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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#0 | « The Royal Book of Oz » « The Royal Book of Oz » The Royal Book of Oz (1921) is the fifteenth in the series of Oz books, and the first to be written after L. Frank Baum's death. Although Baum was credited as the author, it was written entirely by Ruth Plumly Thompson. Beginning in the 1980s, some editions have correctly credited Thompson, although the cover of the 2001 edition by Dover Publications credits only Baum. The original introduction claimed that the book was based on notes by Baum, but this has been disproven. Supposedly based on Baum's surviving notes, known as "An Oz Book" are known from four typewritten pages found at his publisher's, but their authenticity as Baum's work has been disputed. Even if genuine, they bear no resemblance to Thompson's book. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#Plot_summary#0 | « The Royal Book of Oz » « The Royal Book of Oz, Plot summary » The Scarecrow is upset when Professor Woggle-bug tells him that he has no family, so he goes back to the corn-field where Dorothy Gale found him to trace his "roots." When he fails to return, Dorothy and the Cowardly Lion set out to search for him. They meet an elderly knight, Sir Hokus of Pokes. They also meet the Doubtful Dromedary and the Comfortable Camel. Together, they have several curious adventures while searching for the Scarecrow. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#Plot_summary#1 | « The Royal Book of Oz » « The Royal Book of Oz, Plot summary » In this novel the Scarecrow discovers that, in a previous incarnation, he was human. More specifically, he was the Emperor of the Silver Islands, a kingdom located deep underground beneath the Munchkin region of Oz, inhabited by people who resemble Chinese people. When Dorothy first discovered the Scarecrow (in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz) he was hanging from a beanpole in a cornfield; it now develops that this pole descends deep underground to the Silver Islands. The Emperor of the Silver Islands had been transformed into a crocus by an enemy magician; this magical crocus had sprouted and grown into the beanpole all the way up to the surface of the earth. When the farmer placed his scarecrow on the beanpole, the spirit of the transformed Emperor entered the Scarecrow's body, causing him to come to life. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#Plot_summary#2 | « The Royal Book of Oz » « The Royal Book of Oz, Plot summary » The Scarecrow digs at the base of the beanpole and slides down the beanpole to the Silver Islands. The islanders hail him as the Emperor, returned to save his people. After spending some time in his former kingdom ruling the quarrelsome Silver Islanders, the Scarecrow decides to return to Oz and continue his carefree existence there. The islanders, however, are reluctant to let him go, and plot to change him back into his human form, an 85-year-old man. Dorothy and her party reach the Silver Islands, rescue the Scarecrow from the islanders, and accompany him back to the Emerald City. Sir Hokus, the Comfortable Camel, and the Doubtful Dromedary become residents of the Emerald City. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#The_Royal_Book_of_Oz#Plot_summary#3 | « The Royal Book of Oz » « The Royal Book of Oz, Plot summary » Sir Hokus and the Comfortable Camel return as principal characters in The Yellow Knight of Oz. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire » Crofton is a village near Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, about 4 miles (6 km) south-east of the city, some 6 miles (10 km) to the west of the town of Pontefract, and 4 miles (6 km) from the town of Featherstone. The population of the civil parish at the time of the 2011 census was 5,781. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History » Crofton is listed in the 1086 Domesday Book as Scroftune. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#1 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History » The village has one church, the cruciform All Saints' Church, which is Anglican. It dates from the 15th century. It shares an incumbent with the Church of St Peter the Apostle at Kirkthorpe. A Roman Catholic church built in the 1920s closed in 2008. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#2 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History » Crofton New Hall was built in the 1750s for the Wilsons, who lived in the village until 1935, when a Colonel Wilson sold out. The hall was used by the army during the Second World War and later by the National Coal Board. It housed Brown's Tutorial School until 1980, when the building was demolished. Shortly afterwards, a housing estate was built there. Some of the Wilson family are buried in a large mausoleum in the cemetery. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#3 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History » Richmal Mangnall, author of an innovative schoolbook, was educated at Mrs Wilson's School at Crofton Hall. She stayed there as a teacher, then took it over in 1808 and ran it until her death on 1 May 1820. The eldest two Brontë sisters (Maria and Elizabeth) briefly attended. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#4 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History » The earliest free school in the village opened in 1877 as Crofton Board School. The building of the earlier school, which had been used by the local high school as a drama hall, was demolished in 2003 and is now the site of a youth centre. A blue plaque dedicated to Miss Magnall was installed on the new building in 2013. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#5 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History » Crofton was predominantly a farming community, but the mining of coal became important in the 19th century and continued until the 1980s. There were three coal mines within two miles of the village, at Nostell, Walton and Sharlston. By the early 1900s, Lord St Oswald had built houses at New Crofton, known locally as Cribbens or Scribbens Lump, for the workers of Nostell Mine. This area was populated until the 1980s, when it was demolished along with the closure of the mines. "The Lump" also had a mission hall, a local shop and a fish-and-chip shop, locally as "The Leaning Chippy" due to subsidence from the local mine at Nostell. In the 1970s, there were two shops near the Lump: "Alf's", which was a corner shop located where the Slipper public house is today, and another attached to the local car garage, "Mrs Moody's". There is also a disused well from which villagers used to get their water. It can still be seen, but the well itself has since been filled in, as a hazard for local children. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#6 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History » The houses at the Lump were demolished due to severe subsidence from Nostell mine, it being was cheaper to demolish them than to repair the damage the subsidence had caused. Once demolished, the area remained a wasteland for many years, but the old cobbled streets and other roads were still visible. Eventually the land was sold and a new housing estate built on it. Most of the old subsidence has stopped, with many of the old mines collapsed and filled in years ago, but some remain and will affect the surrounding areas for years to come. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#7 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History » When the miners at Nostell were clearing new coal seams, they came across what was described as an underground church, which the monks from Nostell Priory had built years before. This church was complete with tunnels, which the monks used to use for transporting coal to the monastery. The church had wooden doors and seating inside. Exactly why they built it underground is unclear. The entrance and tunnel was eventually sealed off. Local miner and Nostell safety officer Leslie Simpson Sr and a fellow miner carved their names into the wood of the church door just before the tunnel was sealed. One theory is that the monks built the underground church to pray and worship in private, the monastery attached to Nostell Priory being dissolved by Henry VIII in 1540. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#Crofton_Castle#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History, Crofton Castle » Crofton Castle was built in Towers Lane in 1853 by John Blackburn in the style of a Gothic manor house, complete with a parapet. The house acted as a prisoner-of-war camp during the Second World War for captured Italian soldiers. The house was then bought by the Abbott family, who allowed it to fall into disrepair. In 2004 the house suffered a blaze that led to its demolition. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#History#Crofton_Castle#1 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, History, Crofton Castle » Rumours of hauntings and paranormal activity at the mansion surfaced. Many schoolchildren and some adults have reported seeing a white figure standing at the back window, locally known as the Grey Lady. Over the years, there were rumours of suicides and hangings in and around the castle, but most were unsubstantiated or exaggerated. Since the castle was demolished, a new housing estate has been built on the site, but the developers were mindful of the stories behind the castle and so planned the new estate that no houses would occupy exactly the same position as the castle had, which is nowadays covered by a road. Even so, events from the legend of the Grey Lady and other strange phenomena are still being reported from the new estate. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton_today#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Crofton today » Today, Crofton is seen as a commuting village, with many inhabitants leaving daily to work in nearby cities such as Leeds and Wakefield and to a lesser degree Sheffield and York. The village has two post offices, one in New Crofton and one in the High Street, two fish and chip shops – one in New Crofton – mini-markets and a carpet store. The village also boasts several pubs: the Crofton Arms and the Cock and Crown, both on the A638 road, the Royal Oak, and The Goose & Cowslip. Also serving drink are a working men's club and the Crofton Community Centre, formerly known as the Nostell Miners' Welfare. The Crofton Arms is now an Indian restaurant. Of other earlier pubs, Weavers Green has been demolished to make way for new houses, and The Slipper has been converted into flats. The Goose and Cowslip was formerly known as the "Lord of the Manor", and residents still call it The Manor. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton_today#1 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Crofton today » Crofton made national newspaper headlines when a noted motel in the village, The Redbeck, had stayed open for 21 years without ever closing, working its way through renovations, leaks and power cuts. The Redbeck is now a diner, hotel and long-haul truck stop on the outskirts of Crofton, located on the A638. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton_today#2 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Crofton today » Crofton has had a makeover in the last few years. The old Nostell Mine and its surrounding area have been transformed into a nature park, with a small pond and walking areas that many locals use. The walk comprises around 3–4 miles of ash path from start to finish, with some being concreted (remnants of the old opencast mining area). It can be followed on foot or by bike, right to the Trans-Pennine Trail and through Walton Forest. Use in some years is marred by surges in the tick population, which particularly affect dog walkers and farm cattle. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton_today#3 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Crofton today » In July 2017, the Secretary of State for Transport announced the decision to route the West Midlands to Leeds leg of the future high-speed rail link HS2 through the eastern side of the village. At the same time, it was announced that a large maintenance depot, proposed for south of the village, will be built east of Leeds. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Sport#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Sport » Crofton is in the centre of what is locally known as Rugby Land, with the local team Crofton Cougars contributing to the maintenance of the rugby league tradition. It was formed in 1996 and plays in the CMS Unison Division 1. It won the CMS Division 2 title in 2006. The home ground of the Cougars is Cougar Park, which is part of the Crofton Community Centre facilities. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Sport#1 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Sport » Crofton cricket team play at The Sidings Playing Fields, as do Crofton Juniors AFC and Crofton Sports FC, which has two teams playing in the Wakefield Saturday League and are based at the Weavers Green pub. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Sport#2 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Sport » Nostell Miners Welfare F.C. also play at the community centre facilities and are currently in the Northern Counties Premier division. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Schools#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Schools » Crofton Infants School was opened in 1877 and then known as Crofton Board School. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Schools#1 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Schools » In 1920, Crofton School suffered a horrific scene, when 19-year-old Jane Darwell was murdered in the hall during the dance by her ex-boyfriend Edwin Sowerby, in front of several witnesses. Sowerby was sentenced to death and hanged at Armley Prison in Leeds on 30 December 1920. A later student relates that the children of Crofton Hall School were convinced the building was haunted. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Schools#2 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Schools » In 1955, Crofton Secondary School opened in the Old Hall. Crofton Slack Lane Junior School and Crofton High School were built in the 1960s. A Junior and Infant school opened in Shay Lane in 1972. In summer 1995 a fire destroyed most of the High School; a new school opened in 1998. In 2007 Crofton High School scored GCSE pass rates that put it in the country's top 100 state schools. In August 2011 it became Crofton Academy. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Transport#Bus#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Transport, Bus » Crofton is located on the A638 road that runs between Wakefield and Doncaster and serves as the village's lifeline. There are several bus routes which run from Crofton: |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Transport#Train#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Transport, Train » Until the 1960s the village was served by the Hare Park & Crofton railway station before it was demolished. It stood on the Great Northern Railway and on the Wakefield Line. The sidings were also used as part of the Dearne Valley Line. Crofton, a smaller station, stood next to Doncaster Road, on the current Pontefract Line, behind the Crofton Arms pub. That station too was closed in the 1960s, but derelict remains of the station building can be seen from the A638 and on trains passing from Wakefield Kirkgate railway station towards Pontefract. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Crofton,_West_Yorkshire#Transport#Air#0 | « Crofton, West Yorkshire » « Crofton, West Yorkshire, Transport, Air » Crofton is located 26 miles (42 km) from Leeds Bradford International Airport, which has flights to European and Asian destinations such as Paris, Milan, Rome, Alicante, Tenerife, Larnaca and Islamabad. Crofton is the same distance from Doncaster Sheffield Airport, at Finningley in Doncaster, which serves a smaller range of European destinations. The nearest fully international airport is Manchester, 69 miles (111 km) from the village. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Train_Music_Award_for_Sammy_Davis_Jr._%E2%80%93_Entertainer_of_the_Year#Soul_Train_Music_Award_for_Sammy_Davis_Jr._–_Entertainer_of_the_Year#0 | « Soul Train Music Award for Sammy Davis Jr. – Entertainer of the Year » « Soul Train Music Award for Sammy Davis Jr. – Entertainer of the Year » This page lists the winners and nominees for the Soul Train Music Sammy Davis Jr. Award for Entertainer of the Year. At times the award was given out twice in a year, honoring male and female artists separately. Beyoncé was the only artist to have won this award twice in the show's history (once solo and once with Destiny's Child) until 2009, when Michael Jackson was posthumously awarded his second Entertainer of the Year. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Train_Music_Award_for_Sammy_Davis_Jr._%E2%80%93_Entertainer_of_the_Year#Soul_Train_Music_Award_for_Sammy_Davis_Jr._–_Entertainer_of_the_Year#Winners#0 | « Soul Train Music Award for Sammy Davis Jr. – Entertainer of the Year » « Soul Train Music Award for Sammy Davis Jr. – Entertainer of the Year, Winners » Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_in_Brazil#1906_in_Brazil#0 | « 1906 in Brazil » « 1906 in Brazil » Events in the year 1906 in Brazil. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Keighran#Wade_Keighran#0 | « Wade Keighran » « Wade Keighran » Wade Keighran (born 1 August 1984) is an Australian rock musician, songwriter, audio engineer and record producer currently based in Sydney. He started his career playing guitar in punk band Taking Sides, was the bass player and co-songwriter with The Scare and is currently writing and playing bass for Wolf & Cub. Keighran has also appeared live as bass player with Jack Ladder, Steve Smythe and Hunter Dienna. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Keighran#Wade_Keighran#Musical_career#Taking_Sides_(2003–2005)#0 | « Wade Keighran » « Wade Keighran, Musical career, Taking Sides (2003–2005) » At age 18 Keighran formed Taking Sides in Sydney with other founding members Ricky Taylor and Brett "BxE" Eberhard. In 2004 they released an E.P Smash the Windows to the Dead Hearts and then in 2005 after recruiting Toe to Toe drummer Ben "mook" Mukenschnabl, released their full-length album Dresscode on Resist Records on which Keighran played all guitars, bass, backing vocals and co-wrote lyrics. After touring the country with a list of local and international bands such as Give up the Ghost, The Hope Conspiracy, Miles Away and Parkway Drive Keighran decided to leave the band when offered a position as bass player for Queensland band The Scare. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Keighran#Wade_Keighran#Musical_career#The_Scare_(2005–2010)#0 | « Wade Keighran » « Wade Keighran, Musical career, The Scare (2005–2010) » While on tour with Taking Sides in August 2005, in Queensland, Keighran was asked by The Scare, who were relocating to England soon after if he would leave Taking Sides and join them, to which he subsequently said yes. That year The Scare released the 'Vacuum irony' E.P through O.K.Relax which although credits Keighran as the bass player, he did not play on. In February 2006 The Scare relocated to Birmingham in England to begin touring and writing for their debut album Chivalry which was released in September, 2007 through EMI, marking Keighran's first official release with the band. After two years of relentless touring through the U.K, Europe, Sweden and the U.S playing summer festivals such as Reading & Leads, Download and The Big day Out, the band returned home to record their second album with producer Daniel Johns. OOZEVOODOO, also through EMI was released in 2009 and upon completion of the album the band went out on three national tours of Australia, had huge support and high rotation on JJJ and played the Australian summer festivals Falls Festival, Homebake and again [Big_Day_Out| The Big day Out].In mid-2010 the band announced they were mutually disbanding and moving on to other individual projects. They played their last Sydney show to a sold-out crowd at the Annandale Hotel and their last show ever in Brisbane on 9 August 2010. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Keighran#Wade_Keighran#Musical_career#Wolf_&_Cub_(2010_–_present)#0 | « Wade Keighran » « Wade Keighran, Musical career, Wolf & Cub (2010 – present) » In 2010 after the collapse of The Scare, Wade joined Adelaides Wolf & Cub. Although he has toured with the band and is co-writing songs with singer/lead guitarist Joel Byrne, no new material has been released. According to Mess & Noise, as of June 2011 the band were in the recording studio tracking as yet unreleased songs. On the bands blogspot frontman Joel Byrne Said:" I could go on and on about how excited we are about this but Wade already knows how we feel about him joining the band so I won’t try and justify our excitement any further. I will say this though, it was hard to see a future for the band when Tommy left but having Wade has made us rethink that outlook considerably." |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2015_European_Games#France_at_the_2015_European_Games#0 | « France at the 2015 European Games » « France at the 2015 European Games » France participated at the 2015 European Games, in Baku, Azerbaijan from 12 to 28 June 2015. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2015_European_Games#France_at_the_2015_European_Games#Archery#0 | « France at the 2015 European Games » « France at the 2015 European Games, Archery » France has qualified for three quota places in both the men's and the women's archery events at the Games, and as a result has also qualified for the team events. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2015_European_Games#France_at_the_2015_European_Games#Gymnastics#Aerobic#0 | « France at the 2015 European Games » « France at the 2015 European Games, Gymnastics, Aerobic » France has a total of six athletes after the performance at the 2013 Aerobic Gymnastics European Championships. One gymnast from pairs must compete in the group making the total athletes to 6. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2015_European_Games#France_at_the_2015_European_Games#Gymnastics#Rhythmic#0 | « France at the 2015 European Games » « France at the 2015 European Games, Gymnastics, Rhythmic » France has qualified one athlete after the performance at the 2013 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_2015_European_Games#France_at_the_2015_European_Games#Gymnastics#Trampoline#0 | « France at the 2015 European Games » « France at the 2015 European Games, Gymnastics, Trampoline » France qualified two athletes based on the results at the 2014 European Trampoline Championships. The gymnasts will compete in both the individual and the synchronized event. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#0 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » The Japan–Manchukuo Protocol (Chinese: 日滿議定書; Japanese: 日満議定書) was signed on 15 September 1932, between Japan and the state of Manchukuo. The Treaty confirmed the recognition by Japan of the Manchukuo state, following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and the establishment of a Manchurian state on 1 March 1932. The treaty also defined a mutual defence agreement, allowing Japanese troops to station in Manchukuo, and thereby effectively occupy the country. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#1 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » On the Japanese side, the protocol was signed by Ambassador Nobuyoshi Mutō, and on the Manchu side by Prime Minister Zheng Xiaoxu. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(Japanese)#0 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (Japanese) » 日本国ハ満洲国カ其ノ住民ノ意思ニ基キテ自由ニ成立シ独立ノ一国家ヲ成スニ至リタル事実ヲ確認シタルニ因リ満洲国ハ中華民国ノ有スル国際約定ハ満洲国ニ適用シ得ヘキ限リ之ヲ尊重スヘキコトヲ宣言セルニ因リ日本国政府及満洲国政府ハ日満両国間ノ善隣ノ関係ヲ永遠ニ鞏固ニシ互ニ其ノ領土権ヲ尊重シ東洋ノ平和ヲ確保センカ為左ノ如ク協定セリ |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(Japanese)#1 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (Japanese) » 本議定書ハ日本文漢文ヲ以テ各二通ヲ作成ス日本文本文ト漢文本文トノ間ニ解釈ヲ異ニスルトキハ日本文本文ニ拠ルモノトス |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(Japanese)#2 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (Japanese) » 右証拠トシテ下名ハ各本国政府ヨリ正当ノ委任ヲ受ケ本議定書ニ署名調印セリ |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(English)#0 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (English) » Japan recognizes the establishment of a free and independent Manchoukuo in accordance with the free will of its inhabitants. Manchukuo has declared its intention of abiding by all international agreements pledged by the Republic of China. The government of Japan and the government of Manchukuo have established a perpetual friendly and neighborly relationship, mutually guaranteeing each other's sovereignty. For the peace of East Asia: |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(English)#1 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (English) » 1. Manchukuo, insofar as no future Japan-Manchukuo treaties to the contrary, respects the rights of Japanese government, government officials, and private citizens within the borders of Manchukuo. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(English)#2 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (English) » 2. Japan and Manchukuo pledge to cooperate in the maintenance of mutual peaceful existence by banding against common outside threats. The Japanese military forces are to be stationed in Manchukuo to this end. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(English)#3 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (English) » This protocol is to be effective immediately upon signing. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(English)#4 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (English) » This protocol is written in Japanese and Chinese; should there be any differences between the two documents due to translation issues, the document written in the Japanese language shall be considered the original. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(English)#5 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (English) » Evidenced by fully authorized representatives of each government with signature and seal. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Manchukuo_Protocol#Japan–Manchukuo_Protocol#Text_(English)#6 | « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol » « Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, Text (English) » Signed on 15 September of the 7th Year of Showa, also 15 September of the 1st Year of Datong, at Xinjing. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_storms_named_Ida#List_of_storms_named_Ida#0 | « List of storms named Ida » « List of storms named Ida » The name Ida has been used for a total of nineteen tropical cyclones worldwide: three in the Atlantic Ocean, thirteen in the Western Pacific Ocean, one in the Southwest Indian Ocean and two in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_storms_named_Ida#List_of_storms_named_Ida#1 | « List of storms named Ida » « List of storms named Ida » Ida replaced the name Isabel following the 2003 season. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabien_Tilliet#Fabien_Tilliet#0 | « Fabien Tilliet » « Fabien Tilliet » Fabien Tilliet (born 3 March 1980 in Annecy) is a French rower. He competed for France at the 2008 Summer Olympics and won medals at seven World Rowing Championships from 2004 through 2012. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#0 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre » Hvidøre House (Danish: Hvidøre) is a former country house at Klampenborg, just south of Bellevue Beach, on the Øresund coast north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is most known for serving as the home of Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia, daughter of King Christian IX and mother of the last emperor of Russia, Nicholas II, after she was exiled by the Russian Revolution of 1917. It now serves as a conference and training venue for the Novo Group. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Origins#0 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Origins » At the beginning of the 16th century, King John of Denmark built a royal residence at Hvidøre, guarding the only landing place to the north of Copenhagen. King Christian II used it for his mistress and her mother after his marriage to Princess Elisabeth of Habsburg in 1515. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Origins#1 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Origins » The castle changed hands many times over the centuries, and was eventually acquired by Counsellor Frederik Bruun in 1871. He demolished it and charged the architect Johan Schrøder with the design of a country house to be built in its place, for use as a summer residence for his family. From then on, the name Hvidøre denoted the house rather than the locality. Hvidøre was built from 1871. Counsellor Bruun died in 1887, but his widow kept Hvidøre until 1906. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Royal_residents#0 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Royal residents » In February 1906, King Christian IX's daughters, Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom and Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia, acquired the building for DKK 280,000 to use it as a summer residence during their frequent visits to their native Denmark. They commissioned an aging Johan Schrøder to adapt and modernize the house with modern conveniences such as central heating while the British firm Waring & Gillow was put in charge of most of the interior decorations. A tunnel was also dug to provide direct access to the beach, which belonged to Hvidøre but was separated from it by the coastal road. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Royal_residents#1 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Royal residents » In the years that followed, the sisters generally stayed at Hvidøre from September until November, but this came to an end with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Royal_residents#2 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Royal residents » After the overthrow of the monarchy in Russia in the 1917 Revolution, Maria Feodorovna, known as Princess Dagmar of Denmark before her marriage, fled Russia and took up residency at Hvidøre until her death in 1928, together with her daughter and son-in-law, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna and Nikolai Kulikovsky, and their two children. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Royal_residents#3 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Royal residents » In 1930 Olga and her sister Xenia sold Hvidøre. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Later_history#0 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Later history » In 1932, Musse Scheel, the daughter of Frederik Christian Bruun who had married Count Ulrik Scheel, acquired her childhood home, reputedly to prevent the felling of an old tree in the gardens. She only lived in the house for two years before moving to the mansion at 5 Kristianiagade now the Embassy of Russia in Copenhagen. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Later_history#1 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Later history » In 1937 the Hvidøre estate was acquired by Novo Industry. Thorvald Pedersen, the founder and managing director of the company, commissioned Arne Jacobsen to build him a private home close by and considered tearing down the old house, but in the end Jacobsen was asked to adapt it into a diabetes sanatorium which opened on 28 January 1938. People with diabetes could get treatment and learn to live with their disease and have an active life. The hospital accommodated 25 patients. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#History#Later_history#2 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, History, Later history » An underground extension of the building, designed by the architectural firm Dissing + Weitling, was constructed 1978-1980. Hvidøre continued to serve as a diabetes hospital until 1991 and is now an internal conference center for the Novo Group. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#Architecture_and_surroundings#0 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, Architecture and surroundings » Hvidøre is built to a Historicist design which combines Italian and Victorian Renaissance features. Five Neo-Grecian caryatids form part of the upper balcony. They were created by the sculptor Otto Evens. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#Architecture_and_surroundings#1 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, Architecture and surroundings » On the coast below the house there is a beach park designed by the landscape architect Carl Theodor Sørensen while the architect Povl Baumann designed the wall and pergola. Also located close by is the Emiliekilde monument. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid%C3%B8re#Hvidøre#Hvidøre_today#0 | « Hvidøre » « Hvidøre, Hvidøre today » Today the Hvidøre property serves as an internal conference and training centre for the Novo Group. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Kerry#Lloyd_Kerry#0 | « Lloyd Kerry » « Lloyd Kerry » Lloyd Kerry (born 22 July 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League Two club Harrogate Town. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Kerry#Lloyd_Kerry#Career#Sheffield_United#0 | « Lloyd Kerry » « Lloyd Kerry, Career, Sheffield United » Born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Kerry began his career as a trainee with Sheffield United. He turned professional in August 2006, but did not make a first team appearance for the Blades. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Kerry#Lloyd_Kerry#Career#Sheffield_United#1 | « Lloyd Kerry » « Lloyd Kerry, Career, Sheffield United » He joined Torquay United on loan in February 2007, making his league debut in the 1–0 defeat at home to Hartlepool United on 17 February 2007. Kerry played seven times for Torquay, but returned to Sheffield United in April 2007 after a foot injury had ruled him out of the rest of the season. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Kerry#Lloyd_Kerry#Career#Sheffield_United#2 | « Lloyd Kerry » « Lloyd Kerry, Career, Sheffield United » Kerry's next move was to his hometown club Chesterfield, with whom he signed a one-month loan deal in mid February 2008 which later became a full season loan. He made his Spireites debut as a substitute the following day in a 2–0 defeat away to Hereford United. Despite a promising spell at Chesterfield where he played thirteen games and scored twice, Sheffield United chose to release him at the end of that season. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Kerry#Lloyd_Kerry#Career#Chesterfield#0 | « Lloyd Kerry » « Lloyd Kerry, Career, Chesterfield » After being released by the Blades he returned to Saltergate and signed a two-year deal with Chesterfield. In November 2009, he joined Alfreton Town on an initial one-month loan deal. The following March, Kerry joined Kidderminster Harriers on loan with Luke Prosser for the remainder of the season. At the end of that season, Kerry was released by John Sheridan along with 11 other players. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Kerry#Lloyd_Kerry#Career#Hinckley_United#0 | « Lloyd Kerry » « Lloyd Kerry, Career, Hinckley United » After the end of his 2-year deal Kerry was released by Chesterfield, and signed for Hinckley United. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Kerry#Lloyd_Kerry#Career#Tamworth#0 | « Lloyd Kerry » « Lloyd Kerry, Career, Tamworth » On 19 July 2012 Kerry signed a one-year deal with Conference Premier side Tamworth along with Peter Till and James Wren. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » The third season of the American television series Star Trek: Discovery follows the crew of the USS Discovery as they travel to the future, over 900 years after the events of Star Trek: The Original Series. The season was produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout and Roddenberry Entertainment, with Alex Kurtzman and Michelle Paradise serving as showrunners. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#1 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, along with the returning Doug Jones, Anthony Rapp, Mary Wiseman, and Wilson Cruz. They are joined by David Ajala and Rachael Ancheril. The season was ordered in February 2019, with Paradise promoted to co-showrunner alongside series co-creator Kurtzman. They ended the second season with the Discovery travelling to the future, beyond existing Star Trek continuity. This allowed them to explore a new time period for the franchise. Filming took place from July 2019 to February 2020, in Toronto, Canada, and on location in Iceland. Post-production took place remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#2 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » The 13-episode season premiered on the streaming service CBS All Access on October 15, 2020, to positive reviews. It concluded on January 7, 2021. A fourth season was officially announced in October 2020. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Episodes#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Episodes » Part 1 : Culber is visited by Kovich, a mysterious Starfleet operative, who explains that since Georgiou has both traveled through time and from a different universe, the Mirror Universe, her molecules have moved too far from their origin and she is now likely to die. Consulting with Discovery's computer, which has been augmented with the intelligent Sphere data, Culber believes that Georgiou could be saved by traveling to an uninhabited planet, Dannus V. Stamets and Adira use the SB-19 data to trace the source of the Burn to the Verubin Nebula, and discover a distress signal from a Kelpien starship. On Dannus V, Georgiou and Burnham encounter a strange being named Carl who directs Georgiou to a door. On the other side, she finds herself back in the Mirror Universe during the time she was Emperor of the Terran Empire. Georgiou finds that her time with Discovery has changed her, and she uses her knowledge of the past to alter certain events, including rescuing the slave Saru and sparing the life of the treacherous Michael Burnham. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Development#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Development » On February 27, 2019, CBS All Access renewed Star Trek: Discovery for a third season, shortly after the second season premiere, citing the positive fan response to that premiere as well as increased subscribers. After joining the series as a writer during the second season, Michelle Paradise was promoted to co-showrunner for the third season alongside series co-creator Alex Kurtzman. Kurtzman explained that Paradise had become essential to his process during the second season, becoming a partner for him while he oversaw multiple Star Trek series in addition to showrunning Discovery. By the end of the second season he felt that Paradise was already running Discovery with him, so it was an easy transition to her becoming official co-showrunner during the third season. In October, Kurtzman said the season would have 13 episodes, and this was unlikely to be extended as happened in previous seasons. After joining the Star Trek franchise as science advisors, astrophysicist Erin Macdonald and biologist Mohamed Noor primarily consulted on this season. Frequent Star Trek linguist Marc Okrand also consulted on the season, helping to develop the alien languages heard in the season such as Kelpien. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Development#1 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Development » Executive producer Heather Kadin said in January 2020 that the season would be ready by May 2020, but would be scheduled for release around the other All Access Star Trek series. By late March, post-production work for the season, including editing, visual effects, and scoring, was taking place remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In July, Paradise said the crew was "working nonstop" to complete post-production, but it was taking longer than previous seasons due to the pandemic. The series' editors, mixers, and color graders carried out work on the season from their houses with Kurtzman and Paradise supervising via Zoom. Okrand coached the actors via Skype on speaking alien languages for additional dialogue recording. In July, the season was set to premiere on October 15, 2020, after the season finale of Star Trek: Lower Decks. Kurtzman explained that because post-production took longer than usual due to the pandemic, the season's debut was delayed until after Lower Decks had been released. Late in post-production, the producers decided to add a quote from Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry about connections to the end of the season finale. Paradise said it "felt appropriate to have something from him" due to the season's themes of connection as well as the effects of the pandemic at the same time the season was being released. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Writing#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Writing » The series' writers began work on the season at the end of February 2019, at Kurtzman's Secret Hideout offices in Santa Monica. The writers room for the season included Jenny Lumet, Anne Cofell Saunders, Ken Lin, Alan McElroy, Kirsten Beyer, Brandon Schultz, Erika Lippoldt, Bo Yeon Kim, Chris Silvestri, Anthony Maranville, Sean Cochran, and Kalinda Vazquez. After working in the writers room for the series Snowfall, author Walter Mosley was hired by Kurtzman for a similar role on the third season of Discovery. After working on the series for three weeks, Mosley was notified by CBS of a complaint made against him by another member of the writers room for Mosley's use of the word "nigger" while telling a story. CBS told Mosley this was usually a fireable offence, but said no further action would be taken and asked that he not use the word again outside of a script. Mosley chose to leave the series, quitting without informing Kurtzman and Paradise. He explained his decision in an op-ed for The New York Times in September 2019, and CBS responded by saying "we are committed to supporting a workplace where employees feel free to express concerns". Mosley did not identify Discovery as the series he was working on in the op-ed, but this was confirmed by CBS in their response. Paradise revealed at the end of January 2020 that the season finale script had been completed. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Writing#1 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Writing » The second season ended with the USS Discovery traveling over 900 years into the future, freeing the series from the continuity of previous Star Trek series and allowing it to explore a new time period for the franchise. Kurtzman compared this decision to that of the film Star Trek (2009)—on which he worked as a writer—starting a new timeline to avoid established continuity. He added that it would allow the series to have "an entirely new energy for season three with a whole new set of problems". He referred to this setting as essentially an entirely new universe, with references to previous Star Trek series being "a very distant memory" . Kurtzman confirmed that Control, the AI antagonist of the second season, was officially neutralized and the third season would focus on "much bigger problems". Series' star Sonequa Martin-Green described the new setting as a "blank slate". In October, Paradise confirmed that the Federation would still exist in this future, but would be going through "a bit of a rough patch", while Kurtzman said the USS Discovery will still be the only ship to use a spore drive which will make it a target for others interested in the technology. In October 2020, Kurtzman revealed that the season takes place following a cataclysmic event, the Burn, that separated people and changed the way that they communicate. He noted that this is "exactly what we are going through right now" with the COVID-19 pandemic, though the season was written and filmed before the pandemic began. This plays into the season's main theme of the importance of connections. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Writing#2 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Writing » The writers knew that series protagonist, Martin-Green's Michael Burnham, would become captain of Discovery eventually, and decided that they wanted that to happen at the end of the third season. They wanted to give her the best arc possible during the season by taking the character far away from that end goal. The first episode of the season focuses on Burnham, alone on an unknown planet in the future until she meets new character Cleveland "Book" Booker. The second episode follows the rest of the Discovery crew, who are reunited with Burnham in the third episode which is one year after the events of the first episode for Burnham. Once they are reunited, Martin-Green said the season would focus on "simple" questions for the crew, such as "Where are we? What are we going to do? Who are we going to be? What does this future look like?" Burnham declines to become captain in the third episode, deferring to Saru who was the acting captain at the end of the second season. Burnham spends the first half of the season questioning her place on Discovery and reconciling her role on the ship with her year spent with Book. She recommits to Starfleet in "Unification III", and the rest of the season builds to her becoming captain. Saru's storyline focuses on his connection to other Kelpiens and his home planet of Kaminar, and he ends the season with Su'Kal on Kaminar. Paradise said this was not necessarily a way to bring Saru's story "full circle", and was more a way to show his natural progression from his brief interactions with other Kelpiens in the previous seasons. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Writing#3 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Writing » Kurtzman said the season would not directly tie-in with the first season of Star Trek: Picard, but would acknowledge "a lot of things that were planted in previous shows". It references the Temporal Wars from Star Trek: Enterprise which take place during the 31st Century, the latest point in the franchise's timeline before this season. It also reveals that a temporal agent crossed over from the alternate reality created during the events of the film Star Trek (2009), which is the first reference to the film franchise's alternate timeline made by a Star Trek series. The episode "Unification III" serves as an informal sequel to the two-part Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Unification", which saw Burnham's brother Spock beginning the process to try unify the Vulcan and Romulan people; in "Unification III", the Discovery visits the planet Vulcan, since renamed Ni'Var, which is home to both Vulcans and Romulans due to Spock's efforts. The episode also includes the Qowat Milat, a sect of Romulan warrior nuns that were introduced in Picard. Executive producer Heather Kadin said before the season's release that the Star Trek: Short Treks short "Calypso" was set around the same time as the season, and there was a chance that Aldis Hodge could reprise his role from the short, but Paradise later said that "Calypso" is actually set many years after the season. Instead, the season foreshadows "Calypso" by showing the Sphere data from the second season beginning to integrate with Discovery to become the advanced version that is known as Zora in the short. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Writing#4 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Writing » In January 2019, Kurtzman said a planned spin-off series to star Michelle Yeoh as Philippa Georgiou was not expected until after the third season of Discovery was completed. Executive producer Heather Kadin said Yeoh's presence in the third season could lead to a direct tie-in with the spin-off. The spin-off's showrunners, Bo Yeon Kim and Erika Lippoldt, are also writers on Discovery, and they developed Georgiou's character arc in the third season with "a lot of care". The two-part episode "Terra Firma" writes Georgiou out of the series. The writers wanted a "timey-wimey solution" for sending Georgiou to her new destination, and chose the Guardian of Forever from the original series episode "The City on the Edge of Forever". Discovery introduces a new personification of the Guardian named "Carl", named for and inspired by astronomer and author Carl Sagan. "Terra Firma" was later given as an example of the season's more episodic approach, with each episode of the season having a central character or villain or otherwise standalone story, with "breadcrumbs" through each episode about the season-long mystery of what caused the Burn. Other examples include "People of Earth", in which Earth is treated like a "planet-of-the-week", and the focus on Vulcan culture in "Unification III". Paradise said this approach allowed some characters to be explored that usually would not be. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Casting#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Casting » The season stars the returning Sonequa Martin-Green as Michael Burnham, Doug Jones as Saru, Anthony Rapp as Paul Stamets, Mary Wiseman as Sylvia Tilly, and Wilson Cruz as Hugh Culber. They are joined by David Ajala, who was announced as new series regular Cleveland "Book" Booker in July 2019. Book helps introduce the season's new setting, and is also a new love interest for Burnham that the writers hoped would bring out new sides to her character and allow her to have a relationship that feels "fun and light" in contrast to her tumultuous relationship with Ash Tyler in the previous seasons. Rachael Ancheril is also credited as starring for her appearances in the season, reprising her recurring guest role as Nhan from the second season. She is written out of the series in the season's fifth episode. Inside the holographic simulation that the characters enter in "Su'Kal", their appearance is changed to look like different species. Burnham appears as a Trill, Culber as a Bajoran, and Saru as a human. Jones usually wears prosthetics to portray the Kelpien character, so this was the first time that he appeared as himself in the series. Despite this, he spent a similar time in the make-up and hair department for these scenes due to the wig that he wears in the episodes, because he felt having hair would help make human Saru more "off-putting" but his own head is shaved for the series to help with his usual prosthetics. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Casting#1 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Casting » Kurtzman confirmed in January 2019 that Michelle Yeoh would appear in the third season as Philippa Georgiou ahead of her spin-off series. Annabelle Wallis reprises her role from "Calypso" as the voice of Zora, the advanced version of Discovery, while Sonja Sohn reprises her role as Burnham's mother Gabrielle from the second season in "Unification III". That episode also features archive footage of Burnham's brother Spock, including footage of Ethan Peck from the second season and Leonard Nimoy from The Next Generation's "Unification" episodes. In "Terra Firma", several actors portray Mirror Universe versions of their characters, including Hannah Cheesman and Rekha Sharma as their characters from earlier seasons, Airiam and Ellen Landry, respectively. "Terra Firma" also guest stars Paul Guilfoyle as "Carl", the Guardian of Forever. An archival recording of Bart LaRue, the original voice of the Guardian from "The City on the Edge of Forever", is also used. Kenneth Mitchell, who guest starred as several Klingon characters during the first two seasons, appears as a new human character, scientist Aurellio. The character uses a hover chair due to a genetic condition, a storyline that was written specifically to accommodate Mitchell's ALS diagnosis in August 2018, for which he began using a wheel chair in October 2019. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Casting#2 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Casting » Kurtzman said the third season would expand on the crew of the Discovery outside the main cast after fans responded positively to those characters in the second season. Tig Notaro reprises her role as engineer Jett Reno. Other returning crewmembers include Emily Coutts as Keyla Detmer, Patrick Kwok-Choon as Gen Rhys, Oyin Oladejo as Joann Owosekun, Ronnie Rowe Jr. as R.A. Bryce, Sara Mitich as Nilsson, Raven Dauda as Tracy Pollard, and David Benjamin Tomlinson as Linus the Saurian, with Julianne Grossman as the voice of Discovery's computer. New cast members include Adil Hussain as Aditya Sahil; Jake Weber as Zareh; Oded Fehr as Admiral Charles Vance; David Cronenberg as Kovich; Mary Wiseman's husband Noah Averbach-Katz as Ryn; Janet Kidder as Osyraa; and Bill Irwin as Su'Kal. Kurtzman originally asked Jones to portray Su'Kal, but the actor chose not to due to the work required to portray two characters. When Kurtzman suggested Irwin, Jones agreed he could "pull it off". Hannah Spear and Robert Verlaque, who previously portrayed Saru's sister and father, respectively, appear as Su'Kal's mother Dr. Issa and a Kelpien elder. Fabio Tassone voices Book's ship computer, and Book's pet cat Grudge is portrayed by two Maine Coons, Leeu and Durban. They are 40 inches (1.0 m) long and weigh 18 pounds (8.2 kg). Paradise said they wanted a "really big, fluffy, substantial beast of a cat", and having two on set allowed the crew to choose which to use depending on their behavior. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Casting#3 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Casting » Casting had begun by June 2019 for the new role of Adira, a non-binary character described as "incredibly intelligent and self-confident" with the potential to become a recurring guest throughout the season. Despite the character being portrayed as 16 years old in the season, an actor 18 years or older was being looked for. In September 2020, non-binary newcomer Blu del Barrio was revealed to be portraying Adira, while transgender actor Ian Alexander was announced as cast in the role of Gray, a Trill character. Both characters were noted to be the first explicitly non-binary and transgender characters within the Star Trek franchise, respectively. The writers knew early on in development on the season that they wanted to include non-binary and transgender representation in the season to explore new perspectives and stories for Star Trek. They used Trill mythology for this storyline due to that species being considered an allegory for LGBTQ people by many fans of Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. The writers worked with Barrio, Alexander, and GLAAD when developing the characters due to there being no non-binary or transgender writers working on the series. Adira is introduced using the pronouns she/her, as Barrio had not come-out as non-binary to their family when they began work on the series and wanted Adira's story to reflect their own experience. Once Barrio came-out to their family, ahead of the announcement of their casting in the series, Adira's coming-out was written into the series and they/them pronouns were used. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Design#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Design » The series' opening title sequence was updated for the season by Prologue, to feature red dilithium crystals, Burnham's new braided hair, DOT-7 robots, Book's ship, the new 32nd Century Starfleet badges, and the wormhole that brought Discovery to the future. The season also features a "streamlined" new logo to reflect its new setting. Kurtzman felt this was especially important since the series' initial logo reflects the Klingon storyline of the first season, which the series had moved on from. The opening title sequence for "Terra Firma, Part 2" is inverted from the standard sequence and shown in negative to reflect the episode's Mirror Universe setting. Kurtzman said there was a temptation to "say that anything is possible and the laws of physics don't apply anymore" when designing future technology, but it was still important to have the story drive the technology and to make it feel grounded. This meant creating evolved versions of existing Star Trek technology to ground the season in the designs of the franchise. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Filming#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Filming » The season began filming in July 2019, with six days on location in Iceland, before moving to Pinewood Toronto Studios in Toronto, Canada on July 18. Iceland was chosen because the producers wanted to introduce the future of Star Trek with a place that looks different to the previous seasons, and because Kurtzman had always wanted to film there. Originally, producing director Olatunde Osunsanmi was set to direct the first episode of the season with Jonathan Frakes directing the second. However, both episodes required location filming in Iceland. Osunsanmi ultimately directed both episodes, including all of the Iceland shoot for each. Frakes then directed the third episode in Toronto. Frakes noted that the style of the series was still "shoot to thrill", but this was toned down for the third season compared to the previous two. In December, filming took place at the disused Kingston Penitentiary in Ontario, Canada, to portray part of the holographic environment that Su'Kal lives in. For Saru's Kelpien singing, Jones pre-recorded his lines and lip-synced them on set. Filming on the season officially wrapped in Toronto on February 24, 2020, 10 days before lockdowns began due to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Visual_effects#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Visual effects » Star Trek: Discovery was the first visual effects-heavy series to go through post-production during the pandemic. Kurtzman and Paradise reviewed visual effects shots remotely several times a week with visual effects supervisor Jason Zimmerman. Visual effects for each episode on Discovery typically take eight-to-ten months to complete, and this took longer for the third season during the pandemic. Since the production was unable to carry out additional photography to film pickup shots with the actors during lockdown, visual effects were used to fill these requirements. Fully computer-generated shots were created for these, featuring digital doubles of the actors based on existing scans. The actors filmed motion-capture performances from the houses that were then used to drive the performances of the digital doubles. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Music#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Music » By the end of January 2020, composer Jeff Russo had written some pre-recorded music for the season for use in the scene where Gray plays the cello for Adira. This music is heard throughout the season. Russo had not yet seen any of the completed episodes when he composed the cello music. He said his approach to the season's music would not be affected by the time-jump between seasons since it was still the same series, though he felt the season would make less references Alexander Courage's original Star Trek music and would instead make more references to Russo's music for the first two seasons of Discovery. For example, Russo brought back his Mirror Universe music from the first season for Georgiou's storyline. Courage's theme does get played over the season finale's end credits, which Paradise said was a way of "honoring what gave birth to all of this". |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Production#Music#1 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Production, Music » Russo was "full speed ahead" composing music for the first five episodes of the season in April 2020, working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. His intention was to record the scores with an orchestra later, once it was safe to do. A month later, Russo had begun remotely recording individual musicians from their homes. Recording engineer Michael Perfitt combined the different recordings to make them sound like the musicians were recorded together at a scoring stage, and Russo felt the final result would not be of a lower quality compared to his scores for the previous seasons. He said the season would feature new motifs for new characters (including the cat Grudge) and locations, but would still sound like Discovery. A soundtrack album for the season was released digitally by Lakeshore Records on April 16, 2021. All music composed by Jeff Russo: |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Marketing#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Marketing » The series was promoted at San Diego Comic-Con 2019 in a "Star Trek Universe" panel alongside other series from the franchise. The panel featured Kurtzman, Paradise, Martin-Green, and introduced Ajala. Comic-Con also had an "immersive transporter experience" that allowed fans of the series to "step aboard the USS Discovery and travel to strange and distant lands". The cast and executive producers promoted the series at further "Star Trek Universe" panels at New York Comic Con and PaleyFest New York in October, with a trailer for the season revealed at the New York Comic Con panel. Several commentators questioned whether Starfleet still existed in the universe based on dialogue in the trailer. In late February 2020, key art for the season was released on Twitter by a purported CBS account. The images were shortly taken down due to a copyright claim from CBS, with the original account believed to be a fake. A short teaser featuring Martin-Green and using the same visual style as the leaked art was released following the season finale of Star Trek: Picard. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Marketing#1 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Marketing » The series' cast and executive producers promoted Discovery in a virtual "Star Trek Universe" panel for the 2020 Comic-Con@Home convention, where the cast of the second season's finale participated in a table read of the first act of that episode before teasing the third season of the series. The live stream of the event was interrupted for around 20 minutes when CBS's content protection system blocked it as a copyright infringement. The season's premiere date was announced shortly after the event, and was accompanied by a brief teaser depicting Burnham planting the Federation flag on a new planet. This was shortly followed by a new trailer celebrating "23 weeks of New Trek" and featuring footage from both the third season of Discovery and the first season of Lower Decks; the 23 weeks include both series, with Lower Decks premiering on August 6 and running for 10 weeks, followed the next week by the premiere of Discovery which then runs for 13 weeks. On September 8, CBS All Access streamed a free 24-hour event to celebrate the 54th anniversary of the Original Series premiere. The event included a marathon of episodes from across the Star Trek franchise, with a break during the day for a series of panels about different Star Trek series. These included a panel for Discovery featuring Martin-Green, Ajala, Kurtzman, and Paradise during which they revealed a full trailer for the season. The trailer revealed that the season was about bringing hope back to the Federation in an uncertain future, and introduced the series' new logo. It was accompanied by the official release of the season's key art poster. Another virtual "Star Trek Universe" panel was held for the 2020 New York Comic Con a week before the season's premiere. The cast and crew discussed the season and revealed the opening scene of the season premiere. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Marketing#2 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Marketing » In November 2020, ViacomCBS announced that it would donate all proceeds from a new line of merchandise to GLAAD to "support GLAAD's culture changing work to accelerate acceptance for LGBTQ people". The "Star Trek: Discovery GLAAD Collection" features several Star Trek- and GLAAD-themed items. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Star_Trek:_Discovery_(season_3)#Release#Streaming_and_broadcast#0 | « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3) » « Star Trek: Discovery (season 3), Release, Streaming and broadcast » The season premiered on CBS All Access in the United States on October 15, 2020, and was released weekly for 13 episodes until January 7, 2021. Bell Media broadcasts the series in Canada on the specialty channels CTV Sci-Fi Channel (English) and Z (French) on the same day as the U.S., before streaming episodes on Crave. Netflix has streaming rights for the series in another 188 countries, and releases each episode of the series for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut. |