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[ "Automixers balance multiple sound sources based on each source's level, quickly and dramatically adjusting the various signal levels automatically.", "Automixers are used in live sound reinforcement to maintain a steady limit on the overall signal level of the microphones; if a public address system is set up so that one microphone will not feed back, then, in general, multiple microphones will not feed back if they are automixed.", "The equivalent number of open mics (NOM) present at the output of the automixer is kept low, regardless of the actual number of mics in use.", "While a skilled mixing engineer can greatly enhance the performance of a sound reinforcement system he cannot anticipate with perfect accuracy which participant will speak next in a spontaneous discussion.", "Sudden interjections by panelists may be lost completely, or the beginning of a word may be absent (or \"upcut\") because the operator does not respond quickly enough.", "A properly adjusted automixer can prevent losing words or phrases due to upcut mistakes or lapses of attention.", "Priority ducking is used to lower the level of a microphone or program material, based on a source signal from another microphone, for the duration of the signal present at the source microphone.", "It restores the original level once the source microphone signal has ceased.", "This is useful when program material needs to attenuate in order to accentuate the voice of a narrator, one microphone is used by a chairman or master of ceremonies and needs to have priority over other mics or program material, or a paging mic must attenuate all other signals.", "Automixers can be oriented toward live reinforcement applications or permanent installation.", "Live applications typically use XLR connectors and external controls.", "For permanent installations euroblock connectors and tamper-resistant internal controls may be used.", "Channel configuration switches select sensitivity (dynamic mic, condenser mic, or line), enable or disable phantom power, set priority, and select always on-or-auto mode (\"always on\" being useful for uninterrupted music playback).", "Auto mixers are frequently used in boardrooms but are also useful in theatrical productions and town hall meetings where several wireless microphones are in use.", "Auto mixers may be connected directly to wired mics and wireless mic receivers or may be connected to the channel direct output or send jacks of a mixing console.", "Integration of an auto mixer with manual mixing console permits more precise input gain control, absolute mic muting, low cut filter, equalization and individual mic channel foldback control.", "Frank J. Clement and Bell Labs received a patent in 1969 for a multiple station conference telephone system that switched its output to the loudest input.", "The next year, Emil Torick and Richard G. Allen were granted a patent for an \"Automatic Gain Control System with Noise Variable Threshold\", an adaptive threshold circuit invention with its patent assignation going to Columbia Broadcasting System.", "Some systems using electro-mechanical switching in regard to microphone activation were engineered in the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Peter W. Tappan and Robert F. Ancha devised a system of seat sensors that would activate one of 350 hidden microphones at the Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist in Chicago in 1970.", "From approximately 1968, Ken Patterson and Diversified Concepts developed a hardware system that could detect the \"Number of Open Microphones\" (NOM) and attenuate the master output by an amount which increased with a higher number of microphones in use.", "This latter system was public domain.", "In 1971, Gregory Maston of Bell Labs filed for a patent involving a circuit that could switch between several audio sources based on their levels.", "The loudest one was latched into the mix.", "This system did not ramp switched signals smoothly in and out and did not maintain a constant ambience.", "It was intended for speakerphone conferencing applications.", "In 1972, Keith A. T. Knox with the British Post Office Corporation developed an adaptive threshold gate circuit intended for speakerphone usage.", "The system used a second microphone somewhat near the first to sense ambient noise level.", "Dan Dugan showed his first \"Adaptive Threshold Automatic Microphone Mixing System\" in 1974 at the 49th Audio Engineering Society (AES) meeting in New York, and was granted a patent for a control apparatus for sound reinforcement systems which sensed ambient sound level in the environment of a theater to control each microphone's individual level.", "In 1976, Dugan was granted a patent for an automatic microphone mixing process whereby the total gain of the system remains constant.", "He began manufacturing his first automixer system, the Model A, based on his two patents.", "Dugan built 60 units, with the first, hand-assembled one taken to Bell Labs to be installed in their conference room for Harvey Fletcher.", "The algorithm was simple and effective: \"Each individual input channel is attenuated by an amount, in dB, equal to the difference, in dB, between that channel's level and the sum of all channel levels.\"", "Dugan licensed the system to Altec which released several automixer models including the 1674A, -B and -C series and the 1684A, all focusing on speech applications.", "(The 1684A became an Electrovoice product and is currently administered by their Commercial division.)", "The earliest Altec product implementation was regarded as inferior within the commercial audio contractor industry, and other manufacturers began to design their own automixer products.", "In 1978, Richard W. Peters of Industrial Research Products (IRP) was granted an improvement patent entitled \"Priority mixer control\".", "IRP released the Voice-Matic series of 4 × 1 and 8 × 1 automatic mixers using \"Dynamic Threshold Sensing\" that weighed a combination of the amplitude and history of the signal to determine channel access.", "The master output was attenuated at the rate of 3 dB for every doubling of NOM.", "This master output reduction was the solution used by Yamaha Pro Audio two decades later in their DME series of digital signal processing (DSP) products, incorporating an automixer function which was otherwise an 8- or 16-channel noise gate.", "Eugene Campbell and Terrance Whittemore of Colorado were granted a patent in 1982 for an automatic microphone mixing algorithm that allowed for musical performance mixing that would not be dominated by the loudest vocalist or instrumentalist.", "Stephen D. Julstrom of Shure Brothers, Inc. (Evanston, Illinois) was granted a patent in 1987 for a teleconferencing system that used special directionally gated microphones mixed automatically and sent to a distant party via telephone line.", "The return signal from the distant party was compared in strength to the local mix to determine which party was to be most prominent in the overall mix.", "Any interrupting party was given priority.", "Four years later, Shure would introduce the AMS4000 and AMS8000 automixers for sound reinforcement; mixers which required the use of special directional condenser microphones of the Shure AMS Series.", "In 1985 Innovative Electronic Designs (IED) introduced the circuit card frame-based auto mic mixing system featuring combine-separate function and programmable gain control (PGC) modules.", "Combine-separate functionality is useful for ballroom applications with movable partitions that permit portions or all of a room to be used for one program or multiple programs.", "PGC modules compensate individual mic channel gain for soft-spoken or loud presenters, by slightly boosting or cutting channel gain, respectively.", "At the 87th AES Convention in 1989, Dugan introduced the idea of using an automixer inserted within target channels on a professional audio mixer.", "Each microphone's signal would be interrupted inside its channel strip and sent to a variable gain circuit contained within the automixer.", "The signal would then be returned to the mixer at a level consistent with the Dugan algorithm.", "This became the Dugan Model D automixer.", "In 1991, Dugan's patent expired.", "Competing manufacturers began to bring the Dugan algorithm directly to their product designs.", "In 1993, Travis M. Sims, Jr. of Lectrosonics (Rio Rancho, New Mexico) was granted a patent for a sound system with rate controlled, variable attenuation of microphone inputs, including the Dugan algorithm as well as loudspeaker zone attenuation when in close proximity to an active microphone.", "The loudspeaker zone part of the patent cited a 1985 patent for proportional amplification by Eugene R. Griffith, Jr. of LVW Systems of Colorado Springs, a commercial audio contractor.", "In 1995, Sims and Lectrosonics gained another patent for an \"Adaptive proportional gain audio mixing system\" which incorporated a number of ideas including the Dugan algorithm for maintaining a constant total gain of all the inputs.", "In 1996, Dugan came out with the Model D-1, a speech-only economy model that did not offer the music system of the Model D.\nIn 1997, John H. Roberts of Peavey Electronics was granted a patent for an automatic mixer priority circuit, enabling a hierarchy of logic weighting that allowed selected signals to push forward in the mix when they are in use, while still maintaining the useful constant unity, gain-sharing relationship first described by Dugan.", "The hierarchy enabled a host, moderator or chairperson to speak over other participants and retain control of the discussion.", "Peavey's Architectural Acoustics division used three levels of hierarchy in their 1998 \"Automix 2\" product, placing the first- and second-most influentially weighted sources at inputs 1 and 2, respectively.", "Dan Dugan licensed his system to Protech Audio (Indian Lake, New York) in 1997, yielding the Protech 2000 model series.", "In 2004, the first standard audio mixer incorporating an eight-channel automixer section was released by Peavey in their Sanctuary Series, and in 2006 the similar HP-W was introduced by Crest.", "Both mixers were aimed at the House of Worship market, adding functions that ease the process of audio mixing to religious organizations.", "In 2007, Mark W. Gilbert and Gregory H. Canfield of Shure (Niles, Illinois) were granted a patent for a digital microphone automixer system that used time of arrival as its main decision-making criteria.", "In February 2011, Dugan announced an automixer card to plug in the accessory slot of a Yamaha digital mixing console such as the LS-9, M7CL or PM-5D. This card, the Dugan-MY16, can mix 16 channels of microphone inputs at 44.1–48 kHz or 8 channels at 88.2–96 kHz sampling rates.", "Channels to be automixed are assigned in the mixer's graphic user interface, and can then be controlled by a common web browser interface affecting only the Dugan-MY16 card, allowing remote control with an iPad, touchscreen computer or laptop over wireless network." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "They can also be used to mix actors' wireless microphones in theater productions and musicals." ]

[ "Automixers balance multiple sound sources based on each source's level, quickly and dramatically adjusting the various signal levels automatically.", "Automixers are used in live sound reinforcement to maintain a steady limit on the overall signal level of the microphones; if a public address system is set up so that one microphone will not feed back, then, in general, multiple microphones will not feed back if they are automixed.", "The equivalent number of open mics (NOM) present at the output of the automixer is kept low, regardless of the actual number of mics in use.", "While a skilled mixing engineer can greatly enhance the performance of a sound reinforcement system he cannot anticipate with perfect accuracy which participant will speak next in a spontaneous discussion.", "Sudden interjections by panelists may be lost completely, or the beginning of a word may be absent (or \"upcut\") because the operator does not respond quickly enough.", "A properly adjusted automixer can prevent losing words or phrases due to upcut mistakes or lapses of attention.", "Priority ducking is used to lower the level of a microphone or program material, based on a source signal from another microphone, for the duration of the signal present at the source microphone.", "It restores the original level once the source microphone signal has ceased.", "This is useful when program material needs to attenuate in order to accentuate the voice of a narrator, one microphone is used by a chairman or master of ceremonies and needs to have priority over other mics or program material, or a paging mic must attenuate all other signals.", "Automixers can be oriented toward live reinforcement applications or permanent installation.", "Live applications typically use XLR connectors and external controls.", "For permanent installations euroblock connectors and tamper-resistant internal controls may be used.", "Channel configuration switches select sensitivity (dynamic mic, condenser mic, or line), enable or disable phantom power, set priority, and select always on-or-auto mode (\"always on\" being useful for uninterrupted music playback).", "Auto mixers are frequently used in boardrooms but are also useful in theatrical productions and town hall meetings where several wireless microphones are in use.", "Auto mixers may be connected directly to wired mics and wireless mic receivers or may be connected to the channel direct output or send jacks of a mixing console.", "Integration of an auto mixer with manual mixing console permits more precise input gain control, absolute mic muting, low cut filter, equalization and individual mic channel foldback control.", "Frank J. Clement and Bell Labs received a patent in 1969 for a multiple station conference telephone system that switched its output to the loudest input.", "The next year, Emil Torick and Richard G. Allen were granted a patent for an \"Automatic Gain Control System with Noise Variable Threshold\", an adaptive threshold circuit invention with its patent assignation going to Columbia Broadcasting System.", "Some systems using electro-mechanical switching in regard to microphone activation were engineered in the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Peter W. Tappan and Robert F. Ancha devised a system of seat sensors that would activate one of 350 hidden microphones at the Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist in Chicago in 1970.", "From approximately 1968, Ken Patterson and Diversified Concepts developed a hardware system that could detect the \"Number of Open Microphones\" (NOM) and attenuate the master output by an amount which increased with a higher number of microphones in use.", "This latter system was public domain.", "In 1971, Gregory Maston of Bell Labs filed for a patent involving a circuit that could switch between several audio sources based on their levels.", "The loudest one was latched into the mix.", "This system did not ramp switched signals smoothly in and out and did not maintain a constant ambience.", "It was intended for speakerphone conferencing applications.", "In 1972, Keith A. T. Knox with the British Post Office Corporation developed an adaptive threshold gate circuit intended for speakerphone usage.", "The system used a second microphone somewhat near the first to sense ambient noise level.", "Dan Dugan showed his first \"Adaptive Threshold Automatic Microphone Mixing System\" in 1974 at the 49th Audio Engineering Society (AES) meeting in New York, and was granted a patent for a control apparatus for sound reinforcement systems which sensed ambient sound level in the environment of a theater to control each microphone's individual level.", "In 1976, Dugan was granted a patent for an automatic microphone mixing process whereby the total gain of the system remains constant.", "He began manufacturing his first automixer system, the Model A, based on his two patents.", "Dugan built 60 units, with the first, hand-assembled one taken to Bell Labs to be installed in their conference room for Harvey Fletcher.", "The algorithm was simple and effective: \"Each individual input channel is attenuated by an amount, in dB, equal to the difference, in dB, between that channel's level and the sum of all channel levels.\"", "Dugan licensed the system to Altec which released several automixer models including the 1674A, -B and -C series and the 1684A, all focusing on speech applications.", "(The 1684A became an Electrovoice product and is currently administered by their Commercial division.)", "The earliest Altec product implementation was regarded as inferior within the commercial audio contractor industry, and other manufacturers began to design their own automixer products.", "In 1978, Richard W. Peters of Industrial Research Products (IRP) was granted an improvement patent entitled \"Priority mixer control\".", "IRP released the Voice-Matic series of 4 × 1 and 8 × 1 automatic mixers using \"Dynamic Threshold Sensing\" that weighed a combination of the amplitude and history of the signal to determine channel access.", "The master output was attenuated at the rate of 3 dB for every doubling of NOM.", "This master output reduction was the solution used by Yamaha Pro Audio two decades later in their DME series of digital signal processing (DSP) products, incorporating an automixer function which was otherwise an 8- or 16-channel noise gate.", "Eugene Campbell and Terrance Whittemore of Colorado were granted a patent in 1982 for an automatic microphone mixing algorithm that allowed for musical performance mixing that would not be dominated by the loudest vocalist or instrumentalist.", "Stephen D. Julstrom of Shure Brothers, Inc. (Evanston, Illinois) was granted a patent in 1987 for a teleconferencing system that used special directionally gated microphones mixed automatically and sent to a distant party via telephone line.", "The return signal from the distant party was compared in strength to the local mix to determine which party was to be most prominent in the overall mix.", "Any interrupting party was given priority.", "Four years later, Shure would introduce the AMS4000 and AMS8000 automixers for sound reinforcement; mixers which required the use of special directional condenser microphones of the Shure AMS Series.", "In 1985 Innovative Electronic Designs (IED) introduced the circuit card frame-based auto mic mixing system featuring combine-separate function and programmable gain control (PGC) modules.", "Combine-separate functionality is useful for ballroom applications with movable partitions that permit portions or all of a room to be used for one program or multiple programs.", "PGC modules compensate individual mic channel gain for soft-spoken or loud presenters, by slightly boosting or cutting channel gain, respectively.", "At the 87th AES Convention in 1989, Dugan introduced the idea of using an automixer inserted within target channels on a professional audio mixer.", "Each microphone's signal would be interrupted inside its channel strip and sent to a variable gain circuit contained within the automixer.", "The signal would then be returned to the mixer at a level consistent with the Dugan algorithm.", "This became the Dugan Model D automixer.", "In 1991, Dugan's patent expired.", "Competing manufacturers began to bring the Dugan algorithm directly to their product designs.", "In 1993, Travis M. Sims, Jr. of Lectrosonics (Rio Rancho, New Mexico) was granted a patent for a sound system with rate controlled, variable attenuation of microphone inputs, including the Dugan algorithm as well as loudspeaker zone attenuation when in close proximity to an active microphone.", "The loudspeaker zone part of the patent cited a 1985 patent for proportional amplification by Eugene R. Griffith, Jr. of LVW Systems of Colorado Springs, a commercial audio contractor.", "In 1995, Sims and Lectrosonics gained another patent for an \"Adaptive proportional gain audio mixing system\" which incorporated a number of ideas including the Dugan algorithm for maintaining a constant total gain of all the inputs.", "In 1996, Dugan came out with the Model D-1, a speech-only economy model that did not offer the music system of the Model D.\nIn 1997, John H. Roberts of Peavey Electronics was granted a patent for an automatic mixer priority circuit, enabling a hierarchy of logic weighting that allowed selected signals to push forward in the mix when they are in use, while still maintaining the useful constant unity, gain-sharing relationship first described by Dugan.", "The hierarchy enabled a host, moderator or chairperson to speak over other participants and retain control of the discussion.", "Peavey's Architectural Acoustics division used three levels of hierarchy in their 1998 \"Automix 2\" product, placing the first- and second-most influentially weighted sources at inputs 1 and 2, respectively.", "Dan Dugan licensed his system to Protech Audio (Indian Lake, New York) in 1997, yielding the Protech 2000 model series.", "In 2004, the first standard audio mixer incorporating an eight-channel automixer section was released by Peavey in their Sanctuary Series, and in 2006 the similar HP-W was introduced by Crest.", "Both mixers were aimed at the House of Worship market, adding functions that ease the process of audio mixing to religious organizations.", "In 2007, Mark W. Gilbert and Gregory H. Canfield of Shure (Niles, Illinois) were granted a patent for a digital microphone automixer system that used time of arrival as its main decision-making criteria.", "In February 2011, Dugan announced an automixer card to plug in the accessory slot of a Yamaha digital mixing console such as the LS-9, M7CL or PM-5D. This card, the Dugan-MY16, can mix 16 channels of microphone inputs at 44.1–48 kHz or 8 channels at 88.2–96 kHz sampling rates.", "Channels to be automixed are assigned in the mixer's graphic user interface, and can then be controlled by a common web browser interface affecting only the Dugan-MY16 card, allowing remote control with an iPad, touchscreen computer or laptop over wireless network." ]

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[ "An automixer, or automatic microphone mixer, is a live sound mixing device that automatically reduces the strength of a microphone's audio signal when it is not being used." ]

[ "The Cumberland River, which enters Tennessee from the mountains of Kentucky to the northeast, flows westward across Sumner County en route to the Nashville area.", "Old Hickory Lake, created in 1954 by the completion of Old Hickory Dam and Lock near Hendersonville, spans a section of the river between the dam and Cordell Hull Dam near Carthage.", "Approximately upstream from Old Hickory Dam, the Cumberland River absorbs Bledsoe Creek, which flows southward from its source on the northern Highland Rim, forming an embayment that spans the lower of the creek.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park spans most of the northwest shore of this embayment.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park is situated just off Tennessee State Route 25 (Hartsville Pike), roughly halfway between Gallatin and Hartsville, and northeast of Nashville.", "The park is located entirely in Sumner County.", "The park is managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, which leases the land from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park is located in the Central Basin physiographic region.", "The park's terrain consists of low hills that give way to a flat shoreline.", "Approximately 68% of the park is forested and 12% is aquatic, with the remainder being open fields or developed land.", "Fauna include whitetail deer, wild turkey, beaver, bobcat, fox, and muskrat.", "Bald eagles and golden eagles are occasionally spotted in winter.", "Native Americans have been hunting and camping in the Sumner County area for over 12,000 years.", "Artifacts dating to the Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods have been found in the park's vicinity, and a substantial Mississippian-period (c. 1000-1500 A.D.) village was located at nearby Castalian Springs.", "The Sumner region was probably part of Shawnee territory throughout the 17th century, although they had been expelled by the Cherokee and Chickasaw by around 1700.", "The first major Euro-American expeditions into Sumner County were led by long hunters, so called because the relatively long duration of their hunting expeditions.", "Long hunter Henry Scaggs was hunting along the Cumberland as early as 1765, and James Smith led the first major long hunting expedition into the Cumberland region in 1766.", "Between 1769 and 1772, a large group of long hunters were active in the Upper Cumberland region, among them Kasper Mansker and Isaac Bledsoe (c. 1735–1794).", "At one point the expedition established a base camp along Station Camp Creek (giving the creek its name) a few miles west of modern Gallatin.", "In 1772, Bledsoe discovered the creek and salt lick that now bear his name (the lick was near modern Castalian Springs).", "In the early 1780s, at the end of the American Revolution, Bledsoe returned to the salt lick and built Bledsoe's Station, one of a series of small forts erected to protect early Washington District (Middle Tennessee) settlers from hostile Native Americans.", "Hostility between Native Americans and Euro-American settlers increased throughout the 1780s as Euro-American settlers flooded into the Middle Tennessee region.", "Colonel Anthony Bledsoe (1739–1788), an older brother of Isaac, reported to the governor of North Carolina that 14 settlers had been killed in 1786 alone.", "Anthony Bledsoe himself was killed in an ambush at Bledsoe's Station the following year.", "In 1791, Jacob Ziegler built Ziegler's Fort near what is now Bledsoe Creek State Park.", "The fort was overrun within a few months, however, after a day-long attack that killed Ziegler and several others.", "The threat of Native American attacks finally subsided in 1794 with the end of the Cherokee–American wars.", "After the State of Tennessee was created in 1796, the state's legislature passed a resolution calling for the creation of a county seat for Sumner County.", "The new city was to be named \"Ca Ira\" after a song made popular by the French Revolution.", "Bickering among the county commissioners delayed the establishment of the city for several years, and they eventually decided to place the seat in Gallatin.", "In 1799, General James Winchester (1752–1826) and William Cage, Jr. purchased immediately south of Ziegler's Fort at the confluence of Bledsoe's Creek and the Cumberland River for the establishment of a town.", "The new town's name, \"Cairo\", was either a corruption of Ca Ira— the name chosen for the county seat— or was selected by Winchester, a fan of ancient history (Winchester was later instrumental in the establishment of Memphis, also named after an Egyptian city).", "Cairo quickly became one of the key river trading hubs in the Upper Cumberland region.", "Winchester and Cage established a mercantile business and a successful flatboat trade between Cairo and New Orleans.", "By 1812, the city had its own cotton mill, woolen mill, saw mill, gristmill, still house, and tavern.", "The death of Winchester in 1826 and the improvement and shift of the main road between Knoxville and Nashville away from Sumner, however, led to Cairo's eventual decline.", "In 1923, the Cairo community took advantage of Rosenwald Funds to establish a school for African-American children, which operated until 1959.", "The Cairo Rosenwald School, located just north of Bledsoe Creek State Park, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park maintains a 77-site campground, two boat ramps, a wedding venue and two picnic shelters along with several playground areas.", "Located on the backwaters of Old Hickory Lake this destination is popular for recreational fishing and paddling.", "The park also has a designated wildlife observation deck in the day use picnic area on Raccoon Creek Lane.", "Various environmental, historical and recreational programs are offered at the outdoor classroom and other facilities within the park.", "Over of hiking trails meander through the forest and along the lakeshore of the park.", "The Shoreline Trail is long, mostly following the park's lakeshore and wildlife observation area.", "The High Ridge Trail is long and follows the ridgecrest near the park's northern boundary.", "The Shoreline and High Ridge trails form a loop of nearly .", "The Owl Ridge Trail is and is a shortcut that connects the High Ridge Trail to Main Park Road.", "The Mayo Wix Trail is paved trail that winds through the woods near the visitor center.", "The Birdsong Trail is a paved trail that joins the Mayo Wix Trail to the public boat launch.", "The Woodchuck Hollow Trail is and runs through the group camp area and connects Main Park Road to the end of Woodchuck Hollow Road.", "The History Trail begins across from Blue Heron Drive and runs parallel to Main Park Road with a permanent recreation long hunter encampment and trade cabin display.", "Park officials and volunteers continuously work to catalogue the various plant and animal species found within the park.", "Funds from Tennessee's Iris License Plate project have helped with the installation of a pollinator garden at the Visitor Center." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ]

[ "Bledsoe Creek State Park is a state park in Sumner County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States.", "The park consists of managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation.", "The park spans much of the west shore of the Bledsoe Creek embayment of Old Hickory Lake, an impoundment of the Cumberland River created with the completion of Old Hickory Dam by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1954.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park was developed as a recreational area by the Corps as part of its Old Hickory Dam project, and was designated a state park by the state of Tennessee in 1973." ]

[ "The Cumberland River, which enters Tennessee from the mountains of Kentucky to the northeast, flows westward across Sumner County en route to the Nashville area.", "Old Hickory Lake, created in 1954 by the completion of Old Hickory Dam and Lock near Hendersonville, spans a section of the river between the dam and Cordell Hull Dam near Carthage.", "Approximately upstream from Old Hickory Dam, the Cumberland River absorbs Bledsoe Creek, which flows southward from its source on the northern Highland Rim, forming an embayment that spans the lower of the creek.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park spans most of the northwest shore of this embayment.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park is situated just off Tennessee State Route 25 (Hartsville Pike), roughly halfway between Gallatin and Hartsville, and northeast of Nashville.", "The park is located entirely in Sumner County.", "The park is managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, which leases the land from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park is located in the Central Basin physiographic region.", "The park's terrain consists of low hills that give way to a flat shoreline.", "Approximately 68% of the park is forested and 12% is aquatic, with the remainder being open fields or developed land.", "Fauna include whitetail deer, wild turkey, beaver, bobcat, fox, and muskrat.", "Bald eagles and golden eagles are occasionally spotted in winter.", "Native Americans have been hunting and camping in the Sumner County area for over 12,000 years.", "Artifacts dating to the Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods have been found in the park's vicinity, and a substantial Mississippian-period (c. 1000-1500 A.D.) village was located at nearby Castalian Springs.", "The Sumner region was probably part of Shawnee territory throughout the 17th century, although they had been expelled by the Cherokee and Chickasaw by around 1700.", "The first major Euro-American expeditions into Sumner County were led by long hunters, so called because the relatively long duration of their hunting expeditions.", "Long hunter Henry Scaggs was hunting along the Cumberland as early as 1765, and James Smith led the first major long hunting expedition into the Cumberland region in 1766.", "Between 1769 and 1772, a large group of long hunters were active in the Upper Cumberland region, among them Kasper Mansker and Isaac Bledsoe (c. 1735–1794).", "At one point the expedition established a base camp along Station Camp Creek (giving the creek its name) a few miles west of modern Gallatin.", "In 1772, Bledsoe discovered the creek and salt lick that now bear his name (the lick was near modern Castalian Springs).", "In the early 1780s, at the end of the American Revolution, Bledsoe returned to the salt lick and built Bledsoe's Station, one of a series of small forts erected to protect early Washington District (Middle Tennessee) settlers from hostile Native Americans.", "Hostility between Native Americans and Euro-American settlers increased throughout the 1780s as Euro-American settlers flooded into the Middle Tennessee region.", "Colonel Anthony Bledsoe (1739–1788), an older brother of Isaac, reported to the governor of North Carolina that 14 settlers had been killed in 1786 alone.", "Anthony Bledsoe himself was killed in an ambush at Bledsoe's Station the following year.", "In 1791, Jacob Ziegler built Ziegler's Fort near what is now Bledsoe Creek State Park.", "The fort was overrun within a few months, however, after a day-long attack that killed Ziegler and several others.", "The threat of Native American attacks finally subsided in 1794 with the end of the Cherokee–American wars.", "After the State of Tennessee was created in 1796, the state's legislature passed a resolution calling for the creation of a county seat for Sumner County.", "The new city was to be named \"Ca Ira\" after a song made popular by the French Revolution.", "Bickering among the county commissioners delayed the establishment of the city for several years, and they eventually decided to place the seat in Gallatin.", "In 1799, General James Winchester (1752–1826) and William Cage, Jr. purchased immediately south of Ziegler's Fort at the confluence of Bledsoe's Creek and the Cumberland River for the establishment of a town.", "The new town's name, \"Cairo\", was either a corruption of Ca Ira— the name chosen for the county seat— or was selected by Winchester, a fan of ancient history (Winchester was later instrumental in the establishment of Memphis, also named after an Egyptian city).", "Cairo quickly became one of the key river trading hubs in the Upper Cumberland region.", "Winchester and Cage established a mercantile business and a successful flatboat trade between Cairo and New Orleans.", "By 1812, the city had its own cotton mill, woolen mill, saw mill, gristmill, still house, and tavern.", "The death of Winchester in 1826 and the improvement and shift of the main road between Knoxville and Nashville away from Sumner, however, led to Cairo's eventual decline.", "In 1923, the Cairo community took advantage of Rosenwald Funds to establish a school for African-American children, which operated until 1959.", "The Cairo Rosenwald School, located just north of Bledsoe Creek State Park, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park maintains a 77-site campground, two boat ramps, a wedding venue and two picnic shelters along with several playground areas.", "Located on the backwaters of Old Hickory Lake this destination is popular for recreational fishing and paddling.", "The park also has a designated wildlife observation deck in the day use picnic area on Raccoon Creek Lane.", "Various environmental, historical and recreational programs are offered at the outdoor classroom and other facilities within the park.", "Over of hiking trails meander through the forest and along the lakeshore of the park.", "The Shoreline Trail is long, mostly following the park's lakeshore and wildlife observation area.", "The High Ridge Trail is long and follows the ridgecrest near the park's northern boundary.", "The Shoreline and High Ridge trails form a loop of nearly .", "The Owl Ridge Trail is and is a shortcut that connects the High Ridge Trail to Main Park Road.", "The Mayo Wix Trail is paved trail that winds through the woods near the visitor center.", "The Birdsong Trail is a paved trail that joins the Mayo Wix Trail to the public boat launch.", "The Woodchuck Hollow Trail is and runs through the group camp area and connects Main Park Road to the end of Woodchuck Hollow Road.", "The History Trail begins across from Blue Heron Drive and runs parallel to Main Park Road with a permanent recreation long hunter encampment and trade cabin display.", "Park officials and volunteers continuously work to catalogue the various plant and animal species found within the park.", "Funds from Tennessee's Iris License Plate project have helped with the installation of a pollinator garden at the Visitor Center." ]

[ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 ]

[ "The park is located within a radius of the Wynnewood and Cragfont state historic sites, Bledsoe's Fort Historic Park, a Mississippian-period mound complex, and the Cairo Rosenwald School, all of which attest to the area's pre-historic and historic importance to the Upper Cumberland region." ]

[ "The Cumberland River, which enters Tennessee from the mountains of Kentucky to the northeast, flows westward across Sumner County en route to the Nashville area.", "Old Hickory Lake, created in 1954 by the completion of Old Hickory Dam and Lock near Hendersonville, spans a section of the river between the dam and Cordell Hull Dam near Carthage.", "Approximately upstream from Old Hickory Dam, the Cumberland River absorbs Bledsoe Creek, which flows southward from its source on the northern Highland Rim, forming an embayment that spans the lower of the creek.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park spans most of the northwest shore of this embayment.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park is situated just off Tennessee State Route 25 (Hartsville Pike), roughly halfway between Gallatin and Hartsville, and northeast of Nashville.", "The park is located entirely in Sumner County.", "The park is managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, which leases the land from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park is located in the Central Basin physiographic region.", "The park's terrain consists of low hills that give way to a flat shoreline.", "Approximately 68% of the park is forested and 12% is aquatic, with the remainder being open fields or developed land.", "Fauna include whitetail deer, wild turkey, beaver, bobcat, fox, and muskrat.", "Bald eagles and golden eagles are occasionally spotted in winter.", "Native Americans have been hunting and camping in the Sumner County area for over 12,000 years.", "Artifacts dating to the Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods have been found in the park's vicinity, and a substantial Mississippian-period (c. 1000-1500 A.D.) village was located at nearby Castalian Springs.", "The Sumner region was probably part of Shawnee territory throughout the 17th century, although they had been expelled by the Cherokee and Chickasaw by around 1700.", "The first major Euro-American expeditions into Sumner County were led by long hunters, so called because the relatively long duration of their hunting expeditions.", "Long hunter Henry Scaggs was hunting along the Cumberland as early as 1765, and James Smith led the first major long hunting expedition into the Cumberland region in 1766.", "Between 1769 and 1772, a large group of long hunters were active in the Upper Cumberland region, among them Kasper Mansker and Isaac Bledsoe (c. 1735–1794).", "At one point the expedition established a base camp along Station Camp Creek (giving the creek its name) a few miles west of modern Gallatin.", "In 1772, Bledsoe discovered the creek and salt lick that now bear his name (the lick was near modern Castalian Springs).", "In the early 1780s, at the end of the American Revolution, Bledsoe returned to the salt lick and built Bledsoe's Station, one of a series of small forts erected to protect early Washington District (Middle Tennessee) settlers from hostile Native Americans.", "Hostility between Native Americans and Euro-American settlers increased throughout the 1780s as Euro-American settlers flooded into the Middle Tennessee region.", "Colonel Anthony Bledsoe (1739–1788), an older brother of Isaac, reported to the governor of North Carolina that 14 settlers had been killed in 1786 alone.", "Anthony Bledsoe himself was killed in an ambush at Bledsoe's Station the following year.", "In 1791, Jacob Ziegler built Ziegler's Fort near what is now Bledsoe Creek State Park.", "The fort was overrun within a few months, however, after a day-long attack that killed Ziegler and several others.", "The threat of Native American attacks finally subsided in 1794 with the end of the Cherokee–American wars.", "After the State of Tennessee was created in 1796, the state's legislature passed a resolution calling for the creation of a county seat for Sumner County.", "The new city was to be named \"Ca Ira\" after a song made popular by the French Revolution.", "Bickering among the county commissioners delayed the establishment of the city for several years, and they eventually decided to place the seat in Gallatin.", "In 1799, General James Winchester (1752–1826) and William Cage, Jr. purchased immediately south of Ziegler's Fort at the confluence of Bledsoe's Creek and the Cumberland River for the establishment of a town.", "The new town's name, \"Cairo\", was either a corruption of Ca Ira— the name chosen for the county seat— or was selected by Winchester, a fan of ancient history (Winchester was later instrumental in the establishment of Memphis, also named after an Egyptian city).", "Cairo quickly became one of the key river trading hubs in the Upper Cumberland region.", "Winchester and Cage established a mercantile business and a successful flatboat trade between Cairo and New Orleans.", "By 1812, the city had its own cotton mill, woolen mill, saw mill, gristmill, still house, and tavern.", "The death of Winchester in 1826 and the improvement and shift of the main road between Knoxville and Nashville away from Sumner, however, led to Cairo's eventual decline.", "In 1923, the Cairo community took advantage of Rosenwald Funds to establish a school for African-American children, which operated until 1959.", "The Cairo Rosenwald School, located just north of Bledsoe Creek State Park, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.", "Bledsoe Creek State Park maintains a 77-site campground, two boat ramps, a wedding venue and two picnic shelters along with several playground areas.", "Located on the backwaters of Old Hickory Lake this destination is popular for recreational fishing and paddling.", "The park also has a designated wildlife observation deck in the day use picnic area on Raccoon Creek Lane.", "Various environmental, historical and recreational programs are offered at the outdoor classroom and other facilities within the park.", "Over of hiking trails meander through the forest and along the lakeshore of the park.", "The Shoreline Trail is long, mostly following the park's lakeshore and wildlife observation area.", "The High Ridge Trail is long and follows the ridgecrest near the park's northern boundary.", "The Shoreline and High Ridge trails form a loop of nearly .", "The Owl Ridge Trail is and is a shortcut that connects the High Ridge Trail to Main Park Road.", "The Mayo Wix Trail is paved trail that winds through the woods near the visitor center.", "The Birdsong Trail is a paved trail that joins the Mayo Wix Trail to the public boat launch.", "The Woodchuck Hollow Trail is and runs through the group camp area and connects Main Park Road to the end of Woodchuck Hollow Road.", "The History Trail begins across from Blue Heron Drive and runs parallel to Main Park Road with a permanent recreation long hunter encampment and trade cabin display.", "Park officials and volunteers continuously work to catalogue the various plant and animal species found within the park.", "Funds from Tennessee's Iris License Plate project have helped with the installation of a pollinator garden at the Visitor Center." ]

[ 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52 ]

[ "Bledsoe Creek State Park was developed as a recreational area by the Corps as part of its Old Hickory Dam project, and was designated a state park by the state of Tennessee in 1973.", "The park is primarily a campground and recreational boating and fishing area, although the park has developed several miles of hiking trails and provides environmental programs throughout the year." ]

[ "De Brouwer, born in Aalst, Belgium, is now an American citizen.", "He earned a Master's degree in linguistics from the University of Ghent and a PhD in Semiotics from Tilburg University.", "He was a fellow of the Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning at Judge Business School at the University of Cambridge from 2004 until 2010.", "He was a lecturer at the University of Antwerp (UFSIA) and faculty professor at the University of Monaco.", "He is an adjunct professor at Stanford University Medical school (the Clinical Excellence Research Center).", "He was on the editorial advisory board of the Journal for Chinese Entrepreneurship.", "De Brouwer is a member of the American Mathematical Society.", "Former member of the Tau Zero Foundation (until 2013).", "He is now co-chairing the IEEE committee on Decentralized Clinical Trials.", "and a member of the board of Linux Foundation Public Health together with IBM, CISCO, Tencent, VMWare", "De Brouwer set up Riverland Publications in 1990 to publish personal computer magazines.", "In 1994, he sold his titles to VNU.", "He then published the cyberpunk magazine \"Wave\", edited by Michel Bauwens and designed by Niels Shoe Meulman.", "\"Wave\" was a cult Belgian avant garde magazine.", "In 1996, De Brouwer was one of the founders of PING, EUnet.", "In 1999, it was sold to Qwest Communications and is now part of CenturyLink.", "His employment site, Jobscape In 2008, De Brouwer set up OLPC Europe, the European branch of One Laptop per Child.", "In 1996, De Brouwer founded Starlab together with MIT Media Lab founder Nicholas Negroponte and coordinated its research activities under the acronym BANG (Bits, Atoms, Neurons and Genes), a system later adopted by MIT in 2002.", "De Brouwer is co-founder and former CEO of Scanadu, a company located at the NASA Ames Research Park in California.", "and Scanaflo, an at-home, full-panel urinalysis testing device designed to give consumers immediate information about their liver health, urinary tract infections, and other vitals.", "Scanadu was taken over by healthy.io (in 2020)", "De Brouwer stepped down from CEO of Scanadu in April 2016 and became the CEO and co-founder of doc.ai., a Silicon Valley-based company accelerating digital transformation in healthcare using edge computing and privacy-preserving infrastructure with the goal of unlocking the value of health data.", "The company licenses AI modules and creates products for a portfolio of clients, including payers, pharma, and providers.", "He became the Chief Science Officer of Doc.ai and Sam Lounis, his spouse, became CEO.", "Doc.ai was featured in Forbes when the company received a $100m contract from Anthem, the second-largest insurer in USA.", "; a Silicon Valley-based company accelerating digital transformation in healthcare using edge computing and privacy-preserving infrastructure with the goal of unlocking the value of health data.", "The company licenses AI modules and creates products for a portfolio of clients, including payers, pharma, and providers.", "In 2021 doc.ai was selected by Fierce Healthcare as one of the Fierce.", "Walter is now the CEO of the Harvard-spinoff XY.ai which has built the global pandemic satellite system\n and is using machine intelligence to map health all over the planet.", "In March 2022, de Brouwer co-founded Snowcrash, with backing from Sony Music and Universal Music Group, a platform for trading NFTs from musicians, with initial offerings from Bob Dylan and Miles Davis.", "De Brouwer’s co-founders at Snowcrash are Jesse Dylan, a son of Bob Dylan, and Jeff Rosen.", "De Brouwer is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and served as President of RSA Europe from 2006 to 2008.", "He is a member of TED.", "He was a distinguished lecturer at the National Science Foundation in 2013.", "De Brouwer's articles have been published by VentureBeat, The Huffington Post, Techonomy, and others.", "His article, “How the People Are Taking Over the World,” was among Techonomy's Most-Read Articles of 2014 and was cited by its editors as “perhaps the most philosophical of Techonomy’s top articles” that year.", "De Brouwer held 13 European utility patents and 11 design patents that were sold to Philips in 2001 and are now expired.", "He was awarded 7 active patents and submitted another 22 provisional patents in the USA and 2 in China and Japan." ]

[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ]

[ "He is CEO of XY.ai and cofounder and former CEO of doc.ai and of Scanadu in Mountain View, California." ]

[ "Jules and Yvette D'Alembert are a brother and sister team of aerialists in the D'Alembert family Circus of the Empire.", "But they are also legendary agents \"Wombat\" and \"Periwinkle\" in SOTE, \"The Service of The Empire\", the imperial intelligence agency, sent to investigate the disappearance of a planetary economist and his wife on a moon devoted to recreation: seemingly a vacationers' paradise...", "The plot is based in part on Thuggee." ]

[ 0, 1, 2 ]

[ "This is the second in a series of ten Family D'Alembert novels." ]

[ "Genera and species within the family Melanodrymiidae include:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "\"Housing Affairs Letter\" was the first newsletter produced by CD Publications upon its founding in 1961.", "It began publication four years before the creation of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and a significant percentage of its coverage since then has focused on HUD.", "Over the years, \"HAL\" articles have been reprinted, referenced, quoted or mentioned in numerous periodicals and journals, including \"The Washington Post\", the \"National Review\", \"The Journal of Housing\", and the \"Journal of Urban Law\".", "\"HAL\" has been mentioned in or used as a reference for many books, including:\n\n\n\n\n\nAdditionally, HAL has appeared in Congressional reports, in documents of city planning and development committees, and in multiple publications of such housing organizations as the Fannie Mae Foundation.", "In 2007, \"HAL\" appeared as \"suggested additional reading\" on Dr. Sammis B. White's syllabus for a class entitled \"Housing Markets and Public Policy.\"", "It was mentioned alongside such respected national publications as \"Fortune\", \"Forbes\" and the \"Wall Street Journal\".", "\"HAL\" reports on the full housing industry, with emphases on HUD, Fannie Mae, Federal Reserve Board activities, Congressional legislation and Fair Housing.", "In 2007, \"HAL\" was changed to a web-based format and, along with CD Publications' other housing news services, was moved onto the web portal HousingandDevelopment.com." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "Housing Affairs Letter is a news service (or newsletter) produced in Silver Spring, MD by CD Publications that covers the public, private and subsidized housing industries." ]

[ "Genera within the family Anatomidae include:\n\nGenera brought into synonymy:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "The head of the animal is proboscidiform.", "The epipodial line has a pair of conical lobes and three pairs of cirri.", "The white shell has a turbiniform or discoidal shape.", "It shows longitudinal ribs or is clathrate.", "The shell shows a fine lamellar sculpture.", "The circular aperture is feebly nacreous.", "The thick peristome is continuous and shows a callous varix.", "The multispiral operculum is hispid, corneous and has a soft, calcareous outer layer (intritacalx) formed of pearly beads that are disposed spirally.", "The family Liotiidae belongs to the superfamily Turbinoidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).", "This family consists of the three following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):", "Liotiidae was moved to the redefined superfamily Trochoidea according to Williams et al. (2008).", "Genera in this family include:\nsubfamily Liotiinae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nsubfamily † Brochidiinae\nsubfamily † Dichostasiinae\nGenera brought into synonymy:" ]

[ 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "Liotiidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)." ]

[ "The head of the animal is proboscidiform.", "The epipodial line has a pair of conical lobes and three pairs of cirri.", "The white shell has a turbiniform or discoidal shape.", "It shows longitudinal ribs or is clathrate.", "The shell shows a fine lamellar sculpture.", "The circular aperture is feebly nacreous.", "The thick peristome is continuous and shows a callous varix.", "The multispiral operculum is hispid, corneous and has a soft, calcareous outer layer (intritacalx) formed of pearly beads that are disposed spirally.", "The family Liotiidae belongs to the superfamily Turbinoidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).", "This family consists of the three following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):", "Liotiidae was moved to the redefined superfamily Trochoidea according to Williams et al. (2008).", "Genera in this family include:\nsubfamily Liotiinae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nsubfamily † Brochidiinae\nsubfamily † Dichostasiinae\nGenera brought into synonymy:" ]

[ 8, 9 ]

[ "Liotiidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)." ]

[ "Marmor was born in London on May 2, 1910.", "In 1912, he emigrated with his family moved to Chicago, Illinois.", "Marmor attended Columbia University for his undergraduate and medical degrees, graduating with a Bachelor's of Arts in 1930 and a Doctor of Medicine in 1933.", "Marmor also studied at the New York Psychoanalytic Institute.", "Marmor moved to Los Angeles in 1946, after serving in the Navy during World War II.", "In the early 1960s, Marmor supported the then-controversial opinion that homosexuality was a type of sexual behavior, not a deviation or disorder.", "He also opposed the prevailing opinion that homosexuality was caused from a dysfunctional upbringing.", "Marmor's stance on homosexuality was particularly influential because Marmor was a widely respected and mainstream psychoanalyst; not a peripheral figure like most others speaking to the issue.", "In the mid-1960s, Marmor and Evelyn Hooker began collaborating on depathologizing homosexuality.", "Hooker contributed a chapter to Marmor's 1965 book \"Sexual Inversion: The Multiple Roots of Homosexuality\" and recruited him for a task force on homosexuality sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health.", "Marmor continued to support his position that homosexuality did not meet the criteria applied for a mental illness while serving as the vice president of the American Psychiatric Association.", "In 1974, the members of the American Psychiatric Association voted to remove homosexuality from the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\", a move that was critical in the advancement of gay rights.", "Later that year, Marmor was elected president of the American Psychiatric Association.", "Marmor also influenced the movement in psychiatry away from pure psychoanalysis and towards shorter-term psychotherapy.", "Marmor operated a private psychiatry practice in Los Angeles, where he was popular among the Hollywood elite.", "He continued to practice until his death in 2003.", "Marmor served as director of psychiatry at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center from 1965 to 1972.", "He was the Franz Alexander Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Southern California from 1972 to 1980, and an adjunct professor of psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1980 to 1985.", "In addition to serving as president of the American Psychiatric Association, Marmor was also at times president of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, and the Southern California Psychoanalytic Society and Institute.", "Marmor was a prolific author, writing over 350 scientific papers and writing or editing eight books.", "He was also an essayist who wrote on topics including civil rights and politics, publishing essays opposing McCarthyism, the nuclear bomb, and the Vietnam War.", "Marmor was married to Katherine Marmor until her death in 1999.", "They had one son, Michael.", "Marmor died on December 16, 2003." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 ]

[ "Judd Marmor (May 2, 1910 – December 16, 2003) was an American psychoanalyst and psychiatrist known for his role in removing homosexuality from the American Psychiatric Association's \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\"." ]

[ "Rubik's Brain Racker is a puzzle that allows for numerous solutions, some given on the back of the packaging.", "The puzzle is a number of triangles on tracks on a plastic ball.", "They all have a number (1-5) and a color (red, yellow, blue, and green.", "To begin playing and solving the puzzle, the user grasps the metal ring on the puzzle and rotates it, allowing the red 1 triangle to pop out of the puzzle and letting the user move the other pieces around.", "Some examples of goals for the puzzle are to get two colors of triangles into straight lines while having the other two colors in the shape (roughly) in a circle.", "Another example is to position the triangles into a mosaic in such a way that no elements of the same color are touching.", "Some variations on these goals require the numbers to be in the correct order, or to not repeat the same number in each of the 12 overlapping, roughly circular panels of five pieces" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "Rubik's Brain Racker is a single-player puzzle in the Rubik's line.", "The puzzle comes with numerous goals to work on and achieve." ]

[ "The station opened in 1987 as a suburban complement to the main Amersfoort railway station.", "The station serves the suburban areas of Schothorst, Zielhorst, Liendert and Rustenburg and the industrial area of De Hoef.", "The station used to be the terminus for trains originating from the wide Amsterdam region, such as Hoofddorp, Alkmaar and Amsterdam Centraal; a third track was constructed enabling these services in 1997.", "When a second suburban station, Amersfoort Vathorst opened to the north of Schothorst in May 2006, regional services (Sprinters) terminating in Vathorst.", "The spare third track has been used, as of December 2007, as the terminus for Intercity trains originating from Rotterdam Centraal.", ", the following train services call at this station:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "It is located in north Amersfoort, Netherlands." ]

[ "Genera within the family Murchisoniidae include:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "#\"Joan of Arc\" - 64:31", "\"Joan of Arc\" is something of a stylistic departure for Conrad, who is best known for his work with minimalist violin, exemplified by his most famous album \"Outside the Dream Syndicate\".", "\"Joan of Arc\" instead showcases Conrad's improvisational technique on the pump organ.", "The album is one of a series of lost-and-found minimalist recordings released by the independent label Table of the Elements.", "Conrad originally recorded the piece in 1968 for the soundtrack to Piero Heliczar's 11 minute short film \"Joan of Arc\".", "However, he was not aware of the length of the film, so he played continuously for the length of an entire reel-to-reel tape in the hope that it would be enough for Heliczar." ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

[ "Joan of Arc is a 2006 album by minimalist composer Tony Conrad.", "The piece, which lasts unbroken for over an hour, was originally written by Conrad as a soundtrack to accompany Piero Heliczer's short film of the same name." ]

[ "Hapoel were promoted to Liga Alef (then the top division) in 1953.", "In their first season at the top level they finished last, with only four wins in 22 matches.", "However, they were not relegated as the top flight was expanded to 14 clubs with the establishment of Liga Leumit in 1954.", "The 1954–55 season saw the club again finish last.", "They conceded 129 goals, still a league record, and twice lost by more than 10 goals (2–13 to Hapoel Petah Tikva and 0–12 at Maccabi Tel Aviv).", "At the end of the season they were relegated to Liga Alef, and in the following season, they suffered subsequent relegation to Liga Bet.", "in 1956–57 they won the North division of Liga Bet and made an immediate return to Liga Alef.", "Home matches of the club were played in Afula, as also, prior to their second season in the top flight, at the summer of 1954, the club merged with local football club, Hapoel Afula.", "In the Israel State Cup, the biggest achievement of the club was reaching the Quarter-finals in the 1956–57 season.", "after 5–2 victory over Hakoah Tel Aviv in the round of 16, Balfouria was defeated 1–4 by Maccabi Jaffa in the Quarter-finals.", "In the 1957–58 season, while playing in the second division, the club was officially known as Hapoel Afula, although they were mentioned by the press in both Hapoel Balfouria and Hapoel Afula names.", "The club continued to play as Hapoel Afula, and the name of Balfouria was dropped.", "In the 1963–64 season, there was an attempt to revive the club.", "However, that attempt was short-lived, as the re-established club existed for two seasons only, finishing second bottom and bottom respectively in Liga Gimel Valleys Division.", "Furthermore, up to the double season of 1966–68, another club consisting of former players, Hapoel Vatikei Balfouria (lit.", "\"Hapoel Balfouria Veterans\") operated in Balfouria.", "No football club operated in Balfouria ever since." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]

[ "Hapoel Balfouria () was an Israeli football club based in Balfouria.", "The club spent two seasons in the top division in the mid-1950s, finishing at the bottom on both occasions." ]

[ "St John's Lodge is the first villa to be built in Regent's Park in 1812 and was designed for Charles Augustus Tulk by architect John Raffield.", "The Royal Parks service described St John's Lodge and The Holme as the only two villas remaining from John Nash's original conception of Regent's Park, which would have included a royal palace.", "Other owners of the lodge have included Lord Wellesley, Sir Isaac Goldsmid, and John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute.", "The residence was occupied by the University of London's Institute of Archaeology from 1937 to 1959, and by the history and classics departments of Bedford College from 1959 to 1983.", "The adjoining gardens have been open to the public since 1928.", "St John's Lodge was bought in 1987 by the development company Messila House for 9 million who doubled it in size to before being sold in 1994 to the royal family of Brunei Darussalam for 40 million, making it the most expensive private house in the UK." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

[ "St John's Lodge is a Grade II* heritage-listed private residence located in Regent's Park, in the City of Westminster, London, England.", "Since 1994 it has been owned by the royal family of Brunei Darussalam and is the London home of Prince Jefri Bolkiah of Brunei." ]

[ "Laurie Green was born in Newham in the East End of London, the son of a bus driver and factory worker.", "As a young man he worked in a jellied-eel factory and then as a hairdresser.", "He was educated at East Ham Grammar School and King's College London (BD, AKC) and then at the New York Theological Seminary (STM, DMin).", "There he studied the dynamics of East Harlem gangs and attained his master's degree in psychology and pastoral studies.", "After further studies at St Augustine's College, Canterbury, he was ordained in 1970.", "He was a curacy at St Mark's Kingstanding, Birmingham, after which he was vicar of St Chad, Erdington, where he set up an ecumenical parish at Spaghetti Junction with local Methodists.", "During his time in Birmingham he initiated work in urban theology, worked with Hell's Angels and Skinheads and had his own BBC Radio programme, 'The Green Machine'.", "He also worked as Assistant Youth Officer for the diocese and as Industrial Chaplain to the British Steel Corporation (Bromford Tubes Division).", "At the same time he became an honorary lecturer at the Urban Theology Unit, Sheffield University; For seven years, he was the principal of the Aston Training Scheme for Anglican ordinands, before returning to East London to become, before his ordination to the episcopate, team rector of All Saints, Poplar.", "Poplar is situated in London’s East End, where his parish had the new financial quarter of Canary Wharf being built at one end, in close proximity to the tower-blocks of abject poverty at the other.", "In 1993, Green moved to Essex to become the Bishop of Bradwell, where he served for eighteen years before retiring to Bexhill in Sussex.", "He was consecrated a bishop on 23 February 1993, by George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey.", "Within the Diocese of Chelmsford, Green's Episcopal Area of Bradwell covered such towns as Basildon, Tilbury Docks, Southend, Maldon, Brentwood and Chelmsford as well as the deep rural areas of the Dengie peninsula where a stone chapel was built by St Cedd in 654 AD in Bradwell.", "Green then lived near to the River Thames, by the Dartford Tunnel & Bridge.", "He was a member of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Urban Theology Group, served on the Urban Bishops’ Panel of the Church of England and as chair of the Church of England's Urban Strategy Consultative Group.", "He was instrumental in the setting up of an International Anglican Commission and Network on Global Urbanisation.", "On 11 February 2017, Green was one of fourteen retired bishops to sign an open letter to the then-serving bishops of the Church of England.", "In an unprecedented move, they expressed their opposition to the House of Bishops' report to General Synod on sexuality, which recommended no change to the Church's canons or practices around sexuality.", "By 13 February, a serving bishop (Alan Wilson, Bishop of Buckingham) and nine further retired bishops had added their signatures; on 15 February, the report was rejected by synod.", "Green has written extensively on the nature of theology, international debt and urban mission.", "His \"Let’s Do Theology\" (revised in 2009) was described by Leonardo Boff{ as an authentic liberation theology for the English-speaking world, and by Elaine Graham as \"a classic text\".", "Another two of his books, \"Power to the Powerless\" and \"Urban Ministry and the Kingdom of God\", were named by the \"Church Times\" among its \"Books of the Year\", whilst others have been translated into many languages.", "In 2015 he published \"Blessed are the Poor?", "Urban Poverty and the Church\" which seeks to demonstrate that the incarnation of Christ amongst the poor suggests that it is amongst the poor that we will learn the lessons of God's kingdom.", "A jazz devotee, blues and classical guitar player and lover of folk music, Green continues to give public concerts and produce CDs.", "He is married with two children.", "Green remains founding-chair of the National Estate Churches Network (NECN) and in retirement, works alongside the Church Urban Fund as Chair and Development Officer for the NECN in the support of the church’s work on the poorer housing estates and projects of the UK.", "He also continues to work as a founding trustee of the charity Building Better Futures International.", "He is also the bishop visitor to the Anglican Benedictine community of religious sisters at Malling Abbey, Kent." ]

[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ]

[ "He was the Bishop of Bradwell from 1993 to 2011." ]

[ "# \"Walk, Don't Run\" (Johnny Smith, Dottie Faye) – 1:54\n# \"Ticket to Ride\" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 2:18\n# \"Steve's Shuck\" (Steven D. Kreisman) – 2:42\n# \"Spanish Shades\" (Glen Campbell) – 2:34\n# \"The Lone Arranger\" (Billy Strange) – 2:07\n# \"The James Bond Theme\" (Monty Norman) – 2:17\nSide 2 \n# \"It's Not Unusual\" (Gordon Mills, Les Reed) – 2:11\n# \"King of the Road\" (Roger Miller) – 2:12\n# \"Sassy\" (Bill Pitman, Billy Strange) – 2:08\n# \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" (Bob Dylan) – 2:46\n# \"Spring Mist\" (Glen Campbell) – 2:13\n# \"Beef Jerky\" (Steven D. Kreisman) – 2:35\nMusic", "Production" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Side 1" ]

[ "Howard Clement Hillegas was born in Pennsburg, Pennsylvania on December 30, 1872.", "Hillegas was the son of John Gery Hillegas and Catharine (Zeigler) Hillegas.", "He was a descendant of Michael Hillegas who was the first Treasurer of the United States.", "Hillegas graduated from Perkiomen Seminary in 1890, and Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1894.", "After briefly working for newspapers in Pennsylvania, in 1895 he moved to New York City to pursue a career in journalism.", "Hillegas was married and had two sons and a daughter.", "Hillegas's daughter was born in Saratoga Springs, N.Y in February 1902.", "Hillegas's youngest son, Fred Hillegas, worked as a newsperson on the radio, television, and for newspapers.", "Although Fred followed in his father's line of work, he did not directly know his father since he died approximately a year after Fred was born.", "In 1895 Hillegas began employment as a writer for the New York World and was sent to South Africa to cover the hostilities between the Brits and the Boers.", "Hillegas was the first journalist to report that the fighting between Britain and the Boers had started in the Second Boer War.", "After his return to the United States he authored several books about South African Wars, including \"Oom Paul's People\" and \"With the Boer Forces\".", "Hillegas recounts his interview with South African Republic President Paul Kruger in the book \"Oom Paul's People\".", "While in the county, Hillegas developed a friendly relationship with South African Republic statesmen.", "PostmasterGeneral Van Alpen, Commissioner of Mines P. Kroebler, Commissioner of War J. J. Smidt, Justice of the Peace Dillingham, and former Commandant-General Stephanne Schoeman attended the meeting between Hillegas and the President.", "According to Murat Halstead in \"Briton and Boer in South Africa\", Hillegas \"holds the Boers to be a nation, and his pages are full of highly colored partiality for their cause\".", "An article written by Hillegas about President Kruger appeared in the December 1900 issue of \"Outing\" magazine.", "In May 1901, \"The New York Times\" reported that Hillegas's book \"The Boers in War\", published as \"With The Boer Forces\" in Britain, was suppressed by the British authorities.", "In 1901, after returning from traveling abroad, Hillegas worked for the Saratoga Sun in Saratoga Springs, New York as an editor and publisher.", "Additionally, Hillegas worked on the staff of The World, The Evening World, and The New York Herald.", "During his time at the New York Herald, he held positions as the city editor and an editorial writer.", "Hillegas resigned from the New York Herald in September 1917 and began employment at The Hotel Reporter as associate editor.", "In 1895 Hillegas traveled as a special correspondent for the New York World newspaper to South Africa to cover the conflict between Britain and the Boers.", "During the several years that Hillegas spent in the area, he reported on the long campaign from the Boer point of view.", "Hillegas's account included details about the composition and organization of the Boer forces.", "Hillegas died at his home in New Brighton, Staten Island from pneumonia on January 29, 1918.", "He was survived by his wife, two sons, and a daughter." ]

[ 22, 23, 24 ]

[ "Hillegas traveled to South Africa as a correspondent for the \"New York World\" to cover the Second Boer War." ]

[ "Howard Clement Hillegas was born in Pennsburg, Pennsylvania on December 30, 1872.", "Hillegas was the son of John Gery Hillegas and Catharine (Zeigler) Hillegas.", "He was a descendant of Michael Hillegas who was the first Treasurer of the United States.", "Hillegas graduated from Perkiomen Seminary in 1890, and Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1894.", "After briefly working for newspapers in Pennsylvania, in 1895 he moved to New York City to pursue a career in journalism.", "Hillegas was married and had two sons and a daughter.", "Hillegas's daughter was born in Saratoga Springs, N.Y in February 1902.", "Hillegas's youngest son, Fred Hillegas, worked as a newsperson on the radio, television, and for newspapers.", "Although Fred followed in his father's line of work, he did not directly know his father since he died approximately a year after Fred was born.", "In 1895 Hillegas began employment as a writer for the New York World and was sent to South Africa to cover the hostilities between the Brits and the Boers.", "Hillegas was the first journalist to report that the fighting between Britain and the Boers had started in the Second Boer War.", "After his return to the United States he authored several books about South African Wars, including \"Oom Paul's People\" and \"With the Boer Forces\".", "Hillegas recounts his interview with South African Republic President Paul Kruger in the book \"Oom Paul's People\".", "While in the county, Hillegas developed a friendly relationship with South African Republic statesmen.", "PostmasterGeneral Van Alpen, Commissioner of Mines P. Kroebler, Commissioner of War J. J. Smidt, Justice of the Peace Dillingham, and former Commandant-General Stephanne Schoeman attended the meeting between Hillegas and the President.", "According to Murat Halstead in \"Briton and Boer in South Africa\", Hillegas \"holds the Boers to be a nation, and his pages are full of highly colored partiality for their cause\".", "An article written by Hillegas about President Kruger appeared in the December 1900 issue of \"Outing\" magazine.", "In May 1901, \"The New York Times\" reported that Hillegas's book \"The Boers in War\", published as \"With The Boer Forces\" in Britain, was suppressed by the British authorities.", "In 1901, after returning from traveling abroad, Hillegas worked for the Saratoga Sun in Saratoga Springs, New York as an editor and publisher.", "Additionally, Hillegas worked on the staff of The World, The Evening World, and The New York Herald.", "During his time at the New York Herald, he held positions as the city editor and an editorial writer.", "Hillegas resigned from the New York Herald in September 1917 and began employment at The Hotel Reporter as associate editor.", "In 1895 Hillegas traveled as a special correspondent for the New York World newspaper to South Africa to cover the conflict between Britain and the Boers.", "During the several years that Hillegas spent in the area, he reported on the long campaign from the Boer point of view.", "Hillegas's account included details about the composition and organization of the Boer forces.", "Hillegas died at his home in New Brighton, Staten Island from pneumonia on January 29, 1918.", "He was survived by his wife, two sons, and a daughter." ]

[ 22, 23, 24 ]

[ "Hillegas traveled to South Africa as a correspondent for the \"New York World\" to cover the Second Boer War." ]

[ "Created by the Municipal Law nº 1.246/1964, the Faculty of Law of São Bernardo do Campo was built in the district of Jardim do Mar, in São Bernardo do Campo.", "The admission exam, called vestibular, is the same of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo." ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "College of Law of São Bernardo do Campo (in Portuguese:" ]

[ "All Mercury–Redstone, Mercury-Atlas, the uncrewed Gemini 1 and Gemini 2, and crewed Gemini 3 missions were controlled by the Mission Control Center (called the Mercury Control Center through 1963) at Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex, Florida.", "This facility was in the Engineering Support Building at the east end of Mission Control Road, about 0.5 mile (0.8 km) east of Phillips Parkway.", "Mercury and Gemini launches were conducted from separate blockhouses at the Cape.", "The building, which was on the National Register of Historic Places, was demolished in May 2010 due to concerns about asbestos and the estimated $5 million cost of repairs after 40 years of exposure to salt air.", "Formerly a stop on the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex tours, in the late 1990s, the control room consoles were removed, refurbished, and relocated to a re-creation of the room in the Debus Center at the KSC Visitor Complex.", "Located in Building 30 at the Johnson Space Center (known as the Manned Spacecraft Center until 1973), the Houston MCC was first used in June 1965 for Gemini 4.", "It housed two primary rooms known as Mission Operation Control Rooms (MOCR, pronounced \"moh-ker\").", "These two rooms controlled all Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Space Shuttle flights up to 1998.", "Each consisted of a four-tier auditorium, dominated by a large map screen, which, with the exception of Apollo lunar flights, had a Mercator projection of the Earth, with locations of tracking stations, and a three-orbit \"sine wave\" track of the spacecraft in flight.", "Each MOCR tier was specialized, staffed by various controllers responsible for a specific spacecraft system.", "MOCR 1, housed on the second floor of Building 30, was used for Apollo 5, Apollo 7, the Skylab and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Saturn IB) missions.", "MOCR 2 was used for all other Gemini and Apollo (Saturn V) flights (except Gemini 3) and was located on the third floor.", "As the flight control room for Apollo 11, the first crewed Moon landing, MOCR 2 was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.", "It was last used in 1992 as the flight control room for STS-53 and was subsequently converted back almost entirely to its Apollo-era configuration and preserved for historical purposes.", "Together with several support wings, it is now listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the \"Apollo Mission Control Center\".", "In January 2018, the first set of consoles in MOCR 2 were removed and sent to the Kansas Cosmosphere for archival cleaning, refurbishment, and restoration to Apollo-era configuration, for eventual display back in the control room.", "On July 1, 2019, the newly restored Apollo-era Mission Control was reopened to the public, after a two-year long effort to restore the room to its configuration as seen during the Apollo Moon landings.", "Period-appropriate accents were acquired, from cigarette packs and ashtrays to wallpaper and carpeting.", "The room is accessible via the tram tour at the nearby Space Center Houston visitors' center, but only from behind the glass in the restored Visitor's Gallery viewing room.", "In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronized and released for the first time.", "This audio was used in creating an audio-visual presentation for the 2019 Mission Control update.", "When the Space Shuttle program began, the MOCRs were re-designated flight control rooms (FCR, pronounced \"ficker\"); and FCR 1 (formerly MOCR 1) became the first shuttle control room.", "FCR 2 was used mostly for classified Department of Defense shuttle flights, then was remodeled to its Apollo-era configuration.", "From the moment a Space Shuttle cleared its launch tower in Florida until it landed on Earth, it was in the hands of Mission Control.", "When a shuttle mission was underway, its control room was staffed around the clock, usually in three shifts.", "In 1992, JSC began building an extension to Building 30.", "The new five-story section (30 South) went operational in 1998 and houses two flight control rooms, designated \"White\", and \"Blue\".", "The White FCR was used in tandem with FCR 2 for seven Space Shuttle missions, STS-70 through STS-76, and handled all following shuttle flights through the end of the program.", "When not in use for the shuttle program, the White FCR was reconfigured as a backup for the ISS FCR from time to time as needed (such as during periods of construction or upgrades in the ISS FCR).", "The newer section of Building 30 also houses the International Space Station Flight Control Room.", "The first ISS control room, originally named the Special Vehicles Operations Room (SVO), then the Blue FCR, was operational around the clock to support the ISS until the fall of 2006.", "FCR 1, meanwhile, had its original consoles and tiered decking removed after STS-71, and was first converted to a \"Life Sciences Center\" for ISS payload control operations.", "After substantial remodelling, mainly with new technologies not available in 1998, ISS flight control moved into the totally revamped FCR 1 in October 2006, due to the growth of the ISS and the international cooperation required among national control centers around the world.", "Other MCC facilities include the Training Flight Control Room, sometimes referred to as the Red FCR, a training area for flight controllers; a Life Sciences Control Room used to oversee various experiments; the Simulation Control Area (SCA), primarily used during shuttle astronaut and flight control training; and an Exploration Planning Operations Center, used to test new concepts for operations beyond low-Earth orbit.", "Additionally, there are multi-purpose support rooms (MPSRs) which are staffed by backup flight controllers, who analyze data and run simulations as well as provide information and advice for the flight controllers.", "Building 30 was named for Kraft on April 14, 2011.", "From 2012 to 2014, the rooms used during the Shuttle program underwent upgrades in preparation for future human space flight activities.", "The ISS FCR 1, the White FCR, the Blue FCR, the SCA, and the MPSRs all had their consoles removed and replaced with modern hardware, in part to support the new operational concept of commercial companies having a presence in Mission Control.", "This project is known as Mission Control Center for the 21st Century, or MCC-21.", "The White FCR was officially completed and unveiled in April 2014.", "The modernized White FCR is used for flight controller training and occasionally for nominal ISS operations when FCR 1 is temporarily removed from service for repairs or upgrades.", "In 2019, the first of the Commercial Crew vehicles to be controlled from Houston was launched: the Boeing CST-100 Starliner.", "The SpaceX Dragon 2 demo flight launched earlier in the year, but SpaceX Mission Control is at their headquarters in Hawthorne, CA.", "The Boeing Starliner missions use a number of control centers across the United States, several in Houston in the Mission Control building:", "During the early years at Cape Canaveral, the original MCC consisted only of three rows, as the Mercury capsule was simple in design and construction, with missions lasting no more than 35 hours.", "The first row consisted of several controllers, the Booster Systems Engineer (BOOSTER), Flight Surgeon (SURGEON), capsule communicator (CAPCOM), Retrofire Officer (RETRO), Flight Dynamics Officer (FIDO), and Guidance Officer (GUIDO).", "The BOOSTER controller, depending upon the type of rocket being used, was either an engineer from the Marshall Space Flight Center (for Mercury-Redstone flights) or an Air Force engineer (for Mercury-Atlas and later Gemini-Titan flights) assigned for that mission.", "The BOOSTER controller's job would last no more than six hours total", "and he would vacate his console after the booster was jettisoned.", "The SURGEON controller, consisting of a flight surgeon (either a military or civilian physician), monitored the astronaut's vital signs during the flight, and if a medical need arose, could recommend treatment.", "They could also talk directly to the astronaut crew if there was a medical need that the astronauts needed to discuss.", "The CAPCOM controller, filled by an astronaut, maintained nominal air-to-ground communications between the MCC and the orbiting spacecraft; the exception being the SURGEON or Flight Director, and only in an emergency.", "The RETRO, FIDO, and GUIDO controllers monitored spacecraft trajectory and handled course changes.", "The second row also consisted of several controllers, the ENVIRONMENTAL, PROCEDURES, FLIGHT, SYSTEMS, and NETWORK.", "The ENVIRONMENTAL controller, later called EECOM, oversaw the consumption of spacecraft oxygen and monitored pressurization, while the SYSTEMS controller, later called EGIL, monitored all other spacecraft systems, including electrical consumption.", "The PROCEDURES controller, first held by Gene Kranz, handled the writing of all mission milestones, \"GO/NO GO\" decisions, and synchronized the MCC with the launch countdowns and the Eastern Test Range.", "The PROCEDURES controller also handled communications, via teletype, between the MCC and the worldwide network of tracking stations and ships.", "The flight director, known as FLIGHT, was ultimate supervisor of the Mission Control Center, and gave the final orbit entrance/exit, and, in emergencies, mission abort decisions.", "During Mercury missions, this position was held by Christopher Kraft, with John Hodge, an Englishman who came to NASA after the cancellation of the Canadian Avro Arrow project, joining the flight director ranks for the 22-orbit Mercury 9, requiring Kraft to divide Mission Control into two shifts.", "The flight director's console was also the only position in the Cape MCC to have a television monitor, allowing him to see the rocket lift off from the pad.", "The NETWORK controller, an Air Force officer, served as the \"switchboard\" between the MCC, the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland (as on-site real-time computing did not exist), and the worldwide tracking station and ship network.", "The back row, consisting primarily of NASA and Department of Defense (DOD) management, was the location of the operations director (held by Walt Williams), a general or flag officer who could coordinate with the DOD on all search-and-rescue missions, and the PAO (\"Shorty\" Powers during Mercury), who provided minute-by-minute mission commentary for the news media and public.", "In addition to the controllers in the Cape MCC, each of the crewed tracking stations and the \"Rose Knot Victor\" and \"Coastal Sentry Quebec\" tracking ships, had three controllers, a CAPCOM, SURGEON, and an engineer.", "Unlike the Cape CAPCOM, which was always staffed by an astronaut, the tracking station/tracking ship CAPCOMs were either a NASA engineer, or an astronaut, with the latter located at stations deemed \"critical\" by the flight director and operations director.", "After the move from the Cape MCC to the Houston MCC in 1965, the new MOCRs, which were larger and more sophisticated than the single Cape MCC, consisted of four rows, with the first row, later known as \"the Trench\" (a term coined by Apollo-era RETRO controller John Llewellyn, which, according to Flight Director Eugene Kranz, reminded him of the firing range during his years as a USAF officer).", "It was occupied by the BOOSTER, RETRO, FIDO, and GUIDO controllers.", "During Gemini, the BOOSTER position was handled by both an engineer from Martin Marietta and an astronaut, while all missions from Apollo 7 used engineers from the Marshall Space Flight Center.", "The second row, after Project Gemini, consisted of the SURGEON, EECOM, and CAPCOM.", "The EECOM, which replaced the ENVIRONMENTAL controller and some of the SYSTEMS controller's functions, monitored the spacecraft's electrical and environmental systems.", "Like the CAPCOMs during Mercury, all CAPCOMs in the Houston MCC were astronauts.", "On the other side of the aisle of the second row were controllers who monitored specific parts of Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, ASTP and Space Shuttle missions.", "During the Gemini program, the two Agena controllers monitored the Agena upper stage used as a docking target from Gemini 8 through Gemini 12.", "For the Apollo lunar flights, the TELMU and CONTROL controllers monitored the Lunar Module.", "During Skylab, the EGIL (pronounced \"eagle\") monitored Skylab's solar panels, while the EXPERIMENTS controller monitored experiments and the telescopes in the Apollo Telescope Mount.", "The PAYLOAD and EXPERIMENTS controllers monitored Space Shuttle operations.", "Another controller, the INCO, monitored the spacecraft's communications and instrumentation.", "The third row consisted of the PAO, PROCEDURES, and the FAO (flight activities officer), who coordinated with the flight schedule.", "The AFD (assistant flight director) and the flight director were also located on the third row.", "The fourth row, like the old Cape MCC's third row, was reserved for NASA management, including the director of the Johnson Space Center, the director of flight operations, the director of flight crew operations (chief astronaut), and the Department of Defense officer.", "The Blue FCR, used primarily for ISS operations from 1998 to 2006, was arranged in five rows of three consoles, plus one in the rear right corner.", "From left to right, as viewed from the rear of the room:", "The White FCR, which was used for Space Shuttle operations, was arranged in five rows.", "From left to right, as viewed from the rear of the room):\nThe front row (the \"trench\") had FDO (pronounced \"fido\"), responsible for orbital guidance and orbital changes, depending on the phase of flight; either Guidance, a specialist in the procedures of those two high-energy, fast-paced phases of flight or rendezvous, a specialist in orbital rendezvous procedures; and GC, the controller responsible for the computers and systems in MCC itself.", "The second row had PROP, responsible for the propulsion system; GNC, responsible for systems that determine the spacecraft's attitude and issue commands to control it; MMACS (pronounced \"max\"), responsible for the mechanical systems on the space craft, such as the payload bay doors and landing gear; and EGIL (pronounced \"eagle\"), responsible for the fuel cells, electrical distribution and O2 & H2 supplies.", "The third row had DPS, responsible for the computer systems; ACO or Payloads, responsible for all payload-related activities (depending on whether the shuttle flight supported an ISS assembly flight or not; FAO, responsible for the overall plans of activities for the entire flight; and EECOM responsible for the management of environmental systems.", "The fourth row had INCO, responsible for communications systems for uploading all systems commands to the vehicle; FLIGHT—the Flight Director, the person in charge of the flight; CAPCOM, an astronaut who is normally the only controller to talk to the astronauts on board; and PDRS, responsible for robot arm operations.", "The back row had PAO (Public Affairs Officer), the \"voice\" of MCC; MOD, a management representative, depending on the phase of flight; either RIO for MIR flights, a Russian-speaker who spoke with the Russian MCC, known as Цуп, (Tsup);", "BOOSTER responsible for the SRBs and the SSMEs during ascent, or EVA responsible for space suit systems and EVA tasks; and finally, SURGEON.", "All US International Space Station operations are currently controlled from FCR 1, remodeled in 2006.", "This FCR abandoned the traditional tiered floor layout, with all rows instead at the same level.", "A few engineering specialists are in the center of the front row, with the public affairs commentator at the right end behind a low partition.", "The space station trajectory position was moved to the third row.", "During early ISS operations, a scheme known as Gemini was used, which reduced staffing for real-time ISS support by consolidating six system disciplines into two positions.", "From these two \"super-consoles\", named Atlas and Titan, two people can do the work of up to eight other flight controllers during low-activity periods.", "One position, call sign TITAN (Telemetry, Information Transfer, and Attitude Navigation), was responsible for Communication & Tracking (CATO), Command & Data Handling (ODIN), and Motion Control Systems (ADCO).", "The other position, call sign ATLAS (Atmosphere, Thermal, Lighting and Articulation Specialist), was responsible for Thermal Control (THOR), Environmental Control & Life Support (ECLSS), and Electrical Power Systems (PHALCON).", "ATLAS was also responsible for monitoring Robotics (ROBO) and Mechanical Systems (OSO) heaters, as those consoles were not supported during the majority of Gemini shifts.", "While Gemini officially reflected the fact that two controllers act as \"twins\" during operations, the name was also an homage to the first missions (Project Gemini) controlled from that room.", "In addition, Titan was the type of booster rocket which launched the Gemini spacecraft and Atlas boosters launched Gemini-era Agena target vehicles (and several missions in Project Mercury).", "In 2010 after ISS assembly complete, the Gemini concept was removed and the six core disciplines were reduced to four.", "Those console positions are ETHOS (Environmental and Thermal Operating Systems) which consists of the ECLSS system as well as the internal thermal control system formerly held by THOR; SPARTAN (Station Power, ARticulation, Thermal, and ANalysis) which consists of the electrical power and external thermal control systems; CRONUS (Communications RF Onboard Networks Utilization Specialist), a combination of the previous ODIN and CATO positions; and ADCO (Motion Control Systems).", "In the event that the MCC-H is unavailable due to a hurricane or other foreseeable event, NASA has the option of quickly relocating to a temporary Backup Control Center (BCC) offsite.", "In 2017 for Hurricane Harvey, BCC was a hotel in Round Rock, Texas, about 4 hours away, while in 2020 for Hurricane Laura the BCC was at the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas, the designated backup site since 2017.", "For more long-term use, NASA will relocate to a more robust but farther control center at the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) at Marshall Space Flight Center for ISS operations.", "In 2008 for Hurricane Ike, NASA activated Backup Control Centers in both Round Rock and Huntsville for specific duties.", "Note that uncrewed US civilian satellites are controlled from the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, while California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages robotic US space probes." ]

[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 ]

[ "The MCC currently houses one operational control room in Building 30 from which flight controllers command, monitor, and plan operations for the ISS.", "The ISS control room operates continuously.", "A second control room in the same building, which formerly hosted the Shuttle flight control team, can be set up for ISS operations should the need arise (e.g., during repairs or hardware upgrades in the main room), and also hosts training simulations." ]

[ "All Mercury–Redstone, Mercury-Atlas, the uncrewed Gemini 1 and Gemini 2, and crewed Gemini 3 missions were controlled by the Mission Control Center (called the Mercury Control Center through 1963) at Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex, Florida.", "This facility was in the Engineering Support Building at the east end of Mission Control Road, about 0.5 mile (0.8 km) east of Phillips Parkway.", "Mercury and Gemini launches were conducted from separate blockhouses at the Cape.", "The building, which was on the National Register of Historic Places, was demolished in May 2010 due to concerns about asbestos and the estimated $5 million cost of repairs after 40 years of exposure to salt air.", "Formerly a stop on the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex tours, in the late 1990s, the control room consoles were removed, refurbished, and relocated to a re-creation of the room in the Debus Center at the KSC Visitor Complex.", "Located in Building 30 at the Johnson Space Center (known as the Manned Spacecraft Center until 1973), the Houston MCC was first used in June 1965 for Gemini 4.", "It housed two primary rooms known as Mission Operation Control Rooms (MOCR, pronounced \"moh-ker\").", "These two rooms controlled all Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Space Shuttle flights up to 1998.", "Each consisted of a four-tier auditorium, dominated by a large map screen, which, with the exception of Apollo lunar flights, had a Mercator projection of the Earth, with locations of tracking stations, and a three-orbit \"sine wave\" track of the spacecraft in flight.", "Each MOCR tier was specialized, staffed by various controllers responsible for a specific spacecraft system.", "MOCR 1, housed on the second floor of Building 30, was used for Apollo 5, Apollo 7, the Skylab and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Saturn IB) missions.", "MOCR 2 was used for all other Gemini and Apollo (Saturn V) flights (except Gemini 3) and was located on the third floor.", "As the flight control room for Apollo 11, the first crewed Moon landing, MOCR 2 was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.", "It was last used in 1992 as the flight control room for STS-53 and was subsequently converted back almost entirely to its Apollo-era configuration and preserved for historical purposes.", "Together with several support wings, it is now listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the \"Apollo Mission Control Center\".", "In January 2018, the first set of consoles in MOCR 2 were removed and sent to the Kansas Cosmosphere for archival cleaning, refurbishment, and restoration to Apollo-era configuration, for eventual display back in the control room.", "On July 1, 2019, the newly restored Apollo-era Mission Control was reopened to the public, after a two-year long effort to restore the room to its configuration as seen during the Apollo Moon landings.", "Period-appropriate accents were acquired, from cigarette packs and ashtrays to wallpaper and carpeting.", "The room is accessible via the tram tour at the nearby Space Center Houston visitors' center, but only from behind the glass in the restored Visitor's Gallery viewing room.", "In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronized and released for the first time.", "This audio was used in creating an audio-visual presentation for the 2019 Mission Control update.", "When the Space Shuttle program began, the MOCRs were re-designated flight control rooms (FCR, pronounced \"ficker\"); and FCR 1 (formerly MOCR 1) became the first shuttle control room.", "FCR 2 was used mostly for classified Department of Defense shuttle flights, then was remodeled to its Apollo-era configuration.", "From the moment a Space Shuttle cleared its launch tower in Florida until it landed on Earth, it was in the hands of Mission Control.", "When a shuttle mission was underway, its control room was staffed around the clock, usually in three shifts.", "In 1992, JSC began building an extension to Building 30.", "The new five-story section (30 South) went operational in 1998 and houses two flight control rooms, designated \"White\", and \"Blue\".", "The White FCR was used in tandem with FCR 2 for seven Space Shuttle missions, STS-70 through STS-76, and handled all following shuttle flights through the end of the program.", "When not in use for the shuttle program, the White FCR was reconfigured as a backup for the ISS FCR from time to time as needed (such as during periods of construction or upgrades in the ISS FCR).", "The newer section of Building 30 also houses the International Space Station Flight Control Room.", "The first ISS control room, originally named the Special Vehicles Operations Room (SVO), then the Blue FCR, was operational around the clock to support the ISS until the fall of 2006.", "FCR 1, meanwhile, had its original consoles and tiered decking removed after STS-71, and was first converted to a \"Life Sciences Center\" for ISS payload control operations.", "After substantial remodelling, mainly with new technologies not available in 1998, ISS flight control moved into the totally revamped FCR 1 in October 2006, due to the growth of the ISS and the international cooperation required among national control centers around the world.", "Other MCC facilities include the Training Flight Control Room, sometimes referred to as the Red FCR, a training area for flight controllers; a Life Sciences Control Room used to oversee various experiments; the Simulation Control Area (SCA), primarily used during shuttle astronaut and flight control training; and an Exploration Planning Operations Center, used to test new concepts for operations beyond low-Earth orbit.", "Additionally, there are multi-purpose support rooms (MPSRs) which are staffed by backup flight controllers, who analyze data and run simulations as well as provide information and advice for the flight controllers.", "Building 30 was named for Kraft on April 14, 2011.", "From 2012 to 2014, the rooms used during the Shuttle program underwent upgrades in preparation for future human space flight activities.", "The ISS FCR 1, the White FCR, the Blue FCR, the SCA, and the MPSRs all had their consoles removed and replaced with modern hardware, in part to support the new operational concept of commercial companies having a presence in Mission Control.", "This project is known as Mission Control Center for the 21st Century, or MCC-21.", "The White FCR was officially completed and unveiled in April 2014.", "The modernized White FCR is used for flight controller training and occasionally for nominal ISS operations when FCR 1 is temporarily removed from service for repairs or upgrades.", "In 2019, the first of the Commercial Crew vehicles to be controlled from Houston was launched: the Boeing CST-100 Starliner.", "The SpaceX Dragon 2 demo flight launched earlier in the year, but SpaceX Mission Control is at their headquarters in Hawthorne, CA.", "The Boeing Starliner missions use a number of control centers across the United States, several in Houston in the Mission Control building:", "During the early years at Cape Canaveral, the original MCC consisted only of three rows, as the Mercury capsule was simple in design and construction, with missions lasting no more than 35 hours.", "The first row consisted of several controllers, the Booster Systems Engineer (BOOSTER), Flight Surgeon (SURGEON), capsule communicator (CAPCOM), Retrofire Officer (RETRO), Flight Dynamics Officer (FIDO), and Guidance Officer (GUIDO).", "The BOOSTER controller, depending upon the type of rocket being used, was either an engineer from the Marshall Space Flight Center (for Mercury-Redstone flights) or an Air Force engineer (for Mercury-Atlas and later Gemini-Titan flights) assigned for that mission.", "The BOOSTER controller's job would last no more than six hours total", "and he would vacate his console after the booster was jettisoned.", "The SURGEON controller, consisting of a flight surgeon (either a military or civilian physician), monitored the astronaut's vital signs during the flight, and if a medical need arose, could recommend treatment.", "They could also talk directly to the astronaut crew if there was a medical need that the astronauts needed to discuss.", "The CAPCOM controller, filled by an astronaut, maintained nominal air-to-ground communications between the MCC and the orbiting spacecraft; the exception being the SURGEON or Flight Director, and only in an emergency.", "The RETRO, FIDO, and GUIDO controllers monitored spacecraft trajectory and handled course changes.", "The second row also consisted of several controllers, the ENVIRONMENTAL, PROCEDURES, FLIGHT, SYSTEMS, and NETWORK.", "The ENVIRONMENTAL controller, later called EECOM, oversaw the consumption of spacecraft oxygen and monitored pressurization, while the SYSTEMS controller, later called EGIL, monitored all other spacecraft systems, including electrical consumption.", "The PROCEDURES controller, first held by Gene Kranz, handled the writing of all mission milestones, \"GO/NO GO\" decisions, and synchronized the MCC with the launch countdowns and the Eastern Test Range.", "The PROCEDURES controller also handled communications, via teletype, between the MCC and the worldwide network of tracking stations and ships.", "The flight director, known as FLIGHT, was ultimate supervisor of the Mission Control Center, and gave the final orbit entrance/exit, and, in emergencies, mission abort decisions.", "During Mercury missions, this position was held by Christopher Kraft, with John Hodge, an Englishman who came to NASA after the cancellation of the Canadian Avro Arrow project, joining the flight director ranks for the 22-orbit Mercury 9, requiring Kraft to divide Mission Control into two shifts.", "The flight director's console was also the only position in the Cape MCC to have a television monitor, allowing him to see the rocket lift off from the pad.", "The NETWORK controller, an Air Force officer, served as the \"switchboard\" between the MCC, the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland (as on-site real-time computing did not exist), and the worldwide tracking station and ship network.", "The back row, consisting primarily of NASA and Department of Defense (DOD) management, was the location of the operations director (held by Walt Williams), a general or flag officer who could coordinate with the DOD on all search-and-rescue missions, and the PAO (\"Shorty\" Powers during Mercury), who provided minute-by-minute mission commentary for the news media and public.", "In addition to the controllers in the Cape MCC, each of the crewed tracking stations and the \"Rose Knot Victor\" and \"Coastal Sentry Quebec\" tracking ships, had three controllers, a CAPCOM, SURGEON, and an engineer.", "Unlike the Cape CAPCOM, which was always staffed by an astronaut, the tracking station/tracking ship CAPCOMs were either a NASA engineer, or an astronaut, with the latter located at stations deemed \"critical\" by the flight director and operations director.", "After the move from the Cape MCC to the Houston MCC in 1965, the new MOCRs, which were larger and more sophisticated than the single Cape MCC, consisted of four rows, with the first row, later known as \"the Trench\" (a term coined by Apollo-era RETRO controller John Llewellyn, which, according to Flight Director Eugene Kranz, reminded him of the firing range during his years as a USAF officer).", "It was occupied by the BOOSTER, RETRO, FIDO, and GUIDO controllers.", "During Gemini, the BOOSTER position was handled by both an engineer from Martin Marietta and an astronaut, while all missions from Apollo 7 used engineers from the Marshall Space Flight Center.", "The second row, after Project Gemini, consisted of the SURGEON, EECOM, and CAPCOM.", "The EECOM, which replaced the ENVIRONMENTAL controller and some of the SYSTEMS controller's functions, monitored the spacecraft's electrical and environmental systems.", "Like the CAPCOMs during Mercury, all CAPCOMs in the Houston MCC were astronauts.", "On the other side of the aisle of the second row were controllers who monitored specific parts of Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, ASTP and Space Shuttle missions.", "During the Gemini program, the two Agena controllers monitored the Agena upper stage used as a docking target from Gemini 8 through Gemini 12.", "For the Apollo lunar flights, the TELMU and CONTROL controllers monitored the Lunar Module.", "During Skylab, the EGIL (pronounced \"eagle\") monitored Skylab's solar panels, while the EXPERIMENTS controller monitored experiments and the telescopes in the Apollo Telescope Mount.", "The PAYLOAD and EXPERIMENTS controllers monitored Space Shuttle operations.", "Another controller, the INCO, monitored the spacecraft's communications and instrumentation.", "The third row consisted of the PAO, PROCEDURES, and the FAO (flight activities officer), who coordinated with the flight schedule.", "The AFD (assistant flight director) and the flight director were also located on the third row.", "The fourth row, like the old Cape MCC's third row, was reserved for NASA management, including the director of the Johnson Space Center, the director of flight operations, the director of flight crew operations (chief astronaut), and the Department of Defense officer.", "The Blue FCR, used primarily for ISS operations from 1998 to 2006, was arranged in five rows of three consoles, plus one in the rear right corner.", "From left to right, as viewed from the rear of the room:", "The White FCR, which was used for Space Shuttle operations, was arranged in five rows.", "From left to right, as viewed from the rear of the room):\nThe front row (the \"trench\") had FDO (pronounced \"fido\"), responsible for orbital guidance and orbital changes, depending on the phase of flight; either Guidance, a specialist in the procedures of those two high-energy, fast-paced phases of flight or rendezvous, a specialist in orbital rendezvous procedures; and GC, the controller responsible for the computers and systems in MCC itself.", "The second row had PROP, responsible for the propulsion system; GNC, responsible for systems that determine the spacecraft's attitude and issue commands to control it; MMACS (pronounced \"max\"), responsible for the mechanical systems on the space craft, such as the payload bay doors and landing gear; and EGIL (pronounced \"eagle\"), responsible for the fuel cells, electrical distribution and O2 & H2 supplies.", "The third row had DPS, responsible for the computer systems; ACO or Payloads, responsible for all payload-related activities (depending on whether the shuttle flight supported an ISS assembly flight or not; FAO, responsible for the overall plans of activities for the entire flight; and EECOM responsible for the management of environmental systems.", "The fourth row had INCO, responsible for communications systems for uploading all systems commands to the vehicle; FLIGHT—the Flight Director, the person in charge of the flight; CAPCOM, an astronaut who is normally the only controller to talk to the astronauts on board; and PDRS, responsible for robot arm operations.", "The back row had PAO (Public Affairs Officer), the \"voice\" of MCC; MOD, a management representative, depending on the phase of flight; either RIO for MIR flights, a Russian-speaker who spoke with the Russian MCC, known as Цуп, (Tsup);", "BOOSTER responsible for the SRBs and the SSMEs during ascent, or EVA responsible for space suit systems and EVA tasks; and finally, SURGEON.", "All US International Space Station operations are currently controlled from FCR 1, remodeled in 2006.", "This FCR abandoned the traditional tiered floor layout, with all rows instead at the same level.", "A few engineering specialists are in the center of the front row, with the public affairs commentator at the right end behind a low partition.", "The space station trajectory position was moved to the third row.", "During early ISS operations, a scheme known as Gemini was used, which reduced staffing for real-time ISS support by consolidating six system disciplines into two positions.", "From these two \"super-consoles\", named Atlas and Titan, two people can do the work of up to eight other flight controllers during low-activity periods.", "One position, call sign TITAN (Telemetry, Information Transfer, and Attitude Navigation), was responsible for Communication & Tracking (CATO), Command & Data Handling (ODIN), and Motion Control Systems (ADCO).", "The other position, call sign ATLAS (Atmosphere, Thermal, Lighting and Articulation Specialist), was responsible for Thermal Control (THOR), Environmental Control & Life Support (ECLSS), and Electrical Power Systems (PHALCON).", "ATLAS was also responsible for monitoring Robotics (ROBO) and Mechanical Systems (OSO) heaters, as those consoles were not supported during the majority of Gemini shifts.", "While Gemini officially reflected the fact that two controllers act as \"twins\" during operations, the name was also an homage to the first missions (Project Gemini) controlled from that room.", "In addition, Titan was the type of booster rocket which launched the Gemini spacecraft and Atlas boosters launched Gemini-era Agena target vehicles (and several missions in Project Mercury).", "In 2010 after ISS assembly complete, the Gemini concept was removed and the six core disciplines were reduced to four.", "Those console positions are ETHOS (Environmental and Thermal Operating Systems) which consists of the ECLSS system as well as the internal thermal control system formerly held by THOR; SPARTAN (Station Power, ARticulation, Thermal, and ANalysis) which consists of the electrical power and external thermal control systems; CRONUS (Communications RF Onboard Networks Utilization Specialist), a combination of the previous ODIN and CATO positions; and ADCO (Motion Control Systems).", "In the event that the MCC-H is unavailable due to a hurricane or other foreseeable event, NASA has the option of quickly relocating to a temporary Backup Control Center (BCC) offsite.", "In 2017 for Hurricane Harvey, BCC was a hotel in Round Rock, Texas, about 4 hours away, while in 2020 for Hurricane Laura the BCC was at the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas, the designated backup site since 2017.", "For more long-term use, NASA will relocate to a more robust but farther control center at the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) at Marshall Space Flight Center for ISS operations.", "In 2008 for Hurricane Ike, NASA activated Backup Control Centers in both Round Rock and Huntsville for specific duties.", "Note that uncrewed US civilian satellites are controlled from the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, while California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages robotic US space probes." ]

[ 29, 30, 31, 32 ]

[ "The ISS control room operates continuously." ]

[ "All Mercury–Redstone, Mercury-Atlas, the uncrewed Gemini 1 and Gemini 2, and crewed Gemini 3 missions were controlled by the Mission Control Center (called the Mercury Control Center through 1963) at Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex, Florida.", "This facility was in the Engineering Support Building at the east end of Mission Control Road, about 0.5 mile (0.8 km) east of Phillips Parkway.", "Mercury and Gemini launches were conducted from separate blockhouses at the Cape.", "The building, which was on the National Register of Historic Places, was demolished in May 2010 due to concerns about asbestos and the estimated $5 million cost of repairs after 40 years of exposure to salt air.", "Formerly a stop on the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex tours, in the late 1990s, the control room consoles were removed, refurbished, and relocated to a re-creation of the room in the Debus Center at the KSC Visitor Complex.", "Located in Building 30 at the Johnson Space Center (known as the Manned Spacecraft Center until 1973), the Houston MCC was first used in June 1965 for Gemini 4.", "It housed two primary rooms known as Mission Operation Control Rooms (MOCR, pronounced \"moh-ker\").", "These two rooms controlled all Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Space Shuttle flights up to 1998.", "Each consisted of a four-tier auditorium, dominated by a large map screen, which, with the exception of Apollo lunar flights, had a Mercator projection of the Earth, with locations of tracking stations, and a three-orbit \"sine wave\" track of the spacecraft in flight.", "Each MOCR tier was specialized, staffed by various controllers responsible for a specific spacecraft system.", "MOCR 1, housed on the second floor of Building 30, was used for Apollo 5, Apollo 7, the Skylab and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Saturn IB) missions.", "MOCR 2 was used for all other Gemini and Apollo (Saturn V) flights (except Gemini 3) and was located on the third floor.", "As the flight control room for Apollo 11, the first crewed Moon landing, MOCR 2 was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.", "It was last used in 1992 as the flight control room for STS-53 and was subsequently converted back almost entirely to its Apollo-era configuration and preserved for historical purposes.", "Together with several support wings, it is now listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the \"Apollo Mission Control Center\".", "In January 2018, the first set of consoles in MOCR 2 were removed and sent to the Kansas Cosmosphere for archival cleaning, refurbishment, and restoration to Apollo-era configuration, for eventual display back in the control room.", "On July 1, 2019, the newly restored Apollo-era Mission Control was reopened to the public, after a two-year long effort to restore the room to its configuration as seen during the Apollo Moon landings.", "Period-appropriate accents were acquired, from cigarette packs and ashtrays to wallpaper and carpeting.", "The room is accessible via the tram tour at the nearby Space Center Houston visitors' center, but only from behind the glass in the restored Visitor's Gallery viewing room.", "In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronized and released for the first time.", "This audio was used in creating an audio-visual presentation for the 2019 Mission Control update.", "When the Space Shuttle program began, the MOCRs were re-designated flight control rooms (FCR, pronounced \"ficker\"); and FCR 1 (formerly MOCR 1) became the first shuttle control room.", "FCR 2 was used mostly for classified Department of Defense shuttle flights, then was remodeled to its Apollo-era configuration.", "From the moment a Space Shuttle cleared its launch tower in Florida until it landed on Earth, it was in the hands of Mission Control.", "When a shuttle mission was underway, its control room was staffed around the clock, usually in three shifts.", "In 1992, JSC began building an extension to Building 30.", "The new five-story section (30 South) went operational in 1998 and houses two flight control rooms, designated \"White\", and \"Blue\".", "The White FCR was used in tandem with FCR 2 for seven Space Shuttle missions, STS-70 through STS-76, and handled all following shuttle flights through the end of the program.", "When not in use for the shuttle program, the White FCR was reconfigured as a backup for the ISS FCR from time to time as needed (such as during periods of construction or upgrades in the ISS FCR).", "The newer section of Building 30 also houses the International Space Station Flight Control Room.", "The first ISS control room, originally named the Special Vehicles Operations Room (SVO), then the Blue FCR, was operational around the clock to support the ISS until the fall of 2006.", "FCR 1, meanwhile, had its original consoles and tiered decking removed after STS-71, and was first converted to a \"Life Sciences Center\" for ISS payload control operations.", "After substantial remodelling, mainly with new technologies not available in 1998, ISS flight control moved into the totally revamped FCR 1 in October 2006, due to the growth of the ISS and the international cooperation required among national control centers around the world.", "Other MCC facilities include the Training Flight Control Room, sometimes referred to as the Red FCR, a training area for flight controllers; a Life Sciences Control Room used to oversee various experiments; the Simulation Control Area (SCA), primarily used during shuttle astronaut and flight control training; and an Exploration Planning Operations Center, used to test new concepts for operations beyond low-Earth orbit.", "Additionally, there are multi-purpose support rooms (MPSRs) which are staffed by backup flight controllers, who analyze data and run simulations as well as provide information and advice for the flight controllers.", "Building 30 was named for Kraft on April 14, 2011.", "From 2012 to 2014, the rooms used during the Shuttle program underwent upgrades in preparation for future human space flight activities.", "The ISS FCR 1, the White FCR, the Blue FCR, the SCA, and the MPSRs all had their consoles removed and replaced with modern hardware, in part to support the new operational concept of commercial companies having a presence in Mission Control.", "This project is known as Mission Control Center for the 21st Century, or MCC-21.", "The White FCR was officially completed and unveiled in April 2014.", "The modernized White FCR is used for flight controller training and occasionally for nominal ISS operations when FCR 1 is temporarily removed from service for repairs or upgrades.", "In 2019, the first of the Commercial Crew vehicles to be controlled from Houston was launched: the Boeing CST-100 Starliner.", "The SpaceX Dragon 2 demo flight launched earlier in the year, but SpaceX Mission Control is at their headquarters in Hawthorne, CA.", "The Boeing Starliner missions use a number of control centers across the United States, several in Houston in the Mission Control building:", "During the early years at Cape Canaveral, the original MCC consisted only of three rows, as the Mercury capsule was simple in design and construction, with missions lasting no more than 35 hours.", "The first row consisted of several controllers, the Booster Systems Engineer (BOOSTER), Flight Surgeon (SURGEON), capsule communicator (CAPCOM), Retrofire Officer (RETRO), Flight Dynamics Officer (FIDO), and Guidance Officer (GUIDO).", "The BOOSTER controller, depending upon the type of rocket being used, was either an engineer from the Marshall Space Flight Center (for Mercury-Redstone flights) or an Air Force engineer (for Mercury-Atlas and later Gemini-Titan flights) assigned for that mission.", "The BOOSTER controller's job would last no more than six hours total", "and he would vacate his console after the booster was jettisoned.", "The SURGEON controller, consisting of a flight surgeon (either a military or civilian physician), monitored the astronaut's vital signs during the flight, and if a medical need arose, could recommend treatment.", "They could also talk directly to the astronaut crew if there was a medical need that the astronauts needed to discuss.", "The CAPCOM controller, filled by an astronaut, maintained nominal air-to-ground communications between the MCC and the orbiting spacecraft; the exception being the SURGEON or Flight Director, and only in an emergency.", "The RETRO, FIDO, and GUIDO controllers monitored spacecraft trajectory and handled course changes.", "The second row also consisted of several controllers, the ENVIRONMENTAL, PROCEDURES, FLIGHT, SYSTEMS, and NETWORK.", "The ENVIRONMENTAL controller, later called EECOM, oversaw the consumption of spacecraft oxygen and monitored pressurization, while the SYSTEMS controller, later called EGIL, monitored all other spacecraft systems, including electrical consumption.", "The PROCEDURES controller, first held by Gene Kranz, handled the writing of all mission milestones, \"GO/NO GO\" decisions, and synchronized the MCC with the launch countdowns and the Eastern Test Range.", "The PROCEDURES controller also handled communications, via teletype, between the MCC and the worldwide network of tracking stations and ships.", "The flight director, known as FLIGHT, was ultimate supervisor of the Mission Control Center, and gave the final orbit entrance/exit, and, in emergencies, mission abort decisions.", "During Mercury missions, this position was held by Christopher Kraft, with John Hodge, an Englishman who came to NASA after the cancellation of the Canadian Avro Arrow project, joining the flight director ranks for the 22-orbit Mercury 9, requiring Kraft to divide Mission Control into two shifts.", "The flight director's console was also the only position in the Cape MCC to have a television monitor, allowing him to see the rocket lift off from the pad.", "The NETWORK controller, an Air Force officer, served as the \"switchboard\" between the MCC, the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland (as on-site real-time computing did not exist), and the worldwide tracking station and ship network.", "The back row, consisting primarily of NASA and Department of Defense (DOD) management, was the location of the operations director (held by Walt Williams), a general or flag officer who could coordinate with the DOD on all search-and-rescue missions, and the PAO (\"Shorty\" Powers during Mercury), who provided minute-by-minute mission commentary for the news media and public.", "In addition to the controllers in the Cape MCC, each of the crewed tracking stations and the \"Rose Knot Victor\" and \"Coastal Sentry Quebec\" tracking ships, had three controllers, a CAPCOM, SURGEON, and an engineer.", "Unlike the Cape CAPCOM, which was always staffed by an astronaut, the tracking station/tracking ship CAPCOMs were either a NASA engineer, or an astronaut, with the latter located at stations deemed \"critical\" by the flight director and operations director.", "After the move from the Cape MCC to the Houston MCC in 1965, the new MOCRs, which were larger and more sophisticated than the single Cape MCC, consisted of four rows, with the first row, later known as \"the Trench\" (a term coined by Apollo-era RETRO controller John Llewellyn, which, according to Flight Director Eugene Kranz, reminded him of the firing range during his years as a USAF officer).", "It was occupied by the BOOSTER, RETRO, FIDO, and GUIDO controllers.", "During Gemini, the BOOSTER position was handled by both an engineer from Martin Marietta and an astronaut, while all missions from Apollo 7 used engineers from the Marshall Space Flight Center.", "The second row, after Project Gemini, consisted of the SURGEON, EECOM, and CAPCOM.", "The EECOM, which replaced the ENVIRONMENTAL controller and some of the SYSTEMS controller's functions, monitored the spacecraft's electrical and environmental systems.", "Like the CAPCOMs during Mercury, all CAPCOMs in the Houston MCC were astronauts.", "On the other side of the aisle of the second row were controllers who monitored specific parts of Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, ASTP and Space Shuttle missions.", "During the Gemini program, the two Agena controllers monitored the Agena upper stage used as a docking target from Gemini 8 through Gemini 12.", "For the Apollo lunar flights, the TELMU and CONTROL controllers monitored the Lunar Module.", "During Skylab, the EGIL (pronounced \"eagle\") monitored Skylab's solar panels, while the EXPERIMENTS controller monitored experiments and the telescopes in the Apollo Telescope Mount.", "The PAYLOAD and EXPERIMENTS controllers monitored Space Shuttle operations.", "Another controller, the INCO, monitored the spacecraft's communications and instrumentation.", "The third row consisted of the PAO, PROCEDURES, and the FAO (flight activities officer), who coordinated with the flight schedule.", "The AFD (assistant flight director) and the flight director were also located on the third row.", "The fourth row, like the old Cape MCC's third row, was reserved for NASA management, including the director of the Johnson Space Center, the director of flight operations, the director of flight crew operations (chief astronaut), and the Department of Defense officer.", "The Blue FCR, used primarily for ISS operations from 1998 to 2006, was arranged in five rows of three consoles, plus one in the rear right corner.", "From left to right, as viewed from the rear of the room:", "The White FCR, which was used for Space Shuttle operations, was arranged in five rows.", "From left to right, as viewed from the rear of the room):\nThe front row (the \"trench\") had FDO (pronounced \"fido\"), responsible for orbital guidance and orbital changes, depending on the phase of flight; either Guidance, a specialist in the procedures of those two high-energy, fast-paced phases of flight or rendezvous, a specialist in orbital rendezvous procedures; and GC, the controller responsible for the computers and systems in MCC itself.", "The second row had PROP, responsible for the propulsion system; GNC, responsible for systems that determine the spacecraft's attitude and issue commands to control it; MMACS (pronounced \"max\"), responsible for the mechanical systems on the space craft, such as the payload bay doors and landing gear; and EGIL (pronounced \"eagle\"), responsible for the fuel cells, electrical distribution and O2 & H2 supplies.", "The third row had DPS, responsible for the computer systems; ACO or Payloads, responsible for all payload-related activities (depending on whether the shuttle flight supported an ISS assembly flight or not; FAO, responsible for the overall plans of activities for the entire flight; and EECOM responsible for the management of environmental systems.", "The fourth row had INCO, responsible for communications systems for uploading all systems commands to the vehicle; FLIGHT—the Flight Director, the person in charge of the flight; CAPCOM, an astronaut who is normally the only controller to talk to the astronauts on board; and PDRS, responsible for robot arm operations.", "The back row had PAO (Public Affairs Officer), the \"voice\" of MCC; MOD, a management representative, depending on the phase of flight; either RIO for MIR flights, a Russian-speaker who spoke with the Russian MCC, known as Цуп, (Tsup);", "BOOSTER responsible for the SRBs and the SSMEs during ascent, or EVA responsible for space suit systems and EVA tasks; and finally, SURGEON.", "All US International Space Station operations are currently controlled from FCR 1, remodeled in 2006.", "This FCR abandoned the traditional tiered floor layout, with all rows instead at the same level.", "A few engineering specialists are in the center of the front row, with the public affairs commentator at the right end behind a low partition.", "The space station trajectory position was moved to the third row.", "During early ISS operations, a scheme known as Gemini was used, which reduced staffing for real-time ISS support by consolidating six system disciplines into two positions.", "From these two \"super-consoles\", named Atlas and Titan, two people can do the work of up to eight other flight controllers during low-activity periods.", "One position, call sign TITAN (Telemetry, Information Transfer, and Attitude Navigation), was responsible for Communication & Tracking (CATO), Command & Data Handling (ODIN), and Motion Control Systems (ADCO).", "The other position, call sign ATLAS (Atmosphere, Thermal, Lighting and Articulation Specialist), was responsible for Thermal Control (THOR), Environmental Control & Life Support (ECLSS), and Electrical Power Systems (PHALCON).", "ATLAS was also responsible for monitoring Robotics (ROBO) and Mechanical Systems (OSO) heaters, as those consoles were not supported during the majority of Gemini shifts.", "While Gemini officially reflected the fact that two controllers act as \"twins\" during operations, the name was also an homage to the first missions (Project Gemini) controlled from that room.", "In addition, Titan was the type of booster rocket which launched the Gemini spacecraft and Atlas boosters launched Gemini-era Agena target vehicles (and several missions in Project Mercury).", "In 2010 after ISS assembly complete, the Gemini concept was removed and the six core disciplines were reduced to four.", "Those console positions are ETHOS (Environmental and Thermal Operating Systems) which consists of the ECLSS system as well as the internal thermal control system formerly held by THOR; SPARTAN (Station Power, ARticulation, Thermal, and ANalysis) which consists of the electrical power and external thermal control systems; CRONUS (Communications RF Onboard Networks Utilization Specialist), a combination of the previous ODIN and CATO positions; and ADCO (Motion Control Systems).", "In the event that the MCC-H is unavailable due to a hurricane or other foreseeable event, NASA has the option of quickly relocating to a temporary Backup Control Center (BCC) offsite.", "In 2017 for Hurricane Harvey, BCC was a hotel in Round Rock, Texas, about 4 hours away, while in 2020 for Hurricane Laura the BCC was at the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas, the designated backup site since 2017.", "For more long-term use, NASA will relocate to a more robust but farther control center at the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) at Marshall Space Flight Center for ISS operations.", "In 2008 for Hurricane Ike, NASA activated Backup Control Centers in both Round Rock and Huntsville for specific duties.", "Note that uncrewed US civilian satellites are controlled from the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, while California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages robotic US space probes." ]

[ 33, 34, 35 ]

[ "The MCC currently houses one operational control room in Building 30 from which flight controllers command, monitor, and plan operations for the ISS." ]

[ "All Mercury–Redstone, Mercury-Atlas, the uncrewed Gemini 1 and Gemini 2, and crewed Gemini 3 missions were controlled by the Mission Control Center (called the Mercury Control Center through 1963) at Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex, Florida.", "This facility was in the Engineering Support Building at the east end of Mission Control Road, about 0.5 mile (0.8 km) east of Phillips Parkway.", "Mercury and Gemini launches were conducted from separate blockhouses at the Cape.", "The building, which was on the National Register of Historic Places, was demolished in May 2010 due to concerns about asbestos and the estimated $5 million cost of repairs after 40 years of exposure to salt air.", "Formerly a stop on the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex tours, in the late 1990s, the control room consoles were removed, refurbished, and relocated to a re-creation of the room in the Debus Center at the KSC Visitor Complex.", "Located in Building 30 at the Johnson Space Center (known as the Manned Spacecraft Center until 1973), the Houston MCC was first used in June 1965 for Gemini 4.", "It housed two primary rooms known as Mission Operation Control Rooms (MOCR, pronounced \"moh-ker\").", "These two rooms controlled all Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Space Shuttle flights up to 1998.", "Each consisted of a four-tier auditorium, dominated by a large map screen, which, with the exception of Apollo lunar flights, had a Mercator projection of the Earth, with locations of tracking stations, and a three-orbit \"sine wave\" track of the spacecraft in flight.", "Each MOCR tier was specialized, staffed by various controllers responsible for a specific spacecraft system.", "MOCR 1, housed on the second floor of Building 30, was used for Apollo 5, Apollo 7, the Skylab and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Saturn IB) missions.", "MOCR 2 was used for all other Gemini and Apollo (Saturn V) flights (except Gemini 3) and was located on the third floor.", "As the flight control room for Apollo 11, the first crewed Moon landing, MOCR 2 was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.", "It was last used in 1992 as the flight control room for STS-53 and was subsequently converted back almost entirely to its Apollo-era configuration and preserved for historical purposes.", "Together with several support wings, it is now listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the \"Apollo Mission Control Center\".", "In January 2018, the first set of consoles in MOCR 2 were removed and sent to the Kansas Cosmosphere for archival cleaning, refurbishment, and restoration to Apollo-era configuration, for eventual display back in the control room.", "On July 1, 2019, the newly restored Apollo-era Mission Control was reopened to the public, after a two-year long effort to restore the room to its configuration as seen during the Apollo Moon landings.", "Period-appropriate accents were acquired, from cigarette packs and ashtrays to wallpaper and carpeting.", "The room is accessible via the tram tour at the nearby Space Center Houston visitors' center, but only from behind the glass in the restored Visitor's Gallery viewing room.", "In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronized and released for the first time.", "This audio was used in creating an audio-visual presentation for the 2019 Mission Control update.", "When the Space Shuttle program began, the MOCRs were re-designated flight control rooms (FCR, pronounced \"ficker\"); and FCR 1 (formerly MOCR 1) became the first shuttle control room.", "FCR 2 was used mostly for classified Department of Defense shuttle flights, then was remodeled to its Apollo-era configuration.", "From the moment a Space Shuttle cleared its launch tower in Florida until it landed on Earth, it was in the hands of Mission Control.", "When a shuttle mission was underway, its control room was staffed around the clock, usually in three shifts.", "In 1992, JSC began building an extension to Building 30.", "The new five-story section (30 South) went operational in 1998 and houses two flight control rooms, designated \"White\", and \"Blue\".", "The White FCR was used in tandem with FCR 2 for seven Space Shuttle missions, STS-70 through STS-76, and handled all following shuttle flights through the end of the program.", "When not in use for the shuttle program, the White FCR was reconfigured as a backup for the ISS FCR from time to time as needed (such as during periods of construction or upgrades in the ISS FCR).", "The newer section of Building 30 also houses the International Space Station Flight Control Room.", "The first ISS control room, originally named the Special Vehicles Operations Room (SVO), then the Blue FCR, was operational around the clock to support the ISS until the fall of 2006.", "FCR 1, meanwhile, had its original consoles and tiered decking removed after STS-71, and was first converted to a \"Life Sciences Center\" for ISS payload control operations.", "After substantial remodelling, mainly with new technologies not available in 1998, ISS flight control moved into the totally revamped FCR 1 in October 2006, due to the growth of the ISS and the international cooperation required among national control centers around the world.", "Other MCC facilities include the Training Flight Control Room, sometimes referred to as the Red FCR, a training area for flight controllers; a Life Sciences Control Room used to oversee various experiments; the Simulation Control Area (SCA), primarily used during shuttle astronaut and flight control training; and an Exploration Planning Operations Center, used to test new concepts for operations beyond low-Earth orbit.", "Additionally, there are multi-purpose support rooms (MPSRs) which are staffed by backup flight controllers, who analyze data and run simulations as well as provide information and advice for the flight controllers.", "Building 30 was named for Kraft on April 14, 2011.", "From 2012 to 2014, the rooms used during the Shuttle program underwent upgrades in preparation for future human space flight activities.", "The ISS FCR 1, the White FCR, the Blue FCR, the SCA, and the MPSRs all had their consoles removed and replaced with modern hardware, in part to support the new operational concept of commercial companies having a presence in Mission Control.", "This project is known as Mission Control Center for the 21st Century, or MCC-21.", "The White FCR was officially completed and unveiled in April 2014.", "The modernized White FCR is used for flight controller training and occasionally for nominal ISS operations when FCR 1 is temporarily removed from service for repairs or upgrades.", "In 2019, the first of the Commercial Crew vehicles to be controlled from Houston was launched: the Boeing CST-100 Starliner.", "The SpaceX Dragon 2 demo flight launched earlier in the year, but SpaceX Mission Control is at their headquarters in Hawthorne, CA.", "The Boeing Starliner missions use a number of control centers across the United States, several in Houston in the Mission Control building:", "During the early years at Cape Canaveral, the original MCC consisted only of three rows, as the Mercury capsule was simple in design and construction, with missions lasting no more than 35 hours.", "The first row consisted of several controllers, the Booster Systems Engineer (BOOSTER), Flight Surgeon (SURGEON), capsule communicator (CAPCOM), Retrofire Officer (RETRO), Flight Dynamics Officer (FIDO), and Guidance Officer (GUIDO).", "The BOOSTER controller, depending upon the type of rocket being used, was either an engineer from the Marshall Space Flight Center (for Mercury-Redstone flights) or an Air Force engineer (for Mercury-Atlas and later Gemini-Titan flights) assigned for that mission.", "The BOOSTER controller's job would last no more than six hours total", "and he would vacate his console after the booster was jettisoned.", "The SURGEON controller, consisting of a flight surgeon (either a military or civilian physician), monitored the astronaut's vital signs during the flight, and if a medical need arose, could recommend treatment.", "They could also talk directly to the astronaut crew if there was a medical need that the astronauts needed to discuss.", "The CAPCOM controller, filled by an astronaut, maintained nominal air-to-ground communications between the MCC and the orbiting spacecraft; the exception being the SURGEON or Flight Director, and only in an emergency.", "The RETRO, FIDO, and GUIDO controllers monitored spacecraft trajectory and handled course changes.", "The second row also consisted of several controllers, the ENVIRONMENTAL, PROCEDURES, FLIGHT, SYSTEMS, and NETWORK.", "The ENVIRONMENTAL controller, later called EECOM, oversaw the consumption of spacecraft oxygen and monitored pressurization, while the SYSTEMS controller, later called EGIL, monitored all other spacecraft systems, including electrical consumption.", "The PROCEDURES controller, first held by Gene Kranz, handled the writing of all mission milestones, \"GO/NO GO\" decisions, and synchronized the MCC with the launch countdowns and the Eastern Test Range.", "The PROCEDURES controller also handled communications, via teletype, between the MCC and the worldwide network of tracking stations and ships.", "The flight director, known as FLIGHT, was ultimate supervisor of the Mission Control Center, and gave the final orbit entrance/exit, and, in emergencies, mission abort decisions.", "During Mercury missions, this position was held by Christopher Kraft, with John Hodge, an Englishman who came to NASA after the cancellation of the Canadian Avro Arrow project, joining the flight director ranks for the 22-orbit Mercury 9, requiring Kraft to divide Mission Control into two shifts.", "The flight director's console was also the only position in the Cape MCC to have a television monitor, allowing him to see the rocket lift off from the pad.", "The NETWORK controller, an Air Force officer, served as the \"switchboard\" between the MCC, the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland (as on-site real-time computing did not exist), and the worldwide tracking station and ship network.", "The back row, consisting primarily of NASA and Department of Defense (DOD) management, was the location of the operations director (held by Walt Williams), a general or flag officer who could coordinate with the DOD on all search-and-rescue missions, and the PAO (\"Shorty\" Powers during Mercury), who provided minute-by-minute mission commentary for the news media and public.", "In addition to the controllers in the Cape MCC, each of the crewed tracking stations and the \"Rose Knot Victor\" and \"Coastal Sentry Quebec\" tracking ships, had three controllers, a CAPCOM, SURGEON, and an engineer.", "Unlike the Cape CAPCOM, which was always staffed by an astronaut, the tracking station/tracking ship CAPCOMs were either a NASA engineer, or an astronaut, with the latter located at stations deemed \"critical\" by the flight director and operations director.", "After the move from the Cape MCC to the Houston MCC in 1965, the new MOCRs, which were larger and more sophisticated than the single Cape MCC, consisted of four rows, with the first row, later known as \"the Trench\" (a term coined by Apollo-era RETRO controller John Llewellyn, which, according to Flight Director Eugene Kranz, reminded him of the firing range during his years as a USAF officer).", "It was occupied by the BOOSTER, RETRO, FIDO, and GUIDO controllers.", "During Gemini, the BOOSTER position was handled by both an engineer from Martin Marietta and an astronaut, while all missions from Apollo 7 used engineers from the Marshall Space Flight Center.", "The second row, after Project Gemini, consisted of the SURGEON, EECOM, and CAPCOM.", "The EECOM, which replaced the ENVIRONMENTAL controller and some of the SYSTEMS controller's functions, monitored the spacecraft's electrical and environmental systems.", "Like the CAPCOMs during Mercury, all CAPCOMs in the Houston MCC were astronauts.", "On the other side of the aisle of the second row were controllers who monitored specific parts of Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, ASTP and Space Shuttle missions.", "During the Gemini program, the two Agena controllers monitored the Agena upper stage used as a docking target from Gemini 8 through Gemini 12.", "For the Apollo lunar flights, the TELMU and CONTROL controllers monitored the Lunar Module.", "During Skylab, the EGIL (pronounced \"eagle\") monitored Skylab's solar panels, while the EXPERIMENTS controller monitored experiments and the telescopes in the Apollo Telescope Mount.", "The PAYLOAD and EXPERIMENTS controllers monitored Space Shuttle operations.", "Another controller, the INCO, monitored the spacecraft's communications and instrumentation.", "The third row consisted of the PAO, PROCEDURES, and the FAO (flight activities officer), who coordinated with the flight schedule.", "The AFD (assistant flight director) and the flight director were also located on the third row.", "The fourth row, like the old Cape MCC's third row, was reserved for NASA management, including the director of the Johnson Space Center, the director of flight operations, the director of flight crew operations (chief astronaut), and the Department of Defense officer.", "The Blue FCR, used primarily for ISS operations from 1998 to 2006, was arranged in five rows of three consoles, plus one in the rear right corner.", "From left to right, as viewed from the rear of the room:", "The White FCR, which was used for Space Shuttle operations, was arranged in five rows.", "From left to right, as viewed from the rear of the room):\nThe front row (the \"trench\") had FDO (pronounced \"fido\"), responsible for orbital guidance and orbital changes, depending on the phase of flight; either Guidance, a specialist in the procedures of those two high-energy, fast-paced phases of flight or rendezvous, a specialist in orbital rendezvous procedures; and GC, the controller responsible for the computers and systems in MCC itself.", "The second row had PROP, responsible for the propulsion system; GNC, responsible for systems that determine the spacecraft's attitude and issue commands to control it; MMACS (pronounced \"max\"), responsible for the mechanical systems on the space craft, such as the payload bay doors and landing gear; and EGIL (pronounced \"eagle\"), responsible for the fuel cells, electrical distribution and O2 & H2 supplies.", "The third row had DPS, responsible for the computer systems; ACO or Payloads, responsible for all payload-related activities (depending on whether the shuttle flight supported an ISS assembly flight or not; FAO, responsible for the overall plans of activities for the entire flight; and EECOM responsible for the management of environmental systems.", "The fourth row had INCO, responsible for communications systems for uploading all systems commands to the vehicle; FLIGHT—the Flight Director, the person in charge of the flight; CAPCOM, an astronaut who is normally the only controller to talk to the astronauts on board; and PDRS, responsible for robot arm operations.", "The back row had PAO (Public Affairs Officer), the \"voice\" of MCC; MOD, a management representative, depending on the phase of flight; either RIO for MIR flights, a Russian-speaker who spoke with the Russian MCC, known as Цуп, (Tsup);", "BOOSTER responsible for the SRBs and the SSMEs during ascent, or EVA responsible for space suit systems and EVA tasks; and finally, SURGEON.", "All US International Space Station operations are currently controlled from FCR 1, remodeled in 2006.", "This FCR abandoned the traditional tiered floor layout, with all rows instead at the same level.", "A few engineering specialists are in the center of the front row, with the public affairs commentator at the right end behind a low partition.", "The space station trajectory position was moved to the third row.", "During early ISS operations, a scheme known as Gemini was used, which reduced staffing for real-time ISS support by consolidating six system disciplines into two positions.", "From these two \"super-consoles\", named Atlas and Titan, two people can do the work of up to eight other flight controllers during low-activity periods.", "One position, call sign TITAN (Telemetry, Information Transfer, and Attitude Navigation), was responsible for Communication & Tracking (CATO), Command & Data Handling (ODIN), and Motion Control Systems (ADCO).", "The other position, call sign ATLAS (Atmosphere, Thermal, Lighting and Articulation Specialist), was responsible for Thermal Control (THOR), Environmental Control & Life Support (ECLSS), and Electrical Power Systems (PHALCON).", "ATLAS was also responsible for monitoring Robotics (ROBO) and Mechanical Systems (OSO) heaters, as those consoles were not supported during the majority of Gemini shifts.", "While Gemini officially reflected the fact that two controllers act as \"twins\" during operations, the name was also an homage to the first missions (Project Gemini) controlled from that room.", "In addition, Titan was the type of booster rocket which launched the Gemini spacecraft and Atlas boosters launched Gemini-era Agena target vehicles (and several missions in Project Mercury).", "In 2010 after ISS assembly complete, the Gemini concept was removed and the six core disciplines were reduced to four.", "Those console positions are ETHOS (Environmental and Thermal Operating Systems) which consists of the ECLSS system as well as the internal thermal control system formerly held by THOR; SPARTAN (Station Power, ARticulation, Thermal, and ANalysis) which consists of the electrical power and external thermal control systems; CRONUS (Communications RF Onboard Networks Utilization Specialist), a combination of the previous ODIN and CATO positions; and ADCO (Motion Control Systems).", "In the event that the MCC-H is unavailable due to a hurricane or other foreseeable event, NASA has the option of quickly relocating to a temporary Backup Control Center (BCC) offsite.", "In 2017 for Hurricane Harvey, BCC was a hotel in Round Rock, Texas, about 4 hours away, while in 2020 for Hurricane Laura the BCC was at the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas, the designated backup site since 2017.", "For more long-term use, NASA will relocate to a more robust but farther control center at the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) at Marshall Space Flight Center for ISS operations.", "In 2008 for Hurricane Ike, NASA activated Backup Control Centers in both Round Rock and Huntsville for specific duties.", "Note that uncrewed US civilian satellites are controlled from the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, while California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages robotic US space probes." ]

[ 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 ]

[ "The center is in Building 30 at the Johnson Space Center and is named after Christopher C. Kraft Jr., a NASA engineer and manager who was instrumental in establishing the agency's Mission Control operation, and was the first Flight Director.", "This room has many computer and data-processing resources to monitor, command and communicate with the station." ]

[ "# \"H-Town Intro '94\" (Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 2:31\n# \"Sex Bowl\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner, Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 5:13\n# \"One Night Gigolo\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner, Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 5:29\n# \"Prelude to Emotion\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Darryl \"G.I.\" Jackson, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner) - 1:36\n# \"Emotions\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Darryl \"G.I.\" Jackson, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner) - 5:57\n# \"Cruisin' fo' Honeys\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Mark \"G.I.\" Jackson, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner, Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 2:21\n# \"Full Time\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Darryl \"G.I.\" Jackson, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner) - 5:21\n# \"1-900-CALL GI\" (Darryl \"G.I.\" Jackson) -", "1:34\n# \"Tumble & Rumble\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner, Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 6:02\n# \"Much Feelin' (", "And It Tastes Great)\"", "(Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner, Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 5:23\n# \"Beggin' After Dark\" (Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 1:46\n# \"Indo Love\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner, Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 4:45\n# \"Back Seat (Wit No Sheets)\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner, Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 4:45\n# \"Buss One\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Darryl \"G.I.\" Jackson, Papi Reu, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner) - 5:43\n# \"Baby I Love Ya'\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Darryl \"G.I.\" Jackson, Roger Troutman, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner, Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 5:51 \n# \"Sticky Lee Presley\" (Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 0:22\n# \"Rockit Steady\" (Keven \"Dino\" Conner, Darryl \"G.I.\" Jackson, Solomon \"Shazam\" Conner) - 4:30\n# \"The Last Record\" (Bishop \"Stick\" Burrell) - 3:20" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "The album showcases a more sensual romantic sound on ballads such as \"Much Feelin' (And It Tastes Great)\", \"One Night Gigolo\", \"Full Time\", and \"Baby I Love Ya\" featuring Roger Troutman." ]

[ "Formerly a Lieutenant in the 3rd Volunteer Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers, he represented \"The Times\" in Spain during the rumours of an impending Carlist rising in 1898–99, and served as a Special War Correspondent for the \"Morning Post\" newspaper in South Africa, the same paper that also employed Winston Churchill, with the 3rd Division South African Field Force.", "Duncombe-Jewell was a noted historian, novelist and verse-writer, and made numerous contributions to the \"Pall Mall Gazette\", and many other publications of the period.", "He was editor of \"Armorial Cornwall\", founder and Hon.", "Sec.", "Celtic-Cornish Society, and leader of the Cornish Language Movement.", "He was also an expert in the works of occultist, Aleister Crowley who spent some time in Cornwall.", "During the 1890s, Duncombe-Jewell flirted with the Neo-Jacobite Revival.", "He wrote a piece on the movement for \"The Albemarle\", which was critical of the more political Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland, but favourable towards the more artistic Order of White Rose.", "In 1901 he founded the Cornish Celtic Society (), and at the Pan Celtic Congress of 1901 made a spirited plea for recognition of Cornwall as a Celtic nation.", "He was a flamboyant individual who appeared at the 1902 Bangor Eisteddfod as the Cornish delegate sporting a traditional Cornish costume of his own design.", "He was made a bard by the Welsh Gorsedd in 1904 and took the bardic name of \"Bardd Glas\" (the Blue Bard) because he was clad from his tights to his cap in this colour.", "Also involved with Cowethas Kelto Kernuak was Henry Jenner who later retired to Cornwall following a distinguished career as librarian at the British Museum.", "Together with Jenner, he was jointly responsible for Cornwall gaining its acceptance as a Celtic nation by the Pan Celtic Congress of 1904.", "Later Jenner helped found the Cornish Gorseth.", "The Cowethas Kelto Kernuak organisation petered out, when in 1903, Duncombe Jewell left Cornwall to live at Boleskine near Loch Ness and the colourful and enigmatic Bardd Glas progressively turned his attention away from Cornish Celtic culture to Welsh." ]

[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]

[ "Duncombe-Jewell lived at Crowley's Scottish residence 'Boleskine' for several years from 1903." ]

[ "Born on 22 November 1951 in Cape Coast, Ghana, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang (née Jane Naana Sam) attended Anglican Girls' Secondary School at Koforidua and Aburi Presby Girls' School.", "She then had her secondary education at the Wesley Girls High School in Cape Coast from 1964 to 1971.", "She completed B.Ed.(Hons) in English and French at the University of Cape Coast in 1977.", "She also has a Diploma in Advanced Studies in French from the University of Dakar and obtained her master's degree and Doctorate degrees from York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1980 and 1986 respectively.", "Professor Opoku-Agyemang taught and worked at the University of Cape Coast, starting in 1986.", "She has held various academic positions including: Head of the Department of English, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Warden of Adehye Hall, Valco Trust Fund Post-Graduate Hostel, and the Founding Dean of School of Graduate Studies and Research.", "From 1997, she has held the position of Academic Director of the School for International Training in the History and Cultures of the African Diaspora.", "From 2008 to 2012 she was the university's Vice Chancellor.", "She assumed duty on 1 October 2008, succeeding Emmanuel Addow-Obeng.", "In March, 2007, she was one of five scholars selected to deliver presentations during the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.", "In October 2009, she was elected Ghana's representative to the executive board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).", "Ahead of the 2012 general elections, Jane Opoku Agyemang moderated the debate with Kojo Oppong Nkrumah.", "On 26 October 2018, she became the Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa located in Zimbabwe.", "She has served on many local and international boards and committees such as the Centre for Democratic Governance, (CDD-Ghana), the editorial board of the Harriet Tubman Series on the African Diaspora (Africa World Press Inc. USA), the Africa Initiative in Canada, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons as an Eminent Citizen.", "Opoku-Agyemang is an author.", "Her focus areas includes Literature with a focus on Women from Ghana, Oral literature in Ghana and Africa, Communication Skills and Issues in the African Diaspora.", "As an academic she has written and published in scholarly journals and presented articles at various conferences including at the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City and at the Inaugural Lecture to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "In 2015, whilst the Education Minister she published and launched a five volumes collection of published folktales titled \"‘Who told the most incredible story?\"’\"", "Between February 2013 and January 2017 she served as the Minister of Education after she was appointed by President John Mahama to serve in that role after the National Democratic Congress had won the 2012 Ghanaian general election.", "One of her focus areas was empowering the girl child education and empowering women.external_link_1", "During her period of serving as minister for education she also focused on implementing policies that covered inclusiveness in education in Ghana which birth the Inclusive Education Policy 2015.", "external_link_2", "Opoku-Agyemang was selected as the presidential running mate for the National Democratic Congress (NDC) on July 6, 2020 for Ghana’s December 2020 General elections.", "She became the first female running mate of the two major political parties in Ghana.", "Her selection by the flagbearer, John Dramani Mahama of the National Democratic Congress was applauded by women groups and women activists as a positive sign to the Ghanaian political scene to promote gender balance and equality.", "She however received harsh criticisms and sometimes insults from some key members of the ruling NPP, particularly the Ashanti Regional Chairman of the NPP, Bernard Antwi Boasiako aka Chairman Wontumi, who called her \"ugly\" and \"witch\" during a live radio show on Kumasi-based, Wontumi FM, which he owns.", "She appealed to Ghanaians to vote for change and promised to use her office as vice president to influence sustainable development and practical youth-centred policies.", "Her campaign message was devoid of attacks on opponents.", "Her intensive campaign in the coastal communities and her home region, the Central Region yielded results as the NDC won most of the constituencies they had lost in 2016.", "The NDC also won 9 out of the 16 regions in Ghana including the major battleground, Greater Accra.\nProf. Opoku-Agyemang continues to remain one of the most influential voices in Ghanaian politics.", "She has criticized the implementation of the government's Free SHS policy which was a major campaign item for the ruling party.", "Opoku-Agyemang is a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Teachers Association of Ghana, English Studies Association, African Studies Association, United States, African Literature Association, United States and International Fulbright Scholars Association, Commonwealth of Learning amongst others.", "Opoku Agyemang is a Christian who worships as a Methodist.", "She has three children; Dr. Kweku Opoku-Agyemang, Dr. Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang and Dr. Maame Adwoa Opoku-Agyemang.", "Opoku-Agyemang has been honoured with honorary degrees from the University of West Indies and Winston-Salem University.", "She has also received an award for Global leadership from the University of South Florida in Tampa.", "She has also received the Officer of the Order of the Volta award for Academic Distinction in 2011 by President John Atta Mills.", "and Ghana Women of Excellence Award in the Education category due her contribution to the development and promotion of quality education in Ghana.", "She has been acknowledged for Outstanding Performance in Advancing International Education, School for International Training, Vermont, USA on two occasions.", "In 2020 she was named among the 40 Most Inspirational Female Leaders in Ghana for serving as a role model for women in Ghana and in Africa Avance media also named her among the 100 Most Influential Women in Africa" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang (née Sam; born 22 November 1951) is a Ghanaian academic and politician who served as Minister for Education from February 2013 to January 2017." ]

[ "Born on 22 November 1951 in Cape Coast, Ghana, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang (née Jane Naana Sam) attended Anglican Girls' Secondary School at Koforidua and Aburi Presby Girls' School.", "She then had her secondary education at the Wesley Girls High School in Cape Coast from 1964 to 1971.", "She completed B.Ed.(Hons) in English and French at the University of Cape Coast in 1977.", "She also has a Diploma in Advanced Studies in French from the University of Dakar and obtained her master's degree and Doctorate degrees from York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1980 and 1986 respectively.", "Professor Opoku-Agyemang taught and worked at the University of Cape Coast, starting in 1986.", "She has held various academic positions including: Head of the Department of English, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Warden of Adehye Hall, Valco Trust Fund Post-Graduate Hostel, and the Founding Dean of School of Graduate Studies and Research.", "From 1997, she has held the position of Academic Director of the School for International Training in the History and Cultures of the African Diaspora.", "From 2008 to 2012 she was the university's Vice Chancellor.", "She assumed duty on 1 October 2008, succeeding Emmanuel Addow-Obeng.", "In March, 2007, she was one of five scholars selected to deliver presentations during the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.", "In October 2009, she was elected Ghana's representative to the executive board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).", "Ahead of the 2012 general elections, Jane Opoku Agyemang moderated the debate with Kojo Oppong Nkrumah.", "On 26 October 2018, she became the Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa located in Zimbabwe.", "She has served on many local and international boards and committees such as the Centre for Democratic Governance, (CDD-Ghana), the editorial board of the Harriet Tubman Series on the African Diaspora (Africa World Press Inc. USA), the Africa Initiative in Canada, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons as an Eminent Citizen.", "Opoku-Agyemang is an author.", "Her focus areas includes Literature with a focus on Women from Ghana, Oral literature in Ghana and Africa, Communication Skills and Issues in the African Diaspora.", "As an academic she has written and published in scholarly journals and presented articles at various conferences including at the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City and at the Inaugural Lecture to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "In 2015, whilst the Education Minister she published and launched a five volumes collection of published folktales titled \"‘Who told the most incredible story?\"’\"", "Between February 2013 and January 2017 she served as the Minister of Education after she was appointed by President John Mahama to serve in that role after the National Democratic Congress had won the 2012 Ghanaian general election.", "One of her focus areas was empowering the girl child education and empowering women.external_link_1", "During her period of serving as minister for education she also focused on implementing policies that covered inclusiveness in education in Ghana which birth the Inclusive Education Policy 2015.", "external_link_2", "Opoku-Agyemang was selected as the presidential running mate for the National Democratic Congress (NDC) on July 6, 2020 for Ghana’s December 2020 General elections.", "She became the first female running mate of the two major political parties in Ghana.", "Her selection by the flagbearer, John Dramani Mahama of the National Democratic Congress was applauded by women groups and women activists as a positive sign to the Ghanaian political scene to promote gender balance and equality.", "She however received harsh criticisms and sometimes insults from some key members of the ruling NPP, particularly the Ashanti Regional Chairman of the NPP, Bernard Antwi Boasiako aka Chairman Wontumi, who called her \"ugly\" and \"witch\" during a live radio show on Kumasi-based, Wontumi FM, which he owns.", "She appealed to Ghanaians to vote for change and promised to use her office as vice president to influence sustainable development and practical youth-centred policies.", "Her campaign message was devoid of attacks on opponents.", "Her intensive campaign in the coastal communities and her home region, the Central Region yielded results as the NDC won most of the constituencies they had lost in 2016.", "The NDC also won 9 out of the 16 regions in Ghana including the major battleground, Greater Accra.\nProf. Opoku-Agyemang continues to remain one of the most influential voices in Ghanaian politics.", "She has criticized the implementation of the government's Free SHS policy which was a major campaign item for the ruling party.", "Opoku-Agyemang is a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Teachers Association of Ghana, English Studies Association, African Studies Association, United States, African Literature Association, United States and International Fulbright Scholars Association, Commonwealth of Learning amongst others.", "Opoku Agyemang is a Christian who worships as a Methodist.", "She has three children; Dr. Kweku Opoku-Agyemang, Dr. Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang and Dr. Maame Adwoa Opoku-Agyemang.", "Opoku-Agyemang has been honoured with honorary degrees from the University of West Indies and Winston-Salem University.", "She has also received an award for Global leadership from the University of South Florida in Tampa.", "She has also received the Officer of the Order of the Volta award for Academic Distinction in 2011 by President John Atta Mills.", "and Ghana Women of Excellence Award in the Education category due her contribution to the development and promotion of quality education in Ghana.", "She has been acknowledged for Outstanding Performance in Advancing International Education, School for International Training, Vermont, USA on two occasions.", "In 2020 she was named among the 40 Most Inspirational Female Leaders in Ghana for serving as a role model for women in Ghana and in Africa Avance media also named her among the 100 Most Influential Women in Africa" ]

[ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "She is a full professor of literature.", "She currently serves as the Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa." ]

[ "Born on 22 November 1951 in Cape Coast, Ghana, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang (née Jane Naana Sam) attended Anglican Girls' Secondary School at Koforidua and Aburi Presby Girls' School.", "She then had her secondary education at the Wesley Girls High School in Cape Coast from 1964 to 1971.", "She completed B.Ed.(Hons) in English and French at the University of Cape Coast in 1977.", "She also has a Diploma in Advanced Studies in French from the University of Dakar and obtained her master's degree and Doctorate degrees from York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1980 and 1986 respectively.", "Professor Opoku-Agyemang taught and worked at the University of Cape Coast, starting in 1986.", "She has held various academic positions including: Head of the Department of English, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Warden of Adehye Hall, Valco Trust Fund Post-Graduate Hostel, and the Founding Dean of School of Graduate Studies and Research.", "From 1997, she has held the position of Academic Director of the School for International Training in the History and Cultures of the African Diaspora.", "From 2008 to 2012 she was the university's Vice Chancellor.", "She assumed duty on 1 October 2008, succeeding Emmanuel Addow-Obeng.", "In March, 2007, she was one of five scholars selected to deliver presentations during the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.", "In October 2009, she was elected Ghana's representative to the executive board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).", "Ahead of the 2012 general elections, Jane Opoku Agyemang moderated the debate with Kojo Oppong Nkrumah.", "On 26 October 2018, she became the Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa located in Zimbabwe.", "She has served on many local and international boards and committees such as the Centre for Democratic Governance, (CDD-Ghana), the editorial board of the Harriet Tubman Series on the African Diaspora (Africa World Press Inc. USA), the Africa Initiative in Canada, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons as an Eminent Citizen.", "Opoku-Agyemang is an author.", "Her focus areas includes Literature with a focus on Women from Ghana, Oral literature in Ghana and Africa, Communication Skills and Issues in the African Diaspora.", "As an academic she has written and published in scholarly journals and presented articles at various conferences including at the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City and at the Inaugural Lecture to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "In 2015, whilst the Education Minister she published and launched a five volumes collection of published folktales titled \"‘Who told the most incredible story?\"’\"", "Between February 2013 and January 2017 she served as the Minister of Education after she was appointed by President John Mahama to serve in that role after the National Democratic Congress had won the 2012 Ghanaian general election.", "One of her focus areas was empowering the girl child education and empowering women.external_link_1", "During her period of serving as minister for education she also focused on implementing policies that covered inclusiveness in education in Ghana which birth the Inclusive Education Policy 2015.", "external_link_2", "Opoku-Agyemang was selected as the presidential running mate for the National Democratic Congress (NDC) on July 6, 2020 for Ghana’s December 2020 General elections.", "She became the first female running mate of the two major political parties in Ghana.", "Her selection by the flagbearer, John Dramani Mahama of the National Democratic Congress was applauded by women groups and women activists as a positive sign to the Ghanaian political scene to promote gender balance and equality.", "She however received harsh criticisms and sometimes insults from some key members of the ruling NPP, particularly the Ashanti Regional Chairman of the NPP, Bernard Antwi Boasiako aka Chairman Wontumi, who called her \"ugly\" and \"witch\" during a live radio show on Kumasi-based, Wontumi FM, which he owns.", "She appealed to Ghanaians to vote for change and promised to use her office as vice president to influence sustainable development and practical youth-centred policies.", "Her campaign message was devoid of attacks on opponents.", "Her intensive campaign in the coastal communities and her home region, the Central Region yielded results as the NDC won most of the constituencies they had lost in 2016.", "The NDC also won 9 out of the 16 regions in Ghana including the major battleground, Greater Accra.\nProf. Opoku-Agyemang continues to remain one of the most influential voices in Ghanaian politics.", "She has criticized the implementation of the government's Free SHS policy which was a major campaign item for the ruling party.", "Opoku-Agyemang is a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Teachers Association of Ghana, English Studies Association, African Studies Association, United States, African Literature Association, United States and International Fulbright Scholars Association, Commonwealth of Learning amongst others.", "Opoku Agyemang is a Christian who worships as a Methodist.", "She has three children; Dr. Kweku Opoku-Agyemang, Dr. Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang and Dr. Maame Adwoa Opoku-Agyemang.", "Opoku-Agyemang has been honoured with honorary degrees from the University of West Indies and Winston-Salem University.", "She has also received an award for Global leadership from the University of South Florida in Tampa.", "She has also received the Officer of the Order of the Volta award for Academic Distinction in 2011 by President John Atta Mills.", "and Ghana Women of Excellence Award in the Education category due her contribution to the development and promotion of quality education in Ghana.", "She has been acknowledged for Outstanding Performance in Advancing International Education, School for International Training, Vermont, USA on two occasions.", "In 2020 she was named among the 40 Most Inspirational Female Leaders in Ghana for serving as a role model for women in Ghana and in Africa Avance media also named her among the 100 Most Influential Women in Africa" ]

[ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]

[ "She is a full professor of literature.", "She currently serves as the Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa." ]

[ "Born on 22 November 1951 in Cape Coast, Ghana, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang (née Jane Naana Sam) attended Anglican Girls' Secondary School at Koforidua and Aburi Presby Girls' School.", "She then had her secondary education at the Wesley Girls High School in Cape Coast from 1964 to 1971.", "She completed B.Ed.(Hons) in English and French at the University of Cape Coast in 1977.", "She also has a Diploma in Advanced Studies in French from the University of Dakar and obtained her master's degree and Doctorate degrees from York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1980 and 1986 respectively.", "Professor Opoku-Agyemang taught and worked at the University of Cape Coast, starting in 1986.", "She has held various academic positions including: Head of the Department of English, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Warden of Adehye Hall, Valco Trust Fund Post-Graduate Hostel, and the Founding Dean of School of Graduate Studies and Research.", "From 1997, she has held the position of Academic Director of the School for International Training in the History and Cultures of the African Diaspora.", "From 2008 to 2012 she was the university's Vice Chancellor.", "She assumed duty on 1 October 2008, succeeding Emmanuel Addow-Obeng.", "In March, 2007, she was one of five scholars selected to deliver presentations during the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.", "In October 2009, she was elected Ghana's representative to the executive board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).", "Ahead of the 2012 general elections, Jane Opoku Agyemang moderated the debate with Kojo Oppong Nkrumah.", "On 26 October 2018, she became the Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa located in Zimbabwe.", "She has served on many local and international boards and committees such as the Centre for Democratic Governance, (CDD-Ghana), the editorial board of the Harriet Tubman Series on the African Diaspora (Africa World Press Inc. USA), the Africa Initiative in Canada, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons as an Eminent Citizen.", "Opoku-Agyemang is an author.", "Her focus areas includes Literature with a focus on Women from Ghana, Oral literature in Ghana and Africa, Communication Skills and Issues in the African Diaspora.", "As an academic she has written and published in scholarly journals and presented articles at various conferences including at the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City and at the Inaugural Lecture to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "In 2015, whilst the Education Minister she published and launched a five volumes collection of published folktales titled \"‘Who told the most incredible story?\"’\"", "Between February 2013 and January 2017 she served as the Minister of Education after she was appointed by President John Mahama to serve in that role after the National Democratic Congress had won the 2012 Ghanaian general election.", "One of her focus areas was empowering the girl child education and empowering women.external_link_1", "During her period of serving as minister for education she also focused on implementing policies that covered inclusiveness in education in Ghana which birth the Inclusive Education Policy 2015.", "external_link_2", "Opoku-Agyemang was selected as the presidential running mate for the National Democratic Congress (NDC) on July 6, 2020 for Ghana’s December 2020 General elections.", "She became the first female running mate of the two major political parties in Ghana.", "Her selection by the flagbearer, John Dramani Mahama of the National Democratic Congress was applauded by women groups and women activists as a positive sign to the Ghanaian political scene to promote gender balance and equality.", "She however received harsh criticisms and sometimes insults from some key members of the ruling NPP, particularly the Ashanti Regional Chairman of the NPP, Bernard Antwi Boasiako aka Chairman Wontumi, who called her \"ugly\" and \"witch\" during a live radio show on Kumasi-based, Wontumi FM, which he owns.", "She appealed to Ghanaians to vote for change and promised to use her office as vice president to influence sustainable development and practical youth-centred policies.", "Her campaign message was devoid of attacks on opponents.", "Her intensive campaign in the coastal communities and her home region, the Central Region yielded results as the NDC won most of the constituencies they had lost in 2016.", "The NDC also won 9 out of the 16 regions in Ghana including the major battleground, Greater Accra.\nProf. Opoku-Agyemang continues to remain one of the most influential voices in Ghanaian politics.", "She has criticized the implementation of the government's Free SHS policy which was a major campaign item for the ruling party.", "Opoku-Agyemang is a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Teachers Association of Ghana, English Studies Association, African Studies Association, United States, African Literature Association, United States and International Fulbright Scholars Association, Commonwealth of Learning amongst others.", "Opoku Agyemang is a Christian who worships as a Methodist.", "She has three children; Dr. Kweku Opoku-Agyemang, Dr. Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang and Dr. Maame Adwoa Opoku-Agyemang.", "Opoku-Agyemang has been honoured with honorary degrees from the University of West Indies and Winston-Salem University.", "She has also received an award for Global leadership from the University of South Florida in Tampa.", "She has also received the Officer of the Order of the Volta award for Academic Distinction in 2011 by President John Atta Mills.", "and Ghana Women of Excellence Award in the Education category due her contribution to the development and promotion of quality education in Ghana.", "She has been acknowledged for Outstanding Performance in Advancing International Education, School for International Training, Vermont, USA on two occasions.", "In 2020 she was named among the 40 Most Inspirational Female Leaders in Ghana for serving as a role model for women in Ghana and in Africa Avance media also named her among the 100 Most Influential Women in Africa" ]

[ 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "She is a full professor of literature." ]

[ "Born on 22 November 1951 in Cape Coast, Ghana, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang (née Jane Naana Sam) attended Anglican Girls' Secondary School at Koforidua and Aburi Presby Girls' School.", "She then had her secondary education at the Wesley Girls High School in Cape Coast from 1964 to 1971.", "She completed B.Ed.(Hons) in English and French at the University of Cape Coast in 1977.", "She also has a Diploma in Advanced Studies in French from the University of Dakar and obtained her master's degree and Doctorate degrees from York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1980 and 1986 respectively.", "Professor Opoku-Agyemang taught and worked at the University of Cape Coast, starting in 1986.", "She has held various academic positions including: Head of the Department of English, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Warden of Adehye Hall, Valco Trust Fund Post-Graduate Hostel, and the Founding Dean of School of Graduate Studies and Research.", "From 1997, she has held the position of Academic Director of the School for International Training in the History and Cultures of the African Diaspora.", "From 2008 to 2012 she was the university's Vice Chancellor.", "She assumed duty on 1 October 2008, succeeding Emmanuel Addow-Obeng.", "In March, 2007, she was one of five scholars selected to deliver presentations during the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.", "In October 2009, she was elected Ghana's representative to the executive board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).", "Ahead of the 2012 general elections, Jane Opoku Agyemang moderated the debate with Kojo Oppong Nkrumah.", "On 26 October 2018, she became the Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa located in Zimbabwe.", "She has served on many local and international boards and committees such as the Centre for Democratic Governance, (CDD-Ghana), the editorial board of the Harriet Tubman Series on the African Diaspora (Africa World Press Inc. USA), the Africa Initiative in Canada, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons as an Eminent Citizen.", "Opoku-Agyemang is an author.", "Her focus areas includes Literature with a focus on Women from Ghana, Oral literature in Ghana and Africa, Communication Skills and Issues in the African Diaspora.", "As an academic she has written and published in scholarly journals and presented articles at various conferences including at the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City and at the Inaugural Lecture to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "In 2015, whilst the Education Minister she published and launched a five volumes collection of published folktales titled \"‘Who told the most incredible story?\"’\"", "Between February 2013 and January 2017 she served as the Minister of Education after she was appointed by President John Mahama to serve in that role after the National Democratic Congress had won the 2012 Ghanaian general election.", "One of her focus areas was empowering the girl child education and empowering women.external_link_1", "During her period of serving as minister for education she also focused on implementing policies that covered inclusiveness in education in Ghana which birth the Inclusive Education Policy 2015.", "external_link_2", "Opoku-Agyemang was selected as the presidential running mate for the National Democratic Congress (NDC) on July 6, 2020 for Ghana’s December 2020 General elections.", "She became the first female running mate of the two major political parties in Ghana.", "Her selection by the flagbearer, John Dramani Mahama of the National Democratic Congress was applauded by women groups and women activists as a positive sign to the Ghanaian political scene to promote gender balance and equality.", "She however received harsh criticisms and sometimes insults from some key members of the ruling NPP, particularly the Ashanti Regional Chairman of the NPP, Bernard Antwi Boasiako aka Chairman Wontumi, who called her \"ugly\" and \"witch\" during a live radio show on Kumasi-based, Wontumi FM, which he owns.", "She appealed to Ghanaians to vote for change and promised to use her office as vice president to influence sustainable development and practical youth-centred policies.", "Her campaign message was devoid of attacks on opponents.", "Her intensive campaign in the coastal communities and her home region, the Central Region yielded results as the NDC won most of the constituencies they had lost in 2016.", "The NDC also won 9 out of the 16 regions in Ghana including the major battleground, Greater Accra.\nProf. Opoku-Agyemang continues to remain one of the most influential voices in Ghanaian politics.", "She has criticized the implementation of the government's Free SHS policy which was a major campaign item for the ruling party.", "Opoku-Agyemang is a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Teachers Association of Ghana, English Studies Association, African Studies Association, United States, African Literature Association, United States and International Fulbright Scholars Association, Commonwealth of Learning amongst others.", "Opoku Agyemang is a Christian who worships as a Methodist.", "She has three children; Dr. Kweku Opoku-Agyemang, Dr. Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang and Dr. Maame Adwoa Opoku-Agyemang.", "Opoku-Agyemang has been honoured with honorary degrees from the University of West Indies and Winston-Salem University.", "She has also received an award for Global leadership from the University of South Florida in Tampa.", "She has also received the Officer of the Order of the Volta award for Academic Distinction in 2011 by President John Atta Mills.", "and Ghana Women of Excellence Award in the Education category due her contribution to the development and promotion of quality education in Ghana.", "She has been acknowledged for Outstanding Performance in Advancing International Education, School for International Training, Vermont, USA on two occasions.", "In 2020 she was named among the 40 Most Inspirational Female Leaders in Ghana for serving as a role model for women in Ghana and in Africa Avance media also named her among the 100 Most Influential Women in Africa" ]

[ 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ]

[ "In the round up to the 2020 General Elections, there were media speculations that the leadership of the biggest opposition party, National Democratic Congress (NDC) will announce her as the new presidential running mate.", "H.E. John Dramani Mahama made the official declaration on July 6, 2020." ]

[ "Born on 22 November 1951 in Cape Coast, Ghana, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang (née Jane Naana Sam) attended Anglican Girls' Secondary School at Koforidua and Aburi Presby Girls' School.", "She then had her secondary education at the Wesley Girls High School in Cape Coast from 1964 to 1971.", "She completed B.Ed.(Hons) in English and French at the University of Cape Coast in 1977.", "She also has a Diploma in Advanced Studies in French from the University of Dakar and obtained her master's degree and Doctorate degrees from York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1980 and 1986 respectively.", "Professor Opoku-Agyemang taught and worked at the University of Cape Coast, starting in 1986.", "She has held various academic positions including: Head of the Department of English, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Warden of Adehye Hall, Valco Trust Fund Post-Graduate Hostel, and the Founding Dean of School of Graduate Studies and Research.", "From 1997, she has held the position of Academic Director of the School for International Training in the History and Cultures of the African Diaspora.", "From 2008 to 2012 she was the university's Vice Chancellor.", "She assumed duty on 1 October 2008, succeeding Emmanuel Addow-Obeng.", "In March, 2007, she was one of five scholars selected to deliver presentations during the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.", "In October 2009, she was elected Ghana's representative to the executive board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).", "Ahead of the 2012 general elections, Jane Opoku Agyemang moderated the debate with Kojo Oppong Nkrumah.", "On 26 October 2018, she became the Chancellor of the Women's University in Africa located in Zimbabwe.", "She has served on many local and international boards and committees such as the Centre for Democratic Governance, (CDD-Ghana), the editorial board of the Harriet Tubman Series on the African Diaspora (Africa World Press Inc. USA), the Africa Initiative in Canada, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons as an Eminent Citizen.", "Opoku-Agyemang is an author.", "Her focus areas includes Literature with a focus on Women from Ghana, Oral literature in Ghana and Africa, Communication Skills and Issues in the African Diaspora.", "As an academic she has written and published in scholarly journals and presented articles at various conferences including at the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City and at the Inaugural Lecture to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "In 2015, whilst the Education Minister she published and launched a five volumes collection of published folktales titled \"‘Who told the most incredible story?\"’\"", "Between February 2013 and January 2017 she served as the Minister of Education after she was appointed by President John Mahama to serve in that role after the National Democratic Congress had won the 2012 Ghanaian general election.", "One of her focus areas was empowering the girl child education and empowering women.external_link_1", "During her period of serving as minister for education she also focused on implementing policies that covered inclusiveness in education in Ghana which birth the Inclusive Education Policy 2015.", "external_link_2", "Opoku-Agyemang was selected as the presidential running mate for the National Democratic Congress (NDC) on July 6, 2020 for Ghana’s December 2020 General elections.", "She became the first female running mate of the two major political parties in Ghana.", "Her selection by the flagbearer, John Dramani Mahama of the National Democratic Congress was applauded by women groups and women activists as a positive sign to the Ghanaian political scene to promote gender balance and equality.", "She however received harsh criticisms and sometimes insults from some key members of the ruling NPP, particularly the Ashanti Regional Chairman of the NPP, Bernard Antwi Boasiako aka Chairman Wontumi, who called her \"ugly\" and \"witch\" during a live radio show on Kumasi-based, Wontumi FM, which he owns.", "She appealed to Ghanaians to vote for change and promised to use her office as vice president to influence sustainable development and practical youth-centred policies.", "Her campaign message was devoid of attacks on opponents.", "Her intensive campaign in the coastal communities and her home region, the Central Region yielded results as the NDC won most of the constituencies they had lost in 2016.", "The NDC also won 9 out of the 16 regions in Ghana including the major battleground, Greater Accra.\nProf. Opoku-Agyemang continues to remain one of the most influential voices in Ghanaian politics.", "She has criticized the implementation of the government's Free SHS policy which was a major campaign item for the ruling party.", "Opoku-Agyemang is a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Teachers Association of Ghana, English Studies Association, African Studies Association, United States, African Literature Association, United States and International Fulbright Scholars Association, Commonwealth of Learning amongst others.", "Opoku Agyemang is a Christian who worships as a Methodist.", "She has three children; Dr. Kweku Opoku-Agyemang, Dr. Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang and Dr. Maame Adwoa Opoku-Agyemang.", "Opoku-Agyemang has been honoured with honorary degrees from the University of West Indies and Winston-Salem University.", "She has also received an award for Global leadership from the University of South Florida in Tampa.", "She has also received the Officer of the Order of the Volta award for Academic Distinction in 2011 by President John Atta Mills.", "and Ghana Women of Excellence Award in the Education category due her contribution to the development and promotion of quality education in Ghana.", "She has been acknowledged for Outstanding Performance in Advancing International Education, School for International Training, Vermont, USA on two occasions.", "In 2020 she was named among the 40 Most Inspirational Female Leaders in Ghana for serving as a role model for women in Ghana and in Africa Avance media also named her among the 100 Most Influential Women in Africa" ]

[ 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ]

[ "In the round up to the 2020 General Elections, there were media speculations that the leadership of the biggest opposition party, National Democratic Congress (NDC) will announce her as the new presidential running mate.", "H.E. John Dramani Mahama made the official declaration on July 6, 2020." ]

[ "In November 1992, Marine Corps Systems Command drafted a mission needs statement for an enhanced sniper support team weapon (SSTW).", "It called for a weapon to support the M40A1 sniper rifle in a Scout Sniper team for close-range engagements and to lay down rapid semiautomatic suppressive fire.", "At the time, the role was filled by the M16A2, which could not mount optics or night vision sights and used M855 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition, which was too inaccurate for the role.", "A previous designated marksman weapon effort attempted to use the M14 for the role, but it was not as accurate as bolt-action rifles and could not fit into the Fleet Marine Forces logistics system.", "The enhanced SSTW had to engage targets out to 600 meters, use ammunition interchangeable with the M40A1, be able to mount a sound suppressor and optics, and be supportable.", "Even though the M14 was not initially suitable, rifle equipment builders continued to refine it and produced versions as \"interim measures\".", "They eventually became a program unto themselves and culminated as the M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle.", "There are several differences between the DMR and EMR.", "The EMR is primarily used by a designated marksman, to provide precision fire for units that do not rate a scout sniper.", "As a replacement for the DMR, the EMR fills the need for a lightweight, accurate weapon system utilizing a cartridge more powerful than the M16A4's standard 5.56×45mm NATO—the 7.62×51mm NATO.", "The EMR is also used by Marine scout snipers when the mission requires rapid accurate fire and by Marine Corps explosive ordnance disposal teams.", "In early 2012, the Marine Corps began replacing the M39 with the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System, originally developed for the U.S. Army, on a one-for-one basis, with the designation of Mk 11 Mod 2.", "The M110 better fills the requirements of the SSTW, being able to mount suppressors and night vision systems while maintaining zero, and having M16 training and supply commonality." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "It is based on the United States Marine Corps Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR), which it replaced." ]

[ "In November 1992, Marine Corps Systems Command drafted a mission needs statement for an enhanced sniper support team weapon (SSTW).", "It called for a weapon to support the M40A1 sniper rifle in a Scout Sniper team for close-range engagements and to lay down rapid semiautomatic suppressive fire.", "At the time, the role was filled by the M16A2, which could not mount optics or night vision sights and used M855 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition, which was too inaccurate for the role.", "A previous designated marksman weapon effort attempted to use the M14 for the role, but it was not as accurate as bolt-action rifles and could not fit into the Fleet Marine Forces logistics system.", "The enhanced SSTW had to engage targets out to 600 meters, use ammunition interchangeable with the M40A1, be able to mount a sound suppressor and optics, and be supportable.", "Even though the M14 was not initially suitable, rifle equipment builders continued to refine it and produced versions as \"interim measures\".", "They eventually became a program unto themselves and culminated as the M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle.", "There are several differences between the DMR and EMR.", "The EMR is primarily used by a designated marksman, to provide precision fire for units that do not rate a scout sniper.", "As a replacement for the DMR, the EMR fills the need for a lightweight, accurate weapon system utilizing a cartridge more powerful than the M16A4's standard 5.56×45mm NATO—the 7.62×51mm NATO.", "The EMR is also used by Marine scout snipers when the mission requires rapid accurate fire and by Marine Corps explosive ordnance disposal teams.", "In early 2012, the Marine Corps began replacing the M39 with the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System, originally developed for the U.S. Army, on a one-for-one basis, with the designation of Mk 11 Mod 2.", "The M110 better fills the requirements of the SSTW, being able to mount suppressors and night vision systems while maintaining zero, and having M16 training and supply commonality." ]

[ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]

[ "It is based on the United States Marine Corps Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR), which it replaced." ]

[ "The Council consists of the City's Mayor and eight elected City Councilors, with City Councilors representing the interests of each of the eight wards of the City.", "The Council's history dates back to the incorporation of Prince Albert Settlement as a town in 1885, under its first mayor; Thomas McKay.", "Greg Dionne is the current mayor of Prince Albert, and head of the City Council.", "Charlene Miller is the current councillor representing Ward 1, which encompasses the West Flat area of the City.", "Ward 1 currently has the highest percentage of youth of any ward in Prince Albert and is rebranding itself as a vibrant desirable place to live.", "Ward 1 runs adjacent the North Saskatchewan River and hosts a large portion of the Rotary Trail.", "Terra Lennox-Zepp is the current councilor representing Ward 2, which encompasses the Historical Cathedral District, Prince Albert's downtown core, as well as Hazedell, Nordale, and the North Industrial district north of the North Saskatchewan River.", "Tony Head is the current councillor representing Ward 3 which includes the Midtown area of the East Flat portion of the City.", "Past mayor Don Cody is the current councillor representing Ward 4 which encompasses the eastern portion of the East Flat area of the City.", "Dennis Ogrodnick is the current councillor representing Ward 5 which encompasses the Crescent Heights area of the City, as well as parts of the Carlton Park neighbourhood.", "Blake Edwards is the current councillor representing Ward 6 which encompasses the Crescent Acres and Carlton Park neighbourhoods on the southeast side of the City.", "The Ward 7 seat currently held by Dawn Kilmer.", "Ward 7 includes the East Hill neighbourhood of the City.", "Ted Zurakowski is the current councilor for Ward 8 which encompasses the West Hill neighborhoods of the City." ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]

[ "Prince Albert City Council is the governing body of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada." ]

[ "Howard C. Reiche Community School, a public school located on Brackett Street, serves the West End's K-5 school-age students.", "It also houses a branch library, swimming pool, and community center.", "Waynflete School, a private school located on Spring Street, is also located in the neighborhood.", "Learning Works, formally known as Portland West, is located on Brackett Street in the West End.", "Founded as a community group fighting the gentrification of the West End in 1967, Learning Works is now a social services agency which provides educational opportunities to at-risk teenagers, immigrants, refugees and low income families.", "Mercy Hospital was established in 1918 by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland and the Sisters of Mercy.", "Maine Medical Center, Maine's largest hospital and Portland's largest employer, is located on the Western Promenade.", "It was founded in 1874.", "The West End News is a local weekly newspaper which includes news and information pertaining to the neighborhood and the city at-large.", "Founded and published by Ed King 2001-2012.", "In 1869, the Bramhall Reservoir gate and fence was built around Brackett, Vaughan and Chadwick Streets, to hold water pumped from Sebago Lake by the Portland Water Company.", "It held 8 million gallons.", "The reservoir was used until 1964, when it was flattened and the land was leased to nearby Maine Medical Center for parking.", "Five city parks are located in the neighborhood, including Clark Street Park, Harbor View Park, Tate-Tyng Playground and McIntyre Park, and the Western Promenade with a view of the White Mountains in New Hampshire.", "The Western Cemetery, Portland's primary cemetery from 1829 to 1852, is located in the neighborhood.", "McIntyre Park on Taylor Street was redeveloped beginning in October 2011.", "Funded by a grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development at a cost of $83,000, the park upgraded its basketball court, seating area, swings and other playground equipment." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "The West End is a downtown neighborhood in Portland, Maine." ]

[ "Bärbel Inhelder grew up as an only child in Switzerland.", "Her Swedish-born father was a zoologist and her German-born mother was a writer.", "At a young age Inhelder was moved around in different private and public schools; her father spent time teaching her history, philosophy, nature, and geography.", "While attending primary school, Inhelder was exposed to the possibility of becoming a teacher.", "During middle and high school, Inhelder attended classes devoted to Latin, science, mathematics, and art.", "When Inhelder was accepted into the University of Geneva, she began studying the history of science, neurology, evolutionary theory, as well as Gestalt psychology.", "Inhelder also began studying under Jean Piaget and by 1943 while at the University of Geneva where she was later awarded her doctorate degree.", "While working with Piaget, Inhelder carried out an experiment on children’s perceptions of quantity conservation which led to her first publication.", "This started her career as a female psychologist under Piaget where she was able to publish her work done thus far.", "During Inhelder's work with Piaget, collaboratively they published many joint publications including: The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence (1958), The Psychology of the Child (1966), and the Child's Conception of Space (1967).", "Their work together influenced Inhelder's discovery of the \"formal operations\" stage of development occurring during the transition between childhood and adolescence.", "Her discovery of this stage as well as her deductive reasoning and ability to think hypothetically resulted her in being elected for a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1976.", "Much of her work was foreshadowed due to her work with Piaget.", "As her career advanced during a visiting appointment at Harvard University in (1961-1962), Inhelder was able to break away from the logical-structural approach of Piaget and focus on applying the functional approach to genetic epistemology.", "As a well-known scientist working under Piaget, Inhelder kept her personal life out of the public eye.", "According to recent biography about Inhelder's life, there is no information stating she was ever married or had children.", "Inhelder died in 1997 at the age of 83 due to natural causes.", "In her legacy, she left behind fourteen published books, multiple articles and book chapters, as well as numerous generations of students that she influenced through teaching during her lifespan." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "Inhelder continued her work at the University of Geneva up until her retirement." ]

[ "Bärbel Inhelder grew up as an only child in Switzerland.", "Her Swedish-born father was a zoologist and her German-born mother was a writer.", "At a young age Inhelder was moved around in different private and public schools; her father spent time teaching her history, philosophy, nature, and geography.", "While attending primary school, Inhelder was exposed to the possibility of becoming a teacher.", "During middle and high school, Inhelder attended classes devoted to Latin, science, mathematics, and art.", "When Inhelder was accepted into the University of Geneva, she began studying the history of science, neurology, evolutionary theory, as well as Gestalt psychology.", "Inhelder also began studying under Jean Piaget and by 1943 while at the University of Geneva where she was later awarded her doctorate degree.", "While working with Piaget, Inhelder carried out an experiment on children’s perceptions of quantity conservation which led to her first publication.", "This started her career as a female psychologist under Piaget where she was able to publish her work done thus far.", "During Inhelder's work with Piaget, collaboratively they published many joint publications including: The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence (1958), The Psychology of the Child (1966), and the Child's Conception of Space (1967).", "Their work together influenced Inhelder's discovery of the \"formal operations\" stage of development occurring during the transition between childhood and adolescence.", "Her discovery of this stage as well as her deductive reasoning and ability to think hypothetically resulted her in being elected for a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1976.", "Much of her work was foreshadowed due to her work with Piaget.", "As her career advanced during a visiting appointment at Harvard University in (1961-1962), Inhelder was able to break away from the logical-structural approach of Piaget and focus on applying the functional approach to genetic epistemology.", "As a well-known scientist working under Piaget, Inhelder kept her personal life out of the public eye.", "According to recent biography about Inhelder's life, there is no information stating she was ever married or had children.", "Inhelder died in 1997 at the age of 83 due to natural causes.", "In her legacy, she left behind fourteen published books, multiple articles and book chapters, as well as numerous generations of students that she influenced through teaching during her lifespan." ]

[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]

[ "During her time at Geneva, she worked alongside Jean Piaget collaborating on experimental work targeted toward child development.", "Inhelder's work was significant in the discovery of the formal operational stage of child development occurring during the transition between childhood and adolescence.", "Inhelder and Piaget were joint on many publications of their research.", "Inhelder's contributions to developmental psychology resulted in her being elected as a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences." ]

[ "Stocking graduated from Clarendon College in Texas (BA 1918), the University of Texas (BA 1918, MA 1921), and Columbia University (Ph.D. 1925).", "His mentors at Columbia were Thorstein Veblen and Wesley Clair Mitchell.", "Stocking's first book was an empirical study of competition in the petroleum industry, in which he had worked as a \"roughneck\" in the oil fields of western Texas.", "While teaching at the University of Texas, Stocking had his first taste of public service as a member of the Consumer Advisory Board of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) in the mid-1930s, where he observed the destructive effects of the brief U.S. legalization of industrial cartels.", "When the antitrust laws were reinstated after about 1937, Stocking served through the early 1940s as an economic adviser to the great head of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, Thurman Arnold.", "It was Arnold who initiated for the first time a large number of successful U.S. criminal prosecutions of international cartels in the mid-1940s.", "Information from these prosecutions and from Congressional investigations of the nefarious roles played by cartels in facilitating the economic policies of national socialism formed the basis of Stocking's two landmark books on international price-fixing cartels.", "In the 1950s, Stocking was involved in several issues that had lasting effects on antitrust enforcement.", "Perhaps Stocking's best-known journal article was a 1955 article in the \"American Economic Review\" that addressed what is now known as the \"Cellophane Paradox.\"", "In research on the DuPont company arising from his student's (Willard F. Mueller) Ph. D. dissertation, Stocking and Mueller pointed out the error of mistaking a monopolist's inability to exercise market power by raising price above the current price for an inability to have already exercised market power by raising price significantly above the competitive price.", "Courts that use a monopolized product's elevated market price will typically misconstrue a completed anticompetitive act as a lack of market power.", "A second issue addressed by Stocking was the extent to which concepts of \"workable competition\" and the \"rule of reason\" should be employed in antitrust enforcement." ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "After completing a Ph.D. degree from Columbia University in 1925, he was professor of economics at the University of Texas at Austin from 1926 to 1947." ]

[ "Stocking graduated from Clarendon College in Texas (BA 1918), the University of Texas (BA 1918, MA 1921), and Columbia University (Ph.D. 1925).", "His mentors at Columbia were Thorstein Veblen and Wesley Clair Mitchell.", "Stocking's first book was an empirical study of competition in the petroleum industry, in which he had worked as a \"roughneck\" in the oil fields of western Texas.", "While teaching at the University of Texas, Stocking had his first taste of public service as a member of the Consumer Advisory Board of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) in the mid-1930s, where he observed the destructive effects of the brief U.S. legalization of industrial cartels.", "When the antitrust laws were reinstated after about 1937, Stocking served through the early 1940s as an economic adviser to the great head of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, Thurman Arnold.", "It was Arnold who initiated for the first time a large number of successful U.S. criminal prosecutions of international cartels in the mid-1940s.", "Information from these prosecutions and from Congressional investigations of the nefarious roles played by cartels in facilitating the economic policies of national socialism formed the basis of Stocking's two landmark books on international price-fixing cartels.", "In the 1950s, Stocking was involved in several issues that had lasting effects on antitrust enforcement.", "Perhaps Stocking's best-known journal article was a 1955 article in the \"American Economic Review\" that addressed what is now known as the \"Cellophane Paradox.\"", "In research on the DuPont company arising from his student's (Willard F. Mueller) Ph. D. dissertation, Stocking and Mueller pointed out the error of mistaking a monopolist's inability to exercise market power by raising price above the current price for an inability to have already exercised market power by raising price significantly above the competitive price.", "Courts that use a monopolized product's elevated market price will typically misconstrue a completed anticompetitive act as a lack of market power.", "A second issue addressed by Stocking was the extent to which concepts of \"workable competition\" and the \"rule of reason\" should be employed in antitrust enforcement." ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ]

[ "During 1933-1943 he held several positions with the federal government, including the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, where he advised Attorney General Thurman Arnold.", "Stocking's most enduring research was published in three volumes: Cartels in Action (1946), Cartels or Competition?", "The first two volumes were seminal works in the field of empirical studies of price-fixing cartels; in them Stocking synthesized lavish quantitative and qualitative data on international cartels in eight markets that demonstrated their internal mechanisms, pervasiveness in the economy, and effects on industrial performance.", "The third volume addressed the problems of market power in the U.S. economy and public policies to ensure the benefits of free enterprise." ]

[ "On April 5, 2007, coalition forces launched Operation Silver, as part of the wider Operation Achilles, with some 1,000 troops.", "After giving advance warning of their offensive, they advanced into Sangin, which had been mostly abandoned by the insurgents.", "The new governor of Helmand Assadullah Wafa, was able to install a new district governor, and ISAF claimed to have pacified the town.", "The Taliban claim to still control neighbouring areas.", "Since the end of the siege, the district compound has still come under attack, but the British have built two new forward operating bases a few miles away that draw most of the Taliban attacks away from the town." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "Operation Silver was the name of a British led operation against Taliban forces in Helmand province in Afghanistan in 2007." ]

[ "He was born in Jerusalem to Rabbi Yosef Eisenbach, a \"sofer\" (scribe), and studied in the Talmud Torah and yeshiva of Shomrei HaChomot.", "He was also one of the first students of Yeshivat Beit Avraham-Slonim, which was then led by Rabbi Sholom Noach Berezovsky, the Rebbe of Slonim.", "After his marriage in 1944 to the daughter of Rabbi Asher Zelig Margolios, a noted kabbalist, Rabbi Eisenbach studied at the Pressburg Yeshiva under Rabbi Akiva Sofer (the Daas Sofer); the Toras Emes (Chabad) yeshiva; and Kollel Shomrei HaChomot.", "He was well known for his 18-hour day of learning, as well as his humility.", "Occasionally he gave shiurim (lectures) on Torah and fear of God to unmarried students.", "At different times, he served as mashgiach ruchani for the Slonim Yeshiva, and as \"maggid shiur\" (lecturer) for an elite group of students at Toras Emes.", "In 1973, Rabbi Refoel Dovid Auerbach of Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva asked Rabbi Eisenbach to assume the mantle of rosh yeshiva after the passing of Rabbi Aharon Slotkin.", "Rabbi Eisenbach's proficiency in kabbalah was well known.", "He knew all the writings of the Arizal and the siddur of the Rashash by heart, and was an expert in davening with the \"kavannot\" (mystical intentions) of these kabbalistic masters.", "Over the next 35 years, he taught thousands of students of kabbalah at the yeshiva, as well as began a new study of the \"kavannot\" of the Rashash.", "His health progressively worsened in the two years before his death at the age of 83.", "\"Hespedim\" (eulogies) were delivered at his yeshiva by Rabbi Gamliel Rabinowitz, a fellow rosh yeshiva of Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva; Rabbi Shmuel Auerbach, yeshiva president;", "Rabbi Reuven Gross; Rabbi Yaakov Hillel; and Rabbi Eisenbach's son-in-law, Rabbi Moshe Uri Eisenstein, a rabbi from the Givat Shaul neighborhood of Jerusalem.", "He was buried on the Mount of Olives.", "Rabbi Eisenbach is survived by two sons, Rabbi Yaakov Tzvi Eisenbach and Rabbi Yechezkel Eisenbach, and three sons-in-law: Rabbi Moshe Uri Eisenstein (Rav of the Givat Shaul neighborhood of Jerusalem, Rabbi Tovia Miller, and Rabbi Chanina Karpman, along with grandchildren and great-grandchildren." ]

[ 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ "He was widely regarded as one of the greatest kabbalists in Israel, and was an expert in the writings of the Arizal and the \"siddur\" of the Rashash." ]

[ "The potential of the Tenryū River valley for hydroelectric power development was realized by the Meiji government at the start of the 20th century.", "The Tenryū River was characterized by a high volume of flow and a fast current.", "Its mountainous upper reaches and tributaries were areas of steep valleys and abundant rainfall, and were sparsely populated.", "However, the bulk of investment in hydroelectric power generation in the region was centered on the Ōi River, and it was not until the Taishō period that development began on the Tenryū River.", "Private entrepreneur Fukuzawa Momosuke founded the , which later became before it was nationalized into the pre-war government monopoly in 1938.", "The first dam on the main stream of the Tenryu River, the Yasuoka Dam was completed in 1935.", "This was followed by the Iwakura Dam in 1938.", "The Hiraoka Dam was started in 1938, but not completed until 1951 due to the start of World War II.", "After the end of World War II, the American occupation authorities ordered the dissolution of Nippon Hassoden, which was divided into regional power companies.", "Central Japan came under Chubu Electric Power, which inherited the various dams and projects on the Tenryū River, all of which were located in Nagano Prefecture.", "To tap into the hydroelectric potential of the river in Shizuoka Prefecture, the government turned to the Electric Power Development Company.", "The new company, in part through foreign aid loans from the United Nations, began work on a new dam in 1952, based on plans which had begun as early as 1921.", "The main contractor for the project was Hazama Corporation, and construction was completed in 1956.", "Construction was facilitated by the steep V-shaped walls of the site, and its proximity to the Iida Line train (several stations of which had to be relocated once the reservoir began to fill.", "Construction also involved the relocation of 240 households with 296 families.", "The official opening ceremonies on October 28, 1957 were attended by Emperor Hirohito and Empress Kojun and was the occasion for the issuance of a commemorative postage stamp.", "Sakuma Dam is a hollow-core concrete gravity dam with several central spillways.", "It supplies water to both the Sakuma Hydroelectric Power Station and serves as the lower reservoir for the Shin-Toyone Hydroelectric Power Station, with a rated capacity of 350,000 kW and 1,200,000 kW respectively.", "The Sakuma Dam Reservoir is a popular attraction for canoeing and camping, due to its proximity to downtown Hamamatsu and ease of access.", "The surrounding area is part of the Tenryū-Okumikawa Quasi-National Park.", "The western part of Japan uses 60 Hz and the eastern part uses 50 Hz as power grid frequency.", "In 1965 an HVDC back-to-back station was installed in the city about 1 kilometre south of the power plant ().", "It was rated 300 MW with an operating voltage of ±125 kV. The converter station is connected to the 275 kV 50 Hz grid and the 275 kV level of the 60 Hz grid.", "Initially the converter used mercury arc valves manufactured by ASEA.", "In 1993 it was converted to use light triggered thyristors, which were installed in the same valve hall that had contained the mercury arc valves.", "Each inverter consists of two series-connected six pulse inverters forming a twelve pulse inverter.", "As in many other HVDC facilities, quadrivalves (serial connections of four valves forming a unit) are used.", "Each valve consists of 7 series-connected thyristors designed for a current of 2,500 A and a blocking voltage of 6 kV. Each of the two inverters uses 84 thyristors.", "The station has three transformers on the 60 Hz side.", "One transformer is the power supply of the station, and two 275 kV/55 kV transformers feed the valves.", "The transformers have their low-voltage windings connected one in a delta and other in a wye.", "All these transformers share a common tank.", "On the 50 Hz side, two 275/54 kV transformers, in separate tanks, feed the valves, again with one in delta and the other in star connection of the low-voltage windings.", "The DC smoothing reactor has an inductance of 0.12 H and is designed for a current of 2,400 A.\nOn each side filters for the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonic exist, which consist of a series connection of a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor.", "In addition, a high pass filter is used, which consists of a capacitor switched in series with a coil to which a resistor is switched in parallel." ]

[ 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 ]

[ "Nearby a frequency converter station is installed, allowing interchange of power between Japan's 50 Hz and 60 Hz AC networks." ]

[ "Upon arriving in the Twin Cities, Choy immediately involved himself in the Asian American Renaissance, an Asian American arts organization.", "He taught classes and hosted AARGH!!", ", the Asian American Cabaret with poet and performance artist David Mura.", "In 1992, Choy toured his one-man show \"Buzz Off Butterfly\" around the country.", "Under the auspices of the performance group he founded, Asian Pacific American Renegades, he also directed and organized the large scale Asian American performance presentation at the Walker Art Center, \"Miss Appropriated.\"", "He is discussed in Dorinne K. Kondo's \"About Face,\" and Linda Frye Burnham's \"High Performance\" as well as David A. Schlossman's \"Actors and Activists,\" and Deborah Wong's \"Speak it Louder\".", "In 1993, Choy, along with Juliana Pegues, staged a protest at the Minnesota Opera performance of Madama Butterfly.", "Choy and Pegues protested inside the theater during the performance and were arrested for disorderly conduct.", "Although Choy was dressed in women's clothing, erroneous press accounts stated that he was naked.", "The two were ordered to pay a $25 fine.", "In 1994, Choy received $5,000 as part of the Playwright's Center Jerome Fellowship in Minnesota.", "The program stated that he used the grant \"for three months of travel and study in the Hawaiian Islands,\" researching and interviewing the family members and island natives, \"focusing on disenfranchisement and the disappearance of island culture due to industrialization, white settlement, tourism and environmental racism.", "\"\nChoy founded and was co-chair of PAVE (Pan Asian Voices for Equality) and the Miss Saigon Protest Committee with Rita Nakashima Brock.", "Choy is the author of the novel \"My Loveable Combustible Asian American Nuclear Family\" and his video blog, \"From Chaos to Love: \"My Loveable Combustible Asian American Nuclear Family\" journey.", "He is the creator of the journalistic dialectic, \"Living with Bill and Rob,\" an ongoing research project which explores the link between racism and mental illness and how those both are unflinchingly harnessed as a viable excuse for lack of human and community involvement and participation.", "Choy traversed those manifestations in a roommate situation with the titular subjects.", "His screenplay \"Lazy Susan\" won first place in the Boulder Asian Film Festival in 2005.", "Choy is the producer and founder of Breaking the Bow: The Independent Asian Pacific Islander Performing Artists and Writers Festival.", "The 1st festival was held October 22–25, 2009.", "The festival was produced by Mavericks of Asian Pacific Islander Descent (MAPID).", "Choy founded MAPID.", "Choy co-organized ID Film Fest and the Asian American Independent Features Conference with Quentin Lee and Koji Steven Sakai in October 2010 at the Japanese American National Museum, continuing with his Battle of the Pitches competition along with the API TV Pilot Shootout and a Filmmaker's Crash Course.", "He has moderated panels at Wondercon and Comic-Con." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]

[ "Ken Choy is an American writer of Chinese-Native Hawaiian ethnicity." ]

[ "Turner was born at Woodstock in Oxfordshire.", "His father, also named Charles, was an excise officer, and his mother, Jane was a former paid companion to the Duchess of Marlborough at Blenheim Palace.", "Following his father's death, his mother returned to the Duchess's service, with the result that Turner had access to the gallery at the palace.", "He moved to London in about 1789, where he worked for John Boydell, a major print publisher, and enrolled in the Royal Academy Schools.", "He made his first mezzotint in 1795, working from a portrait of John Kirby, the keeper of Newgate, painted by his friend John James Masquerier, and immediately afterwards produced a stipple engraving after a portrait of Joshua Reynolds.", "Turner's biographer, Alfred Whitman, dismisses a tradition in the artist's family that he was apprenticed to George Jones, who was in fact younger than Turner, but suggests that he may have come under the influence of George Jones' father John Jones, who was a notable exponent both of mezzotint and stipple, without making any mention of any formal apprenticeship.", "In 1798 he was employed by the publisher Edward Orme to produce the first plates for his \"transparencies\", a new type of varnished and coloured print designed to be illuminated from behind.", "In 1801 he issued, with great success, a print of Napoleon, apparently based on a portrait by Masquerier painted on a visit to Paris, and was involved in the exhibition of a gigantic painting, \"Bonaparte Reviewing the Consular Guards\", also ostensibly by Masquerier.", "Turner's annotated copy of the exhibition catalogue, however, indicates that there was an element of deception to the enterprise, and that Masquerier had never in fact seen Napoleon.", "Turner himself had executed much of the painting.", "While a student at the Royal Academy, he had become a friend of J.M.W. Turner (to whom he was not related), and in 1806 he made a mezzotint of his \"Shipwreck\".", "This ambitious plate – 82 cm across.", "– was the first individual print to be made after one of the artist's paintings.", "In that year he also began work on the \"Liber Studiorum\", working in mezzotint over outlines etched by J.M.W. Turner.", "After the issue of the first part he also took over as publisher.", "The two men worked closely on the plates, J.M.W. Turner adding new ideas to the proofs as the work progressed.", "Charles Turner continued to work on the project until 1809, when a quarrel over money led to the end of the arrangement: according to his own account, the two men did not speak for the next 19 years.", "He did however engrave and publish a plate after J.M.W. Turner's \"Vesuvius in Eruption\" in 1815, and engraved five plates for the artist's \"Rivers of England\" from 1823 onwards.", "The relationship seems eventually to have been mended, and Charles Turner was one of the executors of J. M. W. Turner's will.", "Although predominantly working in mezzotint, Turner also produced stipple engravings, aquatints, and etchings.", "The mezzotints themselves were worked over an etched background.", "Although his work covers a wide range of genres, his main interest was portraiture; Whitman lists 637 portraits, out of a total of 921 prints.", "He was exceptionally prolific, his ability to produce work quickly allowing him to successfully exploit the market for images of people were currently attracting public attention.", "He was appointed \"Mezzotinto Engraver in Ordinary to his Majesty\" in 1812 and was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1828.", "Up to that point he had only exhibited paintings and drawings at the Academy, but from then on also showed prints.", "From about 1836 his output declined, and he exhibited no more mezzotints after 1843.", "He died at his home on, Warren Street, London, on 1 August 1857 and was buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 ]

[ "Charles Turner (31 August 1774, Woodstock, Oxfordshire – London 1 August 1857) was an English mezzotint engraver and draughtsman who specialized in portraiture.", "He collaborated with J. M. W. Turner (to whom he was not related) on the early plates of the same's \"Liber Studiorum\"." ]

[ "The potential of the Tenryū River valley for hydroelectric power development was realized by the Meiji government at the start of the 20th century.", "The Tenryū River was characterized by a high volume of flow and a fast current.", "Its mountainous upper reaches and tributaries were areas of steep valleys and abundant rainfall, and were sparsely populated.", "However, the bulk of investment in hydroelectric power generation in the region was centered on the Ōi River, and it was not until the Taishō period that development began on the Tenryū River.", "With the completion of the Sakuma Dam, one of the tallest dams in Japan, on the main stream of the Tenryū River, developers turned their eyes to the confluence of the Ōnyugawa (大入川), a major tributary of the Tenryū River, and the Ōchisegawa (大千瀬川) in Aichi Prefecture.", "The Ōnyugawa was also of interest in that it was prone to flooding.", "Preliminary design work began in 1962, with construction beginning in 1969 after some opposition from the 100 households who needed to be relocated, and over increasing controversy regarding the issues of dams on the Tenryū and Ōi rivers rapidly filling with sand and silt from the mountains upstream, with the resultant reduction of the amount of sand and silt reaching the river mouth creating problems with coastal erosion.", "Construction was completed by the Kumagai Gumi in August 1973.", "The Shintoyone Dam is a concrete arch dam with a height of meters and a length of .", "It impounds a reservoir called with a surface area of .", "The catchment basin for the reservoir is square kilometers.", "The reservoir is connected by two tunnels to the pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant constructed next to the Sakuma Dam which creates the lower reservoir of the scheme.", "The Shintone Dam Reservoir is a popular attraction as the surrounding area is part of the Tenryū-Okumikawa Quasi-National Park." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "The Shintoyone Dam (新豊根ダム) is a multipurpose dam in the village of Toyone in the Aichi Prefecture of Japan." ]

[ "Graham was born in Chicago, Illinois; but he was raised in Lima, Ohio and Milwaukee, Wisconsin.", "During World War II, he served in the Army Air Forces in Iran.", "After the war, he worked with his father developing a variable speed drive transmission for electric motors.", "Father and son ran a small manufacturing business in Minominnee, Minnesota, until the younger Graham embarked on a career of public service.", "Graham was awarded a bachelor's degree in engineering from Cornell University in 1942.", "He earned a master's degree in education from Catholic University in 1970; and he continued his studies, earning a Ph.D. in philosophy in 1972 from what was then the \"Union Graduate School\", now the Union Institute and University in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "In 1961, Graham became the deputy of Sargent Shriver, the first director of the Peace Corps; and then he left Washington to serve as the Peace Corps country director in Tunisia (1963–1965).", "In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson named Graham as one of the first Commissioners of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.", "He was readily confirmed by Congress.", "He was a registered Republican in 1965—he later changed party affiliation—and he was named to EEOC to add political balance.", "Among other activities, he was prominent in promoting the EEOC guidelines, including those prohibiting discrimination on the basis of gender.", "He would later say he \"learned on the job\" to become a feminist; and soon became one of the more outspoken commissioners along with the only female member, Aileen Hernandez, a future NOW founder and president.", "He was the founding vice president of the National Organization for Women when it was first organized in 1966.", "He was a male supporter of women's rights at a time when such public support was less common; and, according to the 2007 NOW President Kim Gandy, Graham's decision to become a leader of the organization in its infancy gave NOW a certain level of credibility.", "In 1966, he was sworn in as the first director of the National Teachers Corps, with an underfunded initial budget of $7.5 million for 1,250 teachers in 125 schools.", "This meant that from the outset, Graham's top priority became lobbying Congress for additional appropriations to bridge the gap between the program's funding and its projected per capita costs of $8,100 per teacher.", "By 1968, the Teacher Corps had expanded into 200 schools; and the program had earned modest bi-partisan support.", "Graham continued to head the Teacher Corps in the early years of the Nixon administration until early 1971.", "In the mid-1970s, he became director of the Center for Moral Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.", "He served as President of Goddard College in Plainfield, Vermont (1975–1976); and he helped found the Goddard-Cambridge Center for Social Change.", "From the mid-1980s until his death, Graham was an adviser to the Council for Research in Values and Philosophy in Washington, D.C.\nDick Graham married Nancy Aring Graham on December 21, 1949 and enjoyed 57 years of marriage until his death in 2007.", "Together they raised five children:", "Peggy Sue (Busy), Charles Louis (Hoey), Richard (Dicker), Nan and John." ]

[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 ]

[ "He was the founding director of the National Teachers Corps", "He was also one of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW), becoming one of its initial officers." ]

[ "Gotthard Sachsenberg was born in Rosslau, north of the Elbe River near Dessau, Germany on 6 December 1891.", "After his initial schooling, he attended the gymnasium in Eisenach for secondary schooling preparatory to entering university.", "His major was economics.", "He volunteered for seagoing service and became a sea cadet on the cruiser on 1 April 1913.", "In 1914, promotion to \"Fähnrich zur See\" and transfer to the battleship followed.", "He received the Iron Cross First Class in August, 1915 as an officer candidate, for his excellence as an artillery spotter.", "However, Sachsenberg} was fascinated by aircraft and in December 1915 transferred to the air service.", "He was posted to \"Marine Feldflieger Abteilung II\" as a \"Fähnrich zur See\" observer.", "He was promoted to \"Leutnant\" in early 1916.", "He then served as an instructor for observers.", "He underwent pilot training at Johannisthal, qualifying as a pilot.", "He then returned to MFA II to fly a Fokker Eindecker.", "On 1 February 1917, Sachsenberg succeeded \"Oberleutnant\" von Santen as commanding officer of \"Marine Feld Jasta I\".", "MFJ II was organized somewhat later, and the two were combined into a larger unit, \"Marine Jagdgruppe Flandern\".", "\"Leutnant zur See\" Sachsenberg was appointed its commanding officer.", "His friend and rival ace Theo Osterkamp became commander of MGJ II.", "MFJ III was later raised and added to the larger unit.", "Still later, two more MFJs were raised and added to the parent unit, bringing its strength up to about 50 fighter planes, comparable to an army \"Jagdgeschwader\".", "Stationed on North Sea coastal airfields, the MFJ units often fought against Royal Naval Air Service aircraft who were stationed in similar circumstances.", "Sachsenberg opened his score as a fighter pilot, downing a Farman and a Sopwith 1½ Strutter on 1 May 1917.", "He scored again on the 12th, claiming a Sopwith Pup into the sea, and then notching a double victory on 7 June to make him an ace.", "On 20 August, Sachsenberg was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern.", "By the end of 1917, his victory roll stood at eight.", "He claimed his ninth victory on 17 March 1918, and continued to score steadily until 29 October 1918, when he downed his 31st confirmed.", "Midway through this run, Sachsenberg was awarded Prussia's and Germany's highest decoration, the \"Pour le Mérite\", on 5 August 1918.", "The MJF switched from the Albatros to Fokker D.VIIs in June 1918.", "They were as colorfully and distinctively marked as Manfred von Richthofen's \"Flying Circus\" (\"Jagdgeschwader\" I), with the basic color scheme being yellow and black, as a yellow and black checkerboard had been Sachsenberg's personal motif, and it was spread to the entire unit, with minor variations marking the different pilots.", "Sachsenberg formed \"Kampfgeschwader Sachsenberg\" in January 1919, consisting of 700 personnel.", "Several of them were fellow World War I aces, such as Theo Osterkamp, Josef Jacobs, and Alexander Zenzes.", "Based at Riga, Latvia, it gave aerial support to the \"Freikorps\", fighting Russian communist forces on the Baltic borders of Germany.", "It was successful in establishing air superiority over its opponent, and mainly flew ground support missions on behalf of the Freikorps.", "He then joined with Professor Hugo Junkers, whose aircraft he had used in the Baltic, to found Aero Lloyd Airlines.", "Another business interest of Sachsenberg's was his brother's shipyard, building river craft and small coastal ships.", "Sachsenberg became interested in politics and was elected to the German Parliament.", "He represented Liegnitz from July 1932 onwards.", "His taking a pacifist stance, not to mention his Jewish family members, made him anathema to the Nazis.", "He wrote and published articles decrying Germany's military buildup toward war, and especially its establishment of the Luftwaffe.", "He predicted it would bring war home to German families and German soil.", "In retribution for his voiced 'defeatism', the Nazis held a secret trial in absentia.", "Sentenced to death despite being a Member of Parliament, he was allowed to escape on his way to the firing squad and wasn't rearrested.", "Sachsenberg escaped the consequences of the conviction because his family shipyard was producing military ships.", "In the mid-1930s, Sachsenberg allied himself with hydrofoil ship pioneer Hanns von Schertel.", "Hydrofoil ship speeds of more than 30 knots, faster than any warships then on water, attracted attention from the German Ministry of Transportation and Finance, the German Navy, and German Air Force.", "Commercial exploitation of the hydrofoil was cut short by World War II.", "Several military hydrofoils of differing sizes, with speeds up to 60 knots, were acquired during World War II.", "However, they were only prototypes, and most fell prey to war damage of some sort.", "The end of World War II brought the Russian occupation of Dessau, and their acquisition of the shipyard.", "Sachsenberg and Shertel set up a new hydrofoil operation named Supramar in Switzerland.", "In 1953, they finally saw the first commercial hydrofoil in operation between Ascona, Switzerland, and Arona, Italy, on Lake Maggiore.", "The hydrofoil concept gradually spread worldwide, but Sachsenberg did not live to see its general use.", "He died in Bremen on 23 August 1961.", "Notes\nBibliography" ]

[ 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 ]

[ "In later life, he founded the airline \"Deutscher Aero Lloyd\", became an anti-Nazi member of the German parliament, and also became a pioneering designer of hydrofoils." ]

[ "The station was opened by the Great Northern Railway and became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923, passing on to the Eastern Region of British Railways during the nationalisation of 1948.", "It was then closed by British Railways on 5 August 1952.", "Trains still pass at speed on the now electrified East Coast Main Line." ]

[ 2 ]

[ "It was served by trains on the main line between Doncaster and York." ]

[ "WADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "The command was originally assigned the region within the Continental United States (CONUS) to the west of the 102d degree of longitude, from the Canada–US border in the north to the Rio Grande border between the United States and Mexico in the south and west to the Pacific Ocean coastline.", "This was adjusted in 1951 with the activation of Central Air Defense Force (CADF) with the region being adjusted slightly to the west to the border of Montana and North Dakota at the Canada–US border, south along the eastern borders of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico to the Mexico–US border.", "Organizations stationed east of that boundary were transferred to CADF.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the west of the 114th degree of longitude, roughly along the eastern borders of Idaho, Nevada and California from the Canada–US border in the north to the Mexico–US border in the south.", "Organizations stationed east of that boundary were transferred to CADF, whose region was shifted westward.", "Western Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 25th or 28th Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Discontinued July 1, 1960", "Stationed at McClellan AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 May 1954\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 May 1955\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 8 October 1954\n Inactivated on 15 August 1958\n Stationed at Silver Lake, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Fourth Air Force, 1 February 1950\n Moved to McChord AFB, Washington, 15 September 1951\n Re-designated 25th Air Division (SAGE), 1 March 1959\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 20 September 1950\n Inactivated on 1 October 1959\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Re-designated 28th Air Division (SAGE), 1 July 1960\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Great Falls AFB, Montana\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 March 1951\n Great Falls AFB renamed Malmstrom AFB, Montana, 1 October 1955\n Re-designated 29th Air Division (SAGE), 1 July 1960\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Assigned to Kirtland AFB, New Mexico\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 5 January 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 15 February 1953", "Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from 27th Air Division, 1 October 1959\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Luke AFB, Arizona\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 15 June 1959\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960", "Stationed at George AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to Third Air Force (USAFE), 22 August 1951\n Federalized Maine Air National Guard\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 2 August 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Oregon Air National Guard, 2 March 1951\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 11 April 1951\n Stationed at McChord AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Air Defense Command, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at McClellan AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from 8th Air Division (AEW&Con), 1 July 1957\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 1 November 1952\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Discontinued 7 April 1952\n Stationed at McChord AFB, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 1 December 1952\n Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Discontinued 1 March 1952\n Stationed at Yuma County Airport, Arizona\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 September 1953\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 October 1953", "Federalized Washington Air National Guard, 12 May 1951\n Assigned to Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 25 June 1951", "Federalized Alabama Air National Guard, 20 January 1952\n Assigned to Geiger Field, Washington\n Assigned to WADF, 17 March 1952-16 February 1953\n Assigned to Puntzi Mountain AS, British Columbia\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-1 January 1953\n Assigned to Baldy Hughes AS, British Columbia\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-16 February 1953\n Assigned to Saskatoon Mountain AS, Alberta\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-16 February 1953" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]

[ "The Western Air Defense Force (WADF) is an inactive United States Air Force organization.", "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Hamilton Air Force Base, California.", "It was inactivated on July 1, 1960." ]

[ "WADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "The command was originally assigned the region within the Continental United States (CONUS) to the west of the 102d degree of longitude, from the Canada–US border in the north to the Rio Grande border between the United States and Mexico in the south and west to the Pacific Ocean coastline.", "This was adjusted in 1951 with the activation of Central Air Defense Force (CADF) with the region being adjusted slightly to the west to the border of Montana and North Dakota at the Canada–US border, south along the eastern borders of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico to the Mexico–US border.", "Organizations stationed east of that boundary were transferred to CADF.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the west of the 114th degree of longitude, roughly along the eastern borders of Idaho, Nevada and California from the Canada–US border in the north to the Mexico–US border in the south.", "Organizations stationed east of that boundary were transferred to CADF, whose region was shifted westward.", "Western Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 25th or 28th Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Discontinued July 1, 1960", "Stationed at McClellan AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 May 1954\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 May 1955\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 8 October 1954\n Inactivated on 15 August 1958\n Stationed at Silver Lake, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Fourth Air Force, 1 February 1950\n Moved to McChord AFB, Washington, 15 September 1951\n Re-designated 25th Air Division (SAGE), 1 March 1959\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 20 September 1950\n Inactivated on 1 October 1959\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Re-designated 28th Air Division (SAGE), 1 July 1960\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Great Falls AFB, Montana\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 March 1951\n Great Falls AFB renamed Malmstrom AFB, Montana, 1 October 1955\n Re-designated 29th Air Division (SAGE), 1 July 1960\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Assigned to Kirtland AFB, New Mexico\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 5 January 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 15 February 1953", "Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from 27th Air Division, 1 October 1959\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Luke AFB, Arizona\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 15 June 1959\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960", "Stationed at George AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to Third Air Force (USAFE), 22 August 1951\n Federalized Maine Air National Guard\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 2 August 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Oregon Air National Guard, 2 March 1951\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 11 April 1951\n Stationed at McChord AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Air Defense Command, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at McClellan AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from 8th Air Division (AEW&Con), 1 July 1957\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 1 November 1952\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Discontinued 7 April 1952\n Stationed at McChord AFB, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 1 December 1952\n Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Discontinued 1 March 1952\n Stationed at Yuma County Airport, Arizona\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 September 1953\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 October 1953", "Federalized Washington Air National Guard, 12 May 1951\n Assigned to Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 25 June 1951", "Federalized Alabama Air National Guard, 20 January 1952\n Assigned to Geiger Field, Washington\n Assigned to WADF, 17 March 1952-16 February 1953\n Assigned to Puntzi Mountain AS, British Columbia\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-1 January 1953\n Assigned to Baldy Hughes AS, British Columbia\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-16 February 1953\n Assigned to Saskatoon Mountain AS, Alberta\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-16 February 1953" ]

[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]

[ "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Hamilton Air Force Base, California." ]

[ "WADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "The command was originally assigned the region within the Continental United States (CONUS) to the west of the 102d degree of longitude, from the Canada–US border in the north to the Rio Grande border between the United States and Mexico in the south and west to the Pacific Ocean coastline.", "This was adjusted in 1951 with the activation of Central Air Defense Force (CADF) with the region being adjusted slightly to the west to the border of Montana and North Dakota at the Canada–US border, south along the eastern borders of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico to the Mexico–US border.", "Organizations stationed east of that boundary were transferred to CADF.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the west of the 114th degree of longitude, roughly along the eastern borders of Idaho, Nevada and California from the Canada–US border in the north to the Mexico–US border in the south.", "Organizations stationed east of that boundary were transferred to CADF, whose region was shifted westward.", "Western Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 25th or 28th Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Discontinued July 1, 1960", "Stationed at McClellan AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 May 1954\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 May 1955\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 8 October 1954\n Inactivated on 15 August 1958\n Stationed at Silver Lake, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Fourth Air Force, 1 February 1950\n Moved to McChord AFB, Washington, 15 September 1951\n Re-designated 25th Air Division (SAGE), 1 March 1959\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 20 September 1950\n Inactivated on 1 October 1959\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Re-designated 28th Air Division (SAGE), 1 July 1960\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Great Falls AFB, Montana\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 March 1951\n Great Falls AFB renamed Malmstrom AFB, Montana, 1 October 1955\n Re-designated 29th Air Division (SAGE), 1 July 1960\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1960\n Assigned to Kirtland AFB, New Mexico\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 5 January 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 15 February 1953", "Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from 27th Air Division, 1 October 1959\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Luke AFB, Arizona\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 15 June 1959\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960", "Stationed at George AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force, 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to Third Air Force (USAFE), 22 August 1951\n Federalized Maine Air National Guard\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 2 August 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Oregon Air National Guard, 2 March 1951\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 11 April 1951\n Stationed at McChord AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from Air Defense Command, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at McClellan AFB, California\n Re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force from 8th Air Division (AEW&Con), 1 July 1957\n Re-assigned to 28th Air Division, 1 July 1960\n Stationed at Hamilton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 1 November 1952\n Stationed at Larson AFB, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Discontinued 7 April 1952\n Stationed at McChord AFB, Washington\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 1 December 1952\n Stationed at Norton AFB, California\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 February 1952\n Discontinued 1 March 1952\n Stationed at Yuma County Airport, Arizona\n Activated by Western Air Defense Force, 1 September 1953\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 October 1953", "Federalized Washington Air National Guard, 12 May 1951\n Assigned to Larson AFB, Washington\n Re-assigned to 25th Air Division, 25 June 1951", "Federalized Alabama Air National Guard, 20 January 1952\n Assigned to Geiger Field, Washington\n Assigned to WADF, 17 March 1952-16 February 1953\n Assigned to Puntzi Mountain AS, British Columbia\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-1 January 1953\n Assigned to Baldy Hughes AS, British Columbia\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-16 February 1953\n Assigned to Saskatoon Mountain AS, Alberta\n Assigned to WADF, 16 April 1952-16 February 1953" ]

[ 10 ]

[ "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Hamilton Air Force Base, California." ]

[ "Upon its release, \"Halfway House\" was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics.", "AllHipHop's Greg Watkins gave the album a seven out of ten, saying, \"While \"Halfway House\" takes a slight dip from the high standards set forth by the Mood [Muzik] series, it is still a respectable effort.", "Joe Budden proves that he is still one of the game’s[sic] best kept secrets regardless of a release date.\"", "Nathan S. of DJBooth.net gave the album a four out of five, saying, \"Joe Budden is to album delays what Snoop is to weed smoking – just about everyone does it now and again, but not like these guys.", "These delays seemingly stem from Budden's refusal to put out an inferior product, which is what makes him so good, but that kind of perfectionism can be paralyzing.", "Let's just hope the next time we hear from Budden it will be because he released \"Padded Room\", not ended up in one.", "\"\nTC of The Smoking Section gave the album a 3.5 out of five, saying, \"Much to Budden's credit, \"Halfway House\" serves as one his more focused offerings, allowing more room for song structure opposed to the long-winded diatribes he's made his forte.", "Still with yet another album completed stuffed with mood music, and one named \"Padded Room\" looming on the horizon, the prognosis for the removal of the straitjacket that allows him to be Joe Budden while simultaneously restraining his artistic growth, is still to be determined.\"", "Punknews.org reviewer, Anchors, gave the album five stars out of five, saying \"That never-quit attitude has been Budden's trademark for years, and it makes him somewhat of an anomaly in 2008.", "There's no niche for that kind of approach.", "He's too intelligent for the gangsta-rap tag and too gangsta for the backrap-rap title.", "He's an East Coast rapper with Tupac's West Coast introspection.", "He's a Jersey City rapper with Biggie's Brooklyn storytelling.", "\"\nNotes", "Sample credits" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]

[ "\"Halfway House\" was released when Joe Budden's fourth studio album, \"Padded Room\", had been pushed back." ]

[ "On August 1, 1953, six actors, two children, a dog and two pigs moved into a historic ruin called Hanover Tavern.", "The transplanted New Yorkers founded Central Virginia’s first professional theatre, and named the company in memory of a deceased college friend, Barbara Barksdale.", "When they learned that their new neighbors looked forward to eating on evenings out, they combined favorite recipes and created the nation’s first dinner theater.", "They lived upstairs, performed downstairs, and served hearty meals in the historic rooms that fell in between.", "During the first six years, four of the original founders moved on, leaving Pete Kilgore, Muriel McAuley and newcomer (and newly-wed)", "Nancy Kilgore firmly in charge.", "In the seasons that followed, Pete, Muriel and Nancy produced Greater Richmond’s first professional productions of plays by Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Eugene O’Neill, George Bernard Shaw, Noël Coward, Thornton Wilder, William Inge and Edward Albee.", "They also became dynamic civic leaders.", "In defiance of Jim Crow laws., Barksdale was Virginia’s first performing arts organization to open its doors to integrated audiences.", "Barksdale launched Greater Richmond’s first “studio season,” converting an old country store into an experimental theatre.", "Barksdale conducted Virginia’s first professional theatre classes for children.", "In 1973, Barksdale produced Virginia’s first professional play based on African American experience, Lorraine Hansberry’s To Be Young, Gifted and Black.", "In support of their theatrical mission, Pete, Muriel and Nancy continued the endless task of restoring the Tavern.", "In 1990, the Tavern was sold to the Hanover Tavern Foundation.", "In 1993, Pete, Muriel and Nancy retired after 40 years of exemplary service.", "John Glenn was named Artistic Director.", "In 1996, to accommodate a full restoration of its beloved home, Barksdale left the Tavern for new facilities at Willow Lawn.", "In 1997, John Glenn left to pursue other opportunities, and Randy Strawderman was hired to replace him.", "In 2001, leadership was transferred to Bruce Miller and Phil Whiteway, Artistic Director and Managing Director, respectively.", "Under their leadership, the company’s reputation for artistic excellence continued to grow.", "Subscriptions increased by 700%, and after a ten-year separation, Barksdale returned theatrical programming to Hanover Tavern in January 2006, initiating a four-play Country Playhouse Season designed to complement its five-play Signature Season at Willow Lawn.", "Bruce and Phil had also held the positions of Founding Artistic Director and Founding Managing Director at Theatre IV since 1975.", "After the leadership of Barksdale was transferred to them in 2001, Barksdale Theatre and Theatre IV shared a common staff.", "In 2012, Barksdale Theatre and Theatre IV merged to become Virginia Repertory Theatre.", "For the full list of Barksdale Theatre productions from 1953 to the most recent post-merger seasons as Virginia Repertory Theatre's Barksdale Season at Hanover Tavern, see \nVirginia Repertory Theatre: Past Productions\nThe seasons leading up to the merger of Barksdale and Theatre IV included the following:\n2011–2012 Signature Season\nPresented at Willow Lawn and the Empire Theatre (now known as the November Theatre)\n\"Lend Me a Tenor\", by Ken Ludwig (September 9 - October 16, 2011)\n\"My Fair Lady\", music by Frederick Loewe, lyrics & book by Alan Jay Lerner (November 25, 2011 - January 8, 2012) - presented at the historic Empire Theatre in celebration of its 100th Anniversary\n\"God of Carnage\", by Yasmina Reza, translated by Christopher Hampton (February 3 - March 11, 2012)\n\"Scorched Earth\", by David Robbins, WORLD PREMIERE (April 13 - May 20, 2012)\n\"Spring Awakening\", book & lyrics by Steven Sater, music by Duncan Sheik (June 15 - July 22, 2012) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2011–2012 Hanover Tavern Season\n\"Becky's New Car\", by Steven Dietz (September 23 - November 6, 2011)\n\"Blue Ridge Mountain Christmas\", by Bruce Craig Miller, musical arrangements by H. Drew Perkins, WORLD PREMIERE (November 25, 2011 - January 8, 2012)\n\"Always...Patsy Cline\", written and originally directed by Ted Swindley, based on a true story (January 20 - March 25, 2012)\n\"Relatively Speaking\", by Alan Ayckbourn (July 13 - August 12, 2012)\n2010–2011 Signature Season\n\"Shipwrecked!\", by Donald Margulies (September 17 - October 24, 2010)\n\"White Christmas\", music and lyrics by Irving Berlin, book by David Ives and Paul Blake (November 19 - January 9, 2011) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n\"Legacy of Light\", by Karen Zacarias (February 4 - March 13, 2011)\n\"Circle Mirror Transformation\", by Annie Baker (April 15 - May 22, 2011)\n\"Dirty Rotten Scoundrels\", music & lyrics by David Yazbek, book by Jeffrey Lane (June 17 - August 7, 2011) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2009–2010 Signature Season\n\"Boleros for the Disenchanted\", by José Rivera (September 18 – October 25, 2009)\n\"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\", by Rachel Sheinkin and William Finn (November 20 – January 17, 2010)\n\"The Grapes of Wrath\", by Frank Galati (February 12 – March 21, 2010)\n\"Is He Dead?\", by Mark Twain (April 16 – May 23, 2010)\n\"The Sound of Music\", music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse (June 4 – July 4, 2010) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2008–2009 Signature Season\n\"The Clean House\", by Sarah Ruhl (September 26 – November 2, 2008)\n\"The Wonderful Life\", by Steve Murray, conceived by Mark Setlock (November 28 – January 11, 2009)\n\"Children of a Lesser God\", by Mark Medoff (February 6 – March 22, 2009)\n\"Well\", by Lisa Kron (April 17 – May 24, 2009)\n\"Thoroughly Modern Millie\", book by Richard Henry Morris, music by Jeanine Tesori, new lyrics by Dick Scanlan (June 19 – August 2, 2009) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2007–2008 Signature Season\n\"The Member of the Wedding\", by Carson McCullers (September 21 – October 28, 2007)\n\"Moonlight and Magnolias\", by Ron Hutchinson (November 23 – January 20, 2008)\n\"Doubt\", by John Patrick Shanley (February 15 – March 16, 2008)\n\"The Little Dog Laughed\", by Douglas Carter Beane (April 11 – May 18, 2008)\n\"Guys and Dolls\", by Frank Loesser (June 13 – August 17, 2008) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2006–2007 Signature Season\n\"The Constant Wife\", by Somerset Maugham (September 22 – October 29, 2006)\n\"Mame\", book by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, music and lyrics by Jerry Herman (November 17 – January 28, 2007)\n\"Brooklyn Boy\", by Donald Margulies (February 16 – March 25, 2007)\n\"Intimate Apparel\", by Lynn Nottage (April 13 – May 20, 2007)\n\"Into the Woods\", book by James Lapine, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim (June 15 – August 12, 2007)\n2005–2006 Signature Season", "\"The Drawer Boy\", by Michael Healey (September 23 – November 6, 2005)\n\"Scapino!\", adapted by Frank Dunlop and Jim Dale (November 25 - January 22, 2006)\n\"The Lark\", by Jean Anouilh, adapted by Lillian Hellman (February 10 – April 2, 2006)\n\"The Syringa Tree\", by Pamela Gein (April 21 – Mary 21, 2006)\n\"The Full Monty\", book by Terrence McNally, music and lyrics by David Yazbek (June 9 – August 13, 2006)\nSince the Hanover Tavern re-opened in 2006, Barksdale has also offered a series of shows presented at the Hanover Tavern, in addition to its Signature Season.", "These seasons include:\n2011 Hanover Season \n\"A Thousand Clowns\" by Herb Gardner \n\"Boeing, Boing\", by Marc Camoletti, translated by Beverley Cross \n\"Becky's New Car\", by Steven Dietz\n\"Blue Ridge Mountain Christmas\", (world premiere) by Bruce Craig Miller, musical arrangements by H. Drew Perkins\n2010 Hanover Season\n\"First Baptist of Ivy Gap\" by Ron Osborne \n\"Butterflies Are Free\", by Leonard Gershe \n\"On Golden Pond\", by Ernest Thompson \n\"Smoke on the Mountain Homecoming\", by Connie Ray, conceived by Alan Bailey, musical arrangements by Mike Craver \n\"Nunsense\", book, music and lyrics Dan Goggin\n2009 Hanover Season \n\"Mona’s Arrangements\" (world premiere), book by Bo Wilson, music by Steve Liebman, lyrics by Steve Liebman and Bo Wilson (February 27 – April 19, 2009)\n\"I Ought To Be In Pictures\", by Neil Simon (May 15 – June 28, 2009)\n\"Fully Committed\", by Becky Mode (July 24 – August 30, 2009)\n\"Souvenir\", by Stephen Temperley (September 25 – November 1, 2009)\n\"Bus Stop\", by William Inge (November 27 – January 10, 2010)\n2008 Hanover Season\n\"Greater Tuna\", by Jaston Williams, Joe Sears, and Ed Howard (March 28 – June 15, 2008)\n\"Shirley Valentine\", by Willy Russell (July 11 – August 24, 2008)\n\"Driving Miss Daisy\", by Alfred Uhry (September 19 – October 26, 2008)\n\"Sanders Family Christmas\", book by Connie Ray, conceived by Alan Bailey, musical Arrangements by John Foley and Gary Fagin (November 21 – March 1, 2009)\n2007 Hanover Season\n\"Smoke on the Mountain\", by Connie Ray (February 23 – April 25, 2007)\n\"The Odd Couple\", by Neil Simon (June 29 – August 12, 2007)\n\"Deathtrap\", by Ira Levin (September 14 – October 21, 2007)\n\"Swingtime Canteen\", by Linda Thorsen Bond, William Repicci and Charles Busch (November 16 – January 6, 2008)\n2006 Hanover Season\n\"Barefoot in the Park\", by Neil Simon (January 27 - March 12, 2006)\n\"No Sex Please, We're British\", by Anthony Marriott and Alistair Foot (April 28 - June 18, 2006)\n\"The Mousetrap\", by Agatha Christie (September 8 - October 29, 2006)\n\"Over the River and Through the Woods\", by Joe DiPietro (November 16, 2006 - January 7, 2007)" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 ]

[ "Barksdale Theatre merged with Theatre IV in 2012 to become Virginia Repertory Theatre.", "Barksdale Theatre in Richmond, Virginia, United States, is Central Virginia’s first nonprofit professional performing arts organization, founded in 1953 at the historic Hanover Tavern by Tom Carlin, Stewart Falconer, David 'Pete' Kilgore, Priscilla Kilgore, Muriel McAuley and Pat Sharp.", "Barksdale is recognized as Central Virginia's leading professional theatre.", "It continues on as Virginia Repertory Theatre's Barksdale Season at Hanover Tavern under the leadership of Artistic Director Nathaniel Shaw and Managing Director Phil Whiteway." ]

[ "On August 1, 1953, six actors, two children, a dog and two pigs moved into a historic ruin called Hanover Tavern.", "The transplanted New Yorkers founded Central Virginia’s first professional theatre, and named the company in memory of a deceased college friend, Barbara Barksdale.", "When they learned that their new neighbors looked forward to eating on evenings out, they combined favorite recipes and created the nation’s first dinner theater.", "They lived upstairs, performed downstairs, and served hearty meals in the historic rooms that fell in between.", "During the first six years, four of the original founders moved on, leaving Pete Kilgore, Muriel McAuley and newcomer (and newly-wed)", "Nancy Kilgore firmly in charge.", "In the seasons that followed, Pete, Muriel and Nancy produced Greater Richmond’s first professional productions of plays by Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Eugene O’Neill, George Bernard Shaw, Noël Coward, Thornton Wilder, William Inge and Edward Albee.", "They also became dynamic civic leaders.", "In defiance of Jim Crow laws., Barksdale was Virginia’s first performing arts organization to open its doors to integrated audiences.", "Barksdale launched Greater Richmond’s first “studio season,” converting an old country store into an experimental theatre.", "Barksdale conducted Virginia’s first professional theatre classes for children.", "In 1973, Barksdale produced Virginia’s first professional play based on African American experience, Lorraine Hansberry’s To Be Young, Gifted and Black.", "In support of their theatrical mission, Pete, Muriel and Nancy continued the endless task of restoring the Tavern.", "In 1990, the Tavern was sold to the Hanover Tavern Foundation.", "In 1993, Pete, Muriel and Nancy retired after 40 years of exemplary service.", "John Glenn was named Artistic Director.", "In 1996, to accommodate a full restoration of its beloved home, Barksdale left the Tavern for new facilities at Willow Lawn.", "In 1997, John Glenn left to pursue other opportunities, and Randy Strawderman was hired to replace him.", "In 2001, leadership was transferred to Bruce Miller and Phil Whiteway, Artistic Director and Managing Director, respectively.", "Under their leadership, the company’s reputation for artistic excellence continued to grow.", "Subscriptions increased by 700%, and after a ten-year separation, Barksdale returned theatrical programming to Hanover Tavern in January 2006, initiating a four-play Country Playhouse Season designed to complement its five-play Signature Season at Willow Lawn.", "Bruce and Phil had also held the positions of Founding Artistic Director and Founding Managing Director at Theatre IV since 1975.", "After the leadership of Barksdale was transferred to them in 2001, Barksdale Theatre and Theatre IV shared a common staff.", "In 2012, Barksdale Theatre and Theatre IV merged to become Virginia Repertory Theatre.", "For the full list of Barksdale Theatre productions from 1953 to the most recent post-merger seasons as Virginia Repertory Theatre's Barksdale Season at Hanover Tavern, see \nVirginia Repertory Theatre: Past Productions\nThe seasons leading up to the merger of Barksdale and Theatre IV included the following:\n2011–2012 Signature Season\nPresented at Willow Lawn and the Empire Theatre (now known as the November Theatre)\n\"Lend Me a Tenor\", by Ken Ludwig (September 9 - October 16, 2011)\n\"My Fair Lady\", music by Frederick Loewe, lyrics & book by Alan Jay Lerner (November 25, 2011 - January 8, 2012) - presented at the historic Empire Theatre in celebration of its 100th Anniversary\n\"God of Carnage\", by Yasmina Reza, translated by Christopher Hampton (February 3 - March 11, 2012)\n\"Scorched Earth\", by David Robbins, WORLD PREMIERE (April 13 - May 20, 2012)\n\"Spring Awakening\", book & lyrics by Steven Sater, music by Duncan Sheik (June 15 - July 22, 2012) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2011–2012 Hanover Tavern Season\n\"Becky's New Car\", by Steven Dietz (September 23 - November 6, 2011)\n\"Blue Ridge Mountain Christmas\", by Bruce Craig Miller, musical arrangements by H. Drew Perkins, WORLD PREMIERE (November 25, 2011 - January 8, 2012)\n\"Always...Patsy Cline\", written and originally directed by Ted Swindley, based on a true story (January 20 - March 25, 2012)\n\"Relatively Speaking\", by Alan Ayckbourn (July 13 - August 12, 2012)\n2010–2011 Signature Season\n\"Shipwrecked!\", by Donald Margulies (September 17 - October 24, 2010)\n\"White Christmas\", music and lyrics by Irving Berlin, book by David Ives and Paul Blake (November 19 - January 9, 2011) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n\"Legacy of Light\", by Karen Zacarias (February 4 - March 13, 2011)\n\"Circle Mirror Transformation\", by Annie Baker (April 15 - May 22, 2011)\n\"Dirty Rotten Scoundrels\", music & lyrics by David Yazbek, book by Jeffrey Lane (June 17 - August 7, 2011) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2009–2010 Signature Season\n\"Boleros for the Disenchanted\", by José Rivera (September 18 – October 25, 2009)\n\"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\", by Rachel Sheinkin and William Finn (November 20 – January 17, 2010)\n\"The Grapes of Wrath\", by Frank Galati (February 12 – March 21, 2010)\n\"Is He Dead?\", by Mark Twain (April 16 – May 23, 2010)\n\"The Sound of Music\", music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse (June 4 – July 4, 2010) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2008–2009 Signature Season\n\"The Clean House\", by Sarah Ruhl (September 26 – November 2, 2008)\n\"The Wonderful Life\", by Steve Murray, conceived by Mark Setlock (November 28 – January 11, 2009)\n\"Children of a Lesser God\", by Mark Medoff (February 6 – March 22, 2009)\n\"Well\", by Lisa Kron (April 17 – May 24, 2009)\n\"Thoroughly Modern Millie\", book by Richard Henry Morris, music by Jeanine Tesori, new lyrics by Dick Scanlan (June 19 – August 2, 2009) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2007–2008 Signature Season\n\"The Member of the Wedding\", by Carson McCullers (September 21 – October 28, 2007)\n\"Moonlight and Magnolias\", by Ron Hutchinson (November 23 – January 20, 2008)\n\"Doubt\", by John Patrick Shanley (February 15 – March 16, 2008)\n\"The Little Dog Laughed\", by Douglas Carter Beane (April 11 – May 18, 2008)\n\"Guys and Dolls\", by Frank Loesser (June 13 – August 17, 2008) - presented at the Empire Theatre\n2006–2007 Signature Season\n\"The Constant Wife\", by Somerset Maugham (September 22 – October 29, 2006)\n\"Mame\", book by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, music and lyrics by Jerry Herman (November 17 – January 28, 2007)\n\"Brooklyn Boy\", by Donald Margulies (February 16 – March 25, 2007)\n\"Intimate Apparel\", by Lynn Nottage (April 13 – May 20, 2007)\n\"Into the Woods\", book by James Lapine, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim (June 15 – August 12, 2007)\n2005–2006 Signature Season", "\"The Drawer Boy\", by Michael Healey (September 23 – November 6, 2005)\n\"Scapino!\", adapted by Frank Dunlop and Jim Dale (November 25 - January 22, 2006)\n\"The Lark\", by Jean Anouilh, adapted by Lillian Hellman (February 10 – April 2, 2006)\n\"The Syringa Tree\", by Pamela Gein (April 21 – Mary 21, 2006)\n\"The Full Monty\", book by Terrence McNally, music and lyrics by David Yazbek (June 9 – August 13, 2006)\nSince the Hanover Tavern re-opened in 2006, Barksdale has also offered a series of shows presented at the Hanover Tavern, in addition to its Signature Season.", "These seasons include:\n2011 Hanover Season \n\"A Thousand Clowns\" by Herb Gardner \n\"Boeing, Boing\", by Marc Camoletti, translated by Beverley Cross \n\"Becky's New Car\", by Steven Dietz\n\"Blue Ridge Mountain Christmas\", (world premiere) by Bruce Craig Miller, musical arrangements by H. Drew Perkins\n2010 Hanover Season\n\"First Baptist of Ivy Gap\" by Ron Osborne \n\"Butterflies Are Free\", by Leonard Gershe \n\"On Golden Pond\", by Ernest Thompson \n\"Smoke on the Mountain Homecoming\", by Connie Ray, conceived by Alan Bailey, musical arrangements by Mike Craver \n\"Nunsense\", book, music and lyrics Dan Goggin\n2009 Hanover Season \n\"Mona’s Arrangements\" (world premiere), book by Bo Wilson, music by Steve Liebman, lyrics by Steve Liebman and Bo Wilson (February 27 – April 19, 2009)\n\"I Ought To Be In Pictures\", by Neil Simon (May 15 – June 28, 2009)\n\"Fully Committed\", by Becky Mode (July 24 – August 30, 2009)\n\"Souvenir\", by Stephen Temperley (September 25 – November 1, 2009)\n\"Bus Stop\", by William Inge (November 27 – January 10, 2010)\n2008 Hanover Season\n\"Greater Tuna\", by Jaston Williams, Joe Sears, and Ed Howard (March 28 – June 15, 2008)\n\"Shirley Valentine\", by Willy Russell (July 11 – August 24, 2008)\n\"Driving Miss Daisy\", by Alfred Uhry (September 19 – October 26, 2008)\n\"Sanders Family Christmas\", book by Connie Ray, conceived by Alan Bailey, musical Arrangements by John Foley and Gary Fagin (November 21 – March 1, 2009)\n2007 Hanover Season\n\"Smoke on the Mountain\", by Connie Ray (February 23 – April 25, 2007)\n\"The Odd Couple\", by Neil Simon (June 29 – August 12, 2007)\n\"Deathtrap\", by Ira Levin (September 14 – October 21, 2007)\n\"Swingtime Canteen\", by Linda Thorsen Bond, William Repicci and Charles Busch (November 16 – January 6, 2008)\n2006 Hanover Season\n\"Barefoot in the Park\", by Neil Simon (January 27 - March 12, 2006)\n\"No Sex Please, We're British\", by Anthony Marriott and Alistair Foot (April 28 - June 18, 2006)\n\"The Mousetrap\", by Agatha Christie (September 8 - October 29, 2006)\n\"Over the River and Through the Woods\", by Joe DiPietro (November 16, 2006 - January 7, 2007)" ]

[ 24, 25, 26 ]

[ "Before the merger, Barksdale presented season at two home locations: Barksdale Theatre at Hanover Tavern and Barksdale Theatre at The Shops at Willow Lawn.", "Barksdale is recognized as Central Virginia's leading professional theatre." ]

[ "CADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "Central Air Defense Force (CADF) was activated as a third subordinate region under the re-established Air Defense Command in February 1951 to better organize ADC units in the Central and Southeast United States, its initial region being defined in the west as the area east of the 102nd degree of longitude, from the Canada–US border in the north to the Rio Grande border between the United States and Mexico in the south.", "The eastern boundary of the CADF was the area west of the 90th degree of longitude from the Michigan shoreline of Lake Superior south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean coastline along the Tennessee–Kentucky and Virginia–North Carolina border, with all areas south and west of those boundaries.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the east of the 114th degree of longitude, roughly along the eastern borders of Idaho, Nevada and California from the Canada–US border in the north to the Mexican border in the south.", "The southeast region east of the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico was reassigned to EADF.", "Central Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 29th, 30th or 33rd Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Activated on 1 March 1951\n Inactivated on 1 July 1960", "Site re-designated: Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri, 27 April 1957 – July 1, 1960", "Activated at: Grandview AFB, Missouri on 8 October 1955\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Site re-designated: Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri, 27 April 1957\n Inactivate on 1 July 1960\n Stationed at: Great Falls AFB, Montana\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Western Air Defense Force (WADF)\n Site re-designated: Malmstrom AFB, 15 June 1956\n Re-designated 29th Air Division (SAGE) and reassigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 20 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)", "Inactivated 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Tinker AFB, Oklahoma, 20 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Moved to Oklahoma City AFS, 1 July 1956\n Re-designated 33d Air Division (SAGE) and reassigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, 16 February 1953\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Western Air Defense Force (WADF)\n Inactivated 1 January 1960\n Activated at: Kansas City, Missouri on 1 July 1951\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Moved to Dobbins AFB, Georgia on 1 September 1951\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 10 April 1955", "Federalized Indiana Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Baer Field, Indiana\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 1 December 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 7 February 1952\n Federalized Wisconsin Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)", "Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Minnesota Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Holman Field, Minnesota\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Moved to Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, 28 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952", "Federalized Pennsylvania Air National Guard, 16 January 1952\n Stationed at New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Personnel used to fill vacancies in the 35th Air Division; inactivated 6 February 1952\n Federalized Oklahoma Air National Guard, 1 June 1951\n Stationed at Tinker AFB, Oklahoma\n Attached to 33d Air Division, 19 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized California Air National Guard, 28 January 1952\n Stationed at Berkeley, California, assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Personnel used to fill vacancies in numerous CADF units; inactivated 6 February 1952\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Stationed at Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to 31st Air Division (Defense), 10 July 1951\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Stationed at Grandview AFB, Missouri\n Re-assigned to 33d Air Division, 2 March 1954" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "The Central Air Defense Force (CADF) is an inactive United States Air Force organization.", "It was inactivated on July 1, 1960." ]

[ "CADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "Central Air Defense Force (CADF) was activated as a third subordinate region under the re-established Air Defense Command in February 1951 to better organize ADC units in the Central and Southeast United States, its initial region being defined in the west as the area east of the 102nd degree of longitude, from the Canada–US border in the north to the Rio Grande border between the United States and Mexico in the south.", "The eastern boundary of the CADF was the area west of the 90th degree of longitude from the Michigan shoreline of Lake Superior south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean coastline along the Tennessee–Kentucky and Virginia–North Carolina border, with all areas south and west of those boundaries.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the east of the 114th degree of longitude, roughly along the eastern borders of Idaho, Nevada and California from the Canada–US border in the north to the Mexican border in the south.", "The southeast region east of the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico was reassigned to EADF.", "Central Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 29th, 30th or 33rd Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Activated on 1 March 1951\n Inactivated on 1 July 1960", "Site re-designated: Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri, 27 April 1957 – July 1, 1960", "Activated at: Grandview AFB, Missouri on 8 October 1955\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Site re-designated: Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri, 27 April 1957\n Inactivate on 1 July 1960\n Stationed at: Great Falls AFB, Montana\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Western Air Defense Force (WADF)\n Site re-designated: Malmstrom AFB, 15 June 1956\n Re-designated 29th Air Division (SAGE) and reassigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 20 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)", "Inactivated 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Tinker AFB, Oklahoma, 20 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Moved to Oklahoma City AFS, 1 July 1956\n Re-designated 33d Air Division (SAGE) and reassigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, 16 February 1953\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Western Air Defense Force (WADF)\n Inactivated 1 January 1960\n Activated at: Kansas City, Missouri on 1 July 1951\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Moved to Dobbins AFB, Georgia on 1 September 1951\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 10 April 1955", "Federalized Indiana Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Baer Field, Indiana\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 1 December 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 7 February 1952\n Federalized Wisconsin Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)", "Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Minnesota Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Holman Field, Minnesota\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Moved to Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, 28 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952", "Federalized Pennsylvania Air National Guard, 16 January 1952\n Stationed at New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Personnel used to fill vacancies in the 35th Air Division; inactivated 6 February 1952\n Federalized Oklahoma Air National Guard, 1 June 1951\n Stationed at Tinker AFB, Oklahoma\n Attached to 33d Air Division, 19 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized California Air National Guard, 28 January 1952\n Stationed at Berkeley, California, assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Personnel used to fill vacancies in numerous CADF units; inactivated 6 February 1952\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Stationed at Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to 31st Air Division (Defense), 10 July 1951\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Stationed at Grandview AFB, Missouri\n Re-assigned to 33d Air Division, 2 March 1954" ]

[ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]

[ "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base, Missouri." ]

[ "CADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "Central Air Defense Force (CADF) was activated as a third subordinate region under the re-established Air Defense Command in February 1951 to better organize ADC units in the Central and Southeast United States, its initial region being defined in the west as the area east of the 102nd degree of longitude, from the Canada–US border in the north to the Rio Grande border between the United States and Mexico in the south.", "The eastern boundary of the CADF was the area west of the 90th degree of longitude from the Michigan shoreline of Lake Superior south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean coastline along the Tennessee–Kentucky and Virginia–North Carolina border, with all areas south and west of those boundaries.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the east of the 114th degree of longitude, roughly along the eastern borders of Idaho, Nevada and California from the Canada–US border in the north to the Mexican border in the south.", "The southeast region east of the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico was reassigned to EADF.", "Central Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 29th, 30th or 33rd Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Activated on 1 March 1951\n Inactivated on 1 July 1960", "Site re-designated: Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri, 27 April 1957 – July 1, 1960", "Activated at: Grandview AFB, Missouri on 8 October 1955\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Site re-designated: Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri, 27 April 1957\n Inactivate on 1 July 1960\n Stationed at: Great Falls AFB, Montana\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Western Air Defense Force (WADF)\n Site re-designated: Malmstrom AFB, 15 June 1956\n Re-designated 29th Air Division (SAGE) and reassigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 20 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)", "Inactivated 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Tinker AFB, Oklahoma, 20 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Moved to Oklahoma City AFS, 1 July 1956\n Re-designated 33d Air Division (SAGE) and reassigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, 16 February 1953\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Western Air Defense Force (WADF)\n Inactivated 1 January 1960\n Activated at: Kansas City, Missouri on 1 July 1951\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Moved to Dobbins AFB, Georgia on 1 September 1951\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 10 April 1955", "Federalized Indiana Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Baer Field, Indiana\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 1 December 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 7 February 1952\n Federalized Wisconsin Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)", "Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Minnesota Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Holman Field, Minnesota\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Moved to Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, 28 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952", "Federalized Pennsylvania Air National Guard, 16 January 1952\n Stationed at New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Personnel used to fill vacancies in the 35th Air Division; inactivated 6 February 1952\n Federalized Oklahoma Air National Guard, 1 June 1951\n Stationed at Tinker AFB, Oklahoma\n Attached to 33d Air Division, 19 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized California Air National Guard, 28 January 1952\n Stationed at Berkeley, California, assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Personnel used to fill vacancies in numerous CADF units; inactivated 6 February 1952\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Stationed at Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to 31st Air Division (Defense), 10 July 1951\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Stationed at Grandview AFB, Missouri\n Re-assigned to 33d Air Division, 2 March 1954" ]

[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]

[ "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base, Missouri." ]

[ "CADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "Central Air Defense Force (CADF) was activated as a third subordinate region under the re-established Air Defense Command in February 1951 to better organize ADC units in the Central and Southeast United States, its initial region being defined in the west as the area east of the 102nd degree of longitude, from the Canada–US border in the north to the Rio Grande border between the United States and Mexico in the south.", "The eastern boundary of the CADF was the area west of the 90th degree of longitude from the Michigan shoreline of Lake Superior south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean coastline along the Tennessee–Kentucky and Virginia–North Carolina border, with all areas south and west of those boundaries.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the east of the 114th degree of longitude, roughly along the eastern borders of Idaho, Nevada and California from the Canada–US border in the north to the Mexican border in the south.", "The southeast region east of the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico was reassigned to EADF.", "Central Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 29th, 30th or 33rd Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Activated on 1 March 1951\n Inactivated on 1 July 1960", "Site re-designated: Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri, 27 April 1957 – July 1, 1960", "Activated at: Grandview AFB, Missouri on 8 October 1955\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Site re-designated: Richards-Gebaur AFB, Missouri, 27 April 1957\n Inactivate on 1 July 1960\n Stationed at: Great Falls AFB, Montana\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Western Air Defense Force (WADF)\n Site re-designated: Malmstrom AFB, 15 June 1956\n Re-designated 29th Air Division (SAGE) and reassigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 20 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)", "Inactivated 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Tinker AFB, Oklahoma, 20 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Moved to Oklahoma City AFS, 1 July 1956\n Re-designated 33d Air Division (SAGE) and reassigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1960\n Stationed at: Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, 16 February 1953\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 16 February 1953 from Western Air Defense Force (WADF)\n Inactivated 1 January 1960\n Activated at: Kansas City, Missouri on 1 July 1951\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Moved to Dobbins AFB, Georgia on 1 September 1951\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF), 10 April 1955", "Federalized Indiana Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Baer Field, Indiana\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 1 December 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 7 February 1952\n Federalized Wisconsin Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)", "Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Minnesota Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Holman Field, Minnesota\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951 from Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF)\n Moved to Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, 28 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952", "Federalized Pennsylvania Air National Guard, 16 January 1952\n Stationed at New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Personnel used to fill vacancies in the 35th Air Division; inactivated 6 February 1952\n Federalized Oklahoma Air National Guard, 1 June 1951\n Stationed at Tinker AFB, Oklahoma\n Attached to 33d Air Division, 19 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized California Air National Guard, 28 January 1952\n Stationed at Berkeley, California, assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Personnel used to fill vacancies in numerous CADF units; inactivated 6 February 1952\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Stationed at Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to 31st Air Division (Defense), 10 July 1951\n Assigned to Central Air Defense Force\n Stationed at Grandview AFB, Missouri\n Re-assigned to 33d Air Division, 2 March 1954" ]

[ 10, 11 ]

[ "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base, Missouri." ]

[ "EADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "The command was originally assigned the region within the Continental United States (CONUS) to the east of the 102d degree of longitude, along the Canada–US border to the most easternmost point of Maine; the southern boundary being the 102d degree of longitude along the Rio Grande boundary with Mexico, east to the southernmost point of Texas and along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean coastlines.", "This was adjusted in 1951 with the activation of Central Air Defense Force (CADF) with the region being adjusted to the area east of the 90th degree of longitude south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean coastline along the Tennessee/Kentucky and Virginia/North Carolina border, with all areas north and east of those boundaries.", "Organizations stationed west and south of that delineation were transferred to CADF.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the east of the 90th degree of longitude south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, then south along the Mississippi river to the Gulf of Mexico in the south.", "CADF organizations in the southeast were reassigned to the EADF.", "Eastern Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 26th, 30th or 32d Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Discontinued July 1, 1960", "Stationed at Roslyn Air Force Station, New York\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force, 1 September 1950 from First Air Force\n Re-designated 26th Air Division (SAGE), 8 August 1958\n Moved to Syracuse Air Force Station, New York, 8 August 1958\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 August 1959\n Stationed at Willow Run Air Force Station, Michigan\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 April 1959 from Air Defense Command\n Re-designated 30th Air Division (SAGE), 1 April 1959\n Moved to Truax Field, Wisconsin, 1 April 1959\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1959\n Activated at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan, 8 October 1950\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1951\n Activated at Stewart Air Force Base, New York, 1 January 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Moved to Syracuse Air Force Station, New York, 1 December 1953\n Re-designated 32d Air Division (Defense), 15 August 1958\n Re-designated 32d Air Division (SAGE), 15 November 1958\n Moved to Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia, 15 November 1958\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 August 1959", "Activated at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, 19 March 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 20 May 1951\n Stationed at Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force, 10 April 1955 from Central Air Defense Force, 10 April 1955\n Inactivated 15 November 1958\n Stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 8 September 1955 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 1 April 1959\n Activated at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 8 September 1955\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 1 February 1959\n Activated at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, 8 September 1955\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 1 September 1958", "Activated at Presque Isle Air Force Base, Maine, 1 January 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey as 52d Fighter All-Weather Wing\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Re-designated 52d Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Federalized Maine Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Dow Air Force Base, Maine\n Moved to Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire, 1 May 1951\n Moved to Larson Air Force Base, Washington and re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force (WADF), 2 August 1951\n Federalized Connecticut Air National Guard, 2 March 1951\n Stationed at Brainard Field, Connecticut\n Moved to Suffolk County Air Force Base, New York, 1 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Indiana Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Stout Field, Indiana\n Moved to Baer Field, Indiana, 1 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 1 December 1951\n Federalized Wisconsin Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at General Mitchell Field, Wisconsin\n Moved to Truax Field, Wisconsin, 16 February 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force, 20 May 1951\n Federalized Minnesota Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Holman Field, Minnesota\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951\n Federalized Oregon Air National Guard\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from Western Air Defense Force (WADF), 11 April 1951\n Moved to O'Hare International Airport, Illinois, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from 8th Air Division (AEW&Con), 1 July 1957\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 1 July 1959\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 April 1956\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 18 October 1956\n Stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 June 1956\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 18 October 1956\n Stationed at O'Hare International Airport, Illinois\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 30th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1953\n Re-assigned to 30th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at New Castle Air Force Base, Delaware\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at Presque Isle Air Force Base, Maine\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 32d Air Division, 16 February 1953", "Federalized New Hampshire Air National Guard, 1 September 1951\n Stationed at Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to 32d Air Division, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Michigan Air National Guard, 16 September 1951\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Headquarters", "remained at Selfridge Air Force Base,", "personnel deployed to locations in the Chicago, Illinois area\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from Air Defense Command, 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to 4709th Air Defense Wing, 20 September 1954", "Stationed at: Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire.", "1 July 1952-1 December 1952" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "The Eastern Air Defense Force (EADF) is an inactive United States Air Force organization.", "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York.", "It was inactivated on July 1, 1960." ]

[ "EADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "The command was originally assigned the region within the Continental United States (CONUS) to the east of the 102d degree of longitude, along the Canada–US border to the most easternmost point of Maine; the southern boundary being the 102d degree of longitude along the Rio Grande boundary with Mexico, east to the southernmost point of Texas and along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean coastlines.", "This was adjusted in 1951 with the activation of Central Air Defense Force (CADF) with the region being adjusted to the area east of the 90th degree of longitude south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean coastline along the Tennessee/Kentucky and Virginia/North Carolina border, with all areas north and east of those boundaries.", "Organizations stationed west and south of that delineation were transferred to CADF.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the east of the 90th degree of longitude south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, then south along the Mississippi river to the Gulf of Mexico in the south.", "CADF organizations in the southeast were reassigned to the EADF.", "Eastern Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 26th, 30th or 32d Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Discontinued July 1, 1960", "Stationed at Roslyn Air Force Station, New York\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force, 1 September 1950 from First Air Force\n Re-designated 26th Air Division (SAGE), 8 August 1958\n Moved to Syracuse Air Force Station, New York, 8 August 1958\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 August 1959\n Stationed at Willow Run Air Force Station, Michigan\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 April 1959 from Air Defense Command\n Re-designated 30th Air Division (SAGE), 1 April 1959\n Moved to Truax Field, Wisconsin, 1 April 1959\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1959\n Activated at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan, 8 October 1950\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1951\n Activated at Stewart Air Force Base, New York, 1 January 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Moved to Syracuse Air Force Station, New York, 1 December 1953\n Re-designated 32d Air Division (Defense), 15 August 1958\n Re-designated 32d Air Division (SAGE), 15 November 1958\n Moved to Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia, 15 November 1958\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 August 1959", "Activated at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, 19 March 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 20 May 1951\n Stationed at Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force, 10 April 1955 from Central Air Defense Force, 10 April 1955\n Inactivated 15 November 1958\n Stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 8 September 1955 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 1 April 1959\n Activated at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 8 September 1955\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 1 February 1959\n Activated at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, 8 September 1955\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 1 September 1958", "Activated at Presque Isle Air Force Base, Maine, 1 January 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey as 52d Fighter All-Weather Wing\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Re-designated 52d Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Federalized Maine Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Dow Air Force Base, Maine\n Moved to Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire, 1 May 1951\n Moved to Larson Air Force Base, Washington and re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force (WADF), 2 August 1951\n Federalized Connecticut Air National Guard, 2 March 1951\n Stationed at Brainard Field, Connecticut\n Moved to Suffolk County Air Force Base, New York, 1 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Indiana Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Stout Field, Indiana\n Moved to Baer Field, Indiana, 1 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 1 December 1951\n Federalized Wisconsin Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at General Mitchell Field, Wisconsin\n Moved to Truax Field, Wisconsin, 16 February 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force, 20 May 1951\n Federalized Minnesota Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Holman Field, Minnesota\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951\n Federalized Oregon Air National Guard\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from Western Air Defense Force (WADF), 11 April 1951\n Moved to O'Hare International Airport, Illinois, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from 8th Air Division (AEW&Con), 1 July 1957\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 1 July 1959\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 April 1956\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 18 October 1956\n Stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 June 1956\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 18 October 1956\n Stationed at O'Hare International Airport, Illinois\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 30th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1953\n Re-assigned to 30th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at New Castle Air Force Base, Delaware\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at Presque Isle Air Force Base, Maine\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 32d Air Division, 16 February 1953", "Federalized New Hampshire Air National Guard, 1 September 1951\n Stationed at Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to 32d Air Division, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Michigan Air National Guard, 16 September 1951\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Headquarters", "remained at Selfridge Air Force Base,", "personnel deployed to locations in the Chicago, Illinois area\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from Air Defense Command, 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to 4709th Air Defense Wing, 20 September 1954", "Stationed at: Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire.", "1 July 1952-1 December 1952" ]

[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York." ]

[ "EADF was an intermediate-level command and control organization of Air Defense Command.", "Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command (ConAC) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency.", "Air defense units within the Continental United States (CONUS) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups, with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949.", "The command was originally assigned the region within the Continental United States (CONUS) to the east of the 102d degree of longitude, along the Canada–US border to the most easternmost point of Maine; the southern boundary being the 102d degree of longitude along the Rio Grande boundary with Mexico, east to the southernmost point of Texas and along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean coastlines.", "This was adjusted in 1951 with the activation of Central Air Defense Force (CADF) with the region being adjusted to the area east of the 90th degree of longitude south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean coastline along the Tennessee/Kentucky and Virginia/North Carolina border, with all areas north and east of those boundaries.", "Organizations stationed west and south of that delineation were transferred to CADF.", "The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the east of the 90th degree of longitude south to the point of the Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee state boundaries, then south along the Mississippi river to the Gulf of Mexico in the south.", "CADF organizations in the southeast were reassigned to the EADF.", "Eastern Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960, with its assigned units reassigned either to 26th, 30th or 32d Air Divisions, or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system.", "Discontinued July 1, 1960", "Stationed at Roslyn Air Force Station, New York\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force, 1 September 1950 from First Air Force\n Re-designated 26th Air Division (SAGE), 8 August 1958\n Moved to Syracuse Air Force Station, New York, 8 August 1958\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 August 1959\n Stationed at Willow Run Air Force Station, Michigan\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 April 1959 from Air Defense Command\n Re-designated 30th Air Division (SAGE), 1 April 1959\n Moved to Truax Field, Wisconsin, 1 April 1959\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 July 1959\n Activated at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan, 8 October 1950\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 January 1951\n Activated at Stewart Air Force Base, New York, 1 January 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Moved to Syracuse Air Force Station, New York, 1 December 1953\n Re-designated 32d Air Division (Defense), 15 August 1958\n Re-designated 32d Air Division (SAGE), 15 November 1958\n Moved to Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia, 15 November 1958\n Re-assigned to Air Defense Command, 1 August 1959", "Activated at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, 19 March 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 20 May 1951\n Stationed at Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force, 10 April 1955 from Central Air Defense Force, 10 April 1955\n Inactivated 15 November 1958\n Stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 8 September 1955 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 1 April 1959\n Activated at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 8 September 1955\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 1 February 1959\n Activated at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, 8 September 1955\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 1 September 1958", "Activated at Presque Isle Air Force Base, Maine, 1 January 1951\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey as 52d Fighter All-Weather Wing\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Re-designated 52d Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force 1 January 1951 from Air Defense Command\n Inactivated 6 February 1952\n Federalized Maine Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Dow Air Force Base, Maine\n Moved to Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire, 1 May 1951\n Moved to Larson Air Force Base, Washington and re-assigned to Western Air Defense Force (WADF), 2 August 1951\n Federalized Connecticut Air National Guard, 2 March 1951\n Stationed at Brainard Field, Connecticut\n Moved to Suffolk County Air Force Base, New York, 1 June 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Indiana Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Stout Field, Indiana\n Moved to Baer Field, Indiana, 1 May 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force (CADF), 1 December 1951\n Federalized Wisconsin Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at General Mitchell Field, Wisconsin\n Moved to Truax Field, Wisconsin, 16 February 1951\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force, 20 May 1951\n Federalized Minnesota Air National Guard, 10 February 1951\n Stationed at Holman Field, Minnesota\n Re-assigned to Central Air Defense Force 20 May 1951\n Federalized Oregon Air National Guard\n Stationed at Geiger Field, Washington\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from Western Air Defense Force (WADF), 11 April 1951\n Moved to O'Hare International Airport, Illinois, 1 May 1951\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from 8th Air Division (AEW&Con), 1 July 1957\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 1 July 1959\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 April 1956\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 18 October 1956\n Stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 June 1956\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 18 October 1956\n Stationed at O'Hare International Airport, Illinois\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 30th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1953\n Re-assigned to 30th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at New Castle Air Force Base, Delaware\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 26th Air Division, 16 February 1953\n Stationed at Presque Isle Air Force Base, Maine\n Activated by Eastern Air Defense Force on 1 February 1952\n Re-assigned to 32d Air Division, 16 February 1953", "Federalized New Hampshire Air National Guard, 1 September 1951\n Stationed at Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire\n Assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force\n Re-assigned to 32d Air Division, 6 February 1952\n Federalized Michigan Air National Guard, 16 September 1951\n Stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan\n Headquarters", "remained at Selfridge Air Force Base,", "personnel deployed to locations in the Chicago, Illinois area\n Inactivated and returned to state control, 6 February 1952\n Stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York\n Re-assigned to Eastern Air Defense Force from Air Defense Command, 1 January 1951\n Re-assigned to 4709th Air Defense Wing, 20 September 1954", "Stationed at: Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire.", "1 July 1952-1 December 1952" ]

[ 10, 11 ]

[ "Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York." ]

[ "Ajose began his career as a professional in May 2001 at the Royal Gardens Hotel in Kensington, London.", "The former amateur won when the fight was stopped in the first round against Tony Montana.", "After compiling a ledger of 6-0 he won his first career title, the lightly regarded WBF Inter-continental title against Walthamstow's Martin Holgate.", "He followed that win by collecting the Nigerian light welterweight title and the African Boxing Union title at the same weight.", "In September 2004 having compiled a record of 13-0 he met possibly his toughest test when he scored a 4th round win over the talented Bradley Pryce in the Newport Centre in Newport.", "Olusegun scored one other significant victory, a 6th-round knockout of Namibia's Ali Nuumbembe in June 2006 before getting the chance a year later to fight for the vacant Commonwealth light welterweight title against Stoke's Gary Reid.", "Olusegun had been due to fight for the crown 18 months before when then opponent Colin Lynes pulled out with just 10 days to go.", "Discussing the fight beforehand, Olusegun said, \"I have great respect for Gary Reid as he is the only British based fighter who is willing to get into the ring with me\".", "Bemoaning the fact that he found it tough to find opponents, he added, “I am desperate to fight the best but the best don't want to fight me.", "I am a lonely shark in the light welterweight ocean.\"", "Olusegun ended up winning a unanimous points decision over 12 rounds.", "The first defence of his title was made in February 2008 when Ajose beat Nigel Wright in Peterlee, Durham again over 12 rounds.", "Following the defence Olusegun won three non-title fights with the intention of staying busy whilst calling out the likes of former WBC champion Junior Witter.", "In February 2009 he made the second defence of his title, beating former English champion Scott Haywood at the Barnsley Metrodome.", "On 13 June 2009 Olusegun challenged former opponent Nigel Wright for the vacant British light welterweight title, a contest that was only able to take place following the granted of British citizenship to Olusegun on the grounds of residency.", "Also on the line was the Commonwealth title that the two boxers had previously fought for in February 2008.", "Olusegun again won the contest with a unanimous points decision to become a two-belt champion.", "Rather than defending the British belt however Olusegun gave it up choosing to take the opportunity to fight in a World title eliminator instead against undefeated Romanian boxer Ionut Dan in a bout which was scheduled take place on 9 October 2009.", "The bout against Dan however never materialized and in the intervening period the title was won by Lenny Daws.", "Olusegun, now the WBC's number 2 ranked boxer next fought on the undercard of David Haye's heavyweight title defence against John Ruiz at the MEN Arena in Manchester.", "The fight was to be a further defence of the Commonwealth title which he still held and pitched him against Colin Lynes, a man he had been scheduled to fight once before.", "The defence on 3 April 2010 saw him retain the belt for the fourth time against Lynes who was also a former British champion and who had also held the European belt.", "On 12 February 2011 Olusegun competed in a non-title six round fight beating Polish journeyman Arek Malek with a World title eliminator still not having come to fruition.", "Olusegun finally became the mandatory challenger for the WBC light welterweight title on 30 September 2011 with a win over Frenchman Ali Chebah in California.", "The fight, which went the 12 round distance, saw Olusegun put his opponent down twice in the 3rd round to line up a potential fight against current champion Erik Morales for the full title.", "After winning a WBC World title eliminator, Olusegun was then out of the ring for over a year.", "He was then set to fight hard hitting Argentinian Lucas Matthysse on 8 September 2012.", "The first few rounds were good exchanges for the two brawlers.", "However, on the tenth round the hard punches from the Argentinian proved too much for the unbeaten Nigerian and therefore the referee stopped the fight via 10th Round TKO." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 ]

[ "Ajose Olusegun is a British-Nigerian former professional boxer who competed from 2001 to 2014.", "He challenged once for the WBC interim super lightweight in 2012." ]

[ "\"JazzTimes\" thought that Robillard \"has the appropriately funky, slicing tone on 'T-Bone Shuffle', and 'T-Bone Boogie'.", "\"\nAllMusic wrote that \"the barroom blues and drum brushes on 'Love Is a Gamble' takes things down to a creepy crawl, bringing to mind Dr. John or Delbert McClinton.", "\"", "All tracks composed by T-Bone Walker; except where noted.\n# \"Lonesome Woman Blues\" (John Henry) – 4:08\n# \"T-Bone Shuffle\" – 5:07\n# \"Love Is a Gamble\" (Edward Hale) – 4:37\n# \"Alimony Blues\" (Freddie Simon) – 3:28\n# \"You Don't Love Me\" – 4:13\n# \"T-Bone Boogie\" (T-Bone Walker, Marl Young) – 5:24\n# \"Blue Mood\" (Jessie Mae Robinson) – 3:10\n# \"Pony Tail\" (Dave Bartholomew, David J. O'Brian) – 3:07\n# \"I'm Still in Love with You\" (T-Bone Walker, Marl Young) – 8:58\n# \"Hard Way\" – 2:46\n# \"Born to Be No Good\" – 5:34\n# \"Tell Me What's the Reason\" (Florence Cadrez) – 2:49" ]

[ 3 ]

[ "Blue Mood: The Songs of T-Bone Walker is a tribute album by Duke Robillard, dedicated to the songs of T-Bone Walker." ]

[ "The Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) of 1934 was an early step in the renewal of tribal self-governance, in the forms of creation of constitutions and employment of counsel.", "The IRA was somewhat limited, as all tribal actions were subject to review by the Secretary of the Interior (via the Bureau of Indian Affairs [BIA]).", "In the 1950s some members of Congress passed legislation to renew the effort to have Native Americans assimilate, and to terminate the special relationship between the federal government and tribal nations.", "The government sought to terminate the legal standing of numerous tribes, judging their members ready to be independent U.S. citizens.", "More than 100 tribes and communities were terminated.", "\"For more on Termination, see Indian termination policy.", "\"\nThe failure of termination policies became obvious with assessment by the late 1960s.", "Native Americans and the federal government began to work for a return to greater Indian rights represented by the earlier IRA.", "The passage of the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 (ICRA) was influential.", "ICRA guaranteed the application of much of the Bill of Rights in Indian Country, a guarantee which Native Americans on reservations had not enjoyed.", "The rise of activist groups in the 1960s, such as the American Indian Movement (AIM), and high-profile demonstrations such as the occupation of Alcatraz led by Native American activist Richard Oakes, helped bring the issue of Native American rights to greater prominence in public policy.", "President Richard Nixon's \"Message from the President of the United States Transmitting Recommendations for Indian Policy\" (8 July 1970) recommended self-determination for Indian tribes as a goal of the federal government.", "His message said that termination was an incorrect policy.", "Nixon called for broad-sweeping self-determination legislation.", "This goal was met in the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act or PL 93-638.", "Implementation of PL 93-638 created a process known as self-determination contracting, under which \"the employees and administrative control of an otherwise federal program are transferred to the tribal government via a \"638 contract\".\"", "Under these contracts, tribes agree to set up a particular program (in areas such as resource management, law enforcement, education, childcare, and environmental protection) while meeting federal requirements and guidelines in order to receive funding and support.", "The duties entailed in contracts between the federal government and the tribes were assigned to implementing agencies, one of which was the Bureau of Indian Affairs, BIA.", "The BIA at first resisted this change.", "The process was strictly for approval of funds for tribal use to conduct their own affairs, for instance, to educate their children.", "Continued efforts by tribal leaders to obtain the grant money and pressure from Congressional representatives helped bring about a new way of doing business.", "The influence of the BIA over tribal affairs slowly lessened.", "In addition, the United States Supreme Court in \"Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma v. Leavitt\" found that the Federal government was liable for payments under a 638 contract.", "Although the 638 contracts provide necessary funding and assistance programs to many tribes, PL 93-638 had significant limitations.", "For example, tribes did not have the ability to reallocate government funds across different 638-contracted programs to meet shifting needs in their communities.", "According to section 106c of the law \"all contracts between the appropriate Secretary and Indian tribes shall be limited to a term of one (1) to three (3) years,\" sometimes making it difficult to achieve longer term goals.", "The 1975 law also allowed either Secretary to annul a 638 contract or reassume control of a program \"if he or she finds that the tribal contractor's performance involves the violations of rights...gross negligence or mismanagement in the handling of contract funds.\"", "Amendments have been made by legislators to the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ]

[ "The Act reversed a 30-year effort by the federal government under its preceding termination policy to sever treaty relationships with and obligations to Indian tribes." ]

[ "While Picross presents a rectangular grid of squares, which must be filled in to create a picture, \"Picross 3D\" uses a rectangular prism made of a number of smaller cubes, and must be chipped away in order to construct an image in three dimensions.", "Each row or column has at most one number corresponding to it, and many do not have any numbers at all; the number indicates how many cubes the row/column should contain when the picture is complete.", "Generally each row of cubes will be in one group.", "If a number has a circle around it, it means that, while that number of cubes is the total amount in the row/column, they will be split up into two groups (for example, a 4 with a circle around it will be in two groups of either 1 and 3 or 2 and 2).", "If a number has a square around it, the cubes will be split up into three or more groups.", "If there are no numbers on a row or column, there are no rules regarding the cubes in that row.", "A paintbrush may be used to mark cubes that definitely will remain in the image (which also prevents them from being broken accidentally), or a hammer to chip away at the unnecessary cubes.", "If an attempt is made to break a cube that is part of the image, the game will count this as a strike.", "If the player receives five strikes, the player is out and will have to start the puzzle over again.", "Players will also need to complete the stage within a certain amount of time.", "Early on, the game will show players \"technique\" tutorials to help them refine their puzzle-solving skills.", "Once a 3D image is completed, the player will be rewarded with a short animation regarding the image, and it will be placed into a themed collection, encouraging players to complete each collection.", "During standard puzzles, up to three stars are awarded based on the player's performance (completing the puzzle within a certain time limit and with no strikes earns maximum stars) which unlock additional bonus puzzles in each level.", "In between certain levels are \"One-Chance Challenges\", where players make just one mistake and they're out, \"Time Challenges\", which require players to quickly chip away cubes to extend their time limit, and \"Construction Challenges\" in which multiple puzzles are completed to form one giant image.", "Bonus animations can also be unlocked under certain conditions, such as completing each difficulty setting.", "Outside of the main mode, players could also download additional puzzles via the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, as well as create their own puzzles, which can be shared with friends or entered into themed challenges.", "While it is no longer possible to use the Nintendo WFC for downloading or sharing puzzles since it was shut down in 2014 it is still possible to send and receive puzzles locally using wireless transfer.", "The game was the third best-selling game during the week of its release in Japan at 38,000 copies.", "It sold an additional 29,000 copies and 16,000 copies its second and third weeks respectively." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]

[ "Generations brand.", "A sequel, \"Picross 3D:" ]

[ "He was the son of Elon Galusha Brown and Lucretia (Rouse) Brown.", "He graduated from Brown University in 1876.", "He was admitted to the bar in 1880, and practiced in Watertown, New York.", "On November 25, 1882, he married Ettella B. Greene, and they had three children.", "He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894.", "He was a member of the New York State Senate (35th D.) from 1898 to 1904, sitting in the 121st, 122nd, 123rd, 124th, 125th, 126th and 127th New York State Legislatures.", "He was again a member of the State Senate from 1913 to 1918, sitting in the 136th, 137th, 138th, 139th, 140th and 141st New York State Legislatures; and was Minority Leader from 1913 to 1914, and President pro tempore from 1915 to 1918.", "He was a delegate to the 1900, 1904, 1916 and 1920 Republican National Conventions.", "His wife was a member of the New York State Commission for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915; and acted as one of the official hostesses at the New York Pavilion during the exposition." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "He was President pro tempore of the New York State Senate from 1915 to 1918." ]

[ "A post office was established in 1809, with Aaron Eldredge as the first postmaster.", "There are several historic properties in the area.", "The Cold Spring Presbyterian Church, also known as the \"Old Brick\", is a historic church listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.", "The Historic Cold Spring Village is an open-air museum containing several NRHP listed buildings.", "The Cold Spring Grange Hall, listed in 1998, serves as the entrance to the village.", "As with other parts of Lower Township it is covered by Lower Township School District for elementary grades and Lower Cape May Regional School District for secondary grades.", "Three of the Lower Township elementary district facilities are in Cold Spring:\n\nDavid Douglass School (pre-kindergarten and kindergarten) is in Villas CDP.", "The LCMR schools (Richard Teitelman Middle and Lower Cape May Regional High School) are in the Erma area.", "Students are also eligible to attend Cape May County Technical High School in Cape May Court House, which serves students from the entire county in its comprehensive and vocational programs, which are offered without charge to students who are county residents.", "Special needs students may be referred to Cape May County Special Services School District in Cape May Court House.", "In the mid-20th century there was a separate Cold Spring Elementary School.", "It enrolled students of all races as there was no dedicated school for black children in proximity." ]

[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ]

[ "Cold Spring is an unincorporated community in Lower Township, Cape May County, New Jersey." ]

[ "Melville Falkner Rogers, son of Amos Frankford Rogers and Margaret Rebecca Falkner, was born in Ottawa, January 5, 1899 (Ontario birth registrations).", "Melville's siblings included Frankford Ernest Rogers (born April 20, 1897) and Gladys Margaret Rogers (born June 1, 1903).", "In Ottawa on March 5, 1927, Melville married Isobel Hossack Blyth, daughter of James Thorp Blyth and Isabella Evans Thomson (Ontario marriage registration).", "According to that marriage registration, Melville was a lawyer.", "Melville and Isobel (1904–1968) are buried in the Beechwood Cemetery, section 49, lot 44 (Beechwood Cemetery burial registers).", "As a single skater, he won the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 1923 and from 1925 to 1928.", "As a pair skater, he won the silver medal at the 1922 Canadian Championships and the bronze medal at the 1923 Canadian Championships with partner Cecil Smith.", "During those years, he represented the Toronto Skate Club in competition.", "He won the 1925 Canadian Championships, the silver medal at the 1928 Championships, and the bronze medal at the 1929 Championships with Gladys Rogers, representing the Minto Skating Club.", "He won the bronze medal at the 1926 Canadian Championships with partner Isobel Blyth, whom he married in 1927 (Ontario marriage registration 1927 009200).", "As an ice dancer, he won the silver medal at the 1940 Canadian Championships with Elmore Davis.", "They also won the Junior national title that same year.", "In the fours discipline, he won the 1922 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Sidney Pepler, Frankford Rogers, and Katherine Capreol.", "He won the 1929 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Frances Claudet, Katherine Lopdell, and Guy Owen.", "He won the 1931 Canadian fours bronze medal with the same team as in 1929.", "He won the 1932 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Elmore Davis, Prudence Holbrook and Guy Owen.", "He won the 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, and 1937 Canadian fours title with the same team as in 1932.", "He competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics as both a single skater and pair skater.", "He placed 7th in singles, and 7th in pairs with partner Cecil Smith.", "At those Olympics, Rogers became the first Canadian men's singles skater to compete at the Olympics and was also a member of the first Canadian pairs team to compete at the Olympics.", "He won the North American singles title in 1925 and 1927.", "He won the 1925 silver medal in pairs with Gladys Rogers.", "He won the fours title in 1933, 1935, and 1937 with Margaret Davis, Prudence Holbrook, and Guy Owen.", "He also competed in pairs with Isobel Rogers, formerly Isobel Blyth.", "They placed 5th at the 1930 World Figure Skating Championships", "Following his retirement from competitive skating, he worked as a judge.", "He served as the president of the Canadian Figure Skating Association for two terms and remained active with the Minto Skating Club for many years.", "He was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1991." ]

[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 ]

[ "He competed in the disciplines of single skating, pair skating, ice dancing, and fours.", "He won the Canadian championship several times." ]

[ "Melville Falkner Rogers, son of Amos Frankford Rogers and Margaret Rebecca Falkner, was born in Ottawa, January 5, 1899 (Ontario birth registrations).", "Melville's siblings included Frankford Ernest Rogers (born April 20, 1897) and Gladys Margaret Rogers (born June 1, 1903).", "In Ottawa on March 5, 1927, Melville married Isobel Hossack Blyth, daughter of James Thorp Blyth and Isabella Evans Thomson (Ontario marriage registration).", "According to that marriage registration, Melville was a lawyer.", "Melville and Isobel (1904–1968) are buried in the Beechwood Cemetery, section 49, lot 44 (Beechwood Cemetery burial registers).", "As a single skater, he won the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 1923 and from 1925 to 1928.", "As a pair skater, he won the silver medal at the 1922 Canadian Championships and the bronze medal at the 1923 Canadian Championships with partner Cecil Smith.", "During those years, he represented the Toronto Skate Club in competition.", "He won the 1925 Canadian Championships, the silver medal at the 1928 Championships, and the bronze medal at the 1929 Championships with Gladys Rogers, representing the Minto Skating Club.", "He won the bronze medal at the 1926 Canadian Championships with partner Isobel Blyth, whom he married in 1927 (Ontario marriage registration 1927 009200).", "As an ice dancer, he won the silver medal at the 1940 Canadian Championships with Elmore Davis.", "They also won the Junior national title that same year.", "In the fours discipline, he won the 1922 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Sidney Pepler, Frankford Rogers, and Katherine Capreol.", "He won the 1929 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Frances Claudet, Katherine Lopdell, and Guy Owen.", "He won the 1931 Canadian fours bronze medal with the same team as in 1929.", "He won the 1932 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Elmore Davis, Prudence Holbrook and Guy Owen.", "He won the 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, and 1937 Canadian fours title with the same team as in 1932.", "He competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics as both a single skater and pair skater.", "He placed 7th in singles, and 7th in pairs with partner Cecil Smith.", "At those Olympics, Rogers became the first Canadian men's singles skater to compete at the Olympics and was also a member of the first Canadian pairs team to compete at the Olympics.", "He won the North American singles title in 1925 and 1927.", "He won the 1925 silver medal in pairs with Gladys Rogers.", "He won the fours title in 1933, 1935, and 1937 with Margaret Davis, Prudence Holbrook, and Guy Owen.", "He also competed in pairs with Isobel Rogers, formerly Isobel Blyth.", "They placed 5th at the 1930 World Figure Skating Championships", "Following his retirement from competitive skating, he worked as a judge.", "He served as the president of the Canadian Figure Skating Association for two terms and remained active with the Minto Skating Club for many years.", "He was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1991." ]

[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]

[ "He won the Canadian championship several times." ]

[ "The ship was laid down at the Columbia River Shipbuilding Company of Portland, Oregon under the name \"War Agate\" as part of an order for the British Admiralty.", "Had she been sold to them, the \"War Agate\" would have been operated by the Cunard Line.", "However, the USSB commandeered and received title to all private shipbuilding projects in progress in mid-1917, which included the still-incomplete \"War Agate\".", "The ship was renamed \"West Gate\" by the time of her launching on 27 January 1918.", "She was one of the \"West\" ships, which were cargo ships of similar size and design built by several shipyards on the West Coast of the United States for the USSB for emergency use during the First World War.", "All of the \"West\" ships were given names that began with the word \"West\", and \"West Gate\" was the 3rd of some 30 \"West\" ships built at Columbia River Shipbuilding.", "\"West Gate\" was , and was long (between perpendiculars) and abeam.", "She had a steel hull that displaced 12,185 t with a mean draft of .", "Her hold was deep.", "\"West Gate\"s power plant consisted of a single steam turbine driving a single screw propeller which moved the ship at up to .", "After her April 1918 completion, \"West Gate\" was handed over to the United States Navy for use in the NOTS.", "She was commissioned at Norfolk, Virginia, as USS \"West Gate\" (ID-3216) the same day with Lieutenant Commander Alexander Watson, , in command.", "After making her way to New York, \"West Gate\" took on 6,700 tons of cargo that included locomotives, steel rails, and other materiel for the United States Army and departed in a convoy for France on 28 June.", "The ship soon developed engine trouble and dropped out of the convoy to head to St. John's, Newfoundland, for repairs.", "While headed to St. John's in moderate seas under a cloudy sky, \"West Gate\" was attacked by two German submarines at 19:15 on 3 July.", "One U-boat surfaced in front of the cargo ship, crossing to starboard.", "As \"West Gate\" quickly turned to port to evade the U-boat, a second U-boat surfaced one point to starboard.", "While \"West Gate\"s radio operator sent out a preemptive SOS, her gunners opened fire on the two submarines.", "Though her gunners made hits on neither boat, both were bracketed with fire, quickly submerged, and apparently departed the scene.", "\"West Gate\" arrived at St. John's at 18:00 on 7 July without any further contact with enemy vessels.", "After four days of repairs, \"West Gate\" departed St. John's for France and arrived at the Gironde estuary on 22 July.", "She shifted to Saint-Nazaire three days later where she unloaded her cargo.", "\"West Gate\" departed on 21 August for Newport News, Virginia, where she arrived on 10 September.", "Later in the month, she headed to New York for major engine repairs.", "After taking on of Army materiel, she departed for Bordeaux on 4 October in a convoy escorted by cruiser .", "On the night of 6/7 October—noted in the \"Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships\" as \"particularly dark and rainy\"—the ships were having trouble maintaining their stations in the convoy.", "\"West Gate\" was sailing in the first column to the starboard of the guide ship, .", "At 02:28 on 7 October, while about south of Halifax, \"West Gate\"s steering gear engine jammed, sending the ship veering sharply to the port.", "The crew put the ship's engines at half speed to try to drop out of the convoy.", "Lieutenant Spencer, the chief engineer, and his assistant, Lieutenant (j.g.) Hillery, headed to the machinery spaces to see about effecting repairs.", "At 02:30, men on the bridge sighted the red light from the oncoming , which had been steaming behind and to the port of \"West Gate\".", "Though the bridge ordered the engines raised to \"full speed ahead\" to avoid the collision, there was no time for the engines to respond before \"American\"s bow cut into the starboard side of \"West Gate\", near the poop deck.", "\"West Gate\"s engines were shut down while \"American\" backed out of the tangle.", "\"West Gate\" quickly began to settle and the order to abandon ship was issued.", "The chief engineer and his assistant, Spencer and Hillery, remained belowdecks long enough to extinguish the boilers and open safety valves to prevent the explosion of the boilers.", "They finished the task just before the aft bulkhead gave way to the inrushing seawater.", "Both arrived on deck in time to board lifeboat number 2, which had been held as long as possible for men in the after part of the ship.", "Chief Gunner's Mate Michael B. Wallrath, who had assisted in lowering three lifeboats while he remained on board, jumped overboard after seeing to it that all the boats were away.", "Wallrath was pulled into lifeboat number 6 just before a wave capsized it and drowned two of its occupants.", "Lieutenant commander R. B. Vandervoort, , \"West Gate\"s commanding officer, remained on board until he felt sure that the entire crew had departed the sinking ship.", "When he climbed up on the deckhouse to cut free a life raft and leave the ship, he discovered six men huddled on deck.", "Vandervoort was able to get the six on the life raft, but the suction caused by \"West Gate\"s final plunge pulled him away and below the surface.", "After he managed to get back to the surface, he clung to floating wreckage for two hours until pulled aboard the very raft he had missed earlier.", "Vandervoort and the six men aboard the raft were rescued by one of \"American\"s lifeboats at 06:00, after some 3½ hours in the water.", "A total of seven men from \"West Gate\", two from lifeboat six and five others probably killed in the initial collision, lost their lives in the accident.", "The U.S. Navy awarded Chief Gunner's Mate Wallrath a Letter of Commendation for his actions during the sinking of \"West Gate\"." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ "USS \"West Gate\" (ID-3216) was a cargo ship for the United States Navy during World War I.", "The ship was laid down as SS \"War Agate, but she was launched in January 1918 as SS \"West Gate instead.", "SS \"West Gate\" was one of the steam-powered \"West\" boats that were built for the United States Shipping Board (USSB).", "They were steel-hulled cargo ships built on the West Coast of the United States for the World War I war effort.", "She was the 3rd ship built by the Columbia River Shipbuilding Company in Portland, Oregon." ]

[ "The ship was laid down at the Columbia River Shipbuilding Company of Portland, Oregon under the name \"War Agate\" as part of an order for the British Admiralty.", "Had she been sold to them, the \"War Agate\" would have been operated by the Cunard Line.", "However, the USSB commandeered and received title to all private shipbuilding projects in progress in mid-1917, which included the still-incomplete \"War Agate\".", "The ship was renamed \"West Gate\" by the time of her launching on 27 January 1918.", "She was one of the \"West\" ships, which were cargo ships of similar size and design built by several shipyards on the West Coast of the United States for the USSB for emergency use during the First World War.", "All of the \"West\" ships were given names that began with the word \"West\", and \"West Gate\" was the 3rd of some 30 \"West\" ships built at Columbia River Shipbuilding.", "\"West Gate\" was , and was long (between perpendiculars) and abeam.", "She had a steel hull that displaced 12,185 t with a mean draft of .", "Her hold was deep.", "\"West Gate\"s power plant consisted of a single steam turbine driving a single screw propeller which moved the ship at up to .", "After her April 1918 completion, \"West Gate\" was handed over to the United States Navy for use in the NOTS.", "She was commissioned at Norfolk, Virginia, as USS \"West Gate\" (ID-3216) the same day with Lieutenant Commander Alexander Watson, , in command.", "After making her way to New York, \"West Gate\" took on 6,700 tons of cargo that included locomotives, steel rails, and other materiel for the United States Army and departed in a convoy for France on 28 June.", "The ship soon developed engine trouble and dropped out of the convoy to head to St. John's, Newfoundland, for repairs.", "While headed to St. John's in moderate seas under a cloudy sky, \"West Gate\" was attacked by two German submarines at 19:15 on 3 July.", "One U-boat surfaced in front of the cargo ship, crossing to starboard.", "As \"West Gate\" quickly turned to port to evade the U-boat, a second U-boat surfaced one point to starboard.", "While \"West Gate\"s radio operator sent out a preemptive SOS, her gunners opened fire on the two submarines.", "Though her gunners made hits on neither boat, both were bracketed with fire, quickly submerged, and apparently departed the scene.", "\"West Gate\" arrived at St. John's at 18:00 on 7 July without any further contact with enemy vessels.", "After four days of repairs, \"West Gate\" departed St. John's for France and arrived at the Gironde estuary on 22 July.", "She shifted to Saint-Nazaire three days later where she unloaded her cargo.", "\"West Gate\" departed on 21 August for Newport News, Virginia, where she arrived on 10 September.", "Later in the month, she headed to New York for major engine repairs.", "After taking on of Army materiel, she departed for Bordeaux on 4 October in a convoy escorted by cruiser .", "On the night of 6/7 October—noted in the \"Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships\" as \"particularly dark and rainy\"—the ships were having trouble maintaining their stations in the convoy.", "\"West Gate\" was sailing in the first column to the starboard of the guide ship, .", "At 02:28 on 7 October, while about south of Halifax, \"West Gate\"s steering gear engine jammed, sending the ship veering sharply to the port.", "The crew put the ship's engines at half speed to try to drop out of the convoy.", "Lieutenant Spencer, the chief engineer, and his assistant, Lieutenant (j.g.) Hillery, headed to the machinery spaces to see about effecting repairs.", "At 02:30, men on the bridge sighted the red light from the oncoming , which had been steaming behind and to the port of \"West Gate\".", "Though the bridge ordered the engines raised to \"full speed ahead\" to avoid the collision, there was no time for the engines to respond before \"American\"s bow cut into the starboard side of \"West Gate\", near the poop deck.", "\"West Gate\"s engines were shut down while \"American\" backed out of the tangle.", "\"West Gate\" quickly began to settle and the order to abandon ship was issued.", "The chief engineer and his assistant, Spencer and Hillery, remained belowdecks long enough to extinguish the boilers and open safety valves to prevent the explosion of the boilers.", "They finished the task just before the aft bulkhead gave way to the inrushing seawater.", "Both arrived on deck in time to board lifeboat number 2, which had been held as long as possible for men in the after part of the ship.", "Chief Gunner's Mate Michael B. Wallrath, who had assisted in lowering three lifeboats while he remained on board, jumped overboard after seeing to it that all the boats were away.", "Wallrath was pulled into lifeboat number 6 just before a wave capsized it and drowned two of its occupants.", "Lieutenant commander R. B. Vandervoort, , \"West Gate\"s commanding officer, remained on board until he felt sure that the entire crew had departed the sinking ship.", "When he climbed up on the deckhouse to cut free a life raft and leave the ship, he discovered six men huddled on deck.", "Vandervoort was able to get the six on the life raft, but the suction caused by \"West Gate\"s final plunge pulled him away and below the surface.", "After he managed to get back to the surface, he clung to floating wreckage for two hours until pulled aboard the very raft he had missed earlier.", "Vandervoort and the six men aboard the raft were rescued by one of \"American\"s lifeboats at 06:00, after some 3½ hours in the water.", "A total of seven men from \"West Gate\", two from lifeboat six and five others probably killed in the initial collision, lost their lives in the accident.", "The U.S. Navy awarded Chief Gunner's Mate Wallrath a Letter of Commendation for his actions during the sinking of \"West Gate\"." ]

[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 ]

[ "USS \"West Gate\" (ID-3216) was a cargo ship for the United States Navy during World War I.", "She was commissioned into the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) of the United States Navy in April 1918.", "After experiencing engine trouble on her first attempt at a transatlantic crossing, \"West Gate\" was unsuccessfully attacked by two German submarines in early July 1918 while returning to port for repairs." ]

[ "The ship was laid down at the Columbia River Shipbuilding Company of Portland, Oregon under the name \"War Agate\" as part of an order for the British Admiralty.", "Had she been sold to them, the \"War Agate\" would have been operated by the Cunard Line.", "However, the USSB commandeered and received title to all private shipbuilding projects in progress in mid-1917, which included the still-incomplete \"War Agate\".", "The ship was renamed \"West Gate\" by the time of her launching on 27 January 1918.", "She was one of the \"West\" ships, which were cargo ships of similar size and design built by several shipyards on the West Coast of the United States for the USSB for emergency use during the First World War.", "All of the \"West\" ships were given names that began with the word \"West\", and \"West Gate\" was the 3rd of some 30 \"West\" ships built at Columbia River Shipbuilding.", "\"West Gate\" was , and was long (between perpendiculars) and abeam.", "She had a steel hull that displaced 12,185 t with a mean draft of .", "Her hold was deep.", "\"West Gate\"s power plant consisted of a single steam turbine driving a single screw propeller which moved the ship at up to .", "After her April 1918 completion, \"West Gate\" was handed over to the United States Navy for use in the NOTS.", "She was commissioned at Norfolk, Virginia, as USS \"West Gate\" (ID-3216) the same day with Lieutenant Commander Alexander Watson, , in command.", "After making her way to New York, \"West Gate\" took on 6,700 tons of cargo that included locomotives, steel rails, and other materiel for the United States Army and departed in a convoy for France on 28 June.", "The ship soon developed engine trouble and dropped out of the convoy to head to St. John's, Newfoundland, for repairs.", "While headed to St. John's in moderate seas under a cloudy sky, \"West Gate\" was attacked by two German submarines at 19:15 on 3 July.", "One U-boat surfaced in front of the cargo ship, crossing to starboard.", "As \"West Gate\" quickly turned to port to evade the U-boat, a second U-boat surfaced one point to starboard.", "While \"West Gate\"s radio operator sent out a preemptive SOS, her gunners opened fire on the two submarines.", "Though her gunners made hits on neither boat, both were bracketed with fire, quickly submerged, and apparently departed the scene.", "\"West Gate\" arrived at St. John's at 18:00 on 7 July without any further contact with enemy vessels.", "After four days of repairs, \"West Gate\" departed St. John's for France and arrived at the Gironde estuary on 22 July.", "She shifted to Saint-Nazaire three days later where she unloaded her cargo.", "\"West Gate\" departed on 21 August for Newport News, Virginia, where she arrived on 10 September.", "Later in the month, she headed to New York for major engine repairs.", "After taking on of Army materiel, she departed for Bordeaux on 4 October in a convoy escorted by cruiser .", "On the night of 6/7 October—noted in the \"Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships\" as \"particularly dark and rainy\"—the ships were having trouble maintaining their stations in the convoy.", "\"West Gate\" was sailing in the first column to the starboard of the guide ship, .", "At 02:28 on 7 October, while about south of Halifax, \"West Gate\"s steering gear engine jammed, sending the ship veering sharply to the port.", "The crew put the ship's engines at half speed to try to drop out of the convoy.", "Lieutenant Spencer, the chief engineer, and his assistant, Lieutenant (j.g.) Hillery, headed to the machinery spaces to see about effecting repairs.", "At 02:30, men on the bridge sighted the red light from the oncoming , which had been steaming behind and to the port of \"West Gate\".", "Though the bridge ordered the engines raised to \"full speed ahead\" to avoid the collision, there was no time for the engines to respond before \"American\"s bow cut into the starboard side of \"West Gate\", near the poop deck.", "\"West Gate\"s engines were shut down while \"American\" backed out of the tangle.", "\"West Gate\" quickly began to settle and the order to abandon ship was issued.", "The chief engineer and his assistant, Spencer and Hillery, remained belowdecks long enough to extinguish the boilers and open safety valves to prevent the explosion of the boilers.", "They finished the task just before the aft bulkhead gave way to the inrushing seawater.", "Both arrived on deck in time to board lifeboat number 2, which had been held as long as possible for men in the after part of the ship.", "Chief Gunner's Mate Michael B. Wallrath, who had assisted in lowering three lifeboats while he remained on board, jumped overboard after seeing to it that all the boats were away.", "Wallrath was pulled into lifeboat number 6 just before a wave capsized it and drowned two of its occupants.", "Lieutenant commander R. B. Vandervoort, , \"West Gate\"s commanding officer, remained on board until he felt sure that the entire crew had departed the sinking ship.", "When he climbed up on the deckhouse to cut free a life raft and leave the ship, he discovered six men huddled on deck.", "Vandervoort was able to get the six on the life raft, but the suction caused by \"West Gate\"s final plunge pulled him away and below the surface.", "After he managed to get back to the surface, he clung to floating wreckage for two hours until pulled aboard the very raft he had missed earlier.", "Vandervoort and the six men aboard the raft were rescued by one of \"American\"s lifeboats at 06:00, after some 3½ hours in the water.", "A total of seven men from \"West Gate\", two from lifeboat six and five others probably killed in the initial collision, lost their lives in the accident.", "The U.S. Navy awarded Chief Gunner's Mate Wallrath a Letter of Commendation for his actions during the sinking of \"West Gate\"." ]

[ 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 ]

[ "In the early morning hours of 7 October, \"West Gate\"s steering gear jammed and , another Navy cargo ship, collided with the \"West Gate\", sinking her.", "Seven men lost their lives in the accident." ]

[ "The song is a parody of Diam's' song \"Confessions nocturnes\", recorded with Vitaa as featuring, and included on the album \"Dans ma bulle\".", "Michaël Youn portrayed Diam's, while Pascal Obispo plays the role of Vitaa.", "In Fatal Bazooka's music video, there are also many references to the original one by Diam's.", "The video was nominated at the 2008 Victoires de la musique in the category \"Best music video of the year\", but it didn't win.", "In France, the single went straight to number six on 3 March 2007, two days after its release.", "Then it climbed to number-one, where it stayed for five weeks (it was Youn's fourth number-one single in France).", "Thereafter, it dropped slowly but regularly on the chart, totaling 12 weeks in the top ten, 19 weeks in the top 50 and 31 weeks on the chart (top 100).", "In Belgium (Wallonia), \"Mauvaise foi nocturne\" was charted for 26 weeks in the top 40.", "It entered the chart at number 29 on 3 March, climbed quickly and eventually reached number-one from its fifth to its ninth week.", "It remained in the top five for another six weeks, then dropped.", "The single was less successful in Switzerland, peaking at number 15 on 1 April 2007 and staying in the top 100 for 15 weeks.", "# \"Mauvaise foi nocturne (la réponse)\" — 6:07\n# \"Fous ta cagoule\" (live in Chambéry 07) — 4:24\n# \"Mauvaise foi nocturne (la réponse)\" (full version) — 3:53\n# \"Fous ta cagoule\" (live in Chambéry 07) — 3:46\n# \"Mauvaise foi nocturne (la réponse)\" (music video)\n# \"Mauvaise foi nocturne (la réponse)\" — 3:53" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "The song is the eleventh track on the album \"T'As Vu ?\", and was released as second single in the first days of March 2007.", "It was as successful as \"Fous ta cagoule\" in terms of chart positions, becoming a number-one hit in France and Belgium (Wallonia)." ]

[ "Zhang Xiaomei (Jin Ze), is a prostitute living in Beijing.", "When relationship problems with her boyfriend erupt, she flees to the resort city of Beidaihe and takes a room in a small hotel where she contemplates committing suicide.", "There she meets a young poet.", "The next morning, she wakes and learns that the poet has slit his wrists.", "When the police arrive, she meets Deng Jianguo (Cheng Taisheng), a middle-aged officer who questions her over the poet's death.", "Their relationship soon grows increasingly complicated as Deng learns of Xiaomei's plans to commit suicide.", "Over the course of several days, he takes her to eat seafood dinners, extolling the virtues and health benefits of the diet, including a claim that it makes him a more potent lover.", "When Xiaomei tries to commit suicide in a nearby town, she is thwarted by Deng who brings her back to Beidaihe and proceeds to rape her.", "Xiaomei eventually leaves the seaside town for Beijing again.", "\"Seafood\" was shot entirely on handheld digital video.", "While some critics found the camerawork to be \"routine\" for the medium, one shot in particular was filmed not by the cinematographer, Liu Yonghung, but by Zhu Wen himself.", "Zhu has stated in an interview that this constituted the first time he had ever touched a camera and that he was so pleased with the naturalistic effect, that he ended up keeping the shot.", "Given the film's dark subject matter of rape and suicide, Zhu Wen had no illusions that the film would ever screen in his native China.", "In some ways, the inability to screen \"Seafood\" in China led Zhu to direct his second feature, \"South of the Clouds\" (2004) within the state-run film system, so that he would have a work that he could show to family and friends.", "The film did well in the film festival circuit, however, winning a special jury prize at the Venice International Film Festival's \"Cinema of the Present\" competition and a grand jury prize at Cinemanila.", "The film also screened at a handful of other major festivals, such as Karlovy Vary, and Vancouver (out of competition)." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "The film depicts a self-destructive prostitute (Jin Ze) who attempts to commit suicide in a resort town by the sea.", "She is thwarted by a police officer (Cheng Taisheng) whose unorthodox methods of \"rehabilitating\" her consists of seafood and rape." ]

[ "The Sholan Alliance series consists of:\n#\"Turning Point\" ()\n#\"Fortune's Wheel\" ()\n#\"Fire Margins\" ()\n#\"Razor's Edge\" ()\n#\"Dark Nadir\" ()\n#\"Stronghold Rising\" ()\n#\"Between Darkness and Light\" ()\n#\"Shades of Gray\" ()\n#\"Circle's End\" ()\n\"Turning Point\" was originally conceived as an independent short story about a black cat walking through the snow.", "The author has written a number of short stories set within the series' setting." ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "The Sholan Alliance series is a series of nine science fiction novels written by Scottish author Lisanne Norman." ]

[ "In 1962, Henry Uihlein left his position at the Ben-Hur Freezer Company to begin manufacturing a product of his own invention.", "He named his company \"U-Line,\" a phonetic representation of his German-origin name.", "His invention - a residential undercounter ice maker - was the first product of its kind, and its popularity with more affluent home owners helped his company fund further research and development into additional refrigeration products.", "Today, the U-Line Corporation manufactures several undercounter combinations of ice makers, refrigerators, freezers, and wine storage systems.", "Many of these include advanced features, such as dual-zone temperature control in the case of wine storage systems.", "The company has also introduced a line of refrigerated drawers.", "All of the company's products can be \"built in\" to blend in inconspicuously with a room's decor.", "Significant Inventions/Milestones\n1962\nU-Line develops the first undercounter residential and light commercial ice maker.", "1971\nU-Line introduces the first undercounter Combo Model Ice Maker and Refrigerator.", "The unit maintains two temperature zones in the same cabinet using a single compressor.\n1971\nU-Line introduces the first portable ice makers, designed with a built-in water tank that allowed owners to move the unit anywhere in the home.", "1983\nU-Line develops the first and only 12-volt DC ice maker for marine and RV applications.", "1985\nU-Line is the first U.S. appliance manufacturer to produce an undercounter wine refrigerator for residential wine storage.", "The Wine Captain features three temperature zones within the same cabinet to offer proper storage conditions for different varieties of wine.", "1987\nU-Line develops and patents the industry's first solid state ice maker.", "Display lights and sound tones alert users when defrosting and other maintenance functions are required.", "1991\nU-Line is the first to develop frost-free freezer technology in undercounter refrigeration.", "1993\nU-Line is the first North American appliance manufacturer to eliminate chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from its foam insulation - more than two years ahead of the scheduled federal government mandate.", "1998\nU-Line designs and develops the CLR60 clear ice maker, which can produce more than 60 pounds of clear ice cubes per day.", "2001\nU-Line introduces the Échelon Series, a diverse collection of luxury ice makers, combination ice maker/refrigerators, wine storage units, refrigerators and refrigerator/freezers.", "2014\nMiddleby Corporation acquires U-Line.", "U-Line is headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.", "Because their products are aimed at a more affluent demographic, they are not commonly found in national appliance chains, but rather in local upscale retailers." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ]

[ "U-Line Corporation is an American manufacturer of upscale undercounter refrigeration products, primarily intended for residential use with fast ice production and minimal electricity use.", "U-Line was founded in 1962 by Henry Uihlein who was the first to patent and bring to market an automatic stand-alone undercounter residential ice maker.", "Based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U-Line has since introduced several other undercounter \"firsts,\" including the first combination refrigerator/ice maker (1971), the first portable ice maker (1971), the first 12v DC marine/mobile ice maker (1983), and the first residential wine refrigeration system (1985)." ]

[ "Genera and species within the family Cheeneetnukiidae include:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "The Tripura Land Revenue and Reforms Act of 1960 can be seen as a source of Tripuri grievances against Bengali peoples.", "This act stated that any person who came into Tripura would be considered as an illegal trespasser.", "The Tripuri people considered Bengalis trespassers in their land so they wanted this act to take full effect.", "Another grievance for the Tripuri people was the fact that immigrants made up more of the population than the natives and they felt that their land was being taken over by Bengalis, who make up the majority of the population.", "The organization began as a tribal group made up of extremists but eventually started recruiting tribal youth.", "This helped to grow the group and make it more powerful.", "By 1991, the group was a full-fledged terrorist organization.", "This group was founded under the name \"All Tripura Tribal Force\".", "In 1992, the group changed the name from \"All Tripura Tribal Force\" to \"All Tripura Tiger Force\".", "The group has various training camps spread throughout the Srimongal and Moulavibazar districts of Bangladesh.", "In 1993, a memorandum was issued by the ATTF.", "It expressed the idea that the members of All Tripura Tiger Force wished to stop their violent struggle against the Bengali people.", "The document also stated that there have been peace talks between the government of Tripura and the ATTF.", "Some members of the group decided to stay in the organization even with the memorandum, others left the group and renounced terrorism.", "After some group members left, the All Tripura Tiger Force was partly revived through the renewed vivacity of the remaining members.", "However, at the time of the memorandum, the group was at its strongest point yet with 1600 members.", "Now, the group is said to have about 600 members.", "In 1997, the Indian government issued a ban under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act against the ATTF due to the rioting caused by ethnic division in the Tripura region.", "In 2004, there was a movement for peace with the Bengali peoples but it never came to pass.", "This was a move for peace led by Ranjit Debbarma that came with conditions.", "The primary condition was that Bengalis who entered Tripura after 1949 should be considered foreigners.", "All the conditions of Debbarma's demands were denied and no further progress towards peace has been made.", "In October 2018, the Indian government denounced the All Tripura Tiger Force and The National Liberation Front of Tripura for its violent activities.", "The ATTF and NLFT were given the chance in 2019 to defend their recent actions when a team from the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs investigated both the organizations.", "They hoped to prevent the organization from being named as terrorist by the government of India.", "In January 2019 The MHA tribunal recorded A fresh ban of five years was imposed on NLFT and ATTF, along with all their factions, wings and frontal organisations, on October 3 for their “violent and subversive activities”, which aim at the establishment of an independent nation by the secession of Tripura from India through armed struggle.", "In May 2019 the authorities continued for five more years the actual ban they have with the ATTF and the National Liberation Front of Tripura despite its partial demobilization", "The Global Terrorism Database stated that the group had been operating under or with the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA).", "The group has been linked to other banned organizations such as the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang (NSCN-K), the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the United National Liberation Front (UNLF), the People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), the Revolutionary Peoples Front (RPF), and the National Liberation Front of Arunach Pradesh (NFLA).", "These groups were said to have been linked through extortion and drug-trafficking networks that cross the border between India and Bangladesh.", "The ATTF was caught in 2003 smuggling ammunition and explosives from Bangladesh to Nepal for Maoist insurgents.", "The Bangladesh RAB (Rapid Action Battalion) uncovered various All Tripura Tiger Force hideouts with large amounts of ammunition and explosives scattered along the Satchhari Forest, close to their headquarters in Tarabon.", "According to the Global Terrorism Database, the ATTF committed 7 claimed attacks and another 7 suspected attacks.", "The first claimed attack occurred in October 1992.", "The latest recorded attacks was committed in November 2017.", "The attack was an armed assault on police patrol which left four policemen dead.", "While all of their attacks have had relatively few casualties, their most lethal attack was in May 2003.", "The attack occurred in Mohorcherra, India against civilians and resulted in a total of 19 deaths.", "As of 2016, the leadership of the group is as follows:\n\n\n\nRanjit Debbarma was arrested in 2017 on sedition charges and was also thought to have been trying to form a new regime of terrorism in Tripura with the All Tripura Tiger Force and the National Liberation Front of Tripura.", "He was also arrested in Dhaka in 2012.", "To rid all Bengali peoples from Tripuri areas, specifically those who entered after 1956\nThe returning of Tripuri lands to their original owners as provided under the act of 1960\nTo make the Tripura Merger Agreement of 1949 happen in the region." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 ]

[ "The All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) was a Tripuri nationalist militant group active in India's Tripura State.", "The ATTF is considered a terrorist organisation by India.", "The group was said to have been formed as the armed wing of the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) but split into its own organization." ]

[ "The Tripura Land Revenue and Reforms Act of 1960 can be seen as a source of Tripuri grievances against Bengali peoples.", "This act stated that any person who came into Tripura would be considered as an illegal trespasser.", "The Tripuri people considered Bengalis trespassers in their land so they wanted this act to take full effect.", "Another grievance for the Tripuri people was the fact that immigrants made up more of the population than the natives and they felt that their land was being taken over by Bengalis, who make up the majority of the population.", "The organization began as a tribal group made up of extremists but eventually started recruiting tribal youth.", "This helped to grow the group and make it more powerful.", "By 1991, the group was a full-fledged terrorist organization.", "This group was founded under the name \"All Tripura Tribal Force\".", "In 1992, the group changed the name from \"All Tripura Tribal Force\" to \"All Tripura Tiger Force\".", "The group has various training camps spread throughout the Srimongal and Moulavibazar districts of Bangladesh.", "In 1993, a memorandum was issued by the ATTF.", "It expressed the idea that the members of All Tripura Tiger Force wished to stop their violent struggle against the Bengali people.", "The document also stated that there have been peace talks between the government of Tripura and the ATTF.", "Some members of the group decided to stay in the organization even with the memorandum, others left the group and renounced terrorism.", "After some group members left, the All Tripura Tiger Force was partly revived through the renewed vivacity of the remaining members.", "However, at the time of the memorandum, the group was at its strongest point yet with 1600 members.", "Now, the group is said to have about 600 members.", "In 1997, the Indian government issued a ban under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act against the ATTF due to the rioting caused by ethnic division in the Tripura region.", "In 2004, there was a movement for peace with the Bengali peoples but it never came to pass.", "This was a move for peace led by Ranjit Debbarma that came with conditions.", "The primary condition was that Bengalis who entered Tripura after 1949 should be considered foreigners.", "All the conditions of Debbarma's demands were denied and no further progress towards peace has been made.", "In October 2018, the Indian government denounced the All Tripura Tiger Force and The National Liberation Front of Tripura for its violent activities.", "The ATTF and NLFT were given the chance in 2019 to defend their recent actions when a team from the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs investigated both the organizations.", "They hoped to prevent the organization from being named as terrorist by the government of India.", "In January 2019 The MHA tribunal recorded A fresh ban of five years was imposed on NLFT and ATTF, along with all their factions, wings and frontal organisations, on October 3 for their “violent and subversive activities”, which aim at the establishment of an independent nation by the secession of Tripura from India through armed struggle.", "In May 2019 the authorities continued for five more years the actual ban they have with the ATTF and the National Liberation Front of Tripura despite its partial demobilization", "The Global Terrorism Database stated that the group had been operating under or with the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA).", "The group has been linked to other banned organizations such as the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang (NSCN-K), the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the United National Liberation Front (UNLF), the People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), the Revolutionary Peoples Front (RPF), and the National Liberation Front of Arunach Pradesh (NFLA).", "These groups were said to have been linked through extortion and drug-trafficking networks that cross the border between India and Bangladesh.", "The ATTF was caught in 2003 smuggling ammunition and explosives from Bangladesh to Nepal for Maoist insurgents.", "The Bangladesh RAB (Rapid Action Battalion) uncovered various All Tripura Tiger Force hideouts with large amounts of ammunition and explosives scattered along the Satchhari Forest, close to their headquarters in Tarabon.", "According to the Global Terrorism Database, the ATTF committed 7 claimed attacks and another 7 suspected attacks.", "The first claimed attack occurred in October 1992.", "The latest recorded attacks was committed in November 2017.", "The attack was an armed assault on police patrol which left four policemen dead.", "While all of their attacks have had relatively few casualties, their most lethal attack was in May 2003.", "The attack occurred in Mohorcherra, India against civilians and resulted in a total of 19 deaths.", "As of 2016, the leadership of the group is as follows:\n\n\n\nRanjit Debbarma was arrested in 2017 on sedition charges and was also thought to have been trying to form a new regime of terrorism in Tripura with the All Tripura Tiger Force and the National Liberation Front of Tripura.", "He was also arrested in Dhaka in 2012.", "To rid all Bengali peoples from Tripuri areas, specifically those who entered after 1956\nThe returning of Tripuri lands to their original owners as provided under the act of 1960\nTo make the Tripura Merger Agreement of 1949 happen in the region." ]

[ 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 ]

[ "The group was headquartered in Tarabon in Bangladesh." ]

[ "The Tripura Land Revenue and Reforms Act of 1960 can be seen as a source of Tripuri grievances against Bengali peoples.", "This act stated that any person who came into Tripura would be considered as an illegal trespasser.", "The Tripuri people considered Bengalis trespassers in their land so they wanted this act to take full effect.", "Another grievance for the Tripuri people was the fact that immigrants made up more of the population than the natives and they felt that their land was being taken over by Bengalis, who make up the majority of the population.", "The organization began as a tribal group made up of extremists but eventually started recruiting tribal youth.", "This helped to grow the group and make it more powerful.", "By 1991, the group was a full-fledged terrorist organization.", "This group was founded under the name \"All Tripura Tribal Force\".", "In 1992, the group changed the name from \"All Tripura Tribal Force\" to \"All Tripura Tiger Force\".", "The group has various training camps spread throughout the Srimongal and Moulavibazar districts of Bangladesh.", "In 1993, a memorandum was issued by the ATTF.", "It expressed the idea that the members of All Tripura Tiger Force wished to stop their violent struggle against the Bengali people.", "The document also stated that there have been peace talks between the government of Tripura and the ATTF.", "Some members of the group decided to stay in the organization even with the memorandum, others left the group and renounced terrorism.", "After some group members left, the All Tripura Tiger Force was partly revived through the renewed vivacity of the remaining members.", "However, at the time of the memorandum, the group was at its strongest point yet with 1600 members.", "Now, the group is said to have about 600 members.", "In 1997, the Indian government issued a ban under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act against the ATTF due to the rioting caused by ethnic division in the Tripura region.", "In 2004, there was a movement for peace with the Bengali peoples but it never came to pass.", "This was a move for peace led by Ranjit Debbarma that came with conditions.", "The primary condition was that Bengalis who entered Tripura after 1949 should be considered foreigners.", "All the conditions of Debbarma's demands were denied and no further progress towards peace has been made.", "In October 2018, the Indian government denounced the All Tripura Tiger Force and The National Liberation Front of Tripura for its violent activities.", "The ATTF and NLFT were given the chance in 2019 to defend their recent actions when a team from the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs investigated both the organizations.", "They hoped to prevent the organization from being named as terrorist by the government of India.", "In January 2019 The MHA tribunal recorded A fresh ban of five years was imposed on NLFT and ATTF, along with all their factions, wings and frontal organisations, on October 3 for their “violent and subversive activities”, which aim at the establishment of an independent nation by the secession of Tripura from India through armed struggle.", "In May 2019 the authorities continued for five more years the actual ban they have with the ATTF and the National Liberation Front of Tripura despite its partial demobilization", "The Global Terrorism Database stated that the group had been operating under or with the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA).", "The group has been linked to other banned organizations such as the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang (NSCN-K), the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the United National Liberation Front (UNLF), the People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), the Revolutionary Peoples Front (RPF), and the National Liberation Front of Arunach Pradesh (NFLA).", "These groups were said to have been linked through extortion and drug-trafficking networks that cross the border between India and Bangladesh.", "The ATTF was caught in 2003 smuggling ammunition and explosives from Bangladesh to Nepal for Maoist insurgents.", "The Bangladesh RAB (Rapid Action Battalion) uncovered various All Tripura Tiger Force hideouts with large amounts of ammunition and explosives scattered along the Satchhari Forest, close to their headquarters in Tarabon.", "According to the Global Terrorism Database, the ATTF committed 7 claimed attacks and another 7 suspected attacks.", "The first claimed attack occurred in October 1992.", "The latest recorded attacks was committed in November 2017.", "The attack was an armed assault on police patrol which left four policemen dead.", "While all of their attacks have had relatively few casualties, their most lethal attack was in May 2003.", "The attack occurred in Mohorcherra, India against civilians and resulted in a total of 19 deaths.", "As of 2016, the leadership of the group is as follows:\n\n\n\nRanjit Debbarma was arrested in 2017 on sedition charges and was also thought to have been trying to form a new regime of terrorism in Tripura with the All Tripura Tiger Force and the National Liberation Front of Tripura.", "He was also arrested in Dhaka in 2012.", "To rid all Bengali peoples from Tripuri areas, specifically those who entered after 1956\nThe returning of Tripuri lands to their original owners as provided under the act of 1960\nTo make the Tripura Merger Agreement of 1949 happen in the region." ]

[ 38, 39 ]

[ "It was founded on 11 July 1990, by a group of former Tripura National Volunteer members under the leadership of Ranjit Debbarma." ]

[ "Warfield joined the Royal Air Force on 29 December 1930 on a short service commission and commenced training at the RAF Central Depot, RAF Uxbridge and two months later transferred to the No. 2 Flying Training School as a pilot under instruction.", "On 29 December 1931 he was posted as a pilot in the rank of Pilot Officer to No. 13 Squadron RAF.", "Promoted to Flying Officer in August 1932 and Flight Lieutenant in April 1936, Warfield was appointed as a flight commander on 13 Squadron before being posted to as a supernumerary officer at the Air Armaments School just three months later.", "Following his course on 3 July 1937 he was posted as Armament Officer at No. 5 Armament Training Establishment at RAF Penrhos.", "The following year he was posted overseas to RAF Kalafrana seaplane base on Malta where he was promoted to Squadron Leader.", "In February 1939, just before the Second World War started, Warfield was appointed as Command Armament Staff Officer at HQ Mediterranean Command at RAF Luqa serving under Air Vice Marshal Hugh Lloyd, a post he held until the spring of 1941 when he was promoted to Wing Commander and appointed as Officer Commanding of the Malta airbase RAF Ta' Qali.", "In December 1942 Warfield returned to the UK and was appointed as Officer Commanding No. 226 Squadron RAF flying Douglas Boston III twin engined bombers from RAF Wattisham in support of the United States Air Force during daylight raids over Germany.", "In April 1943 Warfield was promoted in temporary rank of Group Captain and served as the station commander of RAF Wattisham where he remained until near the end of the war, when he was reverted to the rank of Wing Commander briefly.", "When the war finished he was serving as Senior Officer Administration at Headquarters No 12 Group RAF.", "Immediately after the war Warfield was involved in the conflict with communist guerrilla forces on the Malayan Peninsula that created the Malayan Union.", "He was posted as Command Armament Officer at Headquarters Far Eastern Air Command.", "The following year he was promoted as a substantive Group Captain and appointed as Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) at Air Headquarters Malaya, later moving to Advance AHQ Malaya.", "In 1950 Warfield returned to the UK as Officer Commanding RAF Waddington in Lincolnshire.", "In September 1955 Warfield was promoted to Acting Air Commodore as Air Officer Commanding No. 66", "(Scottish) Group RAF.", "In January 1957 the Air Commodore rank was made substantive and he was appointed as Air Officer Administration at Headquarters British Forces Arabian Peninsula.", "On 29 June 1959 Warfield took over as Commandant Royal Observer Corps from Air Commodore J H T Simpson.", "The ROC was Warfield's final service appointment and he retired on 26 June 1961, handing over command to Air Commodore C M Wight-Boycott." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "Air Commodore John Mortimer Warfield CBE RAF was a bomber pilot during the Second World War, a senior RAF staff officer and commander during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s and, as an Air Commodore in his final tour, the ninth Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps." ]

[ "Warfield joined the Royal Air Force on 29 December 1930 on a short service commission and commenced training at the RAF Central Depot, RAF Uxbridge and two months later transferred to the No. 2 Flying Training School as a pilot under instruction.", "On 29 December 1931 he was posted as a pilot in the rank of Pilot Officer to No. 13 Squadron RAF.", "Promoted to Flying Officer in August 1932 and Flight Lieutenant in April 1936, Warfield was appointed as a flight commander on 13 Squadron before being posted to as a supernumerary officer at the Air Armaments School just three months later.", "Following his course on 3 July 1937 he was posted as Armament Officer at No. 5 Armament Training Establishment at RAF Penrhos.", "The following year he was posted overseas to RAF Kalafrana seaplane base on Malta where he was promoted to Squadron Leader.", "In February 1939, just before the Second World War started, Warfield was appointed as Command Armament Staff Officer at HQ Mediterranean Command at RAF Luqa serving under Air Vice Marshal Hugh Lloyd, a post he held until the spring of 1941 when he was promoted to Wing Commander and appointed as Officer Commanding of the Malta airbase RAF Ta' Qali.", "In December 1942 Warfield returned to the UK and was appointed as Officer Commanding No. 226 Squadron RAF flying Douglas Boston III twin engined bombers from RAF Wattisham in support of the United States Air Force during daylight raids over Germany.", "In April 1943 Warfield was promoted in temporary rank of Group Captain and served as the station commander of RAF Wattisham where he remained until near the end of the war, when he was reverted to the rank of Wing Commander briefly.", "When the war finished he was serving as Senior Officer Administration at Headquarters No 12 Group RAF.", "Immediately after the war Warfield was involved in the conflict with communist guerrilla forces on the Malayan Peninsula that created the Malayan Union.", "He was posted as Command Armament Officer at Headquarters Far Eastern Air Command.", "The following year he was promoted as a substantive Group Captain and appointed as Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) at Air Headquarters Malaya, later moving to Advance AHQ Malaya.", "In 1950 Warfield returned to the UK as Officer Commanding RAF Waddington in Lincolnshire.", "In September 1955 Warfield was promoted to Acting Air Commodore as Air Officer Commanding No. 66", "(Scottish) Group RAF.", "In January 1957 the Air Commodore rank was made substantive and he was appointed as Air Officer Administration at Headquarters British Forces Arabian Peninsula.", "On 29 June 1959 Warfield took over as Commandant Royal Observer Corps from Air Commodore J H T Simpson.", "The ROC was Warfield's final service appointment and he retired on 26 June 1961, handing over command to Air Commodore C M Wight-Boycott." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "Air Commodore John Mortimer Warfield CBE RAF was a bomber pilot during the Second World War, a senior RAF staff officer and commander during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s and, as an Air Commodore in his final tour, the ninth Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps." ]

[ "Genera within the family Tychobraheidae include: external_link_1" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "As of 2013, the band has released two albums.", "Both have consisted of either cover songs or poems set to music.", "The first, Lawson, was a collection of Henry Lawson poems put to music.", "This marked the first collaboration between John Schumann, Hugh McDonald, and Michael Atkinson since Schumann left Redgum back in 1986.", "Their second album was Behind the Lines, an album based largely around the theme of Australians at war.", "It also featured Hugh McDonald, although Michael Atkinson did not participate.", "The band provided the music for \"Lawson\", a one-man stage show by Max Cullen based on the life of Henry Lawson.", "They played in Vietnam to mark the 40th anniversary of the Battle of Long Tan, the most famous engagement involving Australians during the Vietnam War.", "The group has played many concerts and festivals, especially around Anzac Day.", "They have also played overseas for Australian forces several times.", "In December 2009 they visited East Timor to play for Australian and New Zealand troops stationed there, in September–October 2011 they played for Australian troops in Afghanistan and in July 2013 they played for Australian troops and Australian Federal Police in the Solomon Islands." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

[ "The band's name is taken from a line in Henry Lawson's poem \"Knocking Around\"." ]

[ "Genera within the family Eucochlidae include:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "Genera within the family Eucyclidae include:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGenera brought into synonymy:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "Genera within the family Laubellidae include:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "Genera within the family Discohelicidae include:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "The family Abyssochrysidae was previously placed in the \"Zygopleuroid group\" (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).", "This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).", "In 2008, the sister group Provannidae was moved into the superfamily Abyssochrysoidea Tomlin, 1927 by Kain et al.", "and the family Abyssochrysidae was also moved into the superfamily Abyssochrysoidea.", "Genera within this family include:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Abyssochrysidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)." ]

[ "The initiative authorizes $5 billion in bonds paid from state’s General Fund, allocated approximately as follows:", "According to the government's fiscal analysis office, the initiative would entail:", "Reports filed through December 31, 2008 listed four major donors to the initiative:\n\n\nOn August 11, it was disclosed that U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi is an investor in CEFC.,\nTodd Campbell, Clean Energy's public policy director, in response to criticisms about CLNE sponsoring Prop. 10 because of potential benefits to the company told an \"'Associated Press\" reporter, \"I don’t think it’s a given that Clean Energy is going to cash in.", "I wish it were that simple.\"", "The main arguments offered in favor of Prop. 10 are:", "Prop. 10 was qualified for the ballot through a petition drive conducted by Progressive Campaigns, Inc., at a cost of $2,418,178 and Forde and Mollrich, which was paid $660,084 for signatures.", "The total signature cost was $3,078,263.", "The Los Angeles Times editorialized against Prop. 10 on September 19, saying, \"Spending bond money on something as intangible as privately owned vehicles is a terrible idea\" The Santa Monica Mirror said, \"Self-serving Prop. 10 sounds good, should lose\".", "The San Francisco Chronicle is opposed, writing, \"The chief backer and bill payer for the measure is T. Boone Pickens, the folksy Texas oilman and apostle for energy independence who founded a firm that just happens to supply natural gas for cars and trucks\"." ]

[ 7, 8 ]

[ "Proposition 10 was funded by Clean Energy Fuels Corp., a corporation owned by T. Boone Pickens." ]

[ "The initiative authorizes $5 billion in bonds paid from state’s General Fund, allocated approximately as follows:", "According to the government's fiscal analysis office, the initiative would entail:", "Reports filed through December 31, 2008 listed four major donors to the initiative:\n\n\nOn August 11, it was disclosed that U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi is an investor in CEFC.,\nTodd Campbell, Clean Energy's public policy director, in response to criticisms about CLNE sponsoring Prop. 10 because of potential benefits to the company told an \"'Associated Press\" reporter, \"I don’t think it’s a given that Clean Energy is going to cash in.", "I wish it were that simple.\"", "The main arguments offered in favor of Prop. 10 are:", "Prop. 10 was qualified for the ballot through a petition drive conducted by Progressive Campaigns, Inc., at a cost of $2,418,178 and Forde and Mollrich, which was paid $660,084 for signatures.", "The total signature cost was $3,078,263.", "The Los Angeles Times editorialized against Prop. 10 on September 19, saying, \"Spending bond money on something as intangible as privately owned vehicles is a terrible idea\" The Santa Monica Mirror said, \"Self-serving Prop. 10 sounds good, should lose\".", "The San Francisco Chronicle is opposed, writing, \"The chief backer and bill payer for the measure is T. Boone Pickens, the folksy Texas oilman and apostle for energy independence who founded a firm that just happens to supply natural gas for cars and trucks\"." ]

[ 7, 8 ]

[ "Proposition 10 was funded by Clean Energy Fuels Corp., a corporation owned by T. Boone Pickens." ]

[ "The table below is the list compiled by \"Forbes Asia\", comparing movement from the previous year:\n Up until 2013, the list included Australia's 40 Richest people; expanded to Australia's 50 Richest people in 2013.", "The table below is an extract from the list compiled by \"Forbes Asia\" showing individuals who were once on the list yet are not on the current list.", "Where appropriate, the list compares movement from previous years:\n Paul Ramsay died in May 2014, five months after the 2014 list was published.", "Ian Norman died in May 2014, five months after the 2014 list was published.", "Bob Oatley died in January 2016, seven months after the 2015 list was published.", "Blair Parry-Okeden appeared on the list of Australians by net worth in 2016 only.", "She is a US-citizen and, despite living in Australia, is not eligible for admission on the list." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "The \"Forbes\" list of Australia's 50 richest people is a list of Australia's fifty wealthiest individuals and families, ranked by personal net worth published annually by \"Forbes Asia\" magazine.", "Prior to 2013, the list included the forty richest people in Australia; expanded to Australia's fifty wealthiest individuals and families in 2013." ]

[ "Genera within the family \"Maizaniidae\" include:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "This family has no subfamilies." ]

[ "Of all the local subgroups of Duano people, the most studied are found on the west coast of the Malaysian state of Johor, where they receive government services such as healthcare, police, education and infrastructure.", "In Malaysia, they are called Orang Kuala and are officially recognized as Orang Asli population, the general name for indigenous people in Peninsular Malaysia.", "In Indonesia, the Duano' people are called Desin Dolak (alternatively Desin Dola', Desin Dolak or Desin Dolaq), and are not included in the official statistics.", "The name Desin Dola' is only a translation into the Duano' language of the Malay term for Orang Laut, where \"desin\" means \"people\" and \"dolak\" means \"sea\".", "Early sources of history and ethnography in the region referred to certain local groups of Duano' as \"Orang Laut Bugis\" (J.G. Schot, 1884), \"Orang Lahut\" (Tassillo Adam, 1928) and \"Sendaur\" (H. Kähler, 1949).", "This is likely the cause of confusion regarding the correct name of the group.", "They refer to themselves as Desin Duano', or simply Duano'.", "In Malaysia, as noted by Sharifudin Mohamed Yusuf, only the older generation remembers Duano' as the true name of their tribe, since it has been almost completely replaced by the official name, Orang Kuala.", "The Duano' people live on both sides of the Straits of Malacca, but the group on the Malaysian side is much smaller.", "Within Indonesia, the Duano' people settle the east coast of Sumatra and nearby islands, along a strip of coast between Bengkalis Island and the mouth of the Kampar River in the west, and the delta of the Batang Hari River in the east, including the western part of the Riau Archipelago, within the provinces of Riau, the Riau Islands and Jambi.", "Duano' villages in Indonesia are located on Bengkalis Island, Kundur Island, Burung Island, Bangkong Island, Punai Island, Mendulang Island, as well as Tanjung Datu, Pasang Api, Istira, Batang Tuato, Djamih, Perigi Radja, Concong Luar (Kuala Langan), including estuaries located in Batang Hari River, Kateman River, Kampar River, Tungkal River, Retih River and Indragiri River.", "In Indonesia, most Duano' people live in the Indragiri Hilir Regency in eastern Riau Province.", "Generally speaking, when determining the area of resettlement for the Duano' people, it is necessary to take into consideration their lifestyle.", "They are always on the move, and villages are seen as providing only temporary shelter.", "The Duano' people could easily leave their village and if necessary, settle in a new place.", "In West Peninsular Malaysia, Duano' villages are located on the southwest coast, mainly in estuaries in Batu Pahat District and Pontian District in the state of Johor.", "They are located in towns like Lenga, Semerah, Minyak Beku, Senggarang, Rengit, Kuala Benut, Pontian Besar and Sungai Layau.", "Today, the Duano' people no longer form a single ethnic settlement, instead, there are only isolated villages, often among the settlements of other ethnicities, mainly the ethnic Malays and Chinese.", "The east coast of Sumatra is almost entirely covered by mangrove forests and swamps, making it almost inaccessible.", "Inland areas can only be reached by river transport.", "Similar natural conditions exist on the west coast of Johor, on the other side of the Strait of Malacca.", "Until recent development, the mangrove forests and swamps between the Kluang District and Kulai District were inaccessible, except via river mouths as wide as 20 km.", "These rivers flow into the shallow straits, and the Duano' settlements are found directly adjacent to the river mouths.", "Just inland are Malay villages, often with the same placenames.", "In these villages, there are Chinese stores where local fishermen can come to sell their products and buy necessities that are not available locally.", "In the last 20 years of the 20th century, roads linking the cities of Johor Bahru and Malacca were laid through the Batu Pahat District.", "These roads ended the isolation of the coastal region, and now the Duano' villages can be found further inland on Peninsular Malaysia.", "In Malaysia government authorities track and provide services to the indigenous peoples of the Peninsular Malaysia, so there are good statistics regarding the population of Orang Asli, and in particular, the Orang Kuala.", "According to official data the population of Duano' (Kuala) people in Malaysia has been as follows:\nAs for statistics on the Duano' in Indonesia, there are only estimates.", "For example, according to Ethnologue's data, there are 15,000 (2006, SIL) Duano' people in Indonesia and 19,000 (2006, E. Seidlitz) globally.", "Data from the 2017 Joshua Project estimates that there are 18,000 in Indonesia and 4,800 in Malaysia, for a total of 22,800 people.", "The Duano' language belongs to the Malayan languages group, along with Indonesian language, Standard Malay language, Minangkabau language and many others.", "Along with other 35 languages,\nit is credited with Malay (macrolanguage).", "So far the Duano' language has not been thoroughly studied by any linguists.", "At different times, separate lists of words were identified, which are attributed with the Duano' language.", "In the early 2000s, Mohd Sharifudin Yusop for the first time in his field research conducted in the territory of the Malaysian state of Johor, composed the list of Duano' words presented in phonetic form.", "Using these records, the reader will be able to correctly pronounce the Duano' words, even if one has never spoken to the native speakers.", "The results were published in 2013.", "An analysis of existing word lists suggests that the Duano' language is close to the Malay language.", "The discrepancies between them consist mainly of minor phonetic differences.", "However, the Duano' language contains a whole group of words denoting action, body parts and various natural objects; for which it is difficult to determine their origin.", "Because of this, as well as the presence of a number of pronouns, questioning words, prefixes and adverbs, which are quite different from the Malay language, that it is incomprehensible to the Malay people.", "In general, it can be said that, although the Duano' language is different from Malay language, there are every reason to consider it as one of the Malay dialects, which is slightly different from the Standard Malay language compared to, for instance, the Minangkabau language.", "In the Indonesian territory, the Duano' language continues to be actively used.", "Another is the situation in Malaysia, where it is vigorously supplanted by Standard Malay language, while most of the older generation are still able to converse in their native language.", "In Malaysia, the Duano' language is threatened with decay.", "In addition to their native language, most of the Duano' people are able to speak the Malay language (Bradley 2007a).", "Duano' people does not have a proper written language.", "The level of literacy among the Malaysian Duano' people in the Malay language is about 50%.", "Its place in the classification of the Austronesian languages remains unclear to this day.", "The history of the Duano' people, as well as the history of other stateless people, who lived in harmony with nature and led an appropriate way of life, is virtually unknown.", "There are no records about them in the historical sources of their neighboring peoples, and the oral tradition of the people is very poor.", "The records of J.G. Schot (1884) mentions the historical tradition of the Orang Laut Bugis people, one of the Duano' local groups living in the Indragiri Hilir Regency in the east of the Indonesian province of Riau.", "They considered themselves descendants of the Bugis people, who, after participating in the wars in Johor against Raja Kecil (Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah of Johor) in the early 18th century, found shelter in the river mouth of the Indragiri River.", "Subsequently, a disaster destroyed their villages and caused many deaths; they vowed to no longer live in huts on the land and since then chose to remain in their boats.", "In this legend there are two themes, firstly the destruction of the original village, a very common folktale among the sea nomads of the region, and secondly the theme of Bugis domination.", "Of course, there is no reason to associate the Orang Laut Bugis people with the true Bugis people.", "Dictionary of the Orang Laut Bugis language, compiled by Shelter, fully corresponds to the Duano' language and therefore, has little in common with the Bugis language of the island of Sulawesi.", "On the other hand, the Bugis people in the 18th century had actively pursued commercial activities in the Riau Archipelago.", "They might well have close business relationships with certain groups of the Duano' people.", "The Bugis people during this period also occupied leading positions in a number of Malay sultanates, including in Johor.", "It is not surprising, then, that the Duano' people, to whom their Malay neighbors were contemptuous, sought an alliance, whether true or apparently, with representatives of this prestigious group of people.", "Unlike the Malay people, the Bugis people have always been kind to the indigenous population, as they were interested in the local's services as experts of the coast of the region.", "In the 19th century, the Duano' people began to accept Islam.", "After which they had already appeared on the territory of modern Malaysia.", "Malaysian Orang Kuala people are believed to be descended from the Bengkalis Island.", "In regards to religion, the Duano' people are Muslims.", "They were converted to Islam in the 19th century.", "In Malaysia, where the question of religion is related to the official status of the people, the Duano' people insist that they are not pagans, as they do not eat pork or dugongs, do not have dogs on their boats and therefore cannot be considered in the same category as with other indigenous Orang Asli people of the peninsular part of the country.", "They are also advocates of Islam, according to official statistics held in Malaysia.", "Thus, according to JHEOA 1997, in Johor, all 2,918 Orang Kuala were Muslims.", "Despite the fact that the Duano' people have long been advocates of Islam, they are not diligent in daily prayers, nor do they visit mosques regularly, and do not usually attend to Friday prayers.", "It happens that during the execution of Muslim rituals, the Duano' people are always carefree, and in turn, offending the feelings of other believers.", "Another norm not seen in the Duano' people is also the typical of Muslims social segregation by gender.", "In their everyday practice, the Duano' people often turn to their pre-Islamic traditional animistic beliefs.", "They believe that the world around them is filled with the spirits of nature (Malay language, \"hantu\").", "Causing dissatisfaction with the spirits, according to their beliefs, can result in one's illness, conflict, and death.", "A fisherman who dares to throw a fishing net in the rainy season without having fulfilled a pre-established ritual will inevitably suffer from it.", "The Duano' people have their own spiritual healers, who, in their opinion, have supernatural abilities.", "The only way to treat is to cast spell on the spirits.", "At the same time, the Duano' people do not speak about their traditional religion, emphasizing their beliefs in Islam in every possible way.", "The Duano' people have developed a highly specialized complex economic, based on rich, but very limited variety of composition, local natural resources.", "Their villages are on the very edge of the land, usually in the river mouths and quite close to the seaside coast.", "During the sea tides, the water level rises high.", "The Duano' people place their huts on a narrow marshy land strip that appears along the mangrove thickets only during the outflow.", "Duano' buildings are made of wooden platforms, mounted on stilts, and resemble like bridges.", "On this platform, there is a living room, as well as a spacious area for drying nets and drying fish.", "All the designs are casually built from wooden boards.", "For example, the Duano' village of Kuala Benut in Malaysia, located at the mouth of the same name Benut River, where in 1967 there were about 60 of such huts.", "During flood the water reaches up to the floor of their houses.", "During a flood the wooden stairs allow one to descend from the platform to the ground where the boats are.", "Almost every Duano' family has a boat.", "There are two main types of boats that they buy or build.", "The \"jelo 'penat\" is a dugout-boat with a keel.", "Another type is a bigger boat called \"kota\"'.", "They have a dry palm leaf \"atap\" (roofing) and are able to seat a family on board.", "In Malay language, this type of boat is called \"sampan kotak\".", "The main occupation of the Duano' people is fishing.", "Fishes are caught in the river mouths, trapping them with a net, or in the open sea with grids, fishing line or traps.", "Additionally, mollusks and other marine life that are found in the mud by the coast are harvested.", "For this purpose, they use a special board called \"papantungka\".", "There is no division of labor by gender in the Duano' society.", "Only young mothers caring for small children are exempted from fishing.", "Although the Duano' people are often counted as part of the Orang laut, they are not sea nomads.", "Though they can live for a long time in their boats and go to sea for fishing, they would still return to their village by the coast.", "When, for example, in May, the southern winds interfere with navigation in the Strait of Malacca, the Duano' people often go to the eastern coast of the Malaysian Peninsula.", "Thus, we can say that their practices are seasonally based.", "At the same time, their migrations pattern have always taken place and occur in a limited area, where for centuries their places have remained practically in the same region.", "Their villages are not permanent, people can easily change the location of the village, usually due to the variability of the coastline.", "The Duano' people are well known in the local waters, as it is also known to all Orang laut tribes living in the region.", "Fish and seafood are used for both own consumption and for sale.", "One of the unique traditions of the Duano' people is to gather and harvest sumbun (Solen grandis) once a year.", "Sumbun is a type of a local razor clam that is a favorite delicacy of the Duano' community in Jambi, Indonesia.", "This habit of catching the sumbun is common among the Duano' people and many of those that inhabit the east coast of Jambi, Indonesia, especially in East Tanjung Jabung Regency and West Tanjung Jabung Regency.", "Sumbun is generally known to be found in China, West Kalimantan, and in the waters of Jambi, as well as parts of Riau Islands, Indonesia.", "In fact, these sumbuns that are found in muddy waters made East Tanjung Jabung Regency as one of three special regions of sumbun producers in Indonesia.", "Harvesting of the sumbun is a unique tradition of the locals with the potential for further development.", "The harvesting and gathering of sumbun can be introduced through this tradition, especially in Jambi due to the uniqueness of the region's water biota.", "The special dish of the local Duano' community is the sumbun soup, which is known of its soft and uniquely distinct meat.", "The traditional way of managing their welfare does not allow these people to provide themselves with everything that they need.", "Clothing, foods and vegetables are bought from the neighboring Chinese or Malay population.", "They themselves offer fish and seafood.", "For this purpose, the Duano' people are regularly to go to the shops in the city, where they would carry out trading operations and store fresh water.", "It is generally known that the Duano' people are simple and peaceful.", "They are not particularly attracted to modern technology and only a small percentage graduate high school.", "At the same time, contacts with the outside world are important.", "In Malaysia, the Duanp' people, like all of the other Orang Asli tribes, are supported by the Department of Orang Asli Development (JAKOA).", "Employees of the department regularly visit the Duano' community to implement various social, economic and educational programs.", "People are increasingly integrating into mainstream culture.", "They borrowed many aspects of Malay culture and lifestyle.", "The traditional life of the Duano' people in Malaysia has now undergone significant changes.", "Their settlements have also appeared in inland areas, where their livelihood is not connected with the sea.", "There are some existing small Duano' farms and plantations.", "While some of them are hired in the industry and agriculture.", "The development of infrastructure in the region has made it easier for them to travel to work in large cities.", "Some of the Duano' people have achieved some success in business or working in the service sector.", "At least one Duano' village specializes in the restoration and sale of used furniture.", "But the leading branch of the economy remains, as before, the fishery, although here the increasing numbers of Duano' people have begun to use modern methods and technical means.", "Mustafa Omar and Nor Hafizah Mohd Fizer, in 2015, published the results of a survey conducted in 2012 between the two communities of Orang Asli: the Orang Kuala and Orang Kanaq in the Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia.", "Those that were interviewed included 51 heads of households in the village of Sungai Layau.", "As it turned out, the Duano' people markedly dominated the Orang Kanaq on all indicators of living standards.", "None of them had a lower income than RM500 per month, that is, not being below the poverty line; 35.3% had earnings at RM500-999 per month, 37.3% at RM1,000-1,499, and 27.5% over RM1,500 per month.", "Significantly the Duano' people are more effective than the Orang Kanaq in using state aid, which is allocated for education and development of entrepreneurial activity.", "The Duano' people clearly position themselves as a separate people group.", "They believe that they have nothing to do with other non-Malaysian populations living in the Malacca Strait.", "Indicative is the attitude of the Duano' people to the ethnic names imposed on them from the outside.", "Oranq Kuala in Malaysia do not perceive the term \"Orang Asli\", they consider it only as an official euphemism, which should replace the obscene name of \"Sakai\", which in the past was applied to the \"wild\" tribes of the inland areas of the Malay Peninsula.", "These people are pagans, do not adhere to Muslim rules, and the Duano' people who practice the Islamic faith can not be united with them.", "Orang Kuala wants to officially recognize the name \"Orang Melayu Kuala\" (Kuala Malay people or Kuala Malays), that is, \"estuary Malay people\" or \"Malay people of the estuary\", as this would be more in line with their social status.", "They also reject the name \"Orang laut\" because of its disdainful shade.", "So the inhabitants of the land scornfully call the sea nomads, \"dirty\" people living in boats, do not adhere to Muslim traditions, involved with witchcraft and find themselves with unclean power.", "The Duano' people do not consider themselves to be as such.\nTheir relationship with their Malay neighbors, which they call Desin Damangami or Desin Damong, is ambiguous.", "These two peoples are very close in terms of language and culture, but they are clearly aware of the differences between them.", "The Duano' people have taken over many features of the Malay culture and lifestyle, but racial differences do not allow them to fully integrate into Malay society.", "At the forefront in the relations between peoples are political factors, given the dominant position of the Malay people in society.", "The Malay people, in general, are disdainful to the Duano' people and others like them, because they are of different origin.", "At the domestic level, they constantly reproached the Duano' people for their carefree attitude towards Islamic rituals and traditions.", "On the other hand, Duano' people that are not accepted in the Malay society, feel a clear image and do not want to recognize this state of affairs and do not consider themselves below the Malay people.", "Given the nature of the relationship between the Malay people and the Duano' people, marriages between them are often not welcomed on both sides.", "Separate mixed marriages occur in the Duano' mostly with Bugis (originating from Sulawesi) and Banjar people (coming from the southeast Kalimantan).", "Another is the situation in Indonesia, at the mouth of the Indragiri River.", "Here the Duano' people often welcome marriages with local Malay people and in fact constitute a mixed group of people.", "They practically do not contact other Duano' community and other people group from the sea nomads people that have resettled in the Strait of Malacca.", "Such a closed way of life only accentuate the isolation of the people." ]

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[ "The Duano' (sometimes Desin Dolak or Desin Duano') are an indigenous people of Malaysia and Indonesia (where they are also referred to as Orang Kuala, meaning \"People of the Estuary\") and can be found in islands along the northeastern region of Sumatra, Indonesia where most Duano' people have traditionally lived." ]

[ "Of all the local subgroups of Duano people, the most studied are found on the west coast of the Malaysian state of Johor, where they receive government services such as healthcare, police, education and infrastructure.", "In Malaysia, they are called Orang Kuala and are officially recognized as Orang Asli population, the general name for indigenous people in Peninsular Malaysia.", "In Indonesia, the Duano' people are called Desin Dolak (alternatively Desin Dola', Desin Dolak or Desin Dolaq), and are not included in the official statistics.", "The name Desin Dola' is only a translation into the Duano' language of the Malay term for Orang Laut, where \"desin\" means \"people\" and \"dolak\" means \"sea\".", "Early sources of history and ethnography in the region referred to certain local groups of Duano' as \"Orang Laut Bugis\" (J.G. Schot, 1884), \"Orang Lahut\" (Tassillo Adam, 1928) and \"Sendaur\" (H. Kähler, 1949).", "This is likely the cause of confusion regarding the correct name of the group.", "They refer to themselves as Desin Duano', or simply Duano'.", "In Malaysia, as noted by Sharifudin Mohamed Yusuf, only the older generation remembers Duano' as the true name of their tribe, since it has been almost completely replaced by the official name, Orang Kuala.", "The Duano' people live on both sides of the Straits of Malacca, but the group on the Malaysian side is much smaller.", "Within Indonesia, the Duano' people settle the east coast of Sumatra and nearby islands, along a strip of coast between Bengkalis Island and the mouth of the Kampar River in the west, and the delta of the Batang Hari River in the east, including the western part of the Riau Archipelago, within the provinces of Riau, the Riau Islands and Jambi.", "Duano' villages in Indonesia are located on Bengkalis Island, Kundur Island, Burung Island, Bangkong Island, Punai Island, Mendulang Island, as well as Tanjung Datu, Pasang Api, Istira, Batang Tuato, Djamih, Perigi Radja, Concong Luar (Kuala Langan), including estuaries located in Batang Hari River, Kateman River, Kampar River, Tungkal River, Retih River and Indragiri River.", "In Indonesia, most Duano' people live in the Indragiri Hilir Regency in eastern Riau Province.", "Generally speaking, when determining the area of resettlement for the Duano' people, it is necessary to take into consideration their lifestyle.", "They are always on the move, and villages are seen as providing only temporary shelter.", "The Duano' people could easily leave their village and if necessary, settle in a new place.", "In West Peninsular Malaysia, Duano' villages are located on the southwest coast, mainly in estuaries in Batu Pahat District and Pontian District in the state of Johor.", "They are located in towns like Lenga, Semerah, Minyak Beku, Senggarang, Rengit, Kuala Benut, Pontian Besar and Sungai Layau.", "Today, the Duano' people no longer form a single ethnic settlement, instead, there are only isolated villages, often among the settlements of other ethnicities, mainly the ethnic Malays and Chinese.", "The east coast of Sumatra is almost entirely covered by mangrove forests and swamps, making it almost inaccessible.", "Inland areas can only be reached by river transport.", "Similar natural conditions exist on the west coast of Johor, on the other side of the Strait of Malacca.", "Until recent development, the mangrove forests and swamps between the Kluang District and Kulai District were inaccessible, except via river mouths as wide as 20 km.", "These rivers flow into the shallow straits, and the Duano' settlements are found directly adjacent to the river mouths.", "Just inland are Malay villages, often with the same placenames.", "In these villages, there are Chinese stores where local fishermen can come to sell their products and buy necessities that are not available locally.", "In the last 20 years of the 20th century, roads linking the cities of Johor Bahru and Malacca were laid through the Batu Pahat District.", "These roads ended the isolation of the coastal region, and now the Duano' villages can be found further inland on Peninsular Malaysia.", "In Malaysia government authorities track and provide services to the indigenous peoples of the Peninsular Malaysia, so there are good statistics regarding the population of Orang Asli, and in particular, the Orang Kuala.", "According to official data the population of Duano' (Kuala) people in Malaysia has been as follows:\nAs for statistics on the Duano' in Indonesia, there are only estimates.", "For example, according to Ethnologue's data, there are 15,000 (2006, SIL) Duano' people in Indonesia and 19,000 (2006, E. Seidlitz) globally.", "Data from the 2017 Joshua Project estimates that there are 18,000 in Indonesia and 4,800 in Malaysia, for a total of 22,800 people.", "The Duano' language belongs to the Malayan languages group, along with Indonesian language, Standard Malay language, Minangkabau language and many others.", "Along with other 35 languages,\nit is credited with Malay (macrolanguage).", "So far the Duano' language has not been thoroughly studied by any linguists.", "At different times, separate lists of words were identified, which are attributed with the Duano' language.", "In the early 2000s, Mohd Sharifudin Yusop for the first time in his field research conducted in the territory of the Malaysian state of Johor, composed the list of Duano' words presented in phonetic form.", "Using these records, the reader will be able to correctly pronounce the Duano' words, even if one has never spoken to the native speakers.", "The results were published in 2013.", "An analysis of existing word lists suggests that the Duano' language is close to the Malay language.", "The discrepancies between them consist mainly of minor phonetic differences.", "However, the Duano' language contains a whole group of words denoting action, body parts and various natural objects; for which it is difficult to determine their origin.", "Because of this, as well as the presence of a number of pronouns, questioning words, prefixes and adverbs, which are quite different from the Malay language, that it is incomprehensible to the Malay people.", "In general, it can be said that, although the Duano' language is different from Malay language, there are every reason to consider it as one of the Malay dialects, which is slightly different from the Standard Malay language compared to, for instance, the Minangkabau language.", "In the Indonesian territory, the Duano' language continues to be actively used.", "Another is the situation in Malaysia, where it is vigorously supplanted by Standard Malay language, while most of the older generation are still able to converse in their native language.", "In Malaysia, the Duano' language is threatened with decay.", "In addition to their native language, most of the Duano' people are able to speak the Malay language (Bradley 2007a).", "Duano' people does not have a proper written language.", "The level of literacy among the Malaysian Duano' people in the Malay language is about 50%.", "Its place in the classification of the Austronesian languages remains unclear to this day.", "The history of the Duano' people, as well as the history of other stateless people, who lived in harmony with nature and led an appropriate way of life, is virtually unknown.", "There are no records about them in the historical sources of their neighboring peoples, and the oral tradition of the people is very poor.", "The records of J.G. Schot (1884) mentions the historical tradition of the Orang Laut Bugis people, one of the Duano' local groups living in the Indragiri Hilir Regency in the east of the Indonesian province of Riau.", "They considered themselves descendants of the Bugis people, who, after participating in the wars in Johor against Raja Kecil (Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah of Johor) in the early 18th century, found shelter in the river mouth of the Indragiri River.", "Subsequently, a disaster destroyed their villages and caused many deaths; they vowed to no longer live in huts on the land and since then chose to remain in their boats.", "In this legend there are two themes, firstly the destruction of the original village, a very common folktale among the sea nomads of the region, and secondly the theme of Bugis domination.", "Of course, there is no reason to associate the Orang Laut Bugis people with the true Bugis people.", "Dictionary of the Orang Laut Bugis language, compiled by Shelter, fully corresponds to the Duano' language and therefore, has little in common with the Bugis language of the island of Sulawesi.", "On the other hand, the Bugis people in the 18th century had actively pursued commercial activities in the Riau Archipelago.", "They might well have close business relationships with certain groups of the Duano' people.", "The Bugis people during this period also occupied leading positions in a number of Malay sultanates, including in Johor.", "It is not surprising, then, that the Duano' people, to whom their Malay neighbors were contemptuous, sought an alliance, whether true or apparently, with representatives of this prestigious group of people.", "Unlike the Malay people, the Bugis people have always been kind to the indigenous population, as they were interested in the local's services as experts of the coast of the region.", "In the 19th century, the Duano' people began to accept Islam.", "After which they had already appeared on the territory of modern Malaysia.", "Malaysian Orang Kuala people are believed to be descended from the Bengkalis Island.", "In regards to religion, the Duano' people are Muslims.", "They were converted to Islam in the 19th century.", "In Malaysia, where the question of religion is related to the official status of the people, the Duano' people insist that they are not pagans, as they do not eat pork or dugongs, do not have dogs on their boats and therefore cannot be considered in the same category as with other indigenous Orang Asli people of the peninsular part of the country.", "They are also advocates of Islam, according to official statistics held in Malaysia.", "Thus, according to JHEOA 1997, in Johor, all 2,918 Orang Kuala were Muslims.", "Despite the fact that the Duano' people have long been advocates of Islam, they are not diligent in daily prayers, nor do they visit mosques regularly, and do not usually attend to Friday prayers.", "It happens that during the execution of Muslim rituals, the Duano' people are always carefree, and in turn, offending the feelings of other believers.", "Another norm not seen in the Duano' people is also the typical of Muslims social segregation by gender.", "In their everyday practice, the Duano' people often turn to their pre-Islamic traditional animistic beliefs.", "They believe that the world around them is filled with the spirits of nature (Malay language, \"hantu\").", "Causing dissatisfaction with the spirits, according to their beliefs, can result in one's illness, conflict, and death.", "A fisherman who dares to throw a fishing net in the rainy season without having fulfilled a pre-established ritual will inevitably suffer from it.", "The Duano' people have their own spiritual healers, who, in their opinion, have supernatural abilities.", "The only way to treat is to cast spell on the spirits.", "At the same time, the Duano' people do not speak about their traditional religion, emphasizing their beliefs in Islam in every possible way.", "The Duano' people have developed a highly specialized complex economic, based on rich, but very limited variety of composition, local natural resources.", "Their villages are on the very edge of the land, usually in the river mouths and quite close to the seaside coast.", "During the sea tides, the water level rises high.", "The Duano' people place their huts on a narrow marshy land strip that appears along the mangrove thickets only during the outflow.", "Duano' buildings are made of wooden platforms, mounted on stilts, and resemble like bridges.", "On this platform, there is a living room, as well as a spacious area for drying nets and drying fish.", "All the designs are casually built from wooden boards.", "For example, the Duano' village of Kuala Benut in Malaysia, located at the mouth of the same name Benut River, where in 1967 there were about 60 of such huts.", "During flood the water reaches up to the floor of their houses.", "During a flood the wooden stairs allow one to descend from the platform to the ground where the boats are.", "Almost every Duano' family has a boat.", "There are two main types of boats that they buy or build.", "The \"jelo 'penat\" is a dugout-boat with a keel.", "Another type is a bigger boat called \"kota\"'.", "They have a dry palm leaf \"atap\" (roofing) and are able to seat a family on board.", "In Malay language, this type of boat is called \"sampan kotak\".", "The main occupation of the Duano' people is fishing.", "Fishes are caught in the river mouths, trapping them with a net, or in the open sea with grids, fishing line or traps.", "Additionally, mollusks and other marine life that are found in the mud by the coast are harvested.", "For this purpose, they use a special board called \"papantungka\".", "There is no division of labor by gender in the Duano' society.", "Only young mothers caring for small children are exempted from fishing.", "Although the Duano' people are often counted as part of the Orang laut, they are not sea nomads.", "Though they can live for a long time in their boats and go to sea for fishing, they would still return to their village by the coast.", "When, for example, in May, the southern winds interfere with navigation in the Strait of Malacca, the Duano' people often go to the eastern coast of the Malaysian Peninsula.", "Thus, we can say that their practices are seasonally based.", "At the same time, their migrations pattern have always taken place and occur in a limited area, where for centuries their places have remained practically in the same region.", "Their villages are not permanent, people can easily change the location of the village, usually due to the variability of the coastline.", "The Duano' people are well known in the local waters, as it is also known to all Orang laut tribes living in the region.", "Fish and seafood are used for both own consumption and for sale.", "One of the unique traditions of the Duano' people is to gather and harvest sumbun (Solen grandis) once a year.", "Sumbun is a type of a local razor clam that is a favorite delicacy of the Duano' community in Jambi, Indonesia.", "This habit of catching the sumbun is common among the Duano' people and many of those that inhabit the east coast of Jambi, Indonesia, especially in East Tanjung Jabung Regency and West Tanjung Jabung Regency.", "Sumbun is generally known to be found in China, West Kalimantan, and in the waters of Jambi, as well as parts of Riau Islands, Indonesia.", "In fact, these sumbuns that are found in muddy waters made East Tanjung Jabung Regency as one of three special regions of sumbun producers in Indonesia.", "Harvesting of the sumbun is a unique tradition of the locals with the potential for further development.", "The harvesting and gathering of sumbun can be introduced through this tradition, especially in Jambi due to the uniqueness of the region's water biota.", "The special dish of the local Duano' community is the sumbun soup, which is known of its soft and uniquely distinct meat.", "The traditional way of managing their welfare does not allow these people to provide themselves with everything that they need.", "Clothing, foods and vegetables are bought from the neighboring Chinese or Malay population.", "They themselves offer fish and seafood.", "For this purpose, the Duano' people are regularly to go to the shops in the city, where they would carry out trading operations and store fresh water.", "It is generally known that the Duano' people are simple and peaceful.", "They are not particularly attracted to modern technology and only a small percentage graduate high school.", "At the same time, contacts with the outside world are important.", "In Malaysia, the Duanp' people, like all of the other Orang Asli tribes, are supported by the Department of Orang Asli Development (JAKOA).", "Employees of the department regularly visit the Duano' community to implement various social, economic and educational programs.", "People are increasingly integrating into mainstream culture.", "They borrowed many aspects of Malay culture and lifestyle.", "The traditional life of the Duano' people in Malaysia has now undergone significant changes.", "Their settlements have also appeared in inland areas, where their livelihood is not connected with the sea.", "There are some existing small Duano' farms and plantations.", "While some of them are hired in the industry and agriculture.", "The development of infrastructure in the region has made it easier for them to travel to work in large cities.", "Some of the Duano' people have achieved some success in business or working in the service sector.", "At least one Duano' village specializes in the restoration and sale of used furniture.", "But the leading branch of the economy remains, as before, the fishery, although here the increasing numbers of Duano' people have begun to use modern methods and technical means.", "Mustafa Omar and Nor Hafizah Mohd Fizer, in 2015, published the results of a survey conducted in 2012 between the two communities of Orang Asli: the Orang Kuala and Orang Kanaq in the Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia.", "Those that were interviewed included 51 heads of households in the village of Sungai Layau.", "As it turned out, the Duano' people markedly dominated the Orang Kanaq on all indicators of living standards.", "None of them had a lower income than RM500 per month, that is, not being below the poverty line; 35.3% had earnings at RM500-999 per month, 37.3% at RM1,000-1,499, and 27.5% over RM1,500 per month.", "Significantly the Duano' people are more effective than the Orang Kanaq in using state aid, which is allocated for education and development of entrepreneurial activity.", "The Duano' people clearly position themselves as a separate people group.", "They believe that they have nothing to do with other non-Malaysian populations living in the Malacca Strait.", "Indicative is the attitude of the Duano' people to the ethnic names imposed on them from the outside.", "Oranq Kuala in Malaysia do not perceive the term \"Orang Asli\", they consider it only as an official euphemism, which should replace the obscene name of \"Sakai\", which in the past was applied to the \"wild\" tribes of the inland areas of the Malay Peninsula.", "These people are pagans, do not adhere to Muslim rules, and the Duano' people who practice the Islamic faith can not be united with them.", "Orang Kuala wants to officially recognize the name \"Orang Melayu Kuala\" (Kuala Malay people or Kuala Malays), that is, \"estuary Malay people\" or \"Malay people of the estuary\", as this would be more in line with their social status.", "They also reject the name \"Orang laut\" because of its disdainful shade.", "So the inhabitants of the land scornfully call the sea nomads, \"dirty\" people living in boats, do not adhere to Muslim traditions, involved with witchcraft and find themselves with unclean power.", "The Duano' people do not consider themselves to be as such.\nTheir relationship with their Malay neighbors, which they call Desin Damangami or Desin Damong, is ambiguous.", "These two peoples are very close in terms of language and culture, but they are clearly aware of the differences between them.", "The Duano' people have taken over many features of the Malay culture and lifestyle, but racial differences do not allow them to fully integrate into Malay society.", "At the forefront in the relations between peoples are political factors, given the dominant position of the Malay people in society.", "The Malay people, in general, are disdainful to the Duano' people and others like them, because they are of different origin.", "At the domestic level, they constantly reproached the Duano' people for their carefree attitude towards Islamic rituals and traditions.", "On the other hand, Duano' people that are not accepted in the Malay society, feel a clear image and do not want to recognize this state of affairs and do not consider themselves below the Malay people.", "Given the nature of the relationship between the Malay people and the Duano' people, marriages between them are often not welcomed on both sides.", "Separate mixed marriages occur in the Duano' mostly with Bugis (originating from Sulawesi) and Banjar people (coming from the southeast Kalimantan).", "Another is the situation in Indonesia, at the mouth of the Indragiri River.", "Here the Duano' people often welcome marriages with local Malay people and in fact constitute a mixed group of people.", "They practically do not contact other Duano' community and other people group from the sea nomads people that have resettled in the Strait of Malacca.", "Such a closed way of life only accentuate the isolation of the people." ]

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[ "The Duano' (sometimes Desin Dolak or Desin Duano') are an indigenous people of Malaysia and Indonesia (where they are also referred to as Orang Kuala, meaning \"People of the Estuary\") and can be found in islands along the northeastern region of Sumatra, Indonesia where most Duano' people have traditionally lived.", "Their settlements are scattered along the coast of the Strait of Malacca, where individual settlements form local groups that are loosely interconnected." ]