottles originated with Rodenstock. After initial attempts at contacts with Rodenstock gave no significant results, Koch hired a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent to form a team to start private investigations into Rodenstock's sales of wine.", "Görke) in a New York federal court, claiming that he had been the victim of fraud. The reason that Rodenstock personally was named as defendant, rather than Chicago Wine Company or Farr Vintners, was that Koch claimed that Rodenstock had orchestrated an ongoing scheme to defraud wine collectors. Koch's lawsuit included many results from his team's forensic investigations. This lawsuit was then the subject of many legal turns during 2007 and 2008, primarily focused on procedural and statutory issues.", "When Rodenstock still refused to take part in the proceedings after the lawsuit was refiled, Koch argued on 27 March 2008 that Rodenstock should be found in default. At the same time, Koch filed a lawsuit in Chicago against the Chicago Wine Company and the Chicago-based Julienne Importing Company. Sometime later, Koch claimed to have obtained evidence that nine additional bottles in his possession, dated from 1737 to 1936, also were fakes or \"highly suspect\" and they had originated with Rodenstock.", "In 1985, he came into possession of his most famous bottles, which later, have become the subject of considerable controversy as to their authenticity and provenance. According to Rodenstock's own account, in early 1985 he received a telephone call about a discovery of old wine bottles in Paris. The bottles had been found in a walled-up old cellar, and were engraved with vintage years from the late eighteenth century.", "It is most likely the most extensive Yquem tasting to that date and it has been the subject of a book. The exclusive nature of the wine selection featured at Rodenstock's tastings is indicated by the fact that Michael Broadbent, who was considered to be the world's leading authority on old wines, had tasted many of the rarest and oldest wines at Rodenstock's tastings, in particular, most eighteenth-century wines he has tasted.", "Sometime later, Koch claimed to have obtained evidence that nine additional bottles in his possession, dated from 1737 to 1936, also were fakes or \"highly suspect\" and they had originated with Rodenstock. Therefore, in June 2008, Koch asked the court's permission to file a second, amended complaint. Rodenstock's position To media covering the trial, Rodenstock presented various arguments to support the authenticity of the \"Th. J.\" bottles, and counter-arguments to Koch's claim." ]

[ "Final seasons in Detroit (2006–2008) In the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, Billups was chosen as a reserve, along with teammate Richard Hamilton, for the Eastern Conference, despite an injury that kept Billups out of five games early on in the season. Billups also took part in the Shooting Stars Competition alongside former Piston and Detroit Shock head coach Bill Laimbeer and Shock star Swin Cash. Team Detroit won the competition with Billups hitting the final half-court shot.", "He had been an unrestricted free agent for several days after he opted out of the previous contract, which he had signed in 2002. Billups was selected to play as a reserve in the 2008 NBA All-Star Game, along with teammates Richard Hamilton and Rasheed Wallace, an injury replacement. In the first round of the 2008 NBA playoffs, during Game 3 against the Orlando Magic, Billups injured his right hamstring when Orlando Magic guard Jameer Nelson tangled with Billup's left leg on a drive to the bucket.", "After playing college basketball with the Colorado Buffaloes, he was selected third overall in the 1997 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. A five-time NBA All-Star, a three-time All-NBA selection and two-time NBA All-Defensive selection, Billups played for the Celtics, Toronto Raptors, Denver Nuggets, Minnesota Timberwolves, Detroit Pistons, New York Knicks, and Los Angeles Clippers during his NBA career.", "He played his first game of the Nuggets' 2008–09 season on November 7, 2008. He recorded 15 points, four rebounds and three assists in 30 minutes of play in a 108–105 Nuggets' home win. Billups was the only Nugget to be selected to the 2009 NBA All-Star Game. He finished the season averaging 17.7 points and 6.4 assists per game. With Billups and Carmelo Anthony, the Nuggets accomplished a number of franchise milestones.", "He was selected to the 1995 McDonald's All-American Team but did not play due to a shoulder injury. College career For college, Billups chose the University of Colorado Boulder over Kansas, Georgia Tech, University of California-Berkeley, and Oklahoma State. He averaged 18.5 points, 5.1 assists, and 5.6 rebounds per game over his two seasons with the Buffaloes. In the 1996–97 season, he was named to the All-Big 12 Conference First Team, the Basketball Times All-American First Team, and Consensus 2nd team All-American.", "Although he captained the Pistons to a franchise best 64–18 record, they failed to make it to the NBA Finals for the first time in three years. Final seasons in Detroit (2006–2008) In the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, Billups was chosen as a reserve, along with teammate Richard Hamilton, for the Eastern Conference, despite an injury that kept Billups out of five games early on in the season.", "Coming off the bench, he along with the other new members of the team including All Star Kobe Bryant helped USA go unbeaten at the tournament held in Las Vegas and earn a spot at next Summer Olympics. On June 17, 2008, Billups announced he would not compete for a spot to be on the Olympic squad stating family reasons though he did say \"they'll be fine.", "On February 5, 2010, Billups set a career high in points with a 39-point performance in a road win over the Los Angeles Lakers with 27 of them coming from 9 three-pointers. Billups was chosen as the replacement by David Stern for injured New Orleans Hornets point guard Chris Paul at the 2010 NBA All-Star Game. During the 2010–11 season, he averaged 16.5 points, 5.3 assists, and 2.5 rebounds in 32.3 minutes per game. His .441 three-point field goal percentage was a career high.", "Clippers | 6 || 6 || 19.2 || .306 || .353 || .818 || 2.0 || 1.0 || .2 || .2 || 6.2 |- class=\"sortbottom\" | style=\"text-align:center;\" colspan=\"2\"|Career | 146 || 143 || 36.4 || .411 || .366 || .880 || 3.4 || 5.7 || 1.0 || .2 || 17.3 National team career On March 5, 2006, Billups was selected to be a part of the 2006–2008 USA Men's Senior National Team program developed to restore Team USA back to the top of the basketball world after disappointments in the 2002 FIBA World Championship and the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. After missing out in the 2006 FIBA World Championship due to personal reasons, on August 20, 2007, Billups was selected to be a part of Team USA that competed at the 2007 FIBA Americas Championship, a qualifying tournament for the Beijing Olympics." ]

[ "Final seasons in Detroit (2006–2008) In the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, Billups was chosen as a reserve, along with teammate Richard Hamilton, for the Eastern Conference, despite an injury that kept Billups out of five games early on in the season. Billups also took part in the Shooting Stars Competition alongside former Piston and Detroit Shock head coach Bill Laimbeer and Shock star Swin Cash. Team Detroit won the competition with Billups hitting the final half-court shot.", "He had been an unrestricted free agent for several days after he opted out of the previous contract, which he had signed in 2002. Billups was selected to play as a reserve in the 2008 NBA All-Star Game, along with teammates Richard Hamilton and Rasheed Wallace, an injury replacement. In the first round of the 2008 NBA playoffs, during Game 3 against the Orlando Magic, Billups injured his right hamstring when Orlando Magic guard Jameer Nelson tangled with Billup's left leg on a drive to the bucket.", "He played his first game of the Nuggets' 2008–09 season on November 7, 2008. He recorded 15 points, four rebounds and three assists in 30 minutes of play in a 108–105 Nuggets' home win. Billups was the only Nugget to be selected to the 2009 NBA All-Star Game. He finished the season averaging 17.7 points and 6.4 assists per game. With Billups and Carmelo Anthony, the Nuggets accomplished a number of franchise milestones.", "NBA career statistics Regular season |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Boston | 51 || 44 || 25.4 || .390 || .339 || .817 || 2.2 || 4.3 || 1.5 || .0 || 11.1 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Toronto | 29 || 26 || 31.7 || .349 || .316 || .919 || 2.7 || 3.3 || 1.0 || .1 || 11.3 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 45 || 41 || 33.1 || .386 || .362 || .913 || 2.1 || 3.8 || 1.3 || .3 || 13.9 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 13 || 5 || 23.5 || .337 || .171 || .841 || 2.6 || 3.0 || .8 || .2 || 8.6 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Minnesota | 77 || 33 || 23.2 || .422 || .376 || .842 || 2.1 || 3.4 || .7 || .1 || 9.3 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Minnesota | 82 || 54 || 28.7 || .423 || .394 || .885 || 2.8 || 5.5 || .8 || .2 || 12.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 74 || 74 || 31.4 || .421 || .392 || .878 || 3.7 || 3.9 || .9 || .2 || 16.2 |- | style=\"text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 78 || 78 || 35.4 || .394 || .388 || .878 || 3.5 || 5.7 || 1.1 || .1 || 16.9 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 80 || 80 || 35.8 || .442 || .426 || .898 || 3.4 || 5.8 || 1.0 || .1 || 16.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 81 || 81 || 36.1 || .418 || .433 || .894 || 3.1 || 8.6 || .9 || .1 || 18.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 70 || 70 || 36.2 || .427 || .345 || .883 || 3.4 || 7.2 || 1.2 || .2 || 17.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 78 || 78 || 32.3 || .448 || .401 || .918 || 2.7 || 6.8 || 1.3 || .2 || 17.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 2 || 2 || 35.0 || .333 || .286 || .918 || 5.0 || 7.5 || 1.5 || .5 || 12.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 77 || 77 || 35.3 || .420 || .410 || .900 || 3.0 || 6.4 || 1.2 || .2 || 17.9 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 73 || 73 || 34.1 || .418 || .386 || .910 || 3.1 || 5.6 || 1.1 || .1 || 19.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 51 || 51 || 32.3 || .438 || .441 || .923 || 2.5 || 5.3 || 1.0 || .2 || 16.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|New York | 21 || 21 || 31.6 || .403 || .328 || .902 || 3.1 || 5.5 || .9 || .1 || 17.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|L.A. Clippers | 20 || 20 || 30.4 || .364 || .384 || .895 || 2.5 || 4.0 || .5 || .2 || 15.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|L.A.", "In his first career game, Billups recorded 15 points, 2 rebounds and 4 assists in 16 minutes of playing time as a reserve in a win against the Michael Jordan-led Bulls. In his eighth career game, Billups posted a then career-high 22 points, on 5-for-14 shooting from the field and 9-for-10 from the free throw line, to go along with 3 assists and 4 steals, in a 103–99 win over the visiting Raptors. Years later, Billups reflected on his stint in Boston, commenting, \"That didn't help.", "In the pivotal Game 3 during the first round series against the Milwaukee Bucks, which was tied 1–1, Billups led all scorers with 21 points and finished the scoring for his team by sinking 4 of 4 free throws in the final 31.2 seconds. These free throws were a key part of the Pistons effort to stave off the Bucks' relentless defense which kept Detroit from scoring a normal field goal during the last 5:34.", "Clippers | 22 || 22 || 19.0 || .402 || .367 || .938 || 1.5 || 2.2 || .5 || .0 || 8.4 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 19 || 7 || 16.3 || .304 || .292 || .833 || 1.5 || 2.2 || .4 || .1 || 3.8 |- class=\"sortbottom\" | style=\"text-align:center;\" colspan=\"2\"|Career | 1043 || 937 || 31.6 || .415 || .387 || .894 || 2.9 || 5.4 || 1.0 || .2 || 15.2 |- class=\"sortbottom\" | style=\"text-align:center;\" colspan=\"2\"|All-Star | 5 || 0 || 19.0 || .455 || .320 || .750 || 2.2 || 5.0 || .4 || .0 || 10.2 Playoffs |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2001 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Minnesota | 3 || 0 || 8.7 || .167 || .000 || 1.000 || 1.7 || .7 || .0 || .0 || 1.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2002 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Minnesota | 3 || 3 || 44.7 || .451 || .400 || .700 || 5.0 || 5.7 || 1.0 || .3 || 22.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2003 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 14 || 14 || 34.6 || .374 || .310 || .933 || 3.4 || 4.7 || .6 || .1 || 18.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;\"|2004 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 23 || 23 || 38.3 || .385 || .346 || .890 || 3.0 || 5.9 || 1.3 || .1 || 16.4 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2005 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 25 || 25 || 39.4 || .428 || .349 || .893 || 4.3 || 6.5 || 1.0 || .2 || 18.7 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2006 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 18 || 18 || 39.2 || .406 || .340 || .905 || 3.4 || 6.5 || 1.2 || .1 || 17.9 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2007 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 16 || 16 || 40.6 || .435 || .389 || .832 || 3.3 || 5.7 || 1.2 || .1 || 18.6 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2008 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 15 || 15 || 32.0 || .401 || .375 || .832 || 2.9 || 5.5 || .8 || .1 || 16.1 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2009 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 16 || 16 || 38.7 || .457 || .468 || .906 || 3.8 || 6.8 || 1.3 || .3 || 20.6 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2010 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 6 || 6 || 34.5 || .446 || .355 || .881 || 2.3 || 6.3 || 1.0 || .5 || 20.6 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2011 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|New York | 1 || 1 || 35.0 || .273 || .333 || 1.000 || 2.0 || 4.0 || .0 || .0 || 10.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"|2013 | style=\"text-align:left;\"|L.A. Clippers | 6 || 6 || 19.2 || .306 || .353 || .818 || 2.0 || 1.0 || .2 || .2 || 6.2 |- class=\"sortbottom\" | style=\"text-align:center;\" colspan=\"2\"|Career | 146 || 143 || 36.4 || .411 || .366 || .880 || 3.4 || 5.7 || 1.0 || .2 || 17.3 National team career On March 5, 2006, Billups was selected to be a part of the 2006–2008 USA Men's Senior National Team program developed to restore Team USA back to the top of the basketball world after disappointments in the 2002 FIBA World Championship and the 2004 Summer Olympic Games.", "The second event was just over two weeks later on March 26. The Pistons were tied in overtime with the Atlanta Hawks 99–99 until Billups made a top-of-the-key triple with 0.5 seconds left to win the game. Billups finished with 22 points against the Hawks. In the 2003 Playoffs, the top-seed Pistons surprisingly fell behind the upstart 8-seed Orlando Magic in the first round series 3 games to 1." ]

[ "In his first career game, Billups recorded 15 points, 2 rebounds and 4 assists in 16 minutes of playing time as a reserve in a win against the Michael Jordan-led Bulls. In his eighth career game, Billups posted a then career-high 22 points, on 5-for-14 shooting from the field and 9-for-10 from the free throw line, to go along with 3 assists and 4 steals, in a 103–99 win over the visiting Raptors. Years later, Billups reflected on his stint in Boston, commenting, \"That didn't help.", "Before being hired as the head coach for the Portland Trail Blazers, they investigated this allegation and concluded it did not disqualify him from taking the role. See also List of National Basketball Association career assists leaders List of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders List of National Basketball Association career playoff assists leaders List of National Basketball Association career playoff 3-point scoring leaders List of National Basketball Association career playoff free throw scoring leaders References External links JockBio.com Biography 1976 births Living people 2010 FIBA World Championship players African-American basketball players All-American college men's basketball players American expatriate basketball people in Canada American men's basketball players Basketball players from Denver Big3 players Boston Celtics draft picks Boston Celtics players Colorado Buffaloes men's basketball players Denver Nuggets players Detroit Pistons players FIBA World Championship-winning players Los Angeles Clippers assistant coaches Los Angeles Clippers players McDonald's High School All-Americans Minnesota Timberwolves players National Basketball Association All-Stars National Basketball Association players with retired numbers New York Knicks players Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball) Point guards Portland Trail Blazers head coaches Shooting guards Sportspeople from Denver Toronto Raptors players United States men's national basketball team players 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American sportspeople American men's 3x3 basketball players", "He was selected to the 1995 McDonald's All-American Team but did not play due to a shoulder injury. College career For college, Billups chose the University of Colorado Boulder over Kansas, Georgia Tech, University of California-Berkeley, and Oklahoma State. He averaged 18.5 points, 5.1 assists, and 5.6 rebounds per game over his two seasons with the Buffaloes. In the 1996–97 season, he was named to the All-Big 12 Conference First Team, the Basketball Times All-American First Team, and Consensus 2nd team All-American.", "Billups was \"collateral damage\"—as more than one sportswriter put it—of Carmelo Anthony's desire to play in New York and the Nuggets' desire to trade Anthony before he became a free agent. \"Oh it was hard, hardest thing I've ever had to do\", Billups said. \"I had to tell my girls that daddy was traded, that he was leaving to play across the country. I told them it wasn't my choice, that nothing could be done about it. I had to go.", "He played his first game of the Nuggets' 2008–09 season on November 7, 2008. He recorded 15 points, four rebounds and three assists in 30 minutes of play in a 108–105 Nuggets' home win. Billups was the only Nugget to be selected to the 2009 NBA All-Star Game. He finished the season averaging 17.7 points and 6.4 assists per game. With Billups and Carmelo Anthony, the Nuggets accomplished a number of franchise milestones.", "On June 16, 2008, Billups appeared at Joe Louis Arena for a Barack Obama rally. The Coors Events Center has a large mural of Billups in the northeast corner of the arena as part of his \"Chauncey's Kid Roundup\" program. Sexual assault allegation In 1997, Billups and fellow former Celtic Ron Mercer were accused of sexually assaulting a woman at the home of teammate Antoine Walker.", "No criminal charges were filed, but Billups and Mercer settled a civil suit in 2000. Before being hired as the head coach for the Portland Trail Blazers, they investigated this allegation and concluded it did not disqualify him from taking the role.", "Billups would work with his more experienced teammates on shooting, scouting, decision-making and the other attributes that came with playing point guard in the NBA, such as learning to work more effectively with teammates and deciding which plays would be most beneficial for the team in a specific situation. In his first career game with the Timberwolves, Billups recorded 15 points, 2 rebounds and 5 assists in a 106–98 road win over the Houston Rockets.", "Chauncey Ray Billups (born September 25, 1976) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 17 seasons in the NBA. After playing college basketball with the Colorado Buffaloes, he was selected third overall in the 1997 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics.", "On February 22, in just his second career game with the Raptors, Billups recorded a then-career high of 27 points on 5-for-13 shooting from the field and 13-for-16 from the free throw line, to go along with 2 rebounds and 5 assists in a 113–105 win over the Vancouver Grizzlies. On March 3, Billups recorded 26 points to go along with 5 rebounds and 6 assists in a 93–108 loss to the visiting Utah Jazz." ]

[ "In his first career game, Billups recorded 15 points, 2 rebounds and 4 assists in 16 minutes of playing time as a reserve in a win against the Michael Jordan-led Bulls. In his eighth career game, Billups posted a then career-high 22 points, on 5-for-14 shooting from the field and 9-for-10 from the free throw line, to go along with 3 assists and 4 steals, in a 103–99 win over the visiting Raptors. Years later, Billups reflected on his stint in Boston, commenting, \"That didn't help.", "He was selected to the 1995 McDonald's All-American Team but did not play due to a shoulder injury. College career For college, Billups chose the University of Colorado Boulder over Kansas, Georgia Tech, University of California-Berkeley, and Oklahoma State. He averaged 18.5 points, 5.1 assists, and 5.6 rebounds per game over his two seasons with the Buffaloes. In the 1996–97 season, he was named to the All-Big 12 Conference First Team, the Basketball Times All-American First Team, and Consensus 2nd team All-American.", "On February 22, in just his second career game with the Raptors, Billups recorded a then-career high of 27 points on 5-for-13 shooting from the field and 13-for-16 from the free throw line, to go along with 2 rebounds and 5 assists in a 113–105 win over the Vancouver Grizzlies. On March 3, Billups recorded 26 points to go along with 5 rebounds and 6 assists in a 93–108 loss to the visiting Utah Jazz.", "Years later, Billups reflected on his stint in Boston, commenting, \"That didn't help. That didn't give me a chance to really slow down and listen to myself, listen to the game and what's going on. I never really had that chance. It was a recipe for disaster there.\" In addition, the Celtics coaching staff did not know whether to play him as a point guard or shooting guard. Fifty-one games later, Billups was traded to the Toronto Raptors on the trade deadline.", "4 retired by University of Colorado NBA career Boston Celtics (1997–1998) Billups was drafted third overall in the 1997 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. He did not mesh with new Celtics head coach Rick Pitino. In his first career game, Billups recorded 15 points, 2 rebounds and 4 assists in 16 minutes of playing time as a reserve in a win against the Michael Jordan-led Bulls.", "Billups quickly earned respect from Pistons fans and colleagues for his tenacious defense and clutch shooting. In 2002–03, Billups helped Detroit finish first overall in the Eastern Conference with a 50–32 regular season record. Billups earned the nickname \"Mr. Big-Shot\" during the regular season for two events. He first made a game winning three on March 9 as time expired to beat the Golden State Warriors 107–105 and Billups scored 31 points. The second event was just over two weeks later on March 26.", "NBA career statistics Regular season |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Boston | 51 || 44 || 25.4 || .390 || .339 || .817 || 2.2 || 4.3 || 1.5 || .0 || 11.1 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Toronto | 29 || 26 || 31.7 || .349 || .316 || .919 || 2.7 || 3.3 || 1.0 || .1 || 11.3 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 45 || 41 || 33.1 || .386 || .362 || .913 || 2.1 || 3.8 || 1.3 || .3 || 13.9 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 13 || 5 || 23.5 || .337 || .171 || .841 || 2.6 || 3.0 || .8 || .2 || 8.6 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Minnesota | 77 || 33 || 23.2 || .422 || .376 || .842 || 2.1 || 3.4 || .7 || .1 || 9.3 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Minnesota | 82 || 54 || 28.7 || .423 || .394 || .885 || 2.8 || 5.5 || .8 || .2 || 12.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 74 || 74 || 31.4 || .421 || .392 || .878 || 3.7 || 3.9 || .9 || .2 || 16.2 |- | style=\"text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 78 || 78 || 35.4 || .394 || .388 || .878 || 3.5 || 5.7 || 1.1 || .1 || 16.9 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 80 || 80 || 35.8 || .442 || .426 || .898 || 3.4 || 5.8 || 1.0 || .1 || 16.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 81 || 81 || 36.1 || .418 || .433 || .894 || 3.1 || 8.6 || .9 || .1 || 18.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 70 || 70 || 36.2 || .427 || .345 || .883 || 3.4 || 7.2 || 1.2 || .2 || 17.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 78 || 78 || 32.3 || .448 || .401 || .918 || 2.7 || 6.8 || 1.3 || .2 || 17.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Detroit | 2 || 2 || 35.0 || .333 || .286 || .918 || 5.0 || 7.5 || 1.5 || .5 || 12.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 77 || 77 || 35.3 || .420 || .410 || .900 || 3.0 || 6.4 || 1.2 || .2 || 17.9 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 73 || 73 || 34.1 || .418 || .386 || .910 || 3.1 || 5.6 || 1.1 || .1 || 19.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|Denver | 51 || 51 || 32.3 || .438 || .441 || .923 || 2.5 || 5.3 || 1.0 || .2 || 16.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|New York | 21 || 21 || 31.6 || .403 || .328 || .902 || 3.1 || 5.5 || .9 || .1 || 17.5 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|L.A. Clippers | 20 || 20 || 30.4 || .364 || .384 || .895 || 2.5 || 4.0 || .5 || .2 || 15.0 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\"| | style=\"text-align:left;\"|L.A.", "As a 9-seed, Billups and the Buffalos upset the 8-seed Indiana Hoosiers 80–62 but then lost to the North Carolina Tar Heels 56–73. Billups averaged 17.5 points, 5.5 rebounds, and 3.0 assists per game. College awards and honors Consensus second-team All-American (1997) All-Big 12 First Team (1997) AllBuffs.com All-Time Colorado Buffaloes Men's Basketball Team No. 4 retired by University of Colorado NBA career Boston Celtics (1997–1998) Billups was drafted third overall in the 1997 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics.", "Although he captained the Pistons to a franchise best 64–18 record, they failed to make it to the NBA Finals for the first time in three years. Final seasons in Detroit (2006–2008) In the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, Billups was chosen as a reserve, along with teammate Richard Hamilton, for the Eastern Conference, despite an injury that kept Billups out of five games early on in the season.", "Billups would work with his more experienced teammates on shooting, scouting, decision-making and the other attributes that came with playing point guard in the NBA, such as learning to work more effectively with teammates and deciding which plays would be most beneficial for the team in a specific situation. In his first career game with the Timberwolves, Billups recorded 15 points, 2 rebounds and 5 assists in a 106–98 road win over the Houston Rockets." ]

[ "Myers, Tony, Slavoj Žižek (Routledge Critical Thinkers)London: Routledge, 2003. External links Slavoj Žižek on Big Think Slavoj Žižek Faculty Page at European Graduate School Žižek's entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Žižek bibliography at Lacanian Ink magazine Column archive at The Guardian Column archive at Jacobin Wendy Brown, Costas Douzinas, Stephen Frosh, and Zizek at the London Critical Theory Summer School – Friday Debate 2012 1949 births 20th-century atheists 20th-century non-fiction writers 20th-century Slovenian philosophers 20th-century Slovenian writers 21st-century atheists 21st-century non-fiction writers 21st-century Slovenian philosophers 21st-century Slovenian writers Academics of Birkbeck, University of London Analysands of Jacques-Alain Miller Anti-capitalists Anti-consumerists Aphorists Atheist philosophers Atheist theologians Atheist writers Continental philosophers Critical theorists Criticism of capitalism Critics of Islamism Critics of multiculturalism Critics of political economy Critics of postmodernism Critics of religions Cultural critics Death of God theologians Deleuze scholars Epistemologists European Graduate School faculty Film theorists Freudo-Marxism Hegelian philosophers Jacques Lacan Liberal Democracy of Slovenia politicians Living people Logicians Maoist theorists Marxist theorists Materialists Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Metaphysicians Moral philosophers Ontologists Opinion journalists University of Ljubljana faculty Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis alumni People involved in plagiarism controversies Philosophers of art Philosophers of culture Philosophers of education Philosophers of ethics and morality Philosophers of history Philosophers of logic Philosophers of mind Philosophers of nihilism Philosophers of psychology Philosophers of religion Political philosophers Poststructuralists Slovenian anti-fascists Slovenian atheists Slovenian communists Slovenian ethicists Slovenian Marxist writers Slovenian Marxists Slovenian non-fiction writers Slovenian philosophers Slovenian psychoanalysts Slovenian socialists Slovenian sociologists Slovenian theologians Social commentators Social critics Social philosophers Theorists on Western civilization University of Ljubljana alumni Writers about activism and social change Writers about globalization Writers about the Soviet Union Yugoslav dissidents", "Slavoj Žižek ( ; ; born 21 March 1949) is a Slovenian philosopher, a researcher at the Department of Philosophy of the University of Ljubljana Faculty of Arts and international director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities of the University of London. He is also Global Eminent Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, and a Global Distinguished Professor of German at New York University.", "Žižek does not agree with critics who claim he believes in a historical necessity: There is no such thing as the Communist big Other, there's no historical necessity or teleology directing and guiding our actions. (In Slovene: \"Ni komunističnega velikega Drugega, nobene zgodovinske nujnosti ali teleologije, ki bi usmerjala in vodila naša dejanja\".)", "In the first free elections in 1990, he ran as the Liberal Democratic Party's candidate for the former four-person collective presidency of Slovenia. Despite his activity in liberal democratic projects, Žižek has continued to identify himself as a communist, and has been critical of right-wing circles, such as nationalists, conservatives, and classical liberals both in Slovenia and worldwide.", "(In Slovene: \"Ni komunističnega velikega Drugega, nobene zgodovinske nujnosti ali teleologije, ki bi usmerjala in vodila naša dejanja\".) In his book Living in the End Times, Žižek suggests that the criticism of his positions is itself ambiguous and multilateral: [...] I am attacked for being anti-Semitic and for spreading Zionist lies, for being a covert Slovene nationalist and unpatriotic traitor to my nation, for being a crypto-Stalinist defending terror and for spreading Bourgeois lies about Communism... so maybe, just maybe I am on the right path, the path of fidelity to freedom.\"", "In 1989, Žižek published his first English-language text, entitled The Sublime Object of Ideology. In this book, he departed from traditional Marxist theory to develop a more analyzed materialist conception of ideology that drew heavily on Lacanian psychoanalysis and Hegelian idealism. His theoretical work became increasingly eclectic and political in the 1990s, dealing frequently in the critical analysis of disparate forms of popular culture and making him a popular figure of the academic left. A 2005 documentary film entitled Zizek! chronicled Žižek's work.", "Despite his activity in liberal democratic projects, Žižek has continued to identify himself as a communist, and has been critical of right-wing circles, such as nationalists, conservatives, and classical liberals both in Slovenia and worldwide. He wrote that the convention center in which nationalist Slovene writers hold their conventions should be blown up, adding, \"Since we live in the time without any sense of irony, I must add I don't mean it literally.\"", "Žižek frequented the circles of dissident intellectuals, including the Heideggerian philosophers Tine Hribar and Ivo Urbančič, and published articles in alternative magazines, such as Praxis, Tribuna and Problemi, which he also edited. In 1971 he accepted a job as an assistant researcher with the promise of tenure, but was dismissed after his Master's thesis was denounced by the authorities as being \"non-Marxist\".", "His parents were atheists. His parents were atheists. He spent most of his childhood in the coastal town of Portorož, where he was exposed to Western film, theory and popular culture. When Slavoj was a teenager his family moved back to Ljubljana where he attended Bežigrad High School. Originally wanting to become a filmmaker himself, he abandoned these ambitions and chose to pursue philosophy instead. Education In 1967, during an era of liberalization in Titoist Yugoslavia, Žižek enrolled at the University of Ljubljana and studied philosophy and sociology.", "Žižek is a series editor of the Northwestern University Press series Diaeresis that publishes works that \"deal not only with philosophy, but also will intervene at the levels of ideology critique, politics, and art theory\". Politics In the late 1980s, Žižek came to public attention as a columnist for the alternative youth magazine Mladina, which was critical of Tito's policies, Yugoslav politics, especially the militarization of society." ]

[ "Myers, Tony, Slavoj Žižek (Routledge Critical Thinkers)London: Routledge, 2003. External links Slavoj Žižek on Big Think Slavoj Žižek Faculty Page at European Graduate School Žižek's entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Žižek bibliography at Lacanian Ink magazine Column archive at The Guardian Column archive at Jacobin Wendy Brown, Costas Douzinas, Stephen Frosh, and Zizek at the London Critical Theory Summer School – Friday Debate 2012 1949 births 20th-century atheists 20th-century non-fiction writers 20th-century Slovenian philosophers 20th-century Slovenian writers 21st-century atheists 21st-century non-fiction writers 21st-century Slovenian philosophers 21st-century Slovenian writers Academics of Birkbeck, University of London Analysands of Jacques-Alain Miller Anti-capitalists Anti-consumerists Aphorists Atheist philosophers Atheist theologians Atheist writers Continental philosophers Critical theorists Criticism of capitalism Critics of Islamism Critics of multiculturalism Critics of political economy Critics of postmodernism Critics of religions Cultural critics Death of God theologians Deleuze scholars Epistemologists European Graduate School faculty Film theorists Freudo-Marxism Hegelian philosophers Jacques Lacan Liberal Democracy of Slovenia politicians Living people Logicians Maoist theorists Marxist theorists Materialists Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Metaphysicians Moral philosophers Ontologists Opinion journalists University of Ljubljana faculty Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis alumni People involved in plagiarism controversies Philosophers of art Philosophers of culture Philosophers of education Philosophers of ethics and morality Philosophers of history Philosophers of logic Philosophers of mind Philosophers of nihilism Philosophers of psychology Philosophers of religion Political philosophers Poststructuralists Slovenian anti-fascists Slovenian atheists Slovenian communists Slovenian ethicists Slovenian Marxist writers Slovenian Marxists Slovenian non-fiction writers Slovenian philosophers Slovenian psychoanalysts Slovenian socialists Slovenian sociologists Slovenian theologians Social commentators Social critics Social philosophers Theorists on Western civilization University of Ljubljana alumni Writers about activism and social change Writers about globalization Writers about the Soviet Union Yugoslav dissidents", "He combines the psychoanalysis of Lacan with Hegelian philosophy. He combines the psychoanalysis of Lacan with Hegelian philosophy. Biography Early life Žižek was born in Ljubljana, PR Slovenia, Yugoslavia, into a middle-class family. His father Jože Žižek was an economist and civil servant from the region of Prekmurje in eastern Slovenia. His mother Vesna, a native of the Gorizia Hills in the Slovenian Littoral, was an accountant in a state enterprise. His parents were atheists.", "Žižek does not agree with critics who claim he believes in a historical necessity: There is no such thing as the Communist big Other, there's no historical necessity or teleology directing and guiding our actions. (In Slovene: \"Ni komunističnega velikega Drugega, nobene zgodovinske nujnosti ali teleologije, ki bi usmerjala in vodila naša dejanja\".)", "Despite his activity in liberal democratic projects, Žižek has continued to identify himself as a communist, and has been critical of right-wing circles, such as nationalists, conservatives, and classical liberals both in Slovenia and worldwide. He wrote that the convention center in which nationalist Slovene writers hold their conventions should be blown up, adding, \"Since we live in the time without any sense of irony, I must add I don't mean it literally.\"", "Slavoj Žižek ( ; ; born 21 March 1949) is a Slovenian philosopher, a researcher at the Department of Philosophy of the University of Ljubljana Faculty of Arts and international director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities of the University of London. He is also Global Eminent Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, and a Global Distinguished Professor of German at New York University.", "In 1989, Žižek published his first English-language text, entitled The Sublime Object of Ideology. In this book, he departed from traditional Marxist theory to develop a more analyzed materialist conception of ideology that drew heavily on Lacanian psychoanalysis and Hegelian idealism. His theoretical work became increasingly eclectic and political in the 1990s, dealing frequently in the critical analysis of disparate forms of popular culture and making him a popular figure of the academic left. A 2005 documentary film entitled Zizek! chronicled Žižek's work.", "His parents were atheists. His parents were atheists. He spent most of his childhood in the coastal town of Portorož, where he was exposed to Western film, theory and popular culture. When Slavoj was a teenager his family moved back to Ljubljana where he attended Bežigrad High School. Originally wanting to become a filmmaker himself, he abandoned these ambitions and chose to pursue philosophy instead. Education In 1967, during an era of liberalization in Titoist Yugoslavia, Žižek enrolled at the University of Ljubljana and studied philosophy and sociology.", "For example, Ernesto Laclau argued that \"Žižek uses class as a sort of deus ex machina to play the role of the good guy against the multicultural devils.\" The use of such analysis, however, is not systematic and draws on critical accounts of Stalinism and Maoism, as well as post-structuralism and Lacanian psychoanalysis. Žižek does not agree with critics who claim he believes in a historical necessity: There is no such thing as the Communist big Other, there's no historical necessity or teleology directing and guiding our actions.", "Žižek has argued in many of his works that \"the Balkans is the unconscious of Europe\"; he discursively links the Balkans to global capitalism and multicultural democracy and thus circumvents Balkan exceptionalism, and represents the complex social and historical realities of the Balkans as the geopolitical analogue of the psychoanalytic Real. In stark contrast to the intellectual tenets of the European \"universalist Left\" in general, and those Jürgen Habermas defined as postnational in particular, according to Žižek pro-sovereignty and pro-independence processes opened in Europe are good.", "I nonetheless deeply regret the incident.\" I nonetheless deeply regret the incident.\" Works Bibliography Filmography References Citations Works cited Canning, P. \"The Sublime Theorist of Slovenia: Peter Canning Interviews Slavoj Žižek\" in Artforum, Issue 31, March 1993, pp. 84–9. Sharpe, Matthew, Slavoj Žižek: A Little Piece of the Real, Hants: Ashgate, 2004. Parker, Ian, Slavoj Žižek: A Critical Introduction, London: Pluto Press, 2004." ]

[ "Storm, with the ability to become a flaming human with the power of flight and the ability to project fire, dubs himself the Human Torch, in tribute to the World War II-era hero of that name. In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, returning him to modern continuity.", "Romance The Human Torch has been involved in several romantic relationships throughout the years, including, but not limited to, the Inhuman Crystal, member-in-training and future Galactus herald Frankie Raye, the Skrull agent Lyja disguised as Alicia Masters, the Atlantean Namorita, Inhuman Medusa, and X-Men member Rogue. Crystal dissolved her relationship with him due to the adverse effects of pollution within population centers of Homo sapiens. Frankie Raye ended her relationship with him when she accepted Galactus' offer to become his newest herald.", "In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, returning him to modern continuity. Though a member of a world-famous team, Storm still lived primarily in Glenville and attended Glenville High School.", "Counter-Earth On Counter Earth, counterparts of the Fantastic Four hijack an experimental spaceship in order to be the first humans in space. Man-Beast negates the effects of the cosmic radiation for all of them except Reed Richards who succumbs to the effects a decade later. Johnny Storm's counterpart is revealed to have been killed by the cosmic radiation. What If? Vol. II #11 In What If? vol.", "Johnny's body is covered with a microscopically thin film of transparent plates that make him impervious to flame. When he activates his powers, fat cells beneath his skin create clean nuclear fusion and jet out between the plates as plasma which then ignites on contact with air. Periodically, Johnny enters a hibernation where his old layer of skin peels off as ash while a new layer forms underneath.", "When he is called upon to battle Otto von Doom, he kidnaps Doris and takes her with them, believing this is for her own good. Age of Apocalypse In the Age of Apocalypse, Johnny never becomes the Human Torch. Instead, he is among Reed Richards' crew, along with Ben Grimm as pilot and Johnny's sister Susan. Reed Richards attempts to evacuate a full contingent of refugees in his own experimental tran-ship, but a mutant saboteur interferes with the launch.", "When he wakes up he informs Aunt May that he does not wish to return to the Baxter Building. Aunt May decides to let him live with her, Peter and Gwen (later also adding Bobby Drake to the household as well). As to not raise suspicion and to not reveal Peters' secret identity, Aunt May comes up with the idea of coloring Johnny's hair black and changing his name to Johnny Parker, Peter's cousin. She then enrolls him and Bobby at Midtown High along with Peter and Gwen.", "His handprint is one of two — the other being his sister's — needed for launch. His rivalry with Ben Grimm now extends into much more dangerous areas, such as a potentially deadly game of 'chicken' without thought to the life of the woman in his passenger seat. After being attacked by agents of Doctor Doom, Johnny ends up going up into space on Reed's spacecraft prototype as he really had nowhere else to go. The entire launch base had been overtaken by enemy forces and it was miles to civilization." ]

[ "In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, returning him to modern continuity. Though a member of a world-famous team, Storm still lived primarily in Glenville and attended Glenville High School.", "Though a member of a world-famous team, Storm still lived primarily in Glenville and attended Glenville High School. Here he thought he maintained a secret identity, although his fellow townsfolk were well aware of his being a member of the Fantastic Four and simply humored him. This series introduced what would become the recurring Fantastic Four foes the Wizard and Paste-Pot Pete, later known as the Trapster.", "During the 2006–2007 \"Civil War\" company-wide crossover, in which the superpowered community is split over the Superhuman Registration Act, which required them to register with, and become agents of, the US government, Storm and his sister allied with the underground rebels, the Secret Avengers. Shortly afterward, during the \"Secret Invasion\" company-wide crossover, the shape-shifting extraterrestrial Skrulls intensified their clandestine infiltration of Earth. Storm was briefly reunited with his former Skrull girlfriend, Lyja.", "He then witnessed Lyja's apparent death and rescued the real Alicia from the Skrulls. Storm briefly joined his nephew Franklin Richards' Fantastic Force team, where he battled his otherdimensional counterpart, Vangaard (formerly Gaard). Lyja posed as student Laura Green and dated Storm to stay close to him; Storm recognized her when they kissed, though he did not reveal this to her until later.", "This series introduced what would become the recurring Fantastic Four foes the Wizard and Paste-Pot Pete, later known as the Trapster. In Storm's home life, Mike Snow, a member of the high-school wrestling squad, bullied Storm until an accidental flare-up of the Torch's powers scarred Snow's face. Storm dated fellow student Dorrie Evans, although she eventually grew tired of his constant disappearances and broke off their relationship. College After graduating high school, Storm enrolled at New York City's Metro College.", "For a time, Storm became the Herald of the powerful cosmic being Galactus, becoming the Invisible Boy after switching powers with his sister and teammate, Susan Richards, the Invisible Woman. During the 2006–2007 \"Civil War\" company-wide crossover, in which the superpowered community is split over the Superhuman Registration Act, which required them to register with, and become agents of, the US government, Storm and his sister allied with the underground rebels, the Secret Avengers.", "Storm, with the ability to become a flaming human with the power of flight and the ability to project fire, dubs himself the Human Torch, in tribute to the World War II-era hero of that name. In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, returning him to modern continuity.", "Around this time, Storm met and fell in love with Crystal, a member of the superpowered race the Inhumans. After their relationship ended, Crystal returned to her native city of Attilan and eventually married the superhero Quicksilver, Storm, crushed, attempted to move on, finding that his high-school girlfriend, Dorrie Evans, had married and had two children. Storm dropped out of college but remained friends with Wingfoot, who often participated in the Fantastic Four's adventures.", "College After graduating high school, Storm enrolled at New York City's Metro College. There he befriended his roommate Wyatt Wingfoot. He also met the original Human Torch of the 1930s and 1940s. Around this time, Storm met and fell in love with Crystal, a member of the superpowered race the Inhumans.", "Over the Internet, Storm meets a young woman, Cole, whom he learns is the daughter of one of the Fantastic Four's oldest enemies, the Wizard; after a confrontation with that supervillain, who escaped with Cole, Storm remained hopeful of meeting her again. For a time, Storm became the Herald of the powerful cosmic being Galactus, becoming the Invisible Boy after switching powers with his sister and teammate, Susan Richards, the Invisible Woman." ]

[ "During the 2006–2007 \"Civil War\" company-wide crossover, in which the superpowered community is split over the Superhuman Registration Act, which required them to register with, and become agents of, the US government, Storm and his sister allied with the underground rebels, the Secret Avengers. Shortly afterward, during the \"Secret Invasion\" company-wide crossover, the shape-shifting extraterrestrial Skrulls intensified their clandestine infiltration of Earth. Storm was briefly reunited with his former Skrull girlfriend, Lyja.", "In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, returning him to modern continuity. Though a member of a world-famous team, Storm still lived primarily in Glenville and attended Glenville High School.", "For a time, Storm became the Herald of the powerful cosmic being Galactus, becoming the Invisible Boy after switching powers with his sister and teammate, Susan Richards, the Invisible Woman. During the 2006–2007 \"Civil War\" company-wide crossover, in which the superpowered community is split over the Superhuman Registration Act, which required them to register with, and become agents of, the US government, Storm and his sister allied with the underground rebels, the Secret Avengers.", "Though a member of a world-famous team, Storm still lived primarily in Glenville and attended Glenville High School. Here he thought he maintained a secret identity, although his fellow townsfolk were well aware of his being a member of the Fantastic Four and simply humored him. This series introduced what would become the recurring Fantastic Four foes the Wizard and Paste-Pot Pete, later known as the Trapster.", "Storm, with the ability to become a flaming human with the power of flight and the ability to project fire, dubs himself the Human Torch, in tribute to the World War II-era hero of that name. In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, returning him to modern continuity.", "College After graduating high school, Storm enrolled at New York City's Metro College. There he befriended his roommate Wyatt Wingfoot. He also met the original Human Torch of the 1930s and 1940s. Around this time, Storm met and fell in love with Crystal, a member of the superpowered race the Inhumans.", "He then witnessed Lyja's apparent death and rescued the real Alicia from the Skrulls. Storm briefly joined his nephew Franklin Richards' Fantastic Force team, where he battled his otherdimensional counterpart, Vangaard (formerly Gaard). Lyja posed as student Laura Green and dated Storm to stay close to him; Storm recognized her when they kissed, though he did not reveal this to her until later.", "He can also manipulate his flame in such a way as to shape it into rings and other forms, such as a fiery duplicate of himself that he can remotely control. Even when not engulfed in flame himself, Storm has the ability to control any fire within his immediate range of vision, causing it to increase or decrease in intensity or to move in a pattern directed by his thoughts. Additionally, he is able to absorb fire/plasma into his body with no detrimental effects.", "Fictional character biography Early life Growing up in Glenville, New York, a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed. Franklin Storm spiraled into alcoholism and financial ruin, and was imprisoned after killing a loan shark in self-defense. Johnny Storm was then raised by his older sister, Sue Storm." ]

[ "Emilie Autumn Liddell (born September 22, 1979), better known by her stage name Emilie Autumn, is an American singer-songwriter, poet, author and violinist. Autumn's musical style is described by her as \"Fairy Pop\", \"Fantasy Rock\" or \"Victoriandustrial\". It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era.", "Her mother worked as a seamstress, and she has said that her father was a German immigrant with whom she did not share a close relationship. While not musicians, her family enjoyed various genres of music. When Autumn was four years old, she started learning the violin, and later commented: \"I remember asking for a violin, but I don't remember knowing what one was. I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed.\"", "The Devil's Carnival as June / The Painted Doll Notes References External links Emilie Autumn MetalBlast.net interview, April 17, 2012. Interview with Emilie Autumn 1979 births 21st-century American poets 21st-century American singers American contraltos American electronic musicians American feminists American harpsichordists American industrial musicians American people of German descent American rock violinists American women poets Dark cabaret musicians Women rock singers Feminist musicians Living people Metropolis Records artists Singers from California Singers from Chicago People with bipolar disorder American women in electronic music Writers from California Writers from Illinois 21st-century American women singers Electric violinists 21st-century violinists Women harpsichordists Steampunk music Women in punk", "She also debuted with her poetry book Across the Sky & Other Poems in 2000, later re-released in 2005 as Your Sugar Sits Untouched with a music-accompanied audiobook. 2001–04: Enchant and collaborations As part of a recording project, Autumn traveled to Chicago, Illinois, in 2001, and decided to stay because she enjoyed the public transportation system and music scene there.", "Autumn has bipolar disorder, which she has discussed in a number of interviews. Discography Studio albums Enchant (2003) Opheliac (2006) Fight Like a Girl (2012) The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls: Behind the Musical (2018) Instrumental albums On a Day... (2000) Laced/Unlaced (2007) Concert tours The Asylum Tour - 2007 The Plague Tour - 2008 The Gate Tour - 2008-2009 The Key Tour - 2009 The Door Tour - 2011 The Fight Like a Girl Tour - 2011-2012 Bibliography Across the Sky & Other Poems (2000) Your Sugar Sits Untouched (2005) The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls (2009) Filmography 11-11-11 as 11'er in Video (2011) Uncredited The Devil's Carnival (2012) as Painted Doll Alleluia!", "Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature. Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer.", "I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed.\" Four years later, Autumn made her musical debut as a solo violinist performing with an orchestra, and won a competition. At the age of nine or ten, she left regular school with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist.", "Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer. Through her own independent label Traitor Records, Autumn debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, followed by the release in 2003 of her album Enchant. Autumn appeared in singer Courtney Love's backing band on her 2004 America's Sweetheart tour and returned to Europe.", "On the night of the Enchant release party, Autumn learned that Courtney Love had invited her to record an album, America's Sweetheart, and embark on the tour to promote it. Contributing violin and vocals, Autumn appeared in Love's backing band The Chelsea— along with Radio Sloan, Dvin Kirakosian, Samantha Maloney, and Lisa Leveridge—on the 2004 tour." ]

[ "Emilie Autumn Liddell (born September 22, 1979), better known by her stage name Emilie Autumn, is an American singer-songwriter, poet, author and violinist. Autumn's musical style is described by her as \"Fairy Pop\", \"Fantasy Rock\" or \"Victoriandustrial\". It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era.", "Autumn has bipolar disorder, which she has discussed in a number of interviews. Discography Studio albums Enchant (2003) Opheliac (2006) Fight Like a Girl (2012) The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls: Behind the Musical (2018) Instrumental albums On a Day... (2000) Laced/Unlaced (2007) Concert tours The Asylum Tour - 2007 The Plague Tour - 2008 The Gate Tour - 2008-2009 The Key Tour - 2009 The Door Tour - 2011 The Fight Like a Girl Tour - 2011-2012 Bibliography Across the Sky & Other Poems (2000) Your Sugar Sits Untouched (2005) The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls (2009) Filmography 11-11-11 as 11'er in Video (2011) Uncredited The Devil's Carnival (2012) as Painted Doll Alleluia!", "The Devil's Carnival as June / The Painted Doll Notes References External links Emilie Autumn MetalBlast.net interview, April 17, 2012. Interview with Emilie Autumn 1979 births 21st-century American poets 21st-century American singers American contraltos American electronic musicians American feminists American harpsichordists American industrial musicians American people of German descent American rock violinists American women poets Dark cabaret musicians Women rock singers Feminist musicians Living people Metropolis Records artists Singers from California Singers from Chicago People with bipolar disorder American women in electronic music Writers from California Writers from Illinois 21st-century American women singers Electric violinists 21st-century violinists Women harpsichordists Steampunk music Women in punk", "I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed.\" Four years later, Autumn made her musical debut as a solo violinist performing with an orchestra, and won a competition. At the age of nine or ten, she left regular school with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist.", "On the night of the Enchant release party, Autumn learned that Courtney Love had invited her to record an album, America's Sweetheart, and embark on the tour to promote it. Contributing violin and vocals, Autumn appeared in Love's backing band The Chelsea— along with Radio Sloan, Dvin Kirakosian, Samantha Maloney, and Lisa Leveridge—on the 2004 tour.", "She also debuted with her poetry book Across the Sky & Other Poems in 2000, later re-released in 2005 as Your Sugar Sits Untouched with a music-accompanied audiobook. 2001–04: Enchant and collaborations As part of a recording project, Autumn traveled to Chicago, Illinois, in 2001, and decided to stay because she enjoyed the public transportation system and music scene there.", "Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer. Through her own independent label Traitor Records, Autumn debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, followed by the release in 2003 of her album Enchant. Autumn appeared in singer Courtney Love's backing band on her 2004 America's Sweetheart tour and returned to Europe.", "The book combines Autumn's own real life journal entries, including those chronicling her time in a psych ward, and the diary of a fictional Victorian-era asylum inmate named \"Emily\". Autumn has said that the intent of the book was to show \"there’s very little difference from asylums for ladies in 1841 and the ones for us now,\" and that the subject of mental illness remains misunderstood." ]

[ "Her mother worked as a seamstress, and she has said that her father was a German immigrant with whom she did not share a close relationship. While not musicians, her family enjoyed various genres of music. When Autumn was four years old, she started learning the violin, and later commented: \"I remember asking for a violin, but I don't remember knowing what one was. I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed.\"", "Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature. Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer.", "Emilie Autumn Liddell (born September 22, 1979), better known by her stage name Emilie Autumn, is an American singer-songwriter, poet, author and violinist. Autumn's musical style is described by her as \"Fairy Pop\", \"Fantasy Rock\" or \"Victoriandustrial\". It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era.", "Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer. Through her own independent label Traitor Records, Autumn debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, followed by the release in 2003 of her album Enchant. Autumn appeared in singer Courtney Love's backing band on her 2004 America's Sweetheart tour and returned to Europe.", "Autumn has bipolar disorder, which she has discussed in a number of interviews. Discography Studio albums Enchant (2003) Opheliac (2006) Fight Like a Girl (2012) The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls: Behind the Musical (2018) Instrumental albums On a Day... (2000) Laced/Unlaced (2007) Concert tours The Asylum Tour - 2007 The Plague Tour - 2008 The Gate Tour - 2008-2009 The Key Tour - 2009 The Door Tour - 2011 The Fight Like a Girl Tour - 2011-2012 Bibliography Across the Sky & Other Poems (2000) Your Sugar Sits Untouched (2005) The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls (2009) Filmography 11-11-11 as 11'er in Video (2011) Uncredited The Devil's Carnival (2012) as Painted Doll Alleluia!", "She began writing her own music and poetry at age thirteen or fourteen, though she never planned to sing any of her songs. She studied under various teachers and attended Indiana University in Bloomington, but left after two years there, because she disagreed with the prevailing views on individuality and classical music. She believed that neither the audience nor the original composer would be insulted by the clothing and appearance of the performer.", "She practiced eight or nine hours a day, had lessons, read a wide range of literature, participated in orchestra practice, and was home-schooled. Growing up, she owned a large CD collection of \"violin concertos, symphonies, chamber music, opera, and a little jazz\". She began writing her own music and poetry at age thirteen or fourteen, though she never planned to sing any of her songs.", "It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era. Performing with her all-female backup dancers The Bloody Crumpets, Autumn incorporates elements of classical music, cabaret, electronica, and glam rock with theatrics, and burlesque. Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature." ]

[ "I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed.\" Four years later, Autumn made her musical debut as a solo violinist performing with an orchestra, and won a competition. At the age of nine or ten, she left regular school with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist.", "Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature. Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer.", "Her mother worked as a seamstress, and she has said that her father was a German immigrant with whom she did not share a close relationship. While not musicians, her family enjoyed various genres of music. When Autumn was four years old, she started learning the violin, and later commented: \"I remember asking for a violin, but I don't remember knowing what one was. I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed.\"", "Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer. Through her own independent label Traitor Records, Autumn debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, followed by the release in 2003 of her album Enchant. Autumn appeared in singer Courtney Love's backing band on her 2004 America's Sweetheart tour and returned to Europe.", "It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era. Performing with her all-female backup dancers The Bloody Crumpets, Autumn incorporates elements of classical music, cabaret, electronica, and glam rock with theatrics, and burlesque. Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature.", "It consists of her performing works for the baroque violin accompanied by Roger Lebow on the baroque cello, Edward Murray on harpsichord, and Michael Egan on lute. She considered it \"more of a demo despite its length\", and released it as \"a saleable album\" after fans who enjoyed her \"rock performances starting asking for a classical album so that they could hear more of the violin.\"", "Emilie Autumn Liddell (born September 22, 1979), better known by her stage name Emilie Autumn, is an American singer-songwriter, poet, author and violinist. Autumn's musical style is described by her as \"Fairy Pop\", \"Fantasy Rock\" or \"Victoriandustrial\". It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era.", "Through it, she debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, which she recorded in 1997 when she was seventeen years old; its title refers to the fact that the album took only a day to record. It consists of her performing works for the baroque violin accompanied by Roger Lebow on the baroque cello, Edward Murray on harpsichord, and Michael Egan on lute." ]

[ "I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed.\" Four years later, Autumn made her musical debut as a solo violinist performing with an orchestra, and won a competition. At the age of nine or ten, she left regular school with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist.", "Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature. Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer.", "At the age of nine or ten, she left regular school with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist. On her time at the school, she remarked, \"I hated it anyway, what with the status as 'weird,' 'antisocial,' and the physical threats, there seemed to be no reason to go anymore, so I just didn't.\" She practiced eight or nine hours a day, had lessons, read a wide range of literature, participated in orchestra practice, and was home-schooled.", "She practiced eight or nine hours a day, had lessons, read a wide range of literature, participated in orchestra practice, and was home-schooled. Growing up, she owned a large CD collection of \"violin concertos, symphonies, chamber music, opera, and a little jazz\". She began writing her own music and poetry at age thirteen or fourteen, though she never planned to sing any of her songs.", "Her mother worked as a seamstress, and she has said that her father was a German immigrant with whom she did not share a close relationship. While not musicians, her family enjoyed various genres of music. When Autumn was four years old, she started learning the violin, and later commented: \"I remember asking for a violin, but I don't remember knowing what one was. I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed.\"", "It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era. Performing with her all-female backup dancers The Bloody Crumpets, Autumn incorporates elements of classical music, cabaret, electronica, and glam rock with theatrics, and burlesque. Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature.", "Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer. Through her own independent label Traitor Records, Autumn debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, followed by the release in 2003 of her album Enchant. Autumn appeared in singer Courtney Love's backing band on her 2004 America's Sweetheart tour and returned to Europe.", "It consists of her performing works for the baroque violin accompanied by Roger Lebow on the baroque cello, Edward Murray on harpsichord, and Michael Egan on lute. She considered it \"more of a demo despite its length\", and released it as \"a saleable album\" after fans who enjoyed her \"rock performances starting asking for a classical album so that they could hear more of the violin.\"", "Emilie Autumn Liddell (born September 22, 1979), better known by her stage name Emilie Autumn, is an American singer-songwriter, poet, author and violinist. Autumn's musical style is described by her as \"Fairy Pop\", \"Fantasy Rock\" or \"Victoriandustrial\". It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era.", "Through it, she debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, which she recorded in 1997 when she was seventeen years old; its title refers to the fact that the album took only a day to record. It consists of her performing works for the baroque violin accompanied by Roger Lebow on the baroque cello, Edward Murray on harpsichord, and Michael Egan on lute." ]

[ "Death Jayewardene died of colon cancer, on 1 November 1996, aged 90, at a hospital in Colombo. He was survived by his wife, Elina, and his son, Ravi. Legacy On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy is decisively a positive one. His economic policies are often credited with saving the Sri Lankan economy from ruin. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment.", "Jayewardene saw tourism as a great industry capable of earning foreign exchange, providing avenues of mass employment, and creating a workforce which commanded high employment potential globally. He was determined to place this industry on a solid foundation, providing it a 'conceptional base and institutional support.' This was necessary to bring dynamism and cohesiveness into an industry, shunned by leaders in the past, ignored by investors who were inhibited by the lack of incentive to invest in projects which were uncertain of a satisfactory return.", "It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as president. Further reading De Silva, K. M., & Wriggins, W. H. (1988), J.R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: a political biography, University of Hawaii Press Jayewardene, J. R. (1988), My quest for peace: a collection of speeches on international affairs, Dissanayaka, T. D. S. A.", "Their only child Ravindra \"Ravi\" Vimal Jayewardene was born the year after. Having originally settled at Jayewardene's parents house Vaijantha, the Jayewardene's moved to their own house Braemar in 1938, where they remained the rest of their lives, when not holidaying at their holiday home in Mirissa. Early political career Jayewardene was attracted to national politics in his student years and developed strong nationalist views. He converted from Anglicanism to Buddhism and adopted the national dress as his formal attire. Jayewardene did not practice law for long.", "But relations between the two ethnicities heavily deteriorated during his administration and his response to these tensions and the signs of conflict has been heavily criticized. President Jayewardene saw these differences between the Sinhalese and Tamils as being ''an unbridgeable gap''. Jayewardene said in an interview with the Daily Telegraph, 11 July 1983, \"Really, if I starve the Tamils out, the Sinhala people will be happy\" in reference to the widespread anti-Tamil sentiments among the Sinhalese at that time.", "An attempt was made on Jayewardene's life in 1987 as a result of his signing of the accord. Young, deprived Sinhalese soon rose in a revolt, organized by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) which was eventually put down by the government by 1989. Foreign policy In contrast with his predecessor, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Jayewardena's foreign policy was aligned with American policies (earning him the nickname 'Yankie Dickie') much to the chagrin of India.", "His victory is credited to his use of an anti-Christian campaign against his opponent, the nationalist E. W. Perera. During World War II, Jayewardene, along with other nationalists, contacted the Japanese and discussed a rebellion to drive the British from the island. In 1944, Jayewardene moved a motion in the State Council that Sinhala alone should replace English as the official language.", "In later life, he served as president, Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka; President, Sinhalese Sports Club; and Secretary, Royal College Union. Following the family tradition, Jayewardene entered the University College, Colombo in 1926 pursuing the Advocate's course, reading English, Latin, Logic and Economics for two years, after which he entered Ceylon Law College in 1928. He formed the College Union based on that of the Oxford Union with assistance of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike who had recently return to Ceylon.", "Education and early career Jayewardene gained admission to Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education. There he excelled in sports, played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925; captained the rugby team in 1924 at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (which later became known as the Bradby Shield Encounter); he was the vice captain of the football team in 1924; and was a member of the boxing team winning sports colours." ]

[ "It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as president. Further reading De Silva, K. M., & Wriggins, W. H. (1988), J.R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: a political biography, University of Hawaii Press Jayewardene, J. R. (1988), My quest for peace: a collection of speeches on international affairs, Dissanayaka, T. D. S. A.", "William K. Steven of The New York Times observes, ''President Jayawardene's economic policies were credited with transforming the economy from one of scarcity to one of abundance.'' On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country but were not overly volatile. But relations between the two ethnicities heavily deteriorated during his administration and his response to these tensions and the signs of conflict has been heavily criticized.", "Jayewardene saw tourism as a great industry capable of earning foreign exchange, providing avenues of mass employment, and creating a workforce which commanded high employment potential globally. He was determined to place this industry on a solid foundation, providing it a 'conceptional base and institutional support.' This was necessary to bring dynamism and cohesiveness into an industry, shunned by leaders in the past, ignored by investors who were inhibited by the lack of incentive to invest in projects which were uncertain of a satisfactory return.", "But relations between the two ethnicities heavily deteriorated during his administration and his response to these tensions and the signs of conflict has been heavily criticized. President Jayewardene saw these differences between the Sinhalese and Tamils as being ''an unbridgeable gap''. Jayewardene said in an interview with the Daily Telegraph, 11 July 1983, \"Really, if I starve the Tamils out, the Sinhala people will be happy\" in reference to the widespread anti-Tamil sentiments among the Sinhalese at that time.", "His victory is credited to his use of an anti-Christian campaign against his opponent, the nationalist E. W. Perera. During World War II, Jayewardene, along with other nationalists, contacted the Japanese and discussed a rebellion to drive the British from the island. In 1944, Jayewardene moved a motion in the State Council that Sinhala alone should replace English as the official language.", "Death Jayewardene died of colon cancer, on 1 November 1996, aged 90, at a hospital in Colombo. He was survived by his wife, Elina, and his son, Ravi. Legacy On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy is decisively a positive one. His economic policies are often credited with saving the Sri Lankan economy from ruin. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment.", "An attempt was made on Jayewardene's life in 1987 as a result of his signing of the accord. Young, deprived Sinhalese soon rose in a revolt, organized by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) which was eventually put down by the government by 1989. Foreign policy In contrast with his predecessor, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Jayewardena's foreign policy was aligned with American policies (earning him the nickname 'Yankie Dickie') much to the chagrin of India.", "A controversial figure in the history of Sri Lanka, while the open economic system he introduced in 1978 brought the country out of the economic turmoil Sri Lanka was facing as the result of the preceding closed economic policies, Jayawardene's actions, including his response to the Black July riots of 1983, have been accused of contributing to the beginnings of the Sri Lankan Civil War. Early life and marriage Childhood Born to a prominent Ceylonese family with a strong association with the legal profession, Jayewardene was the eldest of twelve children, of Hon.", "In later life, he served as president, Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka; President, Sinhalese Sports Club; and Secretary, Royal College Union. Following the family tradition, Jayewardene entered the University College, Colombo in 1926 pursuing the Advocate's course, reading English, Latin, Logic and Economics for two years, after which he entered Ceylon Law College in 1928. He formed the College Union based on that of the Oxford Union with assistance of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike who had recently return to Ceylon." ]

[ "Jayewardene saw tourism as a great industry capable of earning foreign exchange, providing avenues of mass employment, and creating a workforce which commanded high employment potential globally. He was determined to place this industry on a solid foundation, providing it a 'conceptional base and institutional support.' This was necessary to bring dynamism and cohesiveness into an industry, shunned by leaders in the past, ignored by investors who were inhibited by the lack of incentive to invest in projects which were uncertain of a satisfactory return.", "It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as president. Further reading De Silva, K. M., & Wriggins, W. H. (1988), J.R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: a political biography, University of Hawaii Press Jayewardene, J. R. (1988), My quest for peace: a collection of speeches on international affairs, Dissanayaka, T. D. S. A.", "77 of 1988 by Parliament at the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo. It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as president.", "Death Jayewardene died of colon cancer, on 1 November 1996, aged 90, at a hospital in Colombo. He was survived by his wife, Elina, and his son, Ravi. Legacy On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy is decisively a positive one. His economic policies are often credited with saving the Sri Lankan economy from ruin. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment.", "Their only child Ravindra \"Ravi\" Vimal Jayewardene was born the year after. Having originally settled at Jayewardene's parents house Vaijantha, the Jayewardene's moved to their own house Braemar in 1938, where they remained the rest of their lives, when not holidaying at their holiday home in Mirissa. Early political career Jayewardene was attracted to national politics in his student years and developed strong nationalist views. He converted from Anglicanism to Buddhism and adopted the national dress as his formal attire. Jayewardene did not practice law for long.", "Education and early career Jayewardene gained admission to Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education. There he excelled in sports, played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925; captained the rugby team in 1924 at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (which later became known as the Bradby Shield Encounter); he was the vice captain of the football team in 1924; and was a member of the boxing team winning sports colours.", "An attempt was made on Jayewardene's life in 1987 as a result of his signing of the accord. Young, deprived Sinhalese soon rose in a revolt, organized by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) which was eventually put down by the government by 1989. Foreign policy In contrast with his predecessor, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Jayewardena's foreign policy was aligned with American policies (earning him the nickname 'Yankie Dickie') much to the chagrin of India." ]

[ "Koby laughed in an interview after the game about the incident. See also Houston Astros award winners and league leaders List of Boston Red Sox award winners List of Boston Red Sox team records List of Major League Baseball annual shutout leaders List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders List of Major League Baseball players named in the Mitchell Report List of Major League Baseball single-game strikeout leaders List of people from Dayton, Ohio List of Toronto Blue Jays team records List of University of Texas at Austin alumni Major League Baseball titles leaders Toronto Blue Jays award winners and league leaders References External links Roger Clemens Foundation 1962 births Living people American expatriate baseball players in Canada American League All-Stars American League ERA champions American League Most Valuable Player Award winners American League Pitching Triple Crown winners American League strikeout champions American League wins champions American people of German descent Baseball players from Dayton, Ohio Boston Red Sox players Bridgeport Bluefish guest managers Corpus Christi Hooks players Cy Young Award winners Houston Astros players Lexington Legends players Major League Baseball All-Star Game MVPs Major League Baseball controversies Major League Baseball pitchers National League All-Stars National League ERA champions New Britain Red Sox players New York Yankees players Norwich Navigators players Pawtucket Red Sox players People from Vandalia, Ohio Round Rock Express players San Jacinto Central Ravens baseball players Sarasota Red Sox players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players Sugar Land Skeeters players Tampa Yankees players Texas Longhorns baseball players Texas Republicans Trenton Thunder players Toronto Blue Jays players Winter Haven Red Sox players World Baseball Classic players of the United States 2006 World Baseball Classic players", "Clemens was known for his fierce competitive nature and hard-throwing pitching style, which he used to intimidate batters. Clemens debuted in MLB in 1984 with the Red Sox, whose pitching staff he anchored for 12 years. In 1986, he won the American League (AL) Cy Young Award, the AL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award, and the All-Star Game MVP Award, and he struck out an MLB-record 20 batters in a single game.", "The Red Sox did not re-sign Clemens following the 1996 season, despite leading the A.L. with 257 strikeouts and offering him \"by far the most money ever offered to a player in the history of the Red Sox franchise.\" General Manager Dan Duquette remarked that he \"hoped to keep him in Boston during the twilight of his career\", but Clemens left and signed with the Toronto Blue Jays.", "Debra once left a Red Sox game, when Clemens pitched for another team, in tears from the heckling she received. This is documented in an updated later edition to Dan Shaughnessy's best-selling book, Curse of the Bambino. Debra also was quoted in the book as stating that it was the poor attitude of Red Sox fans that prevented the team from ever winning the World Series (this was quoted prior to the Red Sox' 2004 World Series victory).", "General Manager Dan Duquette remarked that he \"hoped to keep him in Boston during the twilight of his career\", but Clemens left and signed with the Toronto Blue Jays. The emphasis on the misquoted 1996 \"twilight\" comment took on a life of its own following Clemens's post-Boston successes, and Duquette was vilified for letting the star pitcher go. Ultimately, Clemens would go on to have a record of 162–73 for the rest of his career after leaving the Red Sox.", "Ultimately, Clemens would go on to have a record of 162–73 for the rest of his career after leaving the Red Sox. Clemens recorded 192 wins and 38 shutouts for the Red Sox, both tied with Cy Young for the franchise record and is their all-time strikeout leader with 2,590. Clemens's overall postseason record with Boston was 1–2 with a 3.88 ERA, and 45 strikeouts, and 19 walks in 56 innings. No Red Sox player has worn his uniform #21 since Clemens left the team in the 1996–97 offseason.", "Clemens attributes his switch from what he calls a \"thrower\" to a \"pitcher\" to the partial season Hall of Fame pitcher Tom Seaver spent with the Red Sox in 1986. Facing the California Angels in the 1986 ALCS, Clemens pitched poorly in the opening game, watched the Boston bullpen blow his 3–1 lead in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 4, and then pitched a strong Game 7 to wrap up the series for Boston. The League Championship Series clincher was Clemens's first postseason career victory.", "William Roger Clemens (born August 4, 1962), nicknamed \"Rocket\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily with the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees. Clemens was one of the most dominant pitchers in major league history, tallying 354 wins, a 3.12 earned run average (ERA), and 4,672 strikeouts, the third-most all time.", "No Red Sox player has worn his uniform #21 since Clemens left the team in the 1996–97 offseason. Toronto Blue Jays (1997–1998) Clemens signed a four-year, $40 million deal with the Toronto Blue Jays after the 1996 season. In his first start in Fenway Park as a member of the Blue Jays, he pitched eight innings allowing only 4 hits and 1 earned run. 16 of his 24 outs were strikeouts, and every batter who faced him struck out at least once.", "Yankee teammate Jason Giambi spoke for such players when he said, \"I'd carry his bags for him, just as long as he is on the mound.\" Steroid use accusations In José Canseco's book, Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant 'Roids, Smash Hits & How Baseball Got Big, Canseco suggested that Clemens had expert knowledge about steroids and suggested that he used them, based on the improvement in his performance after leaving the Red Sox." ]

[ "Koby laughed in an interview after the game about the incident. See also Houston Astros award winners and league leaders List of Boston Red Sox award winners List of Boston Red Sox team records List of Major League Baseball annual shutout leaders List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders List of Major League Baseball players named in the Mitchell Report List of Major League Baseball single-game strikeout leaders List of people from Dayton, Ohio List of Toronto Blue Jays team records List of University of Texas at Austin alumni Major League Baseball titles leaders Toronto Blue Jays award winners and league leaders References External links Roger Clemens Foundation 1962 births Living people American expatriate baseball players in Canada American League All-Stars American League ERA champions American League Most Valuable Player Award winners American League Pitching Triple Crown winners American League strikeout champions American League wins champions American people of German descent Baseball players from Dayton, Ohio Boston Red Sox players Bridgeport Bluefish guest managers Corpus Christi Hooks players Cy Young Award winners Houston Astros players Lexington Legends players Major League Baseball All-Star Game MVPs Major League Baseball controversies Major League Baseball pitchers National League All-Stars National League ERA champions New Britain Red Sox players New York Yankees players Norwich Navigators players Pawtucket Red Sox players People from Vandalia, Ohio Round Rock Express players San Jacinto Central Ravens baseball players Sarasota Red Sox players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players Sugar Land Skeeters players Tampa Yankees players Texas Longhorns baseball players Texas Republicans Trenton Thunder players Toronto Blue Jays players Winter Haven Red Sox players World Baseball Classic players of the United States 2006 World Baseball Classic players", "After the 2000 ALCS game against the Mariners where he knocked down future teammate Alex Rodriguez and then argued with him, Seattle Mariners manager Lou Piniella called Clemens a \"headhunter.\" His beaning earlier that year of Mike Piazza, followed by throwing a broken-bat in Piazza's direction in the 2000 World Series, cemented Clemens's surly, unapologetic image in the minds of many. In 2009, former manager Cito Gaston publicly denounced Clemens as a \"double-talker\" and \"a complete asshole\".", "This appeared in the annual Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition'' for 2003. Roger wore his Yankees uniform, with the jersey open. On February 27, 2006, to train for the World Baseball Classic, Roger pitched in an exhibition game between the Astros and his son's minor league team. In his first at-bat, Koby hit a home run off his father. In his next at-bat, Roger threw an inside pitch that almost hit Koby. Koby laughed in an interview after the game about the incident.", "Clemens who was pitching on five days rest started strong by striking out eight while throwing a no-hitter through four innings. In the top of eighth and with Boston ahead 3–2, manager John McNamara sent rookie Mike Greenwell to pinch hit for Roger Clemens. It was initially said that Clemens was removed from the game due to a blister forming on one of his fingers, but both he and McNamara dispute this.", "He pitched scoreless innings, with his son, Koby, as his catcher. He retired former New York Met outfielder Timo Perez for the final out in the fourth inning, and was named the winning pitcher by the official scorer. Clemens's fastball was clocked as high as 88 mph, and the Astros sent scouts to both of his outings with the Skeeters in consideration of a possible return to the team that season.", "Clemens was the losing pitcher for the Astros in Game Seven of the 2004 NLCS against the St. Louis Cardinals, allowing four runs in six innings. Although he pitched well, he tired in the sixth inning, surrendering all four runs. Clemens again decided to put off retirement before the 2005 season after the Houston Astros offered salary arbitration. The Astros submitted an offer of $13.5 million, and Clemens countered with a record $22 million demand.", "On January 7, Clemens filed a defamation lawsuit against McNamee, claiming that the former trainer lied after being threatened with prosecution. McNamee's attorneys argued that he was compelled to cooperate by federal officials and so his statements were protected. A federal judge agreed, throwing out all claims related to McNamee's statements to investigators on February 13, 2009, but allowing the case to proceed on statements McNamee made about Clemens to Pettitte.", "He went 1–1 in the tournament, with a 2.08 ERA, striking out 10 batters in innings. After pitching in a second-round loss to Mexico that eliminated the United States, Clemens began considering a return to the major leagues. On May 31, 2006, following another extended period of speculation, it was announced that Clemens was coming out of retirement for the third time to pitch for the Astros for the remainder of the 2006 season. Clemens signed a contract worth $22,000,022 (his uniform number #22).", "It was initially said that Clemens was removed from the game due to a blister forming on one of his fingers, but both he and McNamara dispute this. Clemens said to Bob Costas on an MLB Network program concerning the 1986 postseason that McNamara decided to pull him despite Clemens wanting to pitch. McNamara said to Costas that Clemens \"begged out\" of the game. The Mets rallied and took both game six and seven to win the World Series." ]

[ "Its recommended book list includes such authors as Karl Marx, Che Guevara, George Orwell, Noam Chomsky, Mumia Abu-Jamal and Grant Morrison. Morello and Tankian, together with a handful of other artists, including Maynard James Keenan, Wayne Kramer of the MC5, the hip hop group Jurassic 5, and Michael \"Flea\" Balzary of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, released a live recording of covers and original songs, titled Axis of Justice: Concert Series Volume 1.", "Morello and Tankian, together with a handful of other artists, including Maynard James Keenan, Wayne Kramer of the MC5, the hip hop group Jurassic 5, and Michael \"Flea\" Balzary of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, released a live recording of covers and original songs, titled Axis of Justice: Concert Series Volume 1. On April 6, 2006, Morello was honored with the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award for his support of worker's rights and for his AOJ work.", "He is also known for his acoustic solo act, the Nightwatchman, and Street Sweeper Social Club. Morello co-founded Axis of Justice, which airs a monthly program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK (90.7 FM) in Los Angeles. Born in Harlem, New York, and raised in Libertyville, Illinois, Morello became interested in music and politics while in high school. He attended Harvard University and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Committee on Degrees in Social Studies.", "One of his many songs, \"No One Left\", which compares the aftermath of September 11 to that of a U.S. attack on Iraq, appears on the album Songs and Artists that Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11. The Nightwatchman also appeared on the album/DVD Axis Of Justice: Concert Series Volume 1, contributing the songs \"Until the End\", \"The Road I Must Travel\", and \"Union Song\".", "The group has worked for such causes as immigrant rights and death-penalty abolition. Its recommended book list includes such authors as Karl Marx, Che Guevara, George Orwell, Noam Chomsky, Mumia Abu-Jamal and Grant Morrison.", "The Nightwatchman also appeared on the album/DVD Axis Of Justice: Concert Series Volume 1, contributing the songs \"Until the End\", \"The Road I Must Travel\", and \"Union Song\". Morello, as the Nightwatchman, released his debut solo album, One Man Revolution, on April 24, 2007. The Nightwatchman joined the Dave Matthews Band for its short European tour in May 2007. As well as opening for the Dave Matthews Band, he was invited to guest on a couple of songs each night.", "The thirteen-city tour was supported by unions, environmental and media reform groups including Common Cause, Free Press and A.F.L.-C.I.O. with the ultimate goal of \"informing music fans, and exposing and challenging the failures of the major media outlets in the United States.\" Morello explained: \"Media consolidation needs smashing and globalization needs unmasking. When presidents and politicians lie, it is the job of the press to expose those lies. When the press fails, the gangstas come out from hiding. The lie becomes the law.", "On April 6, 2006, Morello was honored with the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award for his support of worker's rights and for his AOJ work. Morello has worked on numerous labor campaigns: the Guess sweatshop boycott, the LA janitors strike, the Taco Bell boycott, the southern California grocery workers strike and lockout, and others. Morello was a strong supporter of the 2006 United States immigration reform protests around the US. Morello played as the Nightwatchman at MacArthur Park in Los Angeles and has featured many articles on AOJ." ]

[ "The concert was aimed at expanding the organization nationally. The concert was aimed at expanding the organization nationally. Axis of Justice Morello and Serj Tankian of System of a Down are the co-founders of Axis of Justice, a political group whose declared purpose is \"to bring together musicians, fans of music, and grassroots political organizations to fight for social justice together.\"", "He is also known for his acoustic solo act, the Nightwatchman, and Street Sweeper Social Club. Morello co-founded Axis of Justice, which airs a monthly program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK (90.7 FM) in Los Angeles. Born in Harlem, New York, and raised in Libertyville, Illinois, Morello became interested in music and politics while in high school. He attended Harvard University and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Committee on Degrees in Social Studies.", "Axis of Justice Morello and Serj Tankian of System of a Down are the co-founders of Axis of Justice, a political group whose declared purpose is \"to bring together musicians, fans of music, and grassroots political organizations to fight for social justice together.\" They \"aim to build a bridge between fans of music around the world and local political organizations to effectively organize around issues of peace, human rights, and economic justice.\" The group has worked for such causes as immigrant rights and death-penalty abolition.", "Thomas Baptist \"Tom\" Morello (born May 30, 1964) is an American musician, singer, rapper, songwriter, actor, and political activist. He is best known for his tenure with the rock band Rage Against the Machine and then with Audioslave. Between 2016 and 2019, Morello was a member of the supergroup Prophets of Rage. Morello was also a touring musician with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. He is also known for his acoustic solo act, the Nightwatchman, and Street Sweeper Social Club.", "The fact that music I helped create was used in crimes against humanity sickens me.\" On February 21, 2011, Morello organized and performed an acoustic concert in support of the protests over collective bargaining rights in Madison, WI. The concert also featured the MC5's Wayne Kramer and Boston punk band Street Dogs. He wrote an article in Rolling Stone about his experience.", "Adam Jones, his high school classmate, moved to Los Angeles as well; Morello introduced Jones and Maynard James Keenan to Danny Carey, who would come to form the band Tool. From 1987 to 1988, Morello worked in the office of United States Senator Alan Cranston (D-CA); however, this proved to be a negative experience for Morello, who decided never to pursue a career in politics.I never had any real desire to work in politics but if there was any ember burning in me, it was extinguished working in that job because of two things: one of them was the fact that 80 per cent of the time I spent with the Senator, he was on the phone asking rich people for money.", "On April 6, 2006, Morello was honored with the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award for his support of worker's rights and for his AOJ work. Morello has worked on numerous labor campaigns: the Guess sweatshop boycott, the LA janitors strike, the Taco Bell boycott, the southern California grocery workers strike and lockout, and others. Morello was a strong supporter of the 2006 United States immigration reform protests around the US. Morello played as the Nightwatchman at MacArthur Park in Los Angeles and has featured many articles on AOJ.", "Politics Political views Morello, as well as fellow members of Rage Against the Machine, hold left-leaning political views. Morello in particular identifies as a socialist, and has called socialism a \"necessity\" for the world, saying “I think [socialism is] a necessity, to save the planet [...] Look at how capitalism has responded to the global pandemic – it’s a disaster. Look at how capitalism has responded to the impending environmental crisis – it’s a disaster." ]

[ "Rodman Edward Serling (December 25, 1924 – June 28, 1975) was an American screenwriter, playwright, television producer, and narrator/on-screen host, best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his anthology television series The Twilight Zone. Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards.", "Early programming consisted of newsreels, sporting events and what would be called public-access television today. It was not until 1948 that filmed dramas were first shown, beginning with a show called Public Prosecutor. Serling began having serious dramas produced in 1950 and is given credit as one of the first to write scripts specifically for television. As such, he is said to have helped legitimize television drama. Serling worried that television was on the verge of suffering the same decline as radio.", "During the production of these, he became acquainted with a voice actor, Jay Overholts, who later became a regular on The Twilight Zone. Serling said of his time as a staff writer for radio: Serling believed radio was not living up to its potential, later saying, \"Radio, in terms of ... drama, dug its own grave. It had aimed downward, had become cheap and unbelievable, and had willingly settled for second best.\"", "He wrote and directed the programs and acted in them when needed. He created the entire output for the 1948–1949 school year. With one exception (an adaptation), all the writing that year was his original work. While in college, Serling won his first accolade as a writer. The radio program, Dr. Christian, had started an annual scriptwriting contest eight years earlier. Thousands of scripts were sent in annually, but very few could be produced.", "on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 2000: Nominated for an Emmy Award and Winner of a Writer Guild Award for the reusing of his script for the re-make of \"A Storm in Century\". 2007: Ranked No. 1 on TV Guide'''s \"25 Greatest Sci-Fi Legends\" list (the only non-fictitious person on the list) 2008: Inducted into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame Notes Further reading Parisi, Nicholas. (2018) Rod Serling: His Life, Work, and Imagination. University Press of Mississippi.", "His Dr. Christian script aired on November 30 of that year. Serling began his professional writing career in 1950, when he earned $75 a week as a network continuity writer for WLW radio in Cincinnati, Ohio. While at WLW, he continued to freelance. He sold several radio and television scripts to WLW's parent company, Crosley Broadcasting Corporation. After selling the scripts, Serling had no further involvement with them. They were sold by Crosley to local stations across the United States.", "Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards. He was known as the \"angry young man\" of Hollywood, clashing with television executives and sponsors over a wide range of issues, including censorship, racism, and war. Early life Serling was born on December 25, 1924, in Syracuse, New York, to a Jewish family.", "In a stylistic departure from his earlier work, Serling briefly hosted the first version of the game show Liar's Club in 1969. In the 1970s, Serling appeared in television commercials for Ford, Radio Shack, Ziebart and the Japanese automaker Mazda, during the time they were promoting vehicles for the U.S. market powered with a rotary engine. He also made occasional acting appearances, all in material he didn't write. Serling appeared more-or-less as a version of himself (but named \"Mr.", "Gaining fame In 1955, the nationwide Kraft Television Theatre televised a program based on Serling's seventy-second script. To Serling, it was just another script, and he missed the first live broadcast. He and his wife hired a babysitter for the night and told her, \"no one would call because we had just moved to town. And the phone just started ringing and didn't stop for years!\" The title of this episode was \"Patterns\", and it soon changed his life." ]

[ "The episode received so much positive fan response that CBS agreed to let Serling go ahead with his pilot for The Twilight Zone. The Storm Before The Twilight Zone, Serling created a local television show in Cincinnati on WKRC-TV, The Storm, in the early 1950s. Several of these scripts were rewritten for later use on national network TV. A copy of an episode is located in the Cincinnati Museum Center Historical Cincinnati Library on videotape.", "His Dr. Christian script aired on November 30 of that year. Serling began his professional writing career in 1950, when he earned $75 a week as a network continuity writer for WLW radio in Cincinnati, Ohio. While at WLW, he continued to freelance. He sold several radio and television scripts to WLW's parent company, Crosley Broadcasting Corporation. After selling the scripts, Serling had no further involvement with them. They were sold by Crosley to local stations across the United States.", "Whenever a script was rejected by one program, he would resubmit it to another, eventually finding a home for many in either radio or television. As Serling's college years ended, his scripts began to sell. He continued to write for television and eventually left WKRC to become a full-time freelance writer. He recalled, \"Writing is a demanding profession and a selfish one. And because it is selfish and demanding, because it is compulsive and exacting, I didn't embrace it. I succumbed to it.\"", "He wrote and directed the programs and acted in them when needed. He created the entire output for the 1948–1949 school year. With one exception (an adaptation), all the writing that year was his original work. While in college, Serling won his first accolade as a writer. The radio program, Dr. Christian, had started an annual scriptwriting contest eight years earlier. Thousands of scripts were sent in annually, but very few could be produced.", "Rodman Edward Serling (December 25, 1924 – June 28, 1975) was an American screenwriter, playwright, television producer, and narrator/on-screen host, best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his anthology television series The Twilight Zone. Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards.", "He hired scriptwriters he respected, such as Richard Matheson and Charles Beaumont. In an interview, Serling said the show's science fiction format would not be controversial with sponsors, network executives, or the general public and would escape censorship, unlike the earlier script for Playhouse 90. Serling drew on his own experience for many episodes, frequently about boxing, military life, and airplane pilots. The Twilight Zone incorporated his social views on racial relations, somewhat veiled in the science fiction and fantasy elements of the shows.", "Other television After The Twilight Zone was canceled, Serling wrote an unsuccessful western television series called The Loner, which ran from the fall of 1965 to April 1966. CBS asked Serling to have more action and less character interaction. He refused to comply, even though the show had received poor reviews and low ratings. In a stylistic departure from his earlier work, Serling briefly hosted the first version of the game show Liar's Club in 1969.", "External links Rod Serling Archives at Ithaca College – scripts, screenplays, films, published works by Serling, and secondary materials Rod Serling Papers at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research. 1959 interview by Mike Wallace An Interview with Carol Serling: 'Life With Rod' Rod Serling Archive at the Wisconsin Historical Society Serling's papers consist of roughly 80,000 documents ranging from scripts to personal correspondence, including a folder of angry letters received by Serling Rod Serling Memorial Foundation 1924 births 1975 deaths 20th-century American short story writers American horror writers Jewish American screenwriters Jewish American military personnel United States Army personnel of World War II American science fiction writers American television writers American male television writers American Unitarian Universalists American anti–Vietnam War activists Antioch College alumni Burials in New York (state) Ithaca College faculty Peabody Award winners Businesspeople from Syracuse, New York Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees United States Army non-commissioned officers Military personnel from Syracuse, New York Writers from Syracuse, New York American male screenwriters American male short story writers Jewish American male actors New York (state) Democrats Activists from Syracuse, New York Screenwriters from New York (state) Weird fiction writers 20th-century American male writers American anti-racism activists American fantasy writers 20th-century American screenwriters Inkpot Award winners The Twilight Zone 20th-century American businesspeople 20th-century American Jews", "He then took odd jobs in other radio stations in New York and Ohio. \"I learned 'time', writing for a medium that is measured in seconds,\" Serling later said of his early experiences. While attending college, Serling worked at the Antioch Broadcasting System's radio workshop and was managing the station within a couple of years. He then took charge of full-scale radio productions at Antioch which were broadcast on WJEM, in Springfield. He wrote and directed the programs and acted in them when needed." ]

[ "Rodman Edward Serling (December 25, 1924 – June 28, 1975) was an American screenwriter, playwright, television producer, and narrator/on-screen host, best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his anthology television series The Twilight Zone. Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards.", "He hired scriptwriters he respected, such as Richard Matheson and Charles Beaumont. In an interview, Serling said the show's science fiction format would not be controversial with sponsors, network executives, or the general public and would escape censorship, unlike the earlier script for Playhouse 90. Serling drew on his own experience for many episodes, frequently about boxing, military life, and airplane pilots. The Twilight Zone incorporated his social views on racial relations, somewhat veiled in the science fiction and fantasy elements of the shows.", "He wrote and directed the programs and acted in them when needed. He created the entire output for the 1948–1949 school year. With one exception (an adaptation), all the writing that year was his original work. While in college, Serling won his first accolade as a writer. The radio program, Dr. Christian, had started an annual scriptwriting contest eight years earlier. Thousands of scripts were sent in annually, but very few could be produced.", "External links Rod Serling Archives at Ithaca College – scripts, screenplays, films, published works by Serling, and secondary materials Rod Serling Papers at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research. 1959 interview by Mike Wallace An Interview with Carol Serling: 'Life With Rod' Rod Serling Archive at the Wisconsin Historical Society Serling's papers consist of roughly 80,000 documents ranging from scripts to personal correspondence, including a folder of angry letters received by Serling Rod Serling Memorial Foundation 1924 births 1975 deaths 20th-century American short story writers American horror writers Jewish American screenwriters Jewish American military personnel United States Army personnel of World War II American science fiction writers American television writers American male television writers American Unitarian Universalists American anti–Vietnam War activists Antioch College alumni Burials in New York (state) Ithaca College faculty Peabody Award winners Businesspeople from Syracuse, New York Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees United States Army non-commissioned officers Military personnel from Syracuse, New York Writers from Syracuse, New York American male screenwriters American male short story writers Jewish American male actors New York (state) Democrats Activists from Syracuse, New York Screenwriters from New York (state) Weird fiction writers 20th-century American male writers American anti-racism activists American fantasy writers 20th-century American screenwriters Inkpot Award winners The Twilight Zone 20th-century American businesspeople 20th-century American Jews", "Writers were forced to work these breaks into their scripts. Serling's response to this convention was, \"How can you put out a meaningful drama when every fifteen minutes proceedings are interrupted by twelve dancing rabbits with toilet paper? No dramatic art form should be dictated and controlled by men whose training and instincts are cut of an entirely different cloth. The fact remains that these gentlemen sell consumer goods, not an art form.\" Throughout his career, Serling helped to mold the future of television.", "Some of Serling's works are now available in graphic novels. Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone is a series of adaptations by Mark Kneece and Rich Ellis based on original scripts written by Serling. Several episodes were adapted into novel form for pulp fiction books by Serling himself. The Twilight Zone is not the only Serling work to reappear. In 1994, Rod Serling's Lost Classics released two never-before-seen works that Carol Serling found in her garage.", "One of the other winners that day was Earl Hamner, Jr., who had also earned prizes in previous years. Later, Hamner wrote scripts for Serling's The Twilight Zone.", "Early programming consisted of newsreels, sporting events and what would be called public-access television today. It was not until 1948 that filmed dramas were first shown, beginning with a show called Public Prosecutor. Serling began having serious dramas produced in 1950 and is given credit as one of the first to write scripts specifically for television. As such, he is said to have helped legitimize television drama. Serling worried that television was on the verge of suffering the same decline as radio.", "on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 2000: Nominated for an Emmy Award and Winner of a Writer Guild Award for the reusing of his script for the re-make of \"A Storm in Century\". 2007: Ranked No. 1 on TV Guide'''s \"25 Greatest Sci-Fi Legends\" list (the only non-fictitious person on the list) 2008: Inducted into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame Notes Further reading Parisi, Nicholas. (2018) Rod Serling: His Life, Work, and Imagination. University Press of Mississippi.", "Serling was interested in radio and writing at an early age. He was an avid radio listener, especially interested in thrillers, fantasy, and horror shows. Arch Oboler and Norman Corwin were two of his favorite writers. He also \"did some staff work at a Binghamton radio station ... tried to write ... but never had anything published.\" He was accepted into college during his senior year of high school." ]

[ "The series generally focused more on horror and suspense than The Twilight Zone did. On the insistence of the producer Jack Laird, Night Gallery also began including brief comedic \"blackout\" sketches during its second season, which Serling greatly disdained. He stated \"I thought they [the blackout sketches] distorted the thread of what we were trying to do on Night Gallery. I don't think one can show Edgar Allan Poe and then come back with Flip Wilson for 34 seconds. I just don't think they fit.\"", "Later, Hamner wrote scripts for Serling's The Twilight Zone. In addition to earning $45 to $50 a week at the college radio station, Serling attempted to make a living selling freelance scripts of radio programs, but the industry at that time was involved in many lawsuits, which affected willingness to take on new writers (some whose scripts were rejected would often hear a similar plot produced, claim their work had been stolen, and sue for recompense).", "By season three, however, many of his contributions were being rejected or heavily altered. Night Gallery was cancelled in 1973. NBC later combined episodes of the short-lived paranormal series The Sixth Sense with Night Gallery, in order to increase the number of episodes available in syndication. Serling was reportedly paid $100,000 to film introductions for these repackaged episodes. Other television After The Twilight Zone was canceled, Serling wrote an unsuccessful western television series called The Loner, which ran from the fall of 1965 to April 1966.", "He hired scriptwriters he respected, such as Richard Matheson and Charles Beaumont. In an interview, Serling said the show's science fiction format would not be controversial with sponsors, network executives, or the general public and would escape censorship, unlike the earlier script for Playhouse 90. Serling drew on his own experience for many episodes, frequently about boxing, military life, and airplane pilots. The Twilight Zone incorporated his social views on racial relations, somewhat veiled in the science fiction and fantasy elements of the shows.", "One of the other winners that day was Earl Hamner, Jr., who had also earned prizes in previous years. Later, Hamner wrote scripts for Serling's The Twilight Zone.", "Sponsors believed that creating new shows every week would assure them the largest possible audience, so they purchased a new script for each night. Gould suggested that as new networks were opened and the viewers were given more choices, the percentage of viewers would spread among the offerings. \"Patterns\" was proof that a second showing could gain more viewers because those who missed the first showing could see the second, thus increasing the audience for sponsors.", "During the time between the two shows, Kraft executives negotiated with people from Hollywood over the rights to \"Patterns\". Kraft said they were considering rebroadcasting \"Patterns\", unless the play or motion picture rights were sold first. Immediately following the original broadcast of \"Patterns\", Serling was inundated with offers of permanent jobs, congratulations, and requests for novels, plays, and television or radio scripts. He quickly sold many of his earlier, lower-quality works and watched in dismay as they were published.", "Selected works Filmography Books Stories from the Twilight Zone, Bantam (New York City), 1960 More Stories from the Twilight Zone, Bantam, 1961 New Stories from the Twilight Zone, Bantam, 1962 From the Twilight Zone, Doubleday (Garden City, NJ), 1962 Requiem for a Heavyweight: A Reading Version of the Dramatic Script, Bantam, 1962 Rod Serling's Triple W: Witches, Warlocks and Werewolves; A Collection,(Editor) Bantam, 1963 The Season to Be Wary (3 novellas, \"Escape Route\", \"Color Scheme\", and \"Eyes\"), Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1967 Devils and Demons: A Collection, Bantam, 1967 (Editor and author of introduction) Night Gallery, Bantam, 1971 Night Gallery 2, Bantam, 1972 Rod Serling's Other Worlds,(Editor) Bantam, 1978 Accolades Posthumous honors 1985: Inducted into the Television Hall of Fame 1985: A star honoring Serling can be found at 6840 Hollywood Blvd. on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 2000: Nominated for an Emmy Award and Winner of a Writer Guild Award for the reusing of his script for the re-make of \"A Storm in Century\".", "By the end of 1954, his agent convinced him he needed to move to New York, \"where the action is.\" The writer Marc Scott Zicree, who spent years researching his book The Twilight Zone Companion, noted, \"Sometimes the situations were clichéd, the characters two-dimensional, but always there was at least some search for an emotional truth, some attempt to make a statement on the human condition.\" Gaining fame In 1955, the nationwide Kraft Television Theatre televised a program based on Serling's seventy-second script." ]

[ "In addition to assuming the role as the band's leader, Gibbons became the main lyricist and musical arranger. With the assistance of Ham and engineer Robin Hood Brians, ZZ Top's First Album (1971) was released and exhibited the band's humor, with \"barrelhouse\" rhythms, distorted guitars, double entendres, and innuendo. The music and songs reflected ZZ Top's blues influences.", "They most recently released La Futura (2012) and Goin' 50 (2019), a compilation album commemorating the band's 50th anniversary. By the time of Hill's death in 2021, ZZ Top had become the longest-running band with an unchanged lineup in the history of popular music. Per Hill's wishes, he was replaced by their longtime guitar tech Elwood Francis on bass. ZZ Top has released 15 studio albums and sold an estimated 50 million albums worldwide.", "Texas Monthly described their music as \"loud, macho, greasy, and distorted\", with \"unrepentant misogynistic references\". In the early 1980s, ZZ Top embraced synthesizers and drum machines, drawing inspiration from British electronic acts such as Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and Depeche Mode (while deriving their dance moves from the former). Hill and Gibbons worked as a kind of double act, looking similar and employing simple stage choreography that Hill described as \"low-energy, high-impact\".", "ZZ Top is an American rock band formed in 1969 in Houston, Texas. For 51 years, the band comprised vocalist-guitarist Billy Gibbons, drummer Frank Beard and vocalist-bassist Dusty Hill, until Hill's death in 2021. ZZ Top developed a signature sound based on Gibbons' blues guitar style and Hill and Beard's rhythm section. They are popular for their live performances, sly and humorous lyrics, and the similar appearances of Gibbons and Hill, who were rarely seen without their long beards, sunglasses, and hats.", "The band shared the BBC's studio with English electronic group Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), whom Gibbons felt \"were great\". Inspired by OMD, ZZ Top introduced a jerky dancing style to their live show and began to experiment with synthesizers, which featured prominently on the October 1981 album El Loco. The album peaked at number 17 on the Billboard chart, and featured the singles \"Tube Snake Boogie\", \"Pearl Necklace\", and \"Leila\".", "By the mid-1970s the band became renowned in North America for its live act, highlighted by its performances during the Worldwide Texas Tour from 1976 to 1977, which was a critical and commercial success. After a hiatus, ZZ Top returned in 1979 with a new musical direction and image, with Gibbons and Hill wearing sunglasses and matching chest-length beards. With the album El Loco (1981), the group began to experiment with synthesizers and drum machines.", "Band members Current members Billy Gibbons – guitar, lead and backing vocals (1969–present) Frank Beard – drums, percussion (1969–present) Elwood Francis – bass, backing vocals (2021–present) Former members Lanier Greig – bass, Hammond organ (1969; died 2013) Dan Mitchell – drums (1969) Billy Etheridge – bass (1969–1970) Dusty Hill – bass, backing and lead vocals, keyboards (1970–2021; died 2021) Session guests Pete Tickle – acoustic guitar on \"Mushmouth Shoutin'\" from Rio Grande Mud (1971) Terry Manning – synthesizer, drum machine on Eliminator (1982) James Harman – harmonica on \"What's Up with That\" from Rhythmeen (1996); Mescalero (2002); La Futura (2012) () Marimbas de Chiapas – marimba on Mescalero (2002) Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar on Mescalero (2002) Joe Hardy – piano, Hammond B3 organ on La Futura (2012) () Dave Sardy – piano, Hammond B3 organ on La Futura (2012) Touring guests Jeff Beck – guitar on \"Hey Mr. Millionaire\" from XXX (1999) John Douglas – drums, percussion () Discography Studio albums ZZ Top's First Album (1971) Rio Grande Mud (1972) Tres Hombres (1973) Fandango! (1975) Tejas (1976) Degüello (1979) El Loco (1981) Eliminator (1983) Afterburner (1985) Recycler (1990) Antenna (1994) Rhythmeen (1996) XXX (1999) Mescalero (2003) La Futura (2012) Filmography In addition to recording and performing concerts, ZZ Top has also been involved with films and television.", "In 2003, ZZ Top released a final RCA album, Mescalero, an album thick with harsh Gibbons guitar and featuring a hidden track—a cover version of \"As Time Goes By.\" RCA impresario Clive Davis wanted to do a collaboration record (in the mode of Carlos Santana's successful Supernatural) for this album. In an interview in Goldmine magazine, Davis stated that artists Pink, Dave Matthews, and Wilco were among the artists slated for the project.", "Hill and Gibbons worked as a kind of double act, looking similar and employing simple stage choreography that Hill described as \"low-energy, high-impact\". Band members Current members Billy Gibbons – guitar, lead and backing vocals (1969–present) Frank Beard – drums, percussion (1969–present) Elwood Francis – bass, backing vocals (2021–present) Former members Lanier Greig – bass, Hammond organ (1969; died 2013) Dan Mitchell – drums (1969) Billy Etheridge – bass (1969–1970) Dusty Hill – bass, backing and lead vocals, keyboards (1970–2021; died 2021) Session guests Pete Tickle – acoustic guitar on \"Mushmouth Shoutin'\" from Rio Grande Mud (1971) Terry Manning – synthesizer, drum machine on Eliminator (1982) James Harman – harmonica on \"What's Up with That\" from Rhythmeen (1996); Mescalero (2002); La Futura (2012) () Marimbas de Chiapas – marimba on Mescalero (2002) Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar on Mescalero (2002) Joe Hardy – piano, Hammond B3 organ on La Futura (2012) () Dave Sardy – piano, Hammond B3 organ on La Futura (2012) Touring guests Jeff Beck – guitar on \"Hey Mr. Millionaire\" from XXX (1999) John Douglas – drums, percussion () Discography Studio albums ZZ Top's First Album (1971) Rio Grande Mud (1972) Tres Hombres (1973) Fandango!" ]

[ "They most recently released La Futura (2012) and Goin' 50 (2019), a compilation album commemorating the band's 50th anniversary. By the time of Hill's death in 2021, ZZ Top had become the longest-running band with an unchanged lineup in the history of popular music. Per Hill's wishes, he was replaced by their longtime guitar tech Elwood Francis on bass. ZZ Top has released 15 studio albums and sold an estimated 50 million albums worldwide.", "ZZ Top has released 15 studio albums and sold an estimated 50 million albums worldwide. They have won three MTV Video Music Awards, and in 2004, the members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked Gibbons the 32nd greatest guitarist of all time. The band members have supported campaigns and charities including Childline, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and a fundraiser for the Delta Blues Museum.", "ZZ Top recorded the live tracks for one side of their 1975 album, Fandango!, during this tour. Fandango!, which also contained one side of new studio songs, was a top-ten album; its single \"Tush\" peaked at number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. Tejas, released in 1976, was the final ZZ Top album under their contract with London Records. It was not as successful or as positively received as their previous efforts, but reached number 17 on the Billboard 200.", "In 1994, the band signed a $35 million deal with RCA Records, releasing the million-selling Antenna. Subsequent RCA albums, Rhythmeen (1996) and 1999's XXX (the second album to feature live tracks) sold well, but did not reach the levels enjoyed previously. In 2003, ZZ Top released a final RCA album, Mescalero, an album thick with harsh Gibbons guitar and featuring a hidden track—a cover version of \"As Time Goes By.\"", "By the mid-1970s the band became renowned in North America for its live act, highlighted by its performances during the Worldwide Texas Tour from 1976 to 1977, which was a critical and commercial success. After a hiatus, ZZ Top returned in 1979 with a new musical direction and image, with Gibbons and Hill wearing sunglasses and matching chest-length beards. With the album El Loco (1981), the group began to experiment with synthesizers and drum machines.", "1 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart that year. Return to guitar-driven sound (1992–2003) In 1992, Warner released ZZ Top's Greatest Hits, along with a new Rolling Stones-style cut, \"Gun Love\", and an Elvis-inflected video, \"Viva Las Vegas\". In 1993, ZZ Top inducted a major influence, Cream, into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 1994, the band signed a $35 million deal with RCA Records, releasing the million-selling Antenna.", "In addition to assuming the role as the band's leader, Gibbons became the main lyricist and musical arranger. With the assistance of Ham and engineer Robin Hood Brians, ZZ Top's First Album (1971) was released and exhibited the band's humor, with \"barrelhouse\" rhythms, distorted guitars, double entendres, and innuendo. The music and songs reflected ZZ Top's blues influences.", "It was not as successful or as positively received as their previous efforts, but reached number 17 on the Billboard 200. ZZ Top continued the Worldwide Texas Tour in support of Tejas through most of 1977. In 1976, after almost seven years of touring and a string of successful albums, ZZ Top went on hiatus for three years while Beard dealt with drug addiction. Gibbons traveled to Europe, Beard went to Jamaica, and Hill went to Mexico.", "Billboard chart), with sales of five million copies. All of the singles from Afterburner were Top-40 hits, with \"Sleeping Bag\" and \"Stages\" reaching number one on the Mainstream Rock chart. The music video for \"Velcro Fly\" was choreographed by pop singer Paula Abdul. In 1987, ZZ Top released The Six Pack, a collection of their first five albums plus El Loco. The albums were remixed with new drum and guitar effects for a more \"contemporary\" sound similar to Eliminator." ]

[ "ZZ Top has released 15 studio albums and sold an estimated 50 million albums worldwide. They have won three MTV Video Music Awards, and in 2004, the members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked Gibbons the 32nd greatest guitarist of all time. The band members have supported campaigns and charities including Childline, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and a fundraiser for the Delta Blues Museum.", "They were also given commemorative rings by actor Billy Bob Thornton from the VH1 Rock Honors in 2007. ZZ Top has also achieved several chart and album sales feats, including six number-one singles on the Mainstream Rock chart. From the RIAA, ZZ Top has earned four gold, three platinum and two multiple-platinum album certifications, and one diamond album. See also List of artists who reached number one on the U.S.", "Awards and achievements ZZ Top's music videos won multiple VMA awards during the 1980s, topping the categories of Best Group Video, Best Direction, and Best Art Direction for \"Legs\", \"Sharp Dressed Man\" and \"Rough Boy\", respectively. Among high honors for ZZ Top have been induction into Hollywood's RockWalk in 1994, the Texas House of Representatives naming them \"Official Heroes for the State of Texas\", a declaration of \"ZZ Top Day\" in Texas by then-governor Ann Richards on May 4, 1991, and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.", "1 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart that year. Return to guitar-driven sound (1992–2003) In 1992, Warner released ZZ Top's Greatest Hits, along with a new Rolling Stones-style cut, \"Gun Love\", and an Elvis-inflected video, \"Viva Las Vegas\". In 1993, ZZ Top inducted a major influence, Cream, into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 1994, the band signed a $35 million deal with RCA Records, releasing the million-selling Antenna.", "In November 2020, it was announced that the 2019 Netflix documentary That Little Ol' Band from Texas was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Music Film with the award ceremony scheduled for March 2021. Awards and achievements ZZ Top's music videos won multiple VMA awards during the 1980s, topping the categories of Best Group Video, Best Direction, and Best Art Direction for \"Legs\", \"Sharp Dressed Man\" and \"Rough Boy\", respectively.", "By the mid-1970s the band became renowned in North America for its live act, highlighted by its performances during the Worldwide Texas Tour from 1976 to 1977, which was a critical and commercial success. After a hiatus, ZZ Top returned in 1979 with a new musical direction and image, with Gibbons and Hill wearing sunglasses and matching chest-length beards. With the album El Loco (1981), the group began to experiment with synthesizers and drum machines.", "Their hit singles from this period, \"Cheap Sunglasses\" and \"Pearl Necklace\", showed a more modern sound. In 1979, ZZ Top signed with Warner Bros. Records and released the album Degüello. While the album went platinum, it only reached number 24 on the Billboard chart. The album produced two popular singles: \"I Thank You\", a cover of the David Porter/Isaac Hayes composition originally recorded by Sam & Dave, and the band original \"Cheap Sunglasses\".", "In an interview in Goldmine magazine, Davis stated that artists Pink, Dave Matthews, and Wilco were among the artists slated for the project. ZZ Top performed \"Tush\" and \"Legs\" as part of the Super Bowl XXXI halftime show in 1997. A comprehensive four-CD collection of recordings from the London and Warner Bros. years, Chrome, Smoke & BBQ, was released in 2003.", "It was not as successful or as positively received as their previous efforts, but reached number 17 on the Billboard 200. ZZ Top continued the Worldwide Texas Tour in support of Tejas through most of 1977. In 1976, after almost seven years of touring and a string of successful albums, ZZ Top went on hiatus for three years while Beard dealt with drug addiction. Gibbons traveled to Europe, Beard went to Jamaica, and Hill went to Mexico.", "Among high honors for ZZ Top have been induction into Hollywood's RockWalk in 1994, the Texas House of Representatives naming them \"Official Heroes for the State of Texas\", a declaration of \"ZZ Top Day\" in Texas by then-governor Ann Richards on May 4, 1991, and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004. They were also given commemorative rings by actor Billy Bob Thornton from the VH1 Rock Honors in 2007." ]

[ "Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\".", "Some of the issues regarding Kovacs' tax problems were still unresolved years after his death. Kovacs had purchased two insurance policies in 1951; his mother was named as the primary beneficiary of them. The IRS placed a lien against them both for their cash value in 1961. To stop the actions being taken against her, Mary Kovacs had to go to Federal court.", "The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\" He is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\" Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them.", "In March 1996, Adams detailed her experiences before the National Film Preservation Board. Adams first used some of the videotapes she had purchased for a 1968 ABC television special, The Comedy of Ernie Kovacs; to produce the show, she hired Kovacs's former producer and editor. The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters.", "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer. Kovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death.", "The series was narrated by Jack Lemmon. The series was narrated by Jack Lemmon. During the early 1990s, The Comedy Channel broadcast a series of Kovacs' shows under the generic title of The Ernie Kovacs Show. The series included both the ABC specials and some of his 1950s shows from NBC. By 2008, there were no broadcast, cable, or satellite channels broadcasting any of Kovacs's television work, other than his panel appearances on What's My Line? on the Game Show Network.", "He was one of the first television comedians to use odd fake credits and comments between the legitimate credits and, at times, during his routines. Kovacs reportedly disliked working in front of a live audience, as was the case with the shows he did for NBC during the 1950s. He found the presence of an audience distracting, and those in the seats frequently did not understand some of the more elaborate visual gags and special effects, which could only be appreciated by watching studio monitors instead of the stage.", "An example: Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, the founder of an automobile company, was the program's \"mystery guest.\" Previous questioning had established that the mystery guest's name was synonymous with an automobile brand, Kovacs asked, \"Are you – and this is just a wild guess – but are you Abraham Lincoln? \"—a reference to the Ford Motor Company's Lincoln automobiles.", "Kovacs's first paid entertainment work was during 1941 as an announcer for Trenton's radio station WTTM. He spent the next nine years with WTTM, becoming the station's director of special events; in this job he did things like trying to see what it was like to be run over by a train (leaving the tracks at the last minute) and broadcasting from the cockpit of a plane for which he took flying lessons." ]

[ "Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\".", "Some of the issues regarding Kovacs' tax problems were still unresolved years after his death. Kovacs had purchased two insurance policies in 1951; his mother was named as the primary beneficiary of them. The IRS placed a lien against them both for their cash value in 1961. To stop the actions being taken against her, Mary Kovacs had to go to Federal court.", "The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\" He is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\" Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them.", "He was one of the first television comedians to use odd fake credits and comments between the legitimate credits and, at times, during his routines. Kovacs reportedly disliked working in front of a live audience, as was the case with the shows he did for NBC during the 1950s. He found the presence of an audience distracting, and those in the seats frequently did not understand some of the more elaborate visual gags and special effects, which could only be appreciated by watching studio monitors instead of the stage.", "In March 1996, Adams detailed her experiences before the National Film Preservation Board. Adams first used some of the videotapes she had purchased for a 1968 ABC television special, The Comedy of Ernie Kovacs; to produce the show, she hired Kovacs's former producer and editor. The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters.", "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer. Kovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death.", "An example: Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, the founder of an automobile company, was the program's \"mystery guest.\" Previous questioning had established that the mystery guest's name was synonymous with an automobile brand, Kovacs asked, \"Are you – and this is just a wild guess – but are you Abraham Lincoln? \"—a reference to the Ford Motor Company's Lincoln automobiles.", "Kovacs also went outside of the studio for some of his skits, running through a downtown Philadelphia restaurant in a gorilla suit in one; in another, he looked into a construction pit, saying it was deep enough to see to China, when a man in Chinese clothing popped up, said a few words in the language, and ran off. Despite its popularity, the weekly prop budget for the show was just $15.", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont in 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia and pleurisy that his doctors didn't expect him to survive. During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals. While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR." ]

[ "Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\".", "The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\" He is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\" Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them.", "Kovacs also went outside of the studio for some of his skits, running through a downtown Philadelphia restaurant in a gorilla suit in one; in another, he looked into a construction pit, saying it was deep enough to see to China, when a man in Chinese clothing popped up, said a few words in the language, and ran off. Despite its popularity, the weekly prop budget for the show was just $15.", "Some of the issues regarding Kovacs' tax problems were still unresolved years after his death. Kovacs had purchased two insurance policies in 1951; his mother was named as the primary beneficiary of them. The IRS placed a lien against them both for their cash value in 1961. To stop the actions being taken against her, Mary Kovacs had to go to Federal court.", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth-floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City. During this time, he watched many \"Grade B\" movies; admission was only ten cents. Many of these movies influenced his comedy routines later. A 1938 local newspaper photograph shows Kovacs as a member of the Prospect Players, not yet wearing his trademark mustache. Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies.", "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer. Kovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death.", "In March 1996, Adams detailed her experiences before the National Film Preservation Board. Adams first used some of the videotapes she had purchased for a 1968 ABC television special, The Comedy of Ernie Kovacs; to produce the show, she hired Kovacs's former producer and editor. The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters.", "Kovacs's first paid entertainment work was during 1941 as an announcer for Trenton's radio station WTTM. He spent the next nine years with WTTM, becoming the station's director of special events; in this job he did things like trying to see what it was like to be run over by a train (leaving the tracks at the last minute) and broadcasting from the cockpit of a plane for which he took flying lessons.", "The series was narrated by Jack Lemmon. The series was narrated by Jack Lemmon. During the early 1990s, The Comedy Channel broadcast a series of Kovacs' shows under the generic title of The Ernie Kovacs Show. The series included both the ABC specials and some of his 1950s shows from NBC. By 2008, there were no broadcast, cable, or satellite channels broadcasting any of Kovacs's television work, other than his panel appearances on What's My Line? on the Game Show Network." ]

[ "Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\".", "Drake Publishers; Reprinted as The Ernie Kovacs Phile by David Walley, Bolder Books, 1978 and Fireside/Simon & Schuster, 1987; External links The Official Ernie Kovacs Website Ernie Kovacs Dot Net: A Tribute To Television's Original Genius Kovacsland Online! – the Ernie Kovacs website List of Kovacs' 16 articles for MAD magazine Watch The Jack Benny Program with Ernie Kovacs as guest at the Internet Archive Operation Mad Ball Trailer (1957) at the Internet Archive John Barbour's documentary Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius at John Barbour's World Ernie Kovacs Dutch Masters Cigar Commercial 1919 births 1962 deaths 20th-century American male actors American people of Hungarian descent American comedy writers American game show hosts American male film actors American male television actors American humorists American satirists American comics writers American television talk show hosts Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) Emmy Award winners Mad (magazine) people Male actors from New Jersey Actors from Trenton, New Jersey Road incident deaths in California Trenton Central High School alumni Writers from Trenton, New Jersey American male comedy actors 20th-century American comedians", "(a parody of Ripley's Believe It or Not! that was a regular feature of his television shows) and Gringo, a board game with ridiculously complicated rules that was renamed Droongo for the television show. Kovacs also wrote the introduction to the 1958 collection Mad For Keeps: A Collection of the Best from Mad Magazine.", "The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\" He is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\" Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them.", "One innovative construction involved attaching a kaleidoscope made from a toilet paper roll to a camera lens with cardboard and tape and setting the resulting abstract images to music. Another was a soup can with both ends removed fitted with angled mirrors. Used on a camera and turning it could put Kovacs seemingly on the ceiling. An underwater stunt involved cigar smoker Kovacs sitting in an easy chair, reading his newspaper and somehow smoking a cigar.", "While he worked on several other book projects, Kovacs's only other published title was How to Talk at Gin, published posthumously in 1962. He intended part of the book's proceeds to benefit Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. During 1955–58, he wrote for Mad (his favorite humor magazine), including the feature \"Strangely Believe It!\" (a parody of Ripley's Believe It or Not!", "He presented a gorilla version of Swan Lake which differed from the usual performance only in the persona of the dancers, along with giant paper clips moving to music and other sketches. He also served as host on a jazz album to benefit the American Cancer Society in 1957, Listening to Jazz with Ernie Kovacs.", "The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters. Most of Kovacs's salvaged work is available to researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles Library's Department of Special Collections: additional material is available at the Paley Center for Media. The 1984 television film Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter helped return Kovacs to the public's attention, though the show emphasized his bid to retrieve his kidnapped children instead of his professional life.", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont in 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia and pleurisy that his doctors didn't expect him to survive. During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals. While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR." ]

[ "Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\".", "The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\" He is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\" Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them.", "Some of the issues regarding Kovacs' tax problems were still unresolved years after his death. Kovacs had purchased two insurance policies in 1951; his mother was named as the primary beneficiary of them. The IRS placed a lien against them both for their cash value in 1961. To stop the actions being taken against her, Mary Kovacs had to go to Federal court.", "He was one of the first television comedians to use odd fake credits and comments between the legitimate credits and, at times, during his routines. Kovacs reportedly disliked working in front of a live audience, as was the case with the shows he did for NBC during the 1950s. He found the presence of an audience distracting, and those in the seats frequently did not understand some of the more elaborate visual gags and special effects, which could only be appreciated by watching studio monitors instead of the stage.", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont in 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia and pleurisy that his doctors didn't expect him to survive. During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals. While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR.", "Kovacs's first paid entertainment work was during 1941 as an announcer for Trenton's radio station WTTM. He spent the next nine years with WTTM, becoming the station's director of special events; in this job he did things like trying to see what it was like to be run over by a train (leaving the tracks at the last minute) and broadcasting from the cockpit of a plane for which he took flying lessons.", "When Kovacs began drama school, all he could afford was a fifth-floor walk-up apartment on West 74th Street in New York City. During this time, he watched many \"Grade B\" movies; admission was only ten cents. Many of these movies influenced his comedy routines later. A 1938 local newspaper photograph shows Kovacs as a member of the Prospect Players, not yet wearing his trademark mustache. Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies.", "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer. Kovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death.", "In March 1996, Adams detailed her experiences before the National Film Preservation Board. Adams first used some of the videotapes she had purchased for a 1968 ABC television special, The Comedy of Ernie Kovacs; to produce the show, she hired Kovacs's former producer and editor. The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters." ]

[ "The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\" He is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\" Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them.", "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer. Kovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death.", "He presented a gorilla version of Swan Lake which differed from the usual performance only in the persona of the dancers, along with giant paper clips moving to music and other sketches. He also served as host on a jazz album to benefit the American Cancer Society in 1957, Listening to Jazz with Ernie Kovacs.", "The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters. Most of Kovacs's salvaged work is available to researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles Library's Department of Special Collections: additional material is available at the Paley Center for Media. The 1984 television film Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter helped return Kovacs to the public's attention, though the show emphasized his bid to retrieve his kidnapped children instead of his professional life.", "Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\".", "The original three-minute presentation was outlined by Kovacs in a four-page, single-spaced memo to his staff. The perfectionist Kovacs describes in minute detail what had to be done and how to do it. The memo ends with this: \"I don't know how the hell you're going to get this done by Sunday – but 'rots of ruck.\" (signed) \"Ernie (with love)\".", "Adams, who married and divorced twice after Kovacs' death, refused help from celebrity friends who planned a benefit for the purpose. \"I can take care of my own children,\" she said, and resolved to accept offers only from those who wanted to hire her for her talents. Adams eventually paid all of Kovacs's debts. Lost and surviving work Most of Kovacs's early television work was performed live: few kinescopes have survived.", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont in 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia and pleurisy that his doctors didn't expect him to survive. During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals. While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR.", "Kovacs's first paid entertainment work was during 1941 as an announcer for Trenton's radio station WTTM. He spent the next nine years with WTTM, becoming the station's director of special events; in this job he did things like trying to see what it was like to be run over by a train (leaving the tracks at the last minute) and broadcasting from the cockpit of a plane for which he took flying lessons." ]

[ "He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\". In 1961, Kovacs was served with a $75,000 lien for back taxes; that same day he bought the California Racquet Club with the apparent hope of being able to use it as a tax write-off. The property had mortgages at the time of purchase which were later paid by Edie Adams. His tax woes also affected Kovacs's career, forcing him to take any offered work to pay his debt.", "Kovacs used his class vacation time to pursue roles in summer stock companies. While working in Vermont in 1939, he became so seriously ill with pneumonia and pleurisy that his doctors didn't expect him to survive. During the next year and a half, his comedic talents developed as he entertained both doctors and patients with his antics during stays at several hospitals. While hospitalized, Kovacs developed a lifelong love of classical music by the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR.", "The original three-minute presentation was outlined by Kovacs in a four-page, single-spaced memo to his staff. The perfectionist Kovacs describes in minute detail what had to be done and how to do it. The memo ends with this: \"I don't know how the hell you're going to get this done by Sunday – but 'rots of ruck.\" (signed) \"Ernie (with love)\".", "The pastor said that Kovacs had summed up his life thus: \"I was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1919 to a Hungarian couple. I've been smoking cigars ever since.\" He is buried in Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads \"Nothing in moderation—We all loved him.\" Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them.", "Tax evasion A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the Internal Revenue Service several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes, due to his refusal to pay the bulk of them. Up to 90% of his earnings were garnished as a result. His long battles with the IRS inspired Kovacs to invest his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\".", "Adams, who married and divorced twice after Kovacs' death, refused help from celebrity friends who planned a benefit for the purpose. \"I can take care of my own children,\" she said, and resolved to accept offers only from those who wanted to hire her for her talents. Adams eventually paid all of Kovacs's debts. Lost and surviving work Most of Kovacs's early television work was performed live: few kinescopes have survived.", "Kovacs's first paid entertainment work was during 1941 as an announcer for Trenton's radio station WTTM. He spent the next nine years with WTTM, becoming the station's director of special events; in this job he did things like trying to see what it was like to be run over by a train (leaving the tracks at the last minute) and broadcasting from the cockpit of a plane for which he took flying lessons.", "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer. Kovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death.", "The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters. Most of Kovacs's salvaged work is available to researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles Library's Department of Special Collections: additional material is available at the Paley Center for Media. The 1984 television film Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter helped return Kovacs to the public's attention, though the show emphasized his bid to retrieve his kidnapped children instead of his professional life.", "He presented a gorilla version of Swan Lake which differed from the usual performance only in the persona of the dancers, along with giant paper clips moving to music and other sketches. He also served as host on a jazz album to benefit the American Cancer Society in 1957, Listening to Jazz with Ernie Kovacs." ]

[ "The series was narrated by Jack Lemmon. The series was narrated by Jack Lemmon. During the early 1990s, The Comedy Channel broadcast a series of Kovacs' shows under the generic title of The Ernie Kovacs Show. The series included both the ABC specials and some of his 1950s shows from NBC. By 2008, there were no broadcast, cable, or satellite channels broadcasting any of Kovacs's television work, other than his panel appearances on What's My Line? on the Game Show Network.", "Kovacs also went outside of the studio for some of his skits, running through a downtown Philadelphia restaurant in a gorilla suit in one; in another, he looked into a construction pit, saying it was deep enough to see to China, when a man in Chinese clothing popped up, said a few words in the language, and ran off. Despite its popularity, the weekly prop budget for the show was just $15.", "Lost and surviving work Most of Kovacs's early television work was performed live: few kinescopes have survived. Some videotapes of his ABC specials were preserved; others, such as his quirky game show, Take a Good Look, were available mostly in short segments until recently, with the release of some complete, videotaped episodes.", "He produced a series of non-speaking television commercials for Dutch Masters during the run of his television series Take A Good Look which was praised by both television critics and viewers. While praised by critics, Kovacs rarely had a highly-rated show. The Museum of Broadcast Communications says, \"It is doubtful that Ernie Kovacs would find a place on television today. He was too zany, too unrestrained, too undisciplined. Perhaps Jack Gould of The New York Times said it best for Ernie Kovacs: 'The fun was in trying'.\"", "Some videotapes of his ABC specials were preserved; others, such as his quirky game show, Take a Good Look, were available mostly in short segments until recently, with the release of some complete, videotaped episodes. After Kovacs's death, Adams discovered not only that her husband owed ABC a great deal of money, but that some networks were systematically erasing and reusing tapes of Kovacs's shows or disposing of the kinescopes and videotapes.", "He presented a gorilla version of Swan Lake which differed from the usual performance only in the persona of the dancers, along with giant paper clips moving to music and other sketches. He also served as host on a jazz album to benefit the American Cancer Society in 1957, Listening to Jazz with Ernie Kovacs.", "The hour-long program was sponsored by Kovacs's former sponsor, Dutch Masters. Most of Kovacs's salvaged work is available to researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles Library's Department of Special Collections: additional material is available at the Paley Center for Media. The 1984 television film Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter helped return Kovacs to the public's attention, though the show emphasized his bid to retrieve his kidnapped children instead of his professional life.", "He would give them bizarre names, such as \"The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company\". In 1961, Kovacs was served with a $75,000 lien for back taxes; that same day he bought the California Racquet Club with the apparent hope of being able to use it as a tax write-off. The property had mortgages at the time of purchase which were later paid by Edie Adams. His tax woes also affected Kovacs's career, forcing him to take any offered work to pay his debt.", "He was one of the first television comedians to use odd fake credits and comments between the legitimate credits and, at times, during his routines. Kovacs reportedly disliked working in front of a live audience, as was the case with the shows he did for NBC during the 1950s. He found the presence of an audience distracting, and those in the seats frequently did not understand some of the more elaborate visual gags and special effects, which could only be appreciated by watching studio monitors instead of the stage." ]

[ "Thereafter results began to improve, with Amon qualifying 17th and finishing eighth in the USA West GP; qualifying tenth and finishing fifth in the Spanish GP; and then qualifying eighth for the Belgian GP. More points then seemed likely from the race until his car lost a wheel 19 laps from the finish and Amon was lucky to escape unhurt from the ensuing accident.", "Apart from driving, Chris Amon also ran his own Formula One team for a short period in 1974. Away from Formula One, Amon had some success in sports car racing, teaming with co-driver Bruce McLaren to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in . Early life Amon was born in Bulls, and attended Whanganui Collegiate School. He was the only child of wealthy sheep-owners Ngaio and Betty Amon. He learned to drive at the age of six, taught by a farm worker on the family farm.", "Throughout the rest of the season he never qualified lower than fifth place and nearly scored victories at the British and Canadian rounds and he suffered a 100 mph crash in Italy which demolished his car. In Britain, he duelled to the line with Jo Siffert's Lotus 49B and in Canada he dominated the race despite a malfunctioning clutch. Seventeen laps from the finish, however, his car's transmission failed and a distraught Amon had to be consoled by Jacky Ickx.", "Amon had to slow to avoid risking a major accident, thereby allowing other drivers to catch and overtake him. He finished the race in sixth place, scoring just one Championship point. During the year Amon also competed in the non-championship Questor Grand Prix at the new Ontario Motor Speedway, where he qualified second and, despite suffering a puncture during the race, managed to finish fourth.", "The book makes clear one point on which Amon himself disagrees with most commentators, the issue of his bad luck. Amon has pointed out on several occasions that he competed for a decade and a half in Formula One and survived some serious accidents, notably in 1976, whilst others, including friends like Bruce McLaren, suffered serious injury and death. In 2008, motorsport journalist Alan Henry rated Chris Amon as his 13th greatest driver.", "Seventeen laps from the finish, however, his car's transmission failed and a distraught Amon had to be consoled by Jacky Ickx. From at least ten promising starts that season he was only able to finish five races and score ten Championship points. His best finish was second place to Siffert's Lotus-Cosworth at the British Grand Prix. Outside F1, Amon was runner-up in the Formula Two race at Zolder, Belgium, testing the Dino 166 F2. He also came third in that year's BRDC International Trophy.", "More points then seemed likely from the race until his car lost a wheel 19 laps from the finish and Amon was lucky to escape unhurt from the ensuing accident. He then achieved a third-place grid position start for the Swedish GP using a Nicholson rebuilt Cosworth for the first time and in the race looked as if he would join Tyrrell drivers Jody Scheckter and Patrick Depailler on the podium, until suspension failure threw him from the track after 38 laps.", "These races included many of Amon's otherwise more successful fellow Formula One drivers. Amon also remains the only driver from New Zealand and Oceania to have raced for Scuderia Ferrari in Formula One. In Formula One, Chris Amon took part in 96 Grands Prix, achieving 5 poles, leading 183 laps in 7 races, reaching the podium 11 times and scoring a total of 83 Championship points. Amon holds the record for the most different makes of car raced by a Formula 1 World Championship driver, with thirteen.", "Amon scored his first podium in his first official outing for the Scuderia in Monaco and at the end of 1967 had achieved four third places finishing fifth in the Drivers' Championship, in what was going to be the most successful season of his career. Amon's Ferrari contract also included sports car racing and he began 1967 by winning the Daytona 24 Hours and 1000km Monza events with Bandini in the 4-litre Ferrari 330-P4." ]

[ "Apart from driving, Chris Amon also ran his own Formula One team for a short period in 1974. Away from Formula One, Amon had some success in sports car racing, teaming with co-driver Bruce McLaren to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in . Early life Amon was born in Bulls, and attended Whanganui Collegiate School. He was the only child of wealthy sheep-owners Ngaio and Betty Amon. He learned to drive at the age of six, taught by a farm worker on the family farm.", "The book makes clear one point on which Amon himself disagrees with most commentators, the issue of his bad luck. Amon has pointed out on several occasions that he competed for a decade and a half in Formula One and survived some serious accidents, notably in 1976, whilst others, including friends like Bruce McLaren, suffered serious injury and death. In 2008, motorsport journalist Alan Henry rated Chris Amon as his 13th greatest driver.", "His reputation for bad luck was such that fellow driver Mario Andretti once joked that \"if he became an undertaker, people would stop dying\". Former Ferrari Technical Director Mauro Forghieri stated that Amon was \"by far the best test driver I have ever worked with. He had all the qualities to be a World Champion but bad luck just wouldn't let him be\". Apart from driving, Chris Amon also ran his own Formula One team for a short period in 1974.", "In 2008, motorsport journalist Alan Henry rated Chris Amon as his 13th greatest driver. Reflecting on the 1968 racing death of Jim Clark, Amon said: \"If this can happen to Jimmy, what chance do the rest of us have? I think we all felt that. It seemed like we'd lost our leader.\" In 1995, Amon was inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame.", "Christopher Arthur Amon (20 July 1943 – 3 August 2016) was a New Zealand motor racing driver. He was active in Formula One racing in the 1960s and 1970s and is widely regarded as one of the best F1 drivers never to win a championship Grand Prix. His reputation for bad luck was such that fellow driver Mario Andretti once joked that \"if he became an undertaker, people would stop dying\".", "He trained Central Districts Stags cricket team, and was revealed to be Brendon Hartley's personal trainer. Legacy Despite never winning a championship Formula One Grand Prix, Amon won eight non-championship GPs, the Silverstone International Trophy, the 1000 km Monza, the Daytona 24 Hours, the Tasman Series and, perhaps most significant of all, the famous 24 Heures du Mans (alongside Bruce McLaren). These races included many of Amon's otherwise more successful fellow Formula One drivers.", "Death Amon died in Rotorua Hospital on 3 August 2016, aged 73, of cancer. He was survived by his wife (they married in 1977) their three children and their grandchildren. One of his sons, James, is a qualified High Performance personal trainer. He trained Central Districts Stags cricket team, and was revealed to be Brendon Hartley's personal trainer.", "Throughout the rest of the season he never qualified lower than fifth place and nearly scored victories at the British and Canadian rounds and he suffered a 100 mph crash in Italy which demolished his car. In Britain, he duelled to the line with Jo Siffert's Lotus 49B and in Canada he dominated the race despite a malfunctioning clutch. Seventeen laps from the finish, however, his car's transmission failed and a distraught Amon had to be consoled by Jacky Ickx.", "Amon holds the record for the most different makes of car raced by a Formula 1 World Championship driver, with thirteen. A biography Forza Amon by journalist Eoin Young charts Amon's racing career and gives some insights into his personal life. The book makes clear one point on which Amon himself disagrees with most commentators, the issue of his bad luck." ]

[ "Apart from driving, Chris Amon also ran his own Formula One team for a short period in 1974. Away from Formula One, Amon had some success in sports car racing, teaming with co-driver Bruce McLaren to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in . Early life Amon was born in Bulls, and attended Whanganui Collegiate School. He was the only child of wealthy sheep-owners Ngaio and Betty Amon. He learned to drive at the age of six, taught by a farm worker on the family farm.", "Throughout the rest of the season he never qualified lower than fifth place and nearly scored victories at the British and Canadian rounds and he suffered a 100 mph crash in Italy which demolished his car. In Britain, he duelled to the line with Jo Siffert's Lotus 49B and in Canada he dominated the race despite a malfunctioning clutch. Seventeen laps from the finish, however, his car's transmission failed and a distraught Amon had to be consoled by Jacky Ickx.", "Christopher Arthur Amon (20 July 1943 – 3 August 2016) was a New Zealand motor racing driver. He was active in Formula One racing in the 1960s and 1970s and is widely regarded as one of the best F1 drivers never to win a championship Grand Prix. His reputation for bad luck was such that fellow driver Mario Andretti once joked that \"if he became an undertaker, people would stop dying\".", "At Surfers Paradise, running from the back of the grid he managed to eventually pass Walker by widening the braking zone in the only corner where overtaking was usually possible. Amon brushed the edge of the track on repeated laps, got extra grip and passed Walker to take the lead. He had been forced to miss most of the practice session, when Customs seized his car's gearbox. In the race, the brilliant effort went for nothing as the Chev engine blew.", "His reputation for bad luck was such that fellow driver Mario Andretti once joked that \"if he became an undertaker, people would stop dying\". Former Ferrari Technical Director Mauro Forghieri stated that Amon was \"by far the best test driver I have ever worked with. He had all the qualities to be a World Champion but bad luck just wouldn't let him be\". Apart from driving, Chris Amon also ran his own Formula One team for a short period in 1974.", "At Watkins Glen in the USGP he was robbed of a probably certain victory, in the opinion of March designer Robin Herd, by a puncture. By the end of the year, disagreements with March co-founders Mosley and Robin Herd meant that Amon had decided to move to another relatively new team, Matra. 1971 In 1971, Amon, now driving for the Matra factory team, once again scored a pre-season victory, this time at the Argentine Grand Prix.", "In 2008, motorsport journalist Alan Henry rated Chris Amon as his 13th greatest driver. Reflecting on the 1968 racing death of Jim Clark, Amon said: \"If this can happen to Jimmy, what chance do the rest of us have? I think we all felt that. It seemed like we'd lost our leader.\" In 1995, Amon was inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame.", "Thereafter results began to improve, with Amon qualifying 17th and finishing eighth in the USA West GP; qualifying tenth and finishing fifth in the Spanish GP; and then qualifying eighth for the Belgian GP. More points then seemed likely from the race until his car lost a wheel 19 laps from the finish and Amon was lucky to escape unhurt from the ensuing accident.", "He subsequently received an invitation to meet Enzo Ferrari at the Ferrari home in Maranello, where he signed to race for Ferrari in 1967 alongside Lorenzo Bandini, Mike Parkes and Ludovico Scarfiotti. 1967 Amon's first year with Ferrari did not begin auspiciously. En route to Brands Hatch for the pre-season Formula One Race of Champions, he crashed his road car and, following race practice, had to withdraw." ]

[ "Christopher Arthur Amon (20 July 1943 – 3 August 2016) was a New Zealand motor racing driver. He was active in Formula One racing in the 1960s and 1970s and is widely regarded as one of the best F1 drivers never to win a championship Grand Prix. His reputation for bad luck was such that fellow driver Mario Andretti once joked that \"if he became an undertaker, people would stop dying\".", "In 2008, motorsport journalist Alan Henry rated Chris Amon as his 13th greatest driver. Reflecting on the 1968 racing death of Jim Clark, Amon said: \"If this can happen to Jimmy, what chance do the rest of us have? I think we all felt that. It seemed like we'd lost our leader.\" In 1995, Amon was inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame.", "His reputation for bad luck was such that fellow driver Mario Andretti once joked that \"if he became an undertaker, people would stop dying\". Former Ferrari Technical Director Mauro Forghieri stated that Amon was \"by far the best test driver I have ever worked with. He had all the qualities to be a World Champion but bad luck just wouldn't let him be\". Apart from driving, Chris Amon also ran his own Formula One team for a short period in 1974.", "Throughout the rest of the season he never qualified lower than fifth place and nearly scored victories at the British and Canadian rounds and he suffered a 100 mph crash in Italy which demolished his car. In Britain, he duelled to the line with Jo Siffert's Lotus 49B and in Canada he dominated the race despite a malfunctioning clutch. Seventeen laps from the finish, however, his car's transmission failed and a distraught Amon had to be consoled by Jacky Ickx.", "Death Amon died in Rotorua Hospital on 3 August 2016, aged 73, of cancer. He was survived by his wife (they married in 1977) their three children and their grandchildren. One of his sons, James, is a qualified High Performance personal trainer. He trained Central Districts Stags cricket team, and was revealed to be Brendon Hartley's personal trainer.", "Amon then qualified sixth for the Spanish Grand Prix only for his March's Ford-Cosworth DFV engine to expire within ten laps. He qualified and ran second in the 1970 Monaco Grand Prix until his suspension failed twenty laps from the finish. This was the race where Amon refused to drive unless his entry number was changed from 18 – the number under which his then teammate Lorenzo Bandini had crashed and died in Monaco – to 28.", "Apart from driving, Chris Amon also ran his own Formula One team for a short period in 1974. Away from Formula One, Amon had some success in sports car racing, teaming with co-driver Bruce McLaren to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in . Early life Amon was born in Bulls, and attended Whanganui Collegiate School. He was the only child of wealthy sheep-owners Ngaio and Betty Amon. He learned to drive at the age of six, taught by a farm worker on the family farm.", "Further problems and illness meant Amon was not able to reappear with the F101 until the Italian GP, three races from the end of the season, but this time he was unable to qualify. That sealed the fate of both the car and Chris Amon Racing, leaving Amon to drive the season's last two races with the faltering BRM team. He would later reveal that he had turned down a chance to join the Brabham team earlier in the season.", "He continued to experience mechanical problems at the Dutch, Mexican and German Grands Prix; and after an accident in practice for the Italian Grand Prix left him hanging out of his car's cockpit with three broken ribs, he missed both the Italian and United States rounds. Amon usually qualified in the midfield and generally outpaced his teammates, who included his good friend Mike Hailwood. His best results of the year were seventh at the French and British Grands Prix." ]

[ "In between touring, the band returned to the studio to record what would become their seventh EP, Behave Yourself. In an interview with Flavorwire, Maust talked about the differences between this and Loyalty to Loyalty: \"It’s basically the happier, more vibrant songs that didn’t really fit on the [Loyalty] album. We realized that in a way, we were starting to work ahead of ourselves, so this [EP] works as a nice bridge between records.\"", "The latter was released on April 2, 2013. The latter was released on April 2, 2013. They followed that up with an EP titled Tuxedos, released on September 17, 2013. They promoted both efforts with a U.S. headline tour that ended on November 6, 2013. In November 2013, they announced that a fifth album was in the works.", "James McMahon of NME said that \"Almost in defiance of poor sales and cult following, CWK and their charming second album embody everything you hoped music might be.\" 2009–2011: Behave Yourself and Mine is Yours Cold War Kids spent the end of 2008 and most of 2009 on the road touring for Loyalty to Loyalty, highlighted by a national tour with Death Cab for Cutie. In between touring, the band returned to the studio to record what would become their seventh EP, Behave Yourself.", "The album titled Robbers & Cowards was released on October 10, 2006, with sales close to 200,000 copies. Critics were impressed with the band's blues rock sound and lyrics that told morose tales of yesteryear: Joe Tacopino of PopMatters said that \"These ambitious youngsters are definitely worth the trip, even without the ostentatious vocal harmonies.\" Jeff Weiss of Stylus Magazine called the album \"[It’s] a good debut, maybe even a very good one.", "The EP is the final reminder of the good old days of quick and fun, minimal Cold War Kids recording.\" Mine Is Yours was released on January 25, 2011, and garnered mixed reviews from critics. Billboard said that \"the band has emerged with a set that's more inviting than its first but just as catchy.\" Sean O'Neal of The A.V. Club said that the album has \"the bland sound of a band trading identity for ambition.\"", "The song was released on iTunes on March 3, 2014, and the music video that went along with the track premiered on YouTube on April 4, 2014. In May 2014, Willett and Maust worked on a side project with We Barbarians' Nathan Warkentin called French Style Furs. The project's debut album, Is Exotic Bait, was released on July 8, 2014.", "In 2006, the band signed with Downtown/V2 and released their major label debut Robbers & Cowards to cult appeal from fans and critics. 2008's Loyalty to Loyalty and 2011's Mine Is Yours saw the band develop different musical sounds and lyrical content throughout to mixed reviews. The band's seventh studio album, New Age Norms 1, was released on November 1, 2019. History 2004–2006: Early years and Robbers & Cowards The members of Cold War Kids met at Biola University.", "Jeff Weiss of Stylus Magazine called the album \"[It’s] a good debut, maybe even a very good one. Whether or not this band will achieve greatness remains anybody’s guess.\" One of the album's biggest detractors came from Marc Hogan of Pitchfork, who criticized the band for its songwriting, melodies, and Christian symbolism, saying that \"Robbers and Cowards insults our intelligence a few times too often.\"", "In February 2012, the band announced that lead guitarist Jonnie Russell left the band due to personal reasons. 2012–2015: Dear Miss Lonelyhearts and Hold My Home In January 2012, Cold War Kids announced that former Modest Mouse guitarist Dann Gallucci would take Russell's place in the band and premiere on their new single \"Minimum Day\". On January 15, 2013, the band announced a new single, \"Miracle Mile\", for their fourth album, Dear Miss Lonelyhearts. The latter was released on April 2, 2013." ]

[ "Maust came up with the band's name around 1997, during his travels in Eastern Europe with his brother, where they found a park in Budapest with missing statues, taken away after Communism fell. Seeing that there was a playground in the park, Maust said \"...being in that environment just made the phrase 'Cold War Kids' pop into my head. I may have heard it before. I'm a Cold War kid, too – I was born in 1979.\"", "Club said that the album has \"the bland sound of a band trading identity for ambition.\" Cold War Kids supported the album with a spring tour across North America that included festival appearances at Bonnaroo and Coachella. In February 2012, the band announced that lead guitarist Jonnie Russell left the band due to personal reasons.", "Cold War Kids set a fall U.S. headlining tour to promote the album. Musical style and influences AllMusic's Heather Phares cites Bob Dylan, Billie Holiday, Jeff Buckley, and The Velvet Underground as influences for the band's blues rock-influenced indie rock sound. The band has identified other major influences as Fiona Apple, Nick Cave, Led Zeppelin, Radiohead, The Smiths, U2, and Tom Waits.", "Cold War Kids is an American alternative rock band from Long Beach, California. Band members are Nathan Willett (vocals, piano, guitar), Matt Maust (bass guitar), David Quon (guitar, backing vocals), Matthew Schwartz (keyboards, backing vocals, guitar, percussion), and Joe Plummer (drums, percussion).", "Former members of the band include Dann Gallucci (guitar, keyboards, percussion), Matt Aveiro (drums, percussion), and Jonnie Russell (guitar, vocals, piano, keyboards, percussion). Forming in 2004 in Fullerton California, the Cold War Kids' early releases came from independent record label Monarchy Music. In 2006, the band signed with Downtown/V2 and released their major label debut Robbers & Cowards to cult appeal from fans and critics.", "History 2004–2006: Early years and Robbers & Cowards The members of Cold War Kids met at Biola University. They formed a band in 2004 when they would meet regularly in Jonnie Russell's apartment above a restaurant called Mulberry Street in downtown Fullerton. Maust came up with the band's name around 1997, during his travels in Eastern Europe with his brother, where they found a park in Budapest with missing statues, taken away after Communism fell.", "2008: Loyalty to Loyalty After two years of non-stop worldwide touring and an eventual relocation to Long Beach, California, Cold War Kids went back into the studio in spring 2008 with the producer of their first record, Kevin Augunas. Nathan described the record making process: “Throughout the record making process, we would write songs in our own little practice studio, then we’d go into the studio for, like, two days and record three or four songs, then go back into our own practice studio for, like, a few weeks.", "Actual studio days probably like 15 days. Actual studio days probably like 15 days. We don’t love being in a studio; we focus more on the writing.” Cold War Kids' second album, Loyalty to Loyalty, represented a departure from its debut, featuring a lot of narrative storytelling, as well as political and philosophical references.", "Cat Dirt Sez of the San Diego CityBeat said that Hogan's review was an example of lazy journalism, with lead guitarist Jonnie Russell saying that the reviewer wanted a wittier approach to the album rather than a thoughtful assessment of it. 2008: Loyalty to Loyalty After two years of non-stop worldwide touring and an eventual relocation to Long Beach, California, Cold War Kids went back into the studio in spring 2008 with the producer of their first record, Kevin Augunas." ]

[ "Club said that the album has \"the bland sound of a band trading identity for ambition.\" Cold War Kids supported the album with a spring tour across North America that included festival appearances at Bonnaroo and Coachella. In February 2012, the band announced that lead guitarist Jonnie Russell left the band due to personal reasons.", "Maust came up with the band's name around 1997, during his travels in Eastern Europe with his brother, where they found a park in Budapest with missing statues, taken away after Communism fell. Seeing that there was a playground in the park, Maust said \"...being in that environment just made the phrase 'Cold War Kids' pop into my head. I may have heard it before. I'm a Cold War kid, too – I was born in 1979.\"", "Cold War Kids set a fall U.S. headlining tour to promote the album. Musical style and influences AllMusic's Heather Phares cites Bob Dylan, Billie Holiday, Jeff Buckley, and The Velvet Underground as influences for the band's blues rock-influenced indie rock sound. The band has identified other major influences as Fiona Apple, Nick Cave, Led Zeppelin, Radiohead, The Smiths, U2, and Tom Waits.", "2008: Loyalty to Loyalty After two years of non-stop worldwide touring and an eventual relocation to Long Beach, California, Cold War Kids went back into the studio in spring 2008 with the producer of their first record, Kevin Augunas. Nathan described the record making process: “Throughout the record making process, we would write songs in our own little practice studio, then we’d go into the studio for, like, two days and record three or four songs, then go back into our own practice studio for, like, a few weeks.", "Cold War Kids is an American alternative rock band from Long Beach, California. Band members are Nathan Willett (vocals, piano, guitar), Matt Maust (bass guitar), David Quon (guitar, backing vocals), Matthew Schwartz (keyboards, backing vocals, guitar, percussion), and Joe Plummer (drums, percussion).", "Former members of the band include Dann Gallucci (guitar, keyboards, percussion), Matt Aveiro (drums, percussion), and Jonnie Russell (guitar, vocals, piano, keyboards, percussion). Forming in 2004 in Fullerton California, the Cold War Kids' early releases came from independent record label Monarchy Music. In 2006, the band signed with Downtown/V2 and released their major label debut Robbers & Cowards to cult appeal from fans and critics.", "Cat Dirt Sez of the San Diego CityBeat said that Hogan's review was an example of lazy journalism, with lead guitarist Jonnie Russell saying that the reviewer wanted a wittier approach to the album rather than a thoughtful assessment of it. 2008: Loyalty to Loyalty After two years of non-stop worldwide touring and an eventual relocation to Long Beach, California, Cold War Kids went back into the studio in spring 2008 with the producer of their first record, Kevin Augunas.", "History 2004–2006: Early years and Robbers & Cowards The members of Cold War Kids met at Biola University. They formed a band in 2004 when they would meet regularly in Jonnie Russell's apartment above a restaurant called Mulberry Street in downtown Fullerton. Maust came up with the band's name around 1997, during his travels in Eastern Europe with his brother, where they found a park in Budapest with missing statues, taken away after Communism fell.", "Actual studio days probably like 15 days. Actual studio days probably like 15 days. We don’t love being in a studio; we focus more on the writing.” Cold War Kids' second album, Loyalty to Loyalty, represented a departure from its debut, featuring a lot of narrative storytelling, as well as political and philosophical references." ]

[ "Former members of the band include Dann Gallucci (guitar, keyboards, percussion), Matt Aveiro (drums, percussion), and Jonnie Russell (guitar, vocals, piano, keyboards, percussion). Forming in 2004 in Fullerton California, the Cold War Kids' early releases came from independent record label Monarchy Music. In 2006, the band signed with Downtown/V2 and released their major label debut Robbers & Cowards to cult appeal from fans and critics.", "Cold War Kids is an American alternative rock band from Long Beach, California. Band members are Nathan Willett (vocals, piano, guitar), Matt Maust (bass guitar), David Quon (guitar, backing vocals), Matthew Schwartz (keyboards, backing vocals, guitar, percussion), and Joe Plummer (drums, percussion).", "History 2004–2006: Early years and Robbers & Cowards The members of Cold War Kids met at Biola University. They formed a band in 2004 when they would meet regularly in Jonnie Russell's apartment above a restaurant called Mulberry Street in downtown Fullerton. Maust came up with the band's name around 1997, during his travels in Eastern Europe with his brother, where they found a park in Budapest with missing statues, taken away after Communism fell.", "Cold War Kids set a fall U.S. headlining tour to promote the album. Musical style and influences AllMusic's Heather Phares cites Bob Dylan, Billie Holiday, Jeff Buckley, and The Velvet Underground as influences for the band's blues rock-influenced indie rock sound. The band has identified other major influences as Fiona Apple, Nick Cave, Led Zeppelin, Radiohead, The Smiths, U2, and Tom Waits.", "2008: Loyalty to Loyalty After two years of non-stop worldwide touring and an eventual relocation to Long Beach, California, Cold War Kids went back into the studio in spring 2008 with the producer of their first record, Kevin Augunas. Nathan described the record making process: “Throughout the record making process, we would write songs in our own little practice studio, then we’d go into the studio for, like, two days and record three or four songs, then go back into our own practice studio for, like, a few weeks.", "Cat Dirt Sez of the San Diego CityBeat said that Hogan's review was an example of lazy journalism, with lead guitarist Jonnie Russell saying that the reviewer wanted a wittier approach to the album rather than a thoughtful assessment of it. 2008: Loyalty to Loyalty After two years of non-stop worldwide touring and an eventual relocation to Long Beach, California, Cold War Kids went back into the studio in spring 2008 with the producer of their first record, Kevin Augunas.", "We don’t love being in a studio; we focus more on the writing.” Cold War Kids' second album, Loyalty to Loyalty, represented a departure from its debut, featuring a lot of narrative storytelling, as well as political and philosophical references. In an interview with NPR, Nathan described the songwriting process for the album: \"The choices that we make have always been organic ones, to try to grow at a rate that makes sense,\" Willett says.", "2016–2018: L.A. Divine On March 16, 2016, Cold War Kids announced via their Instagram the departure of lead guitarist Dann Gallucci and that he was to be replaced by We Barbarians' David Quon. On October 31, 2016, Cold War Kids released a single called \"Locker Room Talk\", as part of the 30 Days, 50 Songs project protesting Donald Trump's presidential run. The band stated that \"At this point in the game, taking a shot at Trump almost feels unnecessary. Too easy.", "The album also spawned the single \"First\" in February 2015. Despite mixed reactions from critics on the overall quality and consistency of the album, \"First\" went on to chart at number 1 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart, making it the band's highest charting single ever. 2016–2018: L.A. Divine On March 16, 2016, Cold War Kids announced via their Instagram the departure of lead guitarist Dann Gallucci and that he was to be replaced by We Barbarians' David Quon.", "In 2006, the band signed with Downtown/V2 and released their major label debut Robbers & Cowards to cult appeal from fans and critics. 2008's Loyalty to Loyalty and 2011's Mine Is Yours saw the band develop different musical sounds and lyrical content throughout to mixed reviews. The band's seventh studio album, New Age Norms 1, was released on November 1, 2019. History 2004–2006: Early years and Robbers & Cowards The members of Cold War Kids met at Biola University." ]

[ "On July 15, 2014, Cold War Kids released the first single, \"All This Could Be Yours\", from their fifth album Hold My Home, which was released on October 21. The release of Hold My Home had drummer Joe Plummer and multi-instrumentalist/singer Matthew Schwartz being credited as proper members of the band on the album's liner notes as opposed to touring members as previously credited. The album also spawned the single \"First\" in February 2015.", "The project's debut album, Is Exotic Bait, was released on July 8, 2014. The album was recorded with the assistance of Nick Launay, and the lyrics used were adapted from the poetry of twentieth-century Catholic monk and philosopher Thomas Merton. On July 15, 2014, Cold War Kids released the first single, \"All This Could Be Yours\", from their fifth album Hold My Home, which was released on October 21.", "The song was released on iTunes on March 3, 2014, and the music video that went along with the track premiered on YouTube on April 4, 2014. In May 2014, Willett and Maust worked on a side project with We Barbarians' Nathan Warkentin called French Style Furs. The project's debut album, Is Exotic Bait, was released on July 8, 2014.", "In 2006, the band signed with Downtown/V2 and released their major label debut Robbers & Cowards to cult appeal from fans and critics. 2008's Loyalty to Loyalty and 2011's Mine Is Yours saw the band develop different musical sounds and lyrical content throughout to mixed reviews. The band's seventh studio album, New Age Norms 1, was released on November 1, 2019. History 2004–2006: Early years and Robbers & Cowards The members of Cold War Kids met at Biola University.", "We realized that in a way, we were starting to work ahead of ourselves, so this [EP] works as a nice bridge between records.\" Behave Yourself was released digitally on iTunes on December 21, 2009, and given a physical version on January 19, 2010. Cold War Kids went back into the studio in February 2010. Willett, when speaking to Filter Magazine, said, \"Album three is in the works now. We are working with a producer named Jacquire King.", "James McMahon of NME said that \"Almost in defiance of poor sales and cult following, CWK and their charming second album embody everything you hoped music might be.\" 2009–2011: Behave Yourself and Mine is Yours Cold War Kids spent the end of 2008 and most of 2009 on the road touring for Loyalty to Loyalty, highlighted by a national tour with Death Cab for Cutie. In between touring, the band returned to the studio to record what would become their seventh EP, Behave Yourself.", "The album titled Robbers & Cowards was released on October 10, 2006, with sales close to 200,000 copies. Critics were impressed with the band's blues rock sound and lyrics that told morose tales of yesteryear: Joe Tacopino of PopMatters said that \"These ambitious youngsters are definitely worth the trip, even without the ostentatious vocal harmonies.\" Jeff Weiss of Stylus Magazine called the album \"[It’s] a good debut, maybe even a very good one.", "Even if it's maybe redundant, it feels great to let it all out!\" On February 2, 2017, Cold War Kids released the lead single, entitled \"Love Is Mystical\", to their sixth studio album, L.A. Divine, which was released on April 7, 2017. On December 7, 2018 Cold War Kids released the double disc compilation album This Will All Blow Over In Time, featuring radio singles as well as unreleased and rare tracks.", "In between touring, the band returned to the studio to record what would become their seventh EP, Behave Yourself. In an interview with Flavorwire, Maust talked about the differences between this and Loyalty to Loyalty: \"It’s basically the happier, more vibrant songs that didn’t really fit on the [Loyalty] album. We realized that in a way, we were starting to work ahead of ourselves, so this [EP] works as a nice bridge between records.\"" ]

[ "Early years William's exact date of birth is not known, but it was some time between the years 1056 and 1060. He was the third of four sons born to William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, the eldest being Robert Curthose, the second Richard, and the youngest Henry. Richard died around 1075 while hunting in the New Forest. William succeeded to the throne of England on his father's death in 1087, but Robert inherited Normandy. William had five or six sisters.", "Barlow noted, \"His chivalrous virtues and achievements were all too obvious. He had maintained good order and satisfactory justice in England and restored good peace to Normandy. He had extended Anglo-Norman rule in Wales, brought Scotland firmly under his lordship, recovered Maine, and kept up the pressure on the Vexin.\" Early years William's exact date of birth is not known, but it was some time between the years 1056 and 1060.", "King William the second, surnamed Rufus being slain, as before related, was laid in a cart, belonging to one Purkis, and drawn from hence, to Winchester, and buried in the Cathedral Church, of that City. Contemporary assessment William was an effective soldier, but he was a ruthless ruler and, it seems, was little liked by those he governed. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', he was \"hated by almost all his people and abhorrent to God.\"", "His younger brother Henry I hurriedly succeeded him as king. Historian Frank Barlow observed William was \"[a] rumbustious, devil-may-care soldier, without natural dignity or social graces, with no cultivated tastes and little show of conventional religious piety or morality—indeed, according to his critics, addicted to every kind of vice, particularly lust and especially sodomy.\" On the other hand, he was a wise ruler and victorious general. Barlow noted, \"His chivalrous virtues and achievements were all too obvious.", "England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Since the younger William and his brother Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of their lords, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other, or both. The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler.", "As Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority. In 1091 he invaded Normandy, crushing Robert's forces and forcing him to cede a portion of his lands. The two made up their differences and William agreed to help Robert recover lands lost to France, notably Maine." ]

[ "A brawl broke out, and their father had to intercede to restore order.<ref name=\"Barlow33\">Barlow William Rufus pp. 33–34</ref> According to William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, William Rufus was \"well set; his complexion florid, his hair yellow; of open countenance; different coloured eyes, varying with certain glittering specks; of astonishing strength, though not very tall, and his belly rather projecting.\"", "The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus ( being Latin for \"the Red\"), perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life. William was a figure of complex temperament, capable of both bellicosity and flamboyance. He did not marry nor have children, which—along with contemporary accounts—has led historians to speculate on homosexuality or bisexuality.", "William II (;  – 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus ( being Latin for \"the Red\"), perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life.", "King William the second, surnamed Rufus being slain, as before related, was laid in a cart, belonging to one Purkis, and drawn from hence, to Winchester, and buried in the Cathedral Church, of that City. Contemporary assessment William was an effective soldier, but he was a ruthless ruler and, it seems, was little liked by those he governed. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', he was \"hated by almost all his people and abhorrent to God.\"", "Rufus Stone A stone known as the \"Rufus Stone\", close to the A31 near the village of Minstead (), is claimed to mark the spot where William fell. The claim that this is the location of his death appears to date from no earlier than a 17th-century visit by Charles II to the forest. At the time the most popular account of William's death involved the fatal arrow deflecting off a tree, and Charles appears to have been shown a suitable tree.", "33–34</ref> According to William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, William Rufus was \"well set; his complexion florid, his hair yellow; of open countenance; different coloured eyes, varying with certain glittering specks; of astonishing strength, though not very tall, and his belly rather projecting.\" England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel.", "The inscription on the Rufus Stone reads: Here stood the Oak Tree, on which an arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrrell at a Stag, glanced and struck King William the second, surnamed Rufus, on the breast, of which he instantly died, on the second day of August, anno 1100. That the spot where an Event so Memorable might not hereafter be forgotten; the enclosed stone was set up by John Lord Delaware who had seen the Tree growing in this place.", "At the time the most popular account of William's death involved the fatal arrow deflecting off a tree, and Charles appears to have been shown a suitable tree. Letters in The Gentleman's Magazine reported that the tree was cut down and burned during the 18th century. Later in that century the Rufus Stone was set up. Originally it was around tall with a stone ball on top.", "Warren Hollister, \"The Strange Death of William Rufus,\" Speculum (1973) 48#4 pp. 637–653 in JSTOR William's remains are in Winchester Cathedral, scattered among royal mortuary chests positioned on the presbytery screen, flanking the choir. His skull appears to be missing, but some long bones may remain. Rufus Stone A stone known as the \"Rufus Stone\", close to the A31 near the village of Minstead (), is claimed to mark the spot where William fell." ]

[ "Noting that no \"favourites\" were identified, and that William's \"baronial friends and companions were mostly married men\", despite having concluded that the chroniclers were \"hostile and biased witnesses\", Barlow considers that \"there seems no reason why they should have invented this particular charge\" (of homosexuality) and states that, in his opinion, \"On the whole the evidence points to the king's bisexuality\". Notes Citations References External links 11th-century Normans 11th-century monarchs of England 1050s births 1100 deaths Burials at Winchester Cathedral Deaths by arrow wounds English people of French descent House of Normandy Hunting accident deaths Norman warriors Children of William the Conqueror", "The first mention of any location more exact than the New Forest comes from John Leland, who wrote in 1530 that William died at Thorougham, a placename that is no longer used, but that probably referred to a location on what is now Park Farm on the Beaulieu estates. A memorial stone in the grounds of Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire, states \"Remember King William Rufus who died in these parts then known as Truham whilst hunting on 2nd August 1100\".", "33–34</ref> According to William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, William Rufus was \"well set; his complexion florid, his hair yellow; of open countenance; different coloured eyes, varying with certain glittering specks; of astonishing strength, though not very tall, and his belly rather projecting.\" England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel.", "Barlow noted, \"His chivalrous virtues and achievements were all too obvious. He had maintained good order and satisfactory justice in England and restored good peace to Normandy. He had extended Anglo-Norman rule in Wales, brought Scotland firmly under his lordship, recovered Maine, and kept up the pressure on the Vexin.\" Early years William's exact date of birth is not known, but it was some time between the years 1056 and 1060.", "Later chroniclers added the name of the killer, a nobleman named Walter Tirel, although the description of events was later embroidered with other details that may or may not be true. The first mention of any location more exact than the New Forest comes from John Leland, who wrote in 1530 that William died at Thorougham, a placename that is no longer used, but that probably referred to a location on what is now Park Farm on the Beaulieu estates.", "The diplomatic and flexible Urban II, a new pope, was involved in a major conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, who supported Antipope Clement III. Reluctant to make another enemy, Urban came to a concordat with William, whereby William recognised Urban as pope, and Urban gave sanction to the Anglo-Norman ecclesiastical status quo. Anselm remained in exile, and William was able to claim the revenues of the archbishop of Canterbury to the end of his reign.", "His chief minister was Ranulf Flambard, whom he appointed Bishop of Durham in 1099: this was a political appointment, to a see that was also a great fiefdom. The particulars of the king's relationship with the people of England are not credibly documented. Contemporaries of William, as well as those writing after his death, roundly denounced him for presiding over what these dissenters considered a dissolute court. In keeping with the tradition of Norman leaders, William scorned the English and the English culture.", "Rufus Stone A stone known as the \"Rufus Stone\", close to the A31 near the village of Minstead (), is claimed to mark the spot where William fell. The claim that this is the location of his death appears to date from no earlier than a 17th-century visit by Charles II to the forest. At the time the most popular account of William's death involved the fatal arrow deflecting off a tree, and Charles appears to have been shown a suitable tree.", "According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', he was \"hated by almost all his people and abhorrent to God.\" Chroniclers tended to take a dim view of William's reign, arguably on account of his long and difficult struggles with the Church: these chroniclers were themselves generally clerics, and so might be expected to report him somewhat negatively. His chief minister was Ranulf Flambard, whom he appointed Bishop of Durham in 1099: this was a political appointment, to a see that was also a great fiefdom." ]

[ "A brawl broke out, and their father had to intercede to restore order.<ref name=\"Barlow33\">Barlow William Rufus pp. 33–34</ref> According to William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, William Rufus was \"well set; his complexion florid, his hair yellow; of open countenance; different coloured eyes, varying with certain glittering specks; of astonishing strength, though not very tall, and his belly rather projecting.\"", "The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus ( being Latin for \"the Red\"), perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life. William was a figure of complex temperament, capable of both bellicosity and flamboyance. He did not marry nor have children, which—along with contemporary accounts—has led historians to speculate on homosexuality or bisexuality.", "33–34</ref> According to William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, William Rufus was \"well set; his complexion florid, his hair yellow; of open countenance; different coloured eyes, varying with certain glittering specks; of astonishing strength, though not very tall, and his belly rather projecting.\" England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel.", "Warren Hollister, \"The Strange Death of William Rufus,\" Speculum (1973) 48#4 pp. 637–653 in JSTOR William's remains are in Winchester Cathedral, scattered among royal mortuary chests positioned on the presbytery screen, flanking the choir. His skull appears to be missing, but some long bones may remain. Rufus Stone A stone known as the \"Rufus Stone\", close to the A31 near the village of Minstead (), is claimed to mark the spot where William fell.", "The inscription on the Rufus Stone reads: Here stood the Oak Tree, on which an arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrrell at a Stag, glanced and struck King William the second, surnamed Rufus, on the breast, of which he instantly died, on the second day of August, anno 1100. That the spot where an Event so Memorable might not hereafter be forgotten; the enclosed stone was set up by John Lord Delaware who had seen the Tree growing in this place.", "At the time the most popular account of William's death involved the fatal arrow deflecting off a tree, and Charles appears to have been shown a suitable tree. Letters in The Gentleman's Magazine reported that the tree was cut down and burned during the 18th century. Later in that century the Rufus Stone was set up. Originally it was around tall with a stone ball on top.", "Rufus Stone A stone known as the \"Rufus Stone\", close to the A31 near the village of Minstead (), is claimed to mark the spot where William fell. The claim that this is the location of his death appears to date from no earlier than a 17th-century visit by Charles II to the forest. At the time the most popular account of William's death involved the fatal arrow deflecting off a tree, and Charles appears to have been shown a suitable tree.", "William II (;  – 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus ( being Latin for \"the Red\"), perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life.", "William of Malmesbury, in his account of William's death, stated that the body was taken to Winchester Cathedral by a few countrymen, including Eli who discovered the body. To the chroniclers, men of the Church, such an \"act of God\" was a just end for a wicked king, and was regarded as a fitting demise for a ruler who came into conflict with the religious orders to which they belonged." ]

[ "William II (;  – 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus ( being Latin for \"the Red\"), perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life.", "It seems reasonable to suppose that such details are indicative of William's personal beliefs. War and rebellion William Rufus inherited the Anglo-Norman settlement detailed in the Domesday Book of 1086, a survey undertaken at his father's command, essentially for the purposes of taxation, which was an example of the control of the English monarchy. If he was less effective than his father in containing the Norman lords' propensity for rebellion and violence, through charisma or political skills, he was forceful in overcoming the consequences.", "As Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority. In 1091 he invaded Normandy, crushing Robert's forces and forcing him to cede a portion of his lands. The two made up their differences and William agreed to help Robert recover lands lost to France, notably Maine.", "His chief minister was Ranulf Flambard, whom he appointed Bishop of Durham in 1099: this was a political appointment, to a see that was also a great fiefdom. The particulars of the king's relationship with the people of England are not credibly documented. Contemporaries of William, as well as those writing after his death, roundly denounced him for presiding over what these dissenters considered a dissolute court. In keeping with the tradition of Norman leaders, William scorned the English and the English culture.", "England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Since the younger William and his brother Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of their lords, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other, or both. The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler.", "The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler. The pursuit of this aim led them to revolt against William in favour of Robert in the Rebellion of 1088, under the leadership of the powerful Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who was a half-brother of William the Conqueror. As Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority.", "William led an army against Robert and defeated him. William led an army against Robert and defeated him. Robert was dispossessed and imprisoned, and another noble, William of Eu, accused of treachery, was blinded and castrated. In external affairs, William had some successes. In 1091 he repulsed an invasion by King Malcolm III of Scotland, forcing Malcolm to pay homage. In 1092 he built Carlisle Castle, taking control of Cumberland and Westmorland, which had previously been claimed by the Scots.", "His younger brother Henry I hurriedly succeeded him as king. Historian Frank Barlow observed William was \"[a] rumbustious, devil-may-care soldier, without natural dignity or social graces, with no cultivated tastes and little show of conventional religious piety or morality—indeed, according to his critics, addicted to every kind of vice, particularly lust and especially sodomy.\" On the other hand, he was a wise ruler and victorious general. Barlow noted, \"His chivalrous virtues and achievements were all too obvious.", "The king's personal power, through an effective and loyal chancery, penetrated to the local level to an extent unmatched in France. The king's administration and law unified the realm, rendering him relatively impervious to papal condemnation. In 1097 he commenced the original Westminster Hall, built \"to impress his subjects with the power and majesty of his authority\". Religion Less than two years after becoming king, William II lost his father's adviser and confidant, the Italian-Norman Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury.", "33–34</ref> According to William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, William Rufus was \"well set; his complexion florid, his hair yellow; of open countenance; different coloured eyes, varying with certain glittering specks; of astonishing strength, though not very tall, and his belly rather projecting.\" England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel." ]

[ "He needed money to fund this venture and pledged his Duchy of Normandy to William in return for a payment of 10,000 marks, which equates to about a quarter of William's annual revenue. In a display of the effectiveness of English taxation, William raised the money by levying a special, heavy, and much-resented tax upon the whole of England. He then ruled Normandy as regent in Robert's absence. Robert did not return until September 1100, one month after William's death.", "As Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority. In 1091 he invaded Normandy, crushing Robert's forces and forcing him to cede a portion of his lands. The two made up their differences and William agreed to help Robert recover lands lost to France, notably Maine.", "The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler. The pursuit of this aim led them to revolt against William in favour of Robert in the Rebellion of 1088, under the leadership of the powerful Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who was a half-brother of William the Conqueror. As Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority.", "A memorial stone in the grounds of Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire, states \"Remember King William Rufus who died in these parts then known as Truham whilst hunting on 2nd August 1100\". The king's body was abandoned by the nobles at the place where he fell. An arrow maker, Eli Parratt, later found the body. William's younger brother, Henry, hastened to Winchester to secure the royal treasury, then to London, where he was crowned within days, before either archbishop could arrive.", "William's younger brother, Henry, hastened to Winchester to secure the royal treasury, then to London, where he was crowned within days, before either archbishop could arrive. William of Malmesbury, in his account of William's death, stated that the body was taken to Winchester Cathedral by a few countrymen, including Eli who discovered the body.", "William of Malmesbury, in his account of William's death, stated that the body was taken to Winchester Cathedral by a few countrymen, including Eli who discovered the body. To the chroniclers, men of the Church, such an \"act of God\" was a just end for a wicked king, and was regarded as a fitting demise for a ruler who came into conflict with the religious orders to which they belonged.", "Records indicate strained relations between the three surviving sons of William I. William's contemporary, chronicler Orderic Vitalis, wrote about an incident that took place at L'Aigle in Normandy in 1077 or 1078: William and Henry, having grown bored with casting dice, decided to make mischief by emptying a chamber pot onto their brother Robert from an upper gallery, thus infuriating and shaming him. A brawl broke out, and their father had to intercede to restore order.<ref name=\"Barlow33\">Barlow William Rufus pp.", "Over the following centuries, the obvious suggestion that one of William's enemies had a hand in this event has repeatedly been made: chroniclers of the time point out themselves that Tirel was renowned as a keen bowman, and thus was unlikely to have loosed such an impetuous shot. Moreover, Bartlett says that rivalry between brothers was the pattern of political conflict in this period. William's brother Henry was among the hunting party that day and succeeded him as king.", "The inscription on the Rufus Stone reads: Here stood the Oak Tree, on which an arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrrell at a Stag, glanced and struck King William the second, surnamed Rufus, on the breast, of which he instantly died, on the second day of August, anno 1100. That the spot where an Event so Memorable might not hereafter be forgotten; the enclosed stone was set up by John Lord Delaware who had seen the Tree growing in this place." ]

[ "If he was less effective than his father in containing the Norman lords' propensity for rebellion and violence, through charisma or political skills, he was forceful in overcoming the consequences. In 1095, Robert de Mowbray, the earl of Northumbria, refused to attend the Curia Regis, the thrice-annual court where the King announced his governmental decisions to the great lords. William led an army against Robert and defeated him.", "The two made up their differences and William agreed to help Robert recover lands lost to France, notably Maine. This plan was later abandoned, but William continued to pursue a ferociously warlike defence of his French possessions and interests to the end of his life, exemplified by his response to the attempt by Elias de la Flèche, Count of Maine, to take Le Mans in 1099. William Rufus was thus secure in his kingdom.", "As Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority. In 1091 he invaded Normandy, crushing Robert's forces and forcing him to cede a portion of his lands. The two made up their differences and William agreed to help Robert recover lands lost to France, notably Maine.", "He needed money to fund this venture and pledged his Duchy of Normandy to William in return for a payment of 10,000 marks, which equates to about a quarter of William's annual revenue. In a display of the effectiveness of English taxation, William raised the money by levying a special, heavy, and much-resented tax upon the whole of England. He then ruled Normandy as regent in Robert's absence. Robert did not return until September 1100, one month after William's death.", "Robert did not return until September 1100, one month after William's death. As regent in Normandy, William campaigned in France from 1097 to 1099. He secured northern Maine but failed to seize the French-controlled part of the Vexin region. According to William of Malmesbury he was planning to invade the Duchy of Aquitaine at the time of his death. Death William went hunting on 2 August 1100 in the New Forest, probably near Brockenhurst, and was killed by an arrow through the lung, though the circumstances remain unclear.", "England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Since the younger William and his brother Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of their lords, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other, or both. The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler.", "The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler. The pursuit of this aim led them to revolt against William in favour of Robert in the Rebellion of 1088, under the leadership of the powerful Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who was a half-brother of William the Conqueror. As Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority.", "(Odo held both titles.) (Odo held both titles.) While there are complaints of contemporaries regarding William's personal behaviour, he was instrumental in assisting the foundation of Bermondsey Abbey, endowing it with the manor of Bermondsey, and it is reported that his \"customary oath\" was \"By the Face at Lucca!\" It seems reasonable to suppose that such details are indicative of William's personal beliefs.", "That he never accepted any of these proposals nor had any relations with women may show that he either had no desire for women, or he may have taken a vow of chastity or celibacy. Barlow said that the Welsh chronicles claim that Henry was able to succeed to the throne because his brother had made use of concubines and thus died childless, although no illegitimate offspring are named. Barlow also allows that William may have been sterile." ]

[ "William II (;  – 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus ( being Latin for \"the Red\"), perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life.", "As Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority. In 1091 he invaded Normandy, crushing Robert's forces and forcing him to cede a portion of his lands. The two made up their differences and William agreed to help Robert recover lands lost to France, notably Maine.", "It seems reasonable to suppose that such details are indicative of William's personal beliefs. War and rebellion William Rufus inherited the Anglo-Norman settlement detailed in the Domesday Book of 1086, a survey undertaken at his father's command, essentially for the purposes of taxation, which was an example of the control of the English monarchy. If he was less effective than his father in containing the Norman lords' propensity for rebellion and violence, through charisma or political skills, he was forceful in overcoming the consequences.", "Barlow noted, \"His chivalrous virtues and achievements were all too obvious. He had maintained good order and satisfactory justice in England and restored good peace to Normandy. He had extended Anglo-Norman rule in Wales, brought Scotland firmly under his lordship, recovered Maine, and kept up the pressure on the Vexin.\" Early years William's exact date of birth is not known, but it was some time between the years 1056 and 1060.", "33–34</ref> According to William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, William Rufus was \"well set; his complexion florid, his hair yellow; of open countenance; different coloured eyes, varying with certain glittering specks; of astonishing strength, though not very tall, and his belly rather projecting.\" England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel.", "England and France The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Since the younger William and his brother Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of their lords, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other, or both. The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler.", "His younger brother Henry I hurriedly succeeded him as king. Historian Frank Barlow observed William was \"[a] rumbustious, devil-may-care soldier, without natural dignity or social graces, with no cultivated tastes and little show of conventional religious piety or morality—indeed, according to his critics, addicted to every kind of vice, particularly lust and especially sodomy.\" On the other hand, he was a wise ruler and victorious general. Barlow noted, \"His chivalrous virtues and achievements were all too obvious.", "He needed money to fund this venture and pledged his Duchy of Normandy to William in return for a payment of 10,000 marks, which equates to about a quarter of William's annual revenue. In a display of the effectiveness of English taxation, William raised the money by levying a special, heavy, and much-resented tax upon the whole of England. He then ruled Normandy as regent in Robert's absence. Robert did not return until September 1100, one month after William's death.", "Early years William's exact date of birth is not known, but it was some time between the years 1056 and 1060. He was the third of four sons born to William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, the eldest being Robert Curthose, the second Richard, and the youngest Henry. Richard died around 1075 while hunting in the New Forest. William succeeded to the throne of England on his father's death in 1087, but Robert inherited Normandy. William had five or six sisters." ]

[ "On 16 October 1995 he was granted bail. On 16 October 1995 he was granted bail. Abdul Qayyum Abdul Karim Shaikh, who was thought to be a close aide of the terrorists' ringleader, Dawood Ibrahim, was arrested. Dutt had given Qayuum's name to the police when confessing to arms possession, saying that in September 1992 he had bought a pistol from Qayuum in Dubai. His arrest coincided with the release of his film, Khalnayak, in which he played a wanted criminal.", "His successes continued in the 1990s, with films that include Tejaa, Khatarnaak, Zahreelay, Thanedaar, Khoon Ka Karz, Yalgaar, Gumrah, Sahibaan and Aatish: Feel the Fire. He went on to star in some of the most era-defining Indian films of the early 1990s such as Sadak, Saajan (for which he was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award) and Khalnayak, for which he earned his second Filmfare Best Actor Award nomination.", "His arrest coincided with the release of his film, Khalnayak, in which he played a wanted criminal. The film's major success was in part due to Dutt's off-screen legal controversy. On 31 July 2007, Dutt was cleared of the charges relating to the Mumbai blast; however, the TADA court sentenced Dutt to six years' rigorous imprisonment under Arms act for illegal possession of weapons.", "and \"Saajan established Sanjay Dutt as the conventional soft hero. \"Saajan was the highest-grossing Bollywood film of 1991, and Sadak was the fifth highest grosser of 1991. Khalnayak became a blockbuster and was the second-highest grosser of 1993. This was followed by another box office success Gumrah, this was Dutt's second consecutive hit of the year. Arrest due to involvement in 1993 serial bombings, films after arrest (1993 - 1999) Bombay (now Mumbai) suffered a series of serial bombings in 1993.", "The crime thriller Naam (1985) proved to be a turning point in his career, which was followed by a series of commercially successful films in that decade, including Jeete Hain Shaan Se (1988), Mardon Wali Baat (1988), Ilaaka (1989), Hum Bhi Insaan Hain (1989) and Kanoon Apna Apna (1989). He earned nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for Saajan (1991) and Khalnayak (1993).", "He earned nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for Saajan (1991) and Khalnayak (1993). Dutt earned his first Best Actor at the ceremony for playing a common man-turned-gangster in Vaastav: The Reality (1999). Along with Vaastav: The Reality, he also won accolades for playing an army officer in Mission Kashmir (2001), a soft-hearted goofy gangster in Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2003) and its sequel Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006).", "His performances in both Kabzaa (1988) and J. P. Dutta's 1989 Hathyar were both well received by critics although both films only managed average collections at the box office. In the late 1980s he was seen in a number of multi-starrers alongside leading actors like Govinda, Mithun, Dharmendra, Jackie Shroff and Sunny Deol. His successes continued in the 1990s, with films that include Tejaa, Khatarnaak, Zahreelay, Thanedaar, Khoon Ka Karz, Yalgaar, Gumrah, Sahibaan and Aatish: Feel the Fire.", "He went on to star in some of the most era-defining Indian films of the early 1990s such as Sadak, Saajan (for which he was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award) and Khalnayak, for which he earned his second Filmfare Best Actor Award nomination. The Hindu wrote that \"Sanjay's earlier films (like Naam and Sadak) got him a lot of favourable attention.\" and \"Saajan established Sanjay Dutt as the conventional soft hero.", "In January 2008, the Indian film Institute Filmfare listed 12 films featuring Dutt in its list of top 100 highest-grossing movies of all time. In its May 2013 edition \"100 years of Indian cinema\" Filmfare listed three films featuring Dutt in its top 20 list of highest-grossing Hindi films of all time, adjusted for inflation these films were Lage Raho Munna Bhai, Khalnayak and Saajan. Vidhu Vinod Chopra on 29 September 2016 announced that the third part of Munna Bhai series, starring Dutt in the title role, would begin soon.", "In 2018, it was also announced that Dutt would feature alongside Ranbir Kapoor and Vaani Kapoor in Shamshera, which will release on 31 July 2020. On 29 June 2018, his biopic Sanju released in which he made a special appearance. Dutt and Alia Bhatt are currently shooting for Sadak 2. In 2019, he joined the cast of historical film Bhuj: The Pride of India, which will feature an ensemble cast consisting of Ajay Devgn, Sonakshi Sinha and Parineeti Chopra." ]

[ "Jim Ross named Moore as an \"MVP that rarely gets talked about\". Moore is often considered to be one of the toughest women's wrestlers to perform in WWE. Other media After leaving WWE, Moore began taking acting classes to prepare for a role in an action movie set in Los Angeles during the 1970s. Jacqueline made her video game debut in the PlayStation version of WCW Nitro. She would later appear in nine WWE video games, which include WWF Attitude, WWF WrestleMania 2000, WWF SmackDown!", "Two days later, the villainous Jacqueline faced off against ODB at Hardcore Justice 2 (which aired on July 5, 2013), in a Hardcore match, coming out on the losing end. Sporadic appearances to WWE (2016, 2018) On March 14, 2016, it was announced that Moore would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2016. At the ceremony on April 2, she was inducted by The Dudley Boyz, and became the first woman of African-American descent to be inducted.", "However, her stint in SMW didn't last, as the company folded at the end of November. World Championship Wrestling (1997–1998) Moore began submitting pictures of herself to the Atlanta, Georgia-based World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and was eventually contacted by WCW employee J.J. Dillon, who offered her a contract. Jacqueline debuted in WCW as the manager of Kevin Sullivan, and she helped Sullivan by body slamming his opponents. She aided Sullivan in his feud with Chris Benoit and feuded with Sullivan's ex-wife, Woman.", "Various storylines (2000–2004) Throughout August and September, Moore had a series of matches against then-Women's Champion Lita, which included a Hardcore match, as well as against Dean Malenko for the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship, in which she was unsuccessful. In January 2001 during a match against Lita, both women attacked Right to Censor member Ivory, who was on commentary that night criticizing the women's division.", "Jacqueline DeLois Moore (born January 6, 1964) is an American professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager. She is best known for her time in WWE (known as the World Wrestling Federation until 2002) from 1998 to 2004, where she became the first African American WWE Cruiserweight champion as well as being the first and only woman to hold the belt, as well as working for World Championship Wrestling in 1997–98 and later Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a wrestler, manager and road agent.", "On January 28 at the Royal Rumble, Jacqueline made a surprise entrance at number 21 during the first women's Royal Rumble match, in which she was eliminated by Nia Jax. Legacy Moore is cited as inspiration for several women, such as: Bayley, Bianca Belair, Jazz, Naomi, Nicole Savoy and Sasha Banks. Trish Stratus claimed that Moore helped her in the beginning of her wrestling career. She said: \"I will always appreciate her patience and her professionalism while showing me the ropes.", "She aided Sullivan in his feud with Chris Benoit and feuded with Sullivan's ex-wife, Woman. Her alliance with Sullivan came to an end at Bash at the Beach 1997, when she smashed a wooden chair over Sullivan's head causing him to lose a Loser Must Retire bout to Chris Benoit. At Road Wild on August 9, Jacqueline became the manager of Harlem Heat. She later engaged in a brief feud with Disco Inferno, whom she defeated at Halloween Havoc on October 26.", "She later engaged in a brief feud with Disco Inferno, whom she defeated at Halloween Havoc on October 26. Return to WWF/Entertainment (1998–2004) Women's Champion and feud with Sable (1998) Moore rejoined the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in mid-1998, debuting on the June 1 episode of Raw as the new on-screen girlfriend of Marc Mero, to later began a feud with the estranged wife of Mero, Sable.", "Jacqueline began turning heel by trash-talking her opponent, Taryn Terrell, while defeating her to advance to the Gauntlet Battle Royal, where Jacqueline cemented her heel turn by attacking former partner ODB, who later eliminated Jacqueline. Two days later, the villainous Jacqueline faced off against ODB at Hardcore Justice 2 (which aired on July 5, 2013), in a Hardcore match, coming out on the losing end." ]

[ "In January 2001 during a match against Lita, both women attacked Right to Censor member Ivory, who was on commentary that night criticizing the women's division. Later on that year, Jacqueline starred in the first season of the WWF's reality show Tough Enough as a trainer alongside Al Snow, Tazz and Tori. In late 2001, she took part in the Six Pack Challenge for the vacant WWF Women's Championship on November 18 at Survivor Series, which was won by Trish Stratus.", "On the September 14, 1998 episode of Raw, she would also wrestle Sable in a controversial evening gown match which saw one of her breasts exposed. In September with the revived WWF Women's Championship on the line (the Women's Championship had been abandoned in December 1995), Moore defeated Sable to become the new champion, and the first African-American Women's Champion. Two months later at Survivor Series, Sable defeated Moore to become the new champion.", "Second Women's Championship (2000) On the February 1, 2000, episode of SmackDown, Jacqueline won the WWF Women's Championship for a second time after defeating Harvey Wippleman (who had won the belt from Miss Kitty while in drag and calling himself \"Hervina\") in a Lumberjill Snowbunny match, a match that took place in a snow filled pool surrounded by female wrestlers whose purpose was to keep The Kat and Hervina from leaving the pool. She successfully defended her title against Luna Vachon, with whom she started a brief feud, however in March, she lost the title to Stephanie McMahon, following extensive interference from D-Generation X.", "Various storylines (2000–2004) Throughout August and September, Moore had a series of matches against then-Women's Champion Lita, which included a Hardcore match, as well as against Dean Malenko for the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship, in which she was unsuccessful. In January 2001 during a match against Lita, both women attacked Right to Censor member Ivory, who was on commentary that night criticizing the women's division.", "She successfully defended her title against Luna Vachon, with whom she started a brief feud, however in March, she lost the title to Stephanie McMahon, following extensive interference from D-Generation X. In June she competed in the first-ever women's battle royal on Smackdown, to determine a #1 contender to Stephanie's title, but failed to win.", "In June she competed in the first-ever women's battle royal on Smackdown, to determine a #1 contender to Stephanie's title, but failed to win. Various storylines (2000–2004) Throughout August and September, Moore had a series of matches against then-Women's Champion Lita, which included a Hardcore match, as well as against Dean Malenko for the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship, in which she was unsuccessful.", "Hair match which was won by Texas. Hair match which was won by Texas. She also competed in Herb Abrams's Universal Wrestling Federation, winning the promotion's women's title in 1994. In late 1993, she appeared in a Jeff Jarrett promo for the WWF where Jarrett would be criticizing a young man's singing voice. World Wrestling Federation (1993–1994) Through the WWF's partnership with the USWA Jacqueline was scheduled to debut in the WWF under the name Wynonna as a manager for Jeff Jarrett.", "on the July 5 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore lost a 3-WAY Knockouts match to Gail Kim. on the September 27 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore lost a fatal five-way match which was won by Roxxi Laveaux. on the October 4 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore lost to Gail Kim. At Bound for Glory (2007), Moore competed in the Gauntlet for the Gold match to crown the first TNA Women's Knockout Champion which was won by Gail Kim.", "However, tension began to grow between the two women as Terri, in storyline, exhausted Meat with hours of sex before his matches and then berated her fatigued lover when he lacked the energy to win matches and Moore finally end the alliance by July. Second Women's Championship (2000) On the February 1, 2000, episode of SmackDown, Jacqueline won the WWF Women's Championship for a second time after defeating Harvey Wippleman (who had won the belt from Miss Kitty while in drag and calling himself \"Hervina\") in a Lumberjill Snowbunny match, a match that took place in a snow filled pool surrounded by female wrestlers whose purpose was to keep The Kat and Hervina from leaving the pool." ]

[ "Jacqueline DeLois Moore (born January 6, 1964) is an American professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager. She is best known for her time in WWE (known as the World Wrestling Federation until 2002) from 1998 to 2004, where she became the first African American WWE Cruiserweight champion as well as being the first and only woman to hold the belt, as well as working for World Championship Wrestling in 1997–98 and later Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a wrestler, manager and road agent.", "Two days later, the villainous Jacqueline faced off against ODB at Hardcore Justice 2 (which aired on July 5, 2013), in a Hardcore match, coming out on the losing end. Sporadic appearances to WWE (2016, 2018) On March 14, 2016, it was announced that Moore would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2016. At the ceremony on April 2, she was inducted by The Dudley Boyz, and became the first woman of African-American descent to be inducted.", "However, her stint in SMW didn't last, as the company folded at the end of November. World Championship Wrestling (1997–1998) Moore began submitting pictures of herself to the Atlanta, Georgia-based World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and was eventually contacted by WCW employee J.J. Dillon, who offered her a contract. Jacqueline debuted in WCW as the manager of Kevin Sullivan, and she helped Sullivan by body slamming his opponents. She aided Sullivan in his feud with Chris Benoit and feuded with Sullivan's ex-wife, Woman.", "on the May 8 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore competed in an Immunity on a Pole match which was won by Gail Kim. at Sacrifice (2008), Moore competed in a 10-woman TNA Knockouts Makeover Battle Royal which was won by Gail KIm. At Bound for Glory IV, Moore tried to help Beer Money win the Monster's Ball match after Jacqueline interrupted a pin attempt by Homicide on Storm, with Steve McMichael spanking her in retaliation.", "At Bound for Glory IV, Moore tried to help Beer Money win the Monster's Ball match after Jacqueline interrupted a pin attempt by Homicide on Storm, with Steve McMichael spanking her in retaliation. On June 19, 2009 she returned to in-ring action, defeating Rhaka Khan at a house show in Grand Rapids, Michigan. on the July 17 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore participated in a #1 Contenders Knockout Gauntlet match which was won by Velvet Sky.", "Jim Ross named Moore as an \"MVP that rarely gets talked about\". Moore is often considered to be one of the toughest women's wrestlers to perform in WWE. Other media After leaving WWE, Moore began taking acting classes to prepare for a role in an action movie set in Los Angeles during the 1970s. Jacqueline made her video game debut in the PlayStation version of WCW Nitro. She would later appear in nine WWE video games, which include WWF Attitude, WWF WrestleMania 2000, WWF SmackDown!", "On January 28 at the Royal Rumble, Jacqueline made a surprise entrance at number 21 during the first women's Royal Rumble match, in which she was eliminated by Nia Jax. Legacy Moore is cited as inspiration for several women, such as: Bayley, Bianca Belair, Jazz, Naomi, Nicole Savoy and Sasha Banks. Trish Stratus claimed that Moore helped her in the beginning of her wrestling career. She said: \"I will always appreciate her patience and her professionalism while showing me the ropes.", "on the February 15 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore lost to Gail Kim in an Arm Wrestling Match. Storm and Moore teamed up to defeat Kim and Petey Williams at both Against All Odds and Destination X. Moore, however, was defeated by Kim at Lockdown in TNA's first women's steel cage match." ]

[ "She successfully defended her title against Luna Vachon, with whom she started a brief feud, however in March, she lost the title to Stephanie McMahon, following extensive interference from D-Generation X. In June she competed in the first-ever women's battle royal on Smackdown, to determine a #1 contender to Stephanie's title, but failed to win.", "In 2002, Moore became a referee, with her debut match being a Women's Championship bout between Jazz and Trish Stratus at the Royal Rumble. In late 2002, she and Stratus began a feud with Victoria, leading to a Triple Threat match at Armageddon, in which Victoria retained the title. In 2003, the return of Jazz culminated in a Four-Way match for Jazz's title at Judgment Day on May 18, 2003, which Jazz won. Moore seldom appeared throughout late 2003 and early 2004.", "On January 28 at the Royal Rumble, Jacqueline made a surprise entrance at number 21 during the first women's Royal Rumble match, in which she was eliminated by Nia Jax. Legacy Moore is cited as inspiration for several women, such as: Bayley, Bianca Belair, Jazz, Naomi, Nicole Savoy and Sasha Banks. Trish Stratus claimed that Moore helped her in the beginning of her wrestling career. She said: \"I will always appreciate her patience and her professionalism while showing me the ropes.", "In June she competed in the first-ever women's battle royal on Smackdown, to determine a #1 contender to Stephanie's title, but failed to win. Various storylines (2000–2004) Throughout August and September, Moore had a series of matches against then-Women's Champion Lita, which included a Hardcore match, as well as against Dean Malenko for the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship, in which she was unsuccessful.", "on the May 8 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore competed in an Immunity on a Pole match which was won by Gail Kim. at Sacrifice (2008), Moore competed in a 10-woman TNA Knockouts Makeover Battle Royal which was won by Gail KIm. At Bound for Glory IV, Moore tried to help Beer Money win the Monster's Ball match after Jacqueline interrupted a pin attempt by Homicide on Storm, with Steve McMichael spanking her in retaliation.", "At Bound for Glory (2007), Moore competed in the Gauntlet for the Gold match to crown the first TNA Women's Knockout Champion which was won by Gail Kim. on the December 13 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore and Traci Brooks lost to Angelina Love and Velvet Sky. on the December 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore competed in a Santa's Workshop Knockouts Street Fight which was won by Awesome Kong.", "At Bound for Glory IV, Moore tried to help Beer Money win the Monster's Ball match after Jacqueline interrupted a pin attempt by Homicide on Storm, with Steve McMichael spanking her in retaliation. On June 19, 2009 she returned to in-ring action, defeating Rhaka Khan at a house show in Grand Rapids, Michigan. on the July 17 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore participated in a #1 Contenders Knockout Gauntlet match which was won by Velvet Sky.", "on the December 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore competed in a Santa's Workshop Knockouts Street Fight which was won by Awesome Kong. on the December 27 of Impact Wrestling, Moore, Roxxi and ODB lost to The Beautiful People and Gail Kim. Throughout early and mid-2008, she continued to participate in women's matches, but failed to obtain the TNA Knockouts Championship she also manage James Strom throughout 2008 as well. on the February 21 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore and Roxxi Leveaux defeated Gail Kim and ODB." ]

[ "Two days later, the villainous Jacqueline faced off against ODB at Hardcore Justice 2 (which aired on July 5, 2013), in a Hardcore match, coming out on the losing end. Sporadic appearances to WWE (2016, 2018) On March 14, 2016, it was announced that Moore would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2016. At the ceremony on April 2, she was inducted by The Dudley Boyz, and became the first woman of African-American descent to be inducted.", "on the February 15 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore lost to Gail Kim in an Arm Wrestling Match. Storm and Moore teamed up to defeat Kim and Petey Williams at both Against All Odds and Destination X. Moore, however, was defeated by Kim at Lockdown in TNA's first women's steel cage match.", "On July 12, 2009, TNA parted ways with Moore. Second return to TNA and alliance with ODB (2011) On June 13, 2011, Moore returned to TNA as ODB's new tag team partner at the tapings for the June 16 episode of Impact Wrestling, with the two promising to clean up the Knockouts division. Both of them were billed as not being under contract with TNA. The following week Jackie and ODB defeated Velvet Sky and Ms. Tessmacher in a tag team match.", "However, her stint in SMW didn't last, as the company folded at the end of November. World Championship Wrestling (1997–1998) Moore began submitting pictures of herself to the Atlanta, Georgia-based World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and was eventually contacted by WCW employee J.J. Dillon, who offered her a contract. Jacqueline debuted in WCW as the manager of Kevin Sullivan, and she helped Sullivan by body slamming his opponents. She aided Sullivan in his feud with Chris Benoit and feuded with Sullivan's ex-wife, Woman.", "Jacqueline DeLois Moore (born January 6, 1964) is an American professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager. She is best known for her time in WWE (known as the World Wrestling Federation until 2002) from 1998 to 2004, where she became the first African American WWE Cruiserweight champion as well as being the first and only woman to hold the belt, as well as working for World Championship Wrestling in 1997–98 and later Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a wrestler, manager and road agent.", "Jim Ross named Moore as an \"MVP that rarely gets talked about\". Moore is often considered to be one of the toughest women's wrestlers to perform in WWE. Other media After leaving WWE, Moore began taking acting classes to prepare for a role in an action movie set in Los Angeles during the 1970s. Jacqueline made her video game debut in the PlayStation version of WCW Nitro. She would later appear in nine WWE video games, which include WWF Attitude, WWF WrestleMania 2000, WWF SmackDown!", "In 1998, she joined the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later World Wrestling Entertainment). She began managing Marc Mero and had her first rivalry with Sable, which culminated in the re-establishment of the WWF Women's Championship, which Moore held twice during her time with the WWF. In 1999, she formed an all-female alliance with Terri Runnels and Ryan Shamrock called the Pretty Mean Sisters.", "She aided Sullivan in his feud with Chris Benoit and feuded with Sullivan's ex-wife, Woman. Her alliance with Sullivan came to an end at Bash at the Beach 1997, when she smashed a wooden chair over Sullivan's head causing him to lose a Loser Must Retire bout to Chris Benoit. At Road Wild on August 9, Jacqueline became the manager of Harlem Heat. She later engaged in a brief feud with Disco Inferno, whom she defeated at Halloween Havoc on October 26.", "On January 28 at the Royal Rumble, Jacqueline made a surprise entrance at number 21 during the first women's Royal Rumble match, in which she was eliminated by Nia Jax. Legacy Moore is cited as inspiration for several women, such as: Bayley, Bianca Belair, Jazz, Naomi, Nicole Savoy and Sasha Banks. Trish Stratus claimed that Moore helped her in the beginning of her wrestling career. She said: \"I will always appreciate her patience and her professionalism while showing me the ropes.", "on the May 8 episode of Impact Wrestling, Moore competed in an Immunity on a Pole match which was won by Gail Kim. at Sacrifice (2008), Moore competed in a 10-woman TNA Knockouts Makeover Battle Royal which was won by Gail KIm. At Bound for Glory IV, Moore tried to help Beer Money win the Monster's Ball match after Jacqueline interrupted a pin attempt by Homicide on Storm, with Steve McMichael spanking her in retaliation." ]

[ "She successfully defended her title against Luna Vachon, with whom she started a brief feud, however in March, she lost the title to Stephanie McMahon, following extensive interference from D-Generation X. In June she competed in the first-ever women's battle royal on Smackdown, to determine a #1 contender to Stephanie's title, but failed to win.", "In 2002, Moore became a referee, with her debut match being a Women's Championship bout between Jazz and Trish Stratus at the Royal Rumble. In late 2002, she and Stratus began a feud with Victoria, leading to a Triple Threat match at Armageddon, in which Victoria retained the title. In 2003, the return of Jazz culminated in a Four-Way match for Jazz's title at Judgment Day on May 18, 2003, which Jazz won. Moore seldom appeared throughout late 2003 and early 2004.", "On January 28 at the Royal Rumble, Jacqueline made a surprise entrance at number 21 during the first women's Royal Rumble match, in which she was eliminated by Nia Jax. Legacy Moore is cited as inspiration for several women, such as: Bayley, Bianca Belair, Jazz, Naomi, Nicole Savoy and Sasha Banks. Trish Stratus claimed that Moore helped her in the beginning of her wrestling career. She said: \"I will always appreciate her patience and her professionalism while showing me the ropes.", "She made her debut as a Heel Valet to Eric Embry and Tom Prichard as part of team Texas during the Texas vs Tennessee feud. She was later involved in a feud with the Dirty White Girl Kim Anthony and was involved in a Mudpit Match and a Hair vs Hair match which Anthony won and in the latter Moore had her hair shaved off. She was the first ever USWA Women's Champion, winning the newly created title in a tournament on March 2, 1992.", "In 1995, Moore became involved in a feud with the valet of Reggie B. Fine and Don Bass, Sweet Georgia Brown. Brown was jealous of Texas after the USWA aired a music video of Moore, and they were involved in several catfights. Later in 1995, Moore feuded with Uptown Karen, the lover of Downtown Bruno. During the feud, Moore formed an alliance with former foe Sweet Georgia Brown. The Miss Texas/Uptown Karen feud culminated in a Hair vs. Hair match which was won by Texas.", "In January 2001 during a match against Lita, both women attacked Right to Censor member Ivory, who was on commentary that night criticizing the women's division. Later on that year, Jacqueline starred in the first season of the WWF's reality show Tough Enough as a trainer alongside Al Snow, Tazz and Tori. In late 2001, she took part in the Six Pack Challenge for the vacant WWF Women's Championship on November 18 at Survivor Series, which was won by Trish Stratus.", "In January, Terri claimed to have suffered a miscarriage after she was knocked off of the ring apron by Brown. The guilty Brown became a servant to PMS, who forced him to wrestle his friend, Mark Henry. The deception lasted until February 1, when the ringside doctor told Brown that Terri had not been pregnant. PMS then feuded with Brown by costing him matches and attacking his new manager, Ivory.", "Two months later at Survivor Series, Sable defeated Moore to become the new champion. Pretty Mean Sisters (1998–1999) Moore and Mero separated on the November 22 episode of Sunday Night Heat, and the jilted Moore formed a new alliance of women known as the Pretty Mean Sisters (PMS) with Terri Runnels, who was separated from her husband, Goldust. During a match between Mero and Goldust on the November 23 episode of Raw, Jacqueline and Terri entered the ring and low-blowed both men.", "In June she competed in the first-ever women's battle royal on Smackdown, to determine a #1 contender to Stephanie's title, but failed to win. Various storylines (2000–2004) Throughout August and September, Moore had a series of matches against then-Women's Champion Lita, which included a Hardcore match, as well as against Dean Malenko for the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship, in which she was unsuccessful." ]

[ "In 2002, Moore became a referee, with her debut match being a Women's Championship bout between Jazz and Trish Stratus at the Royal Rumble. In late 2002, she and Stratus began a feud with Victoria, leading to a Triple Threat match at Armageddon, in which Victoria retained the title. In 2003, the return of Jazz culminated in a Four-Way match for Jazz's title at Judgment Day on May 18, 2003, which Jazz won. Moore seldom appeared throughout late 2003 and early 2004.", "She successfully defended her title against Luna Vachon, with whom she started a brief feud, however in March, she lost the title to Stephanie McMahon, following extensive interference from D-Generation X. In June she competed in the first-ever women's battle royal on Smackdown, to determine a #1 contender to Stephanie's title, but failed to win.", "She began her career in World Class Championship Wrestling, but was well known in the United States Wrestling Association, where she was a fourteen-time USWA Women's Champion. She later moved to World Championship Wrestling, where she briefly managed the team Harlem Heat. In 1998, she joined the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later World Wrestling Entertainment).", "She made her debut as a Heel Valet to Eric Embry and Tom Prichard as part of team Texas during the Texas vs Tennessee feud. She was later involved in a feud with the Dirty White Girl Kim Anthony and was involved in a Mudpit Match and a Hair vs Hair match which Anthony won and in the latter Moore had her hair shaved off. She was the first ever USWA Women's Champion, winning the newly created title in a tournament on March 2, 1992.", "She is best known for her time in WWE (known as the World Wrestling Federation until 2002) from 1998 to 2004, where she became the first African American WWE Cruiserweight champion as well as being the first and only woman to hold the belt, as well as working for World Championship Wrestling in 1997–98 and later Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a wrestler, manager and road agent. She began her career in World Class Championship Wrestling, but was well known in the United States Wrestling Association, where she was a fourteen-time USWA Women's Champion.", "In 1999, she formed an all-female alliance with Terri Runnels and Ryan Shamrock called the Pretty Mean Sisters. In the early 2000s, Moore worked as both a referee and trainer for the WWF, and she also held the WWE Cruiserweight Championship, which was a title predominantly held by men. She was the third woman to accomplish the feat, but the only woman to do so under the WWE banner (following Madusa and Daffney in WCW).", "Second Women's Championship (2000) On the February 1, 2000, episode of SmackDown, Jacqueline won the WWF Women's Championship for a second time after defeating Harvey Wippleman (who had won the belt from Miss Kitty while in drag and calling himself \"Hervina\") in a Lumberjill Snowbunny match, a match that took place in a snow filled pool surrounded by female wrestlers whose purpose was to keep The Kat and Hervina from leaving the pool. She successfully defended her title against Luna Vachon, with whom she started a brief feud, however in March, she lost the title to Stephanie McMahon, following extensive interference from D-Generation X.", "She said: \"I will always appreciate her patience and her professionalism while showing me the ropes. I learned a lot from her and took away a ton that I used in my wrestling career moving forward\". Alicia Fox stated that Moore \"recreated what a champion looks like and helped opened the door for women of all colors, sizes and shapes\". Jim Ross named Moore as an \"MVP that rarely gets talked about\"." ]

[ "He graduated two years after starting in 1762. He graduated two years after starting in 1762. He read the law under Wythe's tutelage to obtain his law license while working as a law clerk in his office. He also read a wide variety of English classics and political works. Jefferson was well-read in a broad variety of subjects, which along with law and philosophy, included history, natural law, natural religion, ethics, and several areas in science, including agriculture.", "1948–1981) , Ebook Thomas Jefferson Foundation sources Thomas Jefferson Foundation (Main page and site-search) Primary sources The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, – the Princeton University Press edition of the correspondence and papers; vol 1 appeared in 1950; vol 41 (covering part of 1803) appeared in 2014. \"Founders Online,\" searchable edition (Note: This was Jefferson's only book; numerous editions) Web site sources Teaching methods External links White House biography Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive at the Massachusetts Historical Society Thomas Jefferson collection at the University of Virginia Library The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, subset of Founders Online from the National Archives The Thomas Jefferson Hour, a radio show about all things Thomas Jefferson The Thomas Jefferson Hour 1743 births 1826 deaths 18th-century American philosophers 18th-century vice presidents of the United States 18th-century American writers 19th-century American philosophers 19th-century vice presidents of the United States 19th-century presidents of the United States Ambassadors of the United States to France American architects American book and manuscript collectors American colonization movement American deists American foreign policy writers American gardeners American inventors American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law American male non-fiction writers American Neoclassical architects American people of English descent American people of Welsh descent American planters American political party founders American political philosophers American political writers American religious skeptics American slave owners American surveyors Burials at Monticello Candidates in the 1792 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1796 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1800 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1804 United States presidential election College of William & Mary alumni Continental Congressmen from Virginia Democratic-Republican Party presidents of the United States Democratic-Republican Party vice presidents of the United States Enlightenment philosophers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Free speech activists Governors of Virginia Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees 1800s in the United States House of Burgesses members Independent scientists Thomas Members of the American Antiquarian Society Members of the American Philosophical Society Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the Virginia House of Delegates People from Monticello People of the American Enlightenment Philosophers from Virginia Physiocrats Pre-19th-century cryptographers Presidents of the United States Randolph family of Virginia Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence United States Secretaries of State University and college founders University of Virginia people Vice presidents of the United States Virginia colonial people Virginia Democratic-Republicans Virginia lawyers Washington administration cabinet members Writers from Virginia Writers of American Southern literature Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal", "Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He had previously served as the second vice president of the United States under John Adams and as the first United States secretary of state under George Washington.", "He related that his ancestors came from Wales to America in the early 17th century and settled in the western frontier of the Virginia colony, which influenced his zeal for individual and state rights. Jefferson described his father as uneducated, but with a \"strong mind and sound judgement\". His enrollment in the College of William and Mary and election to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1775 were included.", "Jefferson entered the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, at age 16, and studied mathematics, metaphysics, and philosophy under Professor William Small. Under Small's tutelage, Jefferson encountered the ideas of the British Empiricists, including John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton. Small introduced Jefferson to George Wythe and Francis Fauquier.", "The same year, Jefferson signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves. Jefferson (while primarily a plantation owner, lawyer, and politician) mastered many disciplines, which ranged from surveying and mathematics to horticulture and mechanics. He was an architect in the classical tradition. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his presidency of the American Philosophical Society; he shunned organized religion but was influenced by Christianity, Epicureanism, and deism. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages.", "In his early years, he excelled in classical language while at boarding school where he received a classical education in Greek and Latin. Jefferson later came to regard the Greek language as the \"perfect language\" as expressed in its laws and philosophy. While attending the College of William & Mary, he taught himself Italian. Here Jefferson first became familiar with the Anglo-Saxon language, especially as it was associated with English Common law and system of government and studied the language in a linguistic and philosophical capacity.", "For nearly three years, he assisted with the constitution and was especially proud of his Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, which forbade state support of religious institutions or enforcement of religious doctrine. The bill failed to pass, as did his legislation to disestablish the Anglican Church, but both were later revived by James Madison. In 1778, Jefferson was given the task of revising the state's laws. He drafted 126 bills in three years, including laws to streamline the judicial system.", "He became the society's third president on March 3, 1797, a few months after he was elected Vice President of the United States. In accepting, Jefferson stated: \"I feel no qualification for this distinguished post but a sincere zeal for all the objects of our institution and an ardent desire to see knowledge so disseminated through the mass of mankind that it may at length reach even the extremes of society, beggars and kings.\"" ]

[ "1948–1981) , Ebook Thomas Jefferson Foundation sources Thomas Jefferson Foundation (Main page and site-search) Primary sources The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, – the Princeton University Press edition of the correspondence and papers; vol 1 appeared in 1950; vol 41 (covering part of 1803) appeared in 2014. \"Founders Online,\" searchable edition (Note: This was Jefferson's only book; numerous editions) Web site sources Teaching methods External links White House biography Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive at the Massachusetts Historical Society Thomas Jefferson collection at the University of Virginia Library The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, subset of Founders Online from the National Archives The Thomas Jefferson Hour, a radio show about all things Thomas Jefferson The Thomas Jefferson Hour 1743 births 1826 deaths 18th-century American philosophers 18th-century vice presidents of the United States 18th-century American writers 19th-century American philosophers 19th-century vice presidents of the United States 19th-century presidents of the United States Ambassadors of the United States to France American architects American book and manuscript collectors American colonization movement American deists American foreign policy writers American gardeners American inventors American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law American male non-fiction writers American Neoclassical architects American people of English descent American people of Welsh descent American planters American political party founders American political philosophers American political writers American religious skeptics American slave owners American surveyors Burials at Monticello Candidates in the 1792 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1796 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1800 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1804 United States presidential election College of William & Mary alumni Continental Congressmen from Virginia Democratic-Republican Party presidents of the United States Democratic-Republican Party vice presidents of the United States Enlightenment philosophers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Free speech activists Governors of Virginia Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees 1800s in the United States House of Burgesses members Independent scientists Thomas Members of the American Antiquarian Society Members of the American Philosophical Society Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the Virginia House of Delegates People from Monticello People of the American Enlightenment Philosophers from Virginia Physiocrats Pre-19th-century cryptographers Presidents of the United States Randolph family of Virginia Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence United States Secretaries of State University and college founders University of Virginia people Vice presidents of the United States Virginia colonial people Virginia Democratic-Republicans Virginia lawyers Washington administration cabinet members Writers from Virginia Writers of American Southern literature Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal", "The same year, Jefferson signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves. Jefferson (while primarily a plantation owner, lawyer, and politician) mastered many disciplines, which ranged from surveying and mathematics to horticulture and mechanics. He was an architect in the classical tradition. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his presidency of the American Philosophical Society; he shunned organized religion but was influenced by Christianity, Epicureanism, and deism. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages.", "He had previously served as the second vice president of the United States under John Adams and as the first United States secretary of state under George Washington. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national levels.", "In his advanced years, Jefferson became increasingly concerned that people understand the principles in, and the people responsible for writing, the Declaration of Independence, and he continually defended himself as its author. He considered the document one of his greatest life achievements, in addition to authoring the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom and his founding of the University of Virginia. Plainly absent from his epitaph were his political roles, including President of the United States.", "Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He had previously served as the second vice president of the United States under John Adams and as the first United States secretary of state under George Washington.", "\"Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution\" History Today (May 1968), Vol. 18 Issue 5, pp 299–306. online free ; online review Malone, Dumas. Jefferson (6 vol. 1948–1981) , Ebook Thomas Jefferson Foundation sources Thomas Jefferson Foundation (Main page and site-search) Primary sources The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, – the Princeton University Press edition of the correspondence and papers; vol 1 appeared in 1950; vol 41 (covering part of 1803) appeared in 2014.", "Writings A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774) Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (1775) Declaration of Independence (1776) Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the southern parts of France and Northern Italy, in the year 1787 Notes on the State of Virginia (1781) Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States A report submitted to Congress (1790) \"An Essay Towards Facilitating Instruction in the Anglo-Saxon and Modern Dialects of the English Language\" (1796) Manual of Parliamentary Practice for the Use of the Senate of the United States (1801) Autobiography (1821) Jefferson Bible, or The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth See also Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence List of presidents of the United States by previous experience List of presidents of the United States who owned slaves List of abolitionist forerunners Jefferson Monroe Levy Clotel or The President's Daughter, an 1853 novel by William Wells Brown Seconds pendulum Founders Online Notes References Bibliography Scholarly studies Andrews, Stuart. \"Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution\" History Today (May 1968), Vol.", "A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. He was a prolific letter writer and corresponded with many prominent people, including Edward Carrington, John Taylor of Caroline and James Madison. Among his books is Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), considered perhaps the most important American book published before 1800. Jefferson championed the ideals, values, and teachings of the Enlightenment. During his lifetime, Jefferson owned over 600 slaves, who were kept in his household and on his plantations.", "The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national levels. During the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia in the Continental Congress that adopted the Declaration of Independence. As a Virginia legislator, he drafted a state law for religious freedom.", "Jefferson attempted to preemptively influence the verdict by telling Congress that Burr's guilt was \"beyond question\", but the case came before his longtime political foe John Marshall, who dismissed the treason charge. Burr's legal team at one stage subpoenaed Jefferson, but Jefferson refused to testify, making the first argument for executive privilege. Instead, Jefferson provided relevant legal documents. After a three-month trial, the jury found Burr not guilty, while Jefferson denounced his acquittal." ]

[ "Biographer George Tucker considered the work \"surprising in the extent of the information which a single individual had been thus able to acquire, as to the physical features of the state\", and Merrill D. Peterson described it as an accomplishment for which all Americans should be grateful. Member of Congress The United States formed a Congress of the Confederation following victory in the Revolutionary War and a peace treaty with Great Britain in 1783, to which Jefferson was appointed as a Virginia delegate.", "His enrollment in the College of William and Mary and election to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1775 were included. He also expressed opposition to the idea of a privileged aristocracy made up of large landowning families partial to the King, and instead promoted \"the aristocracy of virtue and talent, which nature has wisely provided for the direction of the interests of society, & scattered with equal hand through all its conditions, was deemed essential to a well-ordered republic\". Jefferson gave his insight into people, politics, and events.", "The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national levels. During the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia in the Continental Congress that adopted the Declaration of Independence. As a Virginia legislator, he drafted a state law for religious freedom.", "The Committee met when Congress adjourned, but disagreements rendered it dysfunctional. In the Congress's 1783–84 session, Jefferson acted as chairman of committees to establish a viable system of government for the new Republic and to propose a policy for the settlement of the western territories. Jefferson was the principal author of the Land Ordinance of 1784, whereby Virginia ceded to the national government the vast area that it claimed northwest of the Ohio River.", "1948–1981) , Ebook Thomas Jefferson Foundation sources Thomas Jefferson Foundation (Main page and site-search) Primary sources The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, – the Princeton University Press edition of the correspondence and papers; vol 1 appeared in 1950; vol 41 (covering part of 1803) appeared in 2014. \"Founders Online,\" searchable edition (Note: This was Jefferson's only book; numerous editions) Web site sources Teaching methods External links White House biography Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive at the Massachusetts Historical Society Thomas Jefferson collection at the University of Virginia Library The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, subset of Founders Online from the National Archives The Thomas Jefferson Hour, a radio show about all things Thomas Jefferson The Thomas Jefferson Hour 1743 births 1826 deaths 18th-century American philosophers 18th-century vice presidents of the United States 18th-century American writers 19th-century American philosophers 19th-century vice presidents of the United States 19th-century presidents of the United States Ambassadors of the United States to France American architects American book and manuscript collectors American colonization movement American deists American foreign policy writers American gardeners American inventors American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law American male non-fiction writers American Neoclassical architects American people of English descent American people of Welsh descent American planters American political party founders American political philosophers American political writers American religious skeptics American slave owners American surveyors Burials at Monticello Candidates in the 1792 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1796 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1800 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1804 United States presidential election College of William & Mary alumni Continental Congressmen from Virginia Democratic-Republican Party presidents of the United States Democratic-Republican Party vice presidents of the United States Enlightenment philosophers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Free speech activists Governors of Virginia Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees 1800s in the United States House of Burgesses members Independent scientists Thomas Members of the American Antiquarian Society Members of the American Philosophical Society Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the Virginia House of Delegates People from Monticello People of the American Enlightenment Philosophers from Virginia Physiocrats Pre-19th-century cryptographers Presidents of the United States Randolph family of Virginia Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence United States Secretaries of State University and college founders University of Virginia people Vice presidents of the United States Virginia colonial people Virginia Democratic-Republicans Virginia lawyers Washington administration cabinet members Writers from Virginia Writers of American Southern literature Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal", "Member of Congress The United States formed a Congress of the Confederation following victory in the Revolutionary War and a peace treaty with Great Britain in 1783, to which Jefferson was appointed as a Virginia delegate. He was a member of the committee setting foreign exchange rates and recommended an American currency based on the decimal system which was adopted. He advised the formation of the Committee of the States to fill the power vacuum when Congress was in recess. The Committee met when Congress adjourned, but disagreements rendered it dysfunctional.", "Virginia state legislator and governor At the start of the Revolution, Jefferson was a colonel and was named commander of the Albemarle County Militia on September 26, 1775. He was then elected to the Virginia House of Delegates for Albemarle County in September 1776, when finalizing a state constitution was a priority. For nearly three years, he assisted with the constitution and was especially proud of his Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, which forbade state support of religious institutions or enforcement of religious doctrine.", "Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the provocative Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 and 1799, which sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts. Jefferson was a longtime friend of John Adams, both serving in the Continental Congress and drafting the Declaration of Independence together. However, Jefferson's status as a Democratic-Republican would end up making Adams, a Federalist, his political rival.", "For nearly three years, he assisted with the constitution and was especially proud of his Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, which forbade state support of religious institutions or enforcement of religious doctrine. The bill failed to pass, as did his legislation to disestablish the Anglican Church, but both were later revived by James Madison. In 1778, Jefferson was given the task of revising the state's laws. He drafted 126 bills in three years, including laws to streamline the judicial system." ]

[ "Ruth Etting (November 23, 1896 – September 24, 1978) was an American singer and actress of the 1920s and 1930s, who had over 60 hit recordings and worked in stage, radio, and film. Known as \"America's sweetheart of song\", her signature tunes were \"Shine On, Harvest Moon\", \"Ten Cents a Dance\" and \"Love Me or Leave Me\".", "(1934) - herself Gift of Gab (1934) - herself Notes References Sources External links Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 01 Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 02 Ruth Etting recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1897 births 1978 deaths Actresses from Nebraska American film actresses American musical theatre actresses Singers from Nebraska People from David City, Nebraska Torch singers Vaudeville performers 20th-century American actresses 20th-century American singers 20th-century American women singers Biograph Records artists", "(1934) - Ruth Bandits and Ballads (1934) An Old Spanish Onion (1935) Ticket or Leave It (1935) Tuned Out (1935) - Ruth, the Dixie Song Bird Alladin from Manhattan (1936) Melody in May (1936) - herself Sleepy Time (1936) - (final film role) Feature films Mr. Broadway (1933) - herself Roman Scandals (1933, her breakthrough film, which starred Eddie Cantor and Gloria Stuart) - Olga Hips, Hips, Hooray! (1934) - herself Gift of Gab (1934) - herself Notes References Sources External links Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 01 Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 02 Ruth Etting recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.", "Etting returned to the US and signed with Decca in December 1936 and recorded until April 1937, when she basically retired from recording. Personal life Etting saved some of her paycheck each week, regardless of the amount she was making at the time. Her friends said she invested in California real estate rather than the stock market. Etting, who made many of her own clothes, did her own housekeeping and lived frugally, initially announced her retirement in 1935.", "Etting, who made many of her own clothes, did her own housekeeping and lived frugally, initially announced her retirement in 1935. It is not clear why she did not go through with her announced plans, but she issued a second statement regarding retirement after filing for divorce from Snyder in November 1937. Snyder's aggressive and controlling management style began to cause problems for Etting; during her work with Whoopee! on Broadway, Snyder was a constant presence.", "She was hired on that basis because Ziegfeld did not hire women with big ankles. While the original plan for the show was for Etting to do a tap dance after singing \"Shaking the Blues Away\", she later remembered she was not a very good dancer. At the show's final rehearsal, Flo Ziegfeld told her: \"Ruth, when you get through singing, just walk off the stage\". Etting also appeared in Ziegfeld's last \"Follies\" in 1931.", "(1928) – in which she introduced \"Love Me or Leave Me\" Nine-Fifteen Revue (1929) – in which she introduced \"Get Happy\" Simple Simon (1930) – in which she introduced \"Ten Cents a Dance\" Ziegfeld Follies of 1931 Filmography Short films The Book of Lovers (1929) Broadway's Like That (1930) - Ruth Roseland (1930) - Helen Leslie One Good Turn (1930) - Ruth Eton Stage Struck (1931) Old Lace (1931) Words & Music (1931) - Ruth Eton Radio Salutes (1931) A Mail Bride (1932) A Regular Trouper (1932) - Ruth Eton Artistic Temper (1932) - Ruth Whitney / Ruth White A Modern Cinderella (1932) - Anita Ragusa Bye-Gones (1933) - Aunt Ruth Along Came Ruth (1933) - Ruth Etting a.k.a. Ruth Eldridge Crashing the Gate (1933) Knee Deep in Music (1933) California Weather (1933) A Torch Tango (1934) The Song of Fame (1934) - Ruth Eaton Derby Decade (1934) - Della Delmar Southern Style (1934) No Contest!", "In 1936, she appeared in London in Ray Henderson's Transatlantic Rhythm. Etting quit the show because she and the other performers had not been paid. Etting was first heard on radio station WLS while she was living in Chicago. Her appearance drew so much fan mail the station signed her to a year's contract for twice weekly performances. On CBS, she broadcast twice weekly in a 15 minute radio show in the 1930s.", "She gave up art school soon after beginning to work at Marigold Gardens. Before turning exclusively to performing, Etting worked as a designer for the owner of a costume shop in Chicago's Loop; she was successful enough to earn a partnership in the shop through her work. While she enjoyed singing at school and in church, Etting never took voice lessons. She said that she had patterned her song styling after Marion Harris, but created her own unique style by alternating tempos and by varying some notes and phrases." ]

[ "Ruth Etting (November 23, 1896 – September 24, 1978) was an American singer and actress of the 1920s and 1930s, who had over 60 hit recordings and worked in stage, radio, and film. Known as \"America's sweetheart of song\", her signature tunes were \"Shine On, Harvest Moon\", \"Ten Cents a Dance\" and \"Love Me or Leave Me\".", "(1934) - herself Gift of Gab (1934) - herself Notes References Sources External links Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 01 Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 02 Ruth Etting recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1897 births 1978 deaths Actresses from Nebraska American film actresses American musical theatre actresses Singers from Nebraska People from David City, Nebraska Torch singers Vaudeville performers 20th-century American actresses 20th-century American singers 20th-century American women singers Biograph Records artists", "(1934) - Ruth Bandits and Ballads (1934) An Old Spanish Onion (1935) Ticket or Leave It (1935) Tuned Out (1935) - Ruth, the Dixie Song Bird Alladin from Manhattan (1936) Melody in May (1936) - herself Sleepy Time (1936) - (final film role) Feature films Mr. Broadway (1933) - herself Roman Scandals (1933, her breakthrough film, which starred Eddie Cantor and Gloria Stuart) - Olga Hips, Hips, Hooray! (1934) - herself Gift of Gab (1934) - herself Notes References Sources External links Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 01 Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 02 Ruth Etting recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.", "On CBS, she broadcast twice weekly in a 15 minute radio show in the 1930s. By 1934, she was on NBC with sports announcer Ted Husing and sponsorship of the program from Oldsmobile . Recording history After an unissued test made by Victor on April 4, 1924, Etting was signed to Columbia Records in February 1926. She remained at Columbia through June 1931, when she split her recording between ARC (Banner, Perfect, Romeo, Oriole, etc.) and Columbia through March 1933.", "Etting returned to the US and signed with Decca in December 1936 and recorded until April 1937, when she basically retired from recording. Personal life Etting saved some of her paycheck each week, regardless of the amount she was making at the time. Her friends said she invested in California real estate rather than the stock market. Etting, who made many of her own clothes, did her own housekeeping and lived frugally, initially announced her retirement in 1935.", "In 1936, she appeared in London in Ray Henderson's Transatlantic Rhythm. Etting quit the show because she and the other performers had not been paid. Etting was first heard on radio station WLS while she was living in Chicago. Her appearance drew so much fan mail the station signed her to a year's contract for twice weekly performances. On CBS, she broadcast twice weekly in a 15 minute radio show in the 1930s.", "Etting, who made many of her own clothes, did her own housekeeping and lived frugally, initially announced her retirement in 1935. It is not clear why she did not go through with her announced plans, but she issued a second statement regarding retirement after filing for divorce from Snyder in November 1937. Snyder's aggressive and controlling management style began to cause problems for Etting; during her work with Whoopee! on Broadway, Snyder was a constant presence.", "and Columbia through March 1933. and Columbia through March 1933. She signed with Brunswick and remained there until May 1934, when she re-signed with Columbia through July 1935. After a solitary Brunswick session in March 1936, she signed with the British label Rex and recorded two sessions in August and September, 1936. Etting returned to the US and signed with Decca in December 1936 and recorded until April 1937, when she basically retired from recording.", "She said that she had patterned her song styling after Marion Harris, but created her own unique style by alternating tempos and by varying some notes and phrases. Describing herself as a \"high, squeaky soprano\" during her days in David City, Etting developed a lower range singing voice after her arrival in Chicago which led to her success. Her big moment came when a featured vocalist suddenly became ill and was unable to perform. With no other replacement available, Etting was asked to fill in.", "She was hired on that basis because Ziegfeld did not hire women with big ankles. While the original plan for the show was for Etting to do a tap dance after singing \"Shaking the Blues Away\", she later remembered she was not a very good dancer. At the show's final rehearsal, Flo Ziegfeld told her: \"Ruth, when you get through singing, just walk off the stage\". Etting also appeared in Ziegfeld's last \"Follies\" in 1931." ]

[ "During the trial, Snyder's attorney portrayed Ruth Etting as a calculating woman who had married Moe Snyder strictly for the benefit of her career, and that she divorced him in favor of being with another, younger man (Alderman). Snyder's attorney echoed his client's claim of self-defense and said his client never intended to kill Etting, his daughter, and Myrl Alderman.", "Snyder's attorney initially tried to prevent Etting from testifying against Snyder with a charge that the divorce she obtained in Illinois was invalid because she was a resident of California at that time. During the trial, Snyder's attorney portrayed Ruth Etting as a calculating woman who had married Moe Snyder strictly for the benefit of her career, and that she divorced him in favor of being with another, younger man (Alderman).", "Etting expressed sadness that \"the real highlight of my life\", her marriage to Alderman, was omitted from the film. Shortly before her death, Etting said she thought the screen portrayal of her was too tough and that Jane Powell would have been a better choice for the lead. Etting has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her work in films, located on the north side of the 6500 block of Hollywood Boulevard.", "(1934) - herself Gift of Gab (1934) - herself Notes References Sources External links Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 01 Ruth Etting at the Internet Archive 02 Ruth Etting recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1897 births 1978 deaths Actresses from Nebraska American film actresses American musical theatre actresses Singers from Nebraska People from David City, Nebraska Torch singers Vaudeville performers 20th-century American actresses 20th-century American singers 20th-century American women singers Biograph Records artists", "Ruth Etting (November 23, 1896 – September 24, 1978) was an American singer and actress of the 1920s and 1930s, who had over 60 hit recordings and worked in stage, radio, and film. Known as \"America's sweetheart of song\", her signature tunes were \"Shine On, Harvest Moon\", \"Ten Cents a Dance\" and \"Love Me or Leave Me\".", "She was hired on that basis because Ziegfeld did not hire women with big ankles. While the original plan for the show was for Etting to do a tap dance after singing \"Shaking the Blues Away\", she later remembered she was not a very good dancer. At the show's final rehearsal, Flo Ziegfeld told her: \"Ruth, when you get through singing, just walk off the stage\". Etting also appeared in Ziegfeld's last \"Follies\" in 1931.", "Etting gave her ex-husband half of her earnings at the time, $50,000, some securities and a half interest in a home in Beverly Hills, California. She deducted the gambling debts of Snyder she had paid and the costs she had paid for a home for Snyder's mother. Threats and the shooting Etting fell in love with her pianist, Myrl Alderman, who was separated from his wife.", "On CBS, she broadcast twice weekly in a 15 minute radio show in the 1930s. By 1934, she was on NBC with sports announcer Ted Husing and sponsorship of the program from Oldsmobile . Recording history After an unissued test made by Victor on April 4, 1924, Etting was signed to Columbia Records in February 1926. She remained at Columbia through June 1931, when she split her recording between ARC (Banner, Perfect, Romeo, Oriole, etc.) and Columbia through March 1933.", "Etting, who made many of her own clothes, did her own housekeeping and lived frugally, initially announced her retirement in 1935. It is not clear why she did not go through with her announced plans, but she issued a second statement regarding retirement after filing for divorce from Snyder in November 1937. Snyder's aggressive and controlling management style began to cause problems for Etting; during her work with Whoopee! on Broadway, Snyder was a constant presence.", "In 1936, she appeared in London in Ray Henderson's Transatlantic Rhythm. Etting quit the show because she and the other performers had not been paid. Etting was first heard on radio station WLS while she was living in Chicago. Her appearance drew so much fan mail the station signed her to a year's contract for twice weekly performances. On CBS, she broadcast twice weekly in a 15 minute radio show in the 1930s." ]

[ "In the Fourth and Fifth Theses of that work he identified all art as the \"fruits of unsociableness\" due to men's \"antagonism in society\" and, in the Seventh Thesis, asserted that while such material property is indicative of a civilized state, only the ideal of morality and the universalization of refined value through the improvement of the mind \"belongs to culture\". Political philosophy In Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch, Kant listed several conditions that he thought necessary for ending wars and creating a lasting peace.", "He wanted to put an end to what he saw as an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as Hume. He regarded himself as showing the way past the impasse between rationalists and empiricists, and is widely held to have synthesized both traditions in his thought. Kant was an exponent of the idea that perpetual peace could be secured through universal democracy and international cooperation, and that perhaps this could be the culminating stage of world history.", "Beyond his religious views, Kant has also been criticized for the racism presented in some of his lesser-known papers, such as \"On the Use of Teleological Principles in Philosophy\" and \"On the Different Races of Man\". Although he was a proponent of scientific racism for much of his career, Kant's views on race changed significantly in the last decade of his life, and he ultimately rejected racial hierarchies and European colonialism in Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795).", "\"In more characteristically Kantian terms, it is doctrine of the state based upon the law (Rechtsstaat) and of eternal peace. Indeed, in each of these formulations, both terms express the same idea: that of legal constitution or of 'peace through law'. Kant's political philosophy, being essentially a legal doctrine, rejects by definition the opposition between moral education and the play of passions as alternate foundations for social life. The state is defined as the union of men under law.", "In particular, she argues that Kant unambiguously rejected past views related to racial hierarchies and the diminished rights or moral status of non-whites in Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795). This work also saw him providing extended arguments against European colonialism, which he claimed was morally unjust and incompatible with the equal rights held by indigenous populations.", "The concept of \"conditions of possibility\", as in his notion of \"the conditions of possible experience\"that is that things, knowledge, and forms of consciousness rest on prior conditions that make them possible, so that, to understand or to know them, we must first understand these conditions; The theory that objective experience is actively constituted or constructed by the functioning of the human mind; His notion of moral autonomy as central to humanity; His assertion of the principle that human beings should be treated as ends rather than as means. Kant's ideas have been incorporated into a variety of schools of thought.", "The specifics of Kant's account generated immediate and lasting controversy. Nevertheless, his thesesthat the mind itself necessarily makes a constitutive contribution to its knowledge, that this contribution is transcendental rather than psychological, that philosophy involves self-critical activity, that morality is rooted in human freedom, and that to act autonomously is to act according to rational moral principleshave all had a lasting effect on subsequent philosophy.", "Kant's views continue to have a major influence on contemporary philosophy, especially the fields of epistemology, ethics, political theory, and post-modern aesthetics. He attempted to explain the relationship between reason and human experience and to move beyond what he believed to be the failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He wanted to put an end to what he saw as an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as Hume." ]

[ "The specifics of Kant's account generated immediate and lasting controversy. Nevertheless, his thesesthat the mind itself necessarily makes a constitutive contribution to its knowledge, that this contribution is transcendental rather than psychological, that philosophy involves self-critical activity, that morality is rooted in human freedom, and that to act autonomously is to act according to rational moral principleshave all had a lasting effect on subsequent philosophy.", "Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him an influential figure in modern Western philosophy.", "He also wrote a number of semi-popular essays on history, religion, politics and other topics. These works were well received by Kant's contemporaries and confirmed his preeminent status in 18th-century philosophy. There were several journals devoted solely to defending and criticizing Kantian philosophy. Despite his success, philosophical trends were moving in another direction. Many of Kant's most important disciples and followers (including Reinhold, Beck and Fichte) transformed the Kantian position into increasingly radical forms of idealism.", "Kant's reputation gradually rose through the latter portion of the 1780s, sparked by a series of important works: the 1784 essay, \"Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? \"; 1785's Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (his first work on moral philosophy); and, from 1786, Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science. But Kant's fame ultimately arrived from an unexpected source. In 1786, Karl Leonhard Reinhold published a series of public letters on Kantian philosophy.", "Kant's views continue to have a major influence on contemporary philosophy, especially the fields of epistemology, ethics, political theory, and post-modern aesthetics. He attempted to explain the relationship between reason and human experience and to move beyond what he believed to be the failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He wanted to put an end to what he saw as an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as Hume.", "Kant's ideas have been incorporated into a variety of schools of thought. These include German idealism, Marxism, positivism, phenomenology, existentialism, critical theory, linguistic philosophy, structuralism, post-structuralism, and deconstructionism. Historical influence During his own life, much critical attention was paid to his thought. He influenced Reinhold, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Novalis during the 1780s and 1790s. The school of thinking known as German idealism developed from his writings.", "Kant: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 1978. Gardner, Sebastian. Gardner, Sebastian. Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason. Routledge, 1999. Martin, Gottfried. Kant's Metaphysics and Theory of Science. Greenwood Press, 1955 (elucidates Kant's most fundamental concepts in their historical context) Palmquist, Stephen. Kant's System of Perspectives : an architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1993. Seung, T.K. 2007.", "Do not the divinity and beneficence of the latter become all the more evident?\" This view continued throughout the 19th century, as noted by Friedrich Nietzsche, who said \"Kant's success is merely a theologian's success.\" The reason for these views was Kant's moral theology, and the widespread belief that his philosophy was the great antithesis to Spinozism, which had been convulsing the European academy for much of the 18th century.", "Film/television Kant and his work was heavily referenced in the comedy television show The Good Place, as the show deals with the subject of ethics and moral philosophy. Bibliography List of major works (1749) Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces (Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte) (March 1755) Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens (Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels) (April 1755) Brief Outline of Certain Meditations on Fire (Meditationum quarundam de igne succinta delineatio (master's thesis under Johann Gottfried Teske)) (September 1755) A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition (Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio (doctoral thesis)) (1756) The Use in Natural Philosophy of Metaphysics Combined with Geometry, Part I: Physical Monadology (Metaphysicae cum geometrica iunctae usus in philosophin naturali, cuius specimen I. continet monadologiam physicam, abbreviated as Monadologia Physica (thesis as a prerequisite of associate professorship)) (1762) The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures (Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren) (1763) The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God (Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes) (1763) Attempt to Introduce the Concept of Negative Magnitudes into Philosophy (Versuch den Begriff der negativen Größen in die Weltweisheit einzuführen) (1764) Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime (Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen) (1764) Essay on the Illness of the Head (Über die Krankheit des Kopfes) (1764) Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality (the Prize Essay) (Untersuchungen über die Deutlichkeit der Grundsätze der natürlichen Theologie und der Moral) (1766) Dreams of a Spirit-Seer (Träume eines Geistersehers) (1768) On the Ultimate Ground of the Differentiation of Regions in Space (Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume) (August 1770) Dissertation on the Form and Principles of the Sensible and the Intelligible World (De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis (doctoral thesis)) (1775) On the Different Races of Man (Über die verschiedenen Rassen der Menschen) (1781) First edition of the Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft) (1783) Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics (Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik) (1784) \"An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment?\"", "Karl Leonhard Reinhold, whose letters first made Kant famous, wrote \"I believe that I may infer without reservation that the interest of religion, and of Christianity in particular, accords completely with the result of the Critique of Reason.\" Johann Schultz, who wrote one of the first Kant commentaries, wrote \"And does not this system itself cohere most splendidly with the Christian religion? Do not the divinity and beneficence of the latter become all the more evident?\"" ]

[ "Political philosophy In Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch, Kant listed several conditions that he thought necessary for ending wars and creating a lasting peace. They included a world of constitutional republics. His classical republican theory was extended in the Science of Right, the first part of the Metaphysics of Morals (1797). Kant believed that universal history leads to the ultimate world of republican states at peace, but his theory was not pragmatic.", "Kant believed that universal history leads to the ultimate world of republican states at peace, but his theory was not pragmatic. The process was described in \"Perpetual Peace\" as natural rather than rational: Kant's political thought can be summarized as republican government and international organization. \"In more characteristically Kantian terms, it is doctrine of the state based upon the law (Rechtsstaat) and of eternal peace.", "Kant's ideas have been incorporated into a variety of schools of thought. These include German idealism, Marxism, positivism, phenomenology, existentialism, critical theory, linguistic philosophy, structuralism, post-structuralism, and deconstructionism. Historical influence During his own life, much critical attention was paid to his thought. He influenced Reinhold, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Novalis during the 1780s and 1790s. The school of thinking known as German idealism developed from his writings.", "Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him an influential figure in modern Western philosophy.", "Although he was a proponent of scientific racism for much of his career, Kant's views on race changed significantly in the last decade of his life, and he ultimately rejected racial hierarchies and European colonialism in Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795). Kant published other important works on ethics, religion, law, aesthetics, astronomy, and history during his lifetime.", "Beyond his religious views, Kant has also been criticized for the racism presented in some of his lesser-known papers, such as \"On the Use of Teleological Principles in Philosophy\" and \"On the Different Races of Man\". Although he was a proponent of scientific racism for much of his career, Kant's views on race changed significantly in the last decade of his life, and he ultimately rejected racial hierarchies and European colonialism in Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795).", "He wrote about Kant's ideas of race: Pauline Kleingeld argues that while Kant was indeed a staunch advocate of scientific racism for much of his career, his views on race changed significantly in works published in the last decade of his life. In particular, she argues that Kant unambiguously rejected past views related to racial hierarchies and the diminished rights or moral status of non-whites in Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795).", "Kant was an exponent of the idea that perpetual peace could be secured through universal democracy and international cooperation, and that perhaps this could be the culminating stage of world history. The nature of Kant's religious views continues to be the subject of scholarly dispute, with viewpoints ranging from the impression that he shifted from an early defense of an ontological argument for the existence of God to a principled agnosticism, to more critical treatments epitomized by Schopenhauer, who criticized the imperative form of Kantian ethics as \"theological morals\" and the \"Mosaic Decalogue in disguise\", and Nietzsche, who claimed that Kant had \"theologian blood\" and was merely a sophisticated apologist for traditional Christian faith.", "He stated, \"...democracy is, properly speaking, necessarily a despotism, because it establishes an executive power in which 'all' decide for or even against one who does not agree; that is, 'all,' who are not quite all, decide, and this is a contradiction of the general will with itself and with freedom.\" As with most writers at the time, he distinguished three forms of government i.e. democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy with mixed government as the most ideal form of it." ]

[ "1 2000: Best Actor – Female; Biwi No.1 2001: Best Actor – Female; Fiza 2002: Best Actor – Female; Zubeidaa 2003: Best Actor - Female; Shakti: The Power IIFA Awards Won 2001: Best Actress; Fiza Nominated 2000: Best Actress; Biwi No.1 2003: Best Actress; Shakti: The Power Bollywood Movie Awards Winner 1997: Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai 2001: Best Actress; Fiza 2003: Most Sensational Actress; Shakti: The Power Other awards Winner 1997: Sansui Viewer's Choice Award for Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai 2000: Indo-American Society Young Achievers Award for Young Achiever Award 2001: Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress - Hindi Movies; Fiza 2001: Sansui Viewers's Choice Award for Best Actress Jury; Fiza 2002: Smita Patil Memorial Award Receiver for Outstanding Contribution to Film Industry 2011: Hello! Hall of Fame Award for Most Stylish Woman of the Year See also Kapoor Family References External links 1974 births Living people Karisma Indian film actresses Indian television actresses Punjabi people Sindhi people Actresses in Hindi cinema Best Supporting Actress National Film Award winners Actresses from Mumbai 20th-century Indian actresses 21st-century Indian actresses Anglo-Indian people Cathedral and John Connon School alumni", "Later in the same year, she made her television debut in the Sahara One soap opera Karishma - The Miracles of Destiny, in which she played a dual role of a grandmother and granddaughter. The serial ended after 260 episodes in 2004 and she took a sabbatical from full-time acting for several years. In 2006, Kapoor was seen in Mere Jeevan Saathi; the film had been shot and completed in 2003, but was delayed for three years. In 2007, Kapoor won the Koffee Award for Best Supporting Appearance.", "Having done so, Kapoor has established herself as one of the leading actresses of Hindi cinema. National Film Awards Won 1998: Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai Filmfare Awards Won 1997: Best Actress; Raja Hindustani 1998: Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai 2001: Best Actress; Fiza 2002: Best Actress (Critics); Zubeidaa Nominated 1993: Best Female Debut: Sapne Sajan Ke 2000: Best Actress; Biwi No.1 2002: Best Actress; Zubeidaa 2003: Best Actress; Shakti: The Power Screen Awards Nominated 1997: Best Actress; Raja Hindustani 1998: Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai 2000: Best Actress; Biwi No.1 2001: Best Actress; Fiza 2002: Best Actress; Zubeidaa 2003: Best Actress; Shakti: The Power Zee Cine Awards Won 1998: Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female; Dil To Pagal Hai 2001: Zee Premiere Choice – Female; Fiza Nominated 1998: Best Actor – Female; Dil To Pagal Hai 1998: Best Actor – Female; Hero No.", "She took a sabbatical from acting in 2004, and has since acted sporadically, which include the thriller Dangerous Ishqq (2012) and the web series Mentalhood (2020). Kapoor was married to businessman Sanjay Kapur from 2003–2016; the couple have two children together. Kapoor has played the titular character in the television series Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny (2003–2004) and has featured as a talent judge for several reality shows.", "Despite much anticipation, Kapoor's all three releases that year underperformed at the box office. 2003–present In 2003, she starred in Baaz: A Bird in Danger, which was her only release that year. However, the film performed poorly at the box-office. Later in the same year, she made her television debut in the Sahara One soap opera Karishma - The Miracles of Destiny, in which she played a dual role of a grandmother and granddaughter.", "The couple reconciled in 2007, after living separately for several years. Kapoor studied at the Cathedral and John Connon School and later, for a few months at Sophia College. Kapoor later said that she left college to pursue acting for financial support. Career 1991–1996: Early roles and debut Kapoor made her acting debut in 1991 at the age of seventeen with the romantic drama Prem Qaidi, opposite debutant Harish Kumar.", "Kapoor has featured on Forbes Indias \"Celebrity 100\", a list based on the income and popularity of India's celebrities, peaking at the seventy-sixth position in 2012, with an estimated annual earning of . As of 2016, her eight films have grossed with making more than .", "Kapoor rose to prominence starring in a number of box office hits, including Jigar (1992), Anari (1993), Raja Babu (1994), Coolie No. 1 (1995), Saajan Chale Sasural (1996), and Jeet (1996)." ]

[ "Karisma Kapoor (born 25 June 1974) is an Indian actress, who works in Hindi films. Born and raised in Mumbai, she is a member of the Kapoor family, and made her acting debut with the film Prem Qaidi in 1991. She is the recipient of several accolades, including a National Film Award and four Filmfare Awards. Kapoor rose to prominence starring in a number of box office hits, including Jigar (1992), Anari (1993), Raja Babu (1994), Coolie No.", "Kapoor has played the titular character in the television series Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny (2003–2004) and has featured as a talent judge for several reality shows. Early life and background Kapoor was born on 25 June 1974 in Mumbai, to actors Randhir Kapoor and Babita (née Shivdasani). Her younger sister, Kareena, is also a film actress. Her paternal grandfather was the actor and filmmaker Raj Kapoor, while her maternal grandfather was actor Hari Shivdasani. Her paternal great-grandfather was actor Prithviraj Kapoor.", "1 2000: Best Actor – Female; Biwi No.1 2001: Best Actor – Female; Fiza 2002: Best Actor – Female; Zubeidaa 2003: Best Actor - Female; Shakti: The Power IIFA Awards Won 2001: Best Actress; Fiza Nominated 2000: Best Actress; Biwi No.1 2003: Best Actress; Shakti: The Power Bollywood Movie Awards Winner 1997: Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai 2001: Best Actress; Fiza 2003: Most Sensational Actress; Shakti: The Power Other awards Winner 1997: Sansui Viewer's Choice Award for Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai 2000: Indo-American Society Young Achievers Award for Young Achiever Award 2001: Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress - Hindi Movies; Fiza 2001: Sansui Viewers's Choice Award for Best Actress Jury; Fiza 2002: Smita Patil Memorial Award Receiver for Outstanding Contribution to Film Industry 2011: Hello! Hall of Fame Award for Most Stylish Woman of the Year See also Kapoor Family References External links 1974 births Living people Karisma Indian film actresses Indian television actresses Punjabi people Sindhi people Actresses in Hindi cinema Best Supporting Actress National Film Award winners Actresses from Mumbai 20th-century Indian actresses 21st-century Indian actresses Anglo-Indian people Cathedral and John Connon School alumni", "Her performance in the film was highly acclaimed and several critics noted her for showing great emotional range and depth. Mimmy Jain of The Indian Express, in a positive review, wrote: \"As the young girl who is sick of the suspense and disruption that her brother's disappearance has caused in her family's life, as the obstinate daughter who will not listen to her mother's plea to let her keep hoping for her son, as the determined sister who keeps on in her hunt for her brother despite all odds and then seeks to keep him on the right path, this is a new Karisma, and one that delivers a superbly flawless performance.\"", "Having done so, Kapoor has established herself as one of the leading actresses of Hindi cinema. National Film Awards Won 1998: Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai Filmfare Awards Won 1997: Best Actress; Raja Hindustani 1998: Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai 2001: Best Actress; Fiza 2002: Best Actress (Critics); Zubeidaa Nominated 1993: Best Female Debut: Sapne Sajan Ke 2000: Best Actress; Biwi No.1 2002: Best Actress; Zubeidaa 2003: Best Actress; Shakti: The Power Screen Awards Nominated 1997: Best Actress; Raja Hindustani 1998: Best Supporting Actress; Dil To Pagal Hai 2000: Best Actress; Biwi No.1 2001: Best Actress; Fiza 2002: Best Actress; Zubeidaa 2003: Best Actress; Shakti: The Power Zee Cine Awards Won 1998: Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female; Dil To Pagal Hai 2001: Zee Premiere Choice – Female; Fiza Nominated 1998: Best Actor – Female; Dil To Pagal Hai 1998: Best Actor – Female; Hero No.", "Mimmy Jain of The Indian Express, in a positive review, wrote: \"As the young girl who is sick of the suspense and disruption that her brother's disappearance has caused in her family's life, as the obstinate daughter who will not listen to her mother's plea to let her keep hoping for her son, as the determined sister who keeps on in her hunt for her brother despite all odds and then seeks to keep him on the right path, this is a new Karisma, and one that delivers a superbly flawless performance.\" The film emerged as a \"semi-hit\" at the box office with a worldwide gross of .", "Later in the same year, she made her television debut in the Sahara One soap opera Karishma - The Miracles of Destiny, in which she played a dual role of a grandmother and granddaughter. The serial ended after 260 episodes in 2004 and she took a sabbatical from full-time acting for several years. In 2006, Kapoor was seen in Mere Jeevan Saathi; the film had been shot and completed in 2003, but was delayed for three years. In 2007, Kapoor won the Koffee Award for Best Supporting Appearance.", "Kapoor is of Punjabi Hindu descent on her father's side, and on her mother's side she is of Sindhi Hindu and British descent. Particularly inspired by the work of actresses Sridevi and Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor was keen on pursuing acting since childhood. While growing up, Kapoor regularly attended award ceremonies and accompanied by her parents to film sets. However, despite her family background, her father disapproved of women working in films, because he believed it conflicted with the traditional maternal duties and responsibility of women in the family.", "The song also feature several other actresses (including Rani Mukherji, Sridevi, Alia Bhatt, Deepika Padukone, Kajol and Juhi Chawla), etc. As of March 2020, Kapoor has finished working on the web-series Mentalhood for ALTBalaji. Personal life and off-screen work Kapoor was in a relationship with her Jigar co-star Ajay Devgn from 1992 till they broke up in 1995. She got engaged to Abhishek Bachchan in 2002, but the engagement was called off after a few months." ]

[ "As WWE owned the rights to the name Montel Vontavious Porter, but not MVP, Assad was able to continue working under the abbreviated ring name. In storyline MVP was brought in to the promotion by Nosawa Rongai, who wanted him to join the villainous Kojima-gun, led by Satoshi Kojima.", "New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2011–2013) In 2011, Assad signed a one-year contract with New Japan Pro-Wrestling, pursuing his noted passion for puroresu. TMZ reported that Assad's prior convictions had made it difficult for him to acquire a visa but that he would be debuting in February. As WWE owned the rights to the name Montel Vontavious Porter, but not MVP, Assad was able to continue working under the abbreviated ring name.", "World Wrestling Entertainment Deep South Wrestling (2005–2006) In 2005, after a number of live events and dark matches, Assad signed a developmental contract with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and was assigned to their developmental territory Deep South Wrestling. He originally wrestled under his \"Antonio Banks\" ring name, but then developed the Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) in-ring persona: an arrogant, self-obsessed athlete. He was also on an episode of SmackDown!", "At TLC, he was present when Alexander and Benjamin won the Raw Tag Team Championship. In early 2021, MVP suffered a leg injury and began using a crutch to move around, taken him out of in-ring action. He was present when Bobby Lashley won the WWE Championship on the March 1 episode of Raw.", "They lost the match and the titles, and immediately afterwards, MVP invoked the rematch clause, but they lost that match as well. MVP then attacked Hardy, targeting his knee, which in storyline had been injured during the matches, and put him \"out of action\". Hardy suffered a legitimate ruptured appendix while he was off television, putting their feud on hold.", "Hassan Hamin Assad (born Alvin Antonio Burke Jr.; October 28, 1973) is an American professional wrestler and manager currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name MVP (standing for Montel Vontavious Porter). He is best known for his time with WWE, and also known for his work in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).", "He lost the title to Kofi Kingston on the June 1 episode of Raw, before beginning a feud with Jack Swagger, which culminated in a match at SummerSlam, which MVP won. He then formed a tag team with Mark Henry, and they challenged Jeri-Show (Chris Jericho and The Big Show) for the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship at the Breaking Point pay-per-view, but they failed to win the championship.", "When MVP was legitimately diagnosed with the heart condition Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, it was written into the storyline, with MVP blaming the condition for his losing an arm wrestling match against Hardy. When MVP was given an interview segment during SmackDown!, the VIP Lounge, it was used to bow out of a scheduled boxing match at Saturday Night's Main Event XXXV—with Evander Holyfield replacing him, and eventually punching out MVP during the bout.", "At December 1, 2018, he made his most recent appearance for the promotion, defeating Big Cass at HOH 51. He announced on March 31, 2016, that he would be joining Lucha Underground. However, days later, on April 8, he announced his release from the company due to inadvertently violating terms of his contract by interviewing members of the roster for his podcast. On October 10, 2016, MVP defeated Jody Kristofferson for the All Pro Wrestling (APW) Universal Heavyweight Championship." ]

[ "MVP made his in-ring debut at No Mercy as a heel with a ring entrance featuring an NFL-like inflatable tunnel, before defeating Marty Garner. During the match, commentators Michael Cole and John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield (JBL) decried the choice of opponent, since it had been implied that it would be someone \"more competent\", and joined in with fans mocking his athletic suit styled ring gear, calling him \"pathetic\" while the fans chanted Power Ranger.", "During the match, commentators Michael Cole and John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield (JBL) decried the choice of opponent, since it had been implied that it would be someone \"more competent\", and joined in with fans mocking his athletic suit styled ring gear, calling him \"pathetic\" while the fans chanted Power Ranger. On the following episode of SmackDown!, MVP made a demand for a tougher opponent to prove his mettle, which was answered by Kane making his SmackDown! debut.", "The match was won by MVP, and the championship match was set for the following week's SmackDown, but MVP was unsuccessful in winning the title. MVP was announced as part of Team Mysterio, teaming with Rey Mysterio, The Big Show, Chris Masters and Kofi Kingston to take on Team Del Rio (Alberto Del Rio, Tyler Reks, Jack Swagger, Drew McIntyre and Cody Rhodes) at Survivor Series.", "Because of the burns he was \"out of action\" for a short time, during which color commentator JBL expressed rage with the fans for cheering a match where the only way of achieving victory is to set an opponent on fire. United States Champion (2007–2009) When his feud with Kane ended, MVP began a feud with the WWE United States Champion Chris Benoit over Benoit's title. During the buildup for a title match with Benoit, MVP appeared on SmackDown!", "The following night on Raw, Lashley had a rematch against McIntyre for the WWE Championship in a tag team match that also involved MVP and R-Truth, but he lost again when the latter pinned MVP. On the July 20 episode of Raw, Shelton Benjamin joined his stable, now known as The Hurt Business. MVP then started a feud with the United States Champion Apollo Crews, after MVP would offer him his services but Crews turned him down.", "The two feuded for the next two months, with MVP narrowly scoring wins over Kane in a Street Fight, a Steel Cage match and tag team matches with Mr. Kennedy against the reunited Brothers of Destruction, before losing to Kane in an Inferno match at Armageddon, from which he suffered storyline first-degree burns. Because of the burns he was \"out of action\" for a short time, during which color commentator JBL expressed rage with the fans for cheering a match where the only way of achieving victory is to set an opponent on fire.", "He then formed a tag team with Mark Henry, and they challenged Jeri-Show (Chris Jericho and The Big Show) for the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship at the Breaking Point pay-per-view, but they failed to win the championship. At Survivor Series, MVP and Henry made up part of Team Kofi, competing against Team Orton in a 5-on-5 tag team elimination match. Although both MVP and Henry were eliminated, Team Kofi would go onto to win the match.", "The initial angle involved MVP appearing backstage and in arena crowds, often flanked by women and/or a bodyguard, and talking to SmackDown! General Manager Theodore Long about the contract his (unseen) agent was supposedly aggressively negotiating. Throughout his segments, commentators described MVP as arrogant, noting that he would stop conversations in the middle to answer his mobile phone or admire his own jewelry while people were speaking to him.", "MVP then started a feud with the United States Champion Apollo Crews, after MVP would offer him his services but Crews turned him down. During the storyline, MVP proclaimed himself the real United States Champion when he unveiled a new belt design. At The Horror Show at Extreme Rules, Crews did not appear for their scheduled match, so MVP declared himself as the champion. However, MVP faced Crews two times, one at Raw and the other at SummerSlam, failing both times.", "He was present when Bobby Lashley won the WWE Championship on the March 1 episode of Raw. On the March 29 episode of Raw, Lashley attacked Alexander and Benjamin due to them losing the Raw Tag Team Championships and losing to Drew McIntyre in a 2-on-1 handicap match, thus kicking the tag team out of the faction in the process. Lashley would proclaim that The Hurt Business was over." ]